Forestry-geological review [Feb. 1935]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMEN

Vol. 5

ATLANTA, GA., FEBRUARY, 1935

No. 2

RENFROE'S PINE-CORN

inches, w ith some specimen s 7 feet; J an . 9, TREE SEED BEDS

RECORD, FOURTH YEAR 1935, 8 feet with some individual t rees 12

FOR PLANTING STOCK

f eet 2 inches.

Slash Pines Attain Maximum Height 209 Inches, Maximum Diameter

A verage Diam eter (10 inches above the Local Demand for Planting Stock

51~ Inches With Average 4 ground) Oct. 25, 193 2, % inch w it h some Make Tree Nurseries Promising

lnches-Pulpwo.od Size in 4 Years specimens P i2 inches ; .Jan. 9, 1935, 2-2/ 3 Investment-Not Difficult but a

-Last Corn Crop a Failure

inch es wit h some spec'imen 3 % inches .

Particular Job

The fourth year's r ecord of slash and longleaf pine growth in Marion R enf r oe's pine-corn experiment near Quitman, continues to show phenomena l result s. I n f our season's growth slash pines have averaged an inch to the diameter each year, and have demonstrated the possibi lity of g.rowing trees to pulpwood size in f our years-a year sooner than the most optimi stic had expected. But as a r ule, it is not advisable to cut trees this size for p ulpwood, since it is a period in the life of the t r ee when it is making rapid growth of commercia l wood.
The Renfroe pla nt ings of one year old seedlings of slash and longleaf was mad e January 27, 1931, on land com pa r atively poor. The undertaking was the outcome of a suggestion made by Dr. Charles H . Her ty at the annual meeting of the Georgia F or estry Association, held a t Albany in 1030, attended by Marion Renfr oe. Dl'. Herty expressed a desire that someone carry on a n exper iment of intercropping young pines with corn.
Careful annual mea surements of the growth of the pines and th e yields of corn have been kept by Mr. Renfroe. H is diameter measurements wer e made a t 10 inc.hes from thli ground instead of th e u s ual 4Vz feet high.

A n umber of people collect ed tree seed last season with the expectation of disposing of them t o the state tree nurseries, only to fi nd t h a t CCC men h a d been employed to gather seed for t h e n eeds of the nurseries. Other avenues of sale seem to 'be well supplied, and as a consequence, several seed collect or s find a supply on their hands.
Whil e t he market for seed seems well supplied, it is likely that the demand for seedli ngs will be greater than the supply. Tree planting is increasing rapidly. Land owners are planning to utiliz!l abandoned farm lands t o g r ow a cr op of trees. The future seems bright f or pulpwood. Trees planted ' now will be ready in a few years to help meet the demand for paper mills. Besides, t here is so il saving and erosion prevention which t rees will br ing about.
The question is "Why not make a seed bed, pla nt the seed and sell seedlings?" If proper care is given the seed bed, more mon ey can be made f r om growing and selling seedlings than in selling seed. A small seed bed 4 x 12 feet can grow 8,000 to 10,000 p in e seedlings which will sell at $1.50 to $2.00 per thousand, whereas the seed.that would plant the bed bring this season only about $1.00.

Pine Growth R ecord

Anyone desiring specifications for a seed

Both diameter and height growth meas-

bed and instructions as to its management,

urements have been made each year. Both

may write the Georgia Forest Service. It

slash and longleaf pines were planted in the .

Renfroe's 4 -Year Old Slash Pines.

is n ot a difficult, but a particular job, te

experiment.. The record of slash pine-th P 1 more rapid i!'rowing-is as follows:

Cont Orops

\ grow seedlings for the market.

Slash Pine Average Height June 21, 1932, 48 inches ; October 25, 1933, 110 inches with some 137 inches; Jan. 9, 1935, 162 inch es, wit h some 209 inches. Average Diamete~ (10 inches from cround) June 21, 1932, 1 inch; Oct ober 25,

Three. pla n tin gs of cor n have been made and ordinary culti vation g iven. T h e first crop gave a 'net pr9fit of $3.42 p er a cre; t he second. which was a poor season, n1a de a s mall profit, a nd the t h ird yielded a n et profit of only 23 cents per acre . The f ou r th year was a fai lure, d ue, accordin g to R en-

The con clusion f rom the intercropping of the pines is that cultivation of the land has stimulated t r ee growth during the four-year peri od, and that corn for the four-years period, has more than covered the carrying charges.

1933, 2%, inches with some specimen s 3% froe , to defective seed f ollowed by replant-

inches; Jan. 9, 1935, 4 inches with individ-
uals 5 14 inches.
Longleaf Pine
Average H eight June 21, 1932, no growth

in g, which in t u r n suffered from drouth. He Sawdust when treated with phenol by a

has not computed his loss.

process under development at the Forest

No f urther corn planting is considered Products Laboratory is capable of being

advisa b.le beca u se th e trees have practically j p r essed into smooth, hard sheets or molded

except in folia2'e; Oct. 25, 1933, 4 feet 2 covered the lan d w ith their crown s.

shapes of dense and uniform structure.

2

'FORESTRY-G0LOGICAL REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review
Published Monthly by the DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND
GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta
C. A. WHITTLE, Editor

THINNING RULES SUGGESTED ACID TREATED SEED BLACK

FOR SUSTAINED GUM YIELDS

LOCUST TO BE PLANTED

E. W. Hadley, U.S. Forest Service, Issues Statements on Handling Turpentine Forests to Conserve Foresta and Increase Gum Production

An increasing interest in growing black locust in Georgia is accompanied by interest in growing planting stock in seed beds.
Due to the hard seed coat, germination of black locust seed is slow, sometimes deferred for a season. A common practice is to soak

Foreatry Diviaion

B

M~nLdufSbeucrrreotwa;ySotaf teCoFmomreisstseior n__Atlanta

c A Whittle Educational Mgr.,____Atlanta

H: M: Sebring: Asst. State Forester, Atlanta Russell D. Franklin, Dist. Forester;___Ro~e

W. D. Young, Dist. Forester______Gamesville
c. B. Beale, District Forester______Waycross

Jca.

ck N.

Thurmond, Dist. Elliott, District.

Forester____ Savannah Forester______Augusta

H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester____Albany

w G Wallace District Forester__Columbus

M;s. N. N. Edwards, Secretary______Atlanta

Mrs. R. S. Thompson, Treasurer ____Atlanta

Geological Diviaion

"Suggestions for Sustained Yield Forest Management for Naval Stores" were recently issued by E. W. Hadley, senior forest code examiner of the U. S. Forest Service. The statement includes methods of survey, estimating future production, cupping, thinning and working faces, but in this article only the rules for thinning are presented. They are as follows:
"1. Description of stands to be thinned. Longleaf and slash pine second-growth stands from 15 to 25 years old, containing 300 or more stems per acre, 100 or more of which are under 6 inches in diameter

the seed in hot water, but a better way is to treat them with sulphuric acid.
Sulphuric acid with specific gravity of 1.84 applied at the rate of one pound of acid to one of seed and kept in contact for an hour is reported to give good results. The seed are stirred to give a thorough contact.
Following the acid treatment, the seed should be spread out on 16 mesh galvanized screen. Beneath the screen an acid resistant container should be placed to catch and preserve the acid that will drain out in a few minutes.
Then the seed should be thoroughly wash-

R. W. Smith, State Geologist___________ Atlanta 401.2 feet above ground.

ed to remove all the remaining acid. This

G

W

Crickmay



'

Asst.

State

Geologist, Atlanta

Lane Mitch~lC-A~-~t~---St~t~--G~~i.~~~-Atlanta

Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk______________Atlanta

"2. Methods. (a) Marking.
The following rules will govern the selection of trees to be left or cut:

washing should continue five or ten minutes, depending on the quantity of seed. The first applications of water should be heavy to keep down the heating caused by the

(1) The spacing of trees left will aver- combinati~n of water and acid.

FUTURE CONSERVATION CODE age 15x15 feet (approximately 200 per Following the washing, the seed should

IMPORTANT FORESTRY ISSUE acre) for longleaf pine and 12x12 feet (ap- be dried out in a shady, cool place. They are

Some foresters hold, with reference to the proximately 300 per acre) for slash pine. then ready to plant and will germinate

future of that part of the lumber code deal- As a guide to obtain this spacing a tree readily.

ing with forest management for sustained competing on even terms with others is left,

yields, that it should be voluntarily admin- provided the average distance to other

istered by timberland owners themselves, and not as a part of an industrial code of

trees nearest it in three directions is 12 feet for a longleaf pine and 10 feet for a

CLEAR CUTTING POLICY UNDER GERMAN BAN

lumbermen.

Others hold that by voluntary action of

both forest industries and timberland own-

ers with an expansion of existing code ma-
chi~ery, the objective can be attained.

Still others, who do not see hope for any

substantial progress through voluntary ac-

tsitoan~

believe in establishing federal and conservation regulations, with compe-

tent men to enforce them.

slash pine. Natural openings in stands will increase the average spacing to 15x15 and 12x12 respectively.
(2) Trees selected to be left will have large thrifty crowns and no defect such as crook, lean, large fire scars or evidence of disease or insect infestation. Size, promise and position of individual trees will all be taken into account, but trees equally good will be cut to obtain the desired spacing and relieve crowding.

Germany as a nation owns no forests, and has been regarded as a world leader in forest management, but this has not hindered the Hitler regime from undertaking to regulate forestry practices. Notable among the ordered changes is the cessation of clear cutting and the adoption of selective cutting. Under the clear cutting method, the forest is regarded as an even age crop to be harvested at one time and a new crop planted in its stead.

General disappointment is felt in the results obtained under the voluntary arrange-

(3) No trees having a diameter of 6 inches or more 4lh feet above ground will

Under the selective system, trees are of uneven age and are harvested as each tree

ment. The west is ahead of the east. In the be indicated for cutting unless they are reaches a state of maturity.

southern pine belt, 11,000 lumber opera- diseased, insect infested, badly fire scarred, The merit of the two systems is not to be

tors have only one code compliance officer. leaning badly, crooked or otherwise defec- judged by the edict of Hitler.

Great regions of the east have none. Ob- tive.

viously very little has been done, and noth- (4) Lean will not be considered as a

ing of' consequence can be expected until there is a force employed that is commensurate with the enormous task, and is given adequate power to exact compliance.

defect unless it is of a degree that will prohibit working for turpentine.
(5) Marking of small groups and long borders of large groups will be more con-

SAWS HARD ENOUGH TO CUT GLASS FOR TROPIC WOODS
The New York State College of Forestry,
studying woods from Brazil jungles, found

servative in general on the basis of more it necessary to have a saw with teeth hard

CCC First Aid Certificates

side light. Close standing groups of three enough to cut glass to cut some of the specior more trees with plenty of side room will mens. The saw can be sharpened only with

One type of training which seems quite be left intact unless one or more trees in diamond dust. Ordinary saws were rendered

popular among CCC men is first aid to the center of group are crowded. Small, short hot and dull before cutting six inches into

injured. Records show that for the months trees in open will be left. Also, desirable the harder woods.

of September, October, November and De- trees closely spaced in rows but having

cember, 1934, as many as 26,684 men re- plenty of room on two sides will be left."

As a protective measure against introduc-

ceived Red Cross first aid certificates after

tion of the Dutch Elm disease from Europe,

15 hours study and successful passing of an One thousand tons of paper are required an absolute quarantine has been promulgat-

examination. In Georgia 191 were success- each year to print postage stamps of the ed against further importation of the logs

ful.

United States.

of elm and its tree relatives.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

HOLIDAY DEER HUNT OF

of the force. It was a good natured ex- MUSEUM REHABILITATION

PROMINENT GEORGIANS change that everyone enjoyed. Then came

IN PROSPECT FOR 1935

dancing and bridge. It was in every re- Rehabilitation of the State Museum on

Great Increase in Deer and Other spect a happy occasion.

the fourth floor of the State Capitol is

Game Where Forest Fires Are

planned for the coming year, according to

Kept Out and Game ProtectedParty Bags 18 Deer
Eighteen deer was the result of a holiday hunting party on Satilla Forest and Sea Island Forest. In the party were prominent state officials including Wm. B. Harrison, state comptroller; Jud Wilhoit, Chairman of the Public Service Commission; B. M. Lufburrow, state forester, all of Atlanta, and included in the party also were Major W. L. Harwell, Brunswick and R. F. Burch, Eastman.
The party began its hunt December 28 on the Satilla Forest of the Georgia Forest Products Company, as guests of W. Pierce and Carl Meschke. The hunters fared forth before the break of day and came back with six fine deer. December 29 was another lucky day. Again the happy but tired hunters brought in a half dozen deer. The

RAYON PRODUCTION AT PAPER LABORATORY
Rayon machinery has been installed at the Pulp and Paper Laboratory at Savannah, where "artificial silk" will be produced from pine pulp.
The fact that pine pulp is adapted to rayon production has already been demonstrated by the use of pine pulp provided by the laboratory. For a further study whereby the full possibilities may be worked out, as to quality of product and cost of manufacture, the Chemical Foundation has generously continued its support of the laboratory by providing rayon manufacturing machinery.
Dr. Chas. H. Herty and his co-workers are enthusiastic over the use of southern woods not only in making rayon but other celulose products.

State Geologist Richard W. Smith, curator of the museum. The museum, which was founded in 1895 largely under the direction of Prof. W. S. Yeates, then State Geologist, has attracted hundreds of visitors to the capitol annually. It contains exhibits of rocks and minerals, game and fish, forestry, insects, agricultural products, educational work, archaelogical and ethnological finds, and historical relics of Georgia. Lack of space has caused the museum to be limited to specimens from Georgia only.
The work planned for the coming year includes a revision of the displays of economic geology, a replacing of many specimens from closed mines by similar ones from mines now operating, a revision and enlargement of the game and fish, agricultural, and entomology exhibits under the direction and supervision of the heads of the departments concerned.

two first days of a four-day hunt was turning out splendidly.
Knocking off on Sunday, the party spent the day at Cabin Bluff, recounting experi-

GEORGIA LUMBER MANUFACTURING RECORD YEAR 1933 ISSUED

Recent additions to the museum include a display of newly mined gold nuggets, a movable exhibit of the queer flexible sandstone, a collection of Georgia gem stones

ences and priming for the next two days According to the Census of Manufacture cut during the past year, an educational

on the Sea Island property. Three deer for 1933, issued by the U. S. Department exhibit of rattlesnake antitoxin, a model of

were bagged Monday and three Tuesday. of Commerce, there were 669 wood working the Indian council house recently uncovered

Many old timers declared the hunt to be establishments in Georgia that produced at Macon, fresh forestry specimens, and an

the best they had ever had. Among them 473,246,000 board feet of lumber, of which educational exhibit by the State Entomolo-

was Bill Harrison, who killed his 38th deer 420,450,000 were soft wood and 52,796,000 gist concerning the screw worm. All of the

on this trip and B. M. Lufburrow, who were hard wood.

exhibits which were shown at A Century

killed two on the trip, one a 10-point buck, The quantities of soft wood by tree spe- of Progress in Chicago have now been re-

the prize of the hunt.

cies produced were 281,000 board feet of placed in the museum.

Jud Wilhoit and Willard Irwin, of Moul- cedar; 7,400,000 of cypress; 412,737,000 of

ton, Alabama, killed their first deer and were duly initiated by being required to bear on their faces a smear of the deer's blood for 12 hours.
Two of the old timers, Major Harwell and Mr. Lufburrow, missed shots and were subjected to the hunter's penalty of south Georgia, that of having the tails of their shirts removed, Capt. Gregory officiating as the shirttail cutter.
A 23-pound turkey gobbler was too much of a temptation for R. F. Burch, who let go with a load of buckshot. How much of

yellow pine; other minor production was white pine.
The quantities of hardwood by species were 5,643,000 ash; 56,000 chestnut; 2,665,000 cottonwood; 370,000 elm; 336,000 magnolia; 450,000 maple; 10,613,000 oak; 15,520,000 red gum; 5,484,000 tupelo; 10,913,000 yellow poplar; all others 699,000.
During the year 1933, Georgia produced 3,905,000 lath and 1,087,000 square feet of shingles. The preliminary report does not itemise the production of veneer and cooperage for Georgia.

TREAT TREES LIKE HUMAN BEINGS
"Trees, like people, are hampered in their physiological (or life) processes by the presence of foreign organisms in their bodies. Every person, who has been sick, can appreciate the functional disturbances in diseased trees, especially those which resemble in certain respects human diseases," says Dr. Ray R. Hirt, tree pathologist of the New York State College of Forestry, Syracuse, N. Y.
"The organisms which cause tree diseases

the 23 pounds of turkey the buckshot repre-

may be bacteria, fungi, or insects. Large,

sented was not ascertained.

LONGLEAF SLOW GROWER

tumor-like swellings, called galls, are not

All were loud in their praise of the abun-

IN DENSE STANDS uncommonly produced on trees by certain

dance of game, and all attributed it to protecting the forests from fire and the maintenance of the areas as game reserves. This Protection has greatly increased the number of deer, wild turkeys and other game.
An Atlanta aftermath of the hunt was a venison dinner given by State Forester Lufburrow and Mrs. Lufburrow at the Candler Hotel in Decatur. The guests were the forestry office force, their wives, husbands and best friends. It was the first ven-

According to studies by W. G. Wahlenberg of the Southern Forest Experiment Station, longleaf pine in dense stands of natural reproduction may attain dwarfishness that will persist 15 or more years.
While the investigator does not say so, it is evident that planting of longleaf pine seedlings with proper spacing is the more practical method of longleaf pine reforestation. Evidence of this appears in a record of Marion Renfroe's longleaf pine planting

of these organisms. These abnormal growths distort the trunk and branches, causing them to be unsightly, and may even cause death of the affected parts. One of the more common galls is that of plum and cherry trees, known as 'black knot.' The branches bearing these black, brittle growths should be operated upon and the affected parts removed and destroyed," sayE! Dr. Hirt.

ison many of those present had ever eaten given elsewhere in this issue. In four sea- He: "How many kinds of wood are used

and proved a delicious experience.

sons of growth the one year old longleaf in making the match?"

Every employee was called upon to report pine seedlings averaged 2 2-3 inches in dia- She: "Two kinds. He would and she

on the faults, foibles and idiosyncrasies meter 10 inches from the ground.

would."

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

THINNING MIXED FORESTS

except unusually fine trees which will in-

FORESTRY

FOR MAXIMUM YIELD crease greatly in value. (Few sawlogs were
cut from this class and only two trees were

QUESTION BOX

Southern Forest Experiment Station Gives Rules for Improvement Cutting and Thinning on Sample

considered good enough to leave.)

Trees 15 inches and over, cut for sawlogs

or deaden everything.

,

Do trees that seed heavily grow less rap- Pine-Hardwood Area in South

idly than trees producing few seed?

Liberal seeding is evidence of high vitality. Records have shown that more wood growth is made by heavy seeders than by light seeders. In selecting planting seed, it is better to take them from generous bearers because of their apparent greater vitality.

Using an area ncar Urania, La., of a pine-hardwood type, the Southern Forest Experiment Station supervised an improvement cutting and thinning and has given the rules followed.
The pines were loblolly and shortleaf and the hardwood a mixture of several species.

The average number of trees per acre was

Are there large areas of cottonwood in 843, pines averaging 445 and hardwoods

Georgi4?

398. On the pines, 161 were 1 to 3 inches in

The term "cottonwood" is loosely applied, diameter; 221, 4 to 7 inches; 43, 8 to 11

in this state to silverleaf poplar, Carolina inches; 16, 12 to 17 inches; 4, 18 to 24

HOW MUCH TIMBER HAS AMERICA CUT?.
According to an estimate made by R. V. Reynolds, whose methods of computation have been approved by other foresters of prominence, the original stand of timber on the 822 million acres of timberland was more than eight trillion board feet. The total from 1630 to 1930 has been approximately 7.3 trillion board feet, of which 30 per cent was cut for lumber, 55 per cent for fuel, and 15 per cent for various other purposes.
The cut of fuelwood has declined markedly

poplar, swamp cottonwood and to Populus inches.

since 1900, dropping from 14.3 billion cords

Deltoides. None of these appear in bodies Of the hardwoods, 305 were 1 to 3 inches to 5 billion cords in 1930.

large enough to be of commercial import- in diameter; 73, 4 to 7 inches; 7, 8 to 18 According to the statistics of Mr. Rey-

ance. They are scattered throughout the inches; 8, 12 to 17 inches; 4, 18 to 24 inches; nolds, the highest per capita cut of timber

state.

1, 25 to 31 ~nches.

1800-1930 was 470 cubic feet in 1800, de-

The merchantable volume was 4,164 board clining gradually to 120 cubic feet in 1930,

What southern hardwoods are conside1ed feet of pines, 96 board feet of hardwood and due principally to reduction in the use of

suitable for making paper or boxboard? 8 cords of pine pulpwood.

fuel wood.

Black gum, tupelo, magnolia, bay, maple, The rules for il:nprvvement cutting and For the same period, saw timber cut

yellow poplar, basswood, cotton wood, chest- thinning followed were as follows:

dropped from 2,230 board feet per capita in

nut, birch, beech, sycamore, ash and other Pines-Under 4 inches in diameter, cut 1800 to only 390 board feet per capita in

white woods. In several instances the woods nothing. At 4 inches, cut only trees that 1930.

would bring greater returns for other uses.. seem certain will die before next cutting in Since a house usually serves two or three

5 to 10 years. Trees 5 to 7 inches in diam- generations of people, and some much long-

Is there any way that a timber owner can eter, cut freely, removing the poorer com- er, and since urban housing has tended to-

remove bark of pulpwood other than by peting trees from around selected crop ward crowding the family into smaller room

hand?

trees, and very poor trees from any posi- space, and since other materials have in a

A machine that can be taken into the tion. Aim to give crop trees increased grow- measure supplanted lumber, the per capita

woods that pounds off the bark very success- ing space for next 5 to 10 years. Crop trees consumption of lumber would not be expect-

fully and quickly has been put out by the are selected on the basis of good size, form ed to keep pace with that of the pioneering

Council Tool Company, Wananish, N. C. It and vigor, rather than spacing.

nnd expansion period, when settlers made

takes 72 to 10 horsepower to operate.

Trees 8 to 14 inches in diameter, cut spar- generous use of cheap wood at hand to

ingly, removing only the very poorest, most erect commodious structures.

Do not a1tthorities recommend burning off the woods to promote reproduction of Longleaf Pine?
Some important authorities recommend what is termed "control burning" for those years that longleaf pine have a good seed crop. For that matter, burning will facilitate contact of the seed of any kind of pine with the earth and better reproduction.
But is there not a better way? According to the U. S. Forest Service, fire damage tc southern forests is approximately $2.00 per acre. If this fire damage to the soil through the destruction of nitrogen and organic matter be added, the total loss will exceed the cost of planting pine seedlings.
Furthermore, not only will nursery grown seedlings provide better plants, but they can be set out so that there will be a more evenly distributed stand. So much so,

crowded, knottiest and most unsound trees. Trees 15 inches and over (mature), cut
trees the removal of which will apparently benefit the stand beyond their increased value if left. Size, quality, apparent or known growth rate, position and the necessity of leaving enough trees for a similar cut in 5 to 10 years, are factors to consider. This is the most difficult part of the marking.
Trees 15 inches and over (overmature and defective, frequently wolf trees), cut everything.
H(J}rdwoods-Trees under 4 inches in diameter, cut nothing. Trees 4 inches in diameter, cut nothing.
Trees 5 to 7 inches in diameter,. cut nothing, except an occasional bushy-crowned tree of poor form or species crowding a crop tree.

DECEMBER FIRE RECORD
Fires reported in areas served by CCC camps, for December numbered 79, with an area of 5,497 acres burned over. The estimated damage to the forests is $7,241.97. The average per fire was 70 acres, but 29 of the fires covered less than 10 acres.
Causes of fires show 21 to have been started purposely; 4 by railroads; 2 by campers; 1 by smokers; 2 by brush burners; 1 by lumbering; 2 by naval stores; 2 by range burning, and 15 miscellaneous.
"One third of the area of coRtinental United States is forest or potential forest land. Sound economics require that this area be so managed that it may permanently

that the burning method of seeding is by Trees 8 to 14 inches in diameter, cut or support its fair share of the natio.n's popu

comparison a slipshod, improvident method. deaden occasional 8 to 9 inch trees as above. lation."-F. A. Silcox, Chief Forester of the

Cut or deaden all 10 to 14 inch trees of un- United States.

"The farmers are being urged to plant desirable or unmerchantable species, form

trees on their idle acres. Well, a crop of or condition, or where crowding more valu-

trees, once it gets established, is going to able trees.

Recent purchases for the national forest

be mighty hard to plow up."- Southern Trees 15 inches and over in diameter (rna- in the eastern United States were at an

Lumberman.

1 ture), cut for sawlog-s or deaden all trees average of $2.80 per acre. 1

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

5

soul to plant in pines. I think that in most

FIRST DISTRICT

FOURTH DISTRICT

cases one could safely gamble on it profit-

Russell Franklin, Dist. Forester Rome

W. G. Wallace, District Forester Columbus

ing the pocket book, also.
"Cedar-Pine"
Foresters are often confronted with the

problem of correcting the opinions of indi-

Pine Planting Demonstration
Mrs. B. T. Haynes, Rome, Ga., is now preparing her land for the reception of 10,000 loblolly pine seedlings bought from the Nursery at Albany. Mrs. Haynes is planting these seedlings on a hillside visible from the Rome-Atlanta Highway. This tract is to be used as a demonstrational tract for the purpose of showing the people in this section just how fast pines will grow if protected.
Finds Seedlings Scarce
Mr. A. G. Montgomery, Rome, Ga., placed an application for 20,000 loblolly pine seedlings, but was a little late as the supply from the Albany nursery was already exhausted. Mr. Montgomery states that he is now trying to get some seedlings in several of the Southern states to set out this year, but that his order for 20,000 loblolly still stands for next year also.
Black Walnuts Recommended Mrs. M. E-. Judd, Dalton, Ga., recom-
mends black walnut seedlings for planting in north Georgia. Mrs. Judd states that the seedlings as purchased from the nursery at Blairsville require very little attention, grow very fast, and are very pro-

A New Use for Pine Straw
It may not exactly be a new use for pine straw, but it is a new use so far as your district forester is concerned.
Mr. W. H. Sorrells, near Macon, showed me a beautiful stand of Slash Pine which he planted in 1930 and which is now about 14 feet in height. There must have been about three acres, and I was admiring the stand and at the same time trying to think of it in terms of pulp wood, saw logs, etc., only to have Mr. Sorrells speak up and say, "Will this stand begin producing a lot of straw from now one?" I remarked that "It appears that it will. Why?"
To make a long story short, Mr. Sorrells has about 3,000 pigeons-that's a good many -and it is necessary to supply materials for the pigeons to use in making nests. Who would ever think materials for pigeons to make nests from would be a factor in the sort of business Mr. Sorrells is in. It

viduals regarding such matters as, for instance, the conclusion of one good gentleman that the seed of longleaf pine reproduces the old field loblolly pine.
But my latest brain-buster is a "Cedar-
pine." Mr. E. H. Pope, of Newnan, a very
willing person whom I had been assisting in planting some pines, stated that several unusual trees were growing on his place which looked like a mixture of cedar and pine. I tried to assure him that such was not the case, and at his insistence plus my curiosity, we went to see the "Cedar-pine."
What we found was not a mixed tree of cedar and pine, but a group of several Virginia Scrub Pines (Pinus virginiana) which are ordinarily found in the mountains of North Georgia. To find a group of these pines growing naturally in the woods far south of its normal range was a surprise. Mr. Pope was elated at having such an unusual occurrence on his farm.

is. According to Mr. Sorrells, it amounts

to nearly $50.00 annually, and the pine straw from his small pine plantation is going to save him that cost from now on.

SIXTH DISTRICT Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester

Planting Pines-a Hobby

I

Savannah

Forestry is a serious work, and as a rule

most foresters think of planting, thinning, :___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __,

fitable. Mr. Joel Stembridge, Ella Gap, Ga., is
trying black walnut seedlings under a mixture of pines and hardwoods. Joel is also filling in blank spaces all over the farm with other black walnut seedlings purchased from the nursery at Blairsville. Joel is a foreman at Camp SP-6.
TPO Items
The Lookout Mountain TPO is erecting a telephone line from one end of the area to the other to connect the two patrolmen and other points in the area. This will be a very valuable asset to the TPO as sometimes one of the patrolmen will see a fire over in the other's territory.
The Gilmer county TPO is now offering a reward of fifty dollars to any person gettjng enough evidence to arrest and convict anybody of setting fire in Gilmer county. This is a county wide TPO and it should be very easy to get a conviction.
WHEN TO CUT PULPWOOD
The Alabama Conference on Paper Products says, according to the Alabama l<'orest News:

fire protection, etc., in terms of quantity and quality of the ultimate product, and profit to the producer. Also, he will think in terms of soil errosion control, game and fish, and various combination of best land use and forest practice. But does a forester ever think o'f planting as a hobby?
Reflecting on a good many plantings made in this district during the past few years I am forced to the conclusion that most of the smaller ones-one or two thousand pine seedlings-will be questionable ventures as to profit if profit in terms of dollars from wood products only is considered. Most of these small plantings were made by enthusiastic, forestry-minded people with little or no thought given to initial investment, taxes, fire protection, etc., as weighed against future net returns. Whether they realize it or not, most of these small plantings and many of the larger ones were planted and will be tended principally as a hobby.
The personal satisfaction of planting one or two acres in pine, tending the young trees and watching them grow into an aesthetically beautiful thing over a period of several years is, in itself, a compensa-

Ocmulgee TPO
The members of Ocmulgee T. P. 0. in Telfair county has assessed themselves two and one-half cents (2lj2c) per acre to raise money to purchase one 100-foot steel lookout tower. This tower will be a supplement to the two towers bought for the T. P. 0. from ECW funds.
The three towers will give ample coverage to the whole of Telfair county and all the Ocmulgee TPO. There is a good possibility that the Little River T. P. 0., covering lands in Wheeler county, will also buy a tower which would adequately cover their TPO lands and tie in nicely with the towers in Telfair county.
Telephone lines will be constructed to connect the towers so that cross readings may be obtained on fires and some line will be constructed to isolated places where there are none existing. The TPO will furnish half of the poles and the rest will be given them by ECW construction, which will begin at an early date. Poles are being cut and distributed now and the lines will be constructed as soon as the towers arrive.
Vocational School Work

"It appears that the most rapid growth tion. I believe most of us have, to a more Visits have been made to all the vocation-

of young pines is during the sappling and or less extent, that urge to work in the out- al schools in the district and seven new for

small pole stage. No trees under six inches doors, and especially in the forests. If one ests have been established. The new school

diameter, breast high, should be cut for can't satisfy that urge by giving one's life forests are located at Lyons, Alamo, Hil-

Pulpwood. This is not only on account of the work to forestry, and very few can, why tonia, Swainsboro, Bay Branch, Montgom-

intrinsic value of such trees, but it also has not look around you and see if there isn't ery High School, Sylvania and Ludowici.

important bearing on the cost of cutting some small area or large that is lying idle The schools having new forests are mak-

and transportation."

and that would profit one's body, brain and ing more progress in their work than some

6

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

'

of the older ones, especially in fire break Regular ~peakers included W. H. Vickers, members to carry out the TPO program.

construction and preparing of seed beds. TPO Pre~ident, who predicted that timber W. H. Harrison of Pierce county was elect-

Fire Season Begins

growing would largely take the place of ed to the Board of Directors; P. B. Cope-

The year 1935 came in with an exception- cotton and exhorted all members to cooper- land, secretary of the TPO, recommended

ally dry fire season, but fortunately we have ate in fire protection. W. H. Bailey, TPO to the board that several fire trailers be

had very few fires reported over the district treasurer, testified that he regarded fire rigged up to be placed in each part of the

to this time, due mainly to the change of protection and timber growing as a busi- TPO area. The board approved this and

sentiment against woods burning in this sec- ness proposition worthy of business-like also promised to meet regularly. County

tion. The land owners are fast realizing treatment, emphasizing the necessity for co- Agents Nesmith, of Bacon, and Chaffin, of

just what the Georgia Forest Service is operation for successful protection. L. F. Pierce, were in attendance.

doing to help them protect their timber lands from fire, and are giving splendid cooperation.
Demonstration Planting
Through the courtesy of the E. T. Comer Company, of Millhaven, Georgia, we have been able to plant a three acre demonstration plot on the George Washington highway, about two miles north of Hilltonia. Slash pine seedlings from the Georgia Forest Nursery at Albany were used to plant this plot.
The E. T. Comer Company has been doing some firebreak work this year and have completed some real good breaks around the outside boundary of the property.
This property consists of 16,000 acres, of which 7,500 acres is timber land. A large percent of the timber is virgin long leaf, slash pine and cypress.
SEVENTH DISTRICT

Morey, TPO Secretary, reported the activi-

Ben Hill-Irwin May Organize

ties of the TPO and described how the TPO County Agent C. T. Owens, of Fitzger-

tractor and plow was kept busy plowing ald, is now attempting to arrange a joint

secondary breaks. R. F. Burch, ECW rep- meeting of landowners in Ben Hill and Ir-

resentative, urged the TPO to continue its win counties to organize a joint-county

splendid program. R. E. Tittle, camp su- TPO. Several promhenll landowners of

perintendent,at Douglas, outlined the work both these counties have expressed interest

of the camp and exhibited a map showing and it is hoped that this TPO will soon

primary breaks constructed and proposed. materialize.

C. B. Beale, district forester, described the development of the TPO and described the progress being made in the technique of fire control. H. M. Sebring, assistant state forester, outlint!d the relation of the CCC work to that of the TPO and urged ade-

CCC Items
Camp P-52, Homerville, has two foremen, W. W1 Mays, surveyor and draftsman, was transferred from McRae and F. L. McClung, telephone engineer, was trans-

quate provision by the TPO for mainte- ferred from Hinesville.

nance.

Camp P-59, Fargo, has some excellent

At noon, the meeting adjourned to the firebreaks to its credit.

CCC camp, where an oyster stew luncheon Camp P-60, Satilla Bluff, now has its for-

was served by the camp commander, Lieut. ester's and officer's quarters completed. A

Walters.

new recreation buildin~r has also been mov-





ed over from the old camp-site at Coles-

Brunswick-Penmsula TPO to Bu1ld burg.. Wil<f turkeys are. so thick d.own

Two Towers

1 there one of the surveymg "swampmg"

C. Bernard Beale, Dist. Forester

C. R. Turton, manager of the turpentine crews recently almost chopped a gobbler's

Waycross

operations of the Brunswick-Peninsula head oft'. Company, advises that lumber for two look- Camp P-65, Jesup, is having a sweet time

out towers in Glynn county is now being down in the Penholloway Bay section.

TPO Secretaries Meet, Discuss Maintenance

sawed. All materials for the two towers Camp P-68, Douglas, is grubbing everywill be furnished by the Brunswick-Penin- thing out without the help of a tractor.

At a meeting of the TPO secretaries of district 7 on January 11 at the Waycross office, plans for maintenance of primary breaks and truck trails were discussed. A nJ,lmber of TPO's are considering purchase of tractor and plow units for this purpose. other subjects discussed: Forecasting of bad

sula TPO, of which R. E. Benedict is president. The towers will be constructed by CCC forces and will probably be located at Zuta and Chappels Crossing.
Brantley TPO Holds Forest Fair

Under secretary

dainredctwio.n

of T.

S. N. Smith, TPO Clary, county agent,

The tractor is kept busy plowing and grading.
Camp P-70, Nahunta, is having its foresters' quarters enlarged. The educational
Advisor's quarters are also being "stuccoed" on the exterior.
Camp P-62, Baxley, has been going

fire weather, fire trailors, proper keeping a forest fair was held at Nahunta on Jan- through some tough country over on the

of records. Attending the meeting were uary 19. Speakers were Dr. C. H. Herty, Wayne county line.

J. M. DuPuis, Secretary of Appling TPO; who described recent technical advances in

I S. N. Smith, Secretary of Brantley TPO; paper and ra.yon production; Dr. Shingler, GOVERNMENT NAVAL STORES

K. G. Meschke, Secretary of Camden TPO; naval stores technologist of Olustee Ex-

LOANS

L. F. Morey, Secretary of Coffee-Jeff Davis perimeni Station, who described proper Approximately 75 per cent of gum tur-

TPO; W. C. Hopkins, Secretary of Charlton TPO; J. 0. Rodgers, Secretary of Consolidated TPO; P. B. Copeland, Secretary of Hurricane Creek TPO; W. M. Oettmier, Secretary Suwanee TPO; E. L. Knight, Secretary of Wayne TPO.

turpentine distillation; V. L. Harper, siviculturist in charge of the Lake City Experiment Station, who discussed proper forest practices for sustained naval stores pro-
duction. Many turpentine men and landowners at-

pentines and gum rosins in stock at Savannah Jacksonville and Pensacola are held as
coll~teral by the Federal Commodity Credit
Corporation for loans approximating $4,-
000,000. The maturity date on loans has been extended from February 1 to May 1.

Annual Meeting-Coffee-Jeff Davis tended from all over the county and sec-

TPO

tion.

Presided over by Dr. Wilson, president Hurricane Creek TPO Meets at

of Coffee County Chamber of Commerce,

1Biackshear

Shallow Wells Used For Fire Suppression

one of the most successful and well-attended For obtaining better cooperation from A bulletin issued by the Michigan Forest

TPO meetings ever held, was the annual Pierce county members, a meeting of the Fire Experiment Station tells of the suc-

meeting of the Coffee-Jeff Davis TPO at Hurricane Creek TPO, embracing Bacon, cessful use of shallow wells as a source of

Douglas, courthouse on December 12. Ap- Pierce and northern Ware counties, was water in forest fire suppression, where the

proximately 50 members were present. held at Blackshear on January 16. District water level is around 20 feet of the surface.

Many testified as to the value of fire pro- Forester Beale outlined the accomplish- Over a considerable area of Georgia shal

tection and spoke enthusiastically about the ments of the TPO to date and stated the low water tables make this method appre

success they had had in growing timber. need for financial cooperation from the ciable.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

The future of placer mmmg in this

MINERALS OF GEORGIA

county, as well as in other parts of the gold belt, will depend on economical operation

Brief Accounts of Occurences and Developments of the State's

by drag-line excavator, steam shovel, dredge, or hydraulic giant; or by any meth-

Leading Miner~la

od enabling gravel averaging as little as 10

" Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

or 12 cents to the cubic yard to be worked at a profit. Detailed testing of the placer

ground before operations are started is

strongly recommended. From the informa-

THE GOLD DEPOSITS OF GEORGIA
By RoY A. WILSON (Published by permission of the Director
United States Geological Survey)
ARTICLE 5 Present Mining Activity
(Continued)
No te: Dr. Wilson's articles we1e written

Hudson Mine-On Duke's Creek, about 3 miles south of the Bean Creek area and a short distance west of the Cleveland-Helen highway, Mr. W. C. Hudson is mining old placer ground with a hydraulic giant. Low water has necessitated a temporary shutdown. Operations were resumed in September and soon afte1 a rich streak was found that contained a number of fair-sized nuggets.

tion furnished by properly distributed test pits and bore holes many valuable data can be obtained as to the distribution of the gold and the best method of working the deposit. The tendency for the gold to concentrate in the basal portions of the alluvium next to the bedrock is again emphasized. The more complete recovery of the fine gold is a problem facing all placer operations.

in August, 1994. In order that the descrip- Dunbar Mine-Mr. A. A. Atwater [and

CHEROKEE COUNTY

tions of mining and prospecting activiti~s Mr. C. L. Dunba1] has moved in a steam In Cherokee County there are several

might be brought up to date as of Decent- shovel for placer operations on an area properties which have had a history of

ber 15, 1994, the State Geologist has 'l'e- about 4 miles north of Cleveland. R ecov- profitable operation.

visited most of the properties and has added e'l'ies from this placer proved to be disap- Creighton-Franklin Mine-The Creighnumerous notes and inse1tions, all of which po~.nttng and ~n N oven~ber the operatw ns Btonl-lFranklin mine, 7 miles southeast of are indicated by italics and are not to be we1e t?ansfer,red to Duke's Creek on the a ?round, on the Etowah River, was at

ascribed to JJr. Wilson.-Richard W. Smith, Cleveland-Helen highway, adjacent to the , one time the most extensive gold mine in

State Geologist.

Hudson mine. Mr. Atwater has recently th~ S~ate. Owing to accidental flooding,

WHITE COUNTY All the present mining in White County is confined to reworking stream placers. The topography of this general region has

died and the work is now in charge of Mr.
Dunbar and Mr. L. E. Cobb.
Cox Bottoms Mine-Mr. H. L. Schwalbe
has 1ecently moved a d1ag-line excavator

this mme has beeen abandoned for a num?er of years. Its most interesting feature IS the depth of the workings, some of the
shafts extending over 500 feet vertically below the surface. The available data that

can be relied upon indicate that the ore

bodies encountered in the underground

workings were ellipsoidal chimneys or

shoots of moderate size associated with con-

spicuous rolls in the schistosity of the coun-

try. rock, as described in a previous article.

ThtS property has recently been prospected

under the di1ection of Mr. Joseph B. Sitto~. 1t is ?'epo?ted that diamond drilling

wtll soon be undertaken in an effort to de~ermine the depth of the mineralization.

301 Mine-Work has been resumed at the

301 . mine, about a mile west of Holly

Sprmgs, under the direction of Mr. W. H.

Fluker, of Thomson, Georgia. An inclined

shaft to a vertical depth of 80 feet and short

drifts in both directions along the strike of

the lode had been completed at the time the

property was visited. The ore is treated in

a small mill. The shaft is being extended

Firure 7.-View showing drag-line excavator working placer ground on Bean Creek in White County. Material from shovel passes through revolving screen, from which coarse crave] passes out on conveyor belt to pile and finer sand and clay go into sluice box.

favored the development of placers, and a considerable portion of the gold obtained in this county in the past has come from these deposits.
Bean Creek Mine-Mr. T. J . Stevenson is operating a drag-line excavator on Bean Creek a short distance from Nacoochee and several miles north of Cleveland. The alluvial debris is scooped out by a 1-ton bucket and passed through a screen separator, from which the finer material goes into a sluice box (fig. 7). Several hundred cubic yards of material is handled each day. This placer ground was extensively worked in the early days for its richer streaks.

to the Cox BottontS on the Little Tesnatee Creek, about 4 miles nO'rth of Cleveland. This placer deposit is said to have been partially worked years ago.
Poland and B each Mine.-Mr. C. 0. Poland and Mr. W. B. B each are prospecting a sulphide lode, the "Sprague vein," on Land Lot 47, 4th District, about five miles northwest of Cleveland, and saprolite deposits on the lots adjoining to the southwest. A shaft was sunk on the lode to a depth of 50 feet and a small stamp-mill erected, but the work has been temporarily halted by a sudden inflow of water, probably from the old W(Jrkings on tke adjoining Blake propert21.

to a depth of 200 feet and is now 150 f eet. The lode is widening slightly and its dip appears to be a little flatter. Some changes are being made in the mill equipment and a small cyanide plant is being added.
Other abandoned .mines in this county which were operated on a large scale include the Cherokee, about 4 miles west of Holly Springs, adjacent to the Little River and the Sixes mine, about 2 miles north of the Cherokee. The productive possibilities of these properties can be determined only by additional exploratory work. It will be necessary to reopen the underground workings and sample and assay all the exposed ore bodies systematically before any satisfactory decision can be made as to the future value of these mines.

8

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

FORSYTH COUNTY

I Mass Mr. A. R. Lukens, Director of Re- northern part of the State. The Talbot

A small area of placer ground about 2 search, states that the express purpose of county deposits were found in a small val-

miles east of Cumming, leased from Dr. the laboratory is "to spread the use o;f min- ley a .quarter. mile south of Woodland.

Mashburn, of that town, has been operated eral products which largely come from The kyanite was found in quartz veins,

a for :;;orne time. The material is washed Georgia." Thompson, Weinman & Co. in pagnatite, and in the adjoining schist>;.
down by hydraulic giant. This work stop. mine for various uses limestone, clay, mica, Similar occurrences near Thomaston in Up-

ped in October due to disagreement among talc, and barytes.

son county._ were also investigated. Acting

the leasees. This property illustrates a fea-

on information supplied by a student of

ture common to most of the placers in the A collection of 67 gold nuggets recov- North Fulton High School to a science

gold belt. The richer gravel lies in lenti- ered last fall in Duke's Creek in White teacher, the State Geological Survey also

cular channels next to the decomposed bed- County, has been on display at the State investigated a rather extensive surface oc-

rock.

Capitol for the past month. This exhibit currence of the mineral near Dunwoody in

PAULDING COUNTY

was made through the courtesy of Mr. W. Fulton county.

Present mining activity in Paulding C. Hudson, owner of the W. C. Hudson

County is largely confined to the Burnt Gold Mine. Mr. Hudson has recovered a

Hickory Ridge district, about halfway be- large number of small nuggets during his INCREASE GOLD MINING

tween Cartersville and Dallas. In addition operations, the largest of which was sent

NOTED IN GEORGIA

to the usual small-scale sluice-box mining, recently to the Harvard Museum. Wide- The value of gold mined in Georgia is

the Old Twillery mine is being worked by spread publicity has been attached to his rapidly increasing, and was greater in 1933

shallow trenching in the saprolite of the discoveries.

than for any year since 1917, according to

lode that passes through the property. The

an information circular entitled "Gold De-

ore is treated in a small ball mill. The Mr. H. P. Stuckey, Director of the Geor- posits of Georgia," put out by the Division

placer and saprolite deposits of the old gia Experiment Station, reveals, in answer of Geology of Georgia, to report the results

Yorkville mine, about two and a half miles to an inquiry from State Geologist R. W. of recent investigations made by Roy A.

east of Yorkville, are now being prospected Smith, that a marl high in lime content Wilson, of the U. S. Geological Survey.

under the direction of Mr. J. Sproul Col- can be used for correcting soil acidity where Information on gold production 1830 to

bert. /

Mc.DUFFIE COUNTY

it can be gotten for little expense. Assist- 1933, given in the circular, shows that the ant Geologist Lane Mitchell recently visited total value of gold obtained in Georgia is

McDuffie County has had several impor- marl deposits in the Coastal Plain. Mr. $17,735,972. State Geologist Richard W.

tant mines in past years, but at present the Stuckey states, however, that the Depart- Smith says that production figures for 1934

only activity, aside from haphazard "goph- ment of Agronomy feels that dolomitic have not yet been obtained, but from evi-

ering" by local farmers and landowners, is limestone is preferable for the Piedmont dence at hand, the output of gold in Georgia

confined to the property of Mr. W. H. section of Georgia since it contains mag- will be considerably greater than for 1933.

Fluker, about 12 miles northwest of Thom- nesium and seems to work well for correct- The information circular reproduces a:t;

son, adjacent to the Little River. A quartz ing the acidity of certain well-known fer- ticles which have appeared in the Forestry-

vein has been opened by a shallow shaft. tilizers. Dolomitic limestone is at present Geological Review, with one additional ar-

The ore is treated in a small stamp mill. produced in Bartow, Gilmer and Pickens ticle contributed by Mr. Wilson and with

On the Fluker property and distributed counties and might possibly be produced additional information by State Geologist

over adjacent areas are several mines w;hich elsewhere.

Smith.

have been producers in the past. These in-

According to a map locating gold deposits

clude the Columbia, Park, Hamilton, and Seminole or McGruder mines. All these properties have been abandoned for several years, some of them for many years, and any determination of their future possibilities would require careful examination of the old workings, which are now inaccessi-

A light earthquake which was reported from Young Harris on January 1 of this year .was found by Assistant Geologist G. W. Crickmay to extend over a large area in Georgia and NortH Carolina. The epicentral area was believed to have been in the Shooting Creek area of North Carolina and

in Georgia, the main gold bearing formations .are found in two distinct strips, one extending from Rabun county in northeast Georgia southwestward into Haralson and Carroll counties on the western border of the state. The other main formation extends from Rabun to Fulton county, with

ble. The geologic features and character of

Georgia. Tremors were felt from Ellijay to Cleveland in Georgia and at numerous

slight occurrences in Douglas. These two main leads are found in Ra-

mineralization in McDuffie County are in points in North Carolina, including Mur- bun, White, Lumpkin, Habersham, Hall,

general similar to those in other parts of phy, Bryson City, Asheville, Brevard, and Dawson, Cherokee, Gwinnett, Forsyth, Bar-

the gold belt, but this area shows a more Franklin.

tow, Cobb, Paulding, _Haralson, Fulton,

pronounced development of the veins.

Douglas and Carroll counties. .

The reader who is interested in further details should write to the State Geologist in Atlanta. Bulletins 4-A and 19 of the Georgia Geological Sur,Ney (now out of print but available at many public libraries) give descriptions of all the properties

I NEWLY DISCOVERED KYANITE Go~d deposits. are. also rep_orted in Co-
Previously unrecorded deposits of kyan-llumbia, McDuffie, Lmcoln, Wilkes, Greene, ite have just been located in Talbot, Upson Oglethorpe, Elbert, Madison, Hart, Wal~on,
and Fulton counties by G. w. Crickmay, Newton, Henry, Coweta, Towns,. Umon,
Assistant State Geologist. These deposits Fannin, Gilmer, and Murray counties.

of any past Importance in the gold belt. have possible commercial value in the Present mining activities reported in the

Valuable information relative to methods manufacture of high temperature tefrac- circular are in Lumpkin county, in which

of placer mining, lode mining, milling of tories, such .as fire brick and boiler patch- there are seven main operations; in White

gold ores, etc., can be obtained by writing ing. The mineral has recently been the county, in which there are three operations;

to the Director of the United States Bu- subject of an extensive investigation by the Forsyth county, one; Paulding, small opera-

reau of Mines at Washington, D. C.

D. S. Geological Survey with the coopera- tions in Burnt Hickory Ridge district; in

tion of the Georgia Division of Geology. McDuffie, sever11l small operations aside

FROM A GEOLOGIST'S NOTEBOOK

Coming on the heels of the recent govern- from the Fluker mine, about 12 miles north ment investigation which revealed large of Thomson. occurrences in the North Georgia counties The state geologist announces that the

Thompson, Weinman & Co., Inc., of Car- , of Towns, Union, Fannin, Gilmer, Pickens, circular on gold in Georgia can be obtained tersville, Georgia, have recently establish-~ and Cherokee, Mr. Crickmay's announce- free on request by anyone interested in gold

ed a research laboratory in Cambridge, ment reveals a wide distribution over the production.