Georgia forestry, Vol. 30, no. 3 (Sept. 1977)

Georgia

Georgia Forestry

Sept. 1977 No. 3 Vol. 30
George Busbee - Governor A . Ray Shirley - Director

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

H. E. Williams, chairman
FeIton Denny Eley C. Frazer, Ill Jim L. Gillis, Jr. Robert Simpson, Ill

Woodbine
Carrollton Albany Soperton Lakeland

STAFF
Frank E. Craven - Editor Thomas R. Fontaine, Jr. - Assoc. Editor Thomas B. Hall - A rtist
DISTRICT OFFICES GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION
COOSA VALLEY DISTRICT P. 0 . Box Z. Mount Berry 30149
NORTH GEORGIA DISTRICT Route 5, Box B3, Canton 30114
ATLANTA DISTRICT 7 Hunter St ., S.W.. Room 545, Atlanta 30334
CHATTAHOOCHEE FLINT P. 0 . Box 1OBO. Newnan 30263
MCINTOSH TRAIL Route 7. Box 455. Griffin 30223
LOWER CHATTAHOOCHEE DISTRICT 6250 Warm Sprongs Road , Columbus 31904
MIDDLE FLINT D-ISTRICT P. 0 . Box 1369. Americus 31730
COASTAL PLAIN DISTRICT Route 2. Ashburn 31714
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA DISTRICT Route 2, Box 215. Camilla 31730
GEORGIA SOUTHERN DISTRICT Route 2, Statesboro 3045B
COASTAL DISTRICT P. 0. Box 113, Midway 31320
SLASH PINE DISTRICT Route 2 . Box 127B . Way cross 31501
CENTRAL SAVANNAH RIVER DISTRICT Route 2. Box 266, Washington 30673
GEORGIA MOUNTAINS P. 0 . Box 293 . Oakwood 30566
NORTHEAST GEORGIA DISTRICT 650 College Stat ion Road, Athens 30601
HEART OF GEORGIA DISTRICT P. 0 . Box 96, McRae 31055
MIDDLE GEORGIA DISTRICT Columbus Road, Route B, Macon 31206
OCONEE DISTRICT P. 0. Box BB1, Milledgeville 31061

Georgia Forestry is pubIished quarterly by the Georgia Forestry Comm ission , P. 0. Box 819, Macon, Ga. 31202 .
Second class postage paid at Rome, Ga .

CONTENTS
Tree Seedlings Available For Order ......... ...................................................................3 Wood Energy Seminar Held ........ ........... .. ................. .... ...... .......... ..........................4-5 Unseasonable Weather Brings Unseasonable Fires ...................................................... 6 "Timber's Time Table" ................... .. ... .... .. ......... ........... ... .. .... .... .. ..... .. .... .............. .l -9 Forestry Faces And Places ...................................................................................10-11 Rust Resistant Seed Orchards Establ ished ...........................................................12-13 Logging The Foresters..................................................................... .........................15
Cruising
The News
Rural Fire Districts
The rural fire defense program in Cook County, almost nil in past years, was greatly enhanced last year with the securement of th ree "Fire Knockers" by three towns in the county .
The towns of Lenox, Sparks and Cecil obtained the firefighting units through a lease program of the Georgia Forestry Commission .
The three units are now coordinated with the Cook County Fofestry Unit , and one of the fire knocke rs is able to respond to rural fires within a sho rt period of time to any part of the county .
Cook County Ranger John Mainor said the trucks in each town is manned by a group of dedicated volunteers, who are ready to go to any part of the county if ca lled upon . This makes a coordinated rural fi re protection program.
In order for a more organized program, three districts have been set up in the county. The fire department in each district is responsible for fires which originate in thei r district, and people who report fires should report them not only to the Forestry Unit but also to the department in their district.
The Lenox District covers an area from Tift County line to just north of Barneyville. Telephone numbers in Lenox to cal l to report rural fires are 546-4252, 546-4251, or 546-4224
Sparks Volunteers cover an area just above Barneyville to just below Adel. Fires in this area shou ld be reported by telephone to 549-B211 or 549-8624.
The Cec il area begins below Adel and extends to the south end of the cou nty . Numbers to call to report fires in that area are 794-2638, 794-2157 , and 794-2490.
The number to cal l at the Cook County Forestry Unit 1S 896-2925. Ranger John Mainor said the re has been excellent cooperation from the firemen on the three departments and has credited them with saving a substantial amount of property and natural resources through use of the Fire Knockers. The map above shows the three rural fire districts, and county residents are urged to retain the map for possible future use to report fires.
(From the Ade/ News)

Tree Seedlings

Available For Order

There are 32,690,000 tree seedlings available for order by Georgia landowners, according to Ray Shirley, director , Georgia Forestry Commission.
Shirley emphasized that in an effort to meet the needs of landowners, at the most economical method of production, the Forestry Commission has entered a seedling growing contract for all orders of improved loblolly pine and improved slash pine of 400,000 trees and over. Orders for 12 ,960,000 tree seedlings were placed utilizing the contract me thod.
Genetically improved tree seedIings, grown from certified seed, represent 88.4 percent of the Forestry Commission's 1977 seedling crop available for landowner purchase. The 40,360,000 improved seed! ings being grown brings to 260 ,100,000 improved seed Iing stock made available to Georgia landowners since 1964. Georgia's Tree Improvement Program began in 1954.
In announcin g the availability of tree seedlin gs, Shirley pointed out that the

price on all species are at the 1976 level. This includes transportation charges.
James C. Wynens, chief, Reforestation Division, said that the early submission of orders is encouraged as all orders received prior to the first of October will be filled depending on supply. He emphasized that if orders exceed supply, the trees will be prorated between orders.
Wynens added that orders received after the first of October will be filled on a first come, first serve basis .
He pointed out that tree seedling ap plication forms may be obtained from the Forestry Commission County Rangers, County Agents, Soil Conservation Service Technicians and Agricultural Conservation Program Officers. All or ders must be submitted on a Georgia Forestry Commission application form.
Wynens noted that payment must accompany all orders before shipment can be made . No refunds will be made on orders of 400,000 trees or more can-

APPLICATION FOR NURSERY STOCK

ORDERNO - - -

GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION MACON , GEORGIA 31202

P.O. BOX 819

NAME OF APPLICANl ADDRESS

PHONE NO. - - - - - - - - - CITY _ _ _ _ __ _ COUNTY _ _ _ _ _ ZIP C O D E - - -

SHIP TO ADDRESS ABOVE OR :

N"'E 400RHS

------------------PHONE NO.----------

CITY

COUNTY

ZIP CODE

DELIVERY DE IIR ED AI SHOWN BE LOW ,

DATE

SPECIES

t I

NUMBER OF ~EEDLINGS

COUNTY OF PLANTING

FOREST l>ISTRICT
I ~

TYPE OF OWNERSHIP :

,(hedo. .,., ..

0 I. P""CI'- pert.e~n\, Cluln, AnoC:rCIIon5 & Pnvotc- Schooh. 0 :l. p,,.alc Fore.! lnd~o~ury lumber Mlv. 0 3. PrtvO!C Fore11 lf'tdut!ry. Pulp & Paper ,
0 P11vate Forell lndu"ry No..ol S1o-re. Ply-od, etc. 0 S. Provore o1he ondusuy lond1o. 0 6. To" COYn ly, and Publ.c Schools. 0 7. Slat e and other Publoc LonGs. 0 8. F ~~ol GoY e rn,.,erot 0 q, 0*'e IHetfy)

ETHOD OF IHIP.ENT ' !Checl one

0 1

STATE TRUCK TO COUNTY FORESTRY OFFICE

0 2

APPLICANT WILL PICK UP AT NURSERY

SEEDLINGS RECEIVED IN GOOD CONDITIO"'

~ERE V E.RTIFY 1 ... 1\T I DESIRE TO PURCHASE THE ABOVE NURSERV STOCK UNDER CONDITIONS PRIN-:'ED ON THE BACK OF THIS FOR,_.

PAY~o!E_Nl S - - - - - - DATE - - - - - - - - - SIGNATURE - - - - -- - - -- -DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE

D H E_ RTY

D WALKER

D MORGAN

celled after January 15, 1978 . No re funds will be made on orders of less than 400,000 trees cancelled after February 1, 1978. Seed Iings, involved in cancellation after the appropriate deadline, become the responsibility of the landowner.
Th e tree seedlings will be shipped from the Herty Nursery, AI bany; Mor gan Nursery, Byron ; and Walker Nur sery, Reidsville.
Mail the completed application to the Georgia Forestry Commission, P. 0 . Box 819, Macon, Georgia 31202.
For assistance in determining your reforestation needs, contact your local county forest ranger.
Seedling
Price List
The following tree seedlings are being grown for sale by the Georgia Forestry Commission during the 1977-78 planting season .

SPECIES Per 1000 500

50

Eastern White

$15.00

Improved Loblolly 9.00

Improved Slash

9.00

Slas h-High Gum

9 .00

Virg ini a

9.00

$ 7.50 4.50 4.50 4.50 4.50

$3.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

Species below are priced FOB Page Nursery, Reidsville, Georgia .

Longleaf Catalpa Do.gwood Oak, Sawtooth Oak , White Redcedar Red Maple Sweetgum Yellow Popl ar

8.00 15.00 35.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 15.00 15.00 15.00

4.00 7.50 17 .50 10.00 10.00 10.00 7.50 7.50 7.50

2.00 3.00 4 .0 0 3.00 3.00 3.00 3 .0 0 3.00 3.00

A transportation charge of $1 .00 per thousand trees and $.50 per five hundred trees must be added to above cost on all seedlings moved from one nursery to another due to stock not being avail able or on seedlings delivered to County Ranger Headquarters for landowner pick up.

Sales of less than 500 trees must be in

packages of 50 at above 50 price which

includes delivery to County Ranger

~eadquarters.

3

A two -day Wood Energy Seminar was recently held for representatives of small industries that would use wood as a heat source, members of various trade associations, home builders, educational groups, chambers of commerce and leaders of state and county governments.
The seminar was jointly sponsored by Georgia Tech, Rudy Yobs, director, Engineering Experiment Station, and the Georgia Forestry Commission, Ray Shirley, director.
The energy shortage, created by the extreme cold of this past winter, pointed out the urgent need of such a conference, according to Shirley and Yobs. They said the seminar was designed to enhance the understanding of how crucial energy sources are, and how industry and homes can use wood safely.
The seminar included seven panel topics covering all areas of economics and environmental impacts of wood as energy as well as the latest techniques in the field. Topics discussed included Georgia's present energy supply, wood as an energy fuel, safety codes for wood burning, residential and commercial heating systems and advanced research in combustion such as gasifier and pyrolysis sy stems.
Many engineering and technical im 4 provements have been made in equip -

Georgia Lt. Governor Ze/1 Miller, "Wood Energy Potential For Georgia"
Dr. Donald J. Grace, director, Engineering Experiment Station, Georgia Tech, "Today's Energy Team: University, Industry, Government"

Featured Speakers

ment utilizing wood as a source of fuel. This makes it adaptable to meet energy needs and/or to be used as a back-up fuel to other energy sources. Research ers at the Georgia Tech Experiment Station have been working with small in dustries in utilizing wood as a source of energy. These findings were presented as well as topics covering all areas of economic and environmental impacts of wood as energy.
The availability and use of various sources of energy is a chief concern of

industry, businesses and individuals. Georgia, which is 66 percent trees,
and the entire South, has a source of energy not recognized nationally. It is an economical, expendable renewable resource . Wood is a source of energy that can meet the needs of small industry as well as other industries that have energy problems now and in the foreseeable future .
At the turn of the century, wood constituted the chief source of energy for the nation. It gave way to coal, then

fuel oil, then natural gas and electricity. And now, it seems we are about to return full cycle back to wood as a princi ple heat source .
We have been using bark and wood residue for fuel by wood industries to r some time . We now have new processes for using wood, and to use wood in different forms. The gasification and pyrolysis processes are not new , but have great potential as does wood chips and pelletized wood using the total tree .
One important factor is tha t wood meets the Environmental Protection Agency's standards with little expense to the user in special equipment.
We will be able to use cull trees and weed trees as wel l as tree tops , limbs , leaves and needles for fue l. This residue use will permit an increase of approximately 40 percent yield from the forest that is now left as waste . We estimate there is between 30 and 50 tons of wood material per acre in the South .
Newly developed heaters, which burn all combustible material, were displayed to help stimulate interest in using wood for energy. This equipment can be used in central heating systems for homes , and is suitable for small industries.
The featured speakers were Georgia Lt. Governor Zell Miller , " Wood Energy
Potential For Georgi a"; and Dr. Donald J. Grace , director, Engineering Experiment Station , Georgia Tech, "Todays Energy Team : University, Industry, Government".

The panels and speakers were: Georgia's Present Energy Supply -
Otis Phillips; director , Operations, Federal Energy Administration, Atlanta ; Om i Walden, director, Georgia Office of Energy Resources, Atlanta; and Don Elliott, manager, Engineering Maintenance and Utilities, Packaging Corporation of America, Macon . Wood ... For Energy Ray Bragg, executive secretary, U. S. Senator Herman Talmadge, Washington , D. C. ; Druid Preston, chief, and Paul Butts, utilization specialist, Forest Management Division, Georgia Forestry Commission, Macon. Wood As Fuel A. B. Curtis , wood residue specialist, U. S. Forest Service, Jackson, Miss .; Tony Petro, wood commodity specialist, Merrill, Lynch, Pierce, Fenner and Smith , Inc ., Atlanta ; and Joe Szany, Harris Economic Group, St. Paul , Minn .

Safety Codes and Environment Factors For Burning Wood -

Mike Lane, fire safety instructor, Fire Academy, Marietta;

and Robert H. Collom, chief, Air Quality Control Branch ,

Georgia Environmental Protection Division, Department of

Natural Resources, Atlanta .

Residential and Small Commercial Heating Systems -

John Merck, Central Fireplace Heating System, Marietta;

Jack Miller and Mike Jones, Atl anta Stove Works, Atlanta ;

and Clyde Hunt, U.S. Forest Service , Upper Darby , Pen n.

Overview Of Available Burners and Boilers-

Jim Lowry, research engineer, Georgia Tech , Atlanta ;

David Heinzman, McBurney Equipment Company, Atlanta ;

and Winfred May, chief engineer, Industrial Boiler Com-

pany, Thomasville.

Advanced Research -

D. J. Lohuis, assistant to president, Tech - Air Corporation ,

Atlanta ; John Calhoun, president, Fossil Fuels, Inc. , Keene,

N. H.; and Jim Breithaupt, sales manager, Woodex Indus-

trial Fuel Company, Eugene, Ore.

5

June 1977 Recalls June 1955
June wildfires brought back memo ries of 1954-55 to Georgia landowners, particularly to those who live in south east Georgia.
There were 15,124 forest and open acres burned in 1,540 wildfires. Sixty two percent of the acreage burned , 9,428 acres, occurred in the Georgia Forestry Commission's Waycross and Midway Districts. The fires in the two districts averaged approximately 36 and 21 acres per fire, respective ly . The state average was 9.82 acres per fire .
Clinch County had the dubious dis tinction of having the largest single fire since early 1956. It burned 4 ,529 acres .
Ray Shirley , director, Georgia Forestry Commissi on , said that a less than normal rainfall for the entire year of 1976, coupled with what has turned out to be one of the worst droughts Georgia has endured, contributed to the extreme conditions prevelant in June . Higher than normal temperatures and very low humidities added their effects to the ignition and spread 9f the fires, Shirley added .
Debris burning, Iightning and incen diarism were the primary fire causes. The 403 debris burning fires accounted for 2,814 acres; lightning fires, 328, burned 2,914 acres; and the 240 incen diary fires bla zed through 1,430 acres. The Clinch County fire is believed to have been started by sparks from a vehicle being towed .
Two previous periods of high fire occurrence were compared with June 1977. The first period, 1952-56, in cluded the two extre mely dry years of 1954-55 in which many of the bays and swamps of southeast Georgia dried up . The second period, 1972-76, included two relatively dry years, 1972 and 1974.
June 1977 had 57 percent fewer acres burned than June 1955, but 1,173 more fires. In comparison with June 1972, there were 12,751 more acres burned and 815 more wildfires in June 1977 .
6

GFA
Theme ''Timber's Time Table''

Senator Herman Talmadge

William E Towell

Georgia Senator Herman Talmadge praised the forest industry in Georgia for using its own wood waste as fuel to become more energy self sufficient.
Speaking to forestry leaders and woodland owners at the 1977 annual meeting of the Georgia Forestry Association, Senator Talmadge cited the continued rise in the consumption of wood and wood products , noting that we must take effective measures in re ducing wood waste .
He pointed out that "the future opportunities for timber are unlimited as long as we have the wisdom to fore see them . The Energy Research and Development Administration has a test project in which wood and farm pro-

Eighth District Congressman Billy L. Evans

ducts residues are being made into a product to supplement fuel and oil; the Georgia Forestry Commission and Georgia Tech have just completed a valuable wood energy seminar ; and an omnibus farm bill as passed by the Sen ate, provides for research to develop new energy resources from agricultural commodities and forest products .
Senator Talmadge added that " at no time in our history has there been a greater need to expand and improve the use of renewable resources balanced

with sound soil and water stewardsh ip." "Forest product industries are one of
the major components of the manufacturing phase upon which Georgia's eco nomic development depends . Directly and indirectly, the forest product industries account for 83,900 jobs and a manufacturing value of $3.36 billion of economic activity in Georgia ."
Georgia Eighth District Congressman Billy L. Evans made these remarks in opening the Association's meeting. Con gressman Evans noted that "the employ - 7

Panel members directed their remarks to the convention's theme.
Dr. J. B. Hilmon
Lt. Col. Freeman G. Cross, Jr.
Jack Wolff

ment growth rate in forest product manufacturing is the highest of all major Georgia industries since 1967." These industries have provided more new high paying jobs for the Georgia economy than any other manufacturing industry in its history .
The Georgia Congressman pointed out that the increased demands for timber and wood products, throughout the world, adds to the value of Georgia's timber crops each year.
Evans added that "Georgia is in the forefront in private forest products en abling us to maintain a high stan~~rd of living. Indications are that this high position can be maintained with proper forest protection and forest management", he added.
William E. Towell , executive vice president, American Forestry Association, Washington, D. C., presented the keynote address . He said "the burden for future forest needs lies upon the shoulders of the small, private landown-

8

Edward W. Killorin, president

er who owns nearly two-thirds of the nation's 753.5 million commercial forest acres."
The AFA leader expressed optimism in the landowner meeting the needs for goods and services because forests are a renewable resource, responsive to management, that can be perpetuated; and we are learning how to make forests more attractive for recreation, wildlife and other public uses as well as utilizing its resources in the market place.
Towell added that the four million landowners across our nation are looking to our foresters for the management know-how to make their timber more productive. Therefore, we must retain forest management as the key to the best public interests in our forests.
The result will be "a balanced environmentally-oriented management that provides both amenities and income," Towell emphasized.
A panel of speakers presented papers on the convention theme, "Timber's Time Table". The speakers and topics were Lt. Col. Freeman G. Cross, Jr ., deputy district engineer, U. S. Corps of Engineers, Savannah, "Regulatory Viewpoint"; Dr. J. B. Hilmon, director, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, N.C., "Research's Viewpoint" ; and Jack Wolff, vice president, Land and Timber, Weyerhaeuser Company, Tacoma, Wash., "Industry's View-
point ." The panel moderator was Wil liam F. Miller, Jr ., operations superintendent, ITT Rayonier, Jesup .
Col . Cross' remarks concerned the responsibility of the Corps of Engineers in regulating the discharge of dredged material to all waters of the United States up to their headwaters as well as their adjacent wetlands.
Dr. Hilmon reported that pines will respond to the herbicide paraquat by producing lightwood . This discovery and the potential for increasing oleoresin production many fold has stimulated in-

tensive research . He said that pilot studies are under-
way at the Savannah River Plant near Augusta by the U. S. Forest Service and the Energy Research and Development Administration. Harvesting of the controlled stands will begin in September of this year with cost and yield monitored and analyzed .
Wolff pointed out that North America accounts for 34 percent of the world's annual timber harvest, followed by Russia with 24 percent. The two regions are the only major areas in the world where softwood growth and harvest each year exceed domestic use of wood .
He said the South will be called upon to produce the major portion of softwood product needs in the future. Wolff called upon the state, industry and the state forestry association to work together to provide both tools and climate for maximum investment in timber growth.
Ben C. Meadows, president, GFA, in making his report to the Association, assured the membership that the Asso-
Miss Georgia Forestry Tina Driggers

Performance of Excellence Awards were presented to R. Don Griner, left, Washington District forester, and W Spencer McGraw, ranger, Haralson -Polk Forestry Unit.

ciation is geared to meet the challenge of the future by providing the catalyst on which its future will revolve.
The biggest challenge, Meadows said, is providing the wood fiber which the experts tell us will reach record proportions in the immediate years ahead .
The biggest deterrent to an increased forest production is the rising ad valorem tax situation. He assured the delega tion that this will be the number one priority of the Association during the next year and a half.
Edward W. Killorin, lawyer, Gambrel, Russell, Killorin and Forbes firm, Atlanta, was elected president of the Association. He succeeds Meadows , president, Ben C. Meadows Company, Atlanta. Other officers are James Fendig, mana ger, Timber Division . Gil man Paper Company, St. Marys, vice president and Fred W. Greer, Jr ., vice president,

C&S Bank, Atlanta, treasurer. The 1977 Miss Georgia Forestry is
17-year old Tina Driggers of Waycross. She was crowned by Association President Meadows . Miss Driggers succeeds Miss Paula Clark of Folkston.
Miss Pam Bellamy, 16, of Stockbridge was the runnerup.
Miss Driggers, in winning the pageant, received a $500 scholarship. During the year, she will represent the Association at various forestry functions.
The 1977 Miss Georgia Forestry was

chosen from a field of 24 county forestry queen s. She is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. L. W. Driggers . Miss Bellamy is the daughter of Mr . and Mrs . C. W. Bellamy .
In a special presentation, Robert N. Leavell of Washington was named Tree Farmer of the Year. The award was presented by A. H. Gregory , research fares ter, Continental Can Company, Savannah, and chairman of the Georgia Tree Farm Committee.
Leavell was cited for carrying out a well -rounded forest management program on his holdings. It has included clearcutting, site preparation and planting and revitalizing understocked and poor pine -hardwood sites.
Georgia is the nation's leader in Tree Farm acreage with 8.1 million acres . This acreage involves 1,976 Tree Farms.
The Washington District and the Haralson-Polk Forestry Unit of the Georgia Forestry Commission were re cognized through the Association's Per formance of Excellence Awards Program. Don Griner, district forester, accepted the District Award. Spencer McGraw, ranger, accepted the Unit Award . They were cited for presenting a diversified program of assistance .in their respective areas.
The Association's Forestry Public Service Awards went to Jim Caldwell, publisher, Catoosa County News, Ring-
gold; and R. William Hoffman, owner of WGFS, Covington. The media awards were presented in recognition of forest conservation efforts.

Robert N. Leavell, Washington, left, ac-

cepts the Georgia Tree Farmer of the

Year award from A. H. Gregory, chair-

man, Georgia Tree Farm Program and

research forester, Continental Can Com-

pany, Savannah

9

Forestry Faces

.... Georgia Senator Herman Talmadge feeds chips to gasifier with assistance from Jerry Birchfield, assistant director, Product ivity Laboratory, Engineering Experiment Station , Georgia Tech. The gasifier was on display at the recent Wood Energy Seminar, Atlanta and the Georgia Forestry Association meeting, Jekyll Island . The wood/ gas burner was provided by Forest Fuels , Inc. Keene, N .H .. John Calhoun, president, Forest Fuels, states that there is an important place in the immediate future energy picture for wood/ gas. With its development, the forests can play a major role in our energy future through market opportunities for presently unmerchantable wood, he added .

.... The Georgia Environmental Educational Institutes reached 35 educators this year. The teacher institutes were held at Shorter College, Rome , and Valdosta State Col lege, Valdosta . The students received 10 quarter hours of college credit toward either undergraduate or graduate degrees . Included in the three week course is three days of forestry courses. The institutes are sponsored by the Georgia Environmental Educa tion Council. The council is comprised of representatives from state and federal con 10 servation agencies, timber and mining industries and conservation groups.

.... L. H . "Luke" Morgan, right, area supervisor, ITT Rayonier, Inc ., Fitzgerald, has been commended for his 14 years of service on the Georgia Forestry Commission Board of Commissioners .
H. E. Williams , Board chairman and a Wood Procurement Division Manager , Brunswick Pulp and Paper Company, Woodbine, presented Morgan with a resolution citing his tenure which includ ed serving as Chairman of the Board in 197 5-76.
The resolution noted his support of the Commission's Rural Fire Defense

And Places
Program, Urban Forestry Program and legislation that placed all privately own ed forest land on an equal county assessment rate which enabled the State to realize statewide forest fire protection and services .
The presentation was made at the 1977 annual meeting of the Georgia Forestry Association.

~There are 49,300 commercial forest acres in Clayton County . This represents 52.1 percent of the land area .
Approximately 98.4 percent of the commercial forest acreage is privately owned . The remaining 1.6 percent is owned by industry and the federal government .
The commercial forest acreage has a growing volume of 59 .8 million cubic feet , and the annual growth is 4 .0 mil lion cubic feet .
There were 1,720 cords of round pulpwood produced in the county in 1975. The highest production, 9,560 cords, occurred in 1956. Since 1946, production has totaled 161,479 cords of round pulpwood.
There are approximately nine woodusing industries in Clayton County. They are employing more than 350 per sons with an annual payroll of about $3.2 million.
The products produced by the industries include pulpwood, bark , cabinets, desks, cutting boards and butcher blocks. Others are table tops, trusses, door units, millwork, fixtures and book cases.

....In the 1976 naval stores crop year, there were 692 producers in Georgia . These producers worked 4 ,317,563 faces which produced 92 ,279 barrels of crude gum . This is an average yield of approximately 214 barrels per crop . This yield brought more than $5.4 million to the producer or an average of $59 per barrel. From the crude gum, there were 63,030 drums of gum rosin and 784,371 gallons of turpentine extracted. The gum rosin was valued at an estimated $8 million and the turpentine at $1 million. Georgia produces 86 percent of the nation's gum naval stores .

....A cross section of the aged elm tree that once stood at the corner of Peachtree and

Harris Streets, site of the Capital City Club, is on display in the Club . The U . S. For-

est Service dated the tree back to 1848 following a study of a segment of the tree's

trunk. Participating in the presentation of the cross -section are, 1-r, James R. Taylor,

John Kateen , Franklin M . Garrett, Charles L. Gowan, Tommy J. Loggins, Kelly

Moseley and John W. Mixon . Loggins and Mixon represented the Georgia Forestry

Commission.

11

Rust Resistant Seed Orchards Established

The seedling, foreground, and graft, background, rust resistant orchards are located at the Georgia Forestry Commission's Baldwin State Forest. The seedling orchard is established from offspring of trees of known high rust resistance. The graft orchard is established from trees that have known high rust resistance.

The development of rust resistant loblolly and slash pines in Georgia is underway with the establishment of 22.5 acres of grafted and seed Iing seed orchards . The orchards are located in the Georgia Forestry Commission 's Bald win State Forest near Milledgevill~ .
The establishment of the orchards is part of a cooperative program between the Georgia Forestry Commission and the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station , U.S . Forest Service , according to Ray Shirley, Forestry Commission director.
It is hoped that these orchards will be producing some seed within five years, Shirley said . Estimates are that the first generation of seedlings pro duced will cut disease losses by 50 per cent. Since the initial supply of seed will be small, distribution will probably have to be limited to areas where fusi form rust is most serious.
As the program proceeds, additi<:mal selections will be obtained through breeding. There is every indication that these seed! ings will eventually reduce losses to rust by 70 to 75 percent.

This orchard was established from crosses of known high rust resistant trees in older,

established orchards. The trees are measured for height, and examined for fusiform

12

rust. The trees with rust are removed.

that the seedlings are derived from the

most rust-resistant families in the inocu-

lation tests. In addition, the seedlings

that will finally produce seed in the

production orchard will be the healthy

survivors of both artificial inoculation

and subsequent natural infection in the

field .

It will be possible to compare the

two types of orchards because the back-

ground material in both is similar. This

will make it possible to determine

which approach increases rust resistance

most rapidly.

According to recent surveys, Georgia

has the highest rate of rust infection in

the South. In the central part of the

state, 42 percent of over 167 million

planted slash pines have rust infections

on their ste ms . Southwide losses in pro-

duction have been conservatively esti -

mated at from $30-50 million per year.

These Georgia Forestry Commission germinated trees are being artificially inoculated with the rust disease at the U.S. Forest Service Experiment Station, Asheville, N.C. Following the inoculation, the seedlings are placed in an incubation room. Photo by USFS.

This figure does not include the value of young seedlings killed by the disease or the cost of replanting plantations it destroys.
A 1971 Georgia Forestry Commis-

Dr . Harry R. Powers, Jr ., Chief Re

The establishment of the two types sion fusiform rust survey shows that the

search Plant Pathologist, and Dr . John of orchards insures that a wide genetic average range of infection intensity was

F. Kraus , Principal Plant Geneticist, base is ma intained. An advantage of the very simi lar in both loblolly pine, 53-64

USDA, Forest Service, have been work grafted orchard is that the clones have percent, and slash pine, 50-72 percent.

ing since 1968 to find and bring resis- already been tested for rust resistance There was progressively more infection

tant lines of both loblolly and slash

prior to the orchard's establishment. A from north to south for loblolly pine

pines into clone banks. Primary empha- benefit of the seedling seed orchard is with the opposite true for slash pine .

sis in these selections was always on

potential disease resistance, but the se-

lected trees were also from families

with fast growth and high yield. Seed-

lings from the selected trees have been

tested for disease resistance by artificial

inoculation with the rust fungus. The

results of these greenhouse tests are a

good indication of how well the seed-

lings will resist the disease in field

plantings.

The trees that produced the most re-

sistant progeny in these tests were used

in the development of the grafted and

seed Iing seed orchards.

The seed lings used in planting the

seedling seed orchards are from families

with high rust resistance and with most

of the susceptible trees removed during

the artificial inoculation tests. There are

500 trees planted per acre. It is ex-

pected that at least 90 percent will be

eliminated after field evaluations. The

evaluations will be based on growth

rates and other favorable characteristics as well as rust resistance under field conditions.

From the incubation room, the trees are put in a greenhouse for 6-9 months. At the

end of this period, each seedling is examined for fusiform rust. From this examina-

tion, a degree of rust resistance is obtained. Photo by USFS.

13

LETTERS
FIRE SUPPRESSION
Every member of the Polk County Forestry Unit along with every voluntary unit in Polk County. Bob Kennedy with the Hiwassee Unit, and pilot Curtis Dowis deserve a heap of praise and thanks for the fine efforts put forth in stopping the fire that threatened Bible Baptist Church on Saturday, February 19, 1977.
If it had not been for your swift action, the Church along with several buses and cars would have been burned up. Again we say THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
James W. Cobb, Pastor Bible Baptist Church Rockmart, Georgia
Recently I had a brush fire on my property off Fairview Road near Highway 138. At the request of the Rockdale Fire Department, Bobbie Crowe responded with a bulldozer. It is a mystery to me how he got there so fast and had the fire confined with a fire break in no time. I do know that he worked very hard, and is a dedicated individual.
Please relay my gratitude to Bobbie Crowe for a job well done.
R. Lambert Sillesky Decatur. Georgia
We want to take this opportunity to thank the Members of the Rural Fire Defense Unit of Dudley, Georgia for their response to a fire at the Forestry Tower Headquarters area out from Dublin. We all appreciate this very much needed cooperation and concern and interest.
We also thank Mr. Stanley Wynn and Mr. James Morris of the Laurens County Forestry Unit for having responded to this fire also.
The people in the vicinity who live out that way all appreciate the alertness and the response that was made reference to above.

My congratulations to Mr. Larry Reynolds and h1s staff for an outstanding job in fighting the fire yesterday. Your department responded quickly and efficiently, and I compliment you on your initiative and leadership.
Please pass along our sincere appreciation to your crew.
Call on us whenever we can be of assistance to you.
Hal Northrop Callaway Gardens Pine Mountain. Georgia
ASSISTANCE
Just a note to tell you how much I appreciate the fine services I have received from Forester Frank J. Pullen and Ranger Robert Holland. Also. the other members of the Talbot County Forestry Unit. They are a hard working bunch and deserve any and all recognition that they can possibly receive.
Again thanks for the service.
Tom T. Griffith Talbotton, Georgia
I wish to thank Mr. Crawford Cooper and Mr. Bill Demore for presenting the most interesting program to the Woman's Club on February 17. We thoroughly enjoyed it and I will be getting in touch with you again in the next few months as we would like to get you to present the other program that you told me about which you thought we would be interested in.
Everyone enjoyed having you and we just want you both to know that we appreciate you taking your time to come.
Mrs. D. G. Stebbins President Cleveland Woman's Club Cleveland, Georgia Thank you tor meeting with us last Wednesday. You provided us with much insight into the management of Georgia's timber resource.

We don't take it for granted and we wanted to take this opportunity to send our most sincere thanks to you all for what you did to stop and contain a fire that could have gotten out of hand.

Kindest regards.

P.M. Watson, Jr. P.M. Watson Company Dublin, Georgia

THANKS--To friends. neighbors, passing motorists, the Walker County Forestry Unit and the fire department from Walker Correctional Institute for their help in fighting a raging fire on my farm on Saturday, February 19, 1977.

Joe E. Perry

14

LaFayette, Georgia

We certainly appreciate the efforts of you and your staff on our behalf. We will probably be in touch with you at some future point after we have had a chance to digest the information you provided us.
Steven J. Snyder The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. Boston. Massachusetts
EDUCATION
The complete staff of the Georgia Safety Council join me in appreciation to Louie Deaton for his time, energy, knowhow and contribution to our Camp Safety Seminar on April 26, 1977 at the Atlanta Baptist Assembly Campgrounds.
Libbee Bixler. Chairman Camp Safety Seminar Georgia Safety Council Atlanta, Georgia

Thanks to James Scott for again visiting my class with his presentation of poisonou~ plants. The children are very alert and were especially interested in this phase of study visitors. direct experiences and people who show their concern as you show. help our teaching to youngsters.
Hildred Hicks Levi Ringgold, Georgia
We appreciate your visit to our classrooms at Belwood School. It was nice of you to use your time and facilities to explain your career to our students. This was very beneficial to our "Career Awareness" program at Belwood.
Mrs. Barbara Overton Mrs. LaRue Williams Mrs. Shirley Bennett Belwood School Calhoun, Georgia
While this a somewhat belated thank you, Troop 566 wishes to thank you for the Iiterature, posters, etc., which we used in our Thunderbird District Scout Show.
The people who visited our booth at the Scout Show were very anxious to talk about the displays and seemed equally happy to take copies of the documents and some of the trees to plant. We won a first place ribbon for the display which certainly would not have been possible without the help of tbe Georgia Forestry Commission.
Carl Scheuneman Troop 566 BSA Warner Robins, Georgia
TOURS
A few weeks ago, Royal Ranger Outpost 22 of the Assembly of God Tabernacle, was priviledged to pay a v1sit to the South Fulton Forestry Unit. It is with this visit in mind that I take the opportunity on behalf of our entire outpost to personally extend our deepest appreciation for a thoroughly enjoyable and informative evening.
The expertise and wide knowledge of forestry was evident to all. Georgians can take great pride in knowing our natural resources are being protected.
Del Keheley Assembly of God Tabernacle Atlanta, Georgia
wish to express my thanks for the excellent program presented to the Southern Bell Business Services and Facilities Group.
Of all the programs that have been presented in the past to these groups, yours has received. the most compliments. It was educational and well planned.
Shirley Saxon Southern Bell Marietta, Georgia

Logging The Foresters...
Service Awards

Michael R. Williams
PERSONNEL. ..GERALD D. TAYLOR, patrolman, promoted to assistant ranger, Bacon-Coffee Forestry Unit ...MI CHAEL R. WILLIAMS, new forester , Macon, Marion, Schley, and Taylor Counties .

20 Years
William G. Edwards ..... Ranger Lawrenceville, Ga . June 1957
Howard W. Stanley ... .. Nursery Supt. Reidsville, Ga. May 1957
25 Years

30 Years
Ms . Clarice W. Manry ..Cierk-Typist Americus, Ga. Apr. 1947
Henry A. Slentz.. ........ Aircraft Pilot Macon, Ga . Oct. 1952

Joe Young... ...... ..... .... Mechanic Macon , Ga . May 1952
MEETINGS ...SOCIETY of American Foresters, Albuquerque , N. M., Oct. 2-6 ...AMERICAN Forestry Association, Monterey, CA, Oct. 16-19.

LANDMARK...Big Hammock, a 750 acre state -owned forest in Tattnall County , has been designated a natural land mark by the federal government. The forest contains several unique plant communities including a broadleaf evergreen hammock forest. It was added to the National Registry of National Landmarks last year. The National Park Service , Department of Interior, oversees the landmark program. There are 10 areas in Georgia on the Iist.

RETI REMENT .. .JAMES T . BRADDY, SR ., maintenance mechanic, Dixon Memor ial State Forest, July 1, 1956-July 1' 1977.

Jincy Turner, 16, Metter, is the 1977 Miss Gum Spirits. She succeeds Miss Jamie Andrews of Adel. Miss Turner is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Andrews.

John B. Oliff, right, Douglas, receives the 1977 Environmental Educator Award pre-

sented by the Georgia Chapter, Soil Conservation Society of America. Making the

presentation is Charles B. Place, Jr., chairman, Environmental Education Division,

Georgia Chapter, SCSA and education assistant, Georgia Forestry Commission,

Macon. Oliff was cited for his unique method of instructing farm planning at the

Natural Resources Conservation Workshop held annually at Abraham Baldwin

Agricultural College, Tifton .

15

Georgia FORESTRY
September, 1977
TREE QUESTION This card is located 4 feet from the ground. If the tree grows 1 foot a year and the card is still on the tree, how long would it be before the card was 8 feet above the ground? Answer: The card would never move up; a tree grows taller only from the tips of the twigs.
* Boy Scouts of America

SECOND CLASS POSTAGE PAID AT ROME, GEORGIA