Forestry-geological review [Feb. 1932]

DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMEN

Vol. 2

ATLANTA, GA., FEBRUARY, 1932

No. 2

FORESTRY--GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

NEW MEMBER COMMISSION REORGANIZATION PLANS

J. M. MALLORY, SAVANNAH

NOW IN EFFECT

Enter Forestry-Geological Review. Exit The Commission of the Department of
Georgia Forest Lookout. This publication Forestry and Geological Development has Commission Outlines Plans for Divi-

has expanded out of the woods into t he a new member in the person of James M. sions of Forestry, Geology and

mines, quarries and other resources of a Mallory of Savannah. His appointment by Wood Pulp Research - Bonnell

geological nature. It is the organ of the new Department of Forestry and Geological Development instead of the Georgia

Stone Made Executive Secretary of Department of Forestry and Geo-

Forestry Division alone.

logical Development.

Being a successor to the Georgia For-

est Lookout, the volume and serial number

The year's work of the newly formed

of the Lookout are carried under the new

Department of Forestry and Geological De-

title. The purpose of the Review is to present
forestry and geological information in t he hope of stimulating interest and progress in the development of these two great n atural sources of wealth.
Attention will be called to the progress of research in paper pulp manufacture carried on under the direction of this department. It is hoped that information appearing in this publication about the school forestry project of the division of forestry will be helpful in furthering its development. State forest-parks, roadside demonstration forests, new mineral developments and other activities relating to the department will be given space.
The readers' cooperation will be welcom~>d inJlla.king this a publication replete with helpful information.-Editor.
OLD FOREST FIRE

J . M. MALLORY. SAVANN.,AH
NEWLY APPOINTED MEMBER OF THE COMMISSION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND
GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

velopment has been auspiciously launched. At a meeting of the Commission of Forestry and Geologic~! Development held January 2, S. W. McCallie was chosen secretary and C. A. Whittle, treasurer and editor. Governor Richard B. Russell, Jr. , is ex-officio .chairman. The Commission was organized into committees for supervising various phases of work as follows:
1. Committee on Finance, Alex K. Sessoms and J. Leonard Rountree.
2. Committee on Education and Utili-zation, C. B. Harman and member to be appointed.
3. Committee on Nursery, Forest Parks, Research, etc. , Mrs. M. E. Judd and member to be appointed.
Bonnell Stone was elected executive secretary to act in an advisory capacity in promoting and coordinating the work of forestry, geology and woodpulp research and work for establishing n ew industries in the state. Upon his election, Mr. Stone resigned as a member of the Commission.

LAWS WERE

SEVERE

Governo1' Richard B. Russell, Jr., has met

A budget covering three months' expenses of the main office of the Commis-

According to Dr. Alfred Lawrence Hall- with wide favor. The service of Mr. Mal- sion, the Forestry division, the division of

Quest, the Buddhists of Asia regarded lory to the state in the development, espe- Geology and the division of Wood Pulp

starting fires in the forest an atrocious cially of clays of south and middle Geor- Research was adopted.

crime. Forest fires were used as texts for gia, has brought this recognition.

The Commission did away with the of-

sermons. This was 400 to 500 years be- For several years Mr. Mallory has been fices of assistant state foresters and divid-

fore the Christian era.

industrial agent of the Central of Georgia ed the state into eight districts with a dis-

The Buddhists had various forms of pur- Railroad and a recognized authority on the trict forester in charge of each as follows:

gatory for eight cardinal sins, and each had state's resources. The Savannah News First district, Rome, W. D. Young.

16 subsidiary hells. The sixth of the eighth states editorially th~t no more fitting ap- Second district, Gainesville, Everett B.

major division was known as "Tapana", re- pointment could have been made. A num- Stone, Jr.

served for those who set fires to the for- ber of other papers have commented favor- Third district, Augusta, Charles N. El-

ests. The punishment for this sin con- ably on Mr. Mallory's appointment. His liott.

listed of impaling the malefactor on sticks appointment is for a term of six years be- Fourth district, Columbus, W. G. Wal-

and burning them.

ginning January 1, 1932.

lace.

2

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

Forestry-Geological Review INSTALLATION OF WOOD

LONGLEAF VERSUS SLASH

Published M<!nthly by the
DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY AND GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT

PULP LABORATORY

IN VALUE OF GUM
In the contribution to the Naval Stores

Review, Lenthall Wyman, of the Southern

State Capitol, Atlanta
C. A. WHITTLE, Editor Bonnell Stone, Oxford, Executive Secretary

Force Busy at Paper Research Plant at Savannah Putting Machinery in

Forest Experiment Station refers to data showing that the long-leaf pine produces more of the less valuable "scrape" than

Place With Much Work to Do Be- slash pine, saying: "A fair figure to use

Forestry Division

would be 24 percent scrape for longleaf

B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester______ Atlanta fore Operations Begin.

and 8 percent scrape for slash".

E. B. Stone, Jr., District Forester,

Using a figure of 75,000 pounds of dip

----------------------------------------------Gainesville H. M. Sebring, District Forester______ Macon C. B. Beale, District Forester______ Waycross

and scrape as a yield for a crop of both The paper research laboratories of the slash and longleaf, Mr. Wyman estimates

W. D. Young, District Forester__________Rome Department of Forestry and Geological De- that the value of the slash pine product

Jack Thurmond, District Forester,
-----------------------------------------------Savannah C. N. Elliott, District Forester______Augusta H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester....Albany

velopment are becoming a reality as fast as a corps of skilled men can install the equipment. How long it will take to com-

with turpentine at 5 cents a pound and one and one-third cents for rosin, the returns would be $4 6. 75 per crop greater

W. G. Wallace, District Forester.. Columbus Mrs. Nellie Nix Edwards, Clerk______Atlanta Mrs. R. S. Thompson, Stenographer Atlanta

plete the installation and get ready for operation, it was difficult to say in January. The machinery arrived about the middle

than longleaf. Using the ten-year average pric.es, the difference amounts to $79.
Quoting Mr. Wyman: "From these fig-

Geological Division

of January, was promptly unloaded and ex- ures it appears that slash has a distinct

S. W. McCallie, State GeologisL..Atlanta R. W. Smith, Asst. State Geologist,
----------------------------------------------------Atlanta G. W. Crickmay, Asst. State Geologist,

perts began work on the foundations in the building on which the machinery is to rest. No time is being lost in pushing the

advantage over longleaf because of its low scrape yield and in the management of turpentine timber it will pay to favor

----------------------------------------------------Atlanta Mrs. Blanche Ransom, Clerk __________Atlanta

installation of pletion.

equipment

to

speedy

com-

slash pine from this standpoint alone. Slash pines reach turpentining size sooner

Research Division, Savannah

Dr. Charles H. Herty, chemist in charge, than longleaf and yield a better grade of

Charles H. Herty______________Research Chemist George C. McNaughton ________Asst. Research Bruce Suttle__________________________ Plant Engineer

has gathered about him an enthusiastic and highly trained staff of men. Charles Mc-

rosin which are additional they should be preferred.

reasons

why

W. T. Allen ________________________________________Chemist Naughton, assistant research chemist, has

J. B. Osborne ________________________ Plant Assistant had many years of experience in paper SHALE AND BRICK

production in Wisconsin and will be in

CLAYS OF GEORGIA

Fifth district, Macon, H. M. Sebring.

charge when Dr. Herty is absent. W. T. The Ceramic Age reviewing Bulletin No.

Sixth district, Savannah, Jack Thurmond. Allen, native of Fort Valley, Georgia, 45, "Shales and Brick Clays of Georgia",

Seventh district, Waycross, 0. Bernard another member of the staff, is a chemist by Richard W. Smith, assistant state geol-

Beale.

with considerable experience in paper test- ogist, says in part: "This survey of the

Eighth district, Albany, H. D. Story, Jr. ing in the United States Bureau of Stand- shales and brick clays of Georgia fills a dis-

The Commission authorized the state ards and in other phases of paper research tinct need for a reference work on the sub-

forester to employ patrolmen during the work. Bruce Suttle is a skilled and expe- ject.

first three months of the year to aid un,.. rienced plant engineer. J. B. Osborne, "The first part of the book sets forth the

organized land owners to control fires. native of Atlanta, an engineer of wide ex- history of the industry, the physical prop-

One to three men are to be used in each perience, is plant assistant.

erties of the various clays, and their uses

of the eight districts. These patrolmen As is now generally known, the object while the second part covers the clays of

have since been employed.

of this research work is to determine essen- each of the counties in detail.

Provisions were made for increasing the tial facts about how to successfully make "Mr. Smith's work is of great value both

circulation of the Forestry-Geological Re- white paper from southern woods. Special to the general reader interested in the min-

view over its predecessor, the Georgia For- attention is first to be given to pines, the eral resources of Georgia and the ceramic

est Lookout. Appropriations were allotted most widely prevalent species of tree found manufacturer who may be considering the

to the state parks, to the state tree nursery in the state, and then to develop the pos- relative advantages of the various produc-

and to various miscellaneous expenses.

sibilities of using the most common hard- ing centers."

The main office of the Department of woods. The manufacture of newsprint is

Forestry and Geological Development is at the first objective.

Black gum has come into extensive use

425 State Capitol in one of the rooms hitherto occupied by the Georgia Forest Service.

Sympathetic coope!"ation is being offered by the United States Forest Products Lab-

especially in the Mississippi Valley for bridge flooring, cross ties, platforms, and floors for flat and gondola cars. The

oratory located at Madison, Wisconsin. Pa- .Southwestern Hardwood Manufacturers

WASHINGTON MEMORIAL

per manufacturers are showing keen in- Club gives reports of users of black gum

terest.

indicating entire satisfaction.

WALNUTS PLANTED The funds for the laboratory are derived

Walnuts provided by the American Tree from a special appropriation of $40,000 Dr. Frederick Bergins of Hanover Ex-

Association of Washington for planting to from the state, $50,000 from the Chemical perimental Laboratories, Germany, one of

grow Washington Memorial trees, were dis- Foundation, Inc., of New York City. A those receiving the Nobel prize in 1931,

tributed to 50 schools in north Georgia building, electricity, fuel, wood and other discovered methods whereby solid carbon

having sc'\J.ool forests, in January.

contributions are being made by the city fuels, such as coal and wood, may be con-

The walnuts will be planted on Febru- of Savannah. All these contributions con- verted into oils and other volatile liquids,

ary 22, the 200th anniversary of the birth stitute an expression of faith in Dr. Herty, adapted to heat and power production. Dr.

of Washington. All of the walnuts distrib- chemist, a native son of Georgia, who has Bergins has also discovered a method of

uted came from the estate in Virginia on urged development of research along this making sugar from wood, the sugar being

which Admiral Byrd was born and reared. line.

suitable for livestock consumption.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

FIRST DISTRICT W. D. Young, District Forester
Rome

While the trees show greatest individual secretary-treasurer of the' organization rates of growth where there are fewer reports that he has finished plowing the trees, the greatest amount of wood pro- furrows for the fire-breaks and is now bus duction is on the land with the thicker ily engaged in burning out the interven

growth because of their greater utilization ing strip. He says the plowed and burn

LOW FIRE LOSS

of the land. As the wider spaced trees be- ed type of fire-break has _proven most sat-

IN NORTH GEORGIA come larger they will make greater use of isfactory and easier to construct in this
Although North Georgia has experienced the land and would naturally be expected section.

one of the worst dry seasons during the to eventually produce more merchantable As we enter into the third year of pro

months of October and November, when wood in less time than the closer spaced tecting the timber from fire on this unit

the fire hazard was greater, very few fires stand.

in Liberty county, the outlook for a sue

occurred. Especially is this true of the The following figures are taken from the cessful season is indeed bright as more

protected areas. Each of these areas em- records:

members have entered the organization and

brace a minimum of 10,000 acres each and is a cooperative measure between the landowners and the Georgia Forest Service in fire protection.
Thirteen organizations of this nature are in North Georgia with a total area under protection of 416,728 acres. Out of this

No. Trees per acre
250 700 2,000
3,000 5,000

Average Increase

Per Tree

No. Cords In-

sq. in., DBH crease per A.

3.05

.09

2.55

.19

1.47

.26

1.48

.39

.66

.30

are cooperating in every way possible. Mr. Stafford the patrolman, has done
more toward preventing fire than just build fire-breaks, and patrol the area. He has visited each and every landowner and ex plained the work that he was trying to put over and obtained their help and coopera

total 34 fires occurred, 1,753 a5!res burned over, which in terms of percentage is only

FIFTH DISTRICT

tion. He has also written articles for the county paper, posted forest service signs

0.4 of one percent.

H. M. Sebring, District Forester over the land and carried on other educa

In view of the fact that the fire situation was extremely hazardous during the

Macon

tiona! work as well. He has slowly but surely aroused the people living in Liberty

long drouth, it is very encouraging to note Middle Georgia Audubon Society to the possibilities of growing timber as a

the interest in forest protection the or-

Sponsors Fire Protection

crop.

ganized landowners are taking as well as One of the major objectives of the Mid- Most of the land under protection here

the landowners outside of the protected dle Georgia Audubon Society of Macon is is practically: restocked with young Slash

areas. It seems to point to a general im- the conservation of wild life in general. seedlings and after the seed which were

provement in the protection record for The balance of all forms of wild life, that produced this year germinate the area will

this section.

nature formerly maintained, can best be re- be fully stocked with this most desirable

It is estimated that the area of forest established by maintaining forest condi- type of pine. All this has been accomplish-

land burned in October and November over tions adequate for the shelter and food re- ed by having an organization that really

North Georgia was not over 1 percent. quirements of the birds and wild animals. functions, a patrolman who has the abili-

This can be brought about chiefly through ty and incentive to carry on all the work

THIRD DISTRICT C. N. Elliott, District Forester

the destruction of certain vermin and the necessary for efficient forest protection,

prevention of woods fires.

and by having an organization that all the

The Audubon Society is interested in people in the county are proud of and boast

Augusta

Bibb and the surrounding counties, and is about.

LOBLOLLY PINE GROWTH

planning to launch an educational campaign in these counties. The campaign will stress

IN DRY YEAR, 1931 the importance of protecting the woods

Soperton School Forest Work
Impressive
The boys taking forestry at the Soper-

Sample plots of loblolly pine established from fire for the potential timber value, ton High School under Professor R. D.

in Newton county in the fall of 1930, show- the production of bird and animal life, the Pulliam are intensely interested in their

ed that fair growth could be made in an economic value of birds to the farmer, and work and every boy wants to win the trip

extremely dry year. The average age of the value of game to landowners.

to the summer camp this year.

these trees is approximately 7 years and Influential citizens and the press are They have constructed their fire-break

their height averaged 12 to 20 feet, the sponsoring the program of the Audubon around the School Forest, gathered seed

height growth having averaged 22 inches a Society and the results of their activities from both Longleaf and Slash pines, made

year.

should be of benefit to the section around a seed bed, and each boy has a home proj-

The plots were all on the same type of Macon. The society meets on the second ect to work on when he is away from

land, red clay-loam of ridge tops and Sunday of each month in the Mercer Uni- school. He learns how to do the work at

slopes. By aid of the cooperating land- versity Library building. Prof. Carver of school on that forest and then puts it into

owner, the plots were kept free of fire. Mercer is president and was instrumental practice on his home project.

The plots were thinned to the rate of in outlining the program of the society.

250, 700, 2,000, 3,000 and 5,000 per acre. Observations were made in December, 1931. As would be expected, the rate of individual tree growth was greatest where the number of trees was fewest and least where the number was greatest. On the plot having 5,000 trees per acre, several were found dead and dying. Even under

Twenty-five Pumps Placed

SIXTH DISTRICT Jack Thurmond, District Forester

Twenty-five Indian fire pumps were distributed from the Division of Forestry office in Savannah during November and De-

Savannah

cember to various landowners in District

6 and orders are coming in now for more.

New Members in Liberty T. P. 0. These pumps may be obtained for $5.75

The Liberty c.ounty T. P. 0. has three each and every landowner should have at

normal climatic conditions, one would ex- new members and this new membership in- least one pump on hand at all times.

pect some trees on the thicker plots to be creases the acreage 1800 acres. Mr. W.

suppressed and die, and under drouth con- F. Gill, Mr. H. C. Saunders and Mr. Wal- The demand for loblolly pine and black

ditions this tendency would be expected to lace Mills were the men admitted.

locust seedlings have been greater than ':he

be accentuated.

Mr. w. I. Stafford -the patrolman and supply of the State Tree Nur~e:~ .

4

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

SEVENTH DISTRICT C. Bernard Beale, District Forester
Waycross

Crowded stands of young slash pine, SCHOOLS GATHER

15-20 feet in height, are being thinned out

FIRE STATISTICS

to about 300 trees per acre, and in addition

to thinning, the lower limbs are being Report cards for use in collecting forest

pruned. Mr. Gaskins has about 5,000 acres fire statistics have been sent to all the vo-

Fire Break Demonstrations
Six fire break demonstrations with the
Hester 5-disc plow and Caterpillar tractor

of fully stocked saplings, a splendid testimonial to his efforts in keeping out fires.

cational agricultural schools of the state which are carrying on the forestry project. Over one hundred schools will list the' fires

were held in this district the first part of

in their territory, their causes and the area

January. The demonstrations were attend-

EIGHTH DISTRICT

burned over. some of these schools re-

ed by many interested landowners, all of H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester ported on areas as large as 50 square miles.

whom voiced their approval of the thor-

Albany

ough work done with this outfit.

The demonstrations were made possible LARGE FIRE SIGNS OF

Last year these schools covered 2,619,313 acres, reporting 176,000 acres burned over, or 7 percent.

through the cooperation of the State Highway Board in furnishing tractors at each

On

REYNOLDS BROTHERS
their protected lands Reynolds

The students attending the consolidated rural schools are assembled by buses from

point, and the Hester Plow Company, Brothers Lumber Company, Albany, have miles around each school and the school

Messrs. Arthur Peacock, representing the Burgmon Tractor Equipment Company of Jacksonville, and Clarence Miles of the Yancey Tractor Company were present and assisted at each demonstration.
Mr. Peacock has three tractor and plow units operating in Wayne, Appling and Brantley counties, where considerable mileage of this type of break is being constructed.

placed large fire signs 7 by 2 feet in size, on their Pine Island property, as one of their forest fire protective measures. The protected property is enclosed by a fence and at each of the six entrances a sign is placed.
The wording on the signs is excellent in its appeal and is neatly displayed. One of the signs reads as follows: "Fire Destroys Growing Timber - Pasturage - Soil Fer-

territory is divided up among the students who make reports. The accuracy of the reports are checked by the vocational teacher. The data is used by the state forester in computing the fire statistics of the state.
The division of forestry follows up the student fire reports by sending literature on fire prevention to each person reported as having had a forest fire.

Mr. A. K. Sessoms of Cogdell, Consoli- tility - Live Stock and Wild Game. Please dated T. P. 0., has purchased a tractor and help us 'protect this 21,000 acres under

Black Locust Has Many Uses

plow and is having his lands thoroughly fence. The entire community will profit Black locust is a 4-purpose tree, says the

cross-sectioned with these breaks.

thereby. Thanks. Reynolds Bros. Lum- United States Forest Service. It quickly

ber Co."

produces good timber for posts and other

Three Patrol Districts Established on

uses; it roots strongly, thereby checking

Unorganized Land

soil erosion; its flowers enable bees to

Three forest patrolmen have been em-

make a good quality of honey; and it is a

ployed in the Seventh Forest District and

legume. The nodules on its roots store ni-

have been assigned routes in unorganized

trogen in the soil, enriching it for future

districts.

crops. In addition, it is a tree of beauty

L. H. Dixon, who has actively promoted

and is valuable for shade.

T. P. 0. work in Pierce county, is working

in Patrol District No. 1, embracing Pierce,

VERY LARGE LONGLEAF

Bacon, northern Ware, and eastern Cof-

PINE NEAR EASTMAN

fee counties. His headquarters are at Alma. R. D. Franklin, graduate of the Univer-
sity of Georgia Forest School, is patrolman in Patrol Dist. No. 2, covering Ben Hill,

H. C. Allen, Eastman, Georgia, recently felled a huge longleaf pine in Dodge county. It measured 16 feet in circumference

Irwin, and western Coffee counties. Franklin has his headquarters at Fitzgerald.

SAMPLE OF FIRE SIGN ERECTED BY THE REYNOLDS BROS. COMPANY, ALBANY

at 4 feet from the ground. In its 70 feet of merchantable timber the tree scaled

T. H. Brown, also graduate of the Georgia Forest School, is stationed in Patrol Dist. No. 3, covering Berrien, northwestern Atkinson, Cook and northern Lowndes counties, with headquarters at Nashville.
Both Messrs. Brown and Franklin have spent two summers in the West on National forests, where they found out what fires are like.
All of the patrolmen are having plenty to do and are rendering effective service in organizing attacks on fires and spotting them while they are "young".

Writing concerning the signs, Reynolds Brothers Lumber Company states: "Our purpose in putting these up is primarily to sell our neighbors on the idea of fire prevention and game preservation and secondarily to advertise to the traveling public just what they have."
The Pine Island Timber Protective Organization has completed constructing firebreaks and so far has had only about 275 acres burned over, most of this resulting from letting the fire get out of hand while burning firebreaks.

practically 5,000 feet board measure. A count of the annual rings in the stump
showed that the tree was practically 175 years old.
The butt cut consisting of a 14-foot log was cut into four sections each 12 by 12 inches. The second cut log 26 feet long made four pieces each 8 by 16 inches. The lumber the tree produced would make a fair-sized house.
Mr. Allen hauled the logs with heavy duty trucks. Special equipment was required to saw them. Saw mill men had hitherto failed to take this tree because

Gaskins Thinning a Thousand Acres

Plans for Forestry Camp

they were not equipped to handle it.

J. Henry Gaskins, enthusiastic member Plans for the summer forestry camp The timber from the tree was sold to a

of the Gaskins T. P. 0. in Berrien county, were inaugurated in January at a confer- railroad, the inspector classifying it as

is having a thousand acres of his lands ence of Paul Chapman and L. M. Sheffer "Strictly longleaf yellow pine". The tree

thinned this winter. Mr. Gaskins is doing of the vocational department, and State had very fine grain with sharp contrast in

this work with the advice and suggestions Forester B. M. Lufburrow, C. A. Whittle color of spring and summer wood, and had

of W. B. Bates, vocational teacher at Nash- and C. N. Elliott, of the division of for- a heavy heartwood with pith almost invisi-

ville.

estry.

ble.

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

5

I

-

LUMBER PRODUCTION

VALUE OF GEOLOGICAL

ELLIOTT OPENS OFFICE

GEORGIA FOR 1930

PRODUCTS OF GEORGIA

IN AUGUSTA DISTRICT

The Bureau of Commerce, Washington,

recently issued reports on lumber produc- Mineral Products Valued at Approx- C. N. Elliott, Covington, recently trans-

tion in 1930. The year showed a decrease from 1929, when it was 1,386,250,000 board feet, because of the business depression. The record is as follows:
Number of saw mills in operation, 1,202.

imately $15,000,000 and Wa.ter ferred from the position of assistant direc-

Power Income $14,000,000 in 1930

tor of Education to district forester in the Augusta district, will make his headquar-

-Marble and Slate Lead in Min- ters in Augusta as soon as arrangements

eral Values.

can be made. His district consists of Rich-

Board feet cut, 753,484,000.

mond, Burke, Hancock, Taliaferro, Putnam,

Board feet soft wood cut, 632,564,000. Board feet hardwood cut, 120,920,000. One mill cut 15,000,000 board feet.

The State Geological Survey not only lo- Jefferson, Newton, Warren, McDuffie, Cocates the commercial resources of mine~ lumbia, Lincoln, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Mad-
als and water power of the state, but it ison, Elbert, Hart and Clarke counties.

Each of four mills cut 10,000,000 board makes annual reports on the value of their

feet.

output. The report for 1930, the last year

Each of fifteen mills cut 5,000,000 board for which a complete report has been made,

Piney Woods Rooters

feet.

gives the value of minerals developed at A story told by State Forester Sondereg-

Each of 158 mills cut 1,000,000 board $15,133,174 and water power at $14,202,- ger of Louisiana at the meeting of state

feet.

160, a total of $29,336,934.

foresters is that an 80-pound razor back

Each of 34 mills cut 500,000 board feet. The value of the various outputs of min- hog was killed in Louisiana, from which 50

The softwood lumber was cut from yel- erals given below show both the nature and pounds of turpentine, 30 pounds of meat

low pine and cypress, mostly pine.

extent of the income :

and 5 pounds of lard were obtained.

The hardwood production in the order of their importance was red gum, yellow poplar and oak.

Asbestos, coal ......................... ... $ 27,903 Baryte ............... ........................... 230,769
Bauxite and Portland Cement .. .. 1,732,227 Clay, raw .................................... 2,061,209

When his attention was called to the fact that the products totalled more than the original weight of the hog, his reply

The report showed an output of 99,267 , Clay products-- ---- -------------- ------- -- 2,474,111 was "You don't know the razor back hog".

000 lath and 32,466,000 shingles.

Fullers earth and Manganese ...... 2,474,137

?r~~ni~~e--:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 1,~~~:i~~

AFTER-EFFECT OF DROUTH

Lime and Limestone ....... ........... 428,715 Marble and Slate ........................ 2,999,910

Kiwanis Club Adds Forestry

ON

PINE

GUM

YIELD

Mica, Gold, Talc and Soapstone Mineral Waters (estimated) ....

97,351 30,000

To Activities

According to the Naval Stores Review, Sand and Gravel ........... ............. 228,396 Waycross Kiwanis club has added a new

experienced naval stores operators say that The year 1930 felt the business depres- local activity to its list and appointed a

after a prolonged drouth, such as was ex- sion and showed a decrease in the value Forestry Committee which is to promote

perienced in 1931, the yield of gum the of minerals and water power production, forestry development. Waycross is in the

following year is reduced. The theory is amounting to $6,772,854 as compared to heart of a great pine region and is always

that the vitality of the tree has been low- 1929.

manifesting an interest in forestry.

ered for the.time by the prolonged drouth.

It may be added that since the water storing capacity of a soil is lowered by burning off the forest floor, it would be expected that the effect of the drouth would ordinarily be severer on burned than unburned areas.

CHEMICALS USED IN

PAPER MANuFACTURE

In the manufacture of woodpulp, the following are the main chemicals used: Sulphur, limestone, soda ash, liquid chlorine, salt cake and common salt.

In the manufacture of paper from wood-

pulp the following are the leading chemicals used: Soda ash, alum, clay, dyes, as-

MEMBERS OF COMMISSION FORESTRY AND GEOLOGY STAFF

phalt, rosin, caustic soda, lime, liquid chlo- During a conference of members of the ecutive secretary; Mrs. R. S. Thompson,

rine and bleaching powder.

forestry staff in the forestry office on Jan- stenographer; Alex Sessoms, chairman of

The rural consolidated high school at Blackwell in Cobb county has established a school forest. Professor W. M. Putney is the vocational teacher in charge.
In getting acquainted with the duties of his office as executive secretary, Bonnell Stone made a trip with J . M. Mallory to

uary 5, the photographer of an Atlanta paper took a shot of the group in the state forester's office with the above result.
Among the foresters is one member of the Commission, Alex K. Sessoms, Cogdell, G~.; Bonnell Stone, executive secretary of the Commission, and the State Geologist, S. W. McCallie.

the Finance Committee of the Commission; S. W. McCallie, state geologist; Mrs. N. N. Edwards, secretary to the state forester.
Second row: C. A. Whittle, treasurer and editor; Everett B. Stone, Jr., Gainesville; Jack Thurmond, Savannah; C. Bernard Beale, Waycross; W. G. Wallace, Columbus; W. D. Young, Rome; H. M. Sebring, Macon; Charles N. Elliott, Augusta;

the middle Georgia clay operations in Jan- The names, reading from left to right, H. D. Story, Jr., Albany; B. M. Lufbur-

uary.

front row, are: Bonnell Stone, Oxford, ex- row, state forester, Atlanta.

6

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

WITH THE PRESS

methods that will save the valuable pine GUM FROM BURNED

timber lands from destruction at the hands

LONGLEAF PINE

of the red menace, an ingenious plan of

Stimulating Interest in Forestry
While interest in forestry is increasing some plan might be devised which would further speed up the interest. We would like to see the Chamber of Commerce, or some other civic organization, offer a loving cup and perhaps a modest cash prize to the farmer in the district having the best stand of forest kept in a state nearest to that recognized as ideal by the state forestry department. The cup might be competed for annually by the farmers.
This should broadcast the advantages of giving more attention to farm woodlands

"selling fire breaks by the mile" has been launched in the Waycross district.
Using a "thirty" crawler type tractor and a five-disc plow, an outfit is now operating in southeast Georgia, constructing firebreaks at $3 per mile, according to District Forester C. B. Beale, with headquarters in Waycross.
While the work is not being done by the Georgia Forest Service, but is strictly a private enterprise, the type of work has met the approval and recommendation of the Forest Service staff, according to Mr. Beale.-Quitman Free Press.

How long does it take for a longleaf pine to come back in gum production after a forest fire?
Dr. Eloise Gerry, of the United States Forest Service, who studies the gum production of pines in the south, reports some results with longleaf where foliage was burned, and found that it took three years to get back to normal. The following is a quotation of the summary of her studies:
"A winter fire, which killed the foliage but not the buds of a group of 10 young longleaf pines, resulted in a loss in the turpentined stand of over 50 percent of the test trees, either by killing them out-

and teach' farmers how they can improve

right or by causing them to cease to exude

their own forests, and care for them.- South Georgia's Timber Outlook oleoresin.

Columbus Enquirer-Sun.

South Georgia, lying in an area where "The trees that survived the scorching

the pine reproduces with amazing rapidity showed a markedly reduced yield of oleoe-

uA Romance of the Old South" and comes to a maturity where it can be resin in the first year after the fire. They,

Stays in Demand

both turpentined and used for paper pulp however, recovered so that the yield of

As" showing the widespread interest in with a much shorter time than in any other oleoresin per streak per tree increased dur-

the naval stores industry, it is pointed out section in the world, should materially prof- ing the next two years even under the ex-

that the little pamphlet issued by Mr. H. J. it by reforestation. The time will come ploitation of ordinary commercial turpen-

Rolls, of the Rolls Chemical Company, Buf- when the people of South Georgia will find tining. During the second and third years

falo, N. Y., entitled "A Romance of the the various products of the forest the sur- after the fire the scorched trees that sur-

Old South," telling briefly the story of the est, most stable and possibly the largest vived, yielded tree for tree practically as

production of turpentine and rosin in the source of their income.

much oleoresin as unscorched trees.

South, has had a wide circulation and is Proper reforestation and proper meth- "The damage done by the scorching of

being continually called for by those who ods of protection for the wide acreage now the tops of the trees was plainly evident

desire to be better posted about this, the devoted to forests will return large divi- in the structure above the turpentined face

oldest of American industries. The naval dends in years to come.-Valdosta Times. in the injured trees, where the enfeebled

stores industry has too long kept its light

wood formation was markedly less than the

"under a bushel," and probably its trou-

Success of Arbor Day

wood formation in the unscorched trees.

bles may be to some extent due to that fact. "A Romance of the Old South" helps to educate.-Naval Stores Review.
Forest Revenue
The fact that forests are as capable of

The very general observance of Arbor Day in the public schools yesterday and by others who are interested in having the City of Savannah retain its designation as the Forest City was most pleasing and in every way commendable.

This reduction consisted chiefly of missing annual growth rings, poorly developed summer wood, and reduced oleoresin-yielding tissue. Yet these enfeebled trees, which survived the 1927 scorching and responded to commercial turpentining in 1928 and 1929 with a comparatively high yield of

yielding revenue as are other products of It is a very fine thing to plant a tree and oleoresin, were able also to make an appre-

the soil has led to such a vast depletion of it is equally as fine to instill into the minds ciable gain in wood formation in 1929, thus

Georgia's timber resources that the Geor- of the youngsters in the public schools the giving a striking demonstration of the po-

gia Forestry Department's work of forest idea of beautifying the surroundings thru tential energy and recuperative power of

conservation, has had an uphill fight for the addition of growing things that make longleaf pine."

recognition, since profit has been counted gardens and yards and playgrounds more

chiefly in the felling of trees to be sent beautiful as the years pass. The natural

to the sawmills.

bent of youth is too strongly in the direc- RESULTS OF LOWER

The Georgia State Forestry Department tion of destruction; to carry to the juvenile

CHIPPING REPORTED

reveals the fact that the total revenue from mind the belief that it is better to foster Dr. Eloise Gerry of the, Forest Products

products cut from Georgia forests in 1929 and build and develop than to tear down Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, has issued

amounted to more than $60,000,000; but implants such thoughts at a time when an a bulletin entitled "Improvement in the

wholesale destruction of timber growths impression is made that lasts throughout Production of oleoresin Through Lower

has been shown by experience in many re- not alone the youth, but the more mature Chipping." The results of considerable

gions to be a positive lack of thrift, while years of the pupils whose thoughts are di- work by Miss Gerry in the South is re-

forest conservation has been demonstrated rected thus. Trees planted in school yards corded in this bulletin. The main fact is

to be profitable under wise direction.

amid a ceremony in which the pupils have that she has shown that lower chipping,

Georgia has the largest timbered area of a part make such events memorable in the that is, narrower streaks, are more eco-

any state in the Union, with a total of more minds and memories of the young actors nomical than the "streak" ordinarily cut

than 23,000,000 acres, and if our people who participate in the planting.

by the turpentine operators. The total

are wise they will take all necessary steps Joyce Kilmer was right when he said yield of a tree is greater and the operations to present its diminution.-Atlanta Geor- only God can make a tree, but we mortals are extended longer because less "face" is

gian.

can take a tree that God through His good- covered each year.

ness has made and place it where its use-

ttSelling" Fire Breaks

fulness will be much enhanced and magni- Fires not only destroy -food for quail but

Following the disastrous attack of forest fied. And_ to see that this is done is one they remove their coverage so that their

fires in South Georgia, which has brought of the offices of Arbor Day.-Savannah natural enemies, hawks, foxes, etc., play

a new and increasing interest in protective Press.

havoc with them:

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

7

WASHINGTON TREE

DR. HERTY HONORED

SALE CITY BOY IS DOING

MEMORIALS URGED

BY CHEMICAL SOCIETY PRACTICAL FORESTRY WORK

The American Tree Association has been

urging the planting of trees as a memorial American Chemical Society Awards Bill Crosby Says Every High School

to George Washington on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth this

Medal to Georgian for Outstanding Contributions to Science.

Boy Should Be Interested in Trees.

year. Wide-spread interest has been creat-

ed and already a vast number of trees have been planted.

The American Institute of Chemists has

(From Albany Herald)

In Georgia a number of trees have been designated Dr. Charles H. Herty to receive SALE CITY, Jan. 23.- "Every high

planted and many more will be planted a medal of award for "noteworthy and school boy in Georgia should be interested

during February. Schools should sponsor outstanding service to the science and pro- in growing trees," says Bill Crosby, student

the planting of Washington trees on the fession of Chemistry in America". This of vocational agriculture in Sale City

school grounds or near by. Appropriate announcement was recently made by Fred- Schools. His statement is being borne out

exercises should be conducted.

erick E. Breitu, president of the institute. by the work he is doing on his home farm.

Most of the plantings are of the shade Last year the medal was awarded An- Bill is carrying on quite a bit of practical

tree species. Water oaks, willow oaks, live drew M. Mellon and his brother, Richard forest work on his home farm, including

oaks, sycamores, yellow poplars, red gums, B. Mellon, and among other recipients in protecting his father's forest land from

pines of all kinds native to the state, red previous years were George Eastman and fires, building of a pine seed bed and carry-

buds, black locust, cedars, hackberry, are Mr. and Mrs. Francis P. Garvan.

ing on a forest project of five acres.

among desirable native trees for planting. The hardwoods can be successfully plant-
ed when fairly good sized but the pines and cedars must be planted when very small and with particular care. Instructions about planting pines and hardwoods can be obtained from the Division of Forestry

Dr. Herty, as is well known to Georgians, is a native of this state, a graduate of the University of Georgia, former member of the state university faculty; developer of the Herty cup that revolutionized the turpentine industry and is now in charge of research work in wood pulp from southern

In protecting his father's forest from fire, Bill has built fire breaks sufficient to protect the woodland. This was done by raking and burning a strip 30 feet wide around the places offering the greatest danger to fire.

at the State Capitol.

wood for which a laboratory has been es- In order to have a sufficient amount of

It will be unfortunate if proper care is tablished with funds provided by the state young pine for planting, Bill has made a

not taken in planting memorial trees. A and the Chemical Institute Incorporated, pine seed bed which will supply him several

dead memorial tree, of course, is a travesty. of New York.

thousand plants. For doing this he collected

Those who contemplate plantings are urged Important discoveries indicating the 20 pounds of slash and longleaf mass last

to get thrifty trees, take good care that adaptability of slash pine to the manufac- fall.

their roots do not dry out; plant in an opening big enough not to cramp the roots; prune the trees properly and otherwise follow good practices.

ture of white paper is among his achievements. He was formerly president of the American Chemical Society and has promoted a number of legislative movements

The five acre plot that Bill has as his forest project is part of an old field and has a good stand of slash pine on a part of it. On this he has thinned to a uniform

to foster chemical advancement in this stand the part where young pines are grow-

Barren Fire Breaks

country.

ing. On this part he has also estimated the

The Michigan Conservation Department The Department of Forestry and Geolog- value of marketable size trees. On the part

has begun actual tests with a chemical mix- ical Development of Georgia is, of course, not containing a stand, he is planting young

ture that it is claimed will keep fire breaks proud to have one so honored on its staff. pine trees according to the specifications of

free of vegetation so that they will not have

the Georgia Forest Service.

to be renewed every year. The material Farmers Week at the State College of Besides his forest project work, Bill car-

is the outcome of several years' experi- Agriculture at Athens, emphasized forestry ries on a project work as a part of his agri-

ment. Information will not be made pub- in land utilization. Most of the speakers culture course. He takes a very active part lic until the present tests are completed. dealing with the subject proposed tree in the local Chapter of F. F. G. It will be

planting for idle acres.

well to remember that Bill was the cham-

WHITE PAPER MAKING IN SOUTH DISCUSSED

Prominent T. P. 0. Member

pion peanut grower of the United States, winning the sweepstakes prize at the Chicago International as a 4-H Club boy.

On January 28, Dr. Charles H. Herty, It looks like a prominent member of a who directs the chemical research in paper Timber Protective Organization of Geor-

manufacture under the Department of For- gia will be a candidate for president of the ADVOCATES CONVICTS

estry and Geological Development, at the United States. The Honorable Franklin D.

laboratory at Savannah, spoke before the Roosevelt is referred to.

FOR REFORESTATION

.Technical Division of the Canadian 'Pulp and Paper Association at Montreal. The

The Manufacturers Record, Baltimore,

subject assigned for his address was. "Man-

Forest Fire Pumps

has recently advocated the use of convicts

ufacture of White Paper in the South."

At each of the following forestry offices, for reforestation and says in the course of

forest fire pumps shipped on consignment its discussion:

A farmer sitting on his porch was watch-- by manufacturers, can be purchased at a "Convict labor recently was used by

ing a forest fire on his neighbor's land. A cost of $5.7 5. These are 5-gallon pumps Pennsylvania in reforesting a large area in

forest fire patrolman rushed up and asked, fully equipped. A number have already the neighborhood of the Western Pennsyl-

"Why ain't you fighting the fire?"
"Not on my land," said the farmer. "It will make your well go dry," said the
~atrolman.

been sold.
"Seedlings planted so that their tap roots curl up, are much more likely to die than

vania State Penitentiary. Such public work, offering the least competition to free labor, should be of great value in the carrying on of a conservation and development program

The farmer reached for a hoe and lit those with their tap roots straight," says that otherwise could not be done under

,out for the fire.

B. F. Grant of the State Tree Nursery. prevailing conditions."

8

FORESTRY-GEOLOGICAL REVIEW

SPRING FIRE SEASON

STUCKEY AND NEWTON

just south of Oak Hill cemetery what is

WORST OF YEAR

PROMOTE FORESTRY known as the oldest plot of planted loblolly
pines in the entire United States. In this

work of artificial planting, Mr. Newton is
Farmers Careless in Burning Around Pioneer Work in Reforestation in said to be Number Two in Spalding county

Fields in Late Winter and Spring, Spalding County-Oldest Loblolly while in Pike county where he also has a

Let Fires Get Into the Woods.

Pine Plantation in State.

farm, he is said to rank as Number One in this line. He is practicing progressive for-

The late winter and spring months are times of danger for the forests. In preparing for breaking land many farmers are accustomed to burn off the previous season's debris, and to clean up around the

(From Griffin News) Two prominent Griffin men-Will Hill Newton and Dr. H. P. Stuckey-have received high commendation from state and federal forestry officials for their splendid

estry methods and reforestation. He already has several areas of longleaf pine, artificially reforested several years ago, and some of his seedlings have now attained a height of five or six feet.

edges of '.fields with fire . This is why more activities during recent years in reforesta- Mr. Newton plans his work from year to

forest fires are started in late winter and tion and forest conservation.

year and is looking forward to continuing

spring than at any other time.

Mr. Newton is one of the pioneers in the this good work in the near future. It is to

If farmers find it necessary to do any burning, it will not require much effort to confine the flames to the fields. Instead of starting fires at the borders of the field

reforesting movements in the state and Dr. Stuckey, director of the Experiment Station here, has given the cooperation of himself and the experiment station toward

be hoped that more people will become interested in the utilization of worn-out land for this purpose of raising timber and its products.

the trash to be burned can be drawn into furthering the movement.

t he open so that the fire will not spread A special federal f und of $5,000 annually

flames into the woods.

to finance plantings of white and Chinese

chestnuts in north Georgia as an experi-

Forestry Society Officers
At the annual meeting of the American

Field fires should be watched. Too often ment was secured largely through efforts Society of Foresters held in New Orleans

they are started late in the afternoon and of Dr. Stuckey and Georgia friends of during the Christmas holidays, the follow-

are not watched until they are out. What forestry.

ing officers were elected to serve for 1932

at times looks like a safe fire may suddenly Mr. Newton, with the cooperation of the and 1933:

become a menace by a breeze that whips up forestry division of the State College of President-M. C. Granger, Forest Serv-

sudd enly. The safest way is to consider all Agriculture and the personal assistance of ice, Washington, D. C.

field fires dangerous until they are com- Dupre Harrett, extension forester, is now Vice-President-John D. Guthrie, Forest

pletely out.

planting 22,000 seedlings of longleaf and Service, Portland, Oregon.

Not only is carelessness in handling field slash pine on several of his farms in Spald- Council Members for four years-E. L.

fires too frequent but worse still is the ing county.

Demmon, Southern Forest Experiment Sta-

widespread indifference to the "fire after it A special 10-acre plot just south of Grif- tion, New Orleans, La.; C. F. Korstian, Duke

gets into the woods. The growth of trees is fin, with 1,640 feet of road frontage has University, Durham, N. C.; Hugo Winken-

set back if the trees are not killed out- just been planted in longleaf pine seedlings werder, University of Washington, Seattle,

right, the fertility of the soil is impaired, and is a special gesture in connection with Wash.; A. F. Hawes, State Forester, Hart-

the regular flow of streams is lessened- the national bicentennial movement next ford, Conn.

everybody loses and n o one gains.

month in honor of George Washington.

It will doubtless be appropriate to repro-

Honor Washington

T. G. Woolford, president of the Georgia

duce here Georgia's Forest Fire Law. It is Mr. Newton is one of the pioneers of the Forestry Association, was recently advanced

as fo ll ows:

reforesting movement in Georgia. Some from the presidency of the Atlanta Retail

EXTRACT FROM CODE OF GEORGIA LAW 1910

thirty-odd years ago, Captain Seaton Grant- Credit Company to chairmanship of the land, father of Mrs. Wilbur Barnes, planted board of this important concern.

As Amended Aug. 8th, 1927

ARTICLE 2

Firing the Woods.

SEC. 227. WHO MAY. No person but a

resident of the county where the firing is

done, owning lands therein, or domiciled

thereon, outside of any town incorporation,

shall set on fire any woods, land or marshes,

nor shall such persons, except between the

first of February and the first of March

a n n u a l l y.

'

SEC. 228. NOTICE. When such person
shall desire to set fire within a said time, he shall notify all persons who occupy lands adjoining him, by residence thereon, or cul-
tivation, or enclosur e of any portion of the tract or settlement, of the day and hour of
the firing, at least one day prior thereto. Such notice need not be given if, on sudden emergency, due caution should require fir-
ing to render one's premises safe.

SEC. 229. PENALTY. Any person set- .

ting fire violation of the preceding sec-

tions shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

SEC. 230. PENALTY FOR LETTING

STUDENTS LEARNING TO ESTIMATE STANDING TIMBER

WOODS CATCH, ETC. Persons, either by One of the activities of the vocational standing timber.

themselves or agents, who permit fire to students of rural consolidated schools hav- The above is a photograph of a group

get into the woods, lands, or marshes, through neglect, are within the meaning of the three preceding sections.

ing an agricultural vocational teacher and a school forest, is estimating the volume of

of students making estimates of the board feet of standing timber in a school forest.