Forestry-geological review [Sept. 1932]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMEN

Vol. 2

ATLANTA, GA., SEPTEMBER, 1932

No. 10

Second

Vocational Forestry Camp Concluded Successful

Program

~f

Work

lory, members of the Commission of Forestry and Geological Development, made encomaging talks on forestry and told of the

interest the commission is taking in the

educational program of the state. Paul
Three Weeks' Work and Entertainment at Young Harris College Concluded Chapman, director of Vocational Education

With Brilliant Program of Speakers, Awarding Prizes and Certificates- of the state, gave an inspirational talk to

High Class of Boys Study Practical Forestry and Become Enthusiastic the camp.

Forestry Advocates-Entertainments, Athletics and Excursions Add to Representing the Vocational teachers

Enjoyment-Leaders Visit Camp and Are Pleased With Undertaking.

of the state, Prof. C. F. Richards of Camilla, spoke on teaching forestry in the

vocational schools. Rev. Nathan Thomp-

The second Vocational Forestry Camp held under the direction of the Department of Forestry and Geological Development and the State Department of Vocational Education at Young Harris in the mountains, came to a brilliant close after three weeks of intensive training given 100 vocational high school boys from rural high schools scattered over the state. The students were a select, high class, earnest lot of boys. The work they did was highly satisfactory. Members of the Commission of the Department of Forestry and Geological Development, Officers of the Georgia Forestry Association and other leaders who visited the camp and noted the work carried on, expressed themselves as delighted with the undertaking.
The entire forestry staff and the educational manager constituted the faculty. Class room work took comparatively little time, much of the work being carried on

tiona! manager of the Department of Forestry and Geological Development.
Camp Addreues The first night session of the camp was addressed by Bonnell Stone, Development Agent of the Department of Forestry and Geological Development and "Father of Forestry in Georgia." Prof. G. D. Marckworth, head of the Division of Forestry of the State College of Agriculture, spoke on forestry as a profession. C. H. Alden, of the state Bureau of Entomology, spoke on insects in relation to forests. Prof. Thos. Burleigh of the United States Biological Surv~y, gave an illustrated lecture on birds and their relation to forests. State forester B. M. Lufburrow spoke on the forestry program of the state. R. W. Smith, assistant state geologist of Georgia, told the audience of how hills, valleys and soils of the state were formed and their relation
to forests. C. B. Harman and J. M. Mal-

son of. Covington gave a brief inspirational talk and President T. J . Lance, of Young Harris, gave both welcome and farewell talks.
The closing program was featured by inspiring addresses by T. G. Woolford, President of the Georgia Forestry Association, and by Dr. Chas. H. Herty, research chemist working on paper manufacture from southern woods at Savannah, under the direction of the Department of Forestry and Geolo~:ical Development. Both of these speakers awarded prizes offered to schools, teachers and students.
Prizes Awarded
The Georgia Forestry Association prize of $100 offered the white teacher in the vocational agricultural schools, was presented by Mr. T. G. Woolford, Atlanta, president of the association. It was received by Felix B. White, vocational agricultural teacher of Georgia Industrial Col-

in the woods in teaching tree identifica-

tion, plane surveying, timber. crmsmg,

forest fire prevention, thinning, studying

forest types and tree growth.

Work was mixed with entertainment and

r,ecreation. The night programs of music,

speaking, moving pictures and stunts, and

athletic events kept interest and enthus-

iasm high, culminating in a final program

of speaking and awarding of prizes, certifi-

cates and honors. Camp students and agri-

cultural vocational teachers left the moun-

tains full of enthusiasm and determined to

be forestry missionaries in their respective

communities.

Certificates of Vocational Forester were

awarded to 40 boys who had successfully

completed 6 weeks of forestry training. This certificate recommends the holders to be competent to do a number of non-technical forestry jobs. It was signed by the governor, the state forester and the educa-

VOCATIONAL FORESTRY STUDENTS COMPLETING CAMP WORK F irst Row-Clarence Edmondson, Edmu nd DiJiard, Weldon Spearman, C. W. Grant, Jr ., MerriiJ Boyd,
Frank Hendrix, Howard Adams, Clarence Carson, Herman Gilder, Garnet Craig. Second R ow-Ansul Meador, Merlin Burt, Fulton Morey, Buren Claxton, Clayton Cordell, Sidney Jackson, E2ra Taylor, Wesley
Moore, Dorsey Morrison, Arthur Steedley, Glen _Rhodes, Jim L. GiJiis, Jr. Third Row-George Garrard, Ralph Watson , Marvin Lloyd, J. C. Ellington, Joe Johnston, William Johnson, Horace Ayers, Broadus Or.r,
William Seaman, Clark A. Rodgers, Harry Seymour, Herman Tyson, Howard Carlan. Fourth Row-H. J. McCurry, Jr., Julian Royal, WiJiiam Sanders, Henry Dean, Robert C. Radford, Robert C. Hall.

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review
Published Monthly by the

made by the second year boys with a hot finish of only 10 seconds difference between the two teams.

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta.

Contests were carried on in baseball, basket ball, tennis, swimming, horse shoe pitching and in track events. Efforts to

C. A. WHITTLE, Editor. Bonnell Stone, Oxford, Development Agent
Mrs. Nellie Nix Edwards, Treasurer, Atlanta

have a tug of war between the classes failed because a two inch rope was not strong enough and snapped in two under the

Forestry Division B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester......Atlanta E. B. Stone, Jr., District Forester,
................... .. ...... ... ............ .. Gainesville
H. M. Sebring, District Forester........Macon C. B. Beale, District Forester......Waycross W. D. Young, District Forester............Rome rack Thurmond, District Forester,
. .... ....... . ....... .. ....... .............. .... ... S a v a n n a h
C. N Elliott, District Forester........Augusta H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester....Albany W. G. Wallace, District Forester.. Columbus Mrs. R. S. Thompson, Stenographer, Atlanta

powerful tug. Excursions
Two official excursions wee conducted, one into the Great Smoky mountains along the Little Tennessee river through big mountains and past lakes, stopping at Calderwood where lunch was eaten and swimming contests were carried on. The second excursion was into the Great Smoky Mountain National Park by way of Bryson City, the Cherokee settlement,

Geological Division
S. W. McCallie, State Geologist.. ....Atlanta R. W. Smith, Asst. State Geologist,
.. ..... ..... . ..... . ... ....... .... ............... ..A t l a n t a G. W. Crickmay, Asst. State Geologist,
..................................................Atlanta
Miss Margaret Gann, Clerk............Atlanta
Research Division, Savannah

PROF. FELIX B. WHITE
Georgia Industrial College, Barnesville, who received the $100 prize from the Georgia Forestry Asso ciation for best work in teaching forestry.

New Found Gap, into Tennessee and to the picturesque "chimneys" of the Sugarland mountain. On this trip the party traveled the highest highway east of the Rocky mountains, reaching an elevation of 5,050 feet at New Found Gap on the great divide between North Carolina and Tennessee.

Charles H. Herty..............Research Chemist

About 20 of the party stayed over a day

George C. McNaughton..........Asst. Research Bruce Suttle..........................Plant Engineer W. F. Allen........................................ Chemist

D. Davis, vocational teacher at Pavo, who organized and carried out athletic events in

and hiked to the top of Clingman's dome in the Great Smoky Mountain National

J. B. Osborne........................Piant Assistant a very thorough and satisfactory manner. Park, a peak now claimed to be the high-

Perhaps the most spectacular event was est east of the Rocky mountains.

lege at Barnesville. The award was made the 34 mile relay race. The second year

Night Enter~ainments

on the recommendation of Bonnell Stone, boys ran 8 1h miles to Blairsville and back Camp attendants and people in the com-

B. M. Lufburrow and C. A. Whittle after to Young Harris while the first year boys munity greatly enjoyed the night programs.

a thorough investigation of work of the ran 8 1h miles to Hiawassee and back. Boys Singing led by District Forester C. N.

teachers of the state. The record of work were placed at quarter mile intervals with Elliott, Augusta, was a "howling" success

done by Mr. White appears in the July 17 in each team.

-really very good singing. Mrs. W. G.

issue of the "Review."

Messages were carried to the newspaper Wallace, wife of District Forester Wallace,

The Herty prize of $100 offered to the editors of both towns who were ready with Columbus, with her Hawaiian guitar ac-

school doing the best all-round work in messages for the return trip. The time companied by W. D. Young or C. N.

forestry was presented by the donor, Dr. over the course was 1 hour and 16 seconds Elliott with guitars, provided music that

Charles Herty, to the Soperton High

was enthusiastically received. W. D.

School, in which Prof. R. D. Pulliam is the

Young singing and accompanied with his

vocational agricultural teacher.

guitar was a favorite who was encored and

The Herty prizes offered students doing

encored. Bill Crosby, student of Sale

the best work in forestry were awarded to

City, with his fiddle and Robert C. Rad-

Arthur Steedley of Waycross, a student

ford with his harmonica delighted the audi-

of Georgia Industrial College at Barnes-

ence with their music. Bill Seaman, Way-

ville, who won the first prize of $5 0, and

cross, and 'Miss Mary Callahan, Wrens,

to Jim L. Gillis Jr., of Soperton High

rendered delightful music as pianists.

School who won the second prize of $25. The Chapman prize of $5 to the student
writing the best essay on what the vocational forestry camp means, was won by J ohn Noland, student of the Vocational and Trades School at Monroe.
The students making the highest average grades at the two sessions of the forestry camp were Harry Seymour, fir::;t, Bowman, a student of Georgia Indu:strial College; Bill Seaman, second, Waycross, student of Waresboro High School and Horace Ayres, third, Villa Rica, a student of the

Stunt night was a great occasion in which performers among students, teachers and their wives, had a part. The athletic stunts of H. M. Sebring, district forester, were the kind that one pays money to see in vaudevilles and circuses. Mrs. M. D. Mobley and her daughter Mary, recited admirably and were great favorites at various performances. A playette directed by Mrs. Waddell of Stockton was the attraction one evening. Skits and stunts of others proved entertaining.

A and M School at Carrollton.

Moving pictures comprised a part of

Athletic Honors

nearly every night program. These were

Athletic rivalry between first and second

obtained from the U. S. Department of

year students was keen and the contests

Agriculture, projected with a machine

were so close that in the final outcome

furnished by the State Bureau of Ento-

there were only seven points difference.

R. B. PULLIAM

mology and displayed by District Foresters

The

Athletic

Director

this

year

was

J.

Teacher of Soperton High School, which school won the Herty prize for best work in forestry.

Story, Young and Thurmond in turn.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

Camp Management

hearty welcome in behalf of the citizens Some of us will return some day, some

The management of the camp and ar- of Union county in your selection of the of us will not, but all of us from the other

rangement of programs of entertainment mountains of North Georgia as a place in northern sections of the state, from the

and athletics were in general charge of M. which to conduct your studies for a three- Piedmont and the Coastal Plain will have

D. Mobley, Tifton, Assistant State Super- weeks' period.

the most pleasant recollections of Towns

visor of Agricultural Education. Every- I am certain that the people of the moun- county and her people.

body agrees that he is ideally fitted for the tains will cooperate with you in your wor-
work he did. His assistants were agricul- thy undertaking, and I trust that your stay From the Editor of the H iawassee

tural vocational teachers who were as fol- here will be a pleasant one.

Paper

lows : J. D. Davis, Pavo, P. L. Elkins, Al- E specially do I thank the Messenger T o the Students and Members of the

pharetta, I. V. Chandler, P oplar Springs, boys in bring-ing a m essag e of good will Faculty at the Vocational Forestry Camp,

L. E . Cox, Ellijay, J. W. Bolton, Waynes- to our people. May the work of Forestry WELCOME!

boro, J. H. Buckman, Statham, Guy Wad- in Georgia have the same co-operat ion from In expressing our pleasure and enjoy-

dell, Stockton, C. F . Richards, Camilla, F. t he people of the state as did this fine ment in having you with us, we the people

B. White, Barnesville and Carl 0. Parker , band of boys co-operate in bringing t his of Hiawassee and Towns county wish to

Carnesville.

message to me.-J. P. Davenport, Editor, say that we do indeed feel honored that

The conduct of the students was excel- The North Georgia News.

you have made us this visit, and that you

lent. The comment of teachers and visitors

Message to Towns County

have chosen our lovely mountain section

was that they never saw a f iner bunch of The Forestry Camp for vocational stu- in which to spend your few weeks of study

boys.

dents extends greetings to Hiawassee!

and recreation.

Illness or illness in families took from Our appreciation of your county and its The summer months that bring you here

the camp three boys, Fred Harris of Rabun good people is deep.

are always the best months of the year to

Gap; Clayton Cordell, Hartwell and Truett We have thoroughly enjoyed our visit us, for we are always looking forward

Drake, Adrian. These, it is hoped, may be with you and our only regret is that we with thrilled expectancy to your visit.

able to complete their camp work next have only two more weeks of this delight- We would like to have you remain longer

year.

ful climate and inestimable hospitality. with us, but since you must leave in a very

Memories of this summer will long re- short time, we are hopeful that the spirit

GOOD WILL MESSAGES RE-

main with us. We shall not soon forget of The Legend of Hiawassee, and the gran-

LAYED AT FORESTRY CAMP

the majestic, looming hills under whose cool, quiet shadows we sleep at night and

deur of stately old Bald Mountain will remain forever in your hearts and through

in whose quiet coves we practice the prin- the coming years will keep calling you

Vocational Forestry Camp Students ciples of forestry during the day.

back to us.

Contest in Relay Race Carrying

Messages to Blairsville, and Hiwas-

see, Receiving Messages in Return.

In a 34-mile relay race in which fir st and second vocational forestry students competed, messages were carried to the editors of newspapers at Blairsville and Hiawassee, each 8 1h miles from Young Harris.
The messages carried to the editors and their replies are as follows:

Message to Union County

To the people of Blairsville and Union

County-GREETINGS! From Rabun Gap

to Tybee lights we have come represent-

ing the entire state of Georgia to hold a

camp in your mountains.

Your cooperation with us for a success-

ful camp has been splendid and we are

grateful. We cann ot ~oon forget the cordiality and hospitality with which we have been received . We shall not soon forget the beauty of the land in which you live.
We have been impressed by the moun-

FORESTRY STAFF, VOCATIONAL TEACHERS AND WIVES First R ow-P. L. Elkins 1 Mrs. M. D. Mobley, Mary Mobley, C. N. E lliott, Jr. , Mrs. W. G. Wallace, Mrs. Jack Thurmond, Mrs. W. D. Young, Mrs. H . D, Story, Jr., a nd daughtor, Mrs. C. N . Elliott, Mrs. Guy Waddell, and daughter. Second R ow-M. D. Mobley, W. D. Young, C. N. Elliott, I. V. Chandler, C. F.
Richards, L . E. Cox, Guy Waddell, C. A. Whittle. Third Row-J. H. Buckman, Jack Thurmond, B. M. Lufburrow, H . M. Sebring, C. Bernard Beale, Bonnell Stone, J . W. Bolto n, H . D. Story, Jr., W. G. Wallace.

tains and the quiet valleys and t he clear cold ~treams and in our contact with them and with you some of us have garnered what they represent-strength, clearness

DIVISION OF FORESTRY IN MARKET FOR TREE SEED

portunity for picking up some ready cash
this fall. A few schools made collections last fall and found the State Forest Service a satisfactory customer.

of vision, and aspiration. We regret that our camp will end in
only two more weeks but when we go away we shall caJ,TY in our hearts only t he kind-

Teachers of vocational agriculture throughout the state have been asked by State Forester B. M. Lufbur row to have t heir ~tudents gather tree seed for use in

Further communications from the state forester to teachers are being sent out to encourage this cooperation.

est of thoughts for Union county and her planting the tree nurseries next season. The

people.

teachers are to canvass their schools and Capt. I. F. Eldredge, New Orleans, in

From Editor of North Georgia News notify him early in September as to the charge of the timber survey in the South

To the Forestry Officials in Charge, quantity of seed to be expected from these was in the office of State Forester Luf-

And the Boys in Attendance:

sources.

burrow in August, conferring about plans

Allow me to express to each of you a Students will find this an excellent op- for making a timber survey of Georgia.

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

CORN-PINE PLANTING EXPERIMENT PROMISING

large number of states have been seen within the area.
The Vogel State Park on top of the

Blue Ridge at Nee! Gap has attracted its

Marion Renfroe, Quitman, Follows

share of visitors also. The park is now

Suggestion Received at Forestry Association Meeting, Reports First Year's Results-Slash Pine Makes Rapid Growth.

equipped with a complete water system and modern conveniences, and offers some of the finest scenery and choicest mountain country to be found anywhere in the state. The park has within its boundary the sum-

mit of Blood Mountain, an elevation of 4463

Marion Renfroe, Route 2, Quitman, at-

feet, one of the highest peaks within the

tended the annual meeting of the Georgia

state. It is easily accessible from the high-

Forestry Association at Albany and heard

way over a well graded trail, and a climb

Dr. Chas. H. Herty's proposition for some

toward the top is well worth the effort.

one to interplant young pines with corn to

The park also includes a beautiful water-

see what effect the cultivation would have

fall at the headwaters of the Natally river

on the pines. Renfroe took up the project

which drops off of the Blue Ridge just

and has written Dr. Herty the results.

north of its crest. Another waterfall .is

The slash pine made astonishing upward

situated on the national forest just outside

growth. The longleaf, as one would ex-

the boundary of the park. This fall has

pect, spent its energy in growing a tap

been made accessible by the construction

root the first year and did not make much

of trails over two different routes, and at-

upward growth. The failure of longleaf to make marked visible growth, Mr. Renfroe thinks, may have resulted from too

MARION RENFROE, Quitman In Corn-Pine P lanting Experimental Plots.

tracts many visitors. The trail system has been located so that both long and short hikes may be made, there being several

deep planting followed by sanding of the growth bud.
The letter reporting results was written June 21. The following is taken from the letter:
"I planted two acres of sandy loam in pines in eight foot rows, four feet in the row, on January 27, 1931. One acre was planted in Slash; one in Longstraw. The plants came from the State College nursery at Athens and all of them had frostbitten tops when I received them. The Slash seedlings averaged about five inches over all in length; the Longleaf, about four inches over a ll. I got a 95 per cent stand in Slash, and 85 per cent in Longstraw.
"On March 20, 1931, I planted a row of

healthy collards now, but have shown little growth other than spreading. This is due largely to my planting them too deep and their consequent sanding in the buds, I believe.
"The Slash, as of today, June 21, 1932, average 48 inches in height and one inch in diameter 10 inches up from the ground. (Some individual specimen are 60 inches in height and 1'-h inch in diameter). Some slash from the same seedlings set the same day, in uncultivated but protected land of the same sort, today average 24 inches in height and 3/8 inch in diameter. I am amazed and delighted. I am not ready, however, to make my conclusions yet, because the Longstraw were at a disadvantage through my error."

circular routes which enable the hiker to avoid retracing his steps and which keep him continually in new territory. The azalea and many fragr~nt flowers, some of which bloom continuously throughout the summer, have added much to the attractiveness of the area, and people are apparently beginning more and more to appreciate the beauty of the Georgia mountains. Excellent meals may be secured at reasonable prices at the tea room situated in Nee! Gap, and accommodations are also available for a limited number of over-night guests. The period of transition fr<~m summer to full which is now under way is a very interesting time to visit this area and as the fall progresses the foliage takes on more and more colorful appearance until it develops

corn between each row of pine's. I gave

a color scheme which can not be excelled

the usual cultivation of corn to the pines
and the corn four cultivations. Due STATE PARKS VISITED BY

anywhere. For those who like the great out-of-

to drouth and plowing my stand of LARGE NUMBERS OF PEOPLE doors, these two areas which are owned

Longstraw was badly sanded. . planted them too deeply in the

I had soil. I

The two state parks which at present comprise Georgia's system of state owned

by the state and administered by the partment of Forestry and Geological

DeDe-

have a poor stand of Longstraw as a result. When I 'laid by', I planted a hill of Tanloxi soy beans between each hill of pine. These were not to harvest, but to keep down coffee weeds. I 'laid by' the first w~ek in June. We had about three rains

recreational areas have been largely used this summer and have been visited by more people than ever before.
The Indian Springs Park in Butts county has been made accessible by improvement of the roads leading to it and has been

velopment are available for use and will be found to contain much of interest, and it is hoped that more and more people will avail themselves of what these two state parks have to offer.
E. B. STONE, Jr.

only from planting time to harvest.

made more attractive by the development

"On October 19, 1931, I pulled out the work which has been done. The spring

FROM CALIFORNIA

corn in the regular manner. I produced has been enclosed in a glass cover and Near Los Angeles a hawk seized a snake

29.3 bushels of yellow corn weighed in. I covered with a substantial stone structure which was consuming a gopher, carried it

charged all costs, from setting the pines which makes it absolutely sanitary and aloft, struck a high tension wire over a

to taxes on the land, to the corn. This greatly adds to its beauty. The ornamen- forest area and electrocuted all three. The

amounted to $7 .83 or 27 per cent per tal trees and shrubs which have been plant- wire broke, fell to the ground and started

bushel. I received 45 cents per bushel ed during the two years have thrived and a forest fire.-Service Letter (Pa.)

when I sold the corn this spring, or $11.25. have been found to add to the attractive-

(I to ok a weight loss on storage.) The prof- ness of the place. The one and one-half The many friends in Georgia of Bonnell

it was $3.42 in money net and my pines. miles of trails winding through the forest- Stone sympathize with him in the death

"I am following the same plan this year. ed portion have offered an inviting retreat of his father, Prof. H. H. Stone, who for

I had hoped to get fertilizer and put 200 during the hot weather and have been 50 years was a member of the faculty of

pounds per acre of a 11-11 potash acid largely used by all types of people. A great Emory University and its branch, Emory

phosphate home-mixed compound, but was many out of state tourists have stopped Academy, at Oxford, Ga. He died August

unable to do it. The Longstraw are like in passing through; and cars from a very 18 at the age of 71 years.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

5

FORESTRY

VOCATIONAL FORESTERS

SOME FACTS ABOUT

JOIN FORESTRY ASS'N

LUMBER PRODUCTION

QUESTION BOX

(Based on 1930 Report)

What is wood flour and how is it used?
Wood flour is finely ground wood selling at $25 to $50 a ton depending on the fineness of the flour. It is made from saw dust shavings, slabs, edgings, trimmings and 'round wood, principally from white pine. Grinding may be done by stone burrs or steel burr roller mills similar to that

Georgia Forestry Association Welcomes Young Foresters to Membership by President Woolford and C. B. Harman, Chairman of Executive Committee.
All who completed the Vocational Forestry Camp Course at Young Harris on August 12, were invited by President T. G.

Softwood production was 21,322,786,000 board feet in 1930. The Pacific Northwest produced over 9 billion and southern pine belt over 6 billion. Oregon and Alabama led in respective regions.
Hardwood production by rank of states was Louisiana, Wisconsin, Mississippi, Michigan, Tennessee, West Virginia, Arkansas and Virginia.
Michigan was first in consumption of

used in grain mills. About 30,000 tons
used annually in this

of wood country.

flour are The chief

Woolford of the Georgia Forestry Association to become members of the Association. C. B. Harman, chairman of the Executive

hardwoods. Other leading states were Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Tennessee and New York.

demand is from manufacturers of linoleum. Some is used in dynamite and in producing radio dials and knobs, telephone parts, ignition blocks, radiator caps, handles, doll

Committee, has sent each of these students a certificate of membership in the association.
This action authorizing the boys to be-

Tennessee led in per capita consumption of hardwoods with 106 feet; California used more softwood than any other state with New York second.

heads, picture frames, ten pins, bowling balls, phonograph records, brush backs, etc.

come members of the association was taken at Young Harris College on August 12.

For the per capita

United States as a whole the consumption of softwoods was

Composition flooring is made with wood flour, sawdust and caustic magnesia ce-

The camp graduates accepted the invitation enthusiastically. They were organized

158 feet, a decrease of 32 per cent compared to 1928, and the per capita of hard-

ment. Wood flour is also used in making "oatmeal" wall paper. Numerous other

into a Georgia Vocational Forestry Club and on the payment of a nominal fee the

woods was cent.

32

feet,

a

decrease

of

33

per

articles might be mentioned.

entire membership of the club became

members of the Georgia Forestry Associa-

What is the life of creosoted timber used tion ready to promote the Association for- Prof. W. B. Bates, winner of the Georgia

in bridge construction?

estry program and to have a part in its Forestry Association prize in 1931 for the

The Lake Pontchartrain trestle of the annual meeting. All members of the club best work done in forestry, has been transSouthern Railway in Louisiana was built in are entitled to receive the Forestry-Geolog- ferred from Nashville to Waresboro.

1883. Engineers of the Interstate Com- ical Review regularly.

merce Commission examined it after 35

years service and estimated a total life of

70 years. Tests of timber taken from it after 45 years service showed them to have strength equal to that of new timber-. To-

ltfnratinual J'nrr.atrr

day, after 49 years the trestle is in excellent condition.

a.trrtifirutr

How much rayon is made in this country

from wood?

The manufacture of artificial silk or rayon from cellulose began in this country about 20 years ago. In 1920 this country produced 9,000,000 pounds of rayon. By 1931 the output had reached 144,350,000 pounds, which is 30 per cent of the total production in the world. Practically all the cellulose used was obtained from wood, mainly red spruce.
Is there a difference between the Southern Red Oak and the Spanish Oak?
They are the same. Another red oak found in Georgia is the northern red oak but it is comparatively rare. The scarlet oak sometimes confused with the red oak is abundant in the mountains but rare in other parts of the state.
E. L. Demmon, director of the Southern Forestry Experiment Station with headquarters at New Orleans, spent two days of August in the office of the state forester, collecting forest data on Georgia. He is compiling information required by Congress about the status of forestry, the trend of land utilization and probable future timber production.

Awarded by

DIVISION OF FOREST SERVICE

Department of

FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOP~ENT

7:1'

of Georgia . (}

W ~t.s t.s tn rrrttfy, that 1/a..!VLf:l Q'ff1/!Jill..bU/l/

having made an acceptible re~ord in Fore~try in.a Vocational Agri~ultural School, has

now successfully completed s1x weeks of mtens1ve work under tramed foresters of the Department of Forestry and Geological Development of Georgia at the Vocational

Forestry Camp which certification affirms that the person here named has a knowledge of the fJndamentals of Forestry Practices and is recommended as qualified to

12 ~-:~.:~-~:-~t,,-ljS ~ . do non-technical forestry work.

In witness whereof, we affix hereto our signatures and official titles on this the

2

th

1...

. .........Chalnnan, Commlulon of FUreoU7

and Geoloeical Development

------!2.:.d2t...~~~r.\J

---------~ ..

------------------Educational Mimaaer

VOCATIONAL FORESTERS' CERTIFICATE
Miniature reproduction of certificate received by each student successfully completing six weeks' course in the Vocational Forestry Camp after.completing work in forestry in Vocational Agricultural Schools of the State. Thirty-nine students received certificates at the close of Camp August 12, 1932. Recommends
""rtificate winners as capable of doing a number 11f forestry jobs.

6

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

FOURTH DISTRICT W. G.Wallace, District Forester
Columbus

SEVENTH DISTRICT C. Bernard Beale, District Forester
Waycross

EIGHTH DISTRICT H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester
Albany

Fourth District Office Moved
Through the efforts of the Muscogee County Board of Commissioners and Mr. R. H. Barnes, the office of the 4th District, W. G. Wallace, District Forester, was moved into the Muscogee county court
house. This office had formerly occupied space
supplied by the Columbus Chamber of Commerce. It is felt that this change will enable the district forester to more efficiently conduct the work of the Department of Forestry and Geological Development in the Columbus district while still enjoying the cooperation always so graciously offered by the Columbus Chamber of Com-

Okefenokee T. P. 0. Gives Barbecue and Fish Fry
Over five hundred people from several counties attended the barbecue and fish fry given by the Okefenokee T. P. 0. at Hamp Mizelle's lake on the edge of the Okefenokee Swamp on Labor Day.
The principal talk was given by Dr. Herty, who .warned that before any pulp mills are located in Georgia, it would be necessary to have abundant suitable timber for pulpwood, and that fire must be controlled before timberlands can satisfactorily restock. Dr. Herty urged his hearers to give up the habit of burning the woods and join the T. P. O.'s in their efforts to

Sealys Join T. P. 0.
J. R. and C. S. Sealy listed 4,400 acres of land in Seminole county in the Flint River Timber Protective Organization. Mr. Sealy and son have been advocating fire protection and good forest management for some time. They are lumbermen and realize the need of protecting timber.
They have begun fire break construction. Mr. Sealy expects to list more land soon, believes his neighboring land owners are going to join the organization and he expects to see the day when all the southern part of Seminole county will present a solid front against wood fires.

merce.

keep fires out and grow crops of timber

Landowners in the Columbus district are for pulpwood and turpentine. He described

STATE TREE NURSERIES

invited to lay their forest problems before his work at the experimental plant at Sa- Both the state tree nurseries at Albany

the district forester who will give all as- vannah, and exhibited, much to the interest in South Georgia and Blairsville in Union

sistance possible in making the business of all, samples of pulp made from slash, county are progressing favorably. In view

of raising trees a more profitable one.

longleaf, and loblolly pines.

of the lateness of planting it is considered

State Development Agent Bonnell Stone, that the seedlings are doing remarkably

SIXTH DISTRICT Jack Thurmond, District Forester

State Forester B. M. Lufburrow and Alex well. The seedlings at Albany especially,

Sessoms, gram.

Cogdell,

participated

in

the

pro-

had

not

developed

very

much

of

root

sys-

Savannah

The meeting was thoroughly enjoyed, tems when the extremely hot weather of and much enthusiasm was afterwards midsummer struck them, but in spite of

Slash and Longleaf Seed Crop

voiced by those present in Dr. Herty's plan this adversity about three quarters of a of growing pulpwood timber crops. Many million seedlings are now thriving and have

Promising

made plans to try harder than ever to pro- gained about a foot in height.

Although there are no indications of a tect their lands this coming winter.

Improvements are being made on the

bumper crop of seed from either slash or

drives into and through the nursery and the

longleaf pines, indications point to a crop which should be above the average.
Anyone planning to gather seed from

Waycross Kiwanis Club Adopts Forestry Program

general appearance of the grounds is being gradually improved.
At the mountain nursery the black lo-

either d these trees should begin making A program of activities to promqte for- custs and black walnuts are doing especial-

preparations, for the slash cones will be estry work has been adopted by the Way- ly well, having attained from a foot to 18

turning brown and should be gathered be- cross Kiwanis club. This program will em- inches in height in August. The various

fore they release their seed. Slash pine brace the following activities: (1) Home pines are progressing fairly satisfactorily

cones should be bken from the tree in forestry project contest in the county although they have been hindered by over-

this area about September 15th and long- schools. (2) Establishment of roadside flows and excessive rain.

leaf cones in this section should be gathered demonstrations in planting and natural

about October 1st.

reforestation on principal highways. (3)

If anyone has planned to gather tree Essay contest in city schools. (4) Distribu- TALKING PICTURE

seej of any kind it would be well worth tion of pine seedlings to county schools

ON FOREST FIRES

while to get in touch with your nearest planting one-acre plots. ( 5) Fire protec-

district forester so that he can give infor- tion for land-owning members. (6) Work A short talking picture entitled, "Forest

mation about gathering, extracting, and toward getting county to employ coopera- Fires-or Conservation?" sponsored by the

storing the seed.

tively with the state a county fire patrol- Forest Service, and designed for use dur-

Fall Planting of Seed Beds

man.

ing the fire season in the Northwest, has

In District 6 planting of seed beds to

just been released by the U. S. Depart-

slash and longleaf pine in the Vocational Suwanee T. P. 0. Fire Crew Working ment of Agriculture. This film shows the

School Nurseries will be done in the fall of

on Primary Breaks

Secretary of Agriculture, Arthur- M.

the year this season instead of the spring Under general supervision of W. M. Hyde, presenting to Congressman Scott

so that data may be obtained as to the Oettmeier, forest manager, major fire Leavitt, of Montana, a commission as a

best time to plant in this particular section. breaks, 100 to 200 feet in width, are being Volunteer Fire Warden in his state and

For the past two or three sea~ms the constructed on Suwanee Forest in southern presents Mr. Leavitt in a short talk on

beds have been planted in the spring but Clinch county by the Suwanee fire crew. the importance of forest conservation, il-

due to excessive dry conditions the school Down logs and snags are being removed lustrated by various scenes exemplifying

seed beds have not given satisfactory re- from the break and on each edge a hun- forest resources and the destructiveness of

sults, so this season as soon as each school dred feet back. The undergrowth vegeta- their arch enemy, fire.

gathers sufficient tree seed the beds will tion on the strip is being burned out, con- This film, three-fourths reel in length,

be prepared and planted. In this manner trol furrows on each edge being plowed may be obtained from the Office of Motion

we hope to produce better stock and also with a Hester single-disc.

Pictures, U. S. Department of Agriculture,

have some useful information regarding An inspection of the work was recently Washington. No rental is charged, but the

the best time of the year to plant seed made with. J. M. Cameron, chief patrolman, borrower is required to pay transportation

becjs.

and a thorough job is reported.

charges.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

CAMP VALEDICTORIAN PRAISES FORESTRY WORK

both last year and this to the mountains, forests and wood working plants.
We all like athletic events and we are

protected areas also increased, with 14,488, against a five-year average of 9,408.

indebted to the Department of Vocational Set against these records of human care-

Jim L. Gillis, Jr., Soperton, Spoke
Appreciation of Class Completing Vocational Forestry Camp Course.

Education for the fine program of athletic events in which we have engaged.
Then, there are the night programs of spirited singing, instrumental music, lec-
tureo:, and moving pictures that have added

lessness and wrongdoing are decreases of one-fourth in railroad fires, one-third in lumbering fires, and more than one-tenth in lightning fires. Debris-burning fires

much to our enjoyment and instruction. and fires from miscellaneous and unkn'Own

At the

closing

exercises

of

the

Voca-

I am sure the boys here who have closed their six weeks' camp work will turn away

causes increased.

tional Forestry Camp, August 12, Jim L. from Young Harris College with a feeling The Forest Service summary shows that

Gillis, Jr., of Soperton, chosen by his class of sadness that it will be all over, but the forest fires damaged protected areas to the

to speak their appreciation of the camp,

six weeks of vocational forestry spent here will, I am sure, always be held in memory

extent

of

approximately

$17,018,100

in

made the following remarks:

as one of the most helpful, inspiring, and 1931. The damage to unprotected areas,

When Georgia introduced forestry into enjoyable of our lives.

according to incomplete estimates, was

her vocational agricultural schools, she was

placed at $50,069,060, making a total for-

the first State in the Union to undertake such a plan. Whatever doubt there may have been in the beginning as to its success was quickly developed, for we are glad to say it has been a success. So much so

FOREST FIRES SHOW DECREASE ON PROTECTED LANDS IN 1931

est-fire damage of more than $67,000,000 for the year, taking into account only tangible losses and not including such losses as scenic values, wild life, watershed

that other States have adopted the Georgia

values, etc.

plan. It was a little over three years ago that

More Than 87 Per Cent of Acreage

In addition to protecting the nationnl

the Forestry Department of the State ap- Burned Was in Unprotected Areas forests, the Federal Government is now

proached the Vocational Agriculture Department of Georgia with the plan that is

-Damage $67,000,000.

cooperating, under the Clarke-McNary law, in the protection of some 200,000,000

now in operation. It was realized that forestry and farming go together and that vocational agricultural schools should teach

acres of State and privately owned lands. Forest fires in the United States were The money used for cooperative protection

both. So it has come about that vocational slightly less prevalent in 1931 than in 1930, of State and privately owned lands in 1931

forestry became a part of vocational school accordin&' to the United States Forest amounted to $7,216,885. Of this amount,

work. The plan of the Department of Forestry and Geological Development of the State called for school forests on which

Service's annual summary of reports and estimates from the States cooperating with

the States furnished $3,839,305; private owners, $1,844,638; and the Federal Gov-

practical jobs in forestry could be carried the Federal Government in forest-fire con- ernment, $1,532,942.

on. All vocational schools of Georgia now trol. Fires last year numbered 186,894; Altogether, 617,290,490 acres in the

have school forests which have been surveyed, and for which management plans
have been made by the State Forest Serv-

in 1930, 190,980 were reported. Area burned over decreased by 688,150 acres-

United States need fire protection, the Forest Service estimates. About 35 per cent

ice. The plan also calls for District For- from 52,266,460 acres in 1930 to 51,578,- of this area is without any organized pro-

esters to visit the school two or three times a year and conduct demonstrations.
The Department of Vocational Education

310 in 1931. An important gain

of

the

year was in

tection.

of the State, through the vocational agricultural teachers, has taken up the forestry project enthusiastically and both the Forest Service and vocational department have cooperated very harmoniously.
We, the vocational students, certainly appreciate the opportunity which these agencies have provided for the study of forestry in our schools and for attending

holding forest fires to smaller average size in protected areas in the Northeastern, Middle Atlantic, Southeastern, and Gulf States. The average area per fire in all protected areas, however, was 103 acres, somewhat larger than usuaL
Areas in the United States under some

FOREST TAXATION
The Timber Conservation Board appointed by President Hoover stated in its report the following on forestry taxation:
"The present and prospective annual burden of taxation on mature standing timber is the most important single present

the forestry camp. We vocational students form of organized fire protection aggre- factor forcing the sale and cutting of tim-

greatly appreciate the training we have received in Tree Identification, Land Surveying, Forest Management, Timber Cruising, Wood Utilization, and other jobs. We

gated 400,749,510 acres last year, about two-thirds of the total acreage needing protection. On these areas, 61,854 fires

ber without due regard to the current market demand for forest products.
"The present and future security of pri-

have heaxd lectures in the class room and have then gone out ihto the forests to put into practice what we have been taught. We have not been taught technical but rather the practical side of forestry; I am

burned 6,378,340 acres in 1931. Of the total area of all classes burned over last year, 45,199,170 acres, or more than 87 per cent, was on unpr,otected land.

vate ownership of merchantable standing timber as well as the maintenance of reasonable current balance between production and consumption of forest products re-

sure I speak the sentiment of every boy in camp when I say our instruction has been very practical and helpful and we do not

Incendiarism was responsible for 24.9 per cent of the protected area burned last

quires the substitution, in the principal timber states, of an equitable system of in-

see how six weeks' training could have year, in contrast to an annual average of come or yield taxation for the present pre-

been better.

17.1 per cent for the 1926-30 period. In- vailing system of property taxation."

The training we have received we feel cendiary fires in 1931 numbered 15,427,

sure will result in better forestry practices on our farms and each of us should return

against an average

of

7,638 for

the five-

to our homes determined to set an example year period-an increase of 101 per cent.

TREE SPOUTS WATER

to our community in proper protection and Sharp increases in incendiarism were noted A spouting tree! Who ever heard of

management of the forests on our farms. in the Southeastern, Gulf, Central, and one? A large balm over 250 feet tall stand-

We cannot say too much in praise of the Vocational Forestry Camp. We are very
grateful to the Department of Forestry

Pacific States, although State, Federal, and community efforts controlled the sit-

ing in Beaver park, east of Oregon City, actually .spouts water. Just 11 feet from

and Geological Development for providing uation better in the latter part of the the ground, water continually gushes from

the funds that made it possible to attend season.

the apparently sound and healthy tree.

this camp, and the foresters who have done :~~h good work in teaching us practical
mgs about forestry. We are also grate-

Carelessness of took a heavy toll.

campers and smokers In the protected areas

There is not a entire tree.

dead limb

or twig on the

!ul to the Department of Vocational Teach- alone, the year shows a record of 5,236 On several different occasions water

fng for providing transportation to and ~om the camp, and for the splendid care given us while in camp. We will never for-
Jet the wonderful excursions conducted

campers' fires, against a five-year average of 3,525, or an increase of approximately 50 per cent. Forest fires from smokers in

has shot eight feet straight out from the balm and a very noticeable gushing noise is evident.-The Forest Lo.g (Oregon).

8

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

MINERALS OF GEORGIA
Brief Accounts of Occurrences and Developments of the State's Leading Minerals

proximately 170 square miles which is estimated to have originally contained 933,000,000 short tons of coal. About 12,600,000 tons of coal have been mined to date, leaving still in the ground a total of 921,000,000 tons.

Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

The first coal mines opened in Georgia were on Sand Mountain at Cole City, in

Dade county, more than 60 years ago.

COAL DEPOSITS OF GEORGIA workings, there has also been a limited Other mines were opened later at Round

The coal deposits of Georgia are con- amount of coal mined near Rising Fawn, Mountain in Walker county on Lookout

fined to Lookout, Sand and Pigeon moun- in the southwestern part of the county, Mountain. The only coal mines in operation

tains, which are located in the extreme only a short distance from the Georgia- in the last 15 or 20 years have been mainly

northwestern part of the state in Walker, Alabama line.

those of the Durham Coal and Iron Com-

Chattooga and Dade counties. The de- The<geology of the coal fields of Georgia pany, now the Durham Land Company,

posits in Walker county occur in Pigeon is quite simple. The ocean covered this at Round Mountain on Lookout Mountain,

Mountain and along the eastern side of part of Georgia throughout the long ages about 18 miles south of the Tennessee

Lookout Mountain. The most valuable known as Paleozoic time. Limestones and line. The coal from these mines is semi-

coal seams in this county appear to be on shales were deposited during the first part bituminous, has a high heating value, and

the property of the Durham mines. These of this era, but during the Carboniferous is largely used for steam and coking pur-

mines are located on what is known as era t he deposits were of sand stone and con- poses. Its character is shown by the fol-

Round Mountain, a small elevation located glomerates with occasional shale beds, and lowing analysis by the U. S. Bureau of

near the central axis of Lookout Mountain. at times enough land emerged for vegetable Mines on a sample of Durham coal deliver-

Round Mountain, as the name suggests, is matter to accumulate in low-lying swamps, ed to a government building at Rome,

a n early circular mountain having an area perhaps similar to our Okefenokee swamp. Georgia:

of several hundred acres and an elevation It is this vegetable matter that has formed Analysis of Coal from Durham, Georgia

of about 300 feet above the surface of Lookout Mountain.
The deposits of Chattooga county are limited to a small area in its extreme

our coal deposits. At t he end of the Paleozoic this part of the state emerged from the sea and in the eras that followed has never been again submerged. The forces

Moisture (as received) .............. Volatile matter (dry) ................ Fixed carbon................................ Ash ............................................

1.2 % 21:2 75.7
3.1

Sulphur ......................................

0.6

British thermal units (dry) ........15,220

Ash fusion point.......................... 2,650 F.

Specific gravity ........................

1.33

The production has come principally from two seams, each two feet or more in thickness, although small amounts have been mined from other seams. The outcrops of these seams are about 100 feet apart and are 1800 to 2000 feet above sea level. Most of the mining has been done by pick and shovel, with the aid of blasting and compressed air drilling. Some coal along the outcrops has been stripped and mined in recent years by steam shovel.
Detailed information on the coal deposits of Walker, Dade and Chattooga counties is given in Bulletin Number 12, issued by the State Geological,Survey. This publication can be obtained from the State Geologist upon payment of postage, ten cents.

Durham Land Company's Coal Mine in Northeast Georgia.

The Shenandoah National Forest in

Virginia has been renamed and is now the

I northwestern corner along the Georgia- that thrust up the .P.ppalachian mountains George Washington National Forest.
Alabama line. The exposures of coal here, out of the Piedmont Plateau exerted a

as in Walker county, are near or on the strong lateral pressure from the southeast An app~opriation of $500,000 is now eastern brow of Lookout Mountain at an that thrust these flat-lying beds into huge available for the construction of roads and elevation from 500 to 600 feet above the folds. Later ~rosion has worn through the trails in the Great Smoky Mountain Navalley. This county, so far, has produced sandston es at the crests of the folds, ex- tional Park. no coal, but nevertheless thera are a num- posing the more easily eroded limestones.

her of places where promising exposures The streams have since worn deep valleys

occur .

in these limestones in what were the crests

Twenty Houses to a Tree

The coal area of Dade county exceeds of the folds, while the sandstones with their The Governor Stoneman Sequoia tree in

that of any other county in the state. The thin beds of coal that were preserved in the the South Cavaleras grove in the Stanis-

deposits are confined to the western side troughs of the folds now form the flat- laus National Forest in California is so

of Lookout and the northern portion of topped Cumberland mountains, known in big that it could yield enough lumber to

Sand Mountain. The main coal mines of Georgia as Lookout, Pigeon and Sand build twenty 5-room bungalows-179,000

this county are on Sand Mountain in the mountains.

board feet, says the Forest Service. The

vicinity of Cole City. In addition to these The total coal area in the state is ap- larger limbs are six feet in diameter.