Forestry-geological review [Apr. 1935]

DEPARTMENT OF" FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMEN

Vol. 5

ATLANTA, GA., APRIL, 1935

No.4

SILCOX LAUDS SOUTH FOR

I mills in cut-over and abandoned wastes.

PLENTY PULP WOOD FOR

FORESTRY OPPORTUNITIES The address of Mr. Silcox made a pro-

NATION'S USE IN SOUTH

found impression upon his hearers, and re-

Southern Pines with Numerous Pro- ceived cordial approval.

Federal Survey of 17,348,100 Acres

ducts and Rapid Growth Source General George Van Horn Moseley, an- in Southeast Reveals 104,734,000

of Great Wealth-Speaks at At- o_ther one of the guests, spoke briefly, par- Cords of Pulping Wood - Small

lanta

tlcularly of the CCC work.

Part of Total in South

F. A. Silcox, Chief Forester of the United States, native of Columbus, Georgia, at a luncheon March 20, tendered by President T. G. Woolford of the Georgia Forestry Association, said that southern pines with their products of naval stores, pulpwood,

FEDERAL FIRE CONTROL FUNDS INCREASED FOR GA.
Under the Clarke-McNary law, the federal allotment to Georgia for forest fire control has been increased to $146,855, the largest sum ever made available. These

Southeastern units of forest lands, first covered by the federal forest survey now in progress, and from which data are now available, reveal 104,794,000 cords of pulping wood on 17,348,100 acres of land. Other units extending from North Carolina to

lumber, poles, etc., and their very rapid funds have to be offset by state or private Texas inclusive are to be heard from. The growth offer exceptional commercial possi funds in order to become available. Geor- first three are only a small part of the to~

bilities. Mr. Silcox had just finished a tour of
southeast Georgia, where private forestry is practiced on a large and efficient scale.

gia has never been able to match federal offers, and therefore has never obtained the full benefits of federal aid.
It now appears that the large increase in

tal to be reported. The first three units referred to are lo-
cated in southeast Georgia, southwest South Carolina and northern Florida. In

He spoke in praise of what he saw and said acreage of the timber protective organiza- the Georgia unit there are 44,966,000

that he could see no reason for public ac- tions, and the interest aroused in a number cords; in the South Carolina unit 23,427 , quisition of forest lands in that region. of counties to employ one or more forest 000 co~ds and in the Florida unit 45,063,-

Private forest management, he held, is de- patrolmen, make the prospects brighter for 000 cords.



sirable and to be encouraged, but that using the full amount of federal aid.

Classified as to pines and pulping hard-

where forest resources are neglected to the Heretofore, practically all Clarke Mc- woods, in the Georgia unit there are 29,-

detriment of public welfare, public owner- Nary funds have gone to members of the 703,000 cords of pine and 15,263,000 cords

ship as a last recourse, is advisable. Erosion timber protective organizations in Georgia, of hardwood; in the South Carolina unit,

control to conserve the soil and to lessen on the basis of a 50 cents refund for every 12,709,000 cords of pine and 10,718,000

floods and develop water power, was em- dollar expended on approved forest fire cords of hardwood; in the Florida unit, 29,-

phasized, some striking examples being giv- control measures.

703,000 cords of pine and 15,703,000 cords

en of recent experience in California In view of the fact that forest patrolmen of hardwoods.

where, on one side of a watershed, numer- may get half of their salaries paid from In a press dispatch from Savannah,

ous quantities of soil and boulders poured federal funds, an increasing number of the Charles H. Herty, developer of southern

into a reservoir, whereas, on a forested counties in Georgia, in their effort to edu- pines for newsprint, says that the reports

slope on the other side, only clear water cate the people against forest burning and to date cover 17,348,100 acres, and that if

issued.

to organize citizens to fight forest fires, are we put the increment of growth on this

As the son of a cotton merchant, and employing men ef this type.

acreage at only one cord per acre per year,

from his general knowledge of cotton, Mr. By reason of Georgia having the largest we would have an annual production of

Silcox said he could not work up any en- timber area, this state gets the largest al- 17,000,000 cords. This annual yield added

thusiasm about the future of cotton, but he lotment of fire control funds in the south. to the 104,000,000 cords on the land, he

found it easy to be enthusiastic about the

said, it is very plain that in this surveyed

future of southern pines.

FEBRUARY FOREST FIRES

area of the southeast, in which there is no

Mr. Silcox asked those interested in for-

IN AREAS CCC CAMPS paper mi:l, there is more than enough pulp-

estry in Georgia to be critical, to formulate In F'ebruary there were 463 fires in wood to be had to supply the entire needs

plans for forestry development in the state, areas now in charge of CCC camps, burn- of the United States.

to let the federal forest service have an op- ing over an area of 57,589 acres and doing Other reports forthcoming from areas

portunity to discuss the plans to the end a total damage estimated at $72,950.

throughout the southern pine belt, of

that there would be close cooperation in at- The causes assigned are railroads 10, course, will reveal an enormous increase

taining the desired ends.

campers 1, brush burners 28, incendiary in the figures given, and will overwhelm-

The forested lands of the country were 234, naval stores burning 28, range burn- ingly refute any claim that the south is not

not contributing their fair share to the so- ing 31, miscellaneous 131.

abundantly prepared to supply the wood

eial and economic welfare of the people. The average per fire is nearly 125 acres. needed for the paper demand of this coun-

He wanted forest management for sustain- The largest acreage burned over was at- try.

ed yields and permanent sawmills and tributed to incendiary origin, that is, burn-

wood working industries, and no more of ed on purpose. This area totaled 30,243 Scars left on hardwood trees by the re-

the tragic ghost towns of departed saw- acres.

cent fires will start eating cancers.

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review
Published Monthly by the

INTEREST IN SOUTHERN PINE COST OF INVENTORY AND FOR PULPWOOD GROWS SELECTIVE CUTTING SURVEY
According tQ studies made by the South-

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta C. A. WHITTLE, Editor

Paper Manufacturer in England Orders Shipment 'Southern Pine -Newspaper Publishers Organizing a Paper Plant in South

ern Forestry Experiment Station on mixed pine and hardwood stands, an inventory and marking for selective cutting cost less than % cent per thousand feet of standing timber, based on a 2% per cent timber

Forestry Division
B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester and Secretary of Commission Atlanta
C. A. Whittle, Educational Mgr,,____Atlanta H. M. Sebring, Asst. State Forester, Atlanta Russell D. Franklin, Dist. Forester____Rome W. D. Young, Dist. Forester______ Gainesville C. B. Beale, District Forester______Waycross Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester____ Savannah C. N. Elliott, District Forester______Augusta H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester____Albany W. G. Wallace, District Forester__Columbus Mrs. N. N. Edwards, Secretary _____Atlanta Mrs. R. S. Thompson, Trsasurer_____Atlanta

Interest in using southern pines for making newsprint paper is not abating, but has received new impetus by reason of an order for southern pulp by the Edward Lloyd Paper Manufacturing Company of London, England, reported to be the largest paper mill in the world. The company has heretofore depended largely on red spruce from Sweden and Norway.
Sti'l further interest has been created by the determined effort of the publishers of several southern newspapers to organize a

cruise. Where a detailed inventory included a 100 per cent cruise of trees 13 inches in diameter and over (4% feet from the ground), the marking of trees to be cut and a detailed map on nearly 3,000 acres cost 1 cent per thousand feet of timber to be cut, or slightly over % cent per thousand feet, if the total stand is considered. The stand averaged 7,000 feet per acre.
Beetle Damage Heavy
According to studies made in Oregon and

paper mill in the south to supply their Washington, the U. S. Forest Service re-

Geological Division R. W. Smith, State Geologist _________ Atlanta G. W. Crickmay, Asst. State Geologist,
_ -----------------------~------------Atlanta Lane Mitchell, Asst. State GeoL__ Atlanta Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk______________Atlanta

needs. A successful consummation of their efforts is reported practically assured.
Other movements about which little is made public are quietly in progress, and are believed to hold promise of certain success. Southern initiative and local capital

ports that beetles have destroyed more timber during 5 years ending with 1933 than the sawmills have cut, or the damage fires have done.
A campaign of beetle control, by the U. S. F'orest Service, the state forest services

offered to help finance a paper mill, seem to and private owners is being conducted.

BEST KIND OF CUPS

promise the most immediate results.

FOR COLLECTING GUM

Future of Lumber Code

Tests have been conducted by the United States Bureau of Chemistry and Soils to '"disclose which kind of cups are most serviceable and durable. Longleaf pines were chipped at the Naval Stores Station, Lake City, Florida, in 1933 and 1934, and the chipping wi!l continue. The results, therefore, represent two years work.
From a statement made by the federal agencies, the following is taken:

RENFROE PLANTS BED TO SLASH PINE SEED

Marion Renfroe, Quitman, who has gain-

ed wide reputation with the remarkable re-

sults of his pine-corn plantings, is branch-

ing out in his forestal undertakings,. This

year he has established a seed bed of near-

ly an acre in which he is growing slash

pine seedlings.

,

Representatives of the Georgia Forest

Wilson Compton, general manager of the National Lumber Manufacturer's Association, says of the future of the lumber code:
"As to the Lumber Code, it means minimum prices are out, and to stay out. It puts up to the industry the control of production. If there is too much industry resistance to production regulation, out that will go, too. That, it would seem, is fair enough. But if it goes out, direct Govern-

"Clay cups co:lect gum that gave the Service who visited his plots in March ment control goes in."

highest grades of rosin recorded in the found the bed well located on naturally

tests-from X at the beginning of the 1933 season to N at the end, and from WW at the beginning of the 1934 season to WG and N at the end. Zinc and aluminum cups of rectangular shape gave almost as good grades as the clay cups, from X at the beginning to N at the end of the 1933 season, and from WG to M at the end of the 1934 season. Rectangular galvanized iron cups gave rosin grading from X at the beginning to I and K at the end of the 1933 season and from WG to as low as G at the

moist land, and the seed beginning to
sprout. Renfroe will not undertake to grow corn
again between his pines, which four seasons of growth have attained, in the case of slash pine, an average of four inches in diameter and considerable height and spread, making the ground between the rows of pines too shaded to grow a corn
crop. The area is, however, still subjected to
cultivation as an experiment to determine

Philippine "Mahogany"
The use of the term "mahogany" in connection with Philippine woods not mahogany, is contested by the Hardwood Manufacturers Institute, the Mahogany Association and the American Hardwood Association. The federal trade commission had ruled that a qualifying word "Philippine" could be used. The petitioners claim that such descriptive term does not protect the public.

end of the 1934 season. No painted cup yet its effect on the rate of growth.

tested has proved satisfactory. The coat-

"Peppe~int", C.C.C. Paper

ings of such cups soon cracked and wore off badly permitting the rosin to be discolored

German Forests

A CCC camp publication, issued by Company 1450 at Douglas, Georgia, is entitled

by iron which resulted in the production of In the February issue of the Forestry- "Peppermint", and as the name would in-

K and I grades towards the end of the first Geologicial Review, the statement was made dicate, it is a spicy publication. The edi-

season.

that Germany as a nation does not own torial staff consists of Henry W. Derden,

"Paper liners gave as low as H and I forest lands. This was stated to show that advisor; Julian Pipkin, editor; with Ernest

grades rosin at the end of the first season. Hitler in issuing an edict about forestry Mink, Hamilton Harrel, Olin Hensen,

Shellacked cups and lacquered cups were management was assuming undue authori- George Miller and J. C. Cox, contributors.

no better than galvanized iron. Bakelited ty. To correct a possible misconception that Business firms of Douglas are supporting

cups installed during the second year gave there are no public owned forests in Ger- the publication with advertisements.

for one year almost as good results as did many, the article may have created, it is

the zinc and aluminum cups during the second year. Their use will b!l continued this year."'

hereby explained that the provinces and towns of Germany own 52 per cent of the forest lands.

Tree plantings today are the children's safest legacy.

likely

to

be

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

GEORGIA'S LEADERSHIP

AGAINST FEDERAL FOREST OWNERSHIP
Statements made in the American Forestry Digest and the Forestry-Geological Re-

FORESTRY QUESTION BOX

FIRST DISTRICT
Russell Franklin, Dist. Fores~ Rome

view by Governor Eugene Talmadge, T. G.

Woolford, president of the Georgia Fores- Why do foresters recommend that pine

TPO Items

try Association, State Forester B. M. Luf- seedlings be placed in a bucket of muddy Mr. Sam Tate, of Tate, Ga., called

burrow, Alex K. Sessoms, Cogdell, and water as soon as taken from the ground? a meeting of Pickens county landowners

Hon. James Fowler, Soperton, against fed- Drying out of pine roots is very certain for Monday, March 18th, in the interest of

eral acquisition of forest lands for com- to result in the death of pine seedlings. Ex- a county-wide Timber Protective Organiza-

mercial development, has stirred up nation periments have shown that when exposed to tion for that county. The county commis-

wide comment and approval.

the sun or wind for only ten minutes, 5 per sioners have signified a willingness to co-

In forestry circles Georgia is looked to as cent of the seedlings die; when exposed 20 operate with the landowners in making this

the leader in championing private forestry. minutes, the rate of mortality is 10 per a succes~t.

Opposition to federal acquisition of forest cent; 30 minutes, 70 per cent; 45 minutes,

lands for commercial development in com- 90 per cent; and an hour, probably 100 per Much interest is being shown in this dis-

petition with privately owned' forests, has cent loss.

trict in the possibilities of the county-wide

been consistently maintained by the Geor- Muddy water is considered preferable to system of forest fire control. It is very evi-

gia Forestry Association for several years. clear water because of its tendency to coat dent that a little opposition on the part of

Foresters in various parts of the country the roots and keep the sap from issuing any of the members, or the county commis

have expressed their approval of Georgia's from the roots into the water.

sioners to this type of organization would

position in the matter.

kill the whole thing. It is my opinion that

How can one distinguish a young loblolly the fire protection benefits from this type

North Carolina Forestry Association Favors Federal Purchase With Limited Harves.ting
At its annual meeting, the North Caroina Forestry Association adopted a resolution endorsing further acquisition and development of state and federal forests for the purposes of timber growing and demonstration in forest management, and recommended that timber grown on public forests should not be harvested and manufactured except in emergency, through private agencies.

from a young slash pine? A young slash that for any reason is not
growing needles to full length, may be easily confused with a thrifty young loblolly. Both have clusters of two and three needles, but the loblolly has decidedly more three needles to the cluster than two, whereas the slash has a more nearly equal amount of each.
The length of the needles of loblolly is normally 6 to 8 inches, whereas slash is normally 8 to 12 inches long.
The shape of the needles differs. The slash is semi-circular with a flat base, as if

organization are not as great as received from the private type, due to the fact that every one in the county is not in favor of 100 per cent fire protection.
On the other hand, the county wide system is proving very valuable from the standpoint of being able to use the money to hire a good man to contact the individual landowners and actually find out and write down the names of the ones interested in fire protection, and to sign up those interested.
The policy followed in this district is to divide the county into units according to

a round needle had been cut in half, the interest shown, and to further divide

CCC Forestry Classes

whereas, the loblolly has a flat arch and an these units into more or less solid protected

By Vocational Forester angular base.

areas so that the patrolmen and others will

L. F. Morey, secretary-treasurer of a timber protective organization, according to "Peppermint", a CCC publication issued at Douglas, is giving classes in forestry to the camp boys. This is a voluntary work of Mr. Morey's and is much appreciated.
Morey is a vocational forester, havin2' received his certificate from the Georgia Forest Service at its vocational forestry camp. He hails from Sale City, and previous to taking up his present work was foreman in a CCC camp.

What is meant by selective cutting? It means a system of forest management whereby relatively frequent crops may be obtained, as opposed to clean cutting and less frequent harvesting. In carrying out the sustained yield plan, a minimum diameter of trees to be cut is established and only the maturer trees are cut. Care is taken to preserve the younger trees in felling and logging, care of slash, fire protection and the promotion of natural reforestation.

know just where to work and where more can be accomplished.
The value of these men hired in the county is doubly felt when the necessity of calling a meeting arises. Everyone knows the obstacles encountered when going into a new area and trying to work up a TPO. When a local man is on the ground to spend his time and energy contacting the landowners and seeing that they attend the meetings, many of these obstacles are erased. Taken as a whole I think. that the county-wide system is capable of rendering

Bee Tragedy

Those who favor selective cutting to good service. clean cutting of even-age trees believe that

A pitiful spectacle recently encountered greater production per unit area can be

Appreciation of the "Review"

11 south Georgia was a number of bee hives obtained.

Every district forester and all others

n the edge of a pine forest blackened with

who have had articles to appear in the

burning. The scourge of fire had fallen up-

Correction

"Review" realize the value of this paper,

on all the forested land for three or four In the February issue, an, error was It is our one and only chance to give vent

miles.

made as to the amount of pine seed to be to our expressions and ideas and see them

If one wanted to starve honey bees, used in planting a 12 x 4 seed bed. The in- appear in print. It is the only way that we

burning off the forests is a successful way. tention was to recommend the use of one- can pat ourselves on the back, tell every-

half a pound, but it has been customary body how hard we are working and what

"It is queer how a blunt statement is to recommend more for inexperienced peo- we are accomplishing. I know that we get

also a sharp one"-Southern Lumberman. ple.

new ideas from the reports of the district

foresters appearing each month in the

No one has proposed taxing one's pa- The heaviest tax imposed on forest land "Review", and that sometimes it causes us

tience, realizing perhaps that it has been and often willingly paid, is collected by to get a new slant on some phase of the

taxed enough.

fire.

work that has probably puzzled us before.

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

SECOND DISTRICT

of the new forestry club recently organized at Logansville.

FOURTH DISTRICT

W. D. Young, Dist. Forester,

Fire Breaks Protect State Forest

W. G. Wallace, District Forester

Gainesviile

AUGUSTA, Ga. - The entire area

Columbus

around Gwinn-Nixon State Forest in Rich-

Tree Nursery Notes
Beds are being prepared and planting will begin the first week in April at the north Georgia nursery.
Black locust seed have been secured and if germination is successful, seedlings will be available for distribution next planting season.
The north Georgia nursery will be able to supply black walnut, loblolly pine and black locust next planting season.
Flying Fish

mond county has been burned over during the past four months, but the forest itself, protected by fire breaks and darkies who live near it, has been kept free from fire. After two years of protection, natural pine reproduction is appearing over the entire area. Approximately 50,000 seedlings, longleaf and slash pine, black walnut, red cedar, cypress and black locust, have been planted on the 100 acre demonstration tract.
Want a Forest Fire Patrolman

Houston County Organizes TPO
A" group of determined citizens of Hous ton county attended a meeting at the courthouse in Perry on March 2nd and organized the Houston County TPO. Mr. W. T. Middlebrooks, county agent, called the meeting and is largely responsible for the successful beginning made. Mr. Middlebrooks, who he:ped organize a successful TPO in Screven county was selected as temporary secretary of the new Houston County TPO and is expected to be an important factor in its future success. Other

Lee J. Anderson, who is game technician'\ THOMSON, Ga.-McDuffie county re- officers are, J. Meade Tollerson, Pres., S.

for the U. S. Park Service in Georgia, told cent'y decided to put on a county patrol- A. Nunn, Vice-Pres., and W. E. Beckham,

me this one: He was fishing on Lake Bur- man. The county officials, county agent and Treas. A board of eight directors was also

ton last season in a boat. After a while a board of trade were in favor of the move- elected.

heavy fog came up. The fog was so thick ment, and went to the grand jury for a Much of Houston county is primarily ag

he couldn't see how to paddle, so he let the recommendation for such a movement. The ricultural land, but the TPO is to serve an

boat drift. He was getting plenty of bites, grand jury decided against it. Leading area of from 50,000 to 100,000 acres of

so he kept fishing. He had caught 15 big citizens of the county have taken the mat- practically unbroken timberland badly in

bass, when all of a sudden his boat drop- ter in their own hands and are working to need of protection. Apparently, more than

ped to the ground. The weather cleared and put on a county wide patrolman through half of this area has burned over this win-

he found he had been fishing on the land 50 donations from the land owners of the ter and spring, amounting to damage total-

feet from the lakeshore. They must've had county.

ing many thousand dollars. Ample protec-

wings.
Accommodating Dog

Piedmont Plantation Project

tion will enable this natural timber raising
i country to resto?k with full stands of pin~

Cliff Arline writes me this one from EATONTON, Ga.-The most extensive and to produce 1ts owners a much greater

Thomas county. He states that he has a work on the Piedmont Plantation project profit from the many benefits received from

most remarkable bird dog. While hunting will be in forestry. It has been found that keeping fire in the woods down to a mini

in February down in the piney woods, hi~ dog pointed. He eased up behind the dog in shooting position, and a single bird flew up, which he immediately killed. He loaded his single barrel gun, took another step and another single bird flew up, which he also killed. This went on until he had killed 10 birds. Upon investigation he found that his dog had pointed the birds in a gopher hole and had his legs covering it so as to let one bird out at a time.

approximately 68 per cent of the entire 150,000 acres involved in the project is in forest land, and an extensive program for the development of this area has be~n mapped out by the officials in charge. A complete fire control system with five fire towers, 15 telephones, a number of fire wardens, and many miles of fire breaks has been recommended. Planting, improvement cutting, a nursery-are all on the program. Erosion control and recreation are also

mum.
More About Direct Seeding of Longleaf Pine
In the March issue of the Review I had an article dealing with the spot planting of longleaf pine seed in the field where it is desired to reforest. I have not had reports yet on the success of recent plantings on sandy land in Taylor county. But I muflt report that a "gamble", recommended as

main features.

such by me, was tried on about ten acres of

THIRD DISTRICT
C. N. Elliott, District Forester Augusta

CCC Work at Crawfordville
CRAWFORDVILLE, Ga.-Unless there is a further change of plans, the CCC camp Sp-5, will be moved from Crawfordville on April 1. At that time the camp will have

open field in Meriwether county, and very unfortunately, the field mice had a grand feast. Planting of one-year nursery grown pine seedlings is therefore indicated as best choice here.
Thanks, Mr. Young

Young Farmer Practices Forestry completed two years of work on the Alex- Many thanks to District Forester Young

LOGANSVILLE, Ga.- Although Bruce ander H. Stephens Memorial Park, on the of Gainesville for so opportunely bringing

Gower has never had, until this school year, land of the Woodville TPO, and on the out the important educational value of

forestry training, for the past two years he State Hospital land at Milledgeville. There planting and raising pines as a hobby or

has been carrying on forestry work at his have been many changes in the army and otherwise. This was a constructive criti-

father's farm. He supervises all the cutting forestry personnel during that time, but cism, in March "Review", pf my article in

of winter wood, and is taking out undesir- the work has progressed rapidly and the February "Review".

able trees, as crooked trees, unprofitable smoothly. The main features of the work Since the subject has been brought up

species and thinning where the groves are on the park have been repairing the home and commented on favorably, let me sug-

too thick. In the cutting of winter wood of Alexander H. Stephens, landscaping the gest that the reader plan for a trial plant-

each year on his farm, the stands of tim- entire two hundred acres in the park, and ing of one or more acres in pines next sea-

her have been improved. Fire breaks have building a lake below the spot where the son. Write your district forester now for

been constructed around much of the area camp is now located. Most of the work done an order blank so that you can place an

on his farm, and seedlings set out on land will add permanent beauty and value to the early order for seedlings to be delivered

unprofitable for other uses. Bruce Gower park which lies around the home of the and planted next fall or winter. Start

should be one of the outstanding members Confederate States' Vice President,

something you will be proud of.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

5

creased to seven towers in the four coun- the two towers for the Wayne TPO and is

SIXTH DISTRICT

ties.

now supervising the construction of the

Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester

Director of E. C. W. Visits

wooden towers to be located at Chappel's Crossing and Zuta on the Brunswick-Penn.

Savannah

Mr. Robert Fechner, Director of Civilian area in Glynn county. This work is being

Conservation, Washington, D. C., accom- done by men from the Waynesville side

T. P. O.'s Consolidate

panied by State Forester Lufburrow and camp. Mr. J. M. Mallory, member of the Forestry

At a recent meeting held at the county and Geological Commission, visited Camp Camp P-84, Folkston-The TPO wooden

courthouse in McRae, delegates from three timber protective organizations voted to consolidate into one unit.
The thre,e old organizations, Ocmulgee in Telfair county, Dodge in Dodge county and the Little River TPO in Wheeler county, united and will operate under the name of Ocmulgee Timber Protective Organization.

P-81, Bloomingdale, Saturday, March 16th. towers at Winokur and Stokesville have

A delicious lunch was served by Captain been completed and are now in "opera-

Smith and after Mr. Fechner inspected the .tion", having had telephones installed and

camp buildings and equipment, the party towermen employed for same. Foreman

inspected the work in the field which in- Wilmer Jones who supervised the construc-

cluded fire breaks, truck trails, tower and tion of these towers has been transferred

telephone line construction.

to the camp at Douglas to erect the ECW

steel towers that are to be located on th~>

A board of directors was appointed and

Coffee-Jeff Davis TPO area.

the following men were named. R. F. Jordan of Lumber City, B. J. O'Connor of Jay Bird Springs, 0. N. Tharp of McRae,

SEVENTH DISTRICT C. Bernard Beale, Dist. Forester

General News
Telephone Engineer F. L. McClung, who

A. P. Smith, of McRae and Archie Coffee

Waycress

was transferred to this district several

of Eastman.

weeks ago, has done some very good work

New officers were elected, being selected from the men composing the board of directors. They are:
President, R. F. Jordan; Vice-President, B. J. O'Connor; Sec.-Treas., 0. N. Tharp.
There are 140,000 acres listed in the Ocmulgee TPO since the reorganization

C. C. C. Items
Camp P-52, Homerville-Superintendent T. H. Browne's boys turned out a good basket ball team this year. They played 21 games, winning 22. They won the district championship by defeating the team from

in revising the telephone systems of the various TPO's in this district. He has completed the plans for the Consolidated, Brant:ey, Camden and Brunswick-Penn. areas and is now working on the Wayne system.

and more land and members are anticipated. The board of directors approved the hiring of a full time assistant secretary-

Sebring, Florida, runners-up in the league. The boys at this camp are also interested in boxing.

Mr. J. B. Lattay, ECW forester, from the Savannah district, has recently been transferred to this district. Since arriving

ranger who will have full charge of directing all TPO activities and head up the entire system of protection work.

Camp P-59, Fargo-With the aid of the radio system in the Suwanee TPO area the boys at this camp are getting out to fires

here Mr. Lattay has been visiting the various camps and "setting" them right on type and strip mapping.

Assistant TPO Secretaries

J in record time and are holding fire losses to a minimum.

The Liberty TPO hired an assistant sec-

retary-ranger, effective March 18th, to take charge of protection activities on lands listed in this area and to coordinate all the work in order that the Liberty and Long organizations could be consolidated and the TPO expanded.
Mr. E. R. Banis, Jr., was selected" as

Camp P-60, Woodbine-Superintendent Elmer Dyal's boys have plenty of sport, since that area is noted for its game and fish. This recreation probably has a lot to do with the volume of work being done from this camp.

assistant secretary-ranger and immediately assumed his new duties. It is the aim of the TPO to keep this man employed full time and to take charge of all TPO activities in this section.

Camp P-62, Baxley-The boys at this camp have been doing most of their fire fighting at night but are holding their own in keeping fire losses to a minimum.

Chief Forester F. A. Silcox, Mr. Joseph C. Kircher, Regional Forester, Mr. C. F. Evans, Regional Forest Inspector, and Mr. B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester, were in this district several days during March on inspection of the work being done by the camps in southeast Georgia. While here they inspected the work being done by the Georgia F'orest Products Company in Camden county and Timber Products Company in Clinch county.
TPO NEWS ITEMS Berrien-Cook TPO Holds Meeting

Treutlen TPO

Camp P-65, Jesup-A dynamite demons- A group of landowners met with District tration was held at this camp February 21 Forester Beale and County Agent D. L.

A meeting will be held soon and all lands by the Dupont Powder Company. Repre- Branyon, March 23, with the object of re-

under protection in Treutlen, Montgomery, Laurens and Toombs counties will be listed

sentatives from most all of the camps and forest districts of the state were present.

organizing and developing this TPO. The district forester outlined the work neces-

in the Oconee Timber Protection Organization. The existing Treutlen and Oconee

Since then this camp has been experimenting to find if dynamiting is more economical

sary for the development of this area and from the interest shown by those present it

TPO's will be combined and enlarged. Mr. R. P. Marsh has recently been hired

in getting out stumps than pulling them with tractors.

is believed this TPO will increase its acreage sufficiently to become an active organ-

as assistant secretary-ranger and is at work

ization. Mr. Branyon, who is acting secre-

now signing new members, collecting as-

tary, and several of the landowners are

sessments and working toward the consoli- Camp P-68, Douglas-The side camp at very enthusiastic and are working hard to

dation of the existing units into one TPO. Pearson has been completed and is manned get this TPO to materialize.

The assistant secretary-ranger will be from this camp. Superintendent Tittle's

employed full time and will be held re- boys are doing some good work in this sponsible for ali TPO activities and pro section.

Brantley TPO Appoints New Secretary

tection work in the above four counties. It is hoped and expected that in the near future, the two tower detection system now in operation in Treutlen county will be in-

Camp P-70, Nahunta-Tower Foreman W. W. Garwood arrived here several days ago from the Jesup Camp. He has finished

Mr. E. G. Strickland was appointed secretary of the Brantley TPO to replace Mr. S. N. Smith, who resigned to accept a position with the Tennessee Valley Authority

6

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

in Knoxville, Tenn. While in the employ of High School, A. M. Pulliam, teacher; Fort the Brantley TPO Mr. Smith proved to be Gaines High School and Bluffton High

Building Made of Plywood
A unique construction method is being

an efficient and a very conscientious sec- School, J. A. Ariail, teacher; Ty Ty High used in a service and storage building now

retary, which accounts largely for the ac- School, J. H. Chapman, teacher.

going up on the grounds of the Forest Pro-

tiveness of the TPO today. We wish him The primary object of the trip was to ducts Laboratory at Madison, Wisconsin.

great success in his position with TVA.

establish a school forest where vocational The structure is over 220 feet long and 46

agricultural teachers have been located for feet in its greatest width. Outside wall pan-

Hurricane Creek TPO

the first time this year; to make forest man- els are of plywood cemented with hot-

Secretary P. B. Copeland has been busy 2.gement plans for the school forests and pressed phenolic resin glue, which is un-

signing up new members in the Pierce start the teachers on the field practices of usually rel"istant to moisture.

County section of this area. Landowners their forestry projects.

Unit panels of joist and plywood con-

in this section are becoming more enthusiastic and are showing a greater willing~ ness to cooperate than ever before.

struction are used for the main roof deck.

Flint River TPO

They are fastened to the arches with casein

The Flint River TPO now has a full glue. The arches are built up to heavy tim-

time, paid secretary. Decatur county is as- ber sizes by gluing 9-16 in. laminations to-

Coffee-Jeff Davis TPO

sisting the organization in providing funds gether

Secretary L. F. Morey has been plenty for his employment. He is employed in ad- A hi&"h, wide interior, unobstructed by

much on the "go" since getting his new dition to the patrolman who has been on columns, is provided through the use of

plow and tractor, and plowing secondary the job for a year.

moaern timber connectors in roof trusses

firebreaks for his members.

More interest is now being shown in made of built-up timbers.

This TPO will soon start work on its tele- protection work than at any recent time.

phone and tower systems. Locations for The organization's pool fund is increasing three towers have been selected. One TPO r2pidly and the goal of a tractor and plow

Spanish Moss

steel tower and two ECW steel towers will for break maintenance is within sight.

Spanish moss, which is so common

be erected in this area. The plans for the A new ECW tower has arrived and will throughout the far South, is technically

telephone system have not been completed soon be erected together with a system of not a moss but a bromeliad or a member of

but the installation of the system will be telephone lines into a part of the territory the pineapple family. It is known botanical-

started as soon as possible.

which heretofore has not been so served. ly as Tillandsia usenoides and has many

This will add much to the effectiveness of popular names such as Flqrida moss, New

Charlton TPO Appoints Full Time the present tower and system through Orleans moss, tree-beard, vegetable wool,

Secretary

check readings on fires which are now near etc. Spanish moss is commonly used for

At a recent meeting of the Charlton the limit of visibility. County TPO Executive Committee, Mr. L.

stuffings for mattresses, horse collars, au-
! tomobile upholstery, and packing material.

Jasper Stokes was appointed as full-time

PERFECT ALIBI

The seeds of bromeliads are produced in

secretary.

Prosecutor: "Your Honor, I shall have to enormous numbers and are scattered far

Mr. Stokes is proving to be an enthu- ask that this defendant be discharged; we and wide by the wind, for the seeds have

siastic and capable secretary and has in- have just learned that at the time the attachments for floating in the air after

creased the acreage in the TPO consider- crime :.as committed this man was in the manner of milkweeds and dandelions.

ably since his appointment.

jail."

Spanish moss is found principally growing

Judge: "In jail! Prisoner, why didn't you on cypress and the broad-leaved trees. How-

say so before?"

ever, on wet sites, it occurs on several

EIGHTH DISTRICT H. D. Story, Jr., Dist. Forester

Prisoner: "Your Honor, I was afraid it species of pine and cedar. It is an epiphytic

I would prejudice the jury again~ me."

(epi-surface, phyte-plant) plant, relying

upon its host solely for support, and this is

Albany

Southeast Lumbermen Would

evidenced by the fact that Spanish moss

Limit Federal Acquisition

frettuently occurs on telegraph wire and chicken ~wire fence, especially where shad-

Tree Nursery

A representative group of one hundred ed. Spanish moss, being a green plant, is

Whether Congress will release funds for lumbermen from the states of Virginia, not parasitic as commonly believed and, as

erosion work soon enough to establish tree North Carolina and South Carolina, met in f ar as 1 s 1'nown, 1 s harm1ess t o 1'ts host tree.
I seed beds to grow seedlings for planting Raleigh, on February 12, and adopted the -Southern Forestry Experiment Station.
this year on land that is to be reclaimed, following resolutions:

is a matter of much concern at the tree , RESOLVED that a limited acquisition of

nursery.

\ cut-over and timber lands by State and

PERFECT MATCH

If the order does not come too late for Federal governments is in the public inter- Pa-"The man who marries my daugh-

seed planting this season, the state nursery est for development of state and federal ter will need a Jot of money." can rally a large number of FERA work~ forests and parks; timber growing; dem- Him-"Then I'm just the man."

ers and do a quick job. Everything is onstration in forest management; stream

ready for the jump. The state's beds are all planted in good
shape. The area seeded is greater than ever before, being 246,000 square feet. This should produce 7% million seedlings having the following ratio: 50 per cent slash pine, 35 per cent longleaf pine and 15 per cent loblolly pine.

protection; recreation; wild life perpetuation; and the preservation of scenic and historic areas, and-
RESOLVED FURTHER that it is the sense of this meeting of lumbermen operating in the states of North and South Carolina and Virginia that we are unalterably opposed to the federal and state govern-

The whole mineral industry mourns the passing of Mr. Paul Gilreath, prominent citizen and ex-mayor of Cartersville, Georgia. Mr. Gilreath had done much to aid in the development of Georgia's mineral resources. His support and encouragement will be sorely missed by all who knew him.

ments and their subdivisions engaging in

School Forests Surveyed

the operation of industries competitive with State Geologist Richard W. Smith recent-

In company with Mr. C. A. Whittle, edu- private enterprises, and that the individuals ly spoke to tlie science survey classes of

cational manager, in late February, school engaged in this industry should forcefully the University of Georgia. His talk was ar-

forests were surveyed at Morven High make this position known to the Congress ranged to introduce that portion of the

School, A. P. Higginbotham, teacher; Meigs and our state legislatures.

course dealing with geology.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

die Georgia. The production in 1933 all

MINERALS OF GEORGIA

came from Sumter county and was largely used in the manufacture of alum salts for

Brief Accounts .of Occurences and Developments of the State's

use as a water conditioner. Cement: Portland cement was manufac-

Leading Minerals

tured from limestone and either shale or clay at two plants, one in Polk county and

Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

one in Houston county.

Clay (kaolin): Georgia produces nearly

65 per cent of the kao:in mined in the Unit-

THE MINERAL PRODUCTION OF such minera!s so as to conceal individual ed States for use as a filling and coating

GEORGIA FOR 1933
by
RICHARD W. SMITH

values.

clay in the manufacture of paper; as a fil-

The collection of the statistics of the mineral production of Georgia is undertak-

ler in the manufacture of rubber, oil cloth. and other products; and for use in the man~

en by the United States Bureau of Mines ufacture of china and other white ware. Its

The value of the mineral production of Georgia for 1933, including water power, was $18,740,930, an increase of nearly 20 per cent over that of 1932. Exclusive of water power, the value of the mineral production in 1933 was slightly less than that of 1932. This does not mean that Georgia is declining as a mineral producing state.

and the United States Bureau of Census, with the cooperation of the Division of Geology of the Georgia Department of F'orestry and Geological Development. The gathering of this information is a slow process, as many firms do not report their productions until considerable time has elapsed.

use in these products is l~>rg-<>ly replacing thP English clay formerly Ulled. It is also used in the local manufacture of high grade fire brick and other refractories. This sedimentary kaolin was mined in 1933 in the following counties, named in order of the value of production: Wilkinson, Twiggs, Richmond, Washington, Hancock, Glascock, Baldwin, Houston, and Taylor. The 1933

The decline is largely accounted for by the figures for granite, marble, and Portland cement, and of these granite and mar-

Barite: Barite is a heavy white mineral which, when ground, is used largely in the manufacture of lithapone for use in paint.

production showed a marked increase over that of 1932, and preliminary figures indicate that the 1934 production may be the

ble showed increases in the tonnage pro- It is also used in the manufacture of ba- largest in history.

TABLE I THE MINERAL PRODUCTION OF GEORGIA FOR 1933

Clay Products: The production of brick, sewer pipe, and tile from Georgia clays, although amounting to over a million dollars

Material
- - -------~---

r 1933

Tonnage

Change from 1932

1933 Value

~-----

I in 1933, is still far below that of normal
Change from times. Common and face brick arid struc-

1932

tural tile are manufactured from the allu-

Clay

280,098

+20 '/o

$1,417,080

+18% vial clays of middle Georgia. Sewer pipe,

Marble Granite Clay Products Bauxite* Fullers Earth* Portland Cement*

48,950 554,280
{ }------- ---------

+10% +2.4 'lo
+110'1< + 7'7o -43%

1,404,876

-11% structural and roofing tile, and common

}

1,099,196 1,282,412
{ 1,.W9,876

-18%
+ 3% +110%
+ 2%

and face brick are made from the shales of northwest Georgia. The production will 1 probably increase with the recovery of the

---.!15% building industry.

Limestone, Lime

316,308

-38%

Talc* Slate*

} { } 19,197

-53% -14'7o

Mica & Chloride Schist*

+ 7%

288,830
{ 130,149

-38% -41 o/o -19%
+22%

Coal: Only one coal mine is reported in operation in Georgia; that of the Durham Land Company on Lookout Mountain in

Tripoli*

none in 1932

none in 1932 Walker county.

Sand and Gravel Barite* Ocher* Manganese* Coal* Iron Ore*
Gold and Silver

247,030

-15 o/o

} { 47,230

+52% +59 o/o

+ 1%

} { 41,684

+52% -68%

\ __ ----------------- --- --------------------

Total

Water Power

124,544
} { 337,397

}

77,564 {\

11,566t
$ 7,584,090 11,156,840

-2% +55% +63 o/o +47% +60% -63% +100%
-1.8% +24 o/o

Fullers Earth: Fullers earth is a variety o.f clay used mainly in refining oils. That produced in Decatur county is used with mineral oils, whereas that mined in Twiggs and Wilkinson counties is used mainly with vegetable oils.
Gold: Georgia's gold industry, already

Grand Total

I $18,740,930 - +19 o/o

stimulated by the depression, was greatly

*Less than three producers, so production and value cannot be shown separately. tStatistics for value of clay products are collected only on odd numbered years. The

increased in 1933 by the advance in the price paid for newly-mined gold. The 1933

value used for 1932 is estimated.

production was double that of 1932, and in

tThe value of the gold production is at the Mint valuation of $20.671835 per ounce. 1934 the production was probably again

If the average premium for newly mined gold had been used it would have added approximately $2,730 to the value of Georgia's gold production. The figures given include $23, the value of the silver recovered in the gold.

doubled. About 15 gold mines are in active operation and development work is in pro-

gress on a number of others.

duced although the value per ton was lower in 1933 than in 1932.
Table I below is a summary of the tonnage and value of Georgia's mineral production for 1933, together with the per-

rium salts, in the refining of sugar, in glazing pottery and enameling iron, and as a filler in the manufacture of paper and rubber. All of the 1933 production came from the Cartersville district of Bartow county.

Granite: The eight counties producing granite in 1933 are in order of the value of their production: DeKalb, Elbert, Madison, Warren, Henry, Oglethorpe, Hancock, and Pickens. The quantity produced in

centages of increase or decrease over the Bauxite: Bauxite, the oxide of alum- 1933 was slightly more than in 1932, but 1932 figures. The statistics for minerals of inum, was first discovered in America in the value per ton was less.

which there are less than three producers in Georgia are confidential and cannot be revealed. These minerals are marked below with an asterisk ( *) and their values have been reported in combination with other

1887 near Rome, in Floyd county, Georgia. Since that time it has been mined in Floyd, Bartow, and Polk counties in northwest Georgia and in Wilkinson, Macon, Randolph, Schley, and Sumter counties in mid-

Kyanite: A small amount of kyanite, and aluminum silicate used in the manufacture of refractories, was produced for the first time in Georgia in 1933. The deposit, located in Habersham county, consisted of a

8

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

surface accumulation. of kyanite crystals SURVEY OF OIL AND GAS

recently issued report of the Federal Plan-

from a kyanite-mica schist. The figures on STRUCTURES SOUTH GEORGIA ning Board.

this production are not available for inclu- State Geologist Richard W. Smith an- The Public Works program, for which

sion in the totals given in Table I.

nounces that he is negotiating with the U. the President has asked Congress to appro-

Iron Ore: Iron ore was mined in 1933 S. Coast and Geodetic Survey in an effort priate $8,000,000, iii expected, according to

by only one company, in Floyd county.

to get them to make magnetic and gravity Mr. Smith, to include the completion of the

Lime and Limestone: The only plant re- surveys in certain areas in south Georgia topographic maps long needed for all en-

porting a production of lime in 1933 was for the purpose of locating geologic struc- gineering purposes, a study of the surface

in Bartow county. The five counties produc- tures that might be favorable for the ac- and underground water resources of the

ing limestone, in order of value of their cumulation of oil and gas. Mr. Smith states United States, an inventory of the miner-

production are: Houston, Gilmer, Pickens, that the belief that oil and gas in commer- als deficient in America for war-time needs,

Bartow, and Polk. The larger part of this cial quantities may exist far beneath the and a study of the best utilization of the

production was used as a road material, but surface in south Georgia has led in the past so-called "surplus" minerals.

limestone, both crushed and ground, was to the drilling of a number of test wells, Mr. Smith states that Georgia would

used for many other purposes.

none of which have been successful. About benefit considerably if these plans are car-

Manganese: Seven companies in the Car- ten years ago the State Geological Survey ried out. The present plans call for the

tersville district of Bartow county and one made a thorough study of the possibilities completion of HlO topographic maps with-

in Polk county reported production of man- of oil and gas in Georgia and came to the in the State during the first five years. The

ganese or manganiferous iron ore in 1933. conclusion that, while there is a possibility study of the state's water resources would

Marble: The Georgia Marble Company, that oil and gas may exist in south Geor- give the information needed for the proper

with quarries in Pickens and Cherokee gia, it is not possible to locate the favorable location of paper and other manufacturing

counties, was the only producer of marble geologic structures from the surface geolo- plants. The mineral investigations would

in 1933. The production included a small gy. The geophysical survey that the Coast include such minerals as manganese, barite,

amount of serpentine or verde antique.

and Geodetic Survey would make would and mica, of which Georgia has large sup-

Mica and Chlorite Schist: No production serve to locate the most favorable areas in plies. It is expected that this work will be

of scrap or sheet mica was reported in which the test wells of the future should be financed entirely by Federal funds and will

1933. Chlorite schist, used principally as a drilled.

not require financial cooperation by the

filler, was mined in Cherokee count~.

Mr. Smith states that the possibility of state.

Ocher: Ocher, a hydrated iron oxide finding oil and gas in Georgia is confined

used in the manufacture of linoleum, oil to the Coastal Plain region of south Georcloth, and as a coloring for mortars, was gia. The Piedmont and mountain sections produced by two companies in the Carters- of Georgia are underlain by dense crystal-

FROM A GEOLOGIST'S NOTEBOOK

ville district of Bartow county. The produc- line rocks that have passed through at least The newly organized Georgia Mineral tion for 1933 showed a considerable in- ' two periods of intense folding accompan- Society was addressed by Professor Count

crease over that for 1932.

ied by such heat and pressure that any oil Gibson of Georgia Tech at its regular

Sand and Gravel: Sand and gravel are and gas that they may have contained was monthly meeting held on March 11th. Pro-

produced at a number of small pits widely destroyed millions of years ago. This area fessor Gibson spoke on Fluorescent Miner-

scattered throughout Georgia.

includes F'ranklin county in which there als and the members joined in a lively dis-

Talc: Only one of the three talc com- was an oil boom several years ago. Oil and cussion of the subject.

panies near Chatsworth in Murray county gas in commercial quantities have never

reported a production of ground talc and been found in this type of rocks in any sec-

talc pencils used for marking iron and tion of the world.

Dr. C. F. Park, Jr., recently outlined his

steel.

Northwest Georgia is underlain by rocks propgsed plan of work on his survey of the

Tripoli: A small production of tripoli, of the same age as those in which oil has gold resources of Georgia for the U. S.

used for abrasive and filler purposes was been found in Tennessee and Kentucky, but Geological Survey. Dr. Park plans to have

reported for the first time in several years. in Georgia these rocks have been folded one party visit and locate all known occur-

The production came from a mine near the and leveled off by erosion so that any oil rences of gold in the state. This party will

foot of Lookout Mountain in Chattooga that they may have contained probably record the names of the owners, lot num-

county.

leaked out years ago.

bers, type of country rock, and all data

Water Power: The amount of electricity Mr. Smith advises those desirous of drill- concerning veins, history, and other items

for public use generated by water power in ing oil wells to confine their efforts to south of possible interest. The locations will be

Georgia in 1933 showed a considerable in- Georgia where they have at least a gamb- compiled on one map. Another party will

crease over that reported for 1932. The ler's chance of striking oil or gas.

I map in detail representative areas outside

value was figured at one cent per kilowatt-

of the Dahlonega Special Quadrangle. Maps

hour, the approximate value of the elec- Prospects for Topographic

on a scale of 100 feet equal 1 inch and with

tricity at the source of production.

Mapping Water, Mineral Survey 10 foot contour interval will be drawn. De-

prellm1nary figures received indicate that
the ml.neral production in Georgia in 1934 Wl.ll show a substantial increase over the figures for 1933 given above.

State Geologist Richard W. Smith attended meetings of the American Institute of Mining Engineers in New York and of the
Association of American State Geologists

tail and

maps of Findlay

the Batt properties

le ,

Branch, with scale

B1a r lionwc h,

equals 100 feet val will also be

and 10 made.

foot Any

acvoan1t1oaubr1eintitmere-

will be spent mapping the Dahlonega Spe-

in Washington. At the New York meetings cial Quadrangle. One man is to spend a

Georgia mineral producers may be inter- Mr. Smith participated in the symposium on month studying heavy minerals as a possi

ested in the following articles that appear- the world's gold resources and attended a ble aid for future mapping.

ed in the March, 1935, issue of the En- conference on the proposed National Min-

gineering & Mining Journal (McGraw-Hill eral Policy for the United States. The

Publishing Co., Inc., 330 W. 42nd St., New State Geologists in session at Washington Mr. B. S. Colburn, prominent gem and

York, N. Y., $.50); More Facts on the F1o- discussed the relation of the government's mineral collector of Asheville, N. C., has

tation of Free Gold, by L. H. Lange; Gold land utilization program to the mineral in- invited members of the Georgia Mineral So-

I at Hog Mountain, Alabama, by C. F. Park,, dustry, and endorsed the proposed ten-year ciety to view his famous private museum
Jr.; and The Refractories Industry, by program for the completjon of the topo- and mineral collection. A motorcade to the

Paul M. Tyler.

graphic maps of the United States and the North Carolina city is being planned.