Forestry-geological review [June 1933]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPM

Vol. 3

ATLANTA, GA. JUNE, 1933

No.6

TWELFTH ANNUAL SESSION GEORGIA FORESTRY

VOCATIONAL FORESTRY SCHOLARSHIP WINNERS

Student Winner in each County

Joint Session with Paper Makers of the North-Largely Attended Meeting, Enthusiasm High, Notable Addresses-Old Officers Re-elected and Augusta Selected for Next Meeting Place.

Having Vocational Agricultural Schools-Camp to be held July 24 to August 12-Results of For estry Examination by State Forest Service Announced.

The twelfth annual meeting of the Georgia Forestry Association was featured not only by a splendid program of its own, but by a joint session with the American Paper and Pulp Association, and a technical expo-

A number of business men representing several commercial bodies were in attendance, and in group meetings discussed ways and means of continuing pulp and paper research and of promoting forestry

The results of examination held April 29 for students of about 100 vocational agricultural schools in Georgia competing for vocational camp scholarships have been announced by the State Forest Service.

sition of the findings of the pulp and paper development of the state. The interest of The Vocational Forestry Camp has been

research laboratory of the Department of these business men was at a high pitch. held for two summers at Young Harris Col-

Forestry and Geological Development of Next year the association will meet at lege in the mountains near Hiawassee, Ga.

Georgia, altogether making the meeting Augusta, and in the meantime, the same A winner of a scholarship is entitled to at-

the most notable in the history of the asso- officers that served the past year, with T. tend two camp sessions and to win a certifi-

ciation. It was a fitting part of the cele- G. Woolford as president, will continue cate of Vocational Forester.

bration of the 200th anniversary of the their excellent service.

The camp this year will be held July 24

City of Savannah and the State of Geor- The twelfth annual meeting of the Geor- to August 12 at Young Harris College. The

gia, the state with the greatest timber area gia Forestry Association, called to order list of winners for this year is as follows:

of any in the union.

by President T. G. Woolford, Atlanta, was Farris Carlan, Homer, Ga.; Robert Smith,

The famed hospitality of Savannah was opened with invocation by Dr. Samuel McP. Lorane; Ralph Johnson, Winder; J. W.

generously sustained. Georgians and north- Glascow, Savannah, and followed by an ad- Donaldson, Jr., Register; Barron Cochran,

ern visitors were equally delighted.

dress of welcome delivered by H. L. Kay- Girard; Render Rowe, Carrolton; Homer

The program was replete with encourag- ton substituting for Mayor Thomas Gamble. Winkle, Armuchee; Robert Poteete, Ken-

ing information about the progress of Geor- Mr. Kayton very cordially welcomed the nesaw; Elmon Vickers, Norman Park; Ash-

gia in dealing with its forestry problems. visitors to a city celebrating the 200th ley Whitehurst, Adel; Jim Hulsey, Dawson-

Pioneers of the association were full of en- anniversary of its founding and asked the ville; Chas. Head, Chamblee; Charlie Gunn,

thusiasm over dreams coming true.

pleasure of making the stay of those in Vienna; Paul Jones, Middleton; Calvin El-

The visit of paper manufacturers to Sa- attendance at the forestry meeting as hap- lington, Summit; Howard Tatum, Dawson-

vannah, and a day's joint session of paper PY as possible.

ville; John Broadwell, Alpharetta; Bill

makers and tree growers gave the latter Responding, Judge Ogden Persons, For- Oliver, Martin; Woodrow Osborn, Ellijay;

part of the meeting a paper making flavor. syth, accepted the welcome whole hearted- Harrell Russell, Sonoraville; Quinton Rooks,

The paper makers acknowledged the truth ly, and with delightful anticipation of en- Dacula; Eugene English, Demorest; Dorsey

of Dr. Herty's findings, admitted the possi- joying the hospitality of the mother city of King, Lavonia; Solon Owensby, Franklin;

bilities of the south becoming an important Georgia, famed for its beauty and the cor- Hardwick Floyd, Mystic; Oliver C. Ander-

source of newsprint, and welcomed furth- diality of its people.

son, Matthews; Elton Riner, Kite; Edwin

er research to develop all the desired in-

Hamilton's Key Note Address

Lloyd, Stockton; Virigree Coleman, Plain-

formation against a day when paper manu- The next speaker introduced, Thomas J. field; Alton Hodges, Ludowici; 0. M. Cates,

facturers would find it possible to expand Hamilton, editor of the Augusta Chronicle, Jr., Sale City; Huie Brand O'Kelly, Daniels-

into regions of new pulp supplies.

gave the keynote address of the convention ville; Holland Tuck, Oxford; Paul Roby,

Business men familiar with the econo- on "Forestry in Georgia", a short address Rabun Gap; J. H. Holloman, Richland; Per-

mies of manufacturing, and timber grow- replete with information, expressed in ry Foster, Jr., Leslie; Cecil Parks, Howard;

ers with records of timber supplies and forceful and clear language. Sketching for- Tharan Connell, Pavo; RusselWillis, Ty Ty;

rate of tree growth, portrayed the advant- estry movements in the United States and Wilber Blount, Vidalia; Shad Calloway,

ages held by the south in paper making, in Georgia, Mr. Hamilton complimented the Hogansville; Austin Avery, Adrian; J. L.

doubtless convincing the paper men that founders of the Georgia Forestry Associa- Spence, Waresboro; Dock Akin, Hatcher;

the south has great potential possibilities. tion for their vision and their achievements, Paul Rees, Preston; Tom Strickland, Dal-

Instructive exhibits of forest resources, the state forest service on the great work ton; Frank Pullen, Cohutta; Thomas Bryan,

forestry activities and the development of it is doing.

Philomath; I. J. Medders, Sylvester; Keith

forestry products were an interesting and "This is certainly the time", said Mr, Barnett, Bogart; Sam Loyd Whitmire, East-

eGnvincing feature of the meetings.

(Continued on Page 2 Col. 1)

anollee.

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review

Speaking to the faithful of the associa- be managed, he said, should be made at

Published Monthly by the

tion, he said: "The realiZJ\tion of your the outset. Steps sho_uld be taken to develfondest hopes of yesteryear are just ahead, op a sustained yield 8.nd a continuous mar-

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND for the state and nation are talking fores- ket. He spoke of the need of more favor-

GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

try as never before."

able rates on borrowed mont!y to which the

State Capitol, Atlanta C. A. WHITTLE, Editor

He said that it was fortunate that log- enterprise is entitled because of its high ging in Georgia had been limited largely to rate of security and to reduction in the cutting only the larger timber, leaving suf- item of depreciation which is high on tem-

ficient seed trees to insure a second crop. porary enterprises. He said that there

Forestry Division

He estimated that less than 10 per cent of should be a permanent industrial structure

the 23,750,000 acres of timber area of the including communities of workers and an

B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester____Atlanta state will require artifi.~ial planting.

increase in the efficiency an!f stability of

C. A. Whittle, Educational Mgr., ____Atlanta The real problem of insuring a stand of common labor, and development of techni-

H. M. Sebring, Asst. State Forester, Atlanta young trees, he said, is to make provision cal skill and economics in manufacturing,

E. B. Stone, Jr. Dist. Forester____ Gainesville for adequate fire protection. Where fire is lowered costs of production and increase in

C. B. Beale, District Forester______Waycross prevented, abandoned farms are restocking margin of profit.

W. D. Young, District Forester____________Rome Jack Thur_m___o__n__d__,__D___i_s_t__r_i_c__t__F___o_r__e__s_t_e__r_,Savannah C. N. Elliott, District Forester______Augusta H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester____Albany W. G. Wallace, District Forester..Columbus Mrs. N. N. Edwards, Stenographer!Atlanta Mrs. R. S. Thompson, Stenographer
-----------------------------------------Atlanta
Geological Division S. W. McCallie, State Geologist____Atlanta R. W. Smith, Asst. State Geologist,
------------------------ ____________________Atlanta G. W. Cric_k__m___a_y__,___A___s_s__t_.___S__t_a__t_e____G__e__o__l_o__g_Aistt,lanta Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk______________Atlanta
Research Division, Savannah Charles H. Herty______________Research Chemist W. C. 1\'tacNaughton______________Asst. Research Bruce Suttle__________________________Plant Engineer W. F. Allen______________________________________ Chemist James Dempsey_____________________ Asst. Chemist
Extension Foresters Bonnell Stone, Chairman, ______________ Oxford Dupre Barrett, __________________________________Athens K. S. Trowbridge, ______________________________Tifton

at a surprising rate, but, he said, if all the young growth 3 to 15 feet high were measured, the total area of such land would probably not exceed two million acres.
He said that where the timber protective organization is now in force on approximately two million acres, fires are being controlled and natural reforestation is a gratifying result.
At this point Mr. Lufburrow introduced Ranger Cary C. Ernest of Blairsville, associated with the first timber protective organization in the state in Union county on the Pfister-Vogel lands, to tell what results had been obtained.
Mr. Ernest spoke of the effectiveness of the system employed, how previously fires were common but now a rarity, with sentiment strongly supporting fire prevention. As a result of fire protection, he said, restocking of the cut over area and abandoned farm lands had pr9gressed rapidly and very satisfactorily.
Turning to the pine belt of lower Georgia, Mr. Lufburrow introduced H. H. Peagler of Waycross, a y9ung man directing a large forest area, to tell of the results in the habitat of the slash and longleaf pine.
Mr. Peagler told of his firebreak construction and success with forest fire prevention, the result of which has been a splendid stand of young slash and longleaf pine coming in and growing thriftily.
Mr. Lufburrow next introduced E. E.

Friday Luncheon Talks Following the morning session, a luncheon was held, presided over by Bonnell Stone, secretary of the association, who introduced President T. G. Woolford for re-
marks. Mr. Woolford said the major benefits
thus far derived from activities of the association were aiding in building up senti-
ment favorable to fire control. The future, he believed, held great opportunities for making paper from southern woods, and said that investigations had gone far enough to know that paper can be made from southern trees.
Reporting briefly on the outcome of a tri"Q made to Was_hington by State Forester Lufburrow and himself to represent Georgia in the allotment of federal aid in forestry relief work, Mr. Woolford said that projects for work were submitted them and others later that if accepted would bring to Georgia its share of funds and men to carry on plans of President Roosevelt for relief work on forestry projects in this state. He had learned in Washington that the forestry conservation funds would be available to national forests and parks, to state parks, and to privately owned but organized land areas, in the ord_er mentioned.
Miss Hattie Hardy, secretary of the Chamber of Commerce of Albany, was called upon to speak for the commercial organizations represented. She spoke briefly,

(Continued from Page 1)
Hamilton, "of all times to go forward for our great President who is leading the way

Bozeman, Moultrie, as a man who had kept fi.res off his land and was interested in forestry in vocational high schools. Mr. Bozeman gave the result of his experience with fire prevention, the consequent good stand

expressing keen interest in the association's activities and pledging hearty support of the cause of forestry.
Miss Emily Woodward, Vienna, as a rep-
resentative of the press, was invited to

toward conservation, reforestation and of rapid growing, thrifty pines and com- speak and delighted the audience with her flood control by marshalling armies total- pared areas thus treated with neighboring happy remarks of assurance that the press

ing some 250,000 men who will be put to work all over this country."
Summing up the ultimate objectives of the Georgia Forestry Association, he said:
"Vastly increase our timber supply and therefore, our state wealth. Through experimentation and research develop new uses for our forest products just as Dr. Herty is doing in Savannah.
"Turn barren, gully washed and worn

lands where burning has been a common practise, where no reproduction and slow growth of existing trees were the results.
Mr. Lufburrow advocated in closing a
program that will insure stumpage for turpentine operators, timber for sawmill men and material for pulp mills, which, carried forward intelligently, will mean maximum returns on the state's greatest natural resource, the forest.

of the state was heartily supporting the cause of forestry.
Educational Program The afternoon session was given over to educational work conducted by the state forest service. State Forester B. M. Lufburrow presided. The first speaker, C. A. Whittle, Educational Manager of the state Division of Forestry, discussed "Objectives of the Educational Program of the Division

lands into productiveness by crops of pines.

Forest Management

of Forestry".

"Protect watersheds of our rivers by re- C. C. Kuehn, Woodbine, Ga., operator of In general, he said that the purpose of

forestation of denuded area to aid flood a large timber area in southeast Georgia, the educational work of the Division of

control, power and nayigation.

addressed the meeting on the subject of Forestry is to reach the people of Georgia

"Provide preserves for game, birds, ani- "Forest Management". The problem of for- with information as to how to make the

mals and fish."

est management, he said, involves a care- most of their forest resources.

In a future issue of this publication, a ful consideration of all factors of cost, such The greatest medium was the press, in

full reproduction of this address will be as interest on investment, taxation, protec- which gratifying cooperation has been re-

given.

tion from fire, reforestation, and figure ceived both in the news and the editorial

State Forester Lufburrow on Natural these against a reasonable expectation of columns of the newspapers of the state.

Reproduction

yields; otherwise one might realize a loss He told of the service rendered by the

What forest fire control will do and has rather than a profit.

monthly publication, the Forestry-Geologi-

done to reforest cut over and abandoned Technical information should be obtain- cal Review, and of numerous reprints made

farm lands of Georgia was presented in a ed on which economic studies should be therefrom in the press of the state.

highly interesting and forceful address of based, leading to a wise decision as to the The division found bulletins, leaflets and

State Forester B. M. Lufburrow, during products to be develo!,led. Ample financial posters in great demand. Fifteen bulletins,

the course of which he introduced three means, he said, must be available to carry four biennial reports, 16 leaflets and num-

timber growers from various parts of the the undertaking over the long period for erous placards have been issued by the Di-

state to tell what had been their experi- developing returns.

vision of Forestry. The moving picture has

ence in obtaining natural reforestation.

A timber cruise and map of the tract to been widely used in schools, particularly to

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

emphasize the necessity for forest fire pro- teachers in general, he said, had enjoyed surroundings of trees. Thus, he said, a

tection.

the presentation of the forestry subject. great influence has been put in force to

Radio broadcasting, he stated, was used Eugene Adams of the Moultrie High bring the nation back to an appreciation of

at a number of stations in Georgia with School spoke on "How Forestry } ~ryeals to the value of the woods.

good results.

the Vocational Agricultural Student". His Mr. Anderson told of the great amount

The work with 120 vocational agricultur- well prepared talk was well received. He of money spent on parks by other states

al schools in Georgia in which school for- spoke of the main reason why high school and countries. Kentucky has 14 state parks

ests are used for teaching the principles of students should be interested in forestry, developed through an expenditure of $25,-

forestry by practice along lines planned by of the great natural resources represented 000 a year for a number of years, and that

the forest service has been carried on very by forests and forest products, of the ne- for 1933-34 the state had appropriated

successfully and the cooperation of voca- cessity of knowing the principles of fores- $250,000 for carrying on park development.

tional heads and teachers, he said, had been try so that this great natural resource can When Georgia cuts off $20,000 for pa-

very gratifying.

be developed intellil"ently and profitably. per research, he thought it was not yet

The vocational forestry camp for 100 He said that the study of forestry nat- ready to measure up to Kentucky in park

high school students, held each summer, he urally appeals to the high school student, appropriations. He said Georgia had every-

stated, was proving a great incentive to in- that no course of study was more popular thing essential for parks except an appre-

terest in Georgia.

and that home projects in forestry were un- ciation of the need and value of parks.

Good results, it was stated, were al- dertaken with enthusiasm. He felt that the He spoke of existing parks, Indian

ready manifest in the school communities vocational agricultural students of the state Springs, Vogel Park and Alexander Steph-

where fire protection, planting and im- were very grateful to the vocational and ens Memorial park. He advised Georgians

provement thinning are the direct result. forestry departments for the opportunity to make greater use of the national park

M. D. Mobley Approved Forestry Work in created in Georgia for high school students at Andersonville and favored memorials to

Schools

to study forestry,

Ben Hill, Robert Toombs, Crawford Long,

M. D. Mobley, Tifton, assistant director of vocational agricultural schools of Georgia, was introduced as the next speaker to discuss the subject of "Forestry Education in Vocational Agricultural Schools."
Mr. Mobley said that "as a result of the cooperative effort of the Georgia Forest Service and the Division of Vocational Education, we have here in Georgia possibly
the most unique and practical method of teaching forestry now in operation in the United States. Georgia was the first state to launch such a program. At present, however, a number of states have adopted the 'Georgia plan' or have developed a very similar program."
Mr. Mobley said approximately 150 communities in the state are carrying on fores-
try education in their schools, that more than 2,500 acres of school forests are used as laboratory tracts for teaching correct forestry management, and a large number of students are carrying on home projects on their father's lands where they are practicing the teachings of the schools.
Mr. Mobley praised the vocational forestry camp as a means of stimulating interest and for training neighborhood leaders in forestry.
In concluding, Mr. Mobley said that the legislature might apnropriate millions for experimenting with Georgia pines, but unless the next generation is taught the value of forest resources and how to plan, protect and grow trees, all appropriations will have been in vain.
"How Forestry has Stimulated Interest in Vocational Educational Work" was the ~ubiect of an informative paper by R. D. Pulliam. vocational teacher at Soperton. Mr. Pulliam won the Herty orize in 1932 for leading his school to do the best work in forestry. He said that management of forests is an important part of any well rounded course in vocational agricultural teaching, and the teaching of the princinles of forestry is auite as essential as teaching crop production. He gave an account of the reaction of his school unon ~he community in matters of forestry. The Influence had been definite in promoting forest protection from fires, in reforestation and better forest management. Stu-

About 80 vocational agricultural students were present from various parts of Georgia to attend the afternoon session, some of them making long and arduous trips to attend.
At the conclusion of the program the audience visited the pulp and paper laboratory and was shown how white newsprint, starting in as a pine log, is carried through various processes to make beautiful white newsprint. The visitors were impressed and delighted with the demonstration.
Annual Banquet
The annual banquet of the association was held at Bannon's lodge with President T. G. Woolford, toastmaster. After a delightful menu, Mr. Woolford invited Dr. Charles H. Herty to address the meeting.
Dr. Herty said that while much had been done and progress made in experiments with southern pines for pulp and paper making, only a start had been made. "We have completely refuted every misconception about the use of sap pine for pulp making," he said. He included the misconception that paper made of pine would be too yellow, but he added that the job was not complete. So far, all the experiments of the pulp and paper laboratory at Savannah had been directed to the production of white newsprint, but from now on, he said, more attention must be given to the surfacing of the paper to make it suitable to taking ink and photographic reproductions, and to take out of the paper the crackle it now has when handled.
Dr. Herty pointed out the necessity of research to develop other than newspaper uses of southern woods such as paper napkins, writing paper, book and magazine paper and cellulose products.
Jack Williams, editor of the Waycross Journal-Herald, spoke briefly of the possibilities of forestry in the Waycross region, of the necessity of exploiting the great natural wonders of the Okefenokee swamp and how the south should capitalize on its paper making possibilities.
State Parks Emp,hasized The morning session, Saturday, April 29, presided over by Mrs. M. E. Judd, Dalton, was devoted mainly to a discussion of state parks.

Senator Bacon and others, and parks mark-

ing historic sites in various points in Geor-

gia. He thought these were opportunities

for combining parks and game preserves.

Senator W. H. Key, Monticello, contin-

ued the discussion of parks, saying that

parks were the expression of a noble and

cultured people. Savannah, a city of parks

and monuments, he cited as a mother city

of Georgia whose example should be fol-

lowed by other cities. Modern life calls for

parks, and good roads afford facilities for

reaching them readily. Tho~sands of auto-

mobiles are carrying people along the high-

ways, people in the quest of beauty in the

open country but with no place to go.

Mr. Key spoke of the many historic spots

that should be made accessible and attrac-

tive so that the people not only of Georgia,

but visitors to the state may regard them

as worthy shrines. Other states, he said,

had found state parks not only a necessity

but a source of revenue, and Georgia would

profit in the same way. He called attention.

as an illustration of what would be found

through the state, to the mission remains

of the south Atlantic coast in Georgia,

forts, the Midway community, the homes

of signers of the Declaration of Independ-

ence. He praised Indian Springs, Vogel and

Stephens Memorial parks and their attrac-

tions, and expressed the hope that Georgia

would some day honor itself with an ade-

quate system of parks.

During the morning session Miss Ruth

Rountree, daughter of Hon. Leonard Roun-

tree. Summit, Ga., was heard in several

vocal selections accomPanied by Mrs. Cleve-

land Thompson, of Millen. Miss Rountree

has appeared in opera in the ea~t as well as

in the south. and is recognized as one of

the most talented young singers of the

south. Her numbers were acclaimed with

great applause.



The association went into a business ses-

~ion. C. B. Harman. Atlanta, chairman of

the executive committee, reported on activ-

ities of the association including work with

the legislature bv which an anpropriation

in excess of anything previously made was

obtained. He asked for continued active

and loyal support of members in carrying

on the association's program of work.

dents' home nroiects in forestry had at- W. T. Anderson, editor Macon Telegraph,

Officers Re-elected

tracted nehthborhood interest and led to Macon, spoke on "A System of Parks for Col. George Butler, chairman of the nom-

better nractices. The school forest with its Georgia" in his facile and forceful manner. inating committe, reported and the follow-

cabin- constructed by students had attract- He said man's original temple was the ing- officers were elected: ";d ~IIVorable attention and stimulated pub- woods and the forests were consecrated, T. Guy Woolford, Atlanta, president;

be Interest in the obiectives of the boys. but in our day they are desecrated. Presi- Judge Ogden Persons, Forsyth, first vice

The forestrv n.ro.iect in vocational dent Roosevelt, he said, had conceived the president: Jack Williams, Waycross, second

schools. he said: had nroven popular among plan of turning the unemployed to the for- vice president; J. Phil Campbell, Athens, 8d~ud~nts. and the aid r<>ndered bv visiting ests to plant and care for trees that they third vice president; Joseph A. McCord,

lStrtct foresters had been an important might be removed from vicious influences Sr., Atlanta, treasurer, and Bonnell Stone,

factor in stimulating interest. Vocational and placed at work among the wholesome Oxford, secretary.

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

The following is the personnel of the in the south had made greater progress in made by the laboratory were distributed

new executive board, all of whom but recent years than anywhere else in the na for inspection.

Messrs. Candler and Lee, were re-elected: tion-this in the production of kraft pa-

Economic Advantages

Mrs. M. E. Judd, Dalton; Gordon E. Reynolds, Albany; H. L. Kayton, Savannah; Alex K. Sessoms, Cogdell; Thomas Candler, Blairsville; B. C. Milner, Atlanta; J. M. Mallory, Savannah; J. W. Fowler, Soperton; R. E. Benedict, Brunswick; Thomas J. Hamilton, Augusta; W. H. Key, Monti-
cello; Col. E. George Butler, Savannah; W. T. Anderson, Macon; Miss Emily Woodward, Vienna; Dr. W. G. Lee, Macon, and
R. E. Price, Kingsland. J. M. Mallory, chairman of the commit-
tee on place of annual meeting, named Augusta. After spirited remarks from the representatives of othe_r cities seeking the
meeting, Augusta was selected. Senator W. H. Key, Monticello, chair-
man of the resolution committee, offered resolutions of cordial appreciation of the hospitality of Savannah and thanking the press, the Savannah Hotel, President T. G. Woolford, the Savannah Industrial Committee, State Forester B. M. Lufburrow and Hon. S. H. Morgan, (juyton, who provided
flowers for the convention.
Resolutions approved President Roosevelt's reforestation plan, favored continuation of appropriations under the ClarkeMcNary Act for forest fire prevention and advocated a system of state parks.
Gratification was expressed at the progress of experimentation in the pulp and paper laboratory of the Department of Forestry and Geological Development in charge of Dr. Charles H. Herty.

per. Now with Dr. Herty's discoveries oi the possibilities of making newsprint frorr young southern pines and with sulphur, clay and rosin at hand, with well establish ed transportation facilities, nearness to the great consuming market, all the year accessibility to supplies of pulpwood at lo cost, rate of tree growth that makes possi ble the production of a crop of timbe1 suited to paper making in seven to ten years, he believed there was nowhere greater advantages for paper making to be found than here in the south. The state of Georgia, he said, welcomed paper manufacturers of the north to follow the lead of the New England textile mills to the fields of supply, and to feel sure of a cordial welcome and fair treatment in Georgia.
Laboratory Results Given
W. G. MacNaughton, assistant research chemist of the state Pulp and Paper Laboratory, formerly with the International Paper Company, and formerly an officer of the American Pulp and Paper Company, next presented a paper dealing with the subject "Georgia Pine Sulphite and Ground Wood for Newsprint", and reported findings of the state laboratory.
He reported the early work of Dr. Herty who conceived the possibilities of using young southern pines for making white paper; had chemical analyses made to show that young pines did not contain too much resin as was generally thought to hinder the making of white naper, and how the

Col. E. George Butler, Savannah, discussed the "Economic Advantages of Georgia for Manufacturing Paper." Col. Butler outlined in brief the contents of his paper which he stated would appear in printed
form and be distributed later. Attention was directed to the vast acre-
age of rapid growing trees in the state where it is possible to obtain sustained yields in a comparatively short rotation of 7 to 12 years in which period it is possible to grow pines of suitable size for paper
manufacture. The state has 23,750,000 acres classed as
timberland, a great part of which is devoted to the growth of pines, and since much of the pine area is now classed as second growtl;t, it is occupied by timber either of suitable size for making paper or is in course of producing pines that in a few years will be available for this purpose.
Col. Butler brought to the attention of
the audience the all-year round operating season in the woods. excellent transportation facilities of rail, water and highways penetrating all parts of the state; abundance of water; low cost of dependable labor; sup~nlies of secondary materials such as lime, clay, sulphur, rosin, reasonable electric power and fuel rates; comparatively cheap lands on which a supply of pulpwood can be grown by a paper mill; comparative nearness and easy accessibility to consum-
ing centers of paper.

Cooperation was offered by the associa- state of Georgia had been led to make an

Paper Official Heard

tion to chambers of commerce and similar appropriation. the American Chemical The closing address of the morning was

commercial organizations in Gieorgia in Foundation, the city of Savannah and priv- delivered by Charles W. Boyce, secretary

their efforts to get paper mills in Georgia. ate citizens had donated funds to establish of the American Paper and Pulp Associa-

Gordon Reynolds, Albany, introduced a a laboratory at Savannah for carrying on tion.

resolution from the floor expressing- ap- research.

Mr. Boyce drew a distressing picture of

'preciation of the long, faithful and efficient McKee and Cable reported in 1921 ex- the present conditions of the paper manu-

service of Secretary Bonnell Stone, which periments with sapwood of pines that gave facturing industry. Like many other indus-

was adopted.

a pulp with yield and color practicallv tries during the depression, it had found

Paper Makers and Forestry Association
in Joint Session
RePresentatives of the American Pulp and Paper Manufacturers Association and similar organizations of technical paper

equivalent to the yield and color of sulnhite obtained from spruce under nearly identical conditions. The Georgia laboratory had found that the chemical characteristics of sap wood have not presented any problems in the nroduction of sulnhite or

itself over-expanded and engaged in profitless competition. In addition, the paper industry has had to suffer from depreciated foreign currencies that allowed European nroducers to enter the American market ~ith severe and demoralizing competition.

manufacturers came to Savannah, 75 in ground wood pulps.

-

Mr. Boyce said that D'r. Chas. H. Herty

number, at the invitation of the GeorP."ia An outstanding feature of southern had undertaken in the face of demoralized

Forestry Association to studv the results nines, he said, was the extreme difference paper manufacturing conditions to find a

of the state pulp and paper laboratory at between the density of the spring and sum- way for developing the industry in the

Savannah and view the forest resources mer growth of pines, for spring wood a south. He complimented Dr. Herty on his

of PUlpwood in that section. The northern density of 0.35, for summer wood a density faith, vision and service to the paper in-

visitors arrived by boat Mondav, May 1. of 0.70. Laboratory records on twelve year dustry in revealing the possibilities of the

were taken to the DeSoto Hotel. where a old pines showed 30 per cent summerwood south. He Raid they had come by invitation

joint session of paper makers and forestry and an average densitv of 0.47. Analysis of to study Dr. Herty's findings and take a

wor'kers of Georgia was held.

loblolly revealed suring wood to contain look at the forest resources of a section of

The occasion was unusual and quite sig- 58.06 per cent cellulose, 28.12 per cent thP, south.

nificant, nerhaps an historic event, even lignin, while the summer wood has 61.21 In developing the paper manufacturing

marking the turn of .paper making south- per cent cellulose and 26.78 per cent lig- possibilities of the south, he said competi-

ward.

nin, with total components of the two tion of Canada, the Pacific northwest, Eu-

Judge Ogden Persons, Forsyth, vice pres- woods practicallv the same.

rone and Ru.,sia would have to be faced.

ident of the Georgia Forestry Association, Results of sulphite pulping given by W. Taking a 250-mile belt in the north and

welcomed the visitors in an eloouent ad- F. Allen, laboratory chemist, carried on east :o~s a center of production and con- .

dress in which he gave a graphic sketch within commercial limits and various com- sumption of paner, he said that the south

of the historic setting in which the visitors positions of acid and temperature were re- wRs no nearer than Canada with sources of

found themselves welcome guests, and ported, one showing satisfactory pulping at pulpwood, that the northwest with great

honed that they would feel no restraint in a total cooking time of 10 to 11 hours. sunplies and large recent production of

indulging the hospitality of Georgia to the Tests with dolomite and lime had revealed nulp and low water rates to the east must

limit.

no identifying condition reJi:'arding the kind be considered. Europe with close utilization

Speaking of the objectives of the meet- of lime to use.

~>nd economy of production, coupled with

ing of paper makers and forest growers. Microscopic examination of fibre reveal- denreciated currencies, was making d"vas-

he said that frankly, Georgia believed that ed marked difference in the cell structure tating inroads into American markets.

Dr. Herty had demonstrated a possibility of of spring and summer wood fibres, magnifi- while Russia had been and may be again

making newsprint from southern nines. cation revealing spring wood as short pieces a fnctor in woodpulp materials.

that Georgia had 23,750,000 acres of forest of ribbon and summer wood fibre frag- Mr. Boyce said that the south had made

land, the greatest forest area of any state ments of wire. The spring wood fibre not rapid progress in producing kraft paper,

in the union, occupied largely by species of having necessary cell wall strength col- revealing economic advantages. Dr. Herty's

trees shown to be suited to paper making. lapsed, while the summer wood fibre, with work had shown the possibilities of making

He read an editorial from the Manufac- greater strength, did not collapse even af- newsprint from young southern pines. The

turers Record showing that paper making ter drastic cooking. Hand sheets of paper south, with rapid growing species of trees

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

5

and long- growing season, held exceptional once cultivated, should be devoted to grow- Alex K. Sessoms, Cogdell, a large timopportunities for sustained yields and a ing trees and, in fact, would grow nothing ber owner, spoke on natural reproduction.

permanent source of a large supply of pulp- so profitably as pines.

He told of the plans followed on his large

wood, which, along with other opportuni- In closing, he said, "We have come to a holdings for fire prevention and how imme-

ties, revealed to paper manufacturers a po- full realization of the fact that our future diate reproduction came about. The prob-

tential source of supply whenever in the prosperity lies in the devotion of our po- lem of getting a stanq of pines over much

future the industry may find itself ready tential forestry land to forest growth." of the south could be completely solved by

to develop these resources.

Allen Abrams, president of the Technical mer(!ly keeping out forest fires.

Mr. Boyce congratulated Dr. Herty and Association of Pulp and Paper Institute and So gener-ous were the pines in seeding,

the state for its enterprising forward steps Chemist of the American Paper Mills of and so well equipped were they for scat-

in research to develop the possibilities of Wisconsin, spoke in an illuminating man- tering their winged seed that very thick

paper making in this section.

ner about the economic phases of paper stocking resulted, presenting a problem of

Georgians Hold Conference

making and of the necessity of being forti- thinning. He hoped paper mills would solve

Georgians in the meeting were asked to fied properly before rather than falling the . :problem by creating a market for

remain at the close of the meeting for a
brief conference. Bonnell Stone, Secretary of the Georgia Forestry Association, called the meeting to order and introduced W. T. Anderson of Macon.
Mr. Anderson said that a number of rep-
resentatives of Georgia Chamber of Commerce were present and intent upon interesting paper manufacturers to establish
plants in their respective communities. He said that a number of the visiting Georgians seemed to be under the impression that Dr. Herty's work had been completed to the point where all the information neeessary to assure successful production of newsprint has been developed. This, he said, was contrary to any claim ever made by Dr. Herty, that the necessary research work had hardly more than begun.

headlong into a development unless it can
be a secure one. Mr. Abrams said, "The possibility of es-
tablishing a sulphite or white paper industry in the south is an intriguing one and naturally of vital interest to you as well as
to the rest of us. The first, or technical Phase, is well under way under the direction of that able chemist, g-ame fighter and
good fellow, Dr. Charles Herty. "It is Dr. Herty who ferreted out the
facts of pa!Jer making interest-that your southern pines develop heartwood only after twenty years of age; that the rosin content is low until heartwood develops; and that a paper making stand of timber can be g-rown in from ten to fifteen years. It is he who has asked the paPermen of the country to take his facts and tell him what i~

thinnings. The party took up its itinerary after the
Hinesville program, visiting the HowardParker area where a splendid demonstration of the natural reproduction discussed by Mr. Sessoms, was found demonstrated.
A sawmill at Townsend was inspected and then a visit was made to the GillicanChipley turpentine still where a run was in progress. The process attracted much interest. Some negroes entertained with music and dancing, and workers in the stave factory demonstrated how they could syncopate their work so as to play a tune on
the staves. The party returned by Midway, inspect-
ed the old church and historic cemetery, and then returned to Savannah where the visitors took boat for home in the eveninr:.

Mr. Anderson said that Dr. Herty had wrong-and that is the right attitude for
been asked to make a statement of the a man to take, be he scientist, banker or BROADCASTING STATION

status of his work and what is yet to be done. This statement was read, which showed that while many important and encouraging facts had been developed and paner had been made, it remained to be shown how the paper could be produced with tensil strength suitable to the high tension of
more rapid production of large commercial plants and how to perfect the paper surface for ink absorption, cut reproduction, as
well as best methods of making book and writing pa!Jer in which Georgia clays and rosin play a part.
The chief concern of the Chambers of

what not. "But as in all research of such a charac-
ter it is impossible to give a sound answer in a short time. I thought Judg-e Persons took a commendable attitud~ this morning when he exnressed the idea that sound develo.r>ment in five to ten years would be
satisfactory." He considers that Georgia has the
streams necessary for proper water supply;
a mild climate, low building costs, limestone, coal, clay, rosin and alum, sulphur conveniently near, cheap and dependable
labor, and good shipping facilities.

ON FORESTER'S BACK
A new portable radio set so light and durable that it can readily be carried in the back-pack of a forest worker is undergoing final tests by the Forest Service. It weighs only 13 pounds and will transmit as well as receive voice messages, reports the United States Department of Agriculture.
Last year, the Forest Service put into actual field use in a number of western forestg

Commerce of the state, he said, should be to find ways of keeping Dr. Herty on the job.
Paper Makers Visit State Laboratory
The visitors from the north were conveyed to the pulp and paper laboratory of

He said to Georgians: "Have a thorough and impartial analysis made so you will know exactly what you must do if you
wish to succeed. Progress cannot be stop-
ped, and I want to assure you it is our earnest hope to keep in close touch with

two types of radio sets developed by Forest Service officers. One of these, a 56pound semiportable set, was designed to receive and transmit both voice and code. The other was a portable set, weighing 11

the state located at Savannah and were you and to help steer this work along for

conducted through the plant by Dr. Chas. 1 our mutual interests."

.

H. Herty and his staff. Many questions ' R. <?: McDonald, secretary of Tapp1;

were asked, and informal discussions car- ~eorgm Butler and Dr. <?harles Herty were

ried on. Suffice it to say that the naper mtroduced and made bnef statements.

pounds, which received voice but transmitted code only.
The new 13-pound set, as designed by forest officers, is expected to duplicate

makers were pleased with the way the re

Field Trip of Paper Men

the performance of the 56-pound semi-

search work was being carried on, and imPressed with the correctness of the find-
ings. Banquet Addresses
A banquet tendered at the DeSoto Hotel

May 2 was given over to a field trip, first I portable set. The advantages of voice

to Hinesville in Liberty county, where a fish communication with a portable apparatus

dinner was served. Mayor J. welcomed the visitors.

B. Frazier

are obvious. The new set uses short wave

Dr. Chas. H. Herty introduced James A. lengths and special new-type tubes, and

was largely attended. Judge Ogden Per- Fowler, Soperton, who spoke on his ex- should be capable of maintaining communi-

sons, Forsyth, presided in his affable and perience in planting pines. Mr. Fowler has cation throughout an entire national for-

pleasing manner. . Thomas Gamble, Mayor of Savannah, de-

been planting pines for seven years over a large acreage. He told of their rapid growth

est. It will be especially valuable in areas

hvered an impressive address. He told of and how he had supnlied the state nulp and where there are no telephone lines or high-

the work of Dr. Herty in revolutionizing paper laboratory with some of the thinnings ways.

turpentine practices of the south in spite of 7-year old pines for making paper and
?f the incredulity of the operators and how how an issue of his home paper had been tn his undertaking to make white paper I printed on this paper.
from southern pines he faced the same in- Mr. Fowler advocated planting- a vast
credulity. Nothing daunted, Dr. Herty had acreage of state lands that will not re-

In some cases forest supervisors are planning to use radio to supplant telephone line extensions, now costly to maintain over snow fields and glaciers. The

gone forward, dispelled misconceptions, and had built up convincing evidence.
1\_fayor Gamble grew eloquent in his descnption of the southern pine, its rapid growth, its varied uses, its luxuriance, and

stock satisfactorily by natural reproduction, his experience showing that a more satisfactory stand can thus be obtained, more rapid growth secured and earlier yields of pulp and naval stores than waiting

semi-portable and code radio sets used last year proved decidedly advantageous in maintaining communication in broken mountain and canyon regions and in keep-

of how visitors would see trees only seven Years old big enough to make pulpwood. The pines reseed abundantly with no cost for planting on the greater part of the
state's lands. A vast acreage in the state

for natural reproduction. Mr. Fowler has the distinction of being
the first to grow pines that in seven years had produced trees 5 to 8 inches in diame-
ter that were converted into paper.

ing in close touch with crews and "smoke-
chasers", fighting forest fires in the North Pacific and Northern Rocky Mountain regions.

6

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

GEORGIA CONSERVATION

T. G. WOOLFORD HONORED

CAMP SITES LOCATED

BY FRIENDS WITH DINNER

THIRD DISTRICT C. N. Elliott, District Forester

State Forest Service has Selected 30 On the night of May 19, a number of Camp 'Sites Aside from National forestry friends of Georgia assembled at

Augusta

Forests on State and Organized the Ansley Hotel in Atlanta and tendered

Privately Owned Lands - Four a complimentary dinner to Mr. and Mrs. T.

Sites Approved First

G. Woolford as an expression of apprecia-

tion of Mr. Woolford's service to forestry

WoO'dville T. P. 0., Green County, Planned
Plans are under way for the organization

The State Forest Service, which is authorized to carry on conservation relief work in the state outside of the national forests, has submitted 30 projects, four of which have already been approved. These are Indian Springs, Hinesville, Waycross and Albany. These four 200-men camps were selected by representatives of the state forest service and officers of the army this

in Georgia, and to honor him for his re- of a 20,000 acre timber protective organi-

cent election as a member of the director- zation near Woodville in Green county. A

ate of the United States Chamber of Com- committee of local citizens appointed to in-

merce.

vestigate and report on the acreage to be

Gordon Reynolds, Albany, was toastmas- enlisted, the assessments to be made, and

ter. Those speaking their sincere apprecia- the program of work to be carried out is:

tion of Mr. Woolford's services and felici- R. R. Shaw, chairman; A. S. Durham and
tations to Mrs. Woolford, were c. B. Har- J. L. Wilson. A meeting to complete the
man, Atlanta; Bonnell Stone, Oxford; Mrs. I organization will be held during the latter

week, and an assignment of men to set up M. E .Judd, Dalton; Judge Ogden Persons, part of May.

these camps is expected in a week or ten Forsyth; Miss Emily Woodward, Vienna; Patrolman Moore's Brier Creek

days, to be followed by a full quota a short B. M. Lufburrow, Atlanta; C. C. Kuehn,

T. P. 0.

time thereafter.

Woodbine; C. A. Whittle, Atlanta; E. S. Patrolman T. M. Moore of the Brier

In selecting camp sites, State Forester Center, Jr., College Park; James A. Fowler, Creek T. P. 0. in Burke county has an exB. M. Lufburrow stated at a banquet tend- Soperton; E. George Butler, Savannah; S. cellent fire record for the first three months

ered Friday night, May 19, to T. G. Wool- W. McCallie, Atlanta.

of 1933. Of the 25,000 acres of land under

ford, president of the Georgia Forestry As- Others in attendance were Mrs. Gordon his supervision, only 165 acres, or approxi-

sociation, that the relief Act of Congress Reynolds, Albany; Mrs. Bonnell Stone, Ox- mately 1-15 of 1 per cent of the land under

permits work on state lands and on private ford; Mrs. B. M. Lufburrow, Mrs. Dixon protection, was burned over.

lands where private land owners have been and Mrs. S. W. McCallie, Atlanta.

Mr. Moore is to be complimented on this

carrying on fire control work under coop- Telegrams and letters from a number excellent record.

erative agreement with state and federal agencies. He stated that on state owned lands projects have been submitted taking care of Indian Springs, Alexander Stephens Memorial at Crawfordville, Vogel Park at Nee! Gap, state forest at Augusta, state properties in Baldwin and Tignall counties, and state nurseries at Albany and Blairsville.
According to Mr. Lufburrow, the first camps on lands of cooperating land owners are located at most convenient centers,

of people active in forestry in the state were received expressing appreciation, and regret of their inability to be present.
A handsome basket of flowers from Mrs.
Judd's gardens, and books of poems from Mrs. Judd's library were presented.
Mr. and Mrs. Woolford expressed sincere appreciation for the surprise party.
Reforestation, conservation, perspiration, blisteration, chiggeration, army ration, reflation of the nation.

Biologists Visit Augusta
Dr. A. H. Howell and Mr. T. D. Burleigh, Lenoir, associate biologist of the U. S. Biological Survey, recently made Augusta their first stop in a tour of Georgia to obtain data on the birds and animals of this state. Range, distribution and food habits of the mammals are to be studied. The biologists expected the trip to be of some six weeks' duration.

but after six or more months some of the camps may be shifted to other sites.
The proposed camp sites on lands of protective organizations, selected for approval of the U. S. Forest Service, are as follows: Hinesville, Albany, Blairsville, Ellijay, Hab-

Sap's in the trees and saps in the woods, but little forestry sapience available in these happy days that are here (and there) again.

FOURTH DISTRICT W. G. Wallace, Dist. Forester
Columbus
Meriwether T. P. 0. Has Good

ersham county, Walker-Chatooga county unit, Alpharetta, Jackson county, Hart county, Warm Springs, Burke county, Taylor-Talbot county unit, Quitman-RandolphClay-Seminole unit, Turner-Worth-Tift unit, Echols county, Clinch county, Brantley-Carlton unit, Camden county, south Carlton unit, Brantley-Wayne-Glynn unit, Long county, Chatham county, Screven county, Bulloch county~ Montgomery county, Jeff Davis-Coffee-Bacon-Appling unit, Treutlen county, Emanuel county, LaurensWheeler-Telfair-Dodge unit, central Dodge county, south Telfair county.
In all, work is contemplated in 69 counties of Georgia.

Trained foresters a plenty were among the "forgotten men" till this reforestation relief began, and now as rare birds they are noticed and run after as much as the Prince of Wales.
Whether it is a firebreak, fire line or fire trail, here is a vociferous vote for "fire break".
Bonnel Stone Speaks
Bonnell Stone, Oxford, was a guest speaker of the Kiwanis club of Covington, and told of the progress of forestry and the possibilities of farm forestry in that section of the state.

Record
The Meriwether Timber Protective Organization at Warm Springs has an excellent fire protection record for this year. Since January 1, only two fires broke out and were confined to 5 acres. These two fires were started accidentally, probably by smokers. No fires resulted from debris burning which generally causes most fires in this section during the winter and spring,
Hoke Smith, fire chief of the timber protective organization and his crew are quick to respond to fire calls and are willing fighters, using the excellent equipment to good effect.
The activities of the fire fighting crew

The telegraph companies, enjoying war

are not limited to T. P. 0. lands, but as-

time business, as the 250,000 workers are E. L. Demmon, director of the Southern sistance is given to adjoining land owners.

mobilized, might order a billion new poles Forestry Experiment Station, New Orleans, The district forester has made numer-

with the money they make out of this for- was a visitor in the state forester's office in ous contacts in and around the organized

estry push.

May.

area and finds a high degree of sentiment

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

1

against woods burning, developed since the T. P. 0. was organized, in contrast to an indifference to forest fires and in some cases a belief in woods burning that exist-

SEVENTH DISTRICT
C. Bernard Beale, Dist. Forester Waycross

for planting stock is expected next year Though the reforestation idea as an emer gency measure did not take root till late in the seeding season, several new seed

ed previously.
Hogansville High Represented at Savannah
Under the leadership of Prof. Claud

Star Naval Stores Company Protecting
The Star Naval Stores Company, Thelma

Bray, vocational agricultural teacher at Naval Stores Company, and the Groveland

Hogansville High School, five students in- Naval Stores Company, representing inter-

terested in forestry work of the school, at- ests of Chas. Gillican and others of Hom-

tended the annual meeting of the Georgia erville in Clinch county, embracing 47,000

Forestry Association at Savannah and acres, is a recent addition of acreage active

f ound it a most enJ' oyable and instructive in fire protection in the Consolidated Tim-

trip.

ber Protective Organization of Homerville.

Georgia Industrial College Splendid I Firebreaks with the Hester plow are now

Work In Forestry Ended

being plowed on these lands and it is un-

It is very regrettable that the splendid derstood several hundred miles are plan-

work in forestry carried on by the Georgia ned.

beds were rushed to completion for late planting,
Nurseryman Bauer reports that in spite of bad weather and insufficient shade, a larger percentage of the seeds have pro duced seedlings than last year and present prospects favor a much larger crop. He hopes to sell at least a million seedlings.
An excellent stand of black walnut has been obtained this season.
The sulphate of ammonia tests carried on last year are continued this year. The first year's results are promising, giving stock ier, greener and better rooted seedlings.

Industrial College at Barnesville under the This is a welcome addition to the Con-

leadership of Prof. F. W. White is ended solidated Timber Protective Organization Advice to Enlisted Forest Workers

by reason of the discontinuance of the in- and the organization will be greatly

stitution of the Board of Regents of the strengthened by having these lands join in.

University. This institution had not only Timber Protective Organizations

Pine gum is not for chewing purposes

won highest recognition for work in voca- Have Good Fire Record for Season -unless you should happen to like it.

tiona! forestry, but the school had devebp- This has been as good a fire season as The acorn, not "corn" is generally native

ed a large tree nursery of very high class, last year was bad for the timber protective to the forest.

erected a forestry cabin, organized a vocationa! forestry club and had managed a large forestry tract in the most approved manner.
From a forestry viewpoint, the discontinuance of this school is a distinct ioss.
SIXTH DISTRICT

organizations. All the timber protective organizations in this district got through the fire season with exceptionally low records of fires, most of the fires on organization lands being on member lands who have stopped protection work and gone into burning. It is expected that many of these members will see the error of giving up

A machette is designed to cut saplings in this country, and not yourself or your neighbor.
Get acquainted with the poison ivy be fore it gets familiar with you.
A good cure for sore muscles is more work.

Jack Thurmond, Dist. Forester Savannah

fire protection, see the good records of the A firebreak is a non-combustible streak timber protective organizations that have made by back-breaking labor. kept up their firebreaks and fire fighting, A fire tower is erected for fire spotters

Dodge T. P. 0. has New Members and that many will come back into the fold who are not supposed to go to sleep on the

The timber protective organization in next year and resume the protection work. job.

Dodge county has increased in acreage This is to be hoped for.

The rail splitter is extinct. That avenue

from 10,500 to 18,000 during the past quarter, ten new members having been added to the list.
The new members plan to plow firebreaks, buy fire pumps and be prepared for fire when the time comes. The Dodge T. P. 0. has been very successful in that it has had few fires during the past two seasons

Appleby Lands Inspected
Inspection of 8,000 acres of timberlands

owned by Scott B. Appleby of Augusta and

located in Jeff D.avis, Coffee and Brantley

counties in this district, has been made by

the district forester and plans prepared

for the protection and development of

these prop.erties. .. ..

_

to the presidency is closed.
A "dull axe" is your best alibi. A forest lover is born, not made, in a six month's forest work camp.
"God alone can make a tree" and your duties do not include giving Satan a hand in it.

and the more members that can be listed This acreage will probably be placed in

in the organization, the fewer fires they the timber protective organizations of the
will have. Mr. Hillis, secretary-treasurer of several counties for fire protection coop- T. G. WOOLFORD DIRECTOR

the organization, states that more interest eration.

U.S. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE

is being shown in the work than ever before.
Camp Site in Liberty Inspected
Lieutenants Jenkins and Tipton of Fort Screven inspected the proposed site for a camp in Liberty county, which, if approved, will be the home of some 200 men for

County Suffers Short Drought
The Waycross section has suffered from a several weeks' drought. The ponds, bays and crawfish lands had dried up and the recent rains are certainly welcome. Many land owners will have the fire danger worry removed from their minds now that

At its annual meeting early in May, the United States Chamber of Commerce elect ed T. G. Woolford, Atlanta, president of the Georgia Forestry Association, as di rector of that organization.

the next twelve months. The army men things are getting wet again.

The honor came as a recognition of his

seem well pleased with the site and report-

outstanding business ability, knowledge of

ed favorably on it.

southern conditions and ability for nation

If the camp is approved, the men will

EIGHTH DISTRICT

al leadership in directing the most import

begin work there as soon as the preliminary Work of establishing camp has been finished. The work plans call for primary fire-

H. D. Story, Jr., Dist. Forester Albany

ant organization of business men in the world, the United States Chamber of Com merce.

break construction on lands which are un-

Progress of State Nursery

The many friends of Mr. Woolford are

der cooperative agreement for protection With the emergency conservation force gratified at this recognition of a great bus

under state suppression.

ready for forestry work, a large demand iness leader.

8

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

ulation of the state incr.eases ~nd cities

MINERALS OF GEORGIA

Igrow, lighting and heat will provide a new demand. At present water power utiliza-

Brief Accounts of Occurences and Developments of the State's

tion is quite up to the state's needs. Take the Chattahoochee river as an ex-

Leading Minerals

ample. The United States States Engineer

Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

Corps have made surveys, borings and estimates for a series of dams from Colum-

bus to Atlanta, each to back water up to

WATER POWER OF GEORGIA

the foot of the next dam and provide navigation. Supplementing this, B. M. Hall

computed water power from Atlanta to

It has been computed by B. M. Hall and

M. R. Hall and recorded in Bulletin 38 of

the Georgia Geological Survey, that 2,381,-

800 10-hour horse power is available from

Georgia streams. According to the annual

report of State Geologist S. W. McCallie

the amount of horse power of Georgia

streams developed in 1931 was 423,300.

Seven main watersheds of Georgia and

their potential water power are as follows:

Savannah river basin 734,050

Ogeechee river basin

9,300

Altamaha river basin 251,550

Coastal region basin

40,500

Apalachicola river basin 935,300

Mobile river basin

in Georgia

297,000

Tennessee river basin

in Georgia

114,100

These estimates are made on "safe aver-

age daily output in 10-hour horse power"

but estimated on a low water average, the

horse power is placed at 1,743,650.

Savannah River Basin Development of water power in Georgia has occurred largely since 1903. Previous to that time the only water power development of consequence in this state was that represented by the Augusta canal, for a long time the most extensive water power development in the southern states. Construction of this seven miles of canal was launched in 1845 by a private company. The City of Augusta acquired it in 1849. Its capacity has been increased from time to time and with average year water flow has a net capacity of 15,700 net horse power under a 40-foot head, continuously 24 hours a day, or with daily storage, 37,600 horse power, ten hours per day. Other developments on the Savannah river basin are Stevens creek plant on the Savannah river with 31,250 horse power, with plans calling for double this capacity. Elberton Light and Water Power Company, 360 horse power; Gregg Shoals at the mouth of Cold Water Creek, 1,520 horse power; Tallulah Falls, 108,000 horse pow-

800 horse power; New Bridge on Chestatee river near Gainesville, 1,500 horse power; Habersham Mills on Soque river, 1,050 horse power; Chestatee Pyrites and Chemical Co., on Chestatee river, 16,800 horse power; Roswell Manufacturing Co., 400 horse power; West Point Manufacturing Co., 4,600 horse power; Columbus Power Co., 36,376 horse power; City Mills Power Co. (Columbus), 600 horse power; Eagle & Phoenix Mills (Columbus), 5,900 horse power.
Oconee River Developments
Mitchell bridge, 1,025 horse power; Tallahassee shoals 1,300 horse power; Barnett shoals 5,600 horse power. These three dams are near Athens. Oconee River Mills, Milledgeville, 500 horse power. The Georgia Power Company has a large incomplete development at Milledgeville. Other developments in the Altamaha basin are Porterdale near Covington on the Yellow river, 1,400 horse power; Towaligo Falls in Monroe county, 5,000 horse power.
Lower Appalachicola Basin
The following developments occur in the Apalachicola basin of southwest Georgia; Bainbridge Power Company on Spring creek; 1,200 horse power; Cordele Power Company, 5,000 horse power; Georgia-Alabama Power Company, Albany, 10,800 horse power; same comp~ny on Pataula creek, 2,500 horse po~er.
Other Developments
The Jackson Dam near Jackson in Butts county on the Ocmulgee river of the Altamaha basin has 33,000 horse power.
On the Etowah river of the Mobile river basin, near Cartersville, a plant with 411 horse power has been developed.
On the Toccoa river near Blue Ridge 26,810 horse power has been the latest important water power development on the streams of Georgia.
Many minor water power developments mainly for operating flour mills have taken place since the first settlement of Georgia,

Gainesville. It was disclosed that the fall of the river from Gainesville to Columbus is 795 feet for the 205 miles of the stream flow. Only 225 feet of this fall has been developed, leaving 570 feet unutilized. Nine new dams would be required in addition to the seven dams in existence.
Water Flow and Horse Power The term "horse power" means a power sufficient to lift a weight of 33,000 pounds at the rate of one foot a minute. In terms of water power it means the amount of power developed by 550 pounds of water falling one foot per second. "Net horse power" is a term usually applied to the output of the water wheels. This is usually assumed to be 80 per cent of the theoretical amount. The term "10-horse power" has become a common measure of commercial horse power, which means a specified amount of horse power for a period of 10 hours per day. Charges for power at a yearly rate of horse power are usually based on 10hour power. Sales of electric power are made by "kilowatt" equal to 1.34 horse power. The term "kilowatt hour" means one kilowatt for a period of one hour.
DIVISION OF GEOLOGY'S EXHIBIT AT CHICAGO
The Georgia Commission of Chicago Exposition sought an exhibit of mineral resources of Georgia displayed in the State Museum in the State Capitol.
State Geologist S. W. McCallie was authorized by the Commission of Forestry and Geological Development to use the exhibit material and plans were made with the exposition commission to use a portion of the Georgia space at the Chicago Fair for the display of some of the minerals of the greatest commercial importance.
Those who visit the Chicago World Exposition will find the Georgia mineral exhibit highly informative and interesting.

er; Burton 9,000 horse power; Nacoochee of which there are no records to show their 7,500 horse power; Terrora tunnel 20,000 total horse power.

N. L. WILLETT DEAD

horse power; Tugalo 88,000 horse power; Yonah 37,500 horse power.
Cha~tahoochee River Basin In the Chattahoochee river basin the following water power developments have been made: Dunlap, near Gainesville, 3,000 horse power; Bull Sluice, near Atlanta, 16,-

Future Developments
The actual development of water power compared to the possible development shows that Georgia has hardly started. Further progress awaits a demand. This demand will be created mainly by increased manufacturing, though as the pop-

N. L. Willett, Augusta, Ga., age 82, died at Warrenton, Va., on May 14. In his death the state of Georgia has lost a friend of the cause of forestry and one who, as a writer for the Augusta Chronicle, has done much to promote an appreciation of the state's forestry resouTces.