Georgia forestry, Vol. 28, no. 1 (Mar. 1975)

"A tree just stands silently , looking beautiful, wearing the seasons, telling time, and sharing with anyone who cares . "
by Susan McCluskey

Georgia Forestry

Mar. 1975 No.1

Vol. 30 /

George Busbee - Governor A. Ray Shirley - Director

BOARD OF COMMISSIONERS

W. George Beasley Felton Denny Eley C. Frazer, Ill L. H. Morgan H. E. Williams

Lavonia Carrollton
Albany Eastman Woodbine

STAFF
Frank E. Craven - Editor Thomas R. Fontaine, Jr. - Assoc. Editor Thomas B. Hall- Artist

DISTRICT OFFICES GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION
COOSA VALLEY DISTRICT P. 0. Box Z, Mount Berry 30149
NORTH GEORGIA DISTRICT Route 5, Box 83, Canton 30114
ATLANTA DISTRICT 7 Hunter St., S.W., Room 545, Atlanta 30334
CHATTAHOOCHEE FLINT P.O. Box 108~Newnan30263
MCINTOSH TRAIL Route 7, Box 455, Griffin 30223
LOWER CHATTAHOOCHEE DISTRICT 6250 Warm Springs Road, Columbus 31904
MIDDLE FLINT DISTRICT P. 0. Box 1369, Americus 31730
COASTAL PLAIN DISTRICT Route 2, Ashburn 31714
SOUTHWEST GEORGIA DISTRICT Route 2, Box 215, Camilla 31730
GEORGIA SOUTHERN DISTRICT Route 2, Statesboro 30458
COASTAL DISTRICT P. 0. Box 113, Midway 31320
SLASH PINE DISTRICT Route 2, Box 127B, Waycross 31501
CENTRAL SAVANNAH RIVER DISTRICT Route 2, Box 266, Washington 30673
GEORGIA MOUNTAINS P. 0. Box 293, Oakwood 30566
NORTHEAST GEORGIA DISTRICT 650 College Station Road, Athens 30601
HEART OF GEORGIA DISTRICT P. 0. Box 96, Me Rae 31055
Ml DOLE GEORGIA DISTRICT Columbus Road, Route 8, Macon 31206
OCONEE DISTRICT P. 0. Box 881, Milledgeville 31061
Georgia Forestry is published quar-terly by the Georgia Forestry Commission, Box 819, Macon, Ga. 31202. The Georgia Forestry mailing address is Rt. 1, Box 85, Dry Branch, Ga. 31020.
Second class postage paid at Dry Branch, Ga.

CONTENTS

Susan McCluskey Is Essay Winner .................................................................... .

3

Commission Report Reflects Service to State's Woodland Owners...................

4

Georgia Leads in Pulpwood Production ............................................................

5

RFD Equipment Show Held.............................................................................

6

The Small Landowner's Mismanaged Woodland - Fact Or Fiction .................... 7-9

Forestry Faces and PI aces................................................................................. 10-11

Rust Resistant Pines For Georgia...................................................................... 12

Tree Trails For Youth....................................................................................... 13

Logging The Foresters....................................................................................... 14-15

Number Please

We extend our apologies to all who have encountered problems in telephoning our Macon and Atlanta office personnel during the past three months. The following listing is for your convenience.

Macon Office

Director................... . Administration ........ . Forest Education .... .. Forest Management... Forest Protection ......

(912) 744-3237 (912) 744-3231 (912) 744-3251 (912) 744-3241 (912) 744-3253

Reforestation............ (912) 744-3243 Rural Fire Defense.... (912) 744-3285 Atlanta Office
Personnel ................. . (404) 656-3203

Cruising The News
Bicentennial Preparations
and Time for Reflections
It won't be long until this Nation is 200 years old, a mere baby in the annals of time, and in comparison to the older nations of the world.
During those 198 years the United States of America has come a long way and is yet in its infancy.
For the next several months a lot of plans will be made in every state in America for the 1976 Bicentennial. Georgia is no exception in these plans, nor should she be.
The colonial rallying cry, "Let's meet at the Liberty Tree," will ring out again for this State's Bicentennial celebration. Last year, Governor Jimmy Carter and members of the Georgia Commission for the National Bicentennial Celebration planted the first of Georgia's new "Liberty Trees." Thirty-five local Bicentennial committees around the State also planted "Liberty Trees."
During the American Revolution, patriots often gathered at nearby "Liberty Trees" to discuss events that were shaping their lives. To commemorate these important meeting places, the Georgia Bicentennial Commission and the Georgia Forestry Commission are providing local Bicentennial committees with a "Liberty Tree" -a seedling of Georgia's state tree, the live oak. Governor Carter planted a California redwood seedling on the Capitol lawn. As a Bicentennial program, the State of California is presenting "Liberty Trees" in the form of redwood seedlings to each of the 13 original states in commemoration of the closing of the Port of Boston in 1774. This event resulted in demonstrations by the other colonies of concern for the people of Boston and influenced the course of America's movement toward independence.
According to A. K. Johnson, executive director of the Georgia Bicentennial Commission, "During the Bicentennial celebration, these trees will serve as reminders of the importance of community involvement in determining the course of history."
As the people of this great Nation prepare for that Bicentennial, it would afford all of us an ideal opportunity to look in retrospect at some of the things that made this Nation great. It may help a lot of us in recapturing the respect that has been lost for America and Americans.
(From the Daily Citizen-News, Dalton)

. Susan McCluskey Is Essay Winner

FIRST PLACE
"A TREE JUST STANDS SILENTLY, LOOKING BEAUTIFUL, WEARING THE SEASONS, TELLING TIME AND WEATHER. AND, SHARING WITH ANYONE WHO CARES. "
by Susan McCluskey

SECO DPLACE
"IT IS A ROOF OVER MY HEAD. A FRAME FOR MY BED. BRANCHES TO CLIMB, AND HIDE BEHIND. I WISH ALL TREES WERE MINE."
by Lisa Hesterlee

Susan McCluskey, nine, took first place in the statewide "What A Tree Means To Me"

THIRD PLACE

essay contest. She is the daughter of Dr. and Mrs. George M. McCluskey. Susan receives her plaque from Frank Craven, chief, Forest Education, Georgia Forestry Com mission. Taking part in the ceremony is Mrs. McCluskey.

"A TREE TO ME MEANS AIR TO BREATHE, A HOUSE TO LIVE IN, A HOME FOR THE ANIMALS, AND A

Susan McCluskey, nine year old

The contest, open to all third , fourth FUN PLACE TO PLAY."

daughter of Dr. and Mrs . George M. ~ McCluskey, Columbus, has been named
the State winner in the "What A Tree

and fifth graders in Georgia, was cosponsored by the Georgia Forestry Com m ission and the Georgia Forestry Asso -

by Randy Thompson

Means To Me" essay contest.

ciation . Approximately 80,000 young-

Taking second place, statewide, was sters entered an essay in the contest.

Lisa Hesterlee, ten year old daughter of

Mr . and Mrs . Larry C. Hesterlee, New-

nan . Thi rd place was won by Randy

Thompson , nine year old son of Mr . and

, Mrs. Ronald L. Thompson, Cochran.

Susan is a fourth grade student at the

Clubview Elementary School. Lisa is in

the fifth grade at the Eastside Elemen-

tary School. Randy attends the Bleckley

County Elementary School in the fourth

grade .

The State winner received a $100

Savings Bond for tak ing first place state -

wide. The second and third place win-

ners received $50 and $25 Savings Bonds

respectively . In addition they received a

plaqu e.

On the District level, fi rst place win-

ners received a $25 Savings Bond, and

t he second and third place winners re-

~e i ved $1 0 and $5 cash awards . All

county winners received a certificate Reviewing Miss Susan McCluskey 's winning essay is the panel of three judges and

and a packet of tree seedl ings .

Frank Craven, chief, Forest Education Division, Georgia Forestry Commission, stand-

All prizes were awarded on Arbor ing. The judges are, 1-r, Mrs. Doris Martin , public service direc tor, WMA Z- TV, Macon;

Day, Feb . 21, 1975. In Georgia Arbor Mrs. Mina White, publications coordinator, Georgia Bicentennial Commission , Atlan-

._ Day is observed on the third Friday in ta; and Walker Robertson, 4H youth development, Cooperative Extension Service,

February.

Athens.

3

Forest disasters hit state, average size wildfire below four acres and second generation of improved "super" tree seed Iings established.
These highlights are depicted in the 1974 annua l report of the Georgia Forestry Commission, Ray Shirley, director.
Every effort was expended on assist ing landowners in timber sa lvage relating to tornadoes and two unrelated southern pine beetle attacks. The Forest Disaster Con trol and Recov ery Pl an was initiated on each of the three occasions based on Forestry Commission surveys and there commendation of the Georgia Forestry A ssociation. The cooperative efforts of landowners, forest industry, pulpwood dealers and produc~rs, other manufacturers of wood products and transportation resulted in the salvage of 284,722 cords of wood .
The beetle disaster counties were Ch atham, Cl arke, Elbert, Franklin, Hall, Hart, Madison and Oconee . The tornado disaster area involved 12 counties. They were Ba rtow, Cherokee, Dawson, Fan nin, Gilmer, Gordon , Haralson, Lump kin, Murray, Pau lding, Pickens and Whit field.
Preventive legislation was enacted by the 1974 General Assembly. A forest in sect and disease control act was signed into law by Governor Jimmy Carter which permits an ongoing and continuous program of protection, detection and education along with appropr iate control measures .
4

The wildfire average of 3 .89 acres per fire was 1.5 acres below the 10-year average for the 1960's. However, wild fire occurrence topped the 10,000 mark for only the fourth time in the past 20years. This was primarily due to a 51 percent increase in incendiary fires, and a 30 percent increase in debris burning blazes. More than 42 percent of the fires, 4,591, and 52 percent of the acreage burned, 22,370, occurred in February and March.
The genetically improved tree seedling program continued to grow with the establishment of a slash pine second generation seed Iing seed orchard at the Baldwin State Forest near Milledgeville . There were 9,000 tree seedlings planted .
Georgia landowners purchased 39.6 million tree seedlings. The improved stock accounted for 76 .3 percent of the production. Since 1964 more than 171 million "super" tree seedlings have been _.,grown and shipped to Georgia landowners.
Through a wide variety of educational programs, the Forestry Commission strives to reach all Georgians with the importance of maintaining its forest resources in a multiple use condition .
Wildfire occurrence topped the 10,000 mark for only the fourth time in the past 20-years.
The establishment of a slash pine second generation seedling seed orchard marked the continued growth of the genetically improved tree seedling program.

Georgia, for the 26th consecutive year, led the South in pulpwood produc tion. The 1973 production of 7,866,300 cords represents a four percent increase over the 1972 production, according to the report Sou thern Pulpwood Produc tion, 1973, re leased by the Forest Ser vice, U . S. Department of Agriculture .
Alabama was second with a production of 7,172,200 cords of round pulpwood and residues.
South ern pulpwood production in 1973 increased six percent representin g 47 ,1 06,600 cords . This production ac counted for 66 percent of the nation 's pulpwood supply.
Other southern states producing more than two million cords were Arkansas, Flo r ida, Loui siana, Mississippi, North and South Carolina, Texas and Virginia.
For the fourth consecut ive year, the South's forests produced more than one billion dollars worth of pulpwood in 1973 according to the Southern Forest Institute, Atlanta.
The value of pulpwood harvested and delivered to the South ' s 111 pulp and paper mills was $1,177,665,000 . Geor gia's pulpwood harvest value was $196,657,500.
Pulpwood harvest values fo r other southern states were Ala. , 5179,305,000 ; Miss. , $132,992,500 ; La., $11 0,882,500 ; N .C., $1 05 ,815,000; S.C., $93,782,500; and Te x ., $90,317,500.

Others were Fl a., $87 ,28 5,000 ; A rk., $84,390,000 ; V a., $63,785,000; Tenn., $17 ,035,000 ; and Okl a., $15,417,500.
Georgi a had six of the 78 counties that produced over 100 ,000 cords each . Cl inch Cou nty led Georgia with a pro duction of 156,148 cords of round pulpwood. The other Georgi a counties were Charlton , L iberty, Stewart , Ware an d Wayne .
Georgia was first in the output of wood residue with 1,774,200 cords. Thi s is a 14 percent increase over 1972. Wood residue production in the South was more than 12.7 million cords, a 17 per cent increase over the previous year.
The daily pulping capacity for Geor gia ' s 15 pulp mills was 15,284 tons per day. This is an increase of 1,051 tons per day for the reporting period.
The 111 mills in the South had pulp ing capacities totaling 92,255 tons per day. This is an increase of five percent over 1972. Over two-thirds of the in crease were from expansion and modern ization of existing facilities.
The report includes charts and graphs on the number of companies procuring wood, mill capacity, production in creases and declines and detailed tables on all phases of production by state. Round hardwood and pine pulpwood production cordage is Iisted by state and county.
5

RFD

Equipment Show

Fred Baker Coordinator

Held

A one day Fire Equipment Show and Demonstration was held recently at the Georgia Forestry Center, Macon.
Ray Shirley, director, Georgia Fores try Commission, said that approx imate ly 350 Rural Fire Defense coope rators , including city and county officials and RFD fire chiefs and their personnel

attended. Shirley added that the show and de-
monstration brought consumer and suppi ier together . A constant effort is being made to improve rural fire protection through more efficient equipment . It is felt this can best be done by acquainting the RFD cooperators with the deal -

ers that provide this type of equipment, Shirley emphasized.
Fred Baker, coordinator, Forestry Commission Rural Fire Defense Pro gram, pointed out that f ire fighting and related equipment was on display for the cooperators viewing. This included pumpers, tankers, pumps, hose, nozzles, reels and fire extinguishers . Trucks and tanks on loan to RFD departments, that have been developed into fire fighting units by them, were di splayed as well as the basic piece of equipme nt loaned by the Forestry Commission.
The RFD Program is under the provisions of the Georgia Emergency and Disaster Operations Plan . The program, developed by the Forestry Commission in 1969, is conducted in cooperation with county and local governments. The equipment for the departments is on loan from the state and federal govern ments' excess property.
At the end of January 1975 there were 291 departments active in 127 counties. The volunteer rural fire control groups have 366 pieces of equipment on loan.

6

The Small Landowner's Mismanaged Woodland
Fact or Fiction ?
by : W H. McComb Research A nal yst Georgia Forestr y Commission

The terms "small woodland owner" and "poor forestry practices" have be come synonomous, since the beginn ing of the application of scientific forestry practices in the South . Early survey s and observations confirmed the val id ity of this analogy .
Now, several decades later, we still hear the cry that our fore sts' fa il ure to approach their potential yield is the fault of the small landowner .
T his remark has been sta ted so clear ly, so often, that it has become accepted as a tradition . This matter -of -fact atti tude exists in the absence of anyone actually examining the facts to deter mine the validity of the stat ement.
T he small landowner is not a unique ch aracter separate from all other individu als . He is probably above the average in capital assets; if for no other reason tha n he is a landowner, and with the high prices of land even small acreages greatly enhance his net worth.
T he small forest owner feel s no moral obligation or great urgency to grow more and better crops of timber as many over -zealou s propon ents may feel he should . He is gu ided the same as any other prudent investor, primarily by the economic benefits t hat he may expect to receive . Increased profits from his ti mber sales results in an increase d wi llingness to invest in future timber crops.
Most of the forest land in Georgia belongs to him : pr ivate (mostly small owners) 76.3 percent , public 6 .3 per cent, forest industry 17.4 percent. Most of the raw material used by th e state's forest products manufacturers is provid ed by hi m . Timber removals are as fol lows : private 73 .7 percent , publ ic 5.6 percent, ind ustry 20 .7 pe rcent .
A large deficit in t imbe r growth on these lands would cause the closing of many w ood -using plants and seriously affect the econo my .
So, there is much concern by in du stry , government and fore st leaders about t he small landowner's forest ry practices in meeting the projected demands on our f o rest in the future .
Th e t y p ical small landowner has chan ged . Two decades ago , farmers owned the maj o rity of forest land in the state. Now, those owning the largest amount of forest land cannot be classified as farmers ; they do not usually live on the land , and do not depend on the land f or the i r pr imary source of income.
7

"The small forest owner feels no moral obligation or great urgency to grow more and better crops of timber...He is guided the same as any other prudent investor... "
Returns from their forest are normally a supplement to their income; or, in many cases, their woodland is mostly used for the many pleasures of owning forest land.
As the small private landowner has changed, so has his forest practices . The measure of how good or poor a practice is can be determined by the results it achieves . The present condition of a woodland is a reflection of past forest practices. Forest acreage varies greatly by ownership class; therefore, for comparative purposes, data must be converted from a total to a per acre basis . All statistics are based on the 1961 and 1972 Forest Service Surveys.
Let's compare the practices of the private non -industrial (mostly small) owner with the ownerships in the state . Ownership classes are based on fee simple title . Leased land had very little relative influence on the various ownerships.
1. Volume of growing stock per acre on commercial forest land by ownerships - Georgia. The national forest has the greatest volume of growing stock of all ownerships carrying an inventory of 1,404 cubic feet per acre . Private non industrial has the next largest volume with 996 cubic feet per acre, with forest industry last , but with almost as much growing stock as private non-industrial with 990 cubic feet per acre. Private non-industrial has switched positions with forest industry since the 1961 survey . Between the two surveys (1961 & 1972) , forest industry and private nonindustrial gained on the national forest, but not enough to take over the lead. The national forest increased its volume by 25 percent; forest industry increased its by 36 percent and private non -indus trial increased its by 56 percent.
2. Net annual growth and removal of growing stock on commercial forest land by ownerships - Georgia. Forest
8

industry and private non-industrial's net annual growth slightly exceeded that of the national forest.
Between the last two surveys, industry increased its growth from 47 to 63 cubic feet per acre, a gain of 16 cubic feet. Private non-industrial caught up with industry by making the greatest gain, -increasing its growth from 41 to 63 cubic feet, a gain of 22 cubic feet. The national forest made a gain of 20 cubic feet per acre, from 39 to 59 cubic feet, but this was not enough to equal the annual growth of either of the other two ownerships.
Industry leads all other ownership classes in annual timber removal per acre, with removals of 49 cubic feet per acre. Private non-industrial holdings rank second with 40 cubic feet per acre annually, and the national forest has considerably less removals than either of these two with 18 cubic feet per acre annually.
According to the 1961 survey, removals on private non-industrial holdings led all other ownerships. But, re movals on industrial lands by 1972 had increased by 32 percent, and passed removal s by private non -industrial ownership which increased removals by only three percent . The national forest, although increasing its removals by 50 percent, still fell far short of removals by industry and non -industrial holdings.
It is axiomatic that if removals ex -

ceed growth of a forest over an extended period of time, then the forest will cease to be a reliable source of raw material. Conversely, the only means to increase the inventory of a forest is for the growth to exceed the removals.
The national forest, although carrying the largest inventory of the other two ownerships, continues to increase its growing stock volume by adding 41 cubic feet per acre annually, this being the amount of excess growth over removals.
Private non-industrial is adding the next largest amount annually, 23 cubic feet per acre. Forest industry, due primarily to the amount they are cutting annually on its lands, contributed only 14 cubic feet per acre annually to their growing stock inventory .
3. Acres of forest planting by ownership classes - Georgia. Forest industry, having one-fourth the forest land as private non -industrial , planted almost twice the area planted by private non-industrial between 1961 and 1971 inclusive .
Forest industry, owning about five times the forest acreage as the national forest, planted more than twenty-four times 1:he amount the national forest planted . Between 1961 and 1971 inclusive, the national forest planted 4.0 percent of its total forest area, forest industry planted 18.6 percent of its total forest area, and private non-industrial planted 2.2 percent of its total forest area.
The amount of planting by industry will have a very favorable impact on fu-

"Forest industry, having one-fourth the forest land as private non-industrial, planted almost twice the area planted by private non-industrial between 1961 and 1971 inclusive."
ture growth and stocking on its forest land provided cutting does not increase to a level that negates its effect.
4. Area of non-stocked commercial forest land by ownership (percent)

Georgia, 1971. The national forest has the least portion of its forest land nonstocked, and therefore, less opportunity for planting than private non-industrial or forest industry . The last survey re veals that there is no significant amount of non-stocked areas on the national forest. In spite of the large amount of area planted by forest industry, they still have more non-stocked area (3.11 percent) than private non-industrial holdings which have 2.57 percent of their area non-stocked.
5. Stocking - percent of commercial forest land 60 percent or better stocked by ownership -Georgia. Forest industry has the best stocking with 80.4 percent of its commercial forest area being medium (60 percent stocked) or better stocked. Non-industrial private ranks second with 78.0 percent, and the national forest last with 73.4 percent.
6. Mortality of growing stock on commercial forest land- Georgia 1971. The national forest had the most mor-
<
tal ity (9.9 cubic feet per acre). followed by private non-industrial (6.1 cubic feet per acre). with forest industry having the least (6.0 cubic feet per acre).
The degree of good forestry management practices as applied by the primary ownership classes in the state as is reflected by the present condition of their woodlands reveals the following:
Volume is greater on the national forest than on the other two ownerships with non-industrial private ranking second with sl.ightly more volume than forest industry.

Forest industry and private nonindustrial have the same net annual growth, which is slightly better than the annual growth on the national forest. Forest industry leads in the net annual removal of growing stock, private nonindustrial ranks second with national forest third, trailing considerably behind . The national forest is increasing its volume of growing stock considerably more than private non-industrial and industrial ownerships (growth over removals). Private non-industrial ranks second with a considerably greater increase than third ranking industrial lands.
Forest industry far exceeds the other ownerships in the portion of each ownership planted to trees between the last two surveys. The national forest ranks second with private non-industrial a poor third. Industrial planting should have a very favorable impact on their future forest resources if they can maintain a good future growth-drain relationship .
The national forest has practically no non-stocked area. Non-industrial private ranks second and forest industry has the largest amount.
Forest industry outranks the other two ownerships in the portion of its forest land that is medium or better stocked. Non-industrial private ranks second with the national forest last.
The national forest has the largest mortality which is about 62 percent greater than the other two ownerships, which have nearly the same

" ...the only means to increase the inventory of a forest is for the growth to exceed the removals."

Forestry Faces
and Meriwether Counties . The tree joins 21 other Georgia trees
as national champions . Persons interested in nominating any
species are asked to contact their local Forestry Unit of the Georgia Forestry Commission .

CANDLER COUNTY

..... Residents of South Pine Knoll Dr ive, Macon, are in the midst of a neighborhood beautification program . Area residents receiving their Japanese yoshino cherry trees are, lr, Hugh D. Howard, Frank H. Jones, Vernon H. Scarborough, Jr. and W. Dodson Awtrey . John W. Clarke , right, forester, Georgia Forestry Commission, instructed the residents on proper planting procedures. The trees were donated by W. A . Fickling, Sr . The project was coord inated by Mrs. Hugh Howa rd.
height of 35 feet and an average crown spread of 15 feet .
The Georgia Oak occurs only in Georgia and is restricted to a few granite hills in DeKalb, Walton, Jackson, Polk

.....There are 88 ,900 commercial forest ac res in Candler County . This represents 55 .3 percent of the land area .
Approximately 88 .8 percent of the commercial forest acreage is privately owned . Industry owned forest acres are 11 .2 percent .

~The nation's la rgest Georgia Oak has been found near Monroe on property owned by Will ie 0 . Dubo is. The property is located in the Youth Community .
The tree was nominated by John and Dawn Dick inson of Monroe . Dick inson , above , is a foreste r with the Georgia Forestry Commission.
The measurements of the tree reveal a circumference of 23 3/4 inches, a 10

.....The new officers of the Southeastern Section, Society of American Foresters are, 1-r, ch airman , Billy C. Bond, division manager, Southern Timberlands Division, Ham mermill Papers, Selma, Ala. ; chairman-elect, William F. Chestnutt, area representa tive, Southern Forest Institute, Atlanta ; and secretary-treasurer, James E. Bylsma, recreation, I&E, soil and water staff officer, U.S . Forest Service, Montgomery, Ala .

And Places

The forest acreage has a growing volume of 84.3 million cubic. feet. The annual cut is 3 .7 million cubic feet, and the annual growth is 3.9 million cubic feet.
There are approximately 37,900 acres in need of site preparation and/or planting in Candler County. About 25 percent of the acreage is in oak-hickory.
There were 16,399 cords of round pulpwood produced in the county in 1973. The highest production, 24,639 cords, occurred in 1970. Since 1946, production has totaled 366,324 cords of round pulpwood.
There are approximately six wood using industries in Candler County employing 54 persons with an annual pay roll of more than $259,292. The pro ducts produced by the industries include green and air dried lumber, pulpwood , chips and crossties.

.....Ms. Judy L. Dudley, secretary of the Georgia Forestry Commission's Athens District Office , has been presented a cash award in the State Employees Suggestion Awards Program. Ms . Dudley's suggestion dealt with invoice logs maintained for fiscal control. In the past, each vendor had a separate page and the log was kept daily. Her suggestion eliminated these separate pages, thereby saving a large amount of paper . The certificate was presented to Ms. Dudley by her supervisor, Theron Devereaux, Athens District forester.

~The IRS has provided written clarifi cation on capitali zing incentives pay ments.
The landowner's out-of -pocket cost and the federal cost share payment he receives for accomplishing a forestry

practice can be capital ized and then recovered through depletion allowance when the timber is sold.
Incentives payments must be reported as ordinary income .
For more details write to Keith Utz,

~The Georgia Forestry Commission entry won first place in the 1974 Macon Christmas parade. Riding the float is Fran Crouch , the 1974 Miss Wilkinson County Forestry Queen. Miss Crouch is the daughter of Mr . and Mrs. Vernon Crouch .

Southeastern Area, State and Private Forestry, 1720 Peachtree Road, N. W., Atlanta, Ga . 30309 .
..A conference on Feasibility Studies and Appraisal of Land, Timber and Trees has been scheduled for May 26-28 at the Center for Continuing Education, University of Georgia, Athens. The purpose of the conference is to provide for esters with up-to-date, practical infor mation on appraising real estate and timber; valuation of shade trees and ornamental trees; and feasibility studies for wood using industries .
The course, open to foresters , will cost approximately $100.
The Instructional Staff will consist of Lewis C. Garber, Real Estate Appraiser, Nashville, Tennessee; F. Herbert Robertson, Consultant Forester, Panama City, Florida; and Lewis C. Peters, Consultant Forester, Baton Rouge, Louisiana.
The course is being sponsored by the Committee on Continuing Education For Forest Resources Personnel.
Further information may be obtained from Dr. Leonard A. Hampton, Assistant Director for Program Evaluation and Special Projects, Center for Continuing Education, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602.
11

A 1971 Georgia Forestry Commission fusiform rust survey shows that the average range of infection intensity was very similar in both slash pine, 50-72 percent, and loblolly pine, 53-64 percent. There was progressively more infection from north to south for loblolly pine with the opposite true for slash pine.

Rust Resistant

Pines For Georgia

Fusiform rust is a major enemy of southern pines, especially in Georgia. This rust, the South's most serious tree disease, is particularly damaging to planted slash and loblolly pines. And recent surveys have shown that Georgia has the highest rate of rust infestion in the South . In the central part of the state, for example, 42 percent of over 167 m illion planted slash pines have rust infections on their ste ms . Southwide, losses in production have been conservatively estimated at over $28 mil li on pe r yea r, and th is figure does not include the value of young seedlings killed by the d isease or the cost of re plantin g plantations it destroys.
To strike back at this enemy, Ray Sh irley, director, Georgia Forestry Com mission , has announced the start of a new cooperative program between the Comm ission and the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station . The goal is to provide landowners in the areas of high
12

rust hazard with resistant seed Iings within a few years.
Selecting and breeding resistant strains of pine seems to be the most pract ical way to control the disease , but this process takes time . Harry Powers and John Kraus, USDA Forest Service Researchers, have been working since 1968 to find and bring resistant lines of both slash and loblolly pines into clone banks . Pr imary emphasis in these selections was always on potential disease resistance, but the selected trees were also fro m families with fast growth and high yiel d . SeedIings from the selected trees have been tested for disease resistance by artificia l inoculation with the rust fungus . The results of these greenhouse tests are a good indi catio n of how well the seedlings will resist t he disease in field plantin gs.
Th ese results have been so encouraging that Shirley has decided to begin a seed orchard program using the select

trees that have been collected. Landowners who are having severe rust problems need the most disease resistant stock that can be produced as quickly as possible, and the goal of the new pro gram is to provide that stock . James Wynens, chief , Reforestation Division, Georgia Forestry Commission, will integrate this work into the State's seed production program.
The best selections, that are currently available, will be planted in seed production orchards on the Baldwin State Forest . It is hoped that these orchards will be producing some seeds in five to six years . Estimates are that the first generation of seedlings produced will cut disease losses by 50 percent. -since the initial supply of seeds will be small, distribution will probably have to be limited to areas where furiform rust is most serious.
As the program proceeds, additional selections will be obtained through breeding . There is every indication that these seedlings will eventually reduce losses to rust by 70 to 75 percent.

Spencer McGraw, forest ranger for Haralson and Polk Counties has constructed four tree trails in Haralson County. This is the entrance to the Trail located at the First Baptist Church Camp, Camp Wassee. Others are located at the Bre-
men Elementary School, H. A. Jones School and on the J. Mac Griffith pro-
perty located on Morgan Road.

In keeping with today's interest in the environment, particularly among young people, Spencer McGraw, Forest Ranger for Haralson and Polk Counties, has constructed four Tree Trails in Haralson County.
The trails are located at Bremen Elementary School, H. A. Jones School, Camp Wassee located on the Tallapoosa River and on the J. Mac Griffith property located on Morgan Road .
According to Ranger McGraw, the trails are heavily used by youth groups and the schools. He has identified existing trees and planted seedlings of species not found on the property. The trees are identified with markers giving the tree's name and the uses of the tree. McGraw has built attractive entrance signs to the Trails using material acquired locally free of charge. He had high praise for the Boy Scout Troop led by J. Mac Griffith who assisted in building the walking trail and foot bridges making the Tree Trail on the Griffi th property easily accessible.

Crew members of the Haralson County Forestry Un it assisted with the entrance, foot paths, foot logs and tree signs. They are Waylon Golden, James Moore and Cecil Summerville. McGraw said that the men became enthused with the project and offered many suggestions on improving the trail such as having printed guides, a test upon completing the trail and a stora ge box for literature . These and other improvements will continually be made, McGraw said.
Additional information concerning the Trails may be obtained by contacting the Haralson County Forestry Unit at 646-5501 or going by the office located between Bremen and Buchanan on U. S. 27 .

This is a post oak tree found on the J. Mac Griffith property, one of four tree trail locations. Others are located at Camp Wassee, Bremen Elementary
School and the H. A. Jones School. 13

LETTERS
RURAL FIRE DEFENSE
Recently we attended your fire fighting show, and found that it was very impressive. We are especially pleased with the R F D program that has been established throughout the state.
In a recent accident, involving a gas truck, we used the R F D truck along with the Georgia National Guard Foam Truck to keep the gasoline from exploding . We find, that the small gas pump, that we have mounted on the back of the RFD truck, is ideal in fighting grass fires.
We appreciate the use of our RFD truck in our fire department.
Donnie Holliday Fire Chief Statham Barrow Fire Dept. Statham, Georgia
SEE[)LING ORDERING

For the third time, Mr. Charles Pl ace has given me very necessary and valuable assistance with an ecology workshop. His preparation and plans are so thorough that everything moves like clockwork .
I do feel that the workshops are effective in that the teachers seem to enjoy them and also what they experience is carried into the classroom. Then, too, there is better reception for follow up suggestions.
Thank you for your cooperation.
Martha Saunders Science Consu Ita nt CESA Eastman, Georgia
FAIR
We sincerely hope that your participation in the 1974 Southeastern State Fair proved to be a rewarding experience - as we would like to have you come back and exhibit with us in 1975.
As you know , the Fair is a service organization designed to promote the interests of Georgia Agriculture, Education and Industry.

It is a pleasure this day and time to be able to commend people in public service. I believe in rewarding in my own small way, people who are patient and thorough , as well as courteous .
Your office in Canton is lucky to have the entire staff, and all others I have talked to, who are courteous and eager to help.
I ordered some seedlings through them and have called them several times for advice and information and never have I been other than elated with them in all respects.
I wish all our state agencies and service bodies were as nice and dependable.
D. W. Silver Marietta, Georgia
EDUCATION

Thank you for your participation.
Mrs. " Sis" Hardy Director of Special Activities Southeastern State Fair Atlanta, Georgia
Fl RE SUPPRESSION
Recently, Mr. Ray V. Bartley called upon Mr. Charles Dunn and his men to put out a wood fire on my farm in Murray County. Mr. Bartley said that he responded very quick ly and as a result were ab le to get the fire extinguished and kept the damage to a minimum. I want to express my appreciation for his efforts and thank him and his men for such prompt attention and service. It is very comforting to know that we are protected in such an efficient way and by such cooperative personnel.

We appreciate Mr. Louie Deaton taking time out of his busy schedule to come to our school and present our students a program on Fire Prevention in the Forest.
This year we are making an effort to have community helpers come into the school and present programs to the students as part of our Social Studies.
We appreciate him being a vital part of this program .

Jack R. Proffitt Profitt Textile Company Dalton, Georgia
TOUR
Please express our thanks to Messrs' Frank Craven and Paul Butts for hosting our Japanese visitor. He was impressed with your staff and offices, and asked numerous questions about the State, Federal and Private cooperative programs.

Linda F. Jordan Principal Annette Winn Elementary Lithia Springs, Georgi a
14

Sidney Weitzman Area Director USDA, Forest Service Atlanta, Georgia

Logging The
Miss Sarah Denney, Carrollton, was named first runner-up, and was crowned as a princess of the American Royal at the National FFA Convention. Miss Denney is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Felton Denney, Carrollton. Photo by Georgia Department of Education.
Roger L. Sherman has been appointed to the newly created position of chief forester for the Forest Farmers Association which is headquartered in Atlanta. J. Walter Myers, Jr., executive vice president, FFA, said that Sherman's duties will include responsibilities in publishing of the Forest Farmer magazine and Forest Farmer Manual.

Foresters ...
IN MEMORIAM ...JAMES T. BOSTON , 68, worked with the Georgia Forestry Comm ission for 33 years . He retired in September 1971 . Boston was ranger of the Bartow County Forestry Unit at the time of his retirement ...CARL E. SANSON , 43, was a radio technician with the Forestry Commission for 16 years. He was serving with the Depart ment of Administrative Services in the same capacity at the time of his death .. . A . J. THOMAS, 53, a patrolman with the Wayne County Forestry Unit died from a heart attack wh ile fighting a forest fire. Thomas had worked with the Forestry Commission for more than 23 years.
RETIREMENTS ...GUS BARNES, mechanic , Adm inistrat ive Division, June 1959-Jan . 1975... LEWIS A. GILLIS, forester, Waycross District, Nov . 1962Dec . 1974...MS. RUBY G. HICKS, towerwoman, Elbert County , Aug. 1954Dec. 1974...J. C. MCDEARIS, ranger, Gordon County , Mar. 1974-0ct. 1974.. . LAWTON F. SANDERS, patrolman, Chatham County, Apr . 1951-0ct. 1974... ROBERT RAY THOMAS, ranger , Gwinnett County, July 1953-Feb. 1975... WILLIAM F. WATSON, ranger, Tift County, Nov . 1954~an . 1975.
MEETINGS .. .COLUMBUS Shade Tree Workshop -Conference, Columbus, Ga ., Apr . 29 .. .WAR E County Forest Festival, Waycross, Ga ., May 6-7... FOREST Farmer Association's Southern Forestry Conference, Myrtle Beach, S.C., May 6-8 .. .SCL and L&N Railroad Forestry Demonstration, Winder, Ga ., May 7... FE ASI Bl LITY Studies and Appraisal of Land, Timber and Trees Conference, Athens , Ga ., May 26-28 ...GEORGIA 1 Chapter, Soil Conservation Society of America , Waycross, Ga ., June 27 -28 .. . SOl L Conservation Society of America, San Antonio, Tex ., Aug. 10-13.
,.._ SEED TESTING ...The Seed Orchard Seed Evaluation Testing service w ill be continued by the Eastern Tree Seed Lab, Macon . If interested, send 10-20 cones from each clone you want monitored. Cones should be sent right after collect ion . You will receive a complete set of data and a scored x -ray print of the seed . The cost is $6.50 per sample . For more details write the Eastern Tree Seed Lab, Box 819, Macon, Ga . 31202 .

Service Awards
20 YEARS
Maurice Barnhill .... ... .Ranger Ba inbridge, Ga. Oct. 1954
Joseph Charles ... .... .... Ranger Ellijay, Ga. Dec. 1954
Milla rd F. Futch, Jr... .Ranger Ludowici , Ga. Dec. 1954
Grady Hulett.. .... .... .... Patrol man McRae, Ga . Jan . 1954
Milford H. Jones..... ... Ranger Cochran , Ga . Oct. 1954
Shelton McWhort er .... Ranger Rochelle, Ga . Nov. 1954

Charles Robinson ...... . Patrolman Sandersv ille, Ga. Nov. 1954
James Rousey ... ......... Towerman Crawfordv ill e, Ga . Dec . 1954
Thomas Usher...... .... .. Tower man Statesboro, Ga. Oct. 1954
William F. Watson .. .... Ranger Tifton, Ga. Nov . 1954
Fred Wheless ... ..... ..... . Patrolman Lexington, Ga. Nov. 1954
Billy Williams.... ... .. .... Ranger Ashburn, Ga . Nov. 1954
25 YEARS
Austin Guinn, Jr... ..... .Ran ger Butler, Ga. Oct. 1949
Henry Welcher ..... ...... Patrolman Gainesville, Ga . Jan . 1953

New Rangers

Hnl/is Burns Ranger Gordon Co. Uni t
Glen Edwards Ranger Gwinnett Co. Unit
Harry Graham Ranger Laurens Co. Unit
Jerry K. Johnson Ranger Baker-Mitchell Co. Unit
Larry Smiley Ranger Toombs Co. Unit
Harold 0 . Smith
Ranger Richmond Co. Unit
15

Georgia FOR ESTRV
March, 1975
WOOD IS WONDERFUL ... Why? . . .. . There are many, many reasons. If there is such a thing as th e most important reason why WOOD IS WONDERFUL it is because it comes from trees . Trees are truly one of God's masterpieces. Trees are the only renewable natural resource in all the universe. When our present underground supply of oi l, coa l and various ores are gone, that is all there is. Th ere ' ll be no more. How different with trees. When a tree dies- or is harvested- it has already given birth to mdny replacements. Th ere will always be a supp ly of trees, if all of us treat this wonder material w ith the respect it deserves. Yes, WOOD IS WONDERFUL ... . .

Cost

$0 .1 26

Quantity 13,000