Forestry-geological review [Mar. 1932]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMEN

Vol. 2

ATLANTA, GA., MARCH, 1932

No.3

NEW TREE NURSERY

CAPTAIN I. F. ELDREDGE

ANNUAL MEETING GEORGIA

ESTABLISHED AT ALBANY

TO FORESTRY SERVICE

FORESTRY ASSOCIATION

Pines Adapted to South Georgia Conditions to Be Grown in Nursery Near City of Albany.

Captain I. F. Eldredge, Fargo, Georgia, has accepted a position with the Southern Forest Experiment Station, New Orleans, Louisiana, and is to have charge of forest

Session to 22-23 ranging

Be Held at Rome, June Program Committee Arfor Array of Prominent

survey work of the South, recently authorAt a meeting of the Commission of the ized. Department of Forestry and Geological For several years, Captain Eldredge has

Speakers to Handle Important Subjects.

Development, held in January, it was de- been in charge of the forestry holdings of

cided that one or more state tree nurser- the Superior Pine Products Company in At a meeting of the executive committee

ies should be established in the state, to be Clinch and Echols counties, consisting of of the Georgia Forestry Association held in

operated by the Division of Forestry.

about 225,000 acres, the largest area of Atlanta, Friday, February 12, it was de-

In pursuance of this action, a site was private ownership in the South. Previous to cided that the annual session of the organ-

selected by the forestry committee of the taking over the management of the Supe- ization would be held at Rome, June 22

Commission at Albany, where it is the rior Pine Products land, Captain Eldredge and 23.

purpose to grow pines of South Georgia under their natural climatic and soil conditions. Slash, longleaf and loblolly will be the principal output. .
The city of Albany and the county of Dougherty are cooperating in providing the site and water for the nursery. The nursery is located on the county farm on a pub-

has been connected with the United States Forest Service for several years.
In the departure of Captain Eldredge, Georgia loses one of its leading commercial foresters and one of the ablest promoters of forestry in the State. His success has been pointed to with pride, and his work was the object of favorable com-

A committee was appointed to arrang.e the program. This committee consists of Bonnell Stone, Oxford, chairman; President T. G. Woolford, Atlanta; Mrs. M. E. .Judd, Dalton; Jack Williams, Waycross; J. A. Davis, Albany; C. B. Harman, Atlanta; Wyatt Foster, Rome.

lic highway.

ment on the occasion of the visit of state

The local district forester is in charge foresters of the nation last year.

of the nursery and has been busy get- Captain Eldredge has been an active sup-

ting pine seed and planting. Seedlings .porter of every movement looking to the

for planting will not be available for plant- advancement of forestry in Georgia, and

ing until the first season's growth is at- was in frequent demand for addresses at

tained.

forestry meetings. His headquarters will

Funds for operating the nursery are 0 b- be in New Orleans.

theained; in part, from federal sources under \ The successor to Captain Eldredge in the

t Clark-McNa_ry_A_ct._ _ _ _

<rrganJ.Zatwn 01e th e supenor p1ne p ro duc t s

FAVORABLY IMPRESSED

Company has not yet been chosen.

WITH FORESTRY PROGRESS MISS ALICE BAXTER,

It was decided that a day and a half of the program would be given to addresses and that the afternoon of the last day would be devoted to demonstrations conducted by the Division of Forestry.
An invitation is to be extended to a member of the executive committee of the Southern Forestry Conference to appear on the program and to hold an executive committee meeting of that association to discuss the feasibility of reviving this southwide forestry organization.
Exhibits are to be displayed and forest-

A. B. Hastings, in charge of public rela-

FORESTRY PIONEER, DIES ry in North Georgia is to be featured from

tions, and Charles F. Evans, district inspect-

many standpoints.

or, of the United States Forest Service, visited Georgia in February and, in company with State Forester B. M. Lufburrow, and Development Agent Bonnell Stone, made a tour of timber protective organizations in various parts of Georgia.
These officials supervise the expenditure of Clark-McNary federal funds for fire

The first woman member of the State Board of Forestry of Georgia, Miss Alice Baxter, of Atlanta, died on February 13. Miss Baxter was appointed to the first State Board of Forestry by Governor Clifford Walker, and was the representative of woman's clubs of the state, required by the law.

In view of the threefold activities of the new Georgia Department of Forestry and Geological Development, under which forestry activities of the state are now conducted, it was decided that not only forestry but paper pulp research and geology would be given recognition on the program.

control and the state tree nursery. They Miss Baxter was chairman of the forest- Rome will entertain the Association for

expressed gratitude over the showing made ry committee of the State Federation of the first time. Meetings will be held in its

by Georgia, particularly in the formation of Women's Clubs and one of her last official handsome city auditorium. A hospitable

new timber protective organizations, the acts was an appeal to clubs of the state in welcome will be given by this enterprising

new acreage added to old organizations behalf of forestry, and especially for tree city of several hills, the only city of Geor-

and the way the timber owners are carry-
~ng .on with timber protection in spite of the

planting. In her death, the cause of forestry has

gia making rayon silk out of wood, a city of educational renown and the center of a

ltusiness depression.

suffered a severe loss.

region of vast forest and mineral resources.

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review
Published Monthly by the DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND

PINE PLANTING PROGRESSES -REFORESTATION POPULAR IN GEORGIA

and Geological Development and ask for bulletins on planting and also for pine seedlings, if they are needed.

GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT State Capitol, Atlanta
C. A. WHITTLE, Editor Bonnell Stone, Oxford, Development Agent

Slash and Longleaf Pines Planted in South Georgia in Both Fall and

COMPLIMENTARY TO BONNELL

STONE

Spring-Year-Old Seedlings Used. Mr. Bonnell Stone, development agent

Forestry Division

of the Department of Forestry and Geo-

B. M. Lufburrow. State Forester______Atlanta Tree planting in the state occurs in th~ logical Development, has changed his resE. B.__S__t_o__n__e__,___J__r_._,___D___i_s__t_r_i_c__t___F__o__r__e_s__t_e_ Gr,ainesville spring, though considerable planting of idence from Blairsville to Oxford, Geor-

H. M. Sebring, District Forester______Macon pines is carried on in South Georgia in the gia. As a token of appreciation of the

C. B. Beale, District Forester__ ____Waycross fall. Last fall South Georgia was in the years of service in upbuilding the region

W. D. Young, District Forester__________ Rome midst of an unprecedented drouth and around Blairsville, a number of leading

Jack Thurmond, District Forester, ------------------------------------------------Savannah
C. N. Elliott, District Forester______Augusta

planting was deferred in many instances until late winter or spring. Fall planting in

citizens of Union county presented him with a very valuable watch. Mr. Stone is

H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester....Albany North Georgia is not advisable, principally now residing in the home formerly occu-

W. G. Wallace, District Forester__ Columbus because the small pine seedlings set out at pied by his grandfather at Oxford, the

Mrs. Nellie Nix Edwards, Clerk......Atlanta Mrs. R. S. Thompson, Stenographer Atlanta

that

time

are

often

subjected

to

heavy

place

where

his

father

and

grandfather

freezes that heave them to the surface, have been connected with Emory Univer-

Geological Division

leaving their roots to dry out, which in turn sity.

S. W. McCallie, State Geologist....Atlanta results in the death of the seedlings.

R. W. Smith, Asst. State Geologist, ----------------------------------------------------Atlanta
G. W. Crickmay, Asst. State Geologist, ----------------------------------------------------Atlanta
Mrs. Blanche Ransom, Clerk __________ Atlanta

More slash and longleaf pines are planted in Georgia than other species. These, of course, are the species that yield naval stores as well as lumber, poles, cooperage,

FORESTRY RECOGNIZED IN EDUCATIONAL ASSOCIATION

Research Division, Savannah
Charles H. Herty______________ Research Chemist George C. McNaughton ________ Asst. Research Bruce Suttle__________________________ Plant Engineer

cross ties, shingles and pulpwood that other species of pine produce.
As a rule plantings of one-year-old seedlings are made. Transplanting older pines

Forestry Recognized as Section of Southern Agricultural Workers Association.

W. T. Allen________________________________________ Chemist is likely to result in heavy mortality. Spe-

J. B. Osborne .. _____________________ Plant Assistant cial care must be taken to keep the roots At the annual meeting of the South-

moist from the time they are taken from ern Agricultural Workers Association held

the seed-bed until they are transplanted to at Birmingham, Alabama, February 2, 3

PLANS FOR DEVELOPMENT

the ground where they are to remain.

and 4, a sectional meeting in the interests

A few simple rules are to be followed. of forestry was held with Fred B. Merrill,

OF STATE FOREST-PARKS In South Georgia the seedlings should not state forester of Mississippi, presiding.

Forestry's part in land utilization, forest-

Plans are under way for the development of the Vogel and Indian Springs State Forest-Parks. The Vogel State Forest-Park embraces 160 acres and is located on top of the Blue Ridge in Union and Lumpkin counties, and includes the top of Blood Mountain, one of the highest peaks in the State, and two pretty waterfalls. The State Forest Service has extensive plans for the development of this area for recreational use and the demonstration of what is

ry in agricultural schools, soil erosion and forestry, timber marketing and forest production problems were discussed.
Resolutions adopted emphasized soil erosion studies, greater recognition of forests in land utilization, extension of the forestry project with vocational schools similar to that inaugurated in Georgia, and in favor of considering forestry products in the annual southern meetings of the Federal Bureau of Economics where the

good forestry practice.

"Southern Outlook" is formulated.

In an effort to increase the attendance

The Indian Springs State Forest-Park, embracing 22 acres, is situated in Butts

of foresters at the annual meeting of Southern Agricultural Workers, it was

county, and includes the well-known spring

decided that sections of the Society of

which is of much historic interest, it having been deeded to the State at the time of

On left-One-year-old slash pine seedling. On right-One-year-old longleaf pine seedling.

American Foresters in the region nearest the meeting place, be urged to hold their

the famous Mcintosh treaty with the Creek Indians. This area is being developed pri-

be planted quite as deep in the ground as they were when taken from the nursery

annual meeting at the time and place of the session of Southern Agricultural workers.

marily for recreational use, but the idea of bed, so that drifting sand will not get into The following were elected as officers of

fire protection and proper methods of han- the crowns. In North Georgia they can be the forestry section for the year: Presi-

dling woodland will be brought out.

planted at the same depth that they were dent, E. L. Demmon, director of the South-

Both of these areas were visited by a in the nursery. It is better to plant when ern Forest Experiment Station, New Or-

large number of people last year, and it is the soil is fairly moist. In that case, no leans, Louisiana; Secretary, D. E. Lauder-

expected that they will be visited by still water need be applied.

burn, Extension Forester, Jackson, Miss-

larger numbers during the present year. Plowing furrows along the line of plant- issippi.

Active construction work on both of these ing is advisable, both for lining up of trees

areas will begin in a short time, and it is and for preparing the soil for easy plant- Teacher-"What do you understand by

hoped that they will be considerably im- ing.

the word 'deficit', Johnny?"

proved by the opening of the summer sea- Those who- want full details for planting Johnny-"It's what you've got when you

son.

pines and other trees should write the State haven't as much as you had when you had

E. B. STONE, Jr. Forester of the Department of Forestry nuthin'."

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

3

GEORGIA INDUSTRIAL COLLEGE FORMS FOREST CLUB

12.

Those members who have passed the first two degrees and meet the following tests will be known as Junior

LOG

AND

STUMPAGE PRICES REPORTED

Foresters.

F. B. White, Vocational Agriculture Teacher at the Georgia Industrial College, Barnesville, Initiates For-

(a) Demonstrate ability in forest According to Statistical Bulletin No.

fire protection. (b) Demonstrate ability
ing standing timber.

in

estimat-

37-S, published by the United States Forest Service, 78 per cent of the standing

(c) Demonstrate ability to scale logs. timber reported as sold in 1930 was virgin

estry Club Among Students.
One of the progressive and outstanding vocational agriculture teachers of the state

(d) Rendered some practical service to timber owners.
(e) Average 90 or more in forest
subjects. 13. There shall be a President, Vice-Pres-
ident, Secretary and Reporter, each

timber, 17 per cent was second growth, and 5 per cent was of mixed origin and second, or "culled," virgin stands. Ninety-three per cent of the logs reported sold in 1930 were intended primarily for manufacture

is F. B. White, of the Georgia Industrial

officer to be elected for one semes- into lumber, the other common uses of

College, Barnesville, who has been among the leaders in promoting -the forestry project and has organized a forestry club. He

ter. B. ACTIVITIES.
1. The following activities shall be studied:

logs, such as veneer, ties, box shooks, etc., accounting for only a small proportion of the total.

has worked out the complete details governing the activities of the club. An outline of the organization has been obtained

(a) Tree study.
(b) General forestry. (c) Study of forest products.

A comparison of stumpage and log prices for 1930 and 1929 shows a general decrease

(d) Study of woods and wood prod- in 1930 of 13 per cent and 10 per centre-

from Professor White, which is as follows:

ucts.

spectively. The average wholesale price of

A. ORGANIZATION.
1. The name of this club shall be G. I. C. Forestry Club.
2. The purpose of this club is as follows: (a) To equip members with the ability to appreciate the forest.

(e) Game protection and propaga-
tion. (f) Recreation. (g) Forest protection.
(h) Public education. C. CALENDAR OF CLUB ACTIVITIES.

twelve representative lumber items shows a decrease of nearly 8 per cent in 1930, and the average price paid by contractors for six representative lumber items in eight representative cities, shows a decrease of

(b) To learn how to handle thE'
woodland on the farm on which we live.

The activities of each month shall be agreed upon and stressed according to their importance. The various activities shall be

nearly 4% to 1929.

per

cent in

1930 as compared

(c) To participate in reforestation grouped to fit into the seasons as near as

and fire-prevention work. (d) To co-operate with the Georgia
Forest Service in every way pos-

possible. Such jobs as tree planting, woodland management, fire prevention, co-oper-
ation with the Georgia Forest Service, and

INCOME FROM FORESTS STEADIER THAN FROM CROPS

sible.

all phases of woods work shall be empha-

3. The meetings shall be held on Tues- sized to its fullest extent.

Decline Only 7 Per Cent Compared

day of each week in the forestry class room at 11 o'clock in the morning. 4. There shall be hikes at least once a month and a picnic in the spring.
5. Each member shall be required to have a home forest project of at least three acres.
6. Each member of this club shall take

D. REFERENCE MATERIAL.
This club shall secure all the available literature on forestry, such as books, bulletins and other publications, and study these references. A list of all available material will be found in the forest library of the school.

to 47 Pel" Cent for Cotton, 46 Per Cent for Corn and 42 Per Cent for Wheat During Depression.
Forests yield a farm income that shows little decrease during the depression as

an active interest in the school forest project and help carry out the plans of the Georgia Forest Service.
7. The club will participate in "Forest

MINIMUM DIAMETER OF PROFITABLE SAW TIMBER

compared to the incomes from agricultural crops.
The Bureau of Agricultural Economics

Week" and "Arbor Day" with appro-

of the United States Department of Agri-

priate programs. 8. Before becoming a member, a stu-

The Forest Products Laboratory of the culture recently issued data on the farm

dent must manifest interest in forest- United States Forest Service has made value, gross income and cash income from

ry and meet the following tests:

careful cost studies of lumber production production for the years 1929-'30.

(a) Identify and describe at least 20 from different size logs. From a recent is- The decrease in gross income from for-

forest trees. (b) Give the principal causes of for-

sue of "The Log of the Lab," issued by the

ests in 1930, these data show, was only 7

est fires.

laboratory, the following is taken:

per cent below that of 1929, while the de-

(c) Demonstrate how to build a fire "Forest Products Laboratory logging and crease in total gross income from farms

break. (d) Know what a Timber Protective
Organization is and how it oper-

milling studies show that in any lumbering operation there is a minimum size of tree

was 29 per cent. If we compare

the

gross

income

from

ates.

which just pays its way through the mill; forest with the gross income from cotton,

(e) How many species of trees in smaller' sizes are cut at a loss. Not only is we find that while it is only 7 per cent for

Georgia and acreage in forest land.
9. There shall be no cost to this club, but each member will be expected to

it more costly to handle small trees than large ones, but the lumber sells for less

forests, there was a decline in gross income from cotton in 1930 of 47 per cent com-

bear his part of expenses in the an- per foot when cut. Analysis of studies com- pared to 1929. The decrease in corn for

nual picnic.

pleted since our last report on this subject the same period was 46 per cent and for

10. There shall be three degrees in this
club to be attained as a member becomes more proficient in forestry.

gives the following smallest sizes that should be taken for maximum immediate

wheat 42 per cent. Comparisons with other farm incomes emphasizes the fact that for-

11. The following tests will be required profit per acre logged: In Arkansas second- est products are subject to less price fluc-

for the second degree:

growth forest shortleaf and loblolly pine, tuations than farm incomes in general.

(a) Identify 10 of the commercial
woods. (b) Give uses of these 10 woods.

12 inches; in Louisiana, old-field loblolly, 15 inches; in Virginia, second-growth forest

This is to be explained largely by the fact that forest products can be harvested

(c) Collect tree seeds of three spe- loblolly, 12 inches; in North Carolina old- at any time and in accordance with demand,

cies of trees.

field loblolly, 11 inches; in Texas and west- whereas farm crops in general must be har-

(d) Prepare and plant a tree
bed. (e) Do fire patrol work.

seed

ern Arkansas, virgin shortleaf, 10 to 14 inches, according to type and age of stand.

vested annually and can marketable surplus.

easily

create

a

(f) Know three insects of the forest. "To insure a profitable second cut in the This advantage of forests over agrLal-

(g) Know the different kinds of relatively near future, the commercial oper- tural crops adds an element '1f safety to in-

fires and how to fight each kind. This degree will be known as Wood-

ator should work to larger minimum diam-

vestments in forests not e1rjoyed

by

agri-

crafter Degree.

eters than the above."

cultural crops.

' .

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

FIRST DISTRICT W. D. Young, District Forester

THIRD DISTRICT C. N. Elliott, District Forester

enson a1:e as follows: "I went over to inspect a smoke and
found two negroes with a fire built close

Rome

Augusta

to the edge of a wood. They had shotguns

and were looking intently into the woods.

Effective Fire Control

School Aids Farmers at Carnesville in I asked them what they were doing, telling

Plantiti.g Pines

them I was with the state forest service

Patrolmen in District 1 have been suc- Franklin County High School, under the and that my duty was to stop woods fires.

cessful in keeping fires out of the patrol- direction of Carl Parker, vocational teach- They replied that they were hunting rab-

ed areas up to date.

er, is planting pine seedlings for farmers in bits and they did not intend to let the fire

Mr. C. S. Fowler, who is patrolman in a t he county. Mr. Parker estimates that the get any larger. I asked them how they

section around LaFayette, including parts forestry club will plant some twelve thou- could run the rabbits out without letting

of Walker, Catoosa, Whitfield and Chat- sand seedlings within the next three weeks. the fire burn into the woods. They said a

tooga counties, reports that only three small fires have occurred, which were

Students Improve Memorial Forest
Work on the Nancy Hart Forest-Park,

rabbit was afraid of fire and when he smelled the smoke, got some of it in his eyes

promptly put out. Most of the landowners donated last year by the Stephen Heard and heard the fire crackling, he would

are interested in keeping fires out of their and Nancy Hart chapters of Daughters of start to running and didn't care where he

timber and are co-operating with him in the American ~Revolution to the state or- ran. I , of course, put them to fighting fire

fire suppression. Educational work is being ganization, and embracing sc;>me five acres and lectured them on such practices.

carried on by personal contact, by visiting in the southeastern corner of Elbert county "Riding along one cold morning, I found

rural schools wherever possible. Posters on Warhatch Creek, is progressing nicely two negroes on the roadside with a big fire

calling attention of the public to possibil- under the supervision of the forestry club going. I cautioned them against letting fire

ities of forest protection are being posted. at Nancy Hart Memorial school at Fortso- get into the woods nearby. I must have made

Agricultural county agents are cooperating nia. F. M. Young, vocational teacher, and it pretty strong, because when I returned

with the patrolman in carrying out his his students, have thinned a greater portion fifteen minutes later they had stamped out

work.

of the forest and are planning to cut out the fire and were standing there shivering."

Mr. W. A. Johnson, who is patrolman in a a road to Nancy Hart's homesite on the One school teacher told Patrolman Ste-

section around Jasper, Ga., including parts place.

phenson that her pupils slipped out into the

of Gilmer, Pickens, Gordon, and Murray counties, reports that no fires have occurred

Patrolman's Experiences

woods and smoked and in this way had started several fires around the school. She

in his section, to date. This is due partly to Forest Patrolman E. L. Stephenson re- suggested forest fire control education for the rainy weather and to the educational ports the attitude of all landowners in his them.

and publicity work being put on in that par- territory is that they do not want fires on Mr. Stephenson states that the 'county

ticular section. Every effort is being made their forested areas and are working to agricultural agents are gGod co-operators

by the patrolman to carry out his work to keep them out. Most of the fires, he has and at least two meetings each year in

the best advantage.

learned, are put out quickly after they are their counties are devoted to fire control.

District 1 is fortunate in having two men as patrolmen who are widely known in their respective areas. By these men living in the patroled areas, they are able to make effective contacts with the landowners.
SECOND DISTRICT Everett B. Stone, Jr., Dist. Forester
Gainesville

discovered. The landowners instruct their tenants to keep fires out of their forests.
A number of farmers, Mr. Stephenson reports, expressed satisfaction that the state was taking this step in stopping fires in this district, and one fru:mer said that he had planned to write to the State Department of Forestry and Geological Development and ask for a man to come out to his place and help him work out a fire control system.

All fires but one investigated by Patrolman Stephenson had fighters on them. This was a small fire just starting, probably by a hunter. He suppressed it.
Prospective T. P. 0.
Plans are under way for the organization of two timber protective organizations in District No. 3, one to be in Jasper county and the other in Green county. Mr. J. N. Walker, Monticello, and Mr. E. T. Bos-

From a Patrolman's Reports

well, Jr., Siloam, are instrumental in form-

Forest Fire Patrolmen m Gainesville Incidents reported by Patrolman Steph- ing these timber protective organizations.

District

The first of February two forest fire patrolmen were appointed on fire control duty in the Gainesville district. Mr. W. B. Meaders was assigned an area embracing all or parts of Hall, White, Dawson, Gwinnett, Forsyth and Lumpkin counties. Mr. F. H. Williamson was assigned an area embracing all or parts of Banks, Jackson, Habersham and Barrow counties.

These patrolmen have been provided with tools and equipment for extinguishing fires. They will work with the landowners in preventing the occurrence of forest fires, and assist them in suppressing fires where they do occur.

A small number of fires have already been suppressed in both of these units by the patrolmen, and it is believed that they will, by securing the co-operation of the landowners, reduce the number of fires and the areas burned over.

Franklin County High School Students Plant Pines on Holbrook Farm Under Direction of Prof. Carl Parker, Vocational Teacher.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

5

The annual meeting of the National Con- note to this forest fire proposition yet. Organization in Telfair county and has got-

ference of State Parks will be held this Those posters may preveRt a few fires from ten several additional landowners to sign

year May 4-7 at Virginia Beach, near Nor- ever being set in the woods, but what good up their land. He also reports that some

folk, Virginia. 'The last day of the session are those posters going to do when a fire landowners around Chauncey in Dodge

calls for a trip to Yorktown, Williamsburg gets started? The keynote to this fire pro- county are plowing fire-breaks, and a lot

and Jamestown. Headquarters will be at tection is co-operation- co-operation first more are interested in keeping down the

the Cavalier Hotel at Virginia Beach.

in preventing fires from ever getting start- fire in that section.

ed, and then 100 per cent co-operation

from each man in helping his neighbors get

FOURTH DISTRICT W. G. Wallace, District Forester
Columbus

those fires stopped just as quickly as possible after the first small smoke is seen.
" 'Don't wait until you think there's danger of that fire crossing your line to fight

SIXTH DISTRICT Jack Thurmond, District Forester
Savannah

it,' I said, 'but grab a hoe or a pine top and

Landowners of Fourth District Coop-

go help that neighbor to put out the fire and then you will probably find your neigh-

Outstanding School Forestry Work
The type of work carried on by the So-

erate Heartily With Forest

bors willing to come over and help fight perton Vocational High School boys on

Patrolmen

your fires'."

their school forest and home projects is of a high order. Last week they finished

Patrolmen E. B. Doyle and T. L. Colwell

planting an old field to 5,000 one-year-old

both state that the landowners and farmers with whom they have come in contact have, almost without exception, offered wholehearted co-operation in outlawing

FIFTH DISTRICT H. M. Sebring, District Forester
Macon

slash pine seedlings, which covers a little over seven acres. This planting was made according to the information published by the Georgia Forest Service in their latest

woods burning.
Patrolman Colwell says: "I have had a number of people to tell me that they had

Byromville High School and Macon County Training School Estab-

bulletin entitled "Planting Longleaf and Slash Pine," all details outlined in this bulletin being closely followed.

never before seen so little fire on Pine Mountain. The whole mountain usually burns over once each year, but my neighbors have all joined in with me to stop every fire seen on the mountain this spring.
"I was riding along a byroad that made a circuitous route through miles of pine second growth in Harris and Muscogee counties. We frequently came upon the remains of 'warming fires' that the colored people of this section often build to warm by. I noticed that almost without exception the charred remains were in the road. In my contacts with the negroes, I always caution them to build their warming fires in the roads where there won't be any danger of starting fire in the woods. And I find that when our colored neighbors are once

lish School Forests
Vocational Teacher B. 0. Fry recently secured a 10-acre tract of forest land to be used by the Byromville High School in their forestry work. The plot was surveyed and a management plan is being made. The work was not ilwugurated heretofore, because it was difficult to get a suitable plot close to the school
The Macon County Training School (colored), of Montezuma, has also initiated the study of forestry. A suitable tract of 14% acres has been secured from a colored farmer, W. M. Mathis, ten miles east of Montezuma. The plot affords excellent opportunity to teach the students, and the adults, of that particular section, the essentials of forestry.

A seed-bed 75 feet long and 4 feet wide was planted to longleaf and slash seed, which will give the school plenty of seedlings to plant in the field this coming fall and winter, and they will also have some to supply farmers who desire them.
Every boy taking vocational forestry work has a home project ranging from two to five acres in size. All of them have constructed firebreaks, planted seedlings and thinned a part of their home forest. Jim L. Gillis, Jr., has planted two acres in slash pine and has a seed-bed at home to raise his own planting stock. The vocational boys began work on a clubhouse in January and it will be completed in March. They plan to use it to hold meetings and organize a forestry club as soon as the cabin is completed.

informed of the damage done by woods fires they try to be just as careful as 'white folks'."

Forest Patrolman Doing Effective Work

In: addition to the above activities, some phase of forestry is taught in every school in Treutlen county, both white and colored,

Mr. Doyle was telling me of an interesting conversation he had on a Saturday afternoon at a crossroads country store. "I dropped in," he said, "and inquired of the storekeeper if I might place a forest fire

W. H. J. Carmack, farmer and sawmill man, is acting as temporary patrolman during the spring fire season in Pulaski, Crisp and Dooley counties. In a report of his activities, he states in part: "I am having what I think is splendid co-operation in

and evening classes in forestry covering protection and planting work have been held by the vocational teacher to give the farmer an idea as to what they may expect from planting and protecting their timber.

poster on the front of his store. We walked 'out front and picked out a good place to tack it up. The usual store group gathered around and carefully read the forest fire poster. I introduced myself as a forest patrolman of the Georgia Division of Forestry. At this point, a new plug of 'Apple Sun Cured' was passed around, and then we got right down to business and discussed this bad habit of woods burning pro and con. Each man wanted two or three of those posters to put on his land to keep the 'other fellow' from starting fires. And

forestry work. I have seen a large number of landowners and in nearly every case these men have tried to keep down fires. They are willing to co-operate with the state in every way possible to keep fire out. I have canvassed a good many tenants, white and colored, and find they are less concerned and quite a large amount of blame is laid to them for the fires."
S. A. Clements, farmer and former turpentine manager, is working as temporary patrolman in Telfair, Dodge and Laurens counties. Mr. Clements has protected his

Three Forest Patrolmen at Work
Three forest patrolmen started to work in this district during the last week in January, and will work until after the middle of April. These men who are supervised from the Savannah 'district office, are as follows:
H. B. Stafford, with headquarters at Hinesville, patrolman for Liberty, Long and part of Mcintosh and Bryan counties.
0. L. Williams, with headquarters at Egypt, works part of Chatham, Bulloch,

there's where I took my cue and scored a point.

own timber from fire for a number of years and knows the value of fire protection. He

Screven and all of Effingham county. Jerry Walker, headquarters at Soperton,

" 'You fellows are right as far as you has concentrated some of his eff~rts adja- works Treutlen, Emanuel, Oconee and part

go,' I said, 'but you haven't struck the key- cent to the Ocmulgee Timber Protective of Toombs county. Mr. Walker was for

6

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

merly employed by James Fowler of Soper- PROGRESS ON PAPER

SOUTH MAKES STRIDES

ton, and while with Mr. Fowler had charge of his planting and protection work.

AND PULP LABORATORY

IN PAPER MANUFACTURE

These men were instructed for two days

at a little meeting in Hinesville as to what Operation May Start in April-Ma- The Manufacturer's Record, commenting

was expected of them. In addition to the instructions they received, for one day they accompanied the district forester who play-

chinery

Rapidly

Installed-Hearti-

on the strides the South is making in kraft paper manufacture, says:

est Cooperation of All Agencies. "Rapid development has been made in

ed the part of a forest patrolman, allow-

the Southern pulp and paper industry dur-

ing them to see just what was expected of Experience has taught us all the dapgers ing the past several years. 'The strange

them and how to go about it. They then of predicting the exact date of finishing thing about this development,' writes Par-

proceeded to their respective territories, and entering a new house. For the same ker K. Baird of the United States Forest

where they are always on the job contact- reason I dare not try to predict just when Service, 'is that it has been so long coming.'

ing landowners, talking protection, fighting our research laboratory will begin making He shows that the South contains a vast

' fire, co-operating with all T. P. O.'s and pulp and paper. My guess and hope is that reservoir of pulpwood and that co11ditions

every landowner that wants to keep his it will be about April 1st.

are favorable for maintaining this supply

woods rough.

All of the machinery, except the digestor perpetually, for it is capable of producing

and the boiler, has arrived, and a good part stands of wood suitable for pulping pur-

New Members for Emanuel T. P. 0. of it has already been installed, but there poses in approximately 25 years.

Three new members were admitted to the Emanuel T. P. 0 ., adding 5,000 acres

is an enormous amount of detail work in connection with the fittings for water,

"The United States Government recognizes the South's adv'antages in paper-mak-

which makes the area listed in this organ-

ization 16,255 acres. The m en admitted

were J. P. Snooks of Covena, Ga.; Virgil

Durden of Graymont, Ga.; and Ehrlich

Brothers, of Swainsboro, Ga. All members

of this T. P. 0. have constructed fire-

breaks, and instead of making the plowed

and burned type, they are plowing solid

breaks ten to twelve feet wide, which will

average about $4.00 per mile for construc-

tion costs. They are made with two-horse

plows equipped with terrace wings.

Liberty T. P. 0. Constructs Permanent Breaks

On February 16, 1932, the Burgman

Tractor Equipment Company, of Jackson-

ville, moved their fire-break equipment

from Wayne county to Liberty to begin

plowing one hundred miles of fire-breaks on lands listed in the Liberty County T. P. 0. The plans call for twenty miles of double breaks, which are made oy ;running

Staff of Paper and Pulp Laboratory at Savannah. Left to right, W. T. Allen, Chemist; George C. McNaughton, Assistant Research Chemist; Dr. ! Charlse H . Herty, Research
Chemist; J. B. Osborn, Plant Assistant; Bruce Suttle, Plant Engineer.

a complete round, letting the dirt lap over,

which will make a completely plowed break steam and electric current. However, our ing, and it has been constructively working

eighteen fe et wide. This will cut the big very congenial staff is hu stling, and before to bring about the fullest utilization of

tract of 13,000 acres into four smaller very long I hope to see a cherished dream Southern forest products. Since the begin-

tracts. Secondary breaks will be plowed in come true.

ning of 1930, about one-third of the activ-

one operation nine feet wide with the Hes- When we are ready to go, we will be ities of the pulp and paper section of the

ter fire-break plow. Much interest has equipped with the full facilities for chip- Forest Products Laboratory have been de-

been aroused by the type of work this out- ping and digesting wood for chemical pulp, voted to problems related to the utilization

fit does, and landowners from adjoining for grinding wood for mechanical pulp, for of Southern wood. The principal pulp prod-

counties are continually coming to see the treating or mixing these two in any pro- uct of the South, at present, is the kraft

work, which is a good indication that maybe portions in the beaters and Jordan, and type, best fitted for such products as brown

more mileage will be lined up for this out- then for carrying it through an excellently wrapping paper, bag paper, container

fit to plow while in this section.

constructed paper machine right on to fin- board, and similar products. However, Mr.

ished paper.

Baird states that 'it can now be said that

the South dominates the American kraft

FOREST RANGERS

A dozen cords each of slash, long-leaf pulp industry.' He points out that so long

ON THE RADIO and loblolly pines were cut at the begin- as kraft pulp is the only paper product of

ning of the year, and have been lying on the South, the situation will be economical-

Every Thursday at 1 o'clock, Eastern the ground seasoning since that time. This ly dangerous; the South needs a diversified

time, 2 o'clock Central time, the National will be peeled and brought to the plant pulp industry.''

Broadcasting Company co-operates in put- next week.

Commenting on the above, the Augusta

ting over 45 stations a radio drama relating We are receiving the heartiest cooper- Chronicle says:

to the work of the forest ranger. This is ation from everyone here in Savannah, and "The South is now recognized as the cen-

broadcast by the United States Forest Ser- from all the officials of the department, all ter of the kraft paper industry, but it has

vice. Tune in and hear Jim Robbins and of which naturally makes happiness and taken many years to start this natural de-

Jerry Quick on incidents of the forest rang- good cheer.-Chas. H. Herty, Research velopment, one which should have begun 50

er's life.

Chemist.

years ago. However, we are hopeful of

FORESTRY-GEOLO(.;ICAL REVIEW

7

having a diversified wood pulp industry, as NAVAL STORES RECORDS

printing ink, 11,209; linoleum, 2,754; pa-

the paper-experimental plant in Savannah being conducted by Dr. Charles H. Herty

FOR SEASON 1930-'31

per and paper size, 1,771. Rosin is used in all the products men-

and fostered by the State of Georgia,

tioned for turpentine except that matches

should make commendable progress along Georgia Produces More Than Half of are added. The industry using the largest

diversified lines. "The slash pine, the gum, the poplar,

Naval Stores Output of Country.

amount of rosin is paper manufacturers, followed closely by paint and varnish pro-

the cypress and dozens of varieties of trees

ducers and soap makers.

that grow in the South should all be given A special report by the Bureau of Chem- Exports of turpentine (gallons) in 1930-

exhaustive tests as to the different kinds istry and Soils of the United States Depart- '31 were 16,755,616; 1929-'30, 16,940,179;

of paper that may be made from them, and ment of Agriculture covering the season 1927-'28, 16,494,551. Exports of rosin

there is no way of estimating the far- 1930-'31, ending March 31, 1931, reveals (barrels) were: 1930-'31, 304,841; 1929-

reaching results of Dr. Herty's experi- that the naval stores industry has been se- '30, 1,365,400; 1927-'28, 1,373,411.

ments."

verely influenced by the world-wide bus-

iness depression.

ENGLISH POUND VALUE

BLUE STAIN OF WOOD PRECAUTIONS NECESSARY
Anyone familiar with pine lumber especially, has seen blue stains which place the lumber in a low grade.

From data available it was estimated 16,250 crops were worked. The industrial consumption of turpentine was less in 1930 than for any year since 1922, when comparable statistics were first gathered. The industrial consumption of rosin was less than for any year since 1924.

AND GEORGIA CLAYS
England is the chief competitor of Georgia in the matter of supplying theAmerican market with clays. Georgia made steady progress in displacing English clays in this country until England discarded the gold standard and accepted silver as a monetary

The cause of stains in fresh-cut pine tim- Georgia is far in the lead in naval stores basis. This automatically lowered the price

ber are fungi that have entered the wood production, Florida being the only state of English clays in the American market

where beetles have burrowed. The fungi approaching this state. Statistics for the and Georgia producers found that compe-

attack the sapwood, driving their mycelia season 1930-'31 are as follows:

tition had become severe in this gold-stan-

toward the heart, which discolor the wood. Turpentine (gallons)-Georgia, 15,465,- dard market. Hence, an appeal to Congress

The beetle doing most injury to south- 216; Florida, 9,159,916; Alabama, 1,721,- for an adjustment that would restore trade

ern pines is the pine beetle (Dendroctonus 575; North and South Carolina (combined) to a fairer competitive basis for American

frontalis). This insect attacks and, by the 1,336,952; Louisiana and Texas (combin- producers.

aid of the fungi introduced, sometimes kills ed) 1,192,484; Mississippi, 1,062,323.

The value of the English pound, there-

comparatively thrifty trees. Other beetles Rosin (barrels) - Georgia, 1,013,461; fore, has a good deal to do with the em-

of the genus Ips are likely to do their Florida, 621,032; Alabama, 115,027; North ployment of thousands of workers in the

greatest damage to weak trees.

and South Carolina, 90,587; Louisiana and clay and shale deposits of Georgia and in

Timber owners generally realize that Texas, 80,202; Mississippi, 65,899.

Georgia industries using these raw prod-

felling timber in the spring and summer Georgia and the Carolinas are the only ucts.

increases, as a rule, the presence of tree states showing an increase in production as "Financial Aspects of Growing Southern

beetles.

compared to the yields of the season of Pine," prepared by E. A. Ziegler and A. R.

One can see gummy excretions or holes in pine bark, indicating that beetles are

1927-'28, and the Carolinas are the only states showing an increase over the season

Spillers, of the United States Forest Service, and C. H. Coulter of the Florida For-

attacking the trees. The leaves of attacked trees take on an unhealthy color.
The best defense is to cut infested trees and utilize them at once, being sure to remove or burn all the limbs and tops of the trees that have been cut.
The Journal of Agricultural Research of

of 1929-'30.
The report of entire production from turpentine gum in the South is as follows: 1930-'31, 29,938,466 gallons; 1929-'30, 31,320,871 gallons; 1927-'28, 31,549,082 gallons.

est Service, has been issued as Bulletin 7 of the Florida Forest Service, Tallahassee, Florida.
The bulletin reports the studies of a whole county in Florida and suggests what must be done to put forestry on a permanent paying basis in that region.

November 15, 1931, printed a technical For rosin, 1930-'31, 1,986,208 barrels;

treatise on "Two Blue-Staining Fungi As- 1929-'30, 1,975,631 barrels; 1927-'28, 2,- Dr. C. A. Schenck, former director of the

sociated with Bark-Beetle Infestation of 071,813 barrels.

Biltmore Forest School, has arranged to

Pines," separates of which have been made Turpentine products distilled from wood personally conduct a group of American

available as reprints. The article was pre- for 1930-'31 (all methods), 4,255,225 gal- foresters on a European tour, April 21 to

pared by Caroline T. Rumbold.

lons; 1929-'30, 4,619,253 gallons; 1927-'28, June 8, for study of scientific forestry. The

4,333,176 gallons.

cost of the tour, from New York and re-

Recent Forestry Publication

Rosin from wood distillation, 1930-'31, turn, is $480.00.

438,917 barrels; 1929-'301, 478,555 bar-

"Planting Black Walnuts," Leaflet 84, rels; 1927-'28, 452,187 barrels. United States Department of Agriculture,

The American Forestry Association will

Washington, D. C., prepared by W. R. Mat-

Industrial Uses of Naval Stores

hold its annual meeting at Baltimore this

toon and C. A. Reed, has recently been is- The largest industrial consumption of year, in the latter part of May, the exact

sued. Copies may be obtained on request turpentine is the paint and varnish manu- date to be announced later. The Maryland

from the United States Department of Ag- facturers who took 4,089,743 gallons of Forestry Association will hold its annual

riculture. The circular gives a brief and the total industrial consumption of 5,045,- meeting at the same time.

practical discussion of when to plant, what 224 gallons. Other industries in the order

to plant-nuts or seedlings, how to plant, of their consumption of turpentine are:

Land Area for Food

and protection and pruning.

Shoe polish, 527,838 gallons; automobiles It takes more than 2 acres of crops to

and wagons, 80,953; sealing wax, pitch, in- produce food for an American, but it takes

The National Lumber Association has an- sulation and plastics, 70,236; chem!icals only 1 acre for a German, one-half an ac-re

nounced that the work of the National and pharmaceuticals, 70,185; shipyards, for a Chinese, and only one-fourth an acre

Lumber Trade Extension will be continued, car shops, 65,250; miscellaneous, 65,556; of land to feed a Japanese, according to

contracts sufficient to operate on a reduced foundries and foundry supplies, 27,144; Dr. 0. E. Baker, economist of the United

basis having been signed.

oils and greases, 21,776; soap, 10,539; States Department of Agriculture.

8

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

gia Marble Company was opened in 1892

MINERALS OF GEORGIA

and was operated five years by the Atlanta Marble Company.

Brief Accounts of Occurrences and Developments of the State's Leading Minerals

Physical Properties - Georgia marbles vary in texture from fine to coarse grained. The coarse grain varies from uniform

Reported by THE DIVISION OF GEOLOGY

white to dark, clouded and flesh-colored,

and has great strength and low absorbive

power.

MARBLES OF GEORGIA

below the quarry. This firm was succeeded There is probably no building stone in

by Rankin, Summy and Hurlick, two years this country that has gained such wide-

Number 1

later. In 1854, Summy and Hurlick erected spread use in recent years and has given

Georgia's marble output in 1930 reach- a mill of four gangs of saws at the old quar- such universal satisfaction as Georgia mar-

ed in value nearly $3,000,000. This output ries, two miles east of Jasper.

bles. The output of Georgia quarries is

originated at quarries in the mountain sec- The civil war came. The Jasper quarries third or fourth among the states. Produc-

tion of North Georgia. Commercial marbles were taken over by Robinson, Richardson tion h~s centered largely around Tate.

occur in a belt abput 60 miles long, run- and Besinger, who operated them for two Prior to 1891, the use of Georgia marble

ning southwest to northeast in Fannin, years. Then the quarries at this point re- was confined to interior finish and mon-

Pickens and Gilmer counties. In many in- mained idle until 1885, when James P. Har- uments. The first exterior use of import-

stances, the marbles form the floor of nar- rison and others formed the Perseverance ance was in constructing the Equitable

row valleys, but in others they form bold Marble Company.

Building of Atlanta. Now the stone is

bluffs 40 to 50 feet high on the sides of The era of real development of Georgia widely used for building purposes. The

ridges. Usually marble formation occurs marbles began with the construction of the state capitols of Minnesota, Rhode Island

as one line of outcropping, but in a few Marietta and North Georgia railroad, now and Porto Rico are made of Georgia mar-

places, notably in Pickens and Fannin a branch of the Louisville & Nashville rail- ble. Among other notable buildings con-

counties, there are two outcroppings, one road. The first large development, after structed of Georgia marble are the United

of which is inferior because of considerable the construction of the railroad, was by a States Government building at Boston, St.

impurities.

$1,500,000 concern, the present Georgia Luke's Hospital of New York, the Corcoran

History-In 1840, Fritz T. Simmons be- Marble Company, formed in 1884.

Art Gallery of Washington and the Field

gan quarrying on a small scale at Long- Previous to this time, Georgia marble was Museum of Natural History of Chicago.

swamp valley, near Tate, in Pickens coun- practically unknown as building stone, but At this time an effort is being made to

ty. His sole product was tombstones, and on account of the superior quality of the have the new postoffice building of At-

quarrying and polishing was done by hand, marble and the energy and businesslike lanta erected of Georgia marble.

but about two years later he erected a mill methods of this and other companies, it has

ROAD BUILDING STONE NOW IN ACTIVE DEMAND

Due to the enlarged program of highway

building in Georgia, stone for road build-

ing is in greater demand than ever before.

The annual value of the output of crushed

stone is now about $750,000, small and

large operations considered.

Practically all of the stone used for

foundations of paved roads in Georgia is

derived from granite and limestone, both

being high-class materials for this purpose.

The chief centers of production are

granite deposits near Stone Mountain and

Warrenton, North Georgia and limestone

deposits near Perry, South Georgia.

Aside from the stone that enters into the

construction of the body of the roadbed,

lime and shale provide cement, and sand

and gravel enter into the concrete mixture

of the finished roadbed. All of these ma-

terials are produced in Georgia; in fact,

Cherokee Quarry of Georgia Marble Works, Tate, Ga. This Is a Typical Deposit



of Georgia Marble.

few states are better supplied with roadbuilding material.

In addition to the materials used for the

and installed one gang of saws, near Mar- found its way into all parts of the United construction of paved roads and the bridges

ble Hill postoffice. A short time after- States.

and culverts associated therewith, clay

ward, a mill was built by Simmons and In 1885, the Southern Quarries, located plays ari important part in making sand-

Hurlick, two miles east of Jasper, which about four miles east of Tate, were opened clay roads of the coastal plain regions of

firm also did considerable quarrying near by Miles and Horne to supply marble used the south.

the present site of the Southern Marble in the staircases, wainscoting and floor of In North Georgia, dirt roads which run

Works.

the new Georgia State Capitol building. mainly over soils with considerable clay,

In 1850 Tate, Atkinson and Company The Piedmont Marble Company was are surfaced with "top soil," soil from

opened a quarry and erected two mills in formed in 1886, the quarries of which are woods or cultivated fields that contain

Pickens county, near the present site of the now owned by the Georgia Marble Com- enough organic matter to cause a degree of

Georgia Marble Works, one above and one pany. The Amicalola quarry of the Geor- cementing.