Forestry-geological review [July 1933]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPM

Vol. 3

ATLANTA, GA., JULY, 1933

No.7

VOCATIONAL FORESTRY CAMP GEORGIA FORESTRY ASS'N

WHAT CONSERVATION

JULY 24 TO AUGUST 12 EXECUTIVE COMMITTE MEETS

WORKERS ARE DOING

Third Camp for Students of Rural An annual event looked forward to with Thirty-five Camps for Georgia, Thir-

Consolidated High Schools Con- pleasure is the summer meeting of the ty under State, Five under Nation-

ducted Cooperatively by State Executive Committee of the Georgia For- al Direction - Two Hundred or

Forest Service and State Depart- estry Association, held at Indian Springs More in Each Camp-Work Get-

ment of Vocational Teaching

with Judge Ogden Persons, Forsyth, as ting under Way

host. On June 16 the executive committee

The third annual vocational forestry camp will be held at the A. and M. school at Clarkesville, Ga., July 24 to August 12. The state forest service and the department of vocational teaching of Georgia join

met at the historic park, a number of those in attendance taking their wives at Judge Person's request.
The sessions of the executive committee were highly interesting and plans were

About 7,000 men are soon to be engaged in forestry work in Georgia carrying on this phase of the Roosevelt relief program. Thirty-five camps of about 200 men each are authorized for this state, of which

in conducting the camp. About 125 will made for various lines of activity for the thirty are under the direction of the state

be in attendance, of which 100 will be stu- year. President T. G. Woolford, Atlanta, forest service on state and private lands

dents and the remainder instructors and families.
A course of practical forestry will be given in which tree identification, forest

presided. A delightful dinner was served at the Elder House, and Judge Persons was cordially thanked for his generous hospitality as host.

and five under the direction of the United States Forest Service on National forests in the mountains of North Georgia.
The five national forest camps were the

management, surveying, timber cruising, Those attending the meeting were: Presi- first to be authorized and therefore were

harvesting, marketing and tree nursery dent T. G. Woolford, Atlanta; Judge Ogden the first to get under way. The first three

practices will be taught.

Persons and Miss Mary Persons, Forsyth; camps authorized for the state forest ser-

About half of the students will attend C. ,.B. Harman, Atlanta; Mrs. M. E. Judd, vice were immediately set to work in early

the camp for the second year and if they Dalton; Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Anderson, June at Hinesville, Homerville and Albany,

successfully complete the course, they will Macon; James Fowler, Soperton; Col. in South Georgia.

receive a certificate of Vocational For- George Butler, J. M. Mallory and Dr. Chas. Authorization for the remaining twenty-

ester which will recommend them for non- H. Herty, Savannah; Mr. and Mrs. Bonnell six camps was received the first week in

technical forestry jobs.

Stone, Oxford; Miss Emily Woodward June to do work on projects submitted by

Those privileged to attend camp have Vienna; Mr. and Mrs. B. M. Lufburrow: State Forester B. M. Lufburrow. A meet-

won scholarships in competitive examina- Joseph McCord, Atlanta; Mr. and Mrs. ing of district foresters was held and men

tions in forestry in their counties and are Edgar Center, Jr., College Park; Roland were chosen as camp supervisors, technical

recommended by their teachers as having Turner, Atlanta; Dr. and Mrs. W. G. Lee, foresters, bosses, mechanics, etc. Pur-

1l high general scholarship in school and Macon.

chases of work equipment were made and

excellent moral character. The personnel

transportation facilities provided. A vast

of the student body is, therefore, of a high PROBLEM OF PRIVATELY

amount of detail work was necessary in the

order.

OWNED FOREST LANDS very short time required to absorb the en-

TYI.e two preceding camps have been sa interesting and enjoyable that camp scholarships are keenly sought by students in all the schools having vocational teaching. The instruction and inspiration received have made of the students enthusiastic missionaries for forestry in their home communities.

The camp program not only includes in-

tensive work on forestry subjects, but em-

braces moving pictures, lectures, entertain-

ment hikes

of various kinds, and trips by cars

athletic co to various

npoteisntts~

of forest and scenic value.

In "A National Plan for American For-

estry," known otherwise as the "Copeland

Report," which discusses under "Major

Forest Problems" the problem of privately

owned forest lands, we find the following

declarations:

It is the most important type of owner-

ship.

It is largely responsible for forest de-

vastation and deterioration.

It is the most unstable form of forest-

land ownership.

.

It is responsible for serious economic

difficulties in the forest industries.

listed men moving to camp sites from various army posts where they had received preliminary conditioning. The forestry force of the State has met the situation under high pressure activity and excellent planning.
The question most generally asked is "What kind of work are the men doing?"
In answer, most of the work in Georgia is done on organized, privately owned lands. Georgia has a number of timber protective organizations, some of which have been in existence six to eight yearii, which have been cooperating with state and federal forest agencies in carrying out

It is responsible for serious economic and fire protection measures. It is mainly on

If you ask the enlisted forest workers, social losses to the public.

areas controlled by these organizations that

intensive forestry is being 'P:t!acticed in It has fallen far behind public owner- the conservation corps men are to be em-

Georgia.

ship in management and administration. ployed.

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

ForestryGeological Review
Published Monthly by the DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND
GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta
C. A. WHITTLE, Editor

son and the telephone lines radiating from the tower site will be the means of assembling a fire fighting crew so that it may suppress the fire before it makes much headway.
The private land owners benefited by this work have obligated themselves to

HIGHEST GRADES FORESTRY EXAMINATION
Toombs County Students Won First and Second Highest Marks in Camp Scholarship Contest

Forestry Division
B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester____Atlanta C. A. Whittle, Educational Mgr.,____Atlanta H. M. Sebring, Asst. State Forester,.Atla"!lta E. B. Stone, Jr. Dist. Forester____Gamesville C. B. Beale, District Forester______Waycross W. D. Young, District Forester____________Rome Jack Thur_m___o__n__d__,__D___i_s__t_r_i_c__t__F__o__r__e__s_t_e__r_,Savannah C. N. Elliott, District Forester______Augusta H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester____Albany W. G. Wallace, District Forester__Columbus Mrs. N. N. Edwards, StenographeriAtlanta Mrs. R. S. _T__h__o__m___p__s_o__n__,___S__t_e__n__o__g__r_a__p__h__e__r_Atlanta
Geological Division
S. W. McCallie, State Geologist____Atlanta R. W. Sm_i_t__h__,__A___s_s__t_.___S__t_a__t_e____G__e__o__l_o__g__i_s_t_,_Atlanta
G. W. Cric_k__m___a_y__,___A___s_s__t_.___S__t_a__t_e____G___e_o__l_o__g_Aistt,lanta Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk______________Atlanta

maintain the primary firebreaks by plowing them once a year, man the fire towers keep up the telephone lines, and to construct secondary firebreaks to make the protective measures complete. Under the Clarke-McNary Act, under which the timber protective organizations operate, the members will get the usual refunds for expenses incurred on work they do.
The state forest service is allowed to do work on state-owned lands, and projects call for improvements on Indian Springs, Alexander Stephens Memorial Park at Crawfordville, Vogel Park at Neel Gap; also forestry work on the state forest at Augusta, state nurseries at Albany and Blairsville, and state lands at Milledgeville.
Applications and Applications

The grades made by students contesting for the vocational forestry camp scholarships were based on 80 per cent for examination papers submitted and 20 per cent on general scholarship and character given by the vocational teachers.
The highest grade was won by Wilbur Blount, Vidalia, who received a mark of 99. The second highest grade was obtained by J. E. Odum, of Lyons, also of Toombs county, who received a grade of 98.
Other leaders are as follows : Tharan Connell, Pavo High School, Pavo, 97.8. J. H. Holloman, Richland High, Richland, 97 2-3. Paul Jones, Nancy Hart Memorial, Elbert county, 97. John Broadwell, Alpharetta High, Fulton county, 97. Huie Brand O'Kelly, Madison county

Research Division, Savannah
Charles H. Herty______________Research Chemist W. C. MacNaughton______________Asst. Research Bruce Suttle__________________________Plant Engineer W. F. Allen_____________________________________Chemist
James Dempsey___________________ Asst. Chemist

An applicant for a position in the forestry camp cited the fact that he had had several years' experience in operating a beauty parlor. He should have applied to the diplomatic service rather than to the forestry department.

High, Danielsville, 97. Tom Strickland, Dawnville High, Dal-
ton, 97.
WHAT C. C. C. MEN CAN LEARN ABOUT FORESTRY

Extension Foresters Bonnell Stone, Chairman,_______________ Oxford Dupre Barrett, __________________________________Athens

Another applicant said he had roomed with a forester. This disqualified him. The possibilities were that what he had absorbed was not undiluted science.

In cooperation with the W/elfare Workers of the Army, the Georgia Forest Service is offering to give men in the C. C. C. camps instruction in the principles of for-

K. S. Trowbridge, ______________________________Tifton

estry.

C. C. C. CAMP FARE

The forest service of Georgia has been

(Continued from Page 1)
It is permissible under the act of Congress authorizing this activity to work not only on the areas that were- organized at the time the Act became effective, but on contiguous areas added to these timber protective organizations. This has result~d in a rapid expansion of the area under organized protection until at the present time it is about twice as large as it was before. At the time this is written the organized area has attained over 4,000,000 acres.
The work to be done on organized timber lands consists mainly in establishing community wide or county wide forest fire protection. Continuous primary firebreaks are to be established and lookout towers and telephone lines are constructed for this purpose. A primary firebreak consists of a strip 25 feet wide, or wider, from which all combustible material is removed and then plowed. Dead snags alongside the firebreak that may burn, and under high wind provide sparks that would leap the firebreak, are removed.

"Are the men in Civilian Conservation Camps, or 'Reforestation Camps,' well taken care of?" is a question frequently asked.
The United States Army is apparently giving the men the best of care. For instance, the "Forestry News Digest" gives the following as sample camp menus for two days:
Breakfast: Oatmeal mush, milk, fried bacon, scrambled eggs, fried potatoes, bread, butter, coffee with milk and sugar. Dinner: Frankfurters and sauerkraut, boiled potatoes, creamed carrots and peas, bread, jam, doughnuts, coffee with sugar and milk. Supper: Chicken Soup, croutons, roast beef, brown gravy, French baked potatoes, string beans, string bean salad, bread, butter, tapioca pudding, coffee with sugar and milk.
Breakfast: Fresh bananas, cornmeal mush, milk, hash, bread, butter, coffee with sugar and milk. Dinner: Irish stew, pickles, sliced onions, cabbage slaw, hot corn bread, butter, jam, apple pie, cocoa. Sup-

carrying on six weeks courses in forestry in Vocational Forestry Camps for high school students, which, when successfully completed entitled the student to the certificate of Vocational Forester, and recommends him as capable of doing nontechnical forestry jobs.
This course gives instruction in tree identification, tree seed collection and growing tree planting stock; timber cruising, which means estimating the volume of board feet in standing timber; forest fire prevention and forest fire fighting; planting, thinning, harvesting, marketing; uses
of woods, and naval stores production. Those who have been presenting these
courses in vocational forestry are in charge of the C. C. C. camps in Georgia, and plans are on the way to have lectures on the above subjects presented in the camps.
Movin~ pictures and stereopticon slides, dealing with forestry will probably be used to supplement the lectures. Bulletins and leaflets dealing with forestry subjects will be made available at the camp reading rooms.

Fire lookout towers built of wood or per: Roast pork, mashed potatoes, radishes, About 5 million cords of pulpwood are

steel will serve for spotting fires over a green onions, pickles, bread, white or rye, consumed annually by pulp and paper mak-

radius of several miles during the fire sea- butter, fruit cup, hot or iced tea.

ing industries of the United States.

FrORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

=====================r==========

STUDENTS FORESTRY CLUB

ISSUES PAVO NEWS

High School with High Reputation for Forestry Work Prepares Issue of Local Paper and Uses Newsprint Made from Georgia Pines-Broadcast Forestry Radio
Program

Pavo High School in Thomas county has been one of the outstanding schools of Georgia in carrying out the vocational for-

estry project. Prof. J. D. Davis, voca-

tional agricultur.al teacher, has a knack

of getting students intensely interested in

his school projects. On June 8 the Pavo High School For-

estry Club issued a forestry edition of the Pavo Weekly News, and to give the undertaking a touch of enterprise, that issue of

the paper was printed on paper made from Georgia pines obtained from the Savannah

Pulp and Paper Laboratory of the State

Department of Forestry and Geological Development.

The paper is fiiied with informative ar-

ticles on forestry contributed by the students belonging to the Forestry Club. The

front page first column article gives a

"Brief History of Reforestation in the

United States." The second column teiis

of the work of the Forestry Club. Then

comes an interesting article by Herman Braddy on "The South the Coming Source

of Woodpulp,'' and another article by the

same author on "Production of Naval

Stores in Georgia."

Ira Lee Adams writes on "Woods Fires,

Their Prevention and the Damage They

Do." Ben Byrd writes on "Community Reforestation." Tharan Connell teils of

HOW YOUNG PINES GROW

"Winning a Forestry Scholarship." Melvin Newsome writes of "My Forestry Project."
In the paper is the club's expression of thanks to Dr. Chas. H. Herty for Georgia nine paper on which t~ print the issue, and a statement from Editor P. W. Reddick,

In 1903 the Moultrie High School, Moul-

trie, Georgia, established a school forest

and erected a sign to announce to the public that it was a "Demonstration For-

est."

'

Note in the iiiustration the size of the young pines in 1930 and then observe in

the lower picture what had happened by April 1933. The trees had grown 8 to 10
feet high and the sign that stood up so Prominently in 1930 is now almost hidden. Pines certainly do grow rapidly in the south.

PYnreRRing his pleasure in coooerating with

Pavo High School Forestry Club.

SOME FACTS OF

The saw timber stands of the south

This outstanding work of the forestry

"THE COPELAND REPORT" amount to 200 biilion board feet, which have

club is not ail. It has out on a forestry

been supplying for many years about one-

nrogram, using WQDX at Thomasviile, through the courtesy of Steve Luke, Man82'P.r. This broadcast was on June 3rd.
The Pavo High School, its principal, vocational agricultural teacher, students, newsoaper and community are to be conl!'ratulated on this splendid promotion of the interests of forestry.

Forest lands of the United States in a
productive condition wiii give constant employment to two miiiion men.
Fire protection should be given 191 million acres more of forest land than at present.
At least 25 miiiion acres of non-productive land should be planted to trees in the

half of the soft and hard woods lumber production of the entire country.
The hardwoods of the south aggregate nearly 80 billion board feet, supplying an annual cut of 7,500,000,000 board feet.
About 35 billion board feet of hardwood timber is located in the Appalachians, Piedmont Plateau and the uplands of Ar-

next 20 years.

kansas, Mississippi, Eastern Texas and

On the two quarter-acre sample plots of A miiiion doiiar investment in pulp and Oklahoma. the school forest at Martin Institute at paper plants can be permanently supplied Sylvester, one plot being burned annuaily by two miiiion acres of productive forest About 45 billion board feet of hardwood

and he other left unburned, the increment land.

occur in bottom lands and swamps of the

of growth in 1932, as reported by Prof. More than 50 miiiion acres of agricul- coastal plain and lower Mississippi valley,

Geo. I. Martin, is 2 1-2 times as great on tural lands originaily timbered have been of which more than one-third is old growth

the part kept free from fire as that on the abandoned because they were never suited of the river bottoms of Arkansas, Missis-

burned over plot.

for agriculture,

sippi and Louisiana,

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

FORESTRY

build lateral firebreaks in line with rec- VOCATIONAL FORESTRY CAMP ommendations of the district foresters, to AT CLARKESVILLE THIS YEAR

QUESTION BOX
How is Civilian Cornservation Corps Work in Forestry Directed in the State?
The work of thirty camps in Georgia on state and private lands is directed by the state forester and the work of five camps on national forest land is directed by the United States Forest Service.
All projects of work of a forestry nature are approved by the United States Forest Service; all work on state parks is approved by the United States Department of the Interior; finally, all projects both of forestry and parks are approved by Director Fechner in charge of this form of relief work.
Men between the ages of 18 and 25 with dependents were enlisted in Georgia by the head of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Mr. Herman De Laperriere, who in turn used the relief agencies of each county to select the men.
Technical men, camp supervisors, engineers, bosses, mechanics, etc., were appointed by State Forester with approval of Federal Inspector. The state forest service was also permitted to employ about 20 laborers locally without respect to age. The state selections are approved by co-

man fire towers during the fire season and carry out such other work as is required of timber protective organizations of the state, for which, under the Clarke-McNary Act, the private land owner can receive nartial reimbursement for expenditures made.
On state parks the work may consist not only of forest improvement, but the construction of roads, trails, walls, buildings; make plantings, do grading, etc.
What Entitles a Priv.ate Land Owner to Receive Conservation Cprps Service in Georgia?
Those who, at the time the Act authorizing this work, were cooperating with state and federal agencies in organized forest fire prevention, are entitled to the service. But to promote the expansion of the organized areas to as large units as possible and reduce the fire hazards of a given region as much as possible by the work to be done, the areas added to the timber protective organizations since the Relief Act was passed are also entitled to the benefits.
SOME SILLY IDEAS
The report that the men enlisted in the Civilian Conservation Corps for forestry

For the past two years the Vocational Forestry Camp has been held at Young Harris College near Hiawassee, but this summer the camp will be held at the A. & M. School at Clarkesville, where arrangements have been made that will allow com ing within the reduced camp budget.
1'he buildings and equipment are available by courtesy of the University Board of Regents. W. E. Harvill and Hugh A. biglis, principal and vocational teacher of the Clarkesville High School have contracted to take care of the camp in an accept-
able manner. The new camp quarters are near the
lakes of northeast Georgia and in the foothills of the large mountrains. Students will be given trips to the l~kes, high mount.'lins, and into the national forest.
Tennis courts, baseball field and other athletic conveniences are provided at the Rchool. Students and teachers with their families will find Clarkesville readily accessible by railroad and automobile, and less expensive to reach than the former
site. Only the most pleasant relationshins have
existed between the camp officials and Young Harris College. Expense has been the deciding factor in making the change.

operating state and federal agencies.

work is to get them rea~dy for war, pre-

The United States Army took the enlist- sumed to be in the offing. Of course the

THINNING TURPENTINE

ed men into army posts, conditioned them idea is silly.

FORESTS

a few days, selected a camp site recom- The men enlisted for the forestry work

mended by the state forest service, erected do not belong to the army; they are given Dr. Austin Cary, of the United States

the camp and takes entire charge of the no military training; they are in the for- Forest Service, who has rendered much

hnnsine-. clothing, feeding, medical service. estry camps for exactly the purpose which valuable service in studying pines of the

etc., of the men while in camp. The forest President Roosevelt has said, and that is south has been recording some of his find-

l!e-encies having planned the work to be to give work to unemployed whose families ings in the Naval Stores 'Review. In an

done, take the men from the camps, trans- 'Ire in need.

article discussing thinning, he brings out

port them to various jobs, provide tools and The army manages the camps. What that the increment of increase due to thin-

equipment for work, boss the jobs and re- better force could do it? The m(m are ning varies with soil conditions and is ma-

turn the men to the care of the army offi- worked by the forest service; and wielding terially lessened by fire. An area in north

cers till the next day. The forestry agen- an age, digging and plowing could hardly Florida of pines 4 and 5 inches in diameter

cies buy the job equipment, the army buys he classed as military training. The men and around 35 feet high on poor soil and

food and camp supplies.

are enlisted for six months and can leave subjected to one severe fire, grew in three

the job any time they get other employ- years only .4 inch in diameter and 3%

What Sort of Work Will the Civilian Con- ment.

feet in height.

servation Corps do in Georgia?

In striking contrast he cites a thinned

The work in Georgia will be largely di- FORESTRY AND RURAL LIFE plot in Camden county, Georgia. He says:

rected to provide facilities for forest fire

"It was first laid out in January, 1930,

control. Of these, the construction of for- "It (forestry) offers one important and remeasured early in the present year

est firebreaks will require the most labor. means for maintaining a balanced rural (1933). The growth is slash pine which

Primary firebreaks of varying width will economic and social structure in the parts came on an old field 9 years old at the

be constructed through communities and in of the country which will grow timber by time of the first observation, and with an

some instances, practically throughout utilizing all of the land productively for average height of strong trees not much

counties, by clearing strips of all growth the purposes for which it is best suited, under 30 feet. Fire has never touched it.

and plowing them. Other fire control fa- maintaining industries in perpetuity and On a plot thinned down to a stand of 235

eilities consist of forest lookout towers to holding a reasonable part of the population trees to the acre the trees gained 1.8 inches

locate fires. These may be made of wood in the country in a healthy, diversified in diameter and 11 feet in height on the

or steel and will be around 100 feet high. rural Iife."-Copeland Report on National average in the three years.

Telephone lines will be constructed to ra- Plan for American Forestry.

"During the same period an unthinned

diate from the lookout towers and facilitate

plot beside it, the trees standing at the rate

the assembling of forest fire fighting Wood put into the tomb of King Tut- of over 1,000 to the acre, gained very nearly

crews.

ankh-amen 3,283 years ago, reported re- the same indeed in height, but less than 1

The private land owners obligate them- markably well preserved, has been identi- inch in diameter, even taking into account

selves to maintain the firebreaks and to fied as true cedar (cedrus).

the largest and most promising trees."

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

5

MONROE COUNTY HELD

of illustrations on a rapidly revolving press ATHENIAN CLAIMS FIRST

LARGE FORESTRY RALLY of a Savannah' paper, it was found that

CULTIVATED SLASH PINES

the pine paper reproduced clear type prints

Judge Ogden Persons, Vice Presi- and illustrations.

dent of Georgia Forestry Associa- Dr. Herty called attention to the signifi-

tion, Planned Meeting - Promi- cance of paper mills to land owners in

nent Sp~akers Heard

Georgia. It meant, he said, a new and

Growing About Fourth Faster than Uncultivated- Thomas Shackel-
ford Writes Extension Forester His Results

profitable market for trees. To get ready

On Saturday, June 17, a meeting of over for the possible demand he urged farmers In a letter written by Thomas J. Shackel-

one hundred prominent land owners of to keep fires out of their forests so that ford, Athens, to Extension Forester DuPre

Monroe county was held in the courthouse at Forsyth. The meeting was arranged by Judge Ogden Persons of Forsyth, vicepresident of the Georgia Forestry Association, and an eminent jurist. The audience listened with keen interest to addresses delivered by prominent forestry leaders of the state.
Judge Persons presided. President T. G.

new stands of timber can get a start through natural reforestation, and where seed trees do not exist, plant old fields to pines.
Dr. Herty's message made a most favorable impression.
Judge Persons introduced C. B. Harman, Atlanta, chairman of the executive committee of the Georgia Forestry Associa-

Barrett, Mr. Shackelford claims to have been the first to cultivate slash pines. The following is taken from his letter:
"I am writing to confirm my verbal order to you given several days ago for 6,000 slash pine seedlings. You will recall that I gave you an order in the spring of 1931 for 4,000 slash pine seedlings. Under your instructions perhaps I was the first one

Woolford, of the Georgia Forestry Associa- tion; J. M. Mallory, vice-president, Savan- in the state to cultivate these slash pines.

tion, Atlanta, was introduced as the first nah; Bonnell Stone, secretary, Oxford; and They respond to cultivation amazingly well.

speaker. He spoke of the great value of Miss Emily Woodward, Vienna, of the They grow almost one-fourth faster when

the forests of Georgia and how the Geor- Georgia Forestry Association.

they are cultivated.

gia Forestry Association was formed by

"A few years ago I read a little pamphlet

the citizens of the state to promote this

H. M. Peagler, Jr., Killed

issued by Dr. David C. Barrow, in which

great resource; how the association was in-

he stated that he had allowed the pines to

strumental in having a state forest service A young man intensely interested in for- grow up on several acres of his farm in

created; how the association has sponsored ~stry, who on April 28th took part on the Oglethorpe county. He had these pines

legislation for financing the state forest program at the annual meeting of the Geor- sawed into lumber in about twenty-eight or

service, and how it was able to inaugurate g-ia Forestry Association at Savannah, was thirty years; that he sold the lumber for

the research work on the use of Georgia slain at his forest cabin near Homerville a splendid price and that a calculation

trees for making paper, now carried on by on June 7 by axe murderers, aoparently showed that he received more money from

Dr. Charles H. Herty.

for the money he was known to have had the pines on this tract of land than he

The association, he said, was lending a 'ln his person. Mr. Peagler's stolen car would have received if he had cultivated

helping hand wherever possible to increase was found the next day near Jacksonville, the land every year in crops. This pam-

the forest wealth of Georgia and to develop "Florida.

phlet of Dr. Barrow is a wonderful argu-

new markets. He invited the citizens of In Peagler's death one of the leading ment in favor' of reforestation.

Monroe county to join with the associa- managers of large timber areas and a "I hope that you will bend your energy

tion in promoting the cause of forestry friend of forestry has been lost to the in !his direction. That is the greatest

in Georgia.

state.

work that can be done in the aid of refor-

The second speaker introduced was W. T.

estation.''

Anderson, editor of the Macon Telegraph, FUTURE FARMERS OF GEORGIA

who spoke of the necessity of utilizing DEDICATE MONTICELLO ROOM According to the National Coopers Jour-

abandoned farm lands for growing timber

nal, some beer kegs are being made of

and of protecting the lands from fire to get A large delegation of future farmers of Rteel, but at that the forest is drawn upon

the greatest returns. He called attention Georgia, students of Smith-Hughes Voca- for pitch lining to make conditions similar

to what it meant to wild life, especially tional Agricultural schools, made a pil- to kegs made of wood.

quail, to protect the forests.

grimage to Monticello, the home of Thomas

The final speaker, whom the audience ,Jefl'erson, at Charlottesville, Va., and par- The Bureau of Plant Industry recom-

was anxious to hear, was Dr. Charles H. ticipated in the dedication of one of the mends a coat of parafin on the back side

Herty, in charge of the pulp and paper rooms to Georgia Future Farmers.

of cedar lined chests and closets to pre-

laboratory of the Department of Forestry The vocational students headed by their vent the unnecessary loss of the aroma of

and Geological Development of Georgia. teachers also visited Washington to greet cedar on that side and thus prolong the

Dr. Herty told of the purpose in establish- President Roosevelt and representatives in usefulness of the odor.

ing the laboratory which was to determine Congress from Georgia. The occasion was

whether young pines especially, could be 'l great one in the lives of this group of "Under many conditions the forest prob-

used in making white paper, in view of rural boys of Georgia.

ably offers the best and cheapest method

the fact that it had been shown that young

available for erosion control and stream

Pines before making heartwood did not "The 670 million acres of forest and aban- flow regulation. On scores of millions of

contain more gum than trees commonly doned agricultural land now available for acres the returns for this purpo!!e alone

used.

forestry is more than one-third of the total would probably justify the expenditures

The progress of the research work at the land area of the country, and more than required for keeping a forest."-The Na-

laboratory was recountecf, showing that step half again as large as the area now de- tional Plan for American Forestry.

by step misconceptions had been dispelled voted to farm crops."-The National Plan

and fundamental facts determined which for American Forestry.

"Abundance of raw resources, including

give great promise of a successful solution

land and timber, has been one of the chief

of the economical use of pine wood for mak- "If the objective of full forest land use factors in the phenominal growth of the

ing newsprint paper.

can be reached, it will be a major con- United States. Their continued availabil-

Among the recent determinations made tribution to the entire national land use ity should be of equal or even more value

as to the tensil strength of pine paper, its problem."-The National Plan for Amer- in the future.''-The National Plan for

absorption of printing ink and reproduction ican Forestry.

American Forestry.

6

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

~================r=================r=============~==

SECOND DISTRICT

Whelchel. Burke County Camp, J. L. Bol- From all reports, this group of young men ton. Additional personnel has been added promises to be one of the best working

Everett B. Stone, Jr., Dist.

locally to make up the 200 C. C. C. men. crews in Georgia. They not only expect

Forester Gainesville
C. C. C. Activities
The Gainesville office has been the scene of much activity during the first three weeks of June in selecting the personel for C. C. C. camps.

New Organization
Hoyt McConnell, county agent of Warren county, is planning the establishment of a 25,000 acre T. P. 0. for Warren county. Mr. McConnell advises that the owners are very much interested in the matter of fire control and their cooperation can easily be secured.

to turn out a high type of work, but they also expect to turn out baseball and other athletic teams that will give all opponents considerable opposition.
The citizens of Butler and surrounding country showed their cooperative spirit to perfection beginning with the arrival of the train in Butler bearing these young men and their equipment. They have fur-

Five camps have been approved for the district as follows:

FOURTH DISTRICT

ther shown their interest by the fact that close to 100,000 acres of timberland has

Project No. 51-Indian Springs, Butts county.
Project No. 69-Jackson county, near

W. G. Wallace, Dist. Forester Columbus

been signed up in the Taylor-Talbot T. P. 0. within the past few weeks as eligible for establishing thereon an efficient forest

Commerce. Project No. 73-Towns county, twelve
miles south of Hiawassee.

Pine Mountain T. P. 0. Camp Manned

fire protection system.

Project No. 79-Habersham county, near Two hundred and three recruits with su-

SIXTH DISTRICT

Cornelia. Project

No.

55-Enotah,

Union county,

pervising army and civilian personnel are busily at work establishing a small city in

on the Appalachian Scenic Highway just the woods in the vicinity of proposed work

Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester Savannah

beyond Neel Gap: Active work has already begun on the
projects in Jackson and Butts counties. The program calls for a large amount of work to be done on the Vogel State Park and the Indian Springs State Park, as well as improvement projects on other lands.
Work will be undertaken in Towns, Union, Habersham, Hall, Banks, Jackson, Madison, and Butts counties and possibly in other nearby counties.

on Pine Mountain. Actual work on the T. P. 0. forests will not begin until early .July.
Capt. Russell B. Reynolds and his excellent corps of officers and regular army nersonnel plan to make this camp one of the most beautiful camps in Georgia. The unique background that such a unique mountain range as Pine Mountain is capable of giving makes this possible. Every effort is being made to make the men comfortable, and to make their sojourn in the

At a recent meeting of the officers of the Chatham Timber Protective Organization, which included Mr. Elliott Reed, Secretary and Treasurer; Mr. 0. T. Mcintosh, of the Southern States Naval Stores Company, and Mr. J. A. Carter, Vice-President of the T. P. 0., the name was changed to Ogeechee Timber Protective Organization, which enabled them to include lands in both Bryan and Chatham counties.
The old Qhatham T. P. 0. never did func-

Emergency Conservation Camp pleasant as tion as a unit, and since reorg-anizing and

THIRD DISTRICT

well as profitable in a moral, physical, and obtaining new members, it will have some

mental way.

forty-five members and control seventy-five

C. N. Elliott, District Forester

Mr. Lamar Flowers, Superintendent, and thousand acres of land in Chatham and

Augusta

his twelve technical foremen are experienc- Bryan counties. The acreage of the old

ed men capable of turning out a high type Chatham T. P. 0. was very scattered, which

Woodville Timber Protective Organization

of work, with the assistance of 203 young was one reason it was hard to manage. men not only physically but mentally fit to Now the land is one solid body.

Under the direction of several prominent do the work properly.

Liberty and Long T. P.O.'s Enlarged

Greene county land owners, a 67,000 acre Members of Mr. Flowers' staff are mak- At a joint meeting of landowners of the

T. P. 0. was recently established for ing excellent progress in signing up addi- two counties, and members of the Liberty

Greene county. This organization was tional acreage and new members into the and Long T. P. O.'s, new members were

given the name of W1oodville T. P. 0.

Pine Mountain T. P. 0. Landowners are added to each, which brings the total acre-

The land included lies on Little river in anxious to utilize this opportunity to es- age in the Liberty T. P. 0. up from twenty

Greene and in portions of Oglethorpe tablish an efficient forest fire protective thousand to one hundred two thousand

counties, and the northern and western system in their community.

acres, with about sixty new members. The

sections of Greene county.

Citizens of nearby towns and country are Long- T. P. 0. signed about thirty new

The officers elected were C. J. Davison, cooperating in every possible way to make members and brought their total acreage

President; R. R. Shaw, vice-President, and this camp sucessful.

up from eleven thousand to forty thousand,

Fran'k Durham, Secretary and Treasurer.

and exnect to increase it still more.

E. C. W. Camps

Taylor-Ta.lbot T. P. 0. Camp

Members of the Long and Liberty T. P. O.'s are taking advantage of the opportun-

To date (June 20) work has begun on

Manned

ity to have primary firebreaks constructed

the organization of three camps in the Augusta area. These camps are located in Stephens county, Taliaferro county, and Burke county.

The Taylor-Talbot Emergency Conservation Camp of approximately 200 young men and supervising personnel is well established, and the regular work as out-

on their lands, and also lookout towers and an efficient telephone system put in. These imnrovements have been needed for a long time, but the members never had the moneY

The work outlined is mostly fire control lined by the Georgia Forest Service is be- to snend at one time, so now they are get

with a program of planting, thinning, and ginning to take- form. Camp Commandant ting the work done through the E. C. VI.

general improvement on the Gwinn Nixon Lt. John A. Stewart and Mr. L. B. Barrett, camps and plan to maintain the systern

State Forest in Richmond county. This superintendent of the forestry work, to- after it is put in.

forest will be worked from the Burke gether with their corps of trained army and

County Camp.

civilian personnel are busily at work es-

ca;:: ------------------
Australia claims taller trees than

Superintendents of the camps are as fol- tablishing a permanent, orderly camp with fornia. A species of eucalyptus is rep~

lows: Stephens County Camp, R. S. Thomp- comforts and recreational facilities design- erl to have attained heights approximattnl

son. Taliaferro County Camp, R. F. ed to make these young men contented. 500 feet.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

-

Twiggs counties are reported to have

MINERALS OF GEORGIA

yielded diamonds. The finds have all been made in placer deposits or in the coastal

Brief Accounts of Occurences and Developments of the State's Leading Minerals

plain, that is, they have been transported from their original place of formation, and it is not known where or from what rocks

Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

they have been derived. Corundum is aluminum oxide. The min-

THE PRECIOUS STONES OF GEORGIA

eral generally has a cloudy grey, pink, red, or blue color. When it is clear, corundum becomes a gem stone and depending on the

GEOFFREY W. CRICKMAY

color is known as ruby (red), sapphire (blue), oriental topaz (yellow), oriental

The precious stones, or gems, include all minerals that are prized for personal ornament on account of their color, luster, transparency, or hardness. The value of gem stones has a wide range and it is usual to refer to the rarer, more expensive stones, such as ruby and diamond, as "precious," and to the commoner, cheaper stones, such as aquamarine and garnet, as "semi-precious." It is to the latter group that most of the Georgia gem stones belong. The value of stones of the same species also varies according to individual characteristics. A bluish diamond is far more highly prized than the yellowish variety, and red corundum, or ruby, is many times more valuable than yellow corundum, or oriental topaz. Peculiarly enough, the most attractive colors are commonly due to matter foreign to the essential composition of the mineral. Thus the three aristocrats of colored stones, the sapphire (blue), ruby (red), and emerald (green) owe their inimitable color to a minute amount of impurities such as nickel and chromium oxide.

dust is used to a large extent in cutting and polishing other gems. The quality of hardness is one of the simplest criterion to distinguish between the genuine and imitation stone. The cheapest and commonest imitations are made of colored glass, and of these it can be said that beautiful imitations have been made, but they generally lack the luster and always lack the hardness of the genuine. Glass can be scratched with a knife, most true gems cannot; moreover, most true gems will scratch glass. Proper care, however, should be made when applying such tests for a delicately cut gem may easily be ruined by roughly attacking it with a knife.
The precious stones of Georgia are found mainly in the area of crystalline rocks, that is, in the mountains and in the Piedmont Plateau, but a few, such as opal, chalcedony, jasper, and agate occur in the Coastal Plain. There are no localities at which a variety of gem minerals are particularly abundant, but there are places where par-
ticularly good specimens of certain minerals occur and these are noted below. It is

emerald (green), violet sapphire (violet), The stone is exceeded in hardness only by diamond, and on this account the common cloudy corundum is used as an abrasive. Corundum deposits occur in Rabun, Towns, Union, Habersham, Lumpkin, Hall, Forsyth, Cherokee, Walton, Cobb, Paulding, Douglas, Carroll, Heard, Troup, and Upson counties, and in the past some mining of the stone for abrasive purposes has been carried on. Clear stones appear to be rare and those that have been found are small. Rubies have been mined in Macon county, North Carolina, in deposits somewhat similar to those occurring in Georgia anJ it does not seem improbable that rubies, sapphires, or some other form of transparent gem corundum may be found within the known corundum-bearing areas of the State.
Quartz is one of the commonest of all minerals. It occurs in two forms: crystalline and non-crystalline, or crypto-crystalline. In both types it has the same chemical composition, silicon dioxide.
The crystalline varieties of quartz that are used for gems are transparent and have

The luster of a gem is dependent on the not at all necessary for the amateur col- a vitreous luster. This luster prevents the

manner in which light passes through it; lector to have his stones cut; rough speci- slightest confusion between colorless quartz,

that is, on its index of refraction. Dia- mens make a fine cabinet display and have rock crystal, and diamond, a confusion that

mond has a very high index of refraction the additional advantage of illustrating the is not uncommon. Rock crystal is found in

which accounts for its splendid play of mode of occurrence of each mineral. With Rabun, Forsyth, Jones, Wilkes, Franklin,

colors, but quartz has a low index and con- a keen eye anyone can collect a dozen or Fulton, and other counties. The material

sequently a vitreous, almost greasy, luster. more varieties of semi-precious stones with is usually cut with facets, although the

Gems are cut so as to exhibit their luster little difficulty.

chatoyant varieties such as that from the

to best advantage. There are two main The novice may have some difficulty in Kell Mica Mine in Rabun county are best

forms in which stones are cut: the facet identifying his specimens. At the end of cut "en cabochon.'' Amethyst is the violet

cut, in which the stone is ground with this article is a list of a few books on gems 0 .r purple variety of crystalline quartz. Plane surfaces, and the cabochon cut, in that may be referred to. In addition, the Rabun county has furnished some of the

which the stone is ground with curved sur- collections at the State Capitol offer an finest amethysts obtained in this country,

faces. Both have numerous variations to abundance of material with which compari- but no systematic search for them has ever

each of which a special name is applied by sons may be made. Certain identification been instituted. To be of gem quality an

the lapidary. In general, clear stones such can be made by submitting the mineral to amethyst must be quite free from cloudi-

as the diamond, aquamarine, and amethyst, the State Geologist at the State Capitol. ness and, further, the color must be deep

are facet cut, whereas translucent stones The following is a list of precious stones and evenly distributed. Rose quartz with a

SUch as carnelian, moonstone, and opal, are that occur in Georgia:

beautiful chatoyance, approaching opales-

cut "en cabochon."

Diamond is a crystalline form of carbon cence, occurs in Rabun county but the color,

The hardness of a stone makes really and in this respect it is similar to graphite. not being very deep, rapidly fades on ex-

'Very little difference to its beauty, but from A number of diamonds have been reported posure. Smoky quartz has been found in

a Practical standpoint it is an important
~ality of any gem. A soft stone, particu-

found in Georgia, but in most cases the finds have lacked verification. Hall, White,

Rabun, Elbert, Franklin, Towns and Talbot counties. The smoky color is thought

berly . a facet-cut transparent stone, may Habersham, Banks, Lumpkin, Dawson, For-~ to be due to organic matter, for when a

th rumed by a few scratches. Diamond is 6 hardest of all stones, in fact, diamond

syth, Gwinnett, Cherokee, Clayton, Bartow, Haralson, Carroll, Paulding, Cobb and

specimen is heated the color fast disappears and the stone turns yellow.

8

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

The non-crystalline varieties of quartz jewels. Garnets are usually cut with C. C. CAMP LOCATIONS

include chalcedony, agate and jasper. facets; a cabochon-cut garnet is known as AND CAMP SUPERINTENDENTS
Chalcedony is a grey to blue form with a a carbuncle.

waxy luster. Near Cordele, Crisp county, Moonstone is a form of feldspar which

dendritic markings of manganese or iron exhibits a beautiful pale blue chatoyance The location of the Civilian Conservation

oxide occur in chalcedony, which is known or opalescence. Fair gems have been cut Corps camps and the camp superintendents,

for this reason as moss agate. Corals that from specimens obtained from near Buford, on state forestry projects, are as follows:

have been replaced by chalcedony so as to Gwinnett county, and from near Thomas- Blanton Clement, Indian Springs, Ga.

preserve the coralline structure occur in ton, Upson county. The most attractive T. H. Brown, Homerville, Ga.

Lowndes, Brooks, and Thomas counties. features of the stone are best displayed C. J. Martin, Hinesville, Ga.

Agates are distinguished by having a ban<1- in the cabochon cut, upon whose upper Eitel Bauer, Albany, Ga.

ed form, each band having a different surface an intaglio or cameo may be en- J. B. Baskins, Blairsville, Ga.

shade of color. Agates have been found graved.

Lamar Flowers, Warm Springs, Ga.

near Round Oak, Jones county, near Mari- Rutile is the oxide of titanium, usually J. L. Bolton, Waynesboro, Ga.

etta, Cobb county, in Baldwin and in Ful- black or reddish brown in color. At Graves C. M. Simmons, Ellijay, Ga.

ton counties. Jasper is an opaque stone, Mountain, Lincoln county, some of the fin- Fred C. Myers, Fargo, Ga.

most commonly of a brown or red color. On account of its hardness, which is shared by all varieties of quartz, it takes and retains a very high polish. A reddish brown jasper occurs near Round Oak, Jones county; brown jasper is found near Clarkesville, Habersham county; red jasper on Flint River near Albany; yellow-brown jasper near Elko, Houston county.

est crystals of rutile in the world have been collected. The material is used both in the natural state and as cut gems.
Zircon is one of the few gems having a luster approaching that of diamond but it lacks the play of colors. Opaque crystals have been found at the Glades mine, Hall county, but are not of gem value.
Kyanite is a silicate of alumina now

Elmer Dyals, Woodbine, Ga. J. J. Walker, Soperton, Ga. H. C. Brown, Baxley, Ga. W. A. Whatley, McRae, Ga. Fred Welchel, Crawfordville, Ga. R. B. Sanders, Jesup, Ga. E. T. Gabriel, Statesboro, Ga. R. D. Franklin, Bainbridge, Ga. C. L. Burnett, Denton, Ga.

Opal is little more than a variety of sought after for its refractory qualities. S. A. Darnell, Commerce, Ga.

crypto-crystalline quartz, for aside from a Although it occurs at several localities in G. C. Rogers, Nahunta, Ga.

small amount of water its composition is the state, it is not of the quality required R. E. Tittle, St. George, Ga.

the same. As a gem stone, however, opal for gem stones. Good cabinet specimens L. I. Martin, Waycross, Ga.

is far superior to any form of quartz. Its may be obtained in Cobb, Cherokee, Hab- C. J. Oliver, Gainesville, Ga.

brilliant opalescence is not due to pigment ersham and Upson counties.

R. S. Thompson, Toccoa, Ga.

but rather to the refraction of light that Lazulite is a phosphate of alumina, con- L. C. Hart, Ft. Gaines, Ga.

passes through the stone. The effect is taining magnesia and iron. It occurs in C. G. Trowbrdge, Chula, Ga.

similar to that seen where a thin film of fine pale blue crystals at Graves Mountain, L. B. Barrett,: Butler, Ga.

oil floats on water, but in opal a play of Lincoln county, but is too soft to cut as L. M. Oliver, Cornelia, Ga.

colors is produced that is unmatched in gems.

L. E. Ledbetter, Menlo, Ga.

any other stone. No precious opal is known to occur in Georgia. . A fire opal has been found near Chalker, Washington county. Hyalite, a clear glassy variety of opal, has been found at Laurel Creek corundum mines, Rabun county.

Epidote has a very limited use in jewelry. Most of the epidote found in Georgia is not perfectly transparent but it is not improbable that clear stones will be found. Its peculiar pistachio green color, found in few other stones, is its most attractive charac-

Kieffer Lindsey, Jasper, Ga.
GEOLOGISTS STUDY FOSSILS OF DAHLONEGA AREA

Beryl is a beryllium aluminum silicate teristic.

Edwin C. Eckel, Washington, D. C., for-

occurring mainly with certain coarse-grain- StauTolite occurs in Fannin and Chero- merly with the United States Geological

ed rocks known as pegmatites. The dark green beryl is known as emerald, the greenish blue as aquamarine, and the yellow as golden beryl. Common green beryl is known at many localities in the area of crystalline rocks but on account of inferior transparency is of little value as a gem. Aquamarine occurs in Rabun and Franklin counties. Emerald and golden beryl are not known to occur in Georgia.
Garnet is a common mineral in the crys-

kee counties in cruciform crystals which uncut form natural ornaments which are sometimes known as fairy stones.
PeaTls. A few valuable pearls have been obtained from shells of mussels in streams in the northwestern part of the state. The pearls obtained from the oyster along the coast lack luster and are of little or no value.
References to Precious Stones: S. W. McCallie, "Mineral Resources of

Survey, and Mrs. Junea W. Kelly, of the University of California, spent a part of June in the region of Dahlonega studying fossil remains to determine their geological status.
Mr. Eckel made a geological survey of the region several years ago and discovered at that time some interesting fossils, among them the leaves and seed of the larch, a species of tree not now found in its native state less than 400 miles further north.

talline rocks of the state but only rarely Georgia," Georgia Geological Survey, Bull. Mr. Eckel and Mrs. Kelly made studies

is it clear enough or large enough for gem 23, 1926.

in the Great Smoky Mountain National

material. The commonest color is deep red, 0. C. Farrington, "Gems and Gem Min- Park in Tennessee before coming to Geor-

almandine, more rarely cinnamon color, es- erals," Chicago, 1903.

gia, and expect to develop data of impor-

sonite. The crystals commonly have a G. F. Kunz, "The Magic of Jewels and tance regarding the time certain fauna and

rusty coating due to iron oxides that have Charms," Philadelphia, 1915.

flora appeared.

been leached from the mineral. Garnet is Max Bauer, "Precious Stones," London,

particularly abundant in Hall, Lumpkin, 1904.

"It has been estimated that 1,000 years

Dawson, Cherokee, Hart, Rabun and Carroll

may be necessary to build up an inch of

counties. It is reasonable to predict that a Reforestation in Georgia is carried on soil, an amount which often is removed bY

careful search would reveal material that mainly by keeping out fires and letting na- erosion in one year."-The National Plan

could be used either for gems or watch ture do the rest.

for American Forestry.