Georgia forest lookout [June 1931]

Volume 1

ATLANTA, GA., JUNg, 1931

Number 6

FRENCH SYSTEM OF

]. LEONARD ROUNTREE WINNERS OF SUMMER CAMP

TURPENTINING INTRODUCED

Forestry Leader

SCHOLARSHIPS ANNOUNCED

One of the pioneers in forestry in Geor-

First

Commercial

Trial

on

Brunswick

gia is J. Leonard Rountree, Summit, Georgia. It was he who, as a member of the

Interest

Was

Keen

and

Many

Excel-

Peninsula Company Lands-Dif- State Legislature, introduced the bill that lent Examination Papers Were Sub-

ference of French and American created the state's department of forest- mitted-Camp July 27-Aug. 15.

Methods Explained.

ry. From the first, he has been a member

Four crops of turpentine timber, worked according to the French system of turpentining, have been recently installed by Col. R. E. Benedict, forester, on several tracts of the Brunswick Peninsula Company lands in Glynn and Ware counties.
The entire operation of chipping the
trees and dipping the gum will be handled by one man for each crop. The crop will consist of about 6,000 cups each. Each turpentine farmer will live near the tract of timber to be worked. and in addition to farming the timber, will have a vegetable garden and a small feed crop in connection with raising livestock for which purpose each farm will be eventually fenced.
The French system employs a very narrow fa~e or wound on the trees, being only 8 1-2 ~nches in width. The chipping is ?one With a tool resembling the old-fashIOned "hogow". Chief distinctions be-

of the Georgia State Board of Forestry, which board directs the Georgia Forest Service.
Mr. Rountree is a large land owner, a sawmill and turpentine operator and a large farmer. Previous to introducing the bill that created the department of forestry, as a legislator he had sought to enact laws regulating the size of trees to be turpentined and had been aggressive in promoting the timber and naval stores interests of the state.
Mr. Rountree has given consideration to the problem of forest taxation and is among those who believe that tax on forest lands must be revised to promote timber growing in Georgia.
In view of his interest in forestry and his continuous activity in this field, it is with pleasure that his likeness is added to the gallery of pioneers in Georgia forestry which has been displayed in the Georgia Forest Lookout.

A. contest for scholarships in a forestry summer camp at Young Harris College July 27-August 15, has been concluded in nearly one hundred rural consolidated high schools of the state.
The examination questions were prepared by the G>orgia Forest Service an<! the papers submitted by students have been graded by representatives of that or-
ganization who express themselves as bemg well pleased with the results.
One scholarship is given to a student in each cou,tty having a vocational agricni tural school and school iorest. Other students of these schools who have made good grades in the test are entitled to attend the camp by paying their own expenses.
The three weeks' camp is in general charge of the Department of Vocational Agriculture of the State, with the Georgia Forest Service conducting the forestry work. Students who attend camp will

tween the ordinary American face and the

be taught tree identification, timber cruis-

Fr?nch face are: A French face is 2 to 4 tnches wide; an American, 6 to 14 inches in width. The French face is arched at the top; the American face has a V_ shaped peak. The amount of wood surface fre~hened every week by chipping is 5 ito 7 mches long and 4 inches wide
whereas the American face only has ~ fre~hened surface after chipping of 8 or ;~ Inches and only 1-2 inch wide. Only a
In shaving of wood , often less tha~ 1-4 ~nch thick is taken off in chipping a French ace, whereas a stout chip of wood often 1-2. b.y 3-4 m. ehes I.S removed m. Am' en.can chIppmg.

ing, forest management and uses of woods

much of the work to be done in the forest'

Excursions are to be made to paper mills:

rayon plant, tannic acid plant, logging op-

erations, saw mills and also to the Great

Smoky Mountain National Park.



The four highest grades made by stu-

dents are, in their order: Marvin Lloyd

Chamblee High School, DeKalb county;

Horace Ayres, 4th District A. and M.

School, Carrollton, Carroll county; Fulton

Morey, Sale City High School, Mitchell

county; Ezra Taylor, Vidalia High School

Toombs county.

'

FrCol. Benedict believes that with the
t e~ch system much of the old back-boxed Im er can be salvaged profitably that
(Continued on page 2, colymn 3)

J . LEONARD ROUNTREE

The three schools averaging the highest grades are Chamblee High School, Chamblee; Center Consolidated School, Vidalia 4th District A. and M. School, Carrollto;.

2

GEORGIA FOREST LOOKOUT

GEORGIA FOREST LOOKOUT Forsyth county-Claud Harris, Cumming High School.

FRENCH METHOD
(Continued from page 1, col. 1)

Published Monthly By

Franklin county-Bill Sanders, Frank- would not support an American face, and

GEORGIA FOREST SERVICE

lin County High School.

that the shallow nature of the face will

State Capitol

Atlanta, Ga.

C. A. Whittle, Editor

Gordon county-Ansul Meador, Sonora- promote rapid healing.

viii~ High School.

It is ,liS opmwn also that by ;-~

Gwinnett county-Robert Miller, Snell- distributior. of the woods-worl:crs uvet

Staff of the Georgia Forest Service

ville High School.

the forest, the syst~m of f.,rest or-

B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester......Atlanta Habersham county-H. J. McCurry, Hol- ganization one finds in France, instead

C. A. Whittle, Director of Education and lywood High School.

of housing them in centralized turpentine

Utilization .................................... Atlanta Everett B. Stone, Jr., Assistant State
Forester ................................ Gainesville H. M. Sebring, Asst. State Forester,

Hancock county-Bill Wallace, lOth District A & M, Granite Hill.
Hart county-Clayton Cordell, Nancy

camps, or quarters, prompt control over fires will be afforded, and better workmanship will result.

................................................ Macon Hart Consolidated School, Hartwell.

Althoug"' experiments cond .cted oy

C. Bernard Beale, District Forester,

Heard county-Sidney Jackson, Central- ~he government at Starke, Flori 'a.

............................ ................Waycross W. D. Young, District Forester............Rome Jack Thurmond, District Forester,
---------------------------------------- Savannah Charles N. Elliott, Assistant Director of

hatchee Consolidated School, Franklin. Jackson county-Howard Carlan, Com-
merce High School. Jefferson county-Glen Rhodes, Staple-

show that, for the same amount of surface wounded, 22 percent more gum is obtained from French faces than from American, it is essential that higher grades

Education ---------------------------------- Atlanta H. D. Story, Jr., District Forester,
................................................ Albany
W. G. Wallace, District Forester, ............................................ Columbus

ton High School. Johnson county-Buren Claxton, Kite
Consolidated School. Lamar county-Arthur Steedly, Georgia

of rosin be obtained than the average American grades, in order to offset the fact that French faces are only one-half the width of American faces, and the con-

Mrs. Nellie Nix Edwa_rds, Secretary to the Industrial College, Barnesville.

dition of most of the old timber will only

State Forester .... _......................Atlanta Mrs. R. S. Thompson, Secretary to Direc-
tor of Education and Utilization, Atlanta

Lanier county-Wesley Moore, Consolidated School, Stockton.
Laurens county-Herman Gilder,

Crisp Rentz

permit one French face per tree. Every means known will be employed to hold up a high quality of gum on the crops put

The three counties having highest grades in their order are: Dawson, Toombs and

High School. Madison county - Clarence Carson,
Madison County High School, Danielsville.

up by the use of clay cups and covering the cups with paddles at the time of chipping to keep out trash and bark.

Stephens.

Meriwether county - Abner Lynch, This is the first test ever conducted with

The winning students are as follows: Woodbury High School.

French faces on a commercial scale of pro-

Banks county-William Bank County High School.

Chambers, Mitchell county-Fulton City High School.

Morey, Sale duction. If the results are satisfactory, it is possible that other operators will be

Barrow county-James Harrison, Win- Morgan county-Alvin DeLoach,

der High School.

District A. & M. School, Madison.

8th induced to replace the present American system with the French. If it is found to

Berrien county-Lester Golden, Nash- Newton county-J. C. Ellington, Palm- be economically successful, the fact that

ville.

er-Stone Consolidated School, Oxford.

the French system of working the timber

Bibb county-Joe Johnston, Lanier High Stephens county-Weldon Spearman, and forest organization makes possible a

for Boys, Macon.

Eastanollee High School.

more intensive fire control and silvicul-

Bleckley county-George Norris, Mid- Stewart county-Ben Shirling, Lump- tural practice than is now financially pos-

dle Ga. Jr. College, Cochran.

kin High School.

sible with the American system may bring

Bulloch county-Robert C. Hall, Brook- Sumter county-C. W. Grant, Union about a general adoption of the French

let High School.

High School.

system of turpentine operation.

Burke county-J. R. Stafford, Jr., Gi- Taylor county-L. B. Locke, Butler

C. Bernard Beale

rard High School.

High School.

Campbell county-Charles Harper, Fair- Terrell county-Howard Adams, Graves See Georgia Mountains In Summer

burn High School.

High School.

Beauty

Carroll county-Horace Ayres, 4th Dis- Thomas county-Clarence Edmondson, Many beautiful flowering plants and

trict A. & M. School, Carrollton.

Pavo High School.

flowers are to be found in the mountains of

Chattooga county-Frank Hendrix, Tift county-J. C. Webb, Jr., Omega North Georgia at this time of the year.

Gore High School.

High School.

The dogwond and the numerous variet1cs

Cherokee county-Fred Harris, Rein- Toombs county-Ezra Taylor, Vidalia of azalea have already made their appear-

hardt College, Waleska.

High School.

ance, and the mountain ivy is l'eginnmg to

Cobb county-Ernest Howard, 7th Dis- Treutlen county-Jim L. Gillis, Jr., So- blossom forth. The rhododendron is still

trict A & M School, Powder Springs.

perton High School.

dormant but should be in blossom some-

Colquitt county-Ralph Watson, Moul- Troup county-William Johnson, Ho- time in June. In addiHon to these larger

trie High School.

gansville High School.

plant:' there is an almost unending varietv

Cook county-J. J. Taylor, Jr., Sparks- Walton county-Broadus Orr, Ga. Voca- of wild flowers to be found on almost ev-

Adel High School, Sparks.

tional & Trades School, Monroe.

ery side extending from the shaded nooks

Clarke county-Dorsey Martin, Winter- Ware county-Bill Seaman, Waresboro along the ~trearus to the tops of the most

ville High School.

High School.

exposed rilges.

Dawson county-Merlin Burt, Dawson- Wayne county-Julian Rayne, Screven The mountains of North Georgia are

ville High School.

High School.

taking on color which is in marked con-

DeKalb county-Marvin Lloyd, Cham- Whitfield county-Joe Hair, Dawnville trast to the drab appearance of a few

blee High School.

High School.

weeks ago. A trip to one of the many

Emanuel county-Robert C. Radford, Wilkes county-George Garrard, Wash- points of interest in the mountains will

Adrian High School.

ington High School.

furnish much of interest to the pleasure

Elbert county-Harry 0. Seymour, Webster county-Edmund Dillard, Union seeker and the gorgeous color schemes

Bowman High School.

Consolidated School.

presented can only be rivaled by the won-

Fannin county-Garnet Craig, Epworth Worth county-Herman Tyson, Sumner derful coloring of the foliage in the fall.

Seminary.

Consolidated School.

E. B. Stone, Jr.

GEORGIA FOREST LOOKOUT

3

SOME CURIOUS ANSWERS TO EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

I SIXTH DISTRICT
Jack Thurmond, Distr~ct Forester

Practices Thinning and Pruning
J. W. Key of Modoc, Georgia, Emanuel ~ounty, has done considerable thinning and

Savannah

.. runing in his young timber to get it in

Taken from Papers Submitted by

uetter shape for intensive forest manage-

Students Seeking Scholarships at tiducational Work in Liberty County ment so that he will realize a greater prof-

Forest Camp.

lVlr. W. I. Stafford, Sec.-Treas. and Pa- it on the 300 acres that he has thinned. trolman of the Lwerty CounLy '1'. 1'. u., Mr. Key is a turpentine farmer and tim-

You should burn off the forest to keep says that Liberty County T. P. 0. has some herman, he is for forest protection as

fire out. Short-needle and Branch pine is found
in South Georgia, White Pines is found

real educational work to put over before a scrong sentiment is created in favor of .ougn woods and timber growmg. The

he is anxious to realize a greater profit from his timber and will do so if he contino~es to follow his present protective meth-

in middle of Georgia, Lobby pine is found veovle want the timber and aam1t that it ods.

in different parts.

1s tnrough the sale of t1moer or its by-

A fire tower is a scaffold to look for J.Jloaucts that most of our money enters Emanuel County Timber Protective

fires so they can be distinguished.

one county, still they are not wulmg to

Organization Formed

If rangers cannot put out fires they go get the fire department.
A hybrid is a place to get water. The best time to thin is in the winter when all the trees is dead. Fire in the woods destroys fish. A fire break is something made by
mules.

utake the sacntice nor put forth the etfort .eqUired to let it grow.
~::>orne of the cact!e owners, but not all of them, firmly believe that they will have "o scop ra1smg catLle i:t tney s"op burnwg the woods. A prominent lawyer in Hinesvide ::aid to the wnter: "You know we wtU nave to burn off the woods so the old cows

A meeting was held at the county courthouse in Swainsboro on May 8 and the landowners who are anxious to keep fire JUt of their woods were present and formed an organization for forest fire protection which includes land owned by 5 men totaling 10,225 acres.
They plan to build fire-breaks on the

A fire break is a place that looks like this. (illustration)
Georgia Timber Protective Associations elect a president, a vice-president and a secretary and treasurer to fight fires.
To make trees more durable, put them in a self made boiler and pour tree soup on them.

will have grass to eat." In rt'l'ly I saiu mat in my regular patrol work for the Liberty county T. P. 0. all the dead and scarvmg cattle were found on or around uurns. .however some of our old cattlemen are in favor of rough woods and exvress the hope that we will be able to keep 1t rough long enough to convince the public of the real truth.

land and post signs over the area calling the attention of the public to the fact that the land is under protection and what the results are expected to be.
Fire protection work is getting more popular in every section and there are several more Timber Protective Organizations in the process of completion in District 6.

Trees to be thinned out of the forest is Some of the landowners argue that if

submerged trees, depressed trees and woods are kept rough for 4 or 5 years and

SEVENTH DISTRICT

skinny treees.

fire does get in :t in a dry, windy time tht

The age of a tree is known by the liga- toss will be greater than if they are burn2d

ments in a tree.

every year. Personally, I know of lands

E. Bernard Beale, District Forester Waycross

D. B. H. is a kind of disease that injures that have been burned over every year for

pine trees.

the past 30 years and today there is not

Some of the products made from cellu- a sapling big enough to get a pine top

Colson and Peeples Good FireFighters

lose of wood is camel cigarettes, candy, from it to fight fire with, while on adjoin- What a fire truck well-equipped with

cigars and cakes.

mg lands that have been kept rough for good fire-fighting implements and two

The trees that should be removed in 5 or 6 years a good growth of slash pine good men and ready to respond at a min-

improving a forest is left out.

from 7 to 10 feet high can be found.

ute's notice, can do in controlling fires, is

The above is not typical but merely a This is our first year in cooperative for- shown by the record of the Camden T. P.

few "slips". As a whole the examination est fire protection work in Liberty county 0. fire crew.

papers were good and doubtless ranked and it seems that we had more woods burn- Fire Chief A. P. Colson and his assist-

well with examinations in other school ing boosters than fire fighters. However the ant, Albert Peeples, responded to 25 fires

subjects.

organization is more determined than ever during the first quarter. Sixteen of the

C. N. Elliott

to make timber growing both profitable fires were reached and extinguished within

Students Plant Highway

and successful in Liberty county and in- two hours after the fires were reported. A tend to at least double the membership large number of the fires were 10 to 15 and acreage this second year. Of our miles distant, often over very muddy roads.

The Vocational Forestry Club at Palm- protected .and for the first :year in p~o In some cases two fires were reported

er-Stone consolidated school in Newton tection work only 8 percent was burned simultaneously and it was largely through

- County put out 1000 slash pine seedlings
on the school forest and other areas se-

over while unprotected cent burned.

land

was

98

per-

their quick, efficient response that heavy losses were prevented.
Messrs. Colson and Peeples have done

lected for the demonstration. Some of Rewards for Woods Burners Given a splendid job in going after the fires on

these seedlings were planted in Cecil clay loam soil on barren hillsides and some in wet bottomlands to test the conditions under which this species can best thrive out

0. L. Williams of Egypt, Ga., Effingham county, has a standing reward of $5.00 for information leading to the arrest and conviction of any person caught firing

the Camden County T. P. 0. area this year, and their efforts deserve the praise of all those who believe in keeping woods rough.

of its natural habitat.

his woods. Mr. Williams is a leader in his

. In

addition,

the

forestry

club

planted

community and an up to date business man, he is in for forest protection and is

Ocilla to Have Arboretum
The Woman's Club at Ocilla plans to

ten miles of loblolly pine and dogwood in aiding the district forester in working up develop a tract 'of woodland deeded to the

the highway beautification program be- sentiment for a Timber Protective Organ- city as an arboretum. A survey of the plot

tween Atlanta and Augusta.

ization in Effingham county.

discloses that there are now ten or more

4

GEORGIA FOREST LOOKOUT

species present, and it is the intention of NOTES ON THE OKEFENO-

Unexcelled Forest Resources

the club to have a representation of each of the 163 tree species in Georgia that can be propagated in this climate. The area, which embraces two acres of woodland and 5 acres of cleared land, is being mapped and sites assigned for the planting of each species. Some of the trees will be furnished by the Georgia Forest Service, private donors, and possibly several species may be obtained from the Plant Introduction farm at Savannah.

KEE
On a recent trip into the Okefenokee swamp I became interested in observing some of the features o.f plant life which crowd this 600,000 acres of widerness.
The most impressive plant life is the enormous forests of cypress. We made our way through these in canoeing across the swamp by following narrow runs. These runs wind among the huge treees

Warren T. White, general industrial agent of the Seaboard Air Line, in an article appearing in the Manufacturers Record, quotes Austin Cary, veteran of the United States Forest Service, to the effect that southern pines grow faster than any species of trees in the United States, and says: "In the southern pine belt the United States is thought to po::;sess the greatest single asset in the way of potential source of coniferous wood and lumber that exists

T.

P.

O.'s

Influence on

Unorganized

that made a veritable moss draped wall on either side. Any sound of the paddle,

anywhere on the face of the earth".

Farmers

or spoken word, or .other noise seemed to

Commenting on the fact that his stu- be muffled.

dents had very few fires to report, I. V. Throughout the swamp are a great num-

Chandler, teacher of vocational agricul- ber of fallen logs. They may be the be-

ture of Poplar Springs Consolidated ginning of a coal deposit, though our coal

School in Berrien county, says that it is deposits were made of trees like the palm

due to the Timber Protective Organiza- or yucca.

tion of Henry Gaskins.

Few pines are found in the swamp prop-

Noting how much better the forests er. These grow on hammocks and one

were growing where protective measures knows how to locate islands by the pines.

are used, farmers stopped burning their Where an island is partially covered with

timber lands. Only three fires occurred in water, the foliage of the pines is yellowed,

the area covered by the school and only but when the surface of the island is above

one of these was purposely burned by the water, the foliage of the pine is dark green.

owner.

Islands in the swamp have a great va-

Vogel Park Trails Open-Visitors

riety of plants. Huckleberries are perhaps the most common. These grow profusely

Numerous

over the entire upland and in some spots

The trails constructed by the Georgia are so thick that pushing one's way through

Forest Service in and adjacent to the them is not easy. Bears forage here dur-

Vogel State Forest Park have been thor- ing huckleberry season but on account of

oughly worked over and cleared of fallen the thick underbrush, they are hard to see.

trees and other debris which accumulated The cassena berry, red maple, box elder,

during the winter months.

live oak, spanish oak and water oaks may

New signs have also been posted be found around the outskirts of the

throughout the trail system. These signs swamp. Tupelo gums vie with cypress in

give clear directions as to the places of some spots for supremacy.

interest within the park.

The naturalist never finds himself out

The trail system includes 6 1-2 miles of of something interesting to see in this wil-

trail, leading from Neel Gap to the sum- derness area.

mit of Blood Mountain, to DeSoto water-

C. N. Elliott.

falls and to Notalee waterfalls. There are

Pine Tree Lookout Tower Georgia Industrial College, Barnesville.

two circuits included in the system so that

it is not necessary to retrace one's steps.

The last few Sundays have seen large

numbers of visitors at the forest park and

it is expected that they will increase in

number as the spring develops.



E. B. Stone, Jr.

"The Forestry Department has certainly made a valiant effort to bring to the attention of the people of Georgia the need for reforestation. The campaigns hare been without the thrill that is usually attained or created at the time that a disinterested party is able to present to the owner of scrub land the bonanza that the raising of pine trees will prove for a period of years . . . . Georgia has a wonderful future before it in this regard, if it will continue as developed and planned. No crop will prove more productive in the future. Reforestation in this part of the country has been marvelously stimulated within the past five years." -Thomasville TimesEnterprise.

Forestry Cabin and Students Who Built It. Georgia Industrial College, Barnesville.

GEORGIA FOREST LOOKOUT

5

Georgia Forestry Association Recommends Increased Appropriations and New Legislation

Important Gathering at Albany Attended by United States Senators, Congressmen, Timber Owners, Farmers, Foresters and Business Men-Program Replete With Interest-Exhibits, Field Demonstrations, School Meeting
Among Features-Next Meeting at Rome.

The tenth annual meeting of the Geor- timber acreage of any state in the Union, Georgia was first to establish a state

gia Forestry Association, held at Albany, covering two-thirds of its area. His ex- forest fair. A state tree nursery is now

May 20 and 21, was the most largely at- planation of a lack of greater progress in in operation. Forest research is being

tended of all association meetings and by a Georgia is the lack of self-consciousness carried on in cooperation with state and

high class of interested citizens, among of the state and a feeling of individual federal agencies. Two forest parks have

them being two United States senators, responsibility. With an appreciation of been established. The press is giving

congressmen, judges, business and profes- forest values the state, he said, would put splendid support.

sional men, besides timber owners.

an end to the acts of torch bearers who The future plans call for enlargement of

Am;;"ng the various subjects discussed, perhaps the most constructive suggestions were those dealing with taxation, fire law modification, forestry research, education and timber utilization including the use of southern pines for paper manufac-

burn the woods and who have been burning fertility of forest soils, contributing to erosion losses, depleting the forest floor of the sponge that conserves water power anu filling the rivers with muddy waters that drive out the best fish.

the staff, increased acreage brought under organized fire protection, extension of educational activities, promotion of forest management plans whereby Georgia's timber lands will produce maximum of timber, and enlargement of the scope of

ture.

"Find better markets for forest prod- research.

ucts and the problem is solved," he said.

Of chief importance in actions taken b~ "No one will burn what he can sell".

the association by resolutions was a re- Given a chance, he said, the forests will

Federal Research Agencies

quest that the legislature enlarge its ap- revolutionize Georgia and bring it to Under the head of "Research Aid to

propriations to the Georgia Forest Service great prosperity. Communities in Georgia Georgia Forestry", the directors of the

so as to provide $50,000 for research L1 are now growing more agricultural crops Southern Forestry Experiment Station,

the use of Georgia woods for paper manu- on 60 percent less acreage than was fo- New Orleans, and the Appalachian For-

facture and other cellulose products so merly grown, and at greater profit, leav- est Experiment Station, Asheville, were

that the state can increase its work and ob ing, he stated, land for which there is n-, heard.

tain its allotted federal funds. The legisla- other need than for growing trees.

E. L. Demmon, New Orleans, said the

ture was also asked to pass an enabling aci;

southern station had attacked the most

whereby the United States Forest Service may acquire 25,000 acres on which to es-

Progress of Forestry in Georgia

vital problems first. Six branch stations have been established and additional ones

tablish naval stores research. A revision B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester, whose are to be located as funds are available.

. of tax laws whereby timber growing would subject was "Progress and Plans in State Naval stores investigations center at

receive greater encouragement was recom- Forestry", portrayed briefly the progress Starke, Florida. The influence of fire on

mended.

by contrasting what existed five years ago tree growth and the effect of grazing are

The association pledged its support of the with what now exists. In 1925 the Geor- among the studies. Forest management

existing policy of employing none but gia Forest Service borrowed $1,000 on studies are being made, including natural

.scientifically trained men on the staff of which to start operations, now it adminis- reproduction under various methods of

the Georgia Forest Service and to help ters $163,000. At the beginning the per- cutting and the influence of soil, compet-

keep this service free from politics.

sonnel consisted of a state forester, now ing vegetation, grazing, turpentining and

The association expressed itself as de- there has been added a staff of 9 forest- weather. When to thin and to what stand

lighted with the hospitality of Albany and ers, two full-time clerks and seven part- are studied. Reforestation of denuded

with the thoroughness of the local commit time stenographers.

lands to determine economic practice~

tee on arrangements. The delegates were , In 1925 no timber was under protection is being studied, also the rate of growth of

entertained at two luncheons and a ban- from fire. Now over 2,000,000 acres are stands under natural conditions. Various

quet. The whole two days' session was a under organized protection of 31 timber lines of work to determine economic treat-

feast of oratory and information.

protective organizations, with 21 obser- ment of pines for maximum returns from

vation towers, 409 miles of telephone naval stores are being carried on. Erosion

Opening Session

lines, 50 miles of fire trails, 3,000 miles of with reference to forests is being investifirebreaks, fire fighting equipment, 73 gated and financial aspects of growing

After the invocation by Rev. Reese, patrolmen and 21 towersmen. Education timber have been studied by making sur-

Griffin, Mayor J. B. Billingslea cordially work was merely a plan at the beginning, veys in typical regions of the south. A Welcomed the visito:rt~ to a city with an now 14 bulletins, 11 leaflets, several thou- survey of hardwoods of the south is being

international reputation for its fire de- sand fire placards, hundreds of talks and undertaken. Other interesting lines of re-

Partment, a health center, the pecan cap- many thousands of contacts are made with search were referred to briefly.

ital, and a region of diversified farming. landowners. Newf1Japers are constantly E. H. Frothingham, Asheville, reviewed

Accepting the welcome cordially, Pres- supplied with acceptable news matter. briefly the work of the Appalachian For-

ident T. G. Woolford introduced W. T. Over 100 schools have been induced to es- est Experiment Station in relation to the

Anderson, Editor of the Macon Telegraph, tablish school forests and carry on a forest- timber regions of northern Georgia, ex-

Who gave the meeting a good start with ry project and a forest camp for boys is plaining that in some particulars the work

tl'enchant and witty comment on the need being established in the mountains of was of a similar nature to that recounted

of forestry in Georgia with the greatest North Georgia.

by Mr. Demmon but dealt with entirely

GEORGIA FOREST LOOKOUT

different conditions. Trees of the moun- her of prominent people for brief state- ducing gum or oleoresin was interestingly

tains are hardwoods of many species, many ments. The occasion proved a delightful given. Wounding the cell causes it to

of which are of high value. In the last 50 feature of the conference.

function in a hitherto inactive way, to

years the magnificent mountain forests

make oleoresin. This is an entirely differ

have been reduced to a vestige of what

Better Forest Fire Laws Needed

ent product from sap, and exudes from

they were, there being less than 2,000,000 acres in the Southern Appalachians that could be classed as primeval.
Timber growing, he said, was only one use of the Appalachian forest. Of great importance is the protection of the water supply and the forest's prevention of erosion. Recreation was emphasized as having important bearing on mountain forests. North Georgia mountains are natural playgrounds for Georgians, and fish and game hunting depend on forests to no small degree.
Attention was directed to establishing research work in cooperation with Georgia Forest Service and the Georgia Experiment Station at the latter's branch station in Union county, by virtue of $5000 secured by Senator Harris from federal funds.

One of the most informative and interesting addresses of the conference was that of Judge Ogden Persons, Forsyth, Georgia, the first speaker of the afternoon session.
The first interest in tree growing in Georgia, said Judge Persons, was that of General Oglethorpe's settlers who had as one of their chief objectives the planting of mulberry trees, the growing of silk worms and the production of silk for British people. These settlers marveled at the natural forests. Those forests have largely disappeared. Now it is a matter of conserving what is left. Today the potential is greater than the actual value of the forests.
Georgia, he said, like other states, has not yet realized the importance of laws

trees when cut. Cutting trees for gum, she said, does not injure the trees' wood, in fact, improves it.
How the research workers had found that making narrow hacks or streaks of 1-4 inch as compared to 3-4-inch doubles the yielding period, thereby resulting in greater income, was explained by Dr. Gerry.
She told of the possibilities of using southern pines for paper and distributed samples of beautiful white, strong paper made from slash pine and from combinations of slash pine and black gum, made at the forest products laboratory. The resin content of second growth is low and presents no difficulties and even where it exists, she said that a way had been found for taking care of it.

Here important studies are to be made for protecting its forests. He reviewed on various phases of forestry that will acts of the legislature of 1811, 1847 and

Timber for Railroads

have practical bearing on the best man- 1878, designed to protect lands and crops S. R. Young, Assistant Chief Engineer

agement to give forested areas in the from woods burners. He then cited a de- of the Atlanta and West Point and Geor-

mountains.

cision of the Supreme Court which render- gia Railroads, was next heard in an in-

ed of no effect the laws in case fires orig- formative address on, "Timber and Rail-

Railroad's Forest Experience

inated from farm lands in course of crop roads".

The last speaker on the program of the morning session was Roland Turner, Agricultural Agent of the Southern Railway, who spoke on "A Railroad's Experience in Fire Protection". Mr. Turner's address proved one of the most interesting of the conference. He told of a tract of 10,000 acres of land purchased many years ago in Dorchester county, South Carolina, to provide fuel for railroad engines before coal came into general use for that purpose. In 1925 the Southern Railway decided to use the area as a demonstration forest. At first the tenants were of one

preparation and spread to adjoining properties. This left no recourse to law except under the general law providing civil action for damage through negligence or criminal intent.
Existing statutes are imperfect in view of the decision of the Supreme Court, and these should be remedied as soon as possible by new acts of the legislature. With strong laws, educational activity, help of the press and vigorous enforcement by the courts, laws designed to protect the interests of the timber owner may be made of real value to the state, he said.

"Due to a widespread misunderstanding regarding conservation, the idea has gone abroad that the use of substitutes for wood is necessary to preserve the forests. This is not true", he said. "Tremendous second growth lumber operations have been in progress and but for this railroads would have had a hard time", he commented.
Attention was called to railroad demands for ties and poles. One hundred million crossties are required by the railroads of this country annually. The railroads use approximately 20 percent of the

mind in believing that fires could not be

Multi-Product Pines

timber cut annually in this country and

kept off of the tract. They were indiffer- "Tiny, Living Cells Today Build Multi- will continue to be large consumers, for

ent to appeals but since they were honest product Pines", was the subject of Dr. no material combines lightness, strength,

in their belief, it was considered advisable Eloise Gerry, of the United States Fores:. resilience, ease of working and availabili-

not to combat their views but to proceed Products Laboratory, Madison, Wi.; ty as does wood. The only criticism of

by educational methods. Today every consin. Miss Gerry's address was one of wood is its lack of durability. He told

tenant is converted to fire protection and the most interesting and informative of how by chemical treatments the life of

ready at any moment to fight fire.

the conference. She is working in a bio- ties and poles are remarkably prolonged,

logical way with naval stores pines and is and in this way effective reduction of the

Several fires, said Mr. Turner, had finding out many interesting and very use- cost of the largest single item of mainstarted during the period of protection. ful facts about how pines produce gum tenance, crosstie replacement, is offered, Investigation revealed that only two orig- and how they can be made to produce a the life of crossties being increased twenty

inated from railway engines and these maximum flow at lowest cost. The expres- years in this way.

were road area. from

under unusual conditions. The railruns directly through the timbered
Firebreaks are maintained 100 feet the railroad.

sions "dual purpose pines" and "triple products pines" do not do the pines justice, she said, as they are capable of producing multi-products and should be so designat-

In wooden car construction one quarter billion board feet are used by railroads of this country annually. Standardizing these materials, he said, would result in economy.

When people on the land are educated ed. Dr. Gerry reviewed her work in the While steel must be continually painted to

to the importance of fire protection, keep- south of numerous projects carried on in prevent rust, wood may be readily pro-

ing out fires, he said, is an easy job. He Georgia. In 1922 there was talk of the tected against decay by chemical treat-

agreed with Mr. Anderson that finding a extinction of the naval stores industry in ment. For trestles the American Railway

ready market for timber would be the best Georgia. Second growth pine brought this Engineering Association sponsors the state-

fire protection that could be found.

industry back.

ment that creosoted wood trestles are

A luncheon served at the Gordon Hotel A description of the part cells play in more economical than concrete except

was the occasion for introducing a num- wood structure and particularly in pro- when the cost of concrete structure is

GEORGIA FOREST LOOKOUT

7

Jess than one and one-half times the cost affairs of forestry, has wielded great in-

Second Day's Session

of the wooden structure.

fluence and done much for forestry, not The second day's session opened with

Mr. Young stated that his railroads only in Georgia but in the country as a Captain I. F. Eldredge, forester of the

were cooperating in every possible way whole.

Suprior .Pine Products Company, with

with state and federal forestry agencies Senator Harris spoke briefly and to the headquarters at Fargo. Captain Eldredge's and are giving considerable space in their point about what he liad been doing and comments on the addresses were val-

:Agricultural Bulletin to promotion of for- trying to do for forestry in Georgia. He uable contributions to the session.

estry. Georgia's National Forests

called attention to an appropriation for research in the mountains of North Geor-

Editor's View of Forestry

"The National Forests of Georgia" was the subject of an interesting paper by Joseph C. Kircher, regional forester of the United States Forest Service. Georgia, he said, had permitted the purchase of national forests in the mountains of North Georgia and two, the Cherokee and the Nantahala national forests, extend into Georgia. He said the federal acquisition program called for the purchase of 600,000 acres in the area, of which about 300,000 acres had been purchased.
The expenditure for fire control on the national forest areas was 4.9 cents per acre in 1930, and a vigorous campaign of fire prevention is being waged to reduce
this cost.
Acquired primarily for watershed protection, but little or no damage to watersheds results by proper handling of the merchantable products of the forest with a view to maintaining a sustained yield of
timber. Recreation is being fostered by estab-
lishing camps and by extending camping rights with only one restriction, fire prevention. Roads and trails are being constructed. the roads often giving easy out-

gia whereby work had been centered on the lands of the mountain branch of the Georgia Experiment Station in Union county, and funds had been obtained to keep this work going.
Attention was called to an appropriation obtained for establishing a station for research in naval stores, but it remained to be seen whether Georgia or Florida would get this station.
The last speaker at the banquet was Dr. Charles Herty of New York, native of Georgia, and much interested in developing the forestry resources of this state, particularly in the use of southern pines for paper manufacture. Since the meeting of the Association held one year ago at Savannah, much had transpired to make certain that the south is coming to be the paper manufacturing center of this country. His announcement then that second growth slash pine before it formed appreciable heartwood was as well suited to the manufacture of white paper as was red spruce now commonly used, had been confirmed from many sources, including the Forest Products Laboratory of the United States Forest Service at Madison,

The first speaker was Miss Emily Woodward, Editor, Vienna, known throughout Georgia as a writer and speaker of ability. "Forestry as I See It", was the subject of an informal discussion, referring to what had been done by the pioneers of the Association and paying tribute to Stone, Judd, Harman, Kayton and others.
The task of saving the forests from fire had as yet, scarcely been scratched as evidenced by the charred and blackened landscape that greets one on every hand throughout the state. While the Association had done much there was no time for back-patting in the face of the necessities. The Association could not afford to let up. No resource of the state is more valuable and none should be more carefully conserved than forests.
Miss Wodward directed attention to our rapid growing species of trees, to the new uses being found for pines in paper manufacture, of new uses of wood in the making of artificial silk, leather, transparent wrapping paper, laquers, etc. She told of European forests where care and utilization are intense and quite profitable.
Speaking of the progress of the Geor-

lets to hitherto isolated communities. The Wisconsin. A year ago he had in his pos- gia Forest Service, Miss Woodward spoke

financial returns to the counties in which session beautiful and strong white paper of its . being free from politics and ad-

the forests are located amounted to 7 made from slash pine in the same way ministered by trained, technical men in an

cents per acre in the Cherokee forest and red spruce was treated. He told of various efficient manner, and her admonition was, 10 cents per acre in the Nantahala for- paper engineers' tests and their surprise "make politics safe for forestry", oth .r-

est, in 1930.

at the results obtained from southern wise, she added, it would be left to men

pines.

who have the same attitude as the woods

Banquet Addresses

Three years ago the forest products burner has to forests.

At the banquet held at the Gordon laboratory said white paper could not be

Forest Taxation

hotel, the toastmaster was Gordon E. made from southern pines. Now they are "The Forest Tax Situation" was a sub-

Reynolds, of Albany, lumberman, orator making it and they sent samples to the ject of much interest at the conference.

and public spirited citizen of whom Albany meeting of the Association. Thus prog- It was ably handled by two speakers.

is proud.

ress is being made and rapidly research George M. Rommel, Savannah, was the

The first speaker was United States is disclosing the great possibilities in first speaker. His paper showed a very Senator Walter F. George, who said he store. But he said there was much to be thorough study of the problem. He re-

was not on the program and had no pre- learned and more research workers should ferred to forest tax laws of several states,

pared address. He directed his remarks be on the job.

analyzing their results. At the outset,

to the necessity of dealing with the forest Dr. Herty pictured what it would mean he referred to reversions of lands to states

problem through education. He compli- to the south to have a market for its after their timber had been removed

mented Georgia Forest Service and the small second growth pines that should because they could no longer pay taxes

State Department of Vocational Education be removed as thinnings from the forest and be retained with profit to the owner.

on their cooperative project of teaching to promote turpentining and lumber grow- He cited Nebraska where taxes are remit-

Practical forestry in the Smith-Hughrs ing.

ted on lands planted to trees; to Massa-

rural schools of the state, and said that

Offers School Prizes

chusetts which offered prizes for tree

it had been his pleasure to help promote In the course of his address while plantings; and to yield taxes of more mod-

legislation that will make increased funds speaking on the importance of reaching ern days. He cited Wisconsin with 10

from federal sources available to the states the children with forestry education, Dr. cents acre tax and 10 percent of stump-

tor enlargement of the work in for- Herty stated that he was prepared to of~ age value as determined by the state con-

/estry instruction. The senator's brief ad- fer a prize of $175, $100 of which would servation commission. He also described

: dress was well received by his audience. go to a school and $50 and $25 to stu- Louisiana's tax system which includes a :~ United States Senator William J. Har- dents showing achievements in forestry, reforestation contract extending 40 years

ris was next introduced as one who is in- the basis of award being left to a commit- with fixed tax assessment for that period, :~nsely interested in forestry and, by tee of T. G. Woolford, B. M. Lufburrow determined by the state conservation com-

:virtue of his committee membership on and Paul Chapman.

mission and parish police-jury. This law

8

GEORGIA FOREST LOOKOUT

is supplemented by a severance tax or yield Dr. Cary warned against over-optimis- that it may not only serve the state's

tax of 6 percent collected at the time any tic claims which in the telling become ex- needs but help other southern states that

forest product is harvested.

aggerated and may result in disappoint- have no institutions teaching forestry.

Attention was called to the fact that ment and discouragement of the timber

in neither Wisconsin or Louisiana had owners.

School Program

more than 500,000 acres been entered

School Work in Forestry

A program for high school students was

under these acts.

One of the outstanding addresses of the held in the Albany theater beginning at

In Iowa, Indiana and Pennsylvania for- conference was that of Professor Paul 11 o'clock Thursday morning. In attend-

ested land is limited to $1 per acre tax. Chapman, director of vocational agricul- ance were high school students from Al-

California's tax exemption of lands hav- tural teaching in Georgia, who outlined in bany, Leslie, Sylvester, Sumner, Ty Ty,

ing immature trees and Oregon's release a most interesting manner the work being Moultrie and Camilla. After brief talks

of lands under reforestation from gener- done on a forestry project in 150 rural by C. A. Whittle and C. N. Elliott of the

al property tax with yield tax of 12 1-2 high schools in Georgia, with 5,000 stu- Georgia Forest Service, the forestry mov-

percent at harvest were cited.

dents taking the work in forestry; with ing picture "Partners" was given. A very

In Georgia, both lands and trees are every white school except three having a interesting part of the program was the

assessed. Instances were cited in three school forest under lease for 10 years, on singing of a chorus of girls under the di-

Georgia counties where improved land which the practices of forestry are car- rection of Mrs. Perry. The numbers were

was taxed $1.20 per $100 value where un- ried out under the direction of the Geor- beautifully rendered.

improved land was taxed $1.60. In Ap- gia Forest Service.

pling county 17 percent of the net forest Georgia is the first state to inaugurate

Field Demonstrations

income was taken as taxes in 1928-29. In concluding, he expressed the hope that Georgia could find a way of protecting its forest lands from excessive taxation.
J. A. Davis, President of the Albany Chamber of Commerce, discussed the problem of taxation from his experience as tax assessor in a case of a large refor-

this unique project which was conceived by the Georgia Forest Service and in which the Vocational Agricultural Department was glad to cooperate in carrying out. The work, Professor Chapman said, had attracted wide attention and other states are planning-to follow Georgia's lead. The subjects taught and put in practice on the school forest, he said, were the collection

During the afternoon of the last day a field demonstration in fire-break construction and fire fighting was given under the direction of H. M. Sebring, assistant state forester. Tractors and plows and a rototiller were used for plowing firebreaks. Successful demonstrations were made on swampy soil by a caterpillar type tractor

estation project where owners desired a lower rate than the commissioners felt they could grant with the consequence that the timber owners were dissatisfied. This he cited as an example of the inabili-

of tree seed, operation of a tree seed bed, planting of seedlings, identification of trees, thinning, measuring the volume of standing timber, fire protection and uses of woods.

and plows. Fire fighting implements were used in suppressing fires in sedge grass and a tractor was used in plowing a fire break to stop a fire. The demonstration was well attended.

ty of tax assessors acting under laws requiring the same rate on all properties,

Students are given credit for carrying

to encourage reforestation.

out on their home forests principles taught in the school. As an indication of what

Exhibits As is customary, exhibits were made at

An effort was made to see if lower rates interest is being taken by teachers and pu- the conference by the Georgia Forest Ser-

might not be allowed under a classification pils, the work accomplished by two schools vice. Its activities were pictorially dis-

of "wild lands", but this did not provide was cited.

played and panels showing effects of fire

the relief desired. Mr. Davis could see no way under existing laws to relieve the forest lands from undue burden of taxes and hoped that Georgia could see its way to discard its antiquated tax system and, in so doing, make provisions whereby timber can be grown more profitably.

The forestry project, he said, had proven the most interesting of all undertaken by the schools. This interest has been heightened by establishing a forestry summer camp which students can attend by winning in a competitive examination.
Training Foresters for Georgia

and thinning on growth and returns from forests proved instructive as did an exhibit showing the folly of turpentining small trees.
Exhibits were made of aluminum treated wood, chemically treated wood for fire resistance, woods of Dougherty county,

Reaching the Man Who Owns The Forest "Training Foresters for Georgia", was fire pumps, Appalachian trail in Georgia,

"Reaching the Man Who Owns the For- the subject handled by Professor G. D. placques honoring the Albany Fire De-

est", was the subject of an able address Marckworth, the new head of the School partment for the international records it

by Dr. Forest

Austin Cary, of the United States Service, who has spent several

of Forestry of the State College of Agriculture. He called attention to the need

has made; samples of very gum, segment of a pine tree

high grade displayed by

years in direct service to timber owners for trained foresters in Georgia, of how the Starke, Florida, Experiment Station

in this and other southern states. His re- the staff of the Georgia Forest Service is showing remarkable growth in healing tur-

search work on management of southern composed largely of graduates of the for- pentining wounds, a map of a typical tim-

pine forests and his studies of the pro- estry department of the college, and of ber protective organization and literature

duction leading

of naval stores have made him a authority in the field. The re-

the necessity for having men trained for southern forestry conditions in the soutt.~

of the highway department plantings.

on

roadside

sults of his work have been made public This he believed could best be done by The Association re-elected its old offi-

from time to time through the press and an institution located in the south. In cers, headed by T. G. Woolford, Atlanta,

have impressed timber growers and tur- addition to forest areas in Middle Georgia as President. The next meeting place is

pentine operators with their practical val- and in the mountains of North Georgia Rome.

ue.

with which the students of forestry are A telegram was received by the Asso-

His paper has as its keynote service dealing in a practical way, he said a camp ciation from Ron. Charles Lathrop Pack,

based on scientific investigations, person- would be located in South Georgia where President of the American Tree Associa-

al contact with timber growers who are confronting problems, the dissemination

at least three months' work would ried _on by advanced students.

ue car-

tion,

extending

greeting

and

expressing

of facts well founded in theory and prac- The Georgia Forestry Association was gratitude at the way the Washington bi-

tice, and the extension of information by asked to lend its assistance for the up- centennial tree planting project is being

various educational media.

~uilding of the state's forestry school so advanced in Georgia.