Forestry-geological review [May 1935]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPM '"T'"~~

Vol. 5

ATLANTA, GA., MAY, 1935

No. 5

GEORGIA FORESTRY ASS'N ANNUAL MEETING MAY 17, 18

Fourteenth Annual Meeting at Macon to Stress Forest Fire Prevention - Program of Prominent Speakers Promises Meeting of Unusual Interest-Public Invited

The fourteenth annual meeting of the

Georgia Forestry Association to be held at

the Dempsey Hotel, Macon, May 17, 18,

presents an array o.f prominent speakers

that promises a meeting of unusual inter-

est. Organized forest fire prevention is to

be the keynote of the meeting. The appal-

ling ravages of fire, the destruction of fu-

ture crops of pines and the disfavor that

woods burning has brought to the state in

the eyes o.f prospective paper manufactur-

ers, have alarmed the association to the

point of making a desperate effort to stop

forest fires and to sound a warning to land

owners of the results that are to follow.

The executive committee of the Georgia

Forestry Association held a meeting March 28 at Macon, discussed the alarming situation, decided to make the keynote of the

PINE SEEDLINGS AND WIRE GRASS-WHAT WOULD FIRE DO TO THE YOUNG TREES?

fourteenth annual meeting organized forest fire prevention, and built a program Why burning off wire grass of South of open areas in Georgia but for the burn-

aroul).d this theme. The program committee is W. T. Anderson, Macon; T .. G. Woolford, Atlanta; and Judge Ogden Persons, Forsyth.
The meeting will open at 10:30 May 17.

Georgia can prevent natural reforestation ing off of grass.
is dearly shown by the above photograph. Killing the newborn trees by forest burning is a sure way to rob our children of
The tree seed have sifted through the their tree crops. grass, reached the ground, germinated, pro- Effective measures have been taken by

The morning session will be followed by a duced seedlings: The grass has been clear- timber protective organizations to keep fire

luncheon address, and the afternoon ses- ed from a spot to show them.

out of the woods with the result that satis-

sion, headed by Dr. Chas. H. Herty, will Note the heavy growth of vegetation factory natural restocking is taking place.

feature forest fire prevention. A banquet will be held Friday night, with prominent speakers.
Saturday morning's program will con-

around the cleared spot. How can anyone expect the seedlings to survive the heat of fire in such combustible material! Nature

A campaign is on in South Georgia to eradicate wire grass and sedge grass and to supplant them with carpet grass, a much better grass for grazing that very greatly

clude the session, with prominent speakers, would long ago have reforested thousands reduces fire hazards.

including Robert Fechner, head of the

Civilian Conservation Corps. The program outlined below was not
complete as this publication went to press, but so far as arranged is as follows:
MORNING SESSION May 17, 10:30 A. M. (Eastern Time) Invocation

Address-"Plea for Teaching Forestry in the Public Schools", Miss Emily Woodward, Vienna
Address-"Georgia's School of Forestry", G. D. Marckworth, Head, Division of Forestry, State College of Agriculture, Athens

AFTERNOON SESSION
2:30 P. M. (Eastern Time) Dr. Chas. H. Herty, Presiding
Address-"Forest Fire Prevention and Why", Dr. Charles H. Herty
Address-"Georgia's Fire Problem", B. M.

Welcome Address-Ron. Herbert Smart, Announcements

Mayor of Macon

Business Session

Lufburrow, State Forester Discussions:

Response-Dean Paul Chapman, State Col- See Exhibits lege of Agriculture, Athens

1.-U. S. Forest Service, Chas. F. Evans, Asst. Regional Forester, Region

President' s Report--T. G. Woolford, At- Luncheon, 1:00 P. M.-Thomas Hamilton,

8, U. S. F. S., Atlanta

lanta, President, Georgia Forestry Asso- Augusta, Presiding

ciation

Address-Ron. Ed Rivers, Lakeland

2.-County Agricultural Agent, W. A.
Lundy, Cordele.

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review
Published Monthly by the

REPLACING WIRE GRASS WITH single menace to our forests, causing mil-
CARPET GRASS, LESPEDEZA lions of dollars damage annually in direct
losses to forests, and indirect losses from

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND Better Pasture Grasses and Less Fire floods, soil erosion, etc.; and

GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta

Hazard Would Result-Commis- WHEREAS, great benefits would accrue

sion Approves Undertaking

to our state if the native wire grass were

C. A. WHITTLE, Editor

destroyed and carpet grass were establishA strong movement is on foot in south- ed instead. Carpet grass is a hardy native

Foreatry DiYiaion

east Georgia to supplant wire and sedge grass, and once established would keep grass with carpet grass, lespedeza and Dal- down and prevent other vegetation from

B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester

lis grass.

taking possession of the land. Its growing

and Secretary of Commission__Atlanta C. A. Whittle, Educational Mgr,,____Atlanta
H. M. Sebring, Asst. State Forester, Atlanta

Two objectives are in view-to provide better grazing and to lessen the fire haz-

habits are such that it produces practically no inflammable material; therefore, it

Russell D. Franklin, Dist. Forester____ Rome ard. Once established, carpet grass espec- makes an almost perfect firebreak. Carpet

W. D. Young, Dist. Forester______Gainesville ially, will provide no inducement to cattle grass is a splendid pasture grass for live-

C. B. Beale, District Forester______Waycross men to burn the woods to "green up the stock, with a grazing capacity twice that

Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester____ Savannah C N. Elliott, District Forester______Augusta
H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester____Albany

pasture." The "rough", which some consider so dangerous, is expected to naturally

of bluegrass and is suitable for grazing the greater part of the year, Now, therefore,

I W. G. Wallace, District Forester__Columbus
Mrs. N. N. Edwards, Secretary______Atlanta

di.sOapnptehaer.firebre~ks especially, carpet grass

BE IT RESOLVED that the Georgia Forestry Association, through its duly consti-

Mrs. R. S. Thompson, Treasurer______Atlanta will keep the stnps green most of the year, tuted executive committee, 'does hereby ap-

and if closely grazed will also prove a_very prove, endorse and recommend the efforts

Geoloeical Diviaion

good check to woods fires for the remamder begun and now being made by Congress-

R. W. Smith, State Geologist____________ Atlanta of the year.

man Braswell Deen and others to have the

G. W. Cric_k__m___a_y__,___A___s_s__t_.___S__t_a__t_e____G__e__o__l_o__g_Aisttl,anta

Just one disadvantage appears. Heavy grazing will result in heavy tramping, and

federal Forest Service, the Civilian Conservation Corps and;or federal agencies

Lane Mitchell, Asst. State Geol.____Atlanta little seedlings, trying to start growth, will establish in Georgia large areas of carpet

Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk______________Atlanta not only be trampled, but they are likely to grass. By so doing, a better and more ade-

be cropped by the grazing animals, like quate fire protection system will be given

3.-County Commissioner, J. S. Hudson, bitterweed or wild onions are cropped in a our forests than could be given by the

Ellijay

pasture. Tramping and grazing, more than same expenditure of work and money in

4.-Turpentine Operator, J. S. Green, likely, will prevent reforestation.

any other known method, and at the same

Butler

This disadvantage may be overcome by time, a permanent foundation would be

5.-Timber Protective Organization, W. restricting grazing until the seedlings are created for a profitable livestock industry.

M. Oettmeier, Superior Pine Products Co., Fargo 6.-Landowner, Hon. J. Henry Gaskin, Nashville, Ga. 7.-Future Farmers of America, 0. M. Cates, Jr., Meigs, Ga.

large enough to be out of danger. This applies equally well to artificial plantings.
Heavy grazing is also a hindrance to growth of trees of any age. If somehow, heavy grazing were limited to firebreaks, and light grazing to wooded parts, the results would be better.

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that a
copy of this resolution be sent to Chief Forester Silcox, Director Fechner of the Civilian Conservation Corps and to all of the Georgia delegation in Congress.

Banquet, 7:30 P. M. Toastmaster-T. G. Woolford Address~W. T. Anderson, Macon

Foresters are concerned chiefly with pro-

ducing tree crops, and the livestock man GEORGIA FORESTRY ASS'N

thinks in terms of pasturage. The maxi-

WANTS FOREST SURVEY

mum production of one will not mean the

OF SOUTH CONTINUED

MORNING SESSION May 18, 10:30 A.M. (Eastern Time) Herbert L. Kayton, Savannah, Presiding

maximum production of the other, but there can be agreement that where there is opportunity for grazing, there should be good grazing, and where existing inferior

The executive committee of the Georgia Forestry Association, at a meeting held in Macon March 28, passed a resolution fav-

Address-"Keeping Forestry in Private grasses make fire hazards, it is better to oring the continuance of the federal forest

Ownership", A. G. T. Moore, Southern have pasturage that minimizes fire hazards. survey of the south, and commending Sen-

Pine Association, New Orleans

Congressman Braswell Deen has been ac- ator Richard Russell for his amendment in-

Address-"What the Civilian Conservation tive in an effort to enlist the federal gov- creasing the available funds, and the sup-

Corps is Doing for Forestry", Robert ernment in the undertaking and to use CCC port of other members of Congress, for

Fechner, Director E.C.W., Washington, labor in seeding the desired grasses.

their support of the measure.

D. C. Address-"Progress of Timber Survey in
Georgia", Capt. I. F. Eldredge, Federal Forest Service, New Orleans Address-"Erosion Control Program of Georgia in Relation to Forestry", Loy E. Rast, Director Soil Erosion Control, Ath-
ens Address-"How the Women's Organiza-
tions of Georgia can Promote Forestry",

Favored by Commission Forestry and Geological Development
At a meeting of the Commission of the Department of Forestry and Geological Development held April 9, the following resolution approving the undertaking to replace wire and sedge grass with better grazing grasses, that will also reduce the forest fire hazard, was passed:

It was pointed out that a complete survey of the forest resources is essential to the development of a paper making industry in the south.
W. T. Anderson, Host
W. T. Anderson, better know as "Bill", editor of the Macon Telegraph, was host to

Mrs. T. H. McHatton, President, Georgia WHEREAS, the Emergency Relief Pro- the executive committee of the Georgia

Garden Clubs, Athens

gram of the federal government contem- Forestry Association at the shack in the

Address-"Results of lntercropping Pines and Corn", Marion Renfroe, Quitman
Report of Resolution Committee

plates nation-wide measures, the purpose of which is to conserve and improve the uses of land, water and other forest re-

woods March 28. It is hardly necessary to say "a good time was enjoyed by all."

Report of Nominating Committee

sources; and

Hosting may be one of his strong points,

Adjournment

WHEREAS, forest fires are the greatest but not the equal of his facile wit.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

BURNED OVER FORESTS REPEL USES OF GEORGIA WOODS

SOIL EROSION SERVICE

PAPER MANUFACTURERS

MANUFACTURE FO~ 1933

MERGED INTO U.S.D.A.

It is reliably reported that a representa- The total amount of Georgia woods used Effective April 1, all soil erosion work of

tive of a large paper manufacturing indus- in manufacturing establishments in 1933 the federal government is now in the hands

try of the north, looking over the southern was 158,250,000 board feet, not a large of a soil erosion unit of the United States

field for a promising location for a mill, ex- amount because of the business depression, Department of Agriculture, with H. H.

pressed himself in no uncertain terms about but the us).lal wide use of native timber is Bennett in charge. Previously, soil erosion

the widespread forest burning. He sum- shown.

work was carried on by both the Depart-

marily dismissed from consideration the The following is data recently released ment of Interior and the Department of

location of a plant where any considerable by the United Census Bureau for Georgia. Agriculture.

portion of an area is being burned over. Boxes, baskets and crates-White pine, H. H. Bennett, for many years with the

He could not understand why people would 100,000 board feet; cypress 15,000; yellow Bureau of Chemistry and Soils of the De-

burn their forests.

pine 23,507,000; ash 4,000; cottonwood partment of Agriculture, is known through-

Of course no one could reasonably ex- 548,000; black gum 5,999,700; magnolia out the country for his long and militant

pect a paper mill to be interested in a re- 1,694,000; maple 1,000; oak 45,000; red campaign to control soil erosion in the

gion where every year, or every two or gum 12,142,000; sycamore 600,000; tupe- United States. His addresses and his writ-

three years, people purposely burn over lo 4,144,000; yellow poplar 4,080,000.

ings, more than any other's, have brought

the woods and thus destroy seedlings, the Car Construction and Repair-Cypress the country to a realization of the serious

future source of pulpwood on which the 270,000 board feet; Douglas fir 908,000; situation created by unrestrained soil ero-

mills must depend.

pine 10,507,000; ash 15,000; maple 101,- sion, and he was the logical person to head

It is, therefore, not surprising to learn 000; oak 668,000; yellow poplar 122,000. the new organization. He is a native of

that some prospective paper manufacturers Caskets and Coffins-Cypress 2,134,000 Wadesboro, North Carolina, and owns a

lack faith in southern timberland owners' board feet; pine 10,000; chestnut 197,000; farm near that place.

ability to grow future supplies of timber. yellow poplar 100,000.

This lack of faith is manifesting itself in Fixtures-White pine 7,000 board feet; OLDEST U. S. INDUSTRY

steps being taken by some concerns to pur- Douglas fir 2,000; Ponderosa pine 5,000; NAVAL STORE'S PRODUCTION

chase and protect enough timberland to meet their needs. Will Georgians continue to allow fire to cut them off from the greatest potential market for pine timber they have had for a generation?
WOOLFORD AND KIMBROUGH NEW COMMISSION MEMBERS
Governor Eugene Talmadge recently ap. pointed T. G. Woolford, Atlanta, and Hon. Henry Kimbrough, Chipley, as members of the Commission of Forestry and Geological

southern pine 187,000; chestnut 3,000; maple 2,000; oak 4,000; red gum 25,000; walnut 105,000; yellow poplar 10,000.
Flooring-Pine 1,100,000 board feet; oak 3,000,000.
Furniture-Douglas fir 2,000 board feet; pine 65,000; ash 15,000; elm 220,000; black gum 25,000; hickory 15,000; oak 4,847,000; sycamore 132,000; tupelo 545,000; walnut 76,.000; yellow poplar 2,305,000.
Handles-Pine 77,000 board feet; ash

The first settlers of this country who landed at Jamestown, Va., in 1607-328 years ago-were under commission to produce tar and timber for the English natioR which had depended upon Mediterranean countries and felt the need of being independent of that supply.
Today "naval stores" means resin and turpentine, the center of the industry being Georgia, and the greatest naval stores market in the world, Savannah.

Development. Mr. Woolford succeeds himself as a
member of the Commission. As president

2,083,000. Patterns and Flasks-White pine 3,000
board feet; pine 4,000; foreign woods 5,-

NAVAL STORES HANDBOOK ISSUED BY GOVERNMENT

of the Georgia Forestry Association for 000.

"A Naval Stores Handbook", dealing

Sr.!Veral years, he is well known as a for- Sash, Frames, Doors, Blinds and General with the production of pine gum or oleo-

estry leader. His aggressive opposition to Millwork-Cypress 699,000 board feet resin, is the title of Miscellaneous Publica-

government purchase of commercial forest Douglas fir 13,000; Ponderosa pine 81,000; tion No. 209 of the United States Depart-

land for commercial development has at- southern pine 4,412,000; oak 50,000; red ment of Agriculture, a publication edited

tracted nation wide attention. presidency of the United States

His vice Chamber

gum 40,000; 65,000.

walnut

3,000;

yellow poplar

and written in part by Dr. Eloise Gerry of the Forest Products Laboratory, Madison,

of Commerce has also brought him into na- All other industries - Cypress 56,000 Wisconsin.

tion wide prominence. His reappointment board feet; Douglas fir 2,000; southern Miss Gerry is well known in the south,

will meet with favor throughout the state. pine 280,000; ash 681,000; hickory 307,- where she has worked on gum production

Mr. Kimbrough's appointment will also 000; magnolia 20,000; maple 15,000; oak with representatives of the forest service,

be heartily approved by his many friends 1,178,000; red gum 963,000; tupelo 15,- carrying on field tests and studies.

throughout Georgia. As a member of the 000; yellow poplar 50,000; other native The handbook is considered the best of

General Assembly of Georgia, he was held hardw9ods 46,000.

its kind; it is clear in its presentation and

in high regard for sound judgment and for

full of useful information, and will doubt-

his interest in promoting forestry in Geor- TEN POINT DEER HEAD

less be in great demand in the south.

gia. "Uncle Henry", as he is familiarly known, has kept close to the soil and among

PLACED IN EVIDENCE

Pine, Georgia's State Tree

his experiences is that he both lost and Any doubting Thomases, Bills, Joes, etc., The recent session of the General As-

won in horse trading with President Roose- who crossed their fingers can now see for sembly, complying with the request of the
M: velt, his Warm Springs n~ighbor. Mr. Kim- themselves on the office wall of State For- Georgia Garden Clubs and a petition from
brough, it is confidently believed by those ester B. Lufburrow, the beautiful head schools of the state, designated the pine as

who know him, will make a conscientious of a buck with the ten point antlers.

the Georgia tree and the brown thrasher

and safe leader in promoting the interests The head and the soft skin, beautifully as the state bird.

of forestry and geology in Georgia.

taxidermed, are part of the State Fores- No one species of pine was designated

ter's Christmas holiday kill, the edible por- under the legislative bill.

Joseph E. Lockwood, Savannah, was ap- tions of which went into the famous veni-

pointed April 1 as naval stores consulting son banquet given by Mr. and Mrs. Luf- "To write a song hit, take something

specialist of the Agricultural Adjustment burrow and greatly enjoyed by the fores- composed by one of the masters and decom-

Administration.

try force.

pose it."

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

NAVAL STORES UNDER "NEW DEAL"

CCC PERMANENT RELIEF

DR. HERTY HONORED

MEASURE RECOMMENDED Dr. Charles H. Herty; friend of southern

Discussing the application of AAA and "The CCC has proved so effective as a pines, was honored April 15 at Statesboro

the use of the Commodity Credit Corpora- relief and conservation agency that I rec- with a celebration sponsored by the States-

tion in the naval stores industry for the ommended it be made a permanent part of boro Chamber of Commerce. It was at

past year, H. L. Kayton, president of the the f.ederal establishment," says Robert Statesboro, several years ago as a repre-

Carson Naval Stores Company, Savannah, Fechner, Director of the Civilian Conser- sentative of the United States Forest Ser-

says they have resulted in large quantities vation Corps.

vice, he discovered methods of turpentin-

of naval stores being hypothecated under "Viewed on a nation-wide basis, the ing that revolutionized the industry and

CCC loans, with considerable carry over Corps has proved a social and economic brought into use the Herty cup.

that is visible, but in strong hands. He says success. It has given the American people

"Production control for the coming year a new method in combating unemployment

Nantucket Tip Moth

will be much more effective and the in- and depression. It has demonstrated that One of the tip moths that is destructive

coming crop will probably not exceed the large numbers of unskilled young men can to loblolly and shortleaf, but not to slash

volume set by the control committee." be put to work at short notice on construc- and longleaf pines, is the Nantucket tip

J. Cheshire Nash, president of the Co- tive forestry and conservation projects that moth (Rhyactonia frustrana). The insect

lumbia Naval Stores Company, Savannah, are productive of lasting benefits not only is described by Philip C. Wakeley in a pa-

speaks ?f the many changes from ~he to the men themselves but to the economic per issued by the Southern Forest Experi-

standpomt of dealers, brought about durmg life of the state and nation. The Civilian ment Station. Heavy damage is recorded in

the year, calling for complete readjust- ' Conservation Corps is described by the La- Louisiana, where studies were made.

ments. Adjusted production and govern- bor Department as 'the most beneficial and Damage occurs in buds and twigs of

mental loans with a known minimu_m price constructive movement for the welfare of young pines. Four generations a season are

has mad~ the market less speculative, but youth of these times.' It has given 'for- reported. Less damage results in thick

has restncted exports as compared to the esters-both federal and state-their great- stands, and still less danger exists where

1 free ?utlethof ~~bropean crops, thereby_ de- est conservation opportunity in a genera- pines are in mixed stands. Even-age stands,

creasmg t e VISI e supply of American tion."

both artificially planted and natural repro-

products and increasing the visible supply

duction, suffers most, leading the author to

of Europe.
Mr. Nash calls attention to the fact that FOREST FIRES DESTROY

doubt the advisability of establishing large, pure, even-aged stands of loblolly or short-

beginning with March 20, due to govern-

TROUT IN STREAMS leaf pines.

mental insistence, all receipts at Savannah The waters of good trout streams are

and Jacksonville must be offered over the normally slightly acid in content. When a

Wood Flour Rubber

Boards of Trades of these two cities. This conflagration sweeps through timber As much as 50 per cent of the material

makes these markets more representative. stands, hundreds of tons of ashes fall to ' one .regards as rubber may be made of

This he considers a distinct forward step. the ground. Rains later wash the ashes in- wood flour. Hard rubber of all kinds gen-

to the streams. What is the result? Well, erally contains large proportions of finely

NATIONAL PARK SERVICE

not exactly what might be expected. It is ground wood.

REGIONAL OFFICE, ATLANTA not so much the particles of ash present White pine is most commonly used to

Regional office number 4 of the National in the water which physically interfere make wood flour. Several grindings and

Park Service has been established in At- with the fish life, although that effect is screenings are required.

lanta with J. H. Gadsby in charge. The harmful too. There is a more subtle, an

region embraces Tennessee, Georgia, Flor- even more important effect.

"So your matrimonial life has been un-

ida, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. The ashes are alkali in content. When happy! What was the trouble? Was it De-

Offices are located in the Glenn building, washed into the small trout streams they cember married to May?"

corner Marietta and Spring streets.

change the normally slight acidity of the "Lan' sakes, no, jedge, it was jes' Labor

J. H. Gadsby, formerly an inspector with water to an alkaline condition. The result Day married to de Day ob Rest'.

headquarters in At!anta, established such is hundreds, perhaps thousands, of dead

an excellent reputation in his work with fish.-Service Letter (Pa.).

Husband and wife were driving along a

parks and recreational areas as to secure his appointment to his present position.

CCC Deeds of Valor

lonely -road. They had been in a hot argument. A mule brayed.

Mr. Gadsby has inspectors located at Exceptional cases of bravery on the part "One of your relatives", he commented. Jackson, Mississippi; Macon, Georgia; Se- of Civilian Conservation Corps enrolees ' "Yes, by marriage", was her retort.

bring, Florida; Nashville and Knoxville, will be recognized by the award of a spe-

Tennesse, and at Montgomery, Alabama. cial certificate for valor.

Another thing: If you want wild flowers

Awards will be made by Director of in the woods, keep out fires.

Notions About Shelter Belt

Emergency Conservation Work, Robert

Seedlings

Fechner, upon recommendation of the com- Attend the annual meeting of the Geor-

Should tree seedlings to be planted in pany commander, supported by the evi- gia Forestry Association at Macon May 17-

the semi-arid west for the proposed shelter dence of eye witnesses.

18, and become forestry minded.

belt, be growl) under dry conditions? This is a mooted question among tree nurserymen.

CCC Men Attend Classes

"Control burning" is a good way to kill

Fifty-three per cent of the CCC men your children's tree crop.

Those who believe the seedlings should now in camps have enrolled in educational Saving the land from washing and the

be nurtured in an environment as much like classes conducted by camp educational su- forests from burning are vital to suste-

that in which they are to be planted as pos- pervisors, says Director Robert Fechner.

nance and housing of all the people. No

sible, claim that the nursery beds should According to the popularity of the wonder relief measures aimed at these re-

never be watered, nor shade given. The courses, vocational teaching is first with 43 sources are popular.

I idea seems to be that they should never ex- per cent. Others in their order are as fol-
perience anything but hardships, so as to lows: 18 per cent elementary work; 32 per

The spring floods have borne away in

prepare them for struggles with thirsty cent high school; 5 per cent college work muddy waters millions of tons of plant

lands and scorching winds.

and 2 per cent general,

food from unprotected soils.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

s

the best opportunities for practicing what A five tower detection system is being

FIRST DISTRICT

is learned in the classroom, and at the installed and in addition, 150 miles of tel-

Russell Franklin, Dist. Forester Rome

same time the students have more reason ephone line will be constructed to connect to take a deep personal interest in their the towers and available fire fighting home projects due to each home project be- forces.

T.P.O. Items

ing a demonstration of the students' initiative and ability. The student, in most cases, is also the one who more than likely will

Liberty T. P. 0.
The officers of the Liberty T. P. 0., with

Officials of Cherokee county called a receive the most benefit from improved the approval of the Forest Service, put on

meeting at the courthouse in Canton in the forests for he expects to some day own and a full time ranger, R. E. Banks, Jr. The

interest of forming a timber protective or- operate that farm.

ranger is now working on signing up new

ganization in that county. Some twenty"five I was particularly interested in the home members, blocking in existing T. P. 0. lands

business men attended the meeting and it project of a student from Preston High in order to make the T. P. 0. area as com-

was decided to send out notices for a meet- School in Webster County, Mr. T. E. pact as possible and at the same time, coling on April 23rd, to every land owner in Ritchie, vocational teacher. This student, lecting the assessments. Cherokee county. The county commissioner sorry I don't know his name, planted an It is hoped and plans are being made to

signified his willingness to cooperate with old field with cedar seedlings dug from the construct two more towers in this area,

the land owners by contributing the equiva- woods. He started this project a year or one near Willie and another near Wal-

lent of $600. a year toward the salary of a two ago and is adding to it each year. His thourville; also suff~cient telephone lines

secretary-manager for the county, this sec- rtrees are growing nicely, and with the in- will be constructed to connect the two new

retary-manager to direct the activities of itial investment of a little work, which by towers with the present detection system.

the T. P. 0.

the way never hurt anyone, this young A meeting will be held soon to consoli-

Gilmer County T.P.O.

man expects to have a valuable growing date the Liberty and Long T. P. O.'s, which capital in the form of growing trees. We will be covered by a five tower system.

The Gilmer County T. P. 0. is gradually know he will get much p~easure as well as being enlarged to cover portions of adjoin- profit from this project, and think what a

NewT. P. 0.

ing counties. This T. P. 0. was originally planned to just cover Gilmer county, but so many landowners have expressed a desire to enter this T. P. 0. that it was decided to enlarge it so as to take in those other counties bordering on Gilmer. This T. P. 0.

satisfaction it will be to him to know that he has transformed a piece of unproductive field into a profitable venture, and has checked soil erosion at the same time. I certainly hope more boys will plan worthwhile home projects next school year.

At a recent meeting of timber landown

ers in Metter, a T. P. 0. was formed. The

new T. P. 0. will operate under the name

of Canoochee T. P. 0. and cover lands in

Candler and Northeastern Tattnall Coun

ty.

I~

now has three towers with telephone con-

A Board of Directors was elected and

nections and is carrying on year-round pro- Ananias, Page "Brigham" Young the members are as follows: W. J. Brannen

tection work.

The more we think about it the more President of the T. P. 0. and Chairman

suspicious we get about that fishing trip A. J. Bird, vice-president; Fred Miller

"Brigham" Young told about in the April secretary-treasurer; J. I. Dekle and J. B

Review-you know, the one where the fog Holloway, members at large.

FOURTH DISTRICT W. G. Wallace, District Forester

got pretty "thick". We know "Brigham" The Board of Directors agreed to hire a for his modesty and we also know him to full time ranger and as soon as he has be a man whose veracity is unquestionable been approved by the Forest Service, will

Columbus Vocational Forestry News

-that is, we thought so. All we've got to begin his work of perfecting the organiza

say, Brigham, is save us some of that moun- tion by signing new members and collect

tain dew, oh, I beg your pardon-fog, I mean. We're coming up to fish in Lake

ing the assessments.

Much of interest was noted on final visits to vocational school forest projects. Outstanding were the accomplishments of the Hogansville High School, with Claude

Burton some time too, and we sure want the fish to be biting, yes, I'm speaking of that rare species of flying fish.

E. C. W. Notes
The three 100 foot, steel lookout towers purchased by Emanuel T. P. 0. will all soon

Bray as teacher of vocational agriculture. Students and teacher at Hogansville

SIXTH DISTRICT

be erected. Work on them is progressing very rapidly and is being done by men at

have used Saturdays and other available time to construct a lake and log cabin on their school forest. Early indications are that there will be quite a local demand for

Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester Savannah

P-61 Side Camp, located in Swainsboro. Mr. J. B. Lattay, formerly E. C. W. For
ester for the Savannah District and later

these recreational facilities by various civic clubs and other local organizations. Mr.

Ocmulgee T. P. 0.

used in the Waycross District on type map work, has accepted a position as District

Bray thinks the forestry club will be able to make a few badly needed dollars by renting its cabin on various occasions. The whole project has been a demonstration of

The Board of Directors, with the approval of the Forest Service, hired a full time ranger for the Ocmulgee T. P. 0.
Eugene Thomas is the new ranger and

Forester for the North Carolina Depart ment of Conservation and Development.
Mr. Lattay will be located at New Bern

what can be accomplished by a bunch of assumed his new duties on April 1st and N. C., or in a nearby district. We are sor

good fellows working together for a com- he is now busy signing up new members, ry to see Mr. Lattay leave Georgia but

mon cause. Mr. Bray and his students are collecting assessments and working up a hope he likes his new work. to be commended for their many other pro- bigger and better T. P. 0.

jects and activities in addition to the cabin The Ocmulgee T. P. 0. is composed of

and lake. On the whole, I am disappointed at the
seeming lack of interest taken by the students of this district in their home forest

lands formerly in the Ocmulgee, Little River and Dodge T. P. O.'s, which were consolidated into one organization and now contains 150,000 acres. The assess-

"What's this big item on your expense account?"
"Oh, that's my hotel bill."

projects. These home projects really offer ment is 2% c per acre.

"Well, don't buy any more hotels.''

6

FORE~TRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

FORESTRY EXAMINATION

middle Georgia where great transforma- 1 ARCHAEOLOGISTS MET AT

QUESTIONS FOR

tions have occurred under the CCC pro-

ELBERTON

CAMP SCHOLARSHIPS gram of work. Indian Springs is a choice The Spring meeting of the Society for

spot of natural beauty.

Georgia Archaeology was held Saturday,

Students of Vocational Agricultural For those who find it more convenient, April 6th, at Elberton. In spite of threat-

Schools Stood Tests April 20 at a day at Alexander H. Stephens Memorial ening weather and muddy roads, about 25

County Seats

Park, Crawfordville, will be found m(')st in- members and guests visited the Indian

teresting. Here too, the landscape artists mounds and village site near the junction

1-Name fifteen species of trees in your and CCC men have been restoring and of the Savannah and Broad rivers 15 miles

community.

have been creating a new surround park southeast of Elberton, and collected a

2-Name leaf characteristics of (a) Slash area. Inspiration from the life of a great large study collection of broken pottery

pine; (b) Longleaf pine; (c) Loblolly man and from nature await the visitor. for comparison with that found at other

pine; (d) Shortleaf pine.

Fort Mountain Park, beautiful for loca- village sites in the state.

3-What species of pine are used for nav- tion, with scenic approach and sweeping Dr. C. C. Harrold of Macon, president

al stores? Where do they grow in views from the mountain should be the of the society, was toastmaster and Dr. R.

Georgia?

mecca of many. It is under construction, P. Wright, of Erie, Pennsylvania, presi-

4-Describe methods of planting pine: and when completed will be most intriguing dent of the Pennsylvania Archaeological

(a) Ground preparation; (b) spacing because of the mysterious fort, as well as Association, was guest of honor, at a din-

of planted seedlings; (c) care of seed- one of the most attractive in the state.

ner at the Samuel Elbert hotel. The dinner

lings after their removal from the nur- 1 Not all the mountains of Georgia are in was followed by a meeting at the Elbertc;m

sery until they are planted; (d) how its northern area. Pine Mountain is in mid- Chamber of Commerce at which Dr. A. R.

the seedlings should be placed in the die Georgia and has its Pine Mountain Park Kelley gave an illustrated talk on the dis-

ground.

near Warm Springs. This is another new coveries at the Indian mounds at Macon,

5-Give main reasons for keeping fire out park under construction. Though incom- including the now famous council house,

of the woods.

plete, it is a place well worth visiting this buried Indian cornfield, and pit houses.

6-What general rules would you follow summer.

in improving and thinning an overstocked stand of pines that are 4 or more inches in diameter? How would you dispose of the thinnings?

Santo Domingo Park, near Brunswick historic, with the natural beauty of th~ Coastal Plains, now in course of construetion and beautification, and eventually to

March Publication of U. S. Bureau of Mines of Interest to Georgia Mineral Producers

?e 7-How would you collect, thresh and I a choice show _place of the state, is call- Information Circulars:

care for pine seed?

mg :o t~ose seekmg recreation, enjoyment 6155. Clay, by Paul M. Tyler. 66 pp.

8-What hardwoods would you cut f and mspiration.

1

making

(a)

handles;

(b)

staves

f oorr



Other ve1oped,

park are

sites near

selected, McRae

but and

not yet deAlbany in

barrels; (c) fence posts?

south Georgia.

9-In planning land use on a farm, what

areas would you use for growing

trees?

Clarke-McNary Allotment

10-How do forests influence water flow:

(a) erosion; (b) stream flow; (c)

Not Correctly Interpreted

(revised edition). 6825. Summary of drifting and cross-
cutting cost data, by C. F. Jackson. 14 pp., 17 figs. 6826. Sand and gravel excavation-Pt. 3: Hydraulic dredge, clamshell dredge, ladder dredge, and dipper dredge. 36 pp. 8 fig. 6835. Review of literature on effects of

water power?

In the April issue of this publication a

breathing dusts with special ref-

11-Why should a farmer know how to statement put out by the U. S. Forest Ser-

practice good forestry methods?

Ivice Regional Office in Atlanta concerning

12-Describe your home forestry project. the al~otment o: Clarke-McNary funds for

Georgia, was misconstrued. Instead of the

erence to silicosis, by D. Harrington and Sara J. Davenport. 68 pp. These may be obtained free of charge on application to Information Division, U. S.

sum of $146,855 all being made available to Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C.

MAY FOREST ATTRACTIONS

the Georgia Forest Service in its adminis-

LURE OF STATE PARKS tration of Clarke-McNary funds, only a CCC MEN REDUCE

~art of it is available. The sum mentioned

INCENDIARY FOREST FIRES

Forests in May are at the height of their mcluded state, federal and private land

I beauty in upper Georgia, while April in owner allotments instead of state alone

Incendiary fires in national forests have

I lower Georgia finds the bloom of trees,
shrubs and wild flowers at their best.

been reduced nearly 50 percent since the organization of the Civilian Conservation

Autoists and hikers will find May and The world production of rayon yarn Corps, ~ccording_ to a report forwarded_ by

June vegetation especially attractive in the during the year of 1934 has been estimat- F. A. Silcox, Chief Forester of the Umted

mountains, where rhododendron, kalmia ed at 788,855,000 pounds. The United States Forest Service, to Robert Fechner,

and azaleas, and many wild flowers are in States headed the list with over 210 000 _ Director of Emergency Conservation work.

bloom.

000 pounds.

' ' "The presence of the Civilian Conserva-

A trip to Vogel Park on the crest of Blue

tion Corps as an organized firefighting unit

Ridge Mountain will give anyone a rich ex-

has largely reduced the temptation to set

perience. Picturesque scenes, brilliant col- An act is pending in Congress whereby fires for the sake of employment", says Mr.

oring of the forest flora, the elevation and the federal government may purchase lands Silcox. "In the past many incendairy fires

change of one's daily circumstances, all for state forests, holding the title till the have been set by those who hoped to earn

will contribute recreational values to any- states acquire them.

a few dollars of government money in put-

one's life.

ting them out.

"Incidental to the maintenance and op-

Those who visit the park will see the new work of the CCC, making the park one of

YEAH, COME ACROSS

eration of the CCC camps, a large number of both Army and Forest Service trucks

which the state will be justly proud.

He-"Will you marry me?"

have been traveling the roads day and

Perhaps it is more convenient to visit Heiress--"No, I'm afraid not."

night. Each driver is a patrolman in fact

Indian Springs Park, the historic place in He-"Oh, come on, be a support."

and a deterrent to the incendiarist."

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

through hydration which causes a disrup-

MINERALS OF GEORGIA

tion of the mineral grains. The loosened grains are washed away by heavy rains or

Brief Accounts of Occurences and Developments of the State's

perhaps to a small extent are blown away by winds. The radially striped pattern of

Leading Minerals

the mountain's surface is due to rainwash

Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

whic:b. carries down iron oxides and organic matter to stain the slopes. Rainwash, how-

ever, has practically no erosive power as is

shown by the fact that rill-ways are crossed

STONE MOUNTAIN, GEORGIA country surrounding the mountain appears by thin delicate walls of granite and have

Geoffrey W. Crickmay

to be a relatively flat plain stretching out irregularly pitted surfaces quite unlike the on all sides as far as the eye can see. The smooth surfaces produced by stream ero-

Of all tbe scenic features of Georgia, plain is actually a rolling upland, the At- sion. The channels, like the weather pits,

Stone Mountain, situated 16 miles east of lanta Plateau, whose altitude ranges from are almost entirely the result of disintegra-

Atlanta, is not only the best known but is 1000 tQ 1100 feet. The plateau is underlain tion due to hydration.

by far the most distinctive. In form, the by banded rocks, most of them very mica- Exfoliation is another superficial fea-

mountain is an elongate dome of nearly ceous, which are far different from the ture that appears to- be due to weathering,

bare granite more than 650 feet high, ap- massiye granite of the mountain. The band- although the exact manner in which it de-

proximately one and a half miles long and ed rocks, or gneisses as they are called, are velops is somewhat obscure. The entire

three quarters of a mile wide, with the much less resistant to erosion than granite surface of the mountain is made up of

longer axis in a northwesterly direction. and it is for this reason that they have granite layers, called exfoliation shells,

The south side of the dome is a moderate- been worn down by meandering streams in concentrically arranged to conform to the

ly steep slope but the north side is a pre- ages past, leaving the more durable gran- surface of the dome. In places the shells

cipitous and imposing cliff. The accompany- ite as a prominence.

have been partially peeled off by the na-

ing block diagram is a birds-eye view of The granite, however, is not by any tural quarrying of tree roots and other

the mountain as seen from the east. In or- means immune to the destructive action of agencies but, contrary to popular belief,

.L-.Lh_L

Figure 1-Block diagram of Stone Mountain as viewed from the east, showing geologic structure on sides and on cross section.

der to show the geologic structure the block has been cut in half and pulled apart.
Stone Mountain is climbed by a trail that follows the long axis of the dome from a point on the highway near the northwest end, one mile east of the town of Stone Mountain. The crest, which is marked by an airplane beacon and a U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey monument, has an altitude .of 1686 feet. From this vantage point, the

the weather. Irregularities, ranging from broad saucer-shaped depressions to pits resembling the pot-holes of stream channels, dimple the surface of the mountain, particularly the upper slopes. Rain water that collects in these depressions causes a partial decomposition of minerals which so weakens the rock that it readily crumbles to a sand. The rotting of stone by water appears to be due to an increase of volume

the configuration of the dome is not determined by exfoliation, as demonstrated by two facts. There is practically no debris at the base of the mountain where such blocks would be expected to fall and collect as talus. The slabs that appear to be perilously near falling down the mountain side are etched by weather pits showing that they have been there a very long time and in all probability will remain in their pre-

8

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

carious positions for a long time to come. ly operations were confined to easily acces-

Stone Mountain, whose volume is rough- sible ledges of partly decomposed granite. ly twenty billion cubic feet and whose The use of this inferior stone lead to an

FROM A GEOLOGIST'S

weight exceeds a billion and a half tons, is unwarranted condemnation of a:I southern only a small part of a much larger mass of granites by many builders. This early pre-

NOTEBOOK

granite which occupies an oval area meas- judice has now been entirely removed by

uring five miles in length and two miles in width. This great body of granite was intruded as a molten rock into the surrounding gneisses as a batholith, a name applied to all large masses of intrusive rock. The term batholith means simply "depth-rock", corresponding to bathosphere or "depthsphere", and implies that the rock crystallized at great depth, prehaps half a mile or

modern quarrying methods in which all unsound surface stone is discarded and granite production has come to be one of the state's leading mineral industries. The most extensive quarries are located on the south side of the dome. Here the exfoliation planes, conforming to the slope of the mountain, are cut by a well defined set of vertical joints, thus greatly facilitating

Richard W. Smith, State Geologist, has been appointed to serve on the Executive Council of the newly organized Industrial Minerals Division of the American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers. This division is composed of members of the Institute interested in nonmetallic minerals.

more below the ground surface. The Stone the easy quarrying of the stone.

Mountain batholith is relatively small com- The mineral collector wri find many Of interest to Georgia's gold miners is pared to some other batho!iths of the specimens at Stone Mountain to enrich his an article in the April, 1935 issue of Min-

state.

cabinet. Besides the relatively common feld- ing and Metallurgy (Amer. Inst. of Mining

When the molten rock, or magma as it spar, quartz and mica, the following more and Metallurgical Eng., 29 W. 39th St.,

is called, was forced up from deep within uncommon minerals are to be found:

New York, N. Y., $.50) on "Problems in

the earth, the gneisses of the Atlanta Pia- Tourmaline is a black aluminum silicate the Flotation of Gold", by R. A. Pallanch

teau must have covered the present site of containing boron and hydrogen. The min- of the U. S. Smelting, Refining and Milling

the mountain for otherwise the magma eral occurs in pegmatite veins and as ra- Co.

would have chilled and cooled so quickly diating groups of crystals in the granite.

that it would have become glassy instead These tourmaline "knots" are characterof coarsely crystalline. It would, in other istic of Stone Mountain granite and as the words, have looked more like lava than mineral is quite stable their presence is in granite. But the roof of the batho:ith was no way detrimental. Some of the tourmanot very strong for blocks were worked line crystals attain considerable size-one loose and sank into the invading magma. A specimen was found with a length of more few of these blocks, frozen in the granite than a foot and a half. Very rarely the as it were are to be found on the mountain tourmaline is found in very fine-grained, side to p;ove the nature of the overlying ' narro.;, veinlets.

The .United Clay Mines Corporation, Trenton, New Jersey, Clyde W. Hall, vice president, has leased the H. A. Walden property on the Central of Georgia Railway near Mcintyre, Wilkinson county. This property, according to State Geologist Richard W. Smith, contains a large deposit of soft white kaolin which will be mined

rocks _that have been entirely removed by Garnet is a pink to red iron aluminum and shipped east for use as a paper filler

erosion.

silicate. It occurs in small but distinct crys- and in the manufacture of white ware pro-

As the magma slowly cooled crystals tals in some of the pegmatites and in a ducts.

started to form, much like the sugar crys- dense form in narrow veinlets. The min-

tals that form in honey, until finally all eral is most abundant in the quarries on the the upper part of the batholith became south side of the mountain.

In Justice to Chief Sawnee

solid granite, except for the so-called "gran- Uranophane is a calcium uranium sili- An injustice done to a north Georgia

ite juices" which remained liquid only by cate of canary yellow color. It occurs as a mountain in 1887 has just been rectified,

virtue of their high content of water and coating on the surfaces of major joints as- according to State Geologist Richard W.

dissolved gases. These "juices" possessed sociated with a glassy variety of opal Smith. The Department of Forestry and

a remirkable power of penetration for known as hyalite. The radium content of Geological Development has been notified

they found their way into an. the cracks the granite, which has been found to be by the Division of Geographic Names of

and joints that developed in the cooling greater than that of any other granite in the United States Department of the In-

granite and even wedged their way be- the eastern United States, is thought to be terior that it has decided that the official

tween the individual mineral grains of the related to the abundance of uranophane. name of the mountain near Cumming in

rock. Minerals crystallizing from the Spring water from near the base of the Forsyth county, Georgia, is Sawnee and

"juice!>" as veins, formed a new rock known mountain is also found to be unusually not "Suwanee' as it is given on the govern-

as pegmatite, which differs from the gran- radioactive.

ment topographic map of the region made

ite mainly in being very much coarser grained. The pegmatites of Stone Mountain are characterized by the mineral tourmaline which contains the gas boron as an

New Director, Forest Experiment Station, Asheville

Iin 1887 by the United States Geological Survey.
l This famous landmark of north Georgia,
according to Mr. Smith, was named Saw-

essential part of its composition. Veins of C. L. Forsling has succeeded E. H. Froth- nee's Mountain by the first -white settlers

pegmatite are well displayed in an old ingham as director of the Southern Appa- after an ~ld Cherokee Indian chief who liv-

quarry where the trail starts its ascent of lachian Experiment Station at Asheville, ed in the vicinity. It went by this name,

the mountain.

N. C. Mr. Forsling was formerly director of with slight variations in spelling, until the

The Stone Mountain granite is a coarse- the Inter-mountain Experiment Station at government erroneously gave it the same

grained, grey rock composed mainly of Ogden, Utah, with 20 years experience in name as the town of Suwanee on the

four minerals, feldspar, quartz, biotite or the U. S. Forest Service.

Southern Railway in Gwi:t,mett county.

black mica, and muscovite or white mica,

Both names have appeared in literature

named in the order of decreasing abund- C. H. Carson, vice president of the Car- since that time, although the local inhabi-

ance. The remarkably uniform character of son Naval Stores Company of Savannah tants have stuck to the name Sawnee. To

the granite and the complete absence of and Jacksonville, has been selected chair- clear up the confusion, Mr. Smith submit-

iron sulphides are qualities that make Stone man of the Naval Stores Section of the Sa- ted the evidence on both sides to the Divi-

Mountain granite a structural stone unex- i vannah Chamber of Commerce. C. T. The- sion of Geographic Names, which decided

celled anywhere. The stone has been quar-j us of the Farie Naval Stores Company, Sa- that the original name of Sawnee shall

ried intermittantly since 1845 but the ear- vannah, was elected vice chairman.

henceforth be used.