Forestry-geological review [June 1932]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND
GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMEN

Vol. 2

ATLANTA, GA., JUNE, 1932

No.6

Governor Roosevelt's Forestry Message to Georgians FOREST CAMP WINNERS

From Warm Springs

IN STUDENT CONTEST

"To the Forestry-Geological Review: ffFor many reasons the whole economic future of Georgia depends on
the proper use of land. That is why it i:S of the utmost importance to encourage a complete survey in order to determine what land is best suited for agriculture and what land should be devoted to the raising of tree crops. Outside of comparatively small recreational or scenic areas, forestry con-

Many Close Contests-Character of Papers Higher Than Last YearEach Contestant Had Home Project. Winners Last Year Enthusiastic and Keen to Return to Camp.

ducted on planned business lines is coming to be recognized as vital to The examination papers have been grad-

the future wealth of the country. Supervised reforestation is no longer a sentimental ideal but has become a practical necessity.
ffFRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT."

ed and the contest for camp scholarships is over. Those who have won the honor of attending the second Vocational Forestry Camp at Young Harris College July 25 to

Governor Franklin Roosevelt of New equipped and most efficient in the State. August 15 are named below, and also the

York is an enthusiastic friend of forestry, The 15,000 acres of timberland on Pine names of students who won scholarships

evidenced by his forestry program in New Mountain has a steel fire tower, fire fight- last year and are entitled to complete their

york and his membership in a Georgia ing truck, fire break system, one patrolman camp work this year are given.

Timber Protective Organization at Warm and organized crew -of willing fire fighters The number of students contesting this

Springs, Ga. He is cooperating whole- ready to respond day or night to a call for year was greater and the character of pa-

heartedly in carrying out the program of fire service.

pers was higher than last year, showing a

the State Division of Forest Service of

greater interest in forestry among the stu-

Georgia in forest fire protection. It is,

dents of the agricultural vocational schools

therefore, an honor and a privilege to carry

of the state.

the above message from his Excellency, a

Nearly one hundred schools were repre-

message sought and obtained by District

sented in the contest, each school sending

Forester W. G. Wallace of Columbus.

in three examination papers.

The Meriwether County Timber Protec-

Each contestant this year was required

tive Organization, with which Governor

to have a home forestry project, and one

Roosevelt is identified, is one of the best

of the examination questions called for a

description of the student's home project.

The teacher of each school was required to

grade the home project and also the gene-

ral scholarship, character and fitness of

each contestant.

Students who attended camp last year

and secured passing grades are permitted

to return to camp f or three more weeks

and complete the camp work, which, when

satisfactorily done, will entitle them to

certificate of "Vocational Forester".

Meriwether County T. P. 0 . Left, Fire Fighting Truck; center , Fire Tower on Indian Mountain ; right, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Member of Organization.

The winners of scholarships in the examinations this year and alternates who were

second in examination tests and are en-

GEORGIANS AT STATE PARKS SERIES FORESTRY ARTICLES titled to scholarships in case the winner

MEETING IN MAY

BY

DISTRICT

FORESTER

cannot go to camp are as f ollows : Banks county, J. C. Daniel, James

Hill,

C. Bernard Beale, District Forester at Banks county High School; Barrow county, Georgia was .represented at the 'National Waycross has been asked to contribute a Lamar Patrick, Champ Jackson, Winder Conference on State Parks held at Vir- series of articles on Forestry to the Way- High; Berrien county, William Scarbo-

ginia Beach in May, by Mrs. M. E . Judd, cross Journal-Herald. These articles are rough, Wilson Knight, Nashville High; Bibb

Dalton, Bonnell Stone, Oxford, Judge Og- now appearing and are doubtless read with county, Joe Adams, Homer L. Calhoun, Jr.,

den Persons, Forsyth, Miss Emily Wood- much interest in a region where forest Lanier High; Bleckley, Bill Warren, Clin-

ard, Vienna., and Miss Mary Persons, For- products are of fundamental commercial ton Hartley, Middle Georgia College; Bul-

syth.

importance.

loch, Frank Proctor, Brooklet High, J. W.

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review nier, James Conine, Lewis Snowden, Crisp len, Jim L. Gillis, Jr., Soperton High; WalConsolidated; Laurens, Parker Bedingfield, ton, Broadus Orr, Georgia Vocational and

Published Monthly by the

Bennett Colter, Cadwell High; Long, Ju- Trades College; Ware, Bill Seaman, Wares-

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta.

lian Smith, Walter Micham, Ludowici High; boro High; Wayne, Julian Royal, Screven Madison, J. D. Echols, John Quincy Jones, High; Webster, Edmund Dillard, Union Madison County High; Mitchell, Lee Roy Consolidated; Whitfield, Joe Hair, Dawn-

C. A. WHITTLE, Editor.

Thomas, Herbert Henson, Pelham High; ville High; Wilkes, George Garrard, Wash-

Bonnell Stone, Oxford, Development Agent Morgan, Benjamin Gay, Lamar Mowell, 8th ington High; Worth, Herman Tyson, Sum-

District A & M.

ner Consolidated; Gilmer, C. A. Rodgers,

Forestry Division B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester......Atlanta E. B. Stone, Jr., District Forester,

Rabun county, Gladstone McClain, Earl Keriner, Rabun Gap Institute; Stephens,

Gilmer County High.

--------------------------------------------Gainesville Edgar Kellar, Carl Rothell, Eastanollee COLORING WOOD OF TREES

H. M. Sebring, District Forester........Macon C. B. Beale, District Forester......Waycross W. D. Young, District Forester............Rome Jack Thurmond, District Forester,
--------------------------------------------------Savannah

High; Stewart, Chas. C. Mathis, A. C. Trotman, Richland High; Sumter, Elmer Larson, Elmer Goodrum, Union High; Taylor, Harley Gaultney, Cecil Parks, Butler High;

THROUGH SAP TREATMENT Mahogany, Rosewood, Ebony and

C. N Elliott, District Forester........Augusta Terrell, Earnest . Lee, Orville Johnson, Other Colors Can Be Given by In-

H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester....Albany W. G. Wallace, District Forester.. Columbus

Graves

High;

Tift,

J.

W.

Jones,

Emmett

jections-Leaves Also Colored.

Mrs. Nellie Nix Edwards, Clerk........Atlanta House, Omega High; Thomas, Herman

Mrs. R. S. Thompson, Stenographer, Atlanta Braddy, Tharran Connell, Pavo High.

Dyeing living trees to produce colored

Geological Division

Toombs, Delmas Galbreath, Wilbur wood, according to John James Meily, Amer-

S. W. McCallie, State Geologist......Atlanta Blount, Vidalia High; Treutlen, Hugh Gil- ican Consul at Hamburg, Germany, has

R. W. Smith, Asst. State Geologist,

lis, M. R. Thigpen, Soperton High; Troup, been achieved by a German concern which

--------------------------------------------------Atlanta Robert Johnson, Elmer Covin, Hogansville holds the process as a secret.

G. W. Crickmay, Asst. State Geologist, --------------------------------------------------Atlanta
Mrs. Blanche Ransom, Clerk............Atlanta

High; Ware, Jas. H. Underwood, Jr., Victor Callahan, Waresboro High; Wayne,

By this process it is claimed it is practical to dye or color both the wood and the

Floyd Morgan, J. B. Oliff, Screven High; leaves of living trees any predetermined

Research Division, Savannah

Webster, John Wesley Alston, Buddy Block, color and shade. This is accomplished by

Charles H. Herty..............Research Chemist George C. McNaughton..........Asst. Research Bruce Suttle..........................Plant Engineer
W. T. Allen........ --------------------------------Chemist

Union Consolidated; Wilkes, Sim Lynn, Charles Garrard, Washington High; Whitfield, John Bond, Mac Rollins, DawnvillQ

injecting coloring matter into the sap circulation. The entire cellular structure of the tree and limbs can thus be. given a uni-

J. B. Osborne........................Plant Assistant High; Worth, Jack Paul, Edmond Fletcher, form tint of mahogany, rosewood, ebony or

McPhaul Institute.

other desired color.

Donaldson, Register High; Burke, Tim OLD STUDENTS RETURNING TO CAMP It is also claimed that by introducing

Stafford, Girard High; Campbell, Marvin Berrien county, Lester Golden, Nashville various colors into a living tree in certain

Stephens, Malone Barge, Fairburn High; High; Bibb county, Joe Johnston, Lanier ways and at different periods, a mottled or

Carroll, Harold Morris, Bender Raine, 4th High; Ble:ckley, George Norris, Middle "marbled" effect can be obtained. Thus,

District A & M.

Georgia Junior College; Bulloch, Robert C. a unique wood for furniture may be made

Chattooga, Elmer Hendrix, Clarence Hall, Brooklet High; Burke, J. R. Stafford, available without painting.

Hawkins, Gore High; Cherokee, William Jr., Girard High; Carroll, Horace Ayers, The inoculation, it is reported, is made

Logan, Wilber Porter, Reinhardt College; 4th District A & M; Chattooga, Frank Hen- when the sap is rising in the spring and

Clarke, Grady Pittard, Roy Mills, Winter- drix, Gore High; Cherokee, Fred Harris, summer and the dyed trees are felled soon

ville High; Cobb, Lake Poteete, Leonard Reinhardt College; Colquitt, Ralph Watson, after. The advantage claimed is that the

Westmoreland, Blackwell's High; Colquitt, Moultrie High; DeKalb, Marvin Floyd, color can be given at low cost, that when

Eugene Adams, David Newton, Moultrie Chamblee; Emanuel, Robert C. Radford, given a coat of varnish, the wood grain is

High; Cook, Quinton Mathis, Jack Wise, Adrian High; Elbert, Harry Seymour, Bow- not dulled or obliterated when colored with

Sparks-Adel High; Dawson, Theo Hughes, man High; Fannin, Garnett Craig, Epworth paint on the surface, and that the cost of

Malcolm Roper, Dawsonville High; DeKalb, Seminary; Franklin, Bill Sanders, Franklin varnish is all that is required to revive the

Etheridge Keith, Raymond Lloyd, Chamblee County High; Gordon, Ansul Mealor, So- original beauty of the grain and color. It

High; Elbert, W. 0. Hudson, Jr., Nancy noraville High; Habersham, H. J. McCurry, is also claimed that the coloring process

Hart Memorial, Hugh Butler, Bowman Hollywood High; Hart, Clayton Cordell, renders the wood resistant to wood de-

High; Emanuel county, Truett Drake, Del- Nancy Hart Consolidated; Heard, Sidney stroying insects.

mas Pope, Adrian High; Fannin, J. D. Cow- Jackson, Centralhatchee High; Jackson

art, E. Howard Tatum, Epworth Seminary. Franklin, James Gillespie, Leon Crump,

county, Howard Jefferson, Glen

Carlan, Commerce Rhodes, Stapleton

High; High;

SWAMP BURNED THREE TIMES

Franklin High; Gilmer, Willard Fain, Johnson county, Buren Claxton, Kite High;

IN RECENT MONTHS

William Smith, Ellijay High; Gordon coun- Lamar, Arthur Steedly, Georgia Industrial

ty, J. W. Butler, J. J. Acree, Sonoraville College; Lanier county, Wesley Moore, During the prolonged drouth in South

High; Gwinnett, Carson Britt, Frank Moon, Crisp consolidated; Laurens, Herman Georgia, swamps have dried up and the

Snellville High; Habersham, Grady Lump- Gilder, Rentz High; Madison, Clarence organic matter that constitutes their soils

kin, J. L. Shirley, Hollywood High; Hart, Carson, Madison County High; Mitchell, is capable of burning. An instance where

James Cochran, Shoal Creek High, Jewell Fulton Morey, Sale City High; Morgan, a swamp had been burned over three times

Hembree, Sardis High; Heard county, Alvin DeLoach, 8th District A & M; New- in recent months was recently observed by

Lewis Weaver, Solon Owensby, Franklin ton, J. C. Ellington, Palmer-Stone High; Development Agent Stone and State Geo-

High; Jackson county, Ulysses Carlan, Eu- Stephens, Weldon Spearman, Eastanollee logist McCallie in South Georgia. Each

gene Ducks, Commerce High; Jefferson, High; Stewart, Ben Sherline, Lumpkin fire had burned a layer of soil. When

Clinton Wilburn, Harris Minus, Wrens High; Sumter, C. W. Grant, Union High; rain again is sufficient, the swamps will

High.

Terrell, Howard Adams, Graves High; fill up, and where the soil was burned

Johnson, Dupree Price, Sam Weeks, Kite Thomas, Clarence Edmondson, Pavo High; there will, of course, be water. This is

High; Lamar, Charles M. Smoak, Jr., J. B. Toombs, Ezra Taylor, Vidalia High; Troup, likely to bring about changes in the vege-

l!ickman, Georgia Industrial College; La- William Johnson, Hogansville High; Treut- tative life of the burned swamps.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

PAPER PLANT PftOGRESS

CHEMICAL MEDAL GIVEN

FORESTRY RALLY HELD

EQUIPMENT INSTALLED

DR. CHAS. H. HERTY

AT SOPERTON SCHOOL

Various Contributions of Supplies and

For Outstanding Contribution to Science of Chemistry of America-

School Forest Cabin Dedicated, Bar becue Held, Prominent Speakers

Equipment Made Evidencing Good Notable Honor for Georgian.

Heard, Motorcade to Fowler Plan-

Will for Research Plant.

tations and T. P. 0.
The formal awarding of a medal to Dr.

Steady progress has been made during the past month on the infinite details connected with the equipment of the laboratory at Savannah.
The delayed parts for the digester have been received, and all of the equipment has been installed.
The next two weeks will be devoted to "breaking in" the various parts of the machinery; making a few preliminary coo~s in the digester in order to gain the expenence necessary for handling materials systematically; experimenting with various types of surfaces on the grinding-stone; and to remedying leaks and correcting adjustments of a minor nature on all the ma-
chines. Thanks to the generosity of the lumber
men of Savannah and the generous assistance of the contractor, we have been furnished without cost with rooms serving as offices a pamphlet room, a storeroom for suppli:s, and a shower-bath and dressingroom for the staff.
The operating expenses have been considerably lessened by the generous contribution of all the lime required for the year by the Ladd .Lime and Stone Co., of Cartersville, Ga., and by the joint contribution of all the liquid sulphur dioxide necessary, the Texas Gulf Sulphur Company of New York furnishing the requisite sulphur to The Calco Chemical Company of Bound Brook, N. J. which in turn converts the same into liquid sulphur dioxide without charge. We a:re also indebted to duPont Company for a contribution of dyes of the type used with mechanical pulp.
The paper machine is now fully equipped with its clothing and is ready to fabricate the pulp into finished paper as soon as the pulp studies are thoroughly under way.

Charles H. Herty for "noteworthy and outstanding service to the science and profession of chemistry in America", by the American Institute of Chemists, in New York in May, was an occasion that attracted comment throughout the nation. The medal was presented by President Francis P. Garvan of the Chemical Foundation, Incorporated, of New York. The formal address was made by Dr. Frederick E. Breithut, President of the Chemical Institute. The following extract is taken from Dr. Breithut's address:
"We honor a man who has given his life equally to chemistry and to his fellowchemists. As an experimental scientist, Dr. Herty worked out improvements in the turpentine industry which have meant more than ten million dollars annually to the South.
"Recently Dr. Herty has returned to his laboratory and is at work on another problem of national importance. His process for making paper pulp from slash pine will build up a great new Southern industry and it may well restore the prosperity which has disappeared with the falling price of cotton.
"Most chemists learned to know Dr. Herty, however, while he was working in their behalf as president of the American Chemical Society and later as editor of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry. His fight for adequate legislation helped build up a real chemical industry in this country and he continued this splendid work as adviser to the Chemical Foundation.
"During all this time he had one guiding idea-that American chemists, if given the opportunity, could free the country from dependence on foreign chemicals. He insisted that this opportunity be provided and, fortunately, his efforts were success-

The dedication of a school forest cabin of the Soperton High School was made the occasion of a great forestry rally at Soperton on May 26. The rally was arranged by Professor R. D. Pulliam, vocational agricultural teacher, and Jack Thurmond, district forester. The program consisted of speaking, a barbecue and motorcade to Fowler and Gillis Plantations and to the Treutlen County Timber Protective Organization. The attendance was 275.
Exercises opened with a welcome address by Hon. Neill Gillis, mayor of Soperton. Colonel Stallings, chairman of the County Board of Education, spoke highly of the work in forestry conducted by Professor Pulliam and congratulated the school on its school cabin.
Bonnell Stone, development agent of the Division of Forestry and Geological Development, complimented the citizens of Soperton and Treutlen county for their encouragement of the forestry work of the Soperton High School and for the splendid work done. He pointed out promising new uses for Georgia pines, especially in the paper pulp industry and declared that Georgia's progress will depend largely on how well it develops its forestry resources.
Dr. A. V. Henry, Georgia School of Technology, spoke on the relation of the clays of Georgia to paper manufacturing.
Hon. Leonard Rountree, Summit, member of the Commission of Forestry and Geologica1 Development, made a stirring speech on the need of fire protection and said that the trees afforded the surest crop and the easiest money crop of the farm.
J. M. Mallory, Savannah, member of the Commission on Forestry and Geological Development, spoke of the service the Commission is rendering the timberland owners,

Chas. H. Herty,

ful.

of the free service th~ district foresters

Research Chemist

"In this work, as well as in that for the are tendering and asked property owners

May 17, 1932.

National Institute of Health, Dr. Herty's to get in touch with these foresters.

motives were unselfish. He has received

Claim T. P. 0. Record

STONE AND MALLORY

as an unsought reward the affection of his Jack Thurmond, Savannah, claimed that fellow-scientists and that is why it gives us the Treutlen County Timber Protective

ATTEND CLAY HEARING all such real pleasure to present him with Organization had the best record in the

this medal tonight."

state for 1932. Of the 29,000 acres in the

Development Agent Bonnell Stone and

organization, only 300 were burned in

Mr. J. M. Mallory, member of the Commis-

Millions Benefitted by Forests

1931. He invited any property owners

sion of Forestry and Geological Develop- "The harvesting of timber, the manufac- present who did not belong, to join and

ment, visited Washington in the interest ture, transportation, distribution and re- succeeded in signing up 4,000 additional

of clays of Georgia. They attended the manufacture of forest products, and all the acres to the existing organization.

hearing before the Ways and Means Com- supplies and services that are wholly or Professor Pulliam explained the work

mittee on May 12, before whom Dr. Chas. partly dependent on the timber industries, done in the school forestry project, reH. Herty appeared as the principal speaker vitally affect the livelihood of at least ported great interest among the students

favoring tariff adjustment on clays to 10,000,000 people, counting the families of and thanked District Forester Thurmond

equalize the depreciated currency of Eng- those directly employed."-U. S. Forest for his valuable assistance.

land.

Survey.

(Continued on Page 8, Column 3)

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

FORESTRY
QUESTION BOX

FOREST PLANTING COSTS ON NEWNAN FOREST

FIRE AND LONGLEAF SEEDLINGS

According to figures obtained by District Paul V. Siggers of the Bureau of Plant

Forester W. G. Wallace the number of trees Industry of the United States Department

What is the annual growth per acre on planted and cost of planting on the Newnan of Agriculture, gives the results of forest

average sites of loblolly, longleaf, shortleaf town forest are as follows: 23,000 pine fires on longleaf pine seedlings in Louisi

and slash pines?

seedlings at $2.50 per thousand; 2,200 ana, in the May issue of the Journal of

United States Miscellaneous Circular 50 black locusts at $2.50 per thousand; 2,000 Forestry.

gives the following acre yields for average black walnuts at $15. per thousand, made It was found that fire burning annually

sites:
Species
Loblolly Longleaf Shortleaf Slash

Maximum average annual growth per acre
750 bd.ft. 573 bd. ft. 558 bd. ft. 567 bd. ft.

a total cost of planting stock $93.50. Labor for six years caused a mortality of 8 per

40 years

cost of planting was $84.88; express $20.15. cent of young longleaf pines and delayed

total volume per acre
2.8,500 bd. ft.

Total planting cost for 1932 was $198.13. Average cost per acre $4.13.
Loblolly and longleaf pines were spaced

the growth of the survivors by destroying the terminal buds. On an adjacent un burned tract the mortality of seedlings for

17,000 bd. ft. 17,800 bd. ft.

7 by 8 feet, but every fifth longleaf pine was supplanted by a black locust. Walnuts

the same period was only 4 tenths of one percent.

22,000 bd. ft. were planted 20 by 20 feet.

One of the diseases of pines in some

What conifers in the United States grow
the fastest?
If one were to take the number of years required to grow a tree, 8 inches in diameter, the following is the order in which trees are listed: Redwood, loblolly pine, Douglas fir, slash pine, longleaf pine,

Twelve acres were planted to loblolly; 17 acres to longleaf pine and black locust, one acre to slash pine and 18 acres to black walnut. The pines were planted February 4-10; walnuts February 26-27. Conditions were favorable for planting and the survival is good.

parts of the southern pine belt is the "brown spot", a needle disease. It has been claimed that fires tend to reduce damage from this cause. Observations were made by Mr. Siggers on this point, who reports that a single fire reduces brown spot needle disease for the following

white pine, shortleaf pine, white fir, pon-

season, but by the end of the second season

d~rosa pine, jack pine, red spruce.

FORESTRY ASSOCIATION

the influence of fire on this disease was

COMMITTEE ENTERTAINED negligible on two of the plots, and on the

What do light and dark bands in an annu-

third, the amount of the disease was one

al ring growth of a tree represent?

Judge Ogden Persons, Forsyth, member half of the unburned area.

In the recent forestry examination held of the Executive Committee of the Georgia

for vocational pupils of the state, no question was more generally missed than this. The light part of the ring represents spring growth and the darker part, summer

Forestry Association, entertained the committee and other invited guests at Indian Springs on April 29. This is the second year that Judge Persons has entertained

SALVAGING FIRE WASTE IN JESUP REGION

growth.

the committee at Indian Springs, and both Fifty Men Find Jobs Cutting Timber

How much more water does a forest soil have been very enjoyable occasions.

absorb than the soil of a field?

The chairman of the executive commit-

of Burnt Over Land-A Worthy

Dr. J. T. Auten of the Central States tee, C. B. Harman, presided. The business Forest Experiment Station found that the consisted of perfecting the program for the

Example.

top inch of forest soil in a normal, protect- annual meeting of the association at Rome. ed woods absorbs 47 times as much moist- Inspiring talks were made by President T. The following taken from the Jesup Senure as the top inch in an abandoned field; G. Woolford, Atlanta, Jack Williams, Way- tinel is self explanatory:
that the third inch in depth in the woods cross, Joseph A. McCord, Atlanta, Judge "Fifty men are at work this week salvagabsorbs 15 times as much, and the eighth Ogden Persons, Forsyth, Prof. Jack Demp- ing burned over timber on lands of A. E.

inch 2% times as much as the same depths sey of Jackson, Miss Emily Woodard of Knight, local naval stores operator and

absorb in an old field. Pasture lands ab- Vienna, J. M. Mallory, Savannah, Bonnell pharmacist. These lands lie east and south

sorb more than bare lands, but not as much Stone, Oxford, and others.

of Jesup, nearby, and the fire practically

as wooded lands.

Luncheon was served at the Elder House, destroyed all growth on 2,000 acres or

Do forests increase rainfall?

with Judge Persons as host, following which more.

Forests increase the moisture content of the executive committee concluded its busi- "Men, mules, oxen and a skidder are al-

the air, but do not materially influence the ness.

ready at work getting out this timber which

air very far above the forest. It is doubt-

is cut into lengths suitable for market. A

ful that forests have more than a local in- SENATOR GEORGE ON

saw mill will be installed immediately for

fluence, and to no great extent even locally. Rains in the south are mainly created

NATIONAL FOREST RES-

transforming the logs into merchantable stocks for the market. Several large or-

by moisture carried up from the Gulf or

ERVATION COMMISSION ders for lumber of different dimensions and

Atlantic ocean.

Senator Walter F. George has been ap- to suit local timber products have been re-

pointed to the vacancy on the National ceived. Others are expected to come in

"The experience of years has shown that Forest Reservation Commission on the as fast as needed to use up the output.

cutting prices will not have the effect of acquisition of national forest lands former- "Salvaging timber from these quarters

selling any more lumber than would be sold ly occupied by the late Senator William J. entails overcoming considerable difficulties.

if the prices were not cut. Worse than that, Harris of Georgia. The appointment of Most of the timber lies in a burned out bay

cutting prices actually deters buying; buy- Senator George is highly gratifying to covering a mile each way in area. The

ers _are traditionally reluctant to buy on a oeople of Georgia who are interested in problem is to salvage the timber while the

de,clining market. Writing whining, crepe- forestry. The Commission is made up of weather is dry and from the interior of a

hanging letters and issuing cut-price lists two United States senators, two congress- rough country where trees have fallen cris-

,can have only one effect, and that effect is men, the Secretary of War, the Secretary cross for miles. But the forces have gone

im:i of depression."- Southern Lumber- of the Interior and the Secretary of Agri- at it with vigor and as much as 50,000

man.

culture.

board feet of timber a day are being cut."

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

5

ing single seeds in the ground and spaced keep down the fires and make the trees

FOURTH DISTRICT W. G. Wallace,-District Forester
Columbus

about four feet apart.

grow fast." He figures the plowing didn't

Of the conclusions drawn from this ex- cost him much because his labor and teams

periment that of planting the seed early, were not needed for other work at the

preferably in December or early January, time. Breaking woods land this way is an

seems paramount. This seems to be in ac- economic saving thru increased growth and

Taylor-Talbot

T.

P.

0.

Lists

Addi-

cordance with natural conditions as longleaf pine generally sprouts in the fall of

reduced cost of fire protection.

tional Acreage

the year.

It would be advisable to consult your An additional 6,400 acres has been listed district forester .before undertaking this in the Taylor-Talbot Timber Protective Or- method of reforestation. ganization which brings the total area pro-

SIXTH DISTRICT Jack Thurmond, District Forester
Savannah

tected to 21,400 acres.

Mr. W. A. Payne, President of the Taylor-Talbot T. P. 0., constructed a firebreak

FIFTH DISTRICT

Growing Pulp Wood in Liberty

around his entire timbered area recently by H. M. Sebring, District Forester

Mr. W. I. Stafford, Patrolman of the Lib-

plowing out a strip about ten feet wide. The cost of constructing this firebreak

Macon

erty county T. P. 0. and fire fighter par excellence, sees a bright future for timber

averaged approximately five dollars per mile. However, this initial high cost was due to the necessity of grubbing and clearing the strip before plowing. Mr. Payne is a great believer in protecting the forests from fires, and has already materially benefited from his firebreak which was of assistance in stopping a recent fire.

The consideration of cropping land for forest trees, similar to raising ag.ricultural and orchard crops, seems to be gaining more converts every year. In addition to fire protection, planting, and thinning, a number of land owners are plowing cutover _land to prepare the soil for the next crop of trees. Where seed trees are pres-

growers in this section, and the whole secret lies in fire protection. Mr. Stafford says:
"Since Savannah, Georgia, has been successful in locating an experimental mill where experiments will be conducted on all woods suitable for paper pulp and accurate records of their results kept, it behooves us, the timber growers and citizens of Liberty

ent the solid plowing of the land will serve county to grow a supply of raw material so
Partial Success Attained in Direct three functions: first, it, will prepare the that we may induce large commercial mills

.

Seeding

soil or better reception and establishment to come" to this section and locate, as for-

Mr. T. J. Fountain and his son, A. J. of the seedlings; second, it will reduce com- mer experiments show that a splendid grade

Fountain, have succeeded in securing a petition from weeds and grass; third, it of paper can be made from young sl-ash

good stand of longleaf pine by the direct will reduce the fire hazard by eliminating a pine and we all know that there is no better

planting of the seed in the field. Under large percentage of the wire grass sod.

section in Georgia for growing slash pine

certain conditions direct seeding for long- T. H. Jackson, patrolman and manager than Liberty county.

leaf pine might be recommended, but as a general rule the planting of one-year old nursery grown pine .seedlings is the most generally successful and cheapest in the long-run.
Having collected his own seed and planted them in an open field of soil favorable to the longleaf pine, and with an abund!lnce of idle farm labor, Mr. Fountain can now be said to have attained success as the

for Bray-Giddens Company on their tract of cut-over land in Telfair county, plowed some land last fall to experiment with the idea of preparing land for seed reception. He plowed before the seed fell and finds a much greater percentage of longleaf seedlings were established on the soil he prepared than on the part given no preparation. In his section of Telfair county, it looks like there will be a good crop of long-

"How long could this section of Georgia supply a large mill using as an average 700 cords of wood per day? If we were guaranteed at least $6.00 per cord for young unburned slash pine which we would naturally have to remove as thinnings if we never burned our woods, would any of us be interested? And would we be benefitted any?
"Picture if you can the wonderful stand

seed was not eaten by birds or rodents and has sprouted well. However, on certain areas a very unsatisfactory stand was ob-

leaf seed this year, so he contemplates doing more plowing on a larger scale. The cost will not be excessive as he can use la-

of young slash pine we had all over this section in the fall of 1931. Also the heavy

tained, due to two causes. It is fairly evi- bor and teams that are not doing any work

dent that rodents destroyed the seed on a at the time and would never-the-less hav~

low area near woods which harboured the to be fed.

rodents. Lack of success on other areas

was due to planting too late, which was in Landowner Raises His Own Seedlings

February.

A. L. Jones, a turpentine operator and

It can readily be seen that there are -a farmer of Lumber City, is very enthusiastic

farge number of factors which enter into over the possibilities of raising pine trees.

the success or failure, both financially and He has been protecting his land from fires

as . to stand, of using the direct seeding for a number of years, and has done some

method.

planting this past winter. He decided to

Mr. Fountain experimented ~xtensively, raise some seedlings of his own so made a

even broadcasting the seed on a certain small nursery of 6 beds each 125 feet long,

area. The broadcasting method proved a and planted 25 pounds of slash pine seed.

complete failure. The most consistent Mr. Jones contemplates raising 150,000

good results were obtained by planting slash seedlings for fall planting, or enough

about six seeds (pine mast) in shallow drills to plant approximately 300 acres of land.

six feet apart each way, and barely cover- He is giving his seedlings close attention

ing them with soil. A layer of pine straw by watering them every day it doesn't rain was then placed over some of the drills but and weeding them whenever necessary. seemed to add nothing to the success of the Last fall he also plowed solid thru parts sprouting of the seed. Good sprouting of of his woods, and grubbed out a lot of gallthe seed was secured in one field by stick- berry. He says, "That's the only way to

Promising Young South Georgia Forest inned by Fire

6

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

seed crop the mother trees and nature MOUNTAIN NURSERY

smaller flowers are to be found, the num-

scattered.

HAS BEEN ESTABLISHED ber and varieties increasing with the com-

"Now take another ride over the same

ing of the summer months.

section and see for yourself just what de-

This region with its high peaks, water

struction we have caused by setting out New Undertaking Makes Favorable falls, and great variety of plant life is a

fires and letting them get on to our neigh- Start - Pump and Water System very inviting one at this season of the

bors' land. There is nothing now for a Installed.

year, and the motorist will find all of these

paper mill to come here for, and certainly

attractions at their best in the Vogel State

no turpentine timber and fire wood are The North Georgia Forest Nursery for Park at Neel Gap in Union county.

left.

the production of trees for reforestation

E. B. Stone, District Forester.

"Forest growth quickly.' It takes a good character.

is slow, 'Fire destroys a life time to establish It can be destroyed in

by private land owners has been established on a site in Union county on the Appalachian Scenic Highway about ten miles from

LONGLEAF AND LIGHT ANNUAL BURNING

one minute by taking the wrong step.

Neel Gap. This site is on land leased from Light annual burning is a temptation to

"Other counties are planting slash pine the Georgia Mountain Agricultural Experi- some timber owners, especially to those

by the thousands. We folks living in Lib- ment Station.

who have longleaf pine forests. What ef-

erty county don't have to plant them, but A detailed survey including a topogra- fect light burning. has on the rate of

the other fellow may beat us growing them, phic map has been made of the area. The growth is probably' not taken into consid-

for they do not burn the woods. A good seed beds have been constructed and seed eration by those who desire to do annual

growth of young slash timber will bring planted. A pump and complete water sys- burning.

more money into Liberty county than any- tem has been installed in order to supply a Dr. Austin Cary of the United States

thing else we can do and if every one will sprinkler system for the seed beds.

Forest Service, who has worked in the

remember that 100 years of Nature's work The following species of trees will be south for many years, has made studies

can be destroyed in 10 minutes by fire we grown this year: Loblolly pine, white pine, along this line and gives the results in the

will do lots toward getting this county fully
timbered.''

shortleaf pine, tulip poplar, black locust, and black walnut. All of these species are

Journal of Forestry of May 1932 under the title, "Some Relations of Fire to Long-

.suitable for planting in the mountain and leaf Pine."

Treutlen T. P. 0. Has Good Fire Record
Treutlen T. P. 0. probably has "the best fire record of any T. P. 0. its size in the turpentine belt. The organization contains 26,000 acres and the membership in-

Piedmont plateau regions of the state. The seedlings may be secured by land
owners at the approximate cost of production, and will be available fer planting this fall and winter.
E. B. Stone, District Forester.

Dr. Cary found that with the most careful protective burning, fires checked height growth between 20 and 25 percent. He found summer fires much more damaging than fires in the dormant season, summer fires killing sizable trees and growth rate of survivors being heavily reduced, with

cludes five men, all every inch a fire fight-

the effect long persisting.

er. They had plenty of fires to start, in MOUNTAINS' WILD FLOWERS

The effect of winter fires on longleaf

fact 19 fires were fought which burned 850

ATTRACT MANY VISITORS pine he found varied widely with weather

acres as a total. These men in the organi-

conditions and the amount of fuel on the

zation are talking fire protection and practicing it 12 months during the year. They are also firm when a woods burner is caught as they convicted two there this past year for burning woods.

May for Dogwood and Azalea-June for Kalmia and Rhododendron.
With the coming of spring in the mountains the dogwood and azalea are among the first shrubs to bloom. The dogwood

forest floor. In some cases the growth rate does not seem to be checked at all.
He states that young longleaf trees up to the time they are at least 15 feet high may be burned hard enough in winter to

Temporary Patrolman Re-employed in Liberty
The fire situation became so acute in

was in full bloom, and the azalea attained full bloom shortly after the middle of May.
With the large number of varieties of azalea, ranging from the pure white to

check height growth for the following year to a half or third of the normal amount, and that more than once in all probability, and yet resume the normal rate of growth

District Six during the middle of April that numerous flhades of the flame, the woods the second or third year.

it was deemed advisable to put H. B. Stafford, one of our former temporary patrolmen, back on for a short period. He started back on April 20th and worked until May lOth and during that time worked on some of the worst fires that have occurred in the district during the past fire season. Many times he has had to fight it out right on the fire break with these fires as the winds have continued to aggravate the situation here all season and fires coming off of unprotected tracts onto T. P. 0. lands ha.ve given most trouble as . they always have good headway burning with high winds and are very hard to put out.

took on a highly colorful appearance anc.\ offered an attraction well worth the attention of the motorist who plans to spend the day in the open.
During May many were attracted to the mountain region, and the Vogel State Park at Neel Gap was a center of interest. Within this area large masses of azalea were to be found; and the six miles of trails maintained by the Department of Forestry and Geological Development make the area easily accessible to those who wish to get off the main highway. The trail system, including the trail to the top of Blood Mountain, has recently been improved and is now in

Georgia Has No Public Domain
Among inquiries coming to the Department of Forestry and Geological Development are some seeking sites for homesteading. Georgia is among those states having no public domain for homesteading. For this reason, Georgia has no state interest in the proposal of President Hoover that public lands be turned over to the states. Evidently not much desirable land for homesteading remains in any of the states, judged by opposition the states are offering to the proposed "gifts" of the nation to the states.

splendid condition, and the hiker will find

Forester Buys Protected Land

Though wood exposed to the weather will it easy to travel back into the various points As an evidence of foresters' practising

last longer if painted, some woods with- of interest.

what they preach, W. G. Wallace, District

stand weather damage very well and will The rhododendron and kalmia will not Forester at Cofumbus, recently bought 100

last a long time without paint. Among begin to bloom until about the time the acres of land on Pine Mountain in a Tim-

these, says the United States Forest Serv- azalea drops its blooms, so the mountains ber Protective Organization area. Mr. Wal-

ice, are white pine, yellow poplar, cypress, will be a mass of color for some time. In lace considers protected land worth more

and cedar.

addition to the shrubs, a great variety of than unprotected land.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

ANNUAL MEETING FORESTRY ASSOCIATION

SECOND DAY Morning Session
10:00 o'clock

FOREST SERVICE SELECTS FIFTY PRIMITIVE AREAS

Presiding-Mr. John A. Davis, Albany.

Prominent Array of Speakers For 8. "Rosin and Turpentine and Their Fifty "primitive areas" already have

Meeting at Rome, June 22-23- Products"-H. L. Kayton, Savannah.

been set aside in the national forests by the

Exhibits, Forestry Demonstration 9. "Vocational Forestry"- Mr. L. M. Forest Service, United States Department

and School Children Program Aside From General Program.

Sheffer, Athens. 10. "The Southern Forestry Congress"
-Mr. J. S. Holmes, Raleigh, N. C.

of Agriculture, to be preserved for their educational and recreational values. Most of these have been designated in the last

1:15 P.M.-Business Luncheon

twelve months.

Rome, the place, June 22 and 23 the Presiding-Mr. T. G. Woolford.

California leads the list with eighteen of

dates, for the eleventh annual session of Reports.

these areas. Colorado has nine, Montana,

the Georgia Forestry Association.

Election of Officers.

Oregon and Wyoming have four each,

An array of speakers unsurpassed for the Adjournment.

Washington has three, Utah and New Mex-

association program has been arranged. A

ico -have two each, and Idaho and Minne-

treat is in store for the friends of forestry. Forestry meetings of Public Schools in sota have one each.

'

The Rome Chamber of Commerce is act- charge of Mr. C. A. Whittle, Atlanta, and The primitive areas are outstanding re-

ing host for the city of Rome and a most Mr. W. H. Foster, Rome.

gions of wilderness type where through

cordial welcome and hospitality may be ex- Demonstration'! in charge of Mr. B. M. absence of improvements, only primitive

pected from this city of seven or more Lufburrow, State Forester, Atlanta.

living conditions are available.

hills famed for hospitality.

Exhibits in charge of Mr. J. M. Mallory, In addition to the primitive areas, six

Aside from the program given below, the Chairman, Savannah. association has arranged for an interesting

experimental forests and eleven "natural areas'" have been set aside within National

and instructive exhibit showing how Geor-

Officers of the Association

forests. The natural areas are to be kept

.gia is going about the development of its greatest natural resources. A program of moving pictures and short, interesting talks is provided for children of school age. A

T. G. Woolford, President, Atlanta; Mrs. M. E. Judd, 1st Vice-President, Dalton; Dr. W. M. Folks, 2nd Vice-President, Waycross; G. E. Reynolds, 3rd Vice-President,

in virgin condition, representative, so far as possible, of the original primeval forests. Their use will be exclusively educational and scientific.

demonstration in good forestry practice Albany; Jos. A. McCord, Sr., Treasurer,

will be given by the Division of Forestry Atlanta; Bonnell Stone, Secretary, Oxford.

on the Berry Schools forest.

Executive Committee- C. B. Harman, DEVICE HELPS FORECAST

The regular program of the association Chairman, Atlanta; H. L. Kayton, Savanwill be held in the Forrest Hotel. The nah; A. K. Sessons, Cogdell; John M. Gra-

DANGER FROM FOREST FIRE

public is cordially invited to attend.

ham, Rome; Col. R. E. Benedict, Bruns-

The program arranged by the associa- wick; E. A. McCormick, Gainesville; Miss A simple hygrometer for showing the

tion is as follows:

Emily Woodward, Vienna; J. A. Davis, Al- moisture content of the ground litter in

PROGRAM

bany; B. C. Milner, East Point; Judge the forest has been designed by the Forest

Morning Session

Ogden Persons, Forsyth; W. T. Anderson, Service, United States Department of Agri-

June 22, 10:00 o'clock (Central Time) Macon; W. H. Key, Monticello.

culture, to aid those guarding the forests

Presiding-T. G. Woolford, President, General Committee Chairmen - Farm from fire.

Georgia Forestry Association.

Forestry, E. S. Center, Atlanta; Town For- Thrust into the litter, or duff, on the

Invocation-Rev. W. L. Collins.

ests, Mrs. M. E. Judd, Dalton; Member- ground under trees, this instrument gives

Welcome-Wilson M. Hardy.

ship, Gordon E. Reynolds, Albany; Statis- accurate readings of the percentage of

Response-T. G. Woolford.

tics, Clark Howell, Jr., Atlanta; Legisla- moisture in much less time than the old

1. "Forestry Is Paying Its Way"-Mr. tion, W. H. Key, Monticello; Cooperation, method of drying and weighing samples of

Bonnell Stone, Oxford.

Jack Williams, Waycross; Publicity, John duff. As the probability of fires starting

2. "Paper Research in Georgia"-Dr. S. Cohen, Atlanta; Industrial, Alex K. Ses- and spreading rapidly is related directly to

Chas. H. Herty, New York City.

sons, Cogdell; Markets, I. F. Eldredge, the moisture content of the forest ground

3. "The Department of Forestry and Ge- Fargo; Research, Dr. Chas. H. Herty, Sa- litter, forest officers equipped with these

ology"-Mr. J. M. Mallory, Savannah.

vannah.

instruments are able to forecast fire dan-

4. "The U. S. Timber Survey"-Capt. Local Committee-Jno. M. Graham, T ger and call protective forces.

I. F. Eldredge, New Orleans, La.

B. Owens, W. T. Watters, S. A. Marshall, The duff hygrometer consists of a per-

Open Discussion.

G. E. Maddox.

forated brass rod a foot long, containing a

1 :00 P. M. Luncheon, Judge Ogden Per- Program Committee-Bonnell Stone, Ox- strip of rattan attached to a hand on a

sons, presiding.

ford, Chairman; Mrs. M. E. Judd, Dalton; dial. Rattan has a peculiar quality of elon-

Afternoon Session

T. G. Woolford, Atlanta; J. M. Mallory, gating rapidly when exposed to 'moisture.

2:30 P. M. (Central Time)

Savannah; Jack Williams, Waycross.

The dial hand of the hygrometer, controlled

Presiding-W. T. Anderson, Macon.

by the lengthwise swelling of the rattan

5. "National Forests in Georgia"-Mr. C. G. Smith, Athens, Tenn.
6. "Forestry and Power"-Mr. W. H. Barnwell, Atlanta.
7. "Trees as an Inheritance to the Future

Seedling Prices Announced
The Division of Forestry announced the following prices for seedlings for planting this fall or next spring:

strip and by a tension spring, indicates the percentage of moisture.
In northern Idaho, where destructive fires occurred last summer, forest workers found that a duff hygrometer reading 25

Generation"-Mr. Jos. A. McCord, Sr., At- Slash pine ----------------------$1.50 per thousand per cent moisture coJiltent means that the

lanta.

Longleaf pine ------------------ 1.50 " "

duff will scarcely burn at all; while a read-

Open Discussion.

Loblolly pine ------------------ 1.50 " "

ing of 10 per cent or less shows danger

Banquet-7:30P.M.

Sl:lortleaf pine ---------------- 1.50 " "

from high inflammability.

Toastmaster-Mr. T. G. Woolford, At- White pine -------------------- 1.50 " "

lanta.

Yellow poplar ---------------- 3.00 " "

Go to the annual meeting of the Georgia

Addresses- Governor Richard Russell, Black walnut ------------------ 3.00 " "

Forestry Association at Rome, June 22-23.

Jr., Atlanta, and another to be selected. Black locust -------------------- 2.00 " "

It will be well worthwhile.

8

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

MINERALS OF GEORGIA

GEORGIA LEADS IN ASBESTOS, FULLERS' EARTH AND OCHRE

Brief Accounts of Occurrences and Developments of the State's Leading Minerals
Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOG

Assistant State Geologist, Richard W. Smith, Contributes Article on NonMetallic Products of Georgia to ~~Pit

and Quarry."

LIMESTONES OF GEORGIA

Perhaps -no mineral is, in fact, used in

Article 4 The value of limestone output in Georgia varies from $350,000 to $650,000 annually. Commercial deposits are found in the Appalachian Valley region of northwest Georgia and the Coastal Plain of central and southern Georgia. In addition, the Piedmont Plateau contains a few scattered deposits of marble, which, besides being useful for building purposes, can be used for purposes to which limestone is put. The limestones of northwest Georgia are of marine origin and have been classed for

so many ways nor more widely than limestone. At Whitestone in Gilmer county, a very white, somewhat dolomitic marble is crushed for use in terrazo floors, in stucco, in cast stone, in road construction, as chicken grit and as a metallurgical flux; it is pulverized as a filler for asphalt and also as an agricultural limestone; it is used for dusting coal mines to prevent coal-dust explosions, as whiting, and by sulphuric acid manufacturers to neutralize certain products. This is also typical of uses of marble quarry waste in Pickens county.

The leading article in "Pit and Quarry" for May is contributed by Assistant State Geologist of Georgia, Richard W. Smith. He brings to the mining world an ably written and well illustrated article dealing with the mineral resources of the state. He shows that Georgia leads all states in asbestos and fullers' earth. Nonmetallic producers account for nearly 95 percent of annual value of Georgia's mineral output.
Mr. Smith states that Georgia annually produces mineral resources to the value of$15,000,000 to $17,000,000. Georgia ranks

convenience of description into five dis- The limestones of the southern part of first among the states in the production

of asbestos, fullers' earth -and ochre; second

in the production of barite and raw clay;

and varies between third and fourth place in the production of marble. Of many of the minerals, the undeveloped reserves for

the future are enormous and the production of the future will be limited only by

the market and the progressiveness of the producer. For example, the sedimentary kaolins of Georgia are just beginning to be

fully known to the consumer, and the production has shown a steady increase.

Descriptions are given of asbestos, barite cement, clay, fullers' earth, granite, limestone, marble, mica, ochre, sand and gravel,

talc and soapstone and tripoli. Eighteen illustrations accompany the article. The

article will do much to bring Georgia's

Grinding Plant at' Whites tone, Gilmer County

mineral resources to those who are interested in developing such r esources.

tinct types; high calcium limestones, mag- the state are used largely for road mate-

FORESTRY RALLY-Continued

nesian limestones, argillaceous limestones; rial. The Ocala limestone is spread on a A motorcade of twelve cars went to the dolomites, and high calcium or dolomitic road and compacted by scraping and rolling James Fowler lands where he has planted

marbles. Limestones vary in color from to form a layer 8 inches thick. Tar is then 1750 acres since 1926. The crowd was

pure white- to black.

sprayed on and allow ed to penetrate,~ fol shown a slash pine that had grown eight

The limestones of the Appalachian Valley lowed by a top surface of asphalt and finely inches in diameter and 30 feet in height

region are semi-crystalline bedded deposits. crushed rock. The result is an economical in six years. Plans were made to exhibit

They are found in the Shady limestone and road of excellent quality, and with proper one of these rapid growing trees at the Conasauga formations, the Knox dolomite, maintenance, of long life. A surface dress- annual meeting of the Georgia Forestry

the Chickamauga formation and the Ban- ing is required about once in three years. Association at Rome on June 22 and 23.

gor formations. In the middle and south- Georgia limestones are widely used for A visit was made to the Neill and James ern part of the state the limestone occurs agricultural purposes and are particularly Gillis lands to study effects of firebreaks

in Cretaceous and Tertiary formations.

helpful in growing legumes such as alfalfa, and the progress of plantings which have

Uses.-Limestone has a wide range of clovers, soy beans, etc. Magnesium lime- been made.

uses. Crushed limestone is used for road stone has been found by the Georgia Ex- It was a great day for the cause of forbuilding and concrete construction, for bal- periment Station to be profitable for cotton estry in Treutlen county.

last, building stones, mortars and plasters; on Piedmont soils. This form of limestone

agricultural purposes; in manufacturing also prevents a disease of tobacco known A. L. Brogden, vice president of the

cement; in making paper, leather, glue and as "sand drown."

Turpentine and Rosin Factors, and Carl H.

soap; as a flux in blast furnaces; in copper

Speh, secretary-manager of the Pine Insti-

smelting and glass manufacture. In the APPALACHIAN COUNCIL MEETS tute of America, will represent American chemical industry calcium of limestone is The Appalachian Council having in naval stores interests at the International

used in making sodium carbonate, sodium charge the general direction of the Appa- Naval Stores Confere at Bordeaux, France.

chloride, calcium carbide, cyanamid, cal- lachian Forestry Experiment Station with

cium nitrate, carbonic acid gas, gypsum, headquarters at Asheville, will hold its an- Visit Georgia parks at Nee! Gap and In-

ete.

nual meeting at Asheville June 17 and 18. dian Springs.