Forestry-geological review [Dec. 1935]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPM ,.,..,;:::=::::

Vol. 5

ATLANTA, GA., DECEMBER, 1935

No. 12

SLASH PINE FOREST FESTIVAL

THE IPS ENGRAVER

HELD IN WAYCROSS NOV. 11-16

,BEETLES IN THE SOUTH

POTENTIALITIES OF SECTION STRESSED-EXHIBITS EMPHASIZE PRODUCTION, CONSERVATION AND UTILIZATION OF FOREST PRODUCTS

Dr. T. E. Snyder, Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine, of the Southern Experiment Station, New Orleans, Writes on Damage

The Slash Pine Forest Festival, heralded Pine Seed, to Obtain Best Results."

Done by This Insect.

as the biggest celebration ever staged in Wednesday was designated as "Herty Nearly every year throughout the Gulf

Southeast Georgia, was held in Waycross Day" honoring Dr. Chas. H. Herty, States in summer and early fall, many

during the week of November 11-16.

pioneer in the utilization of pine pulp for pines die infested by the Ips engraver

The Festival was opened with an Armis- the manufacture of paper and rayon. beetles. The dying of these trees is often

tice Day celebration sponsored by Ware Speaking to a large audience, Dr. Herty wrongly attributed to the ravages of the

County Post No. 14 of the American Le- said, "The main drawback to the advance- destructive southern pine beetle. The Ips

gion, with thousands of people thronging ment of the paper and rayon industry, us- beetles normally breed in green felled tim-

the streets.

ing the slash pine, is finances." He showed ber, fresh pine slash, or pines in a dying

Following the gala parade, described by how much cheaper paper could be made condition. When, however, large numbers

old citizens as "the biggest procession from the pines of the south than from of trees have been affected by storms, fire,

South Georgia has ever seen", a life size those of the north. "The slash pine can be drought (rainfall of one inch or more be-

doughboy monument was dedicated at the used for other purposes, and should be low normal during the growing season-

Legion park to the boys from Ware coun- propagated and protected by the people of March to October) or other untoward con-

ty who gave their lives in the World War. southeast Georgia", Dr. Herty said.

ditions and thus materially weakened, these

The program, glorifying a tree which On Wednesday afternoon, Dr. William insects may increase to such proportions

promises to revolutionize the industrial and A. Hartman, regional director for the Re- that they become a menace to healthy tim-

agricultural life of the entire south, includ- settlement Administration division of land ber.

ed educational and entertainment features utilization, with headquarters at Montgom- Much of the direct damage to the living

which surpassed any forest fair previously ery, Alabama, under whose direction the healthy trees is caused by the adult beetles.

held. The festival itself is one of the bright Georgia Coastal Flatwoods Upland Game These beetles bore through the outer bark

spots in the phenominal development of a Conservation project of 30,000 acres is be- into the inner soft layers and construct

program for the preservation and utiliza- ing established near Waycross, gave an in- narrow, long, straight channels or egg gal-

tion of the southern pine.

teresting summary of resettlement work leries that engrave the wood. (In contrast,

A large tobacco warehouse housed the throughout the southeast.

the gallery made by the southern pine

exhibits which demonstrated uses of the He stated in connection with the pro- beetle is a long S-shaped burrow). The first

forest from a recreational and commercial ject near Waycross, "This project is based evidence of attack by engraver beetles is

standpoint. Reporting the location of for- on the purchase of 30,000 acres of land the presence of pitch tubes all along the

est fires by radio was a feature of one ex- immediately south and southeast of Way- stem, or spots and reddish boring dust or

hibit. In addition to booths attractively dec- cross in Ware and Brantley counties.

"sawdust" on the bark, or a slight change

orated showing contrasting areas of burn- Physical, social and economic conditions in the color of the foliage.

ed and unburned woods, there were com- within this project are more or less typical As explained before, the Ips engraver

mercial exhibits of naval stores and other of comparable conditions in the major beetles rarely attack trees that are not dy-

forest products, fire fighting tools and portion of the fourteen adjoining counties. ing or severely weakened; consequently,

equipment and exhibits by local clubs and The economy is based largely on timber direct control measures have not been gen-

business concerns. The Georgia Forest Ser- with only scattered areas developed and erally recommended. Invariably, when con-

vice and the U. S. Forest Service had ex- suitable for farming. Other industries do ditions return to normal, outbreaks disap-

hibits of educational value.

not play an important part in these four- pear. No control measures are recommend-

In one end of the warehouse was the teen counties.

ed for infested trees occuring singly or in

auditorium where programs were held. The development planned for this pro- small numbers, since such trees usually

Prominent speakers from Georgia and ject is to demonstrate how the entire prob- have already begun to die as the result of ~eighboring states discussed questions per- lem area can be returned to its natural injury inflicted by some other agency be-

tinent to the forestry program in the South. uses including wild life conservation, pas- fore they are attacked by the Ips beetles.

Music was furnished by a local band.

turage, recreation and forestry. It should If trees die in large groups (usually 25 or

On Tuesday, November 12, V. L. Harp- result not only in reducing costs that the more trees), felling and barking the in-

er, of the Southern Forest Experiment Sta- local and state governments now bear for fested trees is recommended. Control meth-

t"iTohn,e

Lake City, Method of

CFolollreicdtai'ngga

ve a and

talk on Storing

upkeep of the roads and schools, but should (Continued on Page 2)

ods instituted too late are often responsi(Continued on Page 3)

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVI.EW

Forestry-Geological Review
Published Monthly by the

forestation programs are essential to the Roosevelt has put the forestry program in economic welfare of the nation. He further Georgia ahead fifteen years."

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL. DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta
CLAUDE E. BOGGS, EDITOR

said:

Friday, November 15, was Woman's

"F'rom 1907 to 1929 the decline in the .Club Day. The Lyman Hall Chapter of the

use of lumber averaged two hundred mil- D.A.R., with appropriate exercises, and a

lion board feet annually. In 1929, 55 bil- well arranged program, unveiled a marker

Forestry Division

lion board feet of lumber was used, while on the site of the historic Wildes Massacre.

B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester

in 1932 the amount consumed had decreas- In this massacre, Maxwell Wildes, a fron-

and Secretary of Commission ____Atlanta ed to 10 billion board feet. This decline tier settler of Ware county, his wife and

Claude E. Boggs, Educational Mgr. Atlanta H. M. Sebring, Asst. State Forester, Atlanta

in

1932

was

abnormal,

but

the

fact

re-

six

children

were

brutally

murdered

by

T. P. Hursey, Dist. Forester_______________ Rome mains that substitutes for lumber in con- 'the Indians on July 22, 1838. Taking ac-

W. D. Young, Dist. Fore&ter______Gainesville struction has greatly reduced the South's tive part on this program were Mrs. Dan

S. L. McCrary, Dist. Forester,________Augusta great source of wealth.

Lott, Hon. E. Knotz Bennett, Ruth and

W. G. Wallace, District Forester__Columbus Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester____ Savannah

"Lumber produced from young pine trees Alvin Wildes, descendants of the massacred

R. D. Franklin, Dist. Forester______Waycross which have just been worked for turpen- family, the oldest son Reuben having es-

H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester____Albany tine is just as inferior as beef which comes caped, Mrs. J. I. Brogdon, Hon. Braswell

Mrs. N. N. Edwards, Book Keeper____Atlanta from the butchering of a milch cow. Long Deen, Mr. John M. Cox, Ordinary of Ware Mrs. R. S. Thompson, Treasurer ______Atlanta ago we learned that it was necessary to county, and Mrs. J. L. Walker, pioneer for-

Geological Division

produce one type of cattle for beef and an- estry promoter and Ware county historian.

R. W. Smith, State Geologist ___________Atlanta other type for dairy purposes. This same ap- The members of the Slash Pine Forestry G. W. Crickma_y__,___A__s__s_t__.__S__t__a__t_e___G___e__o_l__o_g_Aisttl,anta plication is going to be essential in the pro- Association, the citizens of Waycross and

Lane Mitchell, Asst. State Geol. ____Atlanta duction of timber for naval stores on the Qthers who cooperated in putting on this

Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk_____________Atlanta one hand and lumber on the other."

festival are to be congratulated on the suc-

Any information appearing in this publication may be used at any time provided proper credit is given.-The Editor.

He pointed to the decline in the use of crossties because of the decline in the activities of railroads, and to the development of the wood turpentine industry which

cess of the undertaking. This project deserves the support of all who are interested in the better care of our forest resources.

SLASH PINE FOREST FESTIVAL has cut the use of gum turpentine.

HELD IN WAYCROSS NOV. 11-16

"The success of the naval stores industry", Mr. Deen continued, "depends not

MEMORIAL TO BONNELL STONE IN BRONZE

(Continued from Page 1)

only on a satisfactory export trade, tariff

also in time create a new source of wealth regulation and domestic consumption of Tablet at Vogel Park Unveiled at

through increase in values of natural re- these products, but also on the finding of Ceremonies Conducted by Geor-

sources in this area.

new uses both of naval stores products and gia Forestry Association.

The location of the project includes nine the timber supplies from which the pro-

miles of frontage on U. S. Highway No. 1, ducts are derived."

A bronze tablet was unveiled at Neel

which is one of the main highways to Flor- Mr. Deen asserted that it is not surpris- Gap recently as a memorial to the late

ida, and this will greatly increase the value ing that the people of the southeast are Bonnell Stone, a founder and former sec-

of the demonstration.

vitally interested in the sowing of carpet retary of the Georgia Forestry Association,

The development of recreational facili- grass seed on their waste lands as a founda- and a former Georgia legislator of note,

ties and the deer, wild turkey and other tion for a great cattle industry, and in the who died recently at Oxford, Georgia.

game on the area will attract the tourist development of the great pulp and paper The tablet at Neel Gap, situated on the

and others interested in shooting the game industry which will utilize the pine trees site of the New Vogel Park, the donation

both with cameras and guns. Some opti- that grow in the southeast more rapidly of which he inspired, bore the following

mistic technicians predict that fees from than in any other section of the world.

inscription:

the sale of hunting and camping privileges He strongly commended the work of Dr. "Erected to the memory of Bonnell

alone will more than repay the maintenance Chas. H. Herty in the laboratory in Savan- Stone by the Georgia Forestry Association,

costs within a few years. Part of the project will

be

developed

nah, and declared that there is not the slightest doubt that pine pulp will be used

of which he was a founder and secretary. His public service as a trained forester

to demonstrate the practicability of correlating livestock grazing with game and for-

in the manufacture of the bulk of news.print and other forms of paper in the fu-

merits him the distinction of being the father of forestry in Georgia. He inspired

estry management.

ture.

the donation of Vogel Park."

This multiple-use program to be established on this project will provide profitable employment to many. It will also give some training in conservation work in all of its phases to those living on the area and the influence of this training should in time spread to the surrounding community and gradually result in sound land use

State Forester B. M. Lufburrow, under whose direction the state forestry program is conducted, was the principal speaker Thursday evening.
In his talk Mr. Lufburrow warned against cutting trees too young, and urged the same attention to young forests that is given the average business by its owner.

Tribute was paid to this eminent forester by T. G. Woolford, president of the Georgia Forestry Association; Judge Ogden Persons, of Forsyth; H. L. Kayton and W. T. Anderson, of Macon, Miss Emily Wood ward of Vienna, C. F. Evans, assistant re gional forester for the U. S. Government, Paul Chapman of Athens; Tom Candler of Blairsville; Jack Lance, President of Young

programs an over the section."

"There are three great industries con- Harris College, B. M. Lufburrow, Georgia

Thursday was dedicated to Braswell nected with forestry, all holding a great State Forester, and J. C. Kircher, United

gia District, sponsor of national legisla- 'future for Georgia", he said, listing them States Regional Forester.

tion for developing the paper industry in as the growing of timber for pulp, for nav- After the dedicatory exercises, Mr. Wool-

Deen, Congressman from the Eighth Geor- al stores and for lumber.

ford entertained fifty guests at lunch, and

the south. Speaking on "What Practical He commended the Slash Pine Forest a meeting of the Georgia Forestry Asso-

Forestry Means to the Southeast", Mr. Festival for its work in boosting all three ciation executive committee ensued in the

Deen asserted that proper protection of of these industries, and asserted that "the afternoon.

the forests from fire and constructive re- forestry scheme sponsored by President

See Photo on Page 4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

SANTO DOMINGO STATE

LOCAL COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN LYONS CLUB OF CLINCH

PARK IS FORMALLY

Major W. L. Harwell, General Chairman.

COUNTY SPONSORS

OPENED TO THE PUBLIC Finance, M. J. Welch; Fish Fry, Edo Mil-

FORESTRY PROGRAM

ler; Grounds, Fernando Torras; Invitations,

Deed of Gift Presented by Cator Woolford, Atlanta, Accepted for Stale hy Go:vernor Talmadge-Notables Attend Exercises.

Col. T. L. Huston; Ladies, Mrs. K. G. Berrie, Military Affairs, Maj. H. T. Mayberry, Music, A. S. Kloss;Police, Chief Goodwin, Chief Register; Publicity, C. H. Leavy, Re-

Prominent Citizens Special Forestry Homer:ville.

Appear On Program at

ception, Malcolm B. McKinnon; First Aid

The formal presentation to the state of Station, Dr. Lovick W. Pierce.

The Lions Club of Homerville was host

the land on which Santo Domingo State

on Friday night, October 18 to the teachers

Park stands was made by Cator Woolford, Atlanta, at elaborate exercises at the park on November 22. Mr. Woolford, in tendering this acreage to the state for park pur.poses, stated that it was his desire to preserve as much of the early history of the state as possible, and this section of

AIRPLANES ARE USED ECONOMICALLY BY ALABAMA IN FORESTRY WORK
Mapping, Fire Detection and Other Forest Functions Are Materially Aided by Operation of Airplane.

of Clinch County, entertaining with a banquet and a special program on forestry. The program was featured by addresses by Charlie Evans, Assistant U. S. Regional Forester, and Claude E. Boggs, Educational Director of the Georgia Department of Forestry.

Georgia was of most historic importance. That airplanes have long been used as The Homerville Lions Club has for some-

Governor Talmadge accepted the deed and an adjunct to forestry as well as to com- time been vitally interested in forestry in

expressed the appreciation of the people merce and military operations is pointed Clinch county and in the state, and is now

of Georgia for so splendid a gift, not only out by the Alabama Commission of Fores- sponsoring through the schools of the coun-

for its value as a memorial, but as a recre- try. It early was found that timber recon- ty an educational program on forestry.

ational center.

naissance, general mapping, fire detection This is the first club in the state to make

Governor Talmadge is chairman of the and a number of other forest functions forestry one of their major activities, and

Commission of Forestry and Geological De- could be aided and expedited through the should be congratulated for the very large

velopment, the Forestry Division of which use of airplanes with greater economy part they have played in making Clinch

administers state parks.

than in any other way.

county one of the most "forestry-minded"

Mr. J. M. Mallory, Savannah, a member The establishment in many of the states counties in Georgia.

of the Commission, was chairman of the of official aviation boards has contributed Forestry is included as a regular part of

program committee, and Major W. L. Har- greatly toward advancing all branches of the curriculum of each Clinch county

well, Brunswick, presided over the dedica- aviation. State forestry departments using school, through the leadership of Mrs. S.

tion exercises.

airplanes in their work thus find added co- C. Patterson, County School Superintend-

The program follows:

operation available to them in carrying out ent, and the co-operation of the Lions club.

DEDICATION EXERCISES

the responsibilities best performed by air- Because of this, the children of Clinch

SANTO DOMINGO STATE PARK

craft. In Alabama, in particular, the action county are becoming well trained in fores-

Brunswick, Georgia

of the Legislature of 1935 in establishing try, which is a real industry in this county,

November 22, 1935-10:30 A. M.

such a board is viewed by the forest inter- where forests are money crops, and 95 per

Major W. L. Harwell, Presiding

ests with strong approval.

cent of the land is in timber.

Although some public forestral agencies This program of forestry education, so

Music-Selected-Band.

use several planes the Alabama State beneficial to the county in which it is car-

Invocation-Rev. Jos. G. Callaghan, S. Commission of Forestry has but one. The ried out was originated by two of the coun-

M., Brunswick.

Commission's plane has been used in a ty's public spirited citizens, Mr. A. K. Ses-

Santo Domingo Park Site - What the great variety of forest work with a distinct sions, of Cogdell, a member of the Commis-

Park Means to Coastal Georgia-Mrs G. saving in costs. In fire protection alone, sion of the State Department of Forestry,

V. Cate, Brunsw~ck.

after the use of an airplane was adopted and Mr. W. M. Ottmeier, manager of the

Cooperation of Emergency Conservation Work-Hon. Robert Fechner, Director E. C. W., Washington, D. C.

it was found that it enabled the Commission to reduce the cost of the work by a net amount of approximately $2000 a year above the expense of operating the plane.

Superior Pine Products Corporation. These men have sacrificed time and effort in their co-operation with Mrs. Patterson, and the Lions club in putting across one of the

Cooperation by Army-Gen. George Van -Released by Alabama State Commission finest forestry programs in the state of

Horn Moseley, Commandant Fourth Corps of Forestry. Area, Atlanta.

Georgia. These two gentlemen, Mrs. Patterson, the Lions club, and the teachers of

Cooperation by Department of Interior THE IPS ENGRAVER

Clinch county are to be congratulated.

-National Park Service - Conrad L.

BEETLES IN THE SOUTH

Wirth, Assistant Director, E.C.W., Nation-

(Continued from Page 1)

al Park Service, Washington, D. C.

ble for the insects breeding up in large

Fred B. Merrill Honored

Santo Domingo Park's Place in Georgia State Park System - Mrs. M. E. Judd, Chairman, Parks Committee of Commission, Dalton.

Music-Selected-Band.

Presentation of Deed to Santo Domingo

State Park - Cator Woolford Donor of

P&rk site, Atlanta

'

Acceptance - Governor Eugene Tal~dge, Chairman, Commission of Forestry

numbers. It often happens that trees are felled and the bark removed or burned after the insects which have attacked the trees have developed a brood and left the trees.
It is essential that all trees containing the living insects be treated. Some of these will still have green foliage or foliage that is only slightly faded, in which case boring dust or pitch tubes on the bark should be looked for as evidence of attack. When the

Fred B. Merrill, State Forester of Mississippi, was elected vice president and member of the executive committee of the National Association of State Foresters, which held its annual meeting at Montpelier, Vermont, early in October. Mr. Merrill was Assistant State Forester in Georgia from November, 1927, to August, 1929, when he was appointed state forester for Mississippi. His friends in Georgia are

and Geological Development.

foliage has turned brown, the insects have pleased to take note of this honor, and ex-

1 :80 P. M.-Fish Fry for invited guests. already abandoned the trees.

tend warm congratulations.

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

MORE OR LESS PERSONAL

promises to get results under the- efficient

The Forestry-Geological Review ac-

FIRST DISTRICT

hands of Herman Pinson.

knowledges with pleasure continued receipt of THE DIXIE RANGER, issued by theRegional Office of the U. S. Forest Service in

T. P. Hursey, Dist. Forester, ROME

The Pickens-Dawson TPO has hired two men to canvass the two counties in order to get as many acres as possible in the

Atlanta, and finds this publication full of

unit before they burn over. They have

interest.

Well, folks, everything in district number one is on the up grade.

agreed to use a fire suppression system shnilar to the Ellijay TPO, beginning Decem-

It is noted that the November issue of This district has six TPO's and nearly ber 1st.

the Central of Georgia Magazine, published every one of them has a different system of

at Savannah, Georgia, is printed on paper fire suppression. For that reason a report

made from Georgia pines, and contains a is sent in by each TPO twice monthly to

very interesting article in regard to the be studied by the district forester and the

splendid work of Dr. Herty.

TPO secretaries. We expect to determine

which method is the most "eco-effective"

THIRD DISTRICT
S. L. McCrary, Dist. Forester, Augusta

Having no youngsters of their own, State by the end of this fire season.

Geologist and Mrs. Richard W. Smith have adopted an eight-months old baby girl whom they have named Anne Wellington. Anne is the first baby in the Georgia Geological Survey. The second is the little grandson of Mrs. E. M. Watkins, William Andrew McCullough, son of Mr. and Mrs. Claud McCullough, who arrived Novembe1 4th.
Mr. and Mrs. Edwin H . .Sims announce

In order to give each county in this district its full opportunity in forestry, a form news article was written, in which blanks were left for the various factors. From the 1930 census their annual income was figured. Their possible income was figured from the number of forested acres and probable annual yield per acre.
Pictures have been shown by the extension forester from Athens at Ellijay, Canton, and Waleska.

T. P. 0. Notes
The name of Green County TPO has been given to the organization formerly known as Woodville TPO. It is impossible to report the total acreage at the time of. writing this report, as new areas are being sigr~ed up and other land owners have promised that they will come into the organization in the near future.
Middle Georgia TPO, with J. H. Bal-

the arrival of a daughter on November 14 This little lady bears the name Anne Bessellieu.
Mr. Sims is superintendent of State Park Construction.

The Martha Berry TPO has increased several thousand acres during 'the month October 18 to November 18, but none of it has been approved by the district forester yet due to the fact .that it is rather

com, of Jeffersonville, as temporary secretary is organizing. Meetings of land owners are being held and the importance of fire prevention is being stressed. We are able to report a nucleus of 8,000 acres in this organization.

-------------------------------- There is just off the press a textbook
on forestry titled "AN OUTLINE OF GENERAL FORESTRY" by Professor J . S. Illick, of New York State College of Forestry. We mention this because of the demand for a forestry textbook, and because this book is up to date, carefully

scattered.
The Lookout Mountain TPO has increased a great deal, but much of the increase has not been approved as yet.
Ellijay TPO, is better fixed financially than any other in the district. A fire suppression plan has been inaugurated which

Twiggs county has a standing reward for the arrest and conviction of fire bugs. Several land owners have offered personal rewards for conviction of anyone setting fire to the woods. The organization hopes to put on a patrolman as soon as funds sufficient for this purpose are available.

prepared and arranged, and the statisti-

cal data it contains is accurate, and ap-

plicable to all sections of the country.

The readers gf the REVIEW have been kept advised from time to time of the progress of Marion Renfroe of Quitman, Ga., in his experimental planting of pines and corn. We are very glad to note that Marion has been given a scholarship at the University of Georgia to study forestry. This scholarship has been awarded by t.he Georgia Forestry Association, in recognition of his unusual work.
In his work on his home project, Renfroe has a nursery of young seedlings and is now experimenting with the control of pine diseases. He contends that while the fore stry interests are stressing the prevention of forest fires, two or three diseases that attack pines are a very serious menace and that preventive work shoula be undertaken while the pines are very young.

"It's a girl", Gene Bothwell announced on the morning of October 27th, and she will be called Mary Louise. Gene is architect in the Parks division of the forestry department.

Tablet unveiled to. Bonnell Stone, October 25, at Vogel Park

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

5

~~~~~~===: The Hurricane Creek TPO recently pur- Slash Pine Forestry Association

SIXTH DISTRICT
Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester, Savannah

chased a tractor and plow and has started This association was organized just re-

operations. This TPO has never had any cently to promote the development of the

ECW work but is going ahead and plan- forestry resources of the slash pine re-

ning its own protective system.

gion. Its officers are K. S. Varn, Wares-

boro, president; A. V. Kennedy, Waycross,

Tar City T. P. 0.

The Consolidated TPO is making plans J. K. Larsen, Hoboken, and A. K. Sessoms,

The Board of Directors of the Tar City to purchase a Radio broadcasting outfit to Cogdell, vice presidents; G. M. Bazemore,

timber protective organization held a meet- be used in fire protection work. This in- Waycross, treasurer; J. S. Elkins, Way-

ing recently and perfected plans to pur- eludes the central transmitter, six radio cross, secretary.

chase a tractor and plow unit for use in patrol cars, and fifty receiving sets to be The directors are J. F. Adams, Nahunta;

maintaining primary firebreaks that have installed in various trucks, cars, towers, R. E. Benedict, Brunswick; W. S. Booth, been constructed by the camp located in private homes, and turpentine stills. This Manor; Herbert Bradshaw, Waycross; Mrs.
I Reidsvi.lle. ~n addition t~ maintenan:e work TPO has also already started building the E. D. Dimmock, Waycross; Lindsey Grace,
the umt will be used m constructmg sec- TPO headquarters and dispatching center Screven; L. B. Harrell, Waycross; Dr. Chas.

ondary firebreaks on the protected area. with the assistance of the CCC Camp at H. Herty, Savannah; J. H. King, Way-

The Tar City T. P. 0. covers lands in Homerville.

cross; L. E. Mallard, Folkston; E. E. Miles,

Tatnall and Toombs counties, and recently

Baxley; R. M. Milliken, Jesup; W. L. Mil-

was extended to cover the lands in Evans county which lie west of the Canoochee river. The T.P.O. has a full time manager and all protective activities are under the supervision of the manager and all work is paid for on a per acre assessment basis.
Seed Collection
The quota of seed assigned to the Sa-

All TPO's in this District cooperated to put up an exhibit at the Forest Festival in Waycross and the exhibit was a real credit to their efforts and interest and drew much attention at the Festival. P. B. Copeland, Secretary of the Hurricane Creek TPO; J. M. DuPuis, Appling County TPO; L. F. Morey, Coffee-Jeff Davis TPO, and John

ler, Lakeland; M. M. Monroe, Waycross; W. M. Ottmeier, Fargo; J. A. Pearson, Alma; Miss Winifred Quarterman, Waycross; W. N. Smith, Waycross; W. G. Townsend, Waycross; Mrs. J. L. Walker, Waycross; R. B. Zachry, Waycross.
The association's first venture was to organize the Slash Pine Forest Festival at Waycross with the view of making it an

vannah district for collection has been gathered and are now in process of being

Hanger, Assistant Secretary Coffee-Jeff Davis TPO, put up the exhibit.

annual event. Further plans are now being considered

cleaned. After the seed have been thor- The Suwannee TPO under the supervis- for conducting a cooperative campaign in

oughly cleaned we will have 550 pounds of ion of W. M. Ottmeier has a new plow for forestry development through the establish-

slash, 350 pounds of longleaf and 100 pounds of loblolly pine. The seed will be used at the state nursery in Albany to grow seedlings to supply the ever-increasing demand for seedlings by land owners over the state. The seed crop this year was light as compared to last season, but they are unusually good and the percent of faulty seed is low.

maintaining secondary breaks and it really makes a good clean break. Anyone interested can see the plow in operation at Bill's place in Fargo.
SOCIETY OF AMERICAN FORESTERS WILL HOLD ANNUAL MEET IN ATLANTA

ment of pulp and paper mills, livestock ranches and fish and game preserves.
The possibilities in the pine belt of the south are limited only by the effort that is properly applied to the development of its pine timber resources and the objective of this new association is to apply the effort.Coastal Plains Journal.

E. C. W. Notes
Camp P-63 is making good progress on

The Society of American Foresters will

the towers they are building in Wheeler hold its 35th annual session in Atlanta Jan-

IMPORTANCE OF FIRE PREVENTION

county. This is the third tower to be erect- uary 27, 28, and 29, 1936, the headquar- The oft-repeated caution in regard to

ed-on the Ocmulgee TPO area. . As soon as final approval is obtained, a

ters to be at the Ansley Hotel. The committee on arrangements is: Jos. C. Kircher, Chairman; B. M. Lufburrow, State Fores-

keeping fire out of the woods is more important today than ever. As new uses are fou.nd for forest products the trees become

81de camp will be established to finish the ter for Georgia and Chas. F. Evans of the more valuable, and it is therefore more im-

uncompleted work on the Liberty-Longl U. S. Forest Service Regional Office, At- portant to keep out fires.

area. The side camp will be located at the lanta.

Every acre of forested land should be

old site of Camp P-53 which was recently Topics of current interest will be dis- under fire protection. It is as necessary as

abandoned, and will use Camp P-82 Reids- cussed on the program. Some of them are: fire insurance on your house or your aa.to-

ville, as a base.

'

Trends and Requirements for Newsprint mobile. There is also the advantage of

Paper from' Southern Woods, by C. P. having a portion of the expenditures re-

Winslow of the Wisconsin Section; Educa- funded to every member of a timber pro-

SEVENTH DISTRICT

tional subjects, S. T. Dana of Ann Arbor, tective organization.

Russell Franklin, Dist. Forester Waycross

Michigan; Land Utilization and Planting, Verne Rhoades of the Appalachian Section.

Land owners, think this over. The following table shows increase in

Gordon D. Marckworth, Head of the acreage in the last 30 days:

Forestry School of the University of Geor-

T. P. 0. Items
The Appling County TPO recently held its regular Director's meeting at the Baxley C.C.C. camp on the invitation of the Commanding Officer and Superintendent ~-c.- Brown. Congressman Deen and Mr.
F. Burch, Jr., were present at this meeting and all were shown around the C&mp. and had various phases of the work explained -to thern.

gia will discuss "A Substitute for the N. R. A.", and C. F. Korstian of Duke University, Durham, N. C., is chairman in charge of committee reports, CCC activities, and will have as his subject for discussion, "Timber Stand Improvement."
The Annual Banquet will be held Tuesday evening, January 28, and field excursions will close the session on Wednesday afternoon, January 29.

b't ~ ~

r~;.r.-A~c~

c~
.o+J~re.~l.l

t
as.,
:os<t

: : i:
. . ...~~.... _=+l.'0." ~, 0p~.~ .,!..:.;,.

tO
-!c!fPf--44 Eo-<u<.S

I 1 IT. P. Hursey I 240,0251 8501 .3 I 240,875

2 IW. D. Young I 99,600 ----- ____

99,600

I s IS. L. McCrary I 33,370 9,930 29.7 43,300
4 IW. G. Wallace I 200,000 ___________ I--- 200,000

6 !Jack Thurmond! 758,6081 42,00015.5 800,608

7 IR. D. Franklinl2,167,614 60,000 2.7 12,227,614

8 IH. D. Story, Jr.l 794,1961 ----------

I 794,196

I

14.293,4131112,7801 14.406,193

FIRE PROTECTION PAYS.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

A recent Service Letter issued by the SUGAR CAUSES BRILLIANT

A CHRISTMAS LEGEND

Pennsylvania Department of Forests and

TREE COLORS OF AUTUMN

Waters, contained the following essay en-

titled

It's not an early frost, as commonly

supposed, that produces the most colorful

"THE FORESTER"

autumn leaves, says the United States Forest Service. It's a late frost-and the

"The forester is an amateur woodsman sugar in the leaf-that gives us the bril-

with a college education.

liant colors. Just the right combination of

"There are two classes of foresters. One temperature and moisture is needed. The

class believes in keeping abreast of those best colors come when the thermometer

broad dynamic movements of the present doesn't quite reach the freezing point for

day that challenge the best efforts of the several weeks during the latter part of

nation's thinkers. The other class fights September and through October.

fire, builds truck trails, plants trees, and Sil~icu1turists explain that before the

wears old clothes.

leaves fall a layer of cells forms at the

"Some foresters have offices, some live in Washington, and some work in the woods. Lots of foresters spend practically their entire lives iR God's great out-of-doors. They love to hunt and fish. They would, too, if they only had time.

base of the leaf, which ultimately loosens the leaf, and, when it drops off, forms a scar. If frost doesn't arrive too soon, this layer forms early and quickly. It holds more sugar in the leaf and the sweet sap causes the brillant reds and oranges and yellows that delight the eye. This is not

"It used to be said that a forester's best only true of the gorgeous sugar maples in

friends were his horse and his axe. Today the north, but of most of the colorful hard-

a forester has no need for a horse, and he wood trees-the oaks, elms, birches, other

might cut himself with an axe. Years ago maples, sweet gum, black gum, hickory,

most every forester wore a big Stetson hat, dogwood, and many others. When frost

and carrid a gun on his hip and a flask in .comes too early the leaves dry and lose

his pocket. Nowdays big Stetson hats are their sugar before they have time to take

only worn in the movies, and you hardly on high color.

ever see a forester carrying a gun.

"An interesting thing about a forester's life is that he meets all kinds of people

NEW U.

S. BULLETINS

ISSUED

from hobos to multi-millionaires. It is not uncommon for a forester to have the priv- Available From Government Prin,t-

ilege of personally doing favors for a mil- ing Office at Small Cost.

lionaire tourist. However, there is no re-

cord of a millionaire tourist ever doing a favor for a forester. But even if they don't make much money, it's nice, steady work and they have lots of fun.
"Another satisfactory thing about a forester's career is that he is his own master, absolutely independent and answerable to no orie for his professional conduct. That is, except to his wife, ladies' garden clubs, sportsmen's associations, nature lovers, newspaper editors, and local politicians.

Wood users of the United States will find information of value in two Forest Products Laboratory publications that are now available from the Government Prnting of-
fice at small cost. One, a handbook dealing with strength
and related properties of woods grown in the United States brings up to date the tables and other material contained in Technical Bulletin No. 556 of the U. S. Department of Agriculture, and includes data

"Forestry is a very pleasant profession on additional species. It is published as

because it is so easy to get ahead. Many Technical Bulletin No. 479 of the Depart-

foresters graduate from college with only a ment.

few debts and Immediately get a job and a The other, designated as Miscellaneous

wife. In about ten years time in addition to Publication No. 224, is a manual on the pre-
the same job and the same wife, they have I servative treatment of wood by pressure.

more debts and five kids. That's why for- It is the first manual in existence covering

As the Christmas season approaches, it may be of interest to print a legend of the first Christ tree.
"It was Christmas Eve, long ago. Winifred; first Christian bishop of Germany, had seized an axe to destroy the ancient Thunder Oak, symbol of the great pagan god Thor, while around him the German people stood in awe.
A strong, whirling wind passed over the tree tops. It gripped the oak by its branches and tore it from the roots. Backward it fell like a ruined tower, groaning and crashing as it split asunder in four great pieces.
Winifred let his axe drop and bowed his head for a moment in the presence of almighty power. Then he turned to the people. "Here is the timber", he cried, "already felled and split for your new building. On this spot shall riiie a chapel to the true God."
"And here", said he, as his eyes fell on a young fir tree standing straight and green, with its top pointing toward the stars, amid the divided ruins of the fallen oak, "here is the living tree with no stain of blood upon it, that shall be the sign of your new worship. See how it. points to the sky. Call it the tree of the Christ-child. Take it up and carry it to the Chieftan's hall. You shall go no more into the forest to keep ydur feasts with secret rites. You shall keep them at home, with laughter and songs and rites of lo.ve. The thunder-oak has fallen, and I think the day is coming when there shall not be a home in all Germany where the children are not gathered around the green fir tree to rejoice in the birth
night of Christ." So they took the little fir from its place
and carried it in joyous procession to the edge of the glade and laid it on the sledge. The horses tossed their heads and drew their load bravely, as if the new burden
had made it lighter. When they came to the house of Bund-
har, he bade them throw open the doors of the hall and set the tree in the midst of it. They kindled lights among the branches until it seemed to be tangled full of fire flies. The children encircled it, wondering, and the sweet odour of the balsam filled
the house."

esters are so happy."
Copied from PARK SERVICE BULLETIN, U. S.D. 1., Washington.

the entire field of pressure preservative treatments, and contains numerous examples of practical applications that should be of value to engineers.

A stump of a giant cypress tree grown during the glacial era was uncovered by subway workmen Aug. 6, 1031, at Eighth and Locust Streets in Philadelphia. It was

Pruning young timber is a direct and certain way to hasten the tree's process of producing clear, knot-free lumber. Knots are cross-cuts of branches, and just as long

Rubber, Rosin, Gum Arabic, Myrrh, Gutta Percha, Cop8.l, Dyes and Tans, Turpentine, Acetic Acid, Camphor, Cellophane, Explosives, Celluloid and Rayon-all come from various trees.

found 38 feet below the surface of the street and 10 feet below sea level. The <~tump measured 17 feet in circumference.
The November meeting of the Georgia Mineral Society at the State Capitol, was

as branches or branch stubs continue to

the largest meeting of the group held to

sUck out from the bole of the tree, so long Fond Mommer: "Yis, Agnes be studyin' date. Approximately thirty persons were

will the wood added year by year remain French and Algebra. Say 'good mornin' ' present. William B. Pitts addressed the

a poor prospect for .the sawyer.

to the lady in Algebra, Agnes."

society and displayed his gem exhibit.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

naturally active clay of commercial grade

MINERALS OF GEORGIA

occur in northcentral Thomas County and to a lesser extent in Grady County. These

Brief Accounts of Occurrences and Developments of the State's

deposits constitute valuable reserves, and should the beds now being mined become

Leading Minerals

depleted or should the market be expand-

ed, Thomas and Grady counties would be

Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

in line for commercial development.

The later investigation by Mr. Munyan

THE BLEACHING CLAYS OF GEORGIA
By
Harry X. Bay and Arthur C. Munyan Published by permission of the Director,
U. S. Geological Survey
ARTICLE III

houn, and Early counties. The most extensive outcrops of the formation are in the upland areas of Pulaski, Dooly and Sumter counties, and it is here that prospecting is likely to prove the most fruitful.

showed the presence of considerable activable clay in the Hawthorn. The exposures that yielded the most promising material are, in Grady County, a few miles east of Cairo and just north of the Florida boundary; in Brooks County, in the southeast

Miocene (Hawthorn) naturally active day corner, just west of the Withlacoochee

The Miocene Hawthorn formation in River; and in Colquitt County, several Georgia has never been formally described miles west of Moultrie.

Oligocene (Flint River) Clay

under that name. Veatch and Stephen-

SUMMARY

son's[2] Alum Bluff formation and Marks

The Oligocene Flint River formation[1 ] Head marl and part. of their Altamaha Bleaching clays are known to occur with-

of Georgia consists principally of bright- formation[a].

in five geologic formations in Georgia -

red clayey sand, with which are associat- The Hawthorne formation in Georgia is the Ordovician Chickamauga limestone, the ed beds of iron-stained, more or less sandy generally light-colored. It contains much Eocene Midway formation, the Eocene

clay, that is pale-green to greenish-gray and light-gray, unctuous, plastic to hard and brittle or soft and mealy. This material is a naturally active bleaching agent for oils, as well as being itself activable.

fine sand mingled with white clay. Coarse sand and angular gravel are also common, and parts of the formation are hardened to sandstone. Associated with these sands and clays are extensive beds of drab, gray,

Barnwell formation, the Oligocene Flint River formation, and the Miocene Hawthorn formation. Both naturally active and activable clays are represented.
Inferior activable clay occurs in the

In activability the Flint River clay is somewhat similar to the Ordovician bentonite found in the northwestern part of the State. Although no volcanic ash structures have been reported from this material, its appearance and acid activability suggest a derivation from volcanic ash, and it is possible that this zone is correlative with the extensive bentonite zone in the Oligocene of Mississippi and elsewhere.
Several exposures of Oligocene bentonitic (?) clay were visited by Mr. Bay during the initial survey. He noted the occurrence of beds near Cordele, Crisp County; Montezuma, Dooly County; Oglethorpe, Macon County; and Americus, Sumter County. In the later investigation by Mr. Munyan a great many more exposures were located, but most of them are of no commercial interest at present. There are two, however, which may be worthy of attention-one east of Americus and the other northwest of Vienna, in Dooly County. The time

and greenish-gray fuller's earth, and mottled gray and tan bentonitic (?) clays.
The Hawthorn formation occupies a broad hilly belt (Tifton upland or "wiregrass region") that extends from the Florida line to Waynesboro and lies between the lowlands bordering the Flint River (Dougherty plain) and the coastal terraces. It underlies the terrace deposits and is exposed in some of the valleys that cut through them.
The fuller's earth in the Hawthorn formation is light-gray to greenish gray, unctuous, hard and brittle. The fracture is either hackly or conchoidal. In many places where the overburden is thick the earth contains lenses of hard clayey limestone and small masses of crystalline calcite. The bleaching-clay bed is usually directly overlain by a thin bed of gray or bluish-gray plastic, gumbolike clay ("short-bread").
The fuller's earth of the Hawthorn for-

Chickamauga limestone in Chattooga, Dade, and Walker counties. The commercial possibilities of this clay are doubtful.
Naturally active clay is found in the Midway formation in Stewart County, but it is not sufficiently active to compete with present-day commercial clays.
Extensive beds of clay occur in the Twiggs clay member of the Barnwell formation in Crawford, Houston, Jones, Twiggs, Washington, and Wilkinson counties. Fuller's earth is being pro.duced from beds at this horizon in Twiggs and Wilkinson counties. This clay is activable as well as being naturally active, and locally it may be sufficiently activable to justify acid treatment.
Bentonite-like clays are found in the Flint River formation in Crisp, Dougherty, Dooly, Macon, and Sumter counties. These materials are activable, and certain beds may meet commercial requirements.

available permitted only a very hurried mation differs from that of the Barnwell Extensive deposits of high-grade natur-

survey of the clays in the Flint River for- formation in that for the most part its ally active clay are found in the Hawthorn

mation, and it is possible that further ex- bleaching efficiency is not affected by acid formation in southwestern Georgia. These

amination will disclose beds that are ex- treatment. An exception was noted near beds support large commercial bleaching-

tensive enough and activable enough to Ochlocknee, in Thomas County, where sam- clay operations.

support commercial development. It is ples of the Hawthorn from a bore hole Activable clay that may prove, with fu-

thought that a thorough investigation of proved to be truly activable. In many oc- ture work, to be of commercial value, has

the Flint River outcrop is warranted by the currences the plastic "short-bread" that also been discovered in the Hawthorn.

data now at hand. The formation extends overlies the true fuller's earth is activable

southwestward from the Oconee River in to a degree approaching that of the Ordo-

1The Deposits of Vicksburg (Oligocene) age in

Laurens County across Pulaski, Dooly, vician bentonite of northwestern Georgia. Georgia and adjacent regions. formerly -correlated

and Sumter counties where the outcrop di-
videa. One tongue 'roughly follows the
COU1'8e of the Flint River in a narrow belt

The fuller's earth beds in the Hawthorn formation of southwestern Georgia support the most extensive bleaching-clay op-

with the Glendon limestone of Alabama, are probably somewhat younger than the typical Glendon. and have recently been named "Flint River formation" by C. W. Cooke (Am. Assn. Petroleum Geol-

&cro88 Crisp, Dougherty, Mitchell, Grady,

&trnedndDsecsoatuutrhwcoeustnwtiaersd'

and the other in a broken

tongue belt of

outerops through Terrell, Randolph, Cal-

erations within the State. At the present time deposits in Decatur County contribute an appreciable part of the total world production of fuller's earth. Large deposits of

ogists Bull. vol. 19, p. 1170, August, 1935).
2 Veatch, Otto, and Stephenson, L. W., Geology of the Coastal Plain of Georgia: Georgia Geol.
. Survey Bull. 26, 1911. a Cooke, C. W., Oral communication.

8

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

COLUMBUS HIGH SCHOOL PRAISES MINERAL MUSEUM

"Division of Geology,

425 State Capitol,

Atlanta, Georgia.

Gentlemen:

I wish to thank your department for the

interesting' collection of minerals, rocks

and clays received here at the Columbus

High School earlier in the fall. There are

seventy-five specimens, the same numper of

block mounts, identification cards and sev-

eral descriptive booklets. Everything was

so well packed and marked that it was a

pleasure to set them up for display.

I am sending a photograph of the display

under separate cover. In this case the cabi-

net is opened on one side to offset the light

reflections of the camera. Otherwise the

cabinet is kept closed and secured with

screws. The bottom of the cabinet door does

not hide any of the displays as it may seem

from the photograph. When closed enough

to read the cards, everything shows up

clearly.

This collection is creating a great deal

of interest, especially to the science group,

and is quite a desirable addition to the de-

partment. I intend to call special attention

to it on any occasion when visitors come to

the school.

We appreciate very much your loan of

this collection and shall see that it is prop-

erly taken care of, that is, studied as a mu-

seum display and not handled.

I wish to acknowledge here the coopera-

tion of Mr. Walter Pike, secretary of the Cabinet for display of museum of the common rocks and minerals of Georgia-Columbus

Chamber of Commerce, in securing this

High School, Columbus, Ga.

collection for us. I have personally talked ----------------- -----------~------

with him and expressed my thanks. .Yours very truly, G. N. THOMAS;

seums of the United States contain specimens of his work and he has given large collections to the Academy of Sciences in

FROM A GEOLOGIST'S
NOTEBOOK
The school museums of Georgia rocks and

Science Department, San F'rancisco and to the State Capitol at minerals which are being distributed by the

Columbus High School." Boise, Idaho. A small but beautiful collec- Division of Geology have already been sent

tion, donated several years ago to the High to a number of schools. Other sets are be-

Art Museum, has attracted the attention of ing held at the Capitol pending the delivery

PITTS' COLLECTION OF

many Atlantians.

to some representatives of schools who are

GEM STONES ARE ON

The present exhibit at the Capitol is not to call for them. A total of eighty sets have

DISPLAY AT CAPITOL a traveling exhibit but was brought by Mr. 1,1.lready been prepared, each set containing

A temporary exhibit of over two thous- Pitts to show to his numerous Georgia seventy-five specimens, mounting blocks,

and beautiful specimens of cut and polished gem stones, petrified wood, and colored stones from all over the world will be on

friends and to stimulate an interest in his native State in the collection and polishing

labels, and literature. Enthusiastic acknowledgements are being received daily. A letter from the Columbus High School is re-

display during November and December in of stones as a hobby. It features a uniform- produced in this issue along with a photo-

the State Museum on the fourth floor of ly mounted educational exhibit of 80 gem graph of their cabinet and mineral set.

the State Capitol, according to the State stones, an especially beautiful collection of Night prospecting with an ultra-violet

Geologist, Mr. Richard W. Smith. These rough and polished opals, and severai trans- lamp revealed considerable uranophane and

stones were all collected, cut and polished parent slabs that resemble natural land- hyalite on some of the granite at Stone

by Mr. William B. Pitts of Sunnyvale, California, formerly of Atlanta. Mr. Pitts, scape views.

Mountain. G. W. Crickmay, Lane Mitchell, and Wm. Pitts obtained a number of ex-

who is now visiting his brother, Mr. Thom-

cellent specimens on a recent trip to the

as H. Pitts, of Casa Lorna, Cascade Road, Hundreds of school children and other mountain. Although of no commercial im-

became interested years ago in collecting visitors have already availed themselves of portance, these minerals are of interest be-

and cutting stones as a spare time hobby. the opportunity to visit the Pitts collection cause of their brilliant fluorescence under

Since his retirement from business several years ago he has devoted his entire time to this work and has become one of the fore-

of gem stones now on display at the State Capitol. School superintendents in the At-

ultra-violet rays. Uranophane is well known for its radio-active properties. Some of the specimens will be displayed in the State

most amateur collectors and lapidarists in lanta area have urged their students to Museum under a lamp now being assembled

the country. Most of the mineralogical mu- see this unusual exhibit.

for that purpose.