Georgia forestry, Vol. 15, no. 2 (June 1962)

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Georgia FORESTRY

June, 1962 Vol. 15 No. 2 Frank Craven Editor

Published Quarterly by the
GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION Hox 10....7
Macon, Georgia

RAY SHIRLEY- DIRECTOR
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On the Cover

The Georgia Forestry Commission
is operating two forestry camps and
assisting with three other boy's camps this year. The fourth annual ~ew Farmers of America camp was held May 28.. June 1. The 16th annual Future Farmers of America camp will be held July 2-6 at Hard Labor State Park, Rutledge. Commission personnel \\ill assist with the Soil Conservation Society of America camp, Rome; 4-H Camp, Waycross; and Boy Scout camps throughout the summer. Commission operated camp s are sponsored by member mills of the Southern Pulpwood Conservation :\ ssociation.

Mf'mhPr of the Ceorg ia l'rt>s~ As~ociat10n.
Georgia Fore s tr y 1s Pntert>d as '-lcond class rnattl'r a thl' l'ost Offic-f' undf'r thP Act of Augu.'<t ..:.t, 1!112.

Cruising the Nevvs
PRAISE THE FOREST SAVERS
Always possessing one of the nation's major timber reserves, the South at one time was cutting its trees so rapidly that it stirred fears that this vast woodland might disappear.
Thirty years ago, timber cutters roamed the forests virtually stripping bare vast tracts. The rivers of Georgia, which once were sparkling cledr, were choked with red and yellow mud as rains running off the denuded acreage washed away the rich topsoil, leaving the eroded land virtually worthless. Even the federal government became alarmed lest a shortage of timber damage the World War Il effort, and there were serious attempts to put landowners under regulations which would virtually leave it up to the government to decide which trees to cut.
Thanks to wise men, governme nt control was averted and a massive educational campaign was begun to save the South's timber. The campaign bore fruit, and most Georgians have lived long e nough to see hills and plains reforested and the river water lightening in color. They also have seen establishment of an industry which has brought billions of dollars into the pockets of Southerners in 12 states. The 23 million cords of pulpwood cut last year alone is valued at $471 million. The replacement value of 69 primary pulp and paper mills in the South is estimate d <>t about $3.5 billion and they employ 83,000 earning $426 million per year.
What has happened can be seen in these fig ures: In 1935, there were 120 bi~lion cubic feet of stand ing timber in the South. 1n the ensuing quarter of a century, 147 billion cubic feet were harvested, yet standing timber resources had increased to 131 billion cubic feet. The conservation campaign, fire protection systems, scientific developments such as discovery that newsprint could be made of Southern pine and a far-reaching reforestation program, are responsible.
The South has m uch reason to be grateful for this God-given resource. We are grateful to the handful of wise, far-seeing men, who insisted that Southerners could learn properly to manage and wisely to use their forests and to whom much of the credit for their continued existence can be given.
(F rom the Columbus Enquirer)
YOUR GRANDCHILDREN'S FORESTS
Despite the appearance of a great many so-called "new" materials, wood is used in 90 per cent of the nation's homes. But as a result of research, there's a great deal more to be found in a tree than boards.
It is estimated that more than 5,000 different products are. made from forest materials. Wood has many hidden faces which are ye t only partially known.
Shredded, cooked and reformed, it is made into countless paper products--use-
ful for everything from handkerchiefs to packaging grand pianos. It is treated chemically to produce such things as imitation leather, alcohol, plastics, lacquers, syr:thetic rubber, acetic acid and glycerine for medicines.
We're a long way from knowing the full potential of wood. Some 25 per cent of the contents of a log is corr.posed of a substance called lignin--a kind of cement that binds the cells of a tree together. !low to use it is still largely unknown.
The forest industries, through broad use of their products, touch every part of the country. The central fact about this industry is that it is based upon our only renewable natural resources--our forests. Timber companies, both large and small, are vitally concerned with conservation practices which run the gamut from full utilization of the log once it i s cut, to refore s tation progra'11s on the broadest scale.
Sustained yield logging, developed on private timberlands, involves cutting no more trees on an average than can be replaced by new growth eac h year. 1t has been highly successful so that we are now taking some 25 per cent less wood than we are growing each year.
The goals of perpetual forests, offering both commercial and recreational values and full utilization of each tree cut, are being weli met. Barring gove rnment or other outside interference, your great grandchildren will know the beauties of wild tree-covered lands as well as the wonders of the thousands of products coming from them.
(Prom the Summeruille News)

Economy And Efficiency

In Commission Organization

A well-run organ i zation i s a lw ays striving to conduct a more efficient operation at less expense. The Georgia Forestry Commission constantly se ~ks to ac hieve the se two goals.
The combining of county forestry units is an area in which the Commission has felt greater efficiency could be effected at a smaller cost.
Many counties have already recognized the value of joining their neighboring counties in support of the combination unit. Sharing a forestry unit means economically speaking... savings on the local level; program wise ... a more efficient unit.
Georgia has 159 counties of which 153 are under organized forest fire protection. Cf the counties under protection, 25 have combined units. Most combinations involve two counties with the exception of one unlt which covers three.
The most recent unit s to combine were Marion and Schley Counties. Their proposed cost-per-acre protection budget 1s 9.6 cents for 1961-62. They will pay one-third and the State two-thirds of the cost. This contrasts with 24.9 cents for the two counties in 1960-61, Schley County having paid one-third of 15.5 cents an acre in 1961.
Both counties came under protection separately in 1957 with Marion's cost-per-acre a trifle lower than the proposed 9.6 cents and Schley's consistently higher. Similar sets of figures show like result s among the combined counties. In every case the proposed 1961-62 cost-per-acre trim s the expense of maintaining separate units.
In proposing combination units, the Commission keeps two requirements constantly in mind. First, the county forestry boards must agree to the change; and second, the way is left open to revert to separate units if the operation proves unsatisfactory after one year.
It has become incre asingly apparent that adhering rigidly to county boundaries can be a roadblock in the way of efficient and economical

operations in many cases. For example, if the Fulton County
Forestry Unit's headquarters is located south of Atlanta and a fire breaks out in woodlands north of the city, the fire fighting unit might have to buck heavy traffic in arriving on the scene.
This is a case where an obstacle in the county, Atlanta, is a barrier to the forestry protection program. Therefore, a more efficient operation would be obtained by basing the unit on a geographical location rather than on a county boundary.
This example was hypothetical. North Fulton and Forsyth Counties began a combined operation last July. There is also a South Fulton Unit.
The combined county units and dates combined are Crisp-Dooly,
July '57; Randolph-Terrell, July '61; Stewart-Webster, July, '60; Marion-Schley, Oct., '61; ButtsHenry, Apr., '60; Clayton-Fayette, July, '60; Newton-Rockdale, July, '56; Houston-Pulaski, July, '61; Montgomery-Wheeler, Jan., '61;
Tift-Turner, July, '61; BaldwinHancock, July, '55; and CrawfordPeach, July, '61. Oth ers include Jasper-Jones, Oct., '55; CoffeeAtkinson, July, '52; Franklin-Hart, July, '56; Forsyth-North Fulton, July, '61; Habersham-White, Aug., '55; Hall-Banks, July, '54; JacksonBarrow, Oct., '56; Clark-Oconee, July, '55; Elbert-Madison, July, '57; Greene-Taliaferro, _July, '57; McDuffie-Warren, Oct.,'53; and MorganWalton, July, '54.
Lamar-Pike-Spalding became a three-county unit July, 1961.
In a number of the combined unit counties, Timber Protection Organizations, instead of county governments, finance a share of the forestry unit.
A fair average figure for all combined counties would be from 10-13 cents per acre. It should be remembered that this figure is shared .,.ith the other county and the State. The average for non-combined counties is 13-16 cents per acre.

THE COMBINED COUNTY UNITS AND DATES COMBI NED

Year

Year

D 1952
1953 ~
D 1954 1955 Ff/5#1

1956 1957 1960 1961

D
~
D D

*In 1952 th e lower part of Atk.inson County came under the Consolidated Timber Protection Organization Head1uarters at ll omerville. The eastern half of Lanier County hecame a part of the T. P. 0. in 1957.

In add ition to savings on the county level, the State also benefits. It means conserving heavy equipment, personnel, buildings and the many other costs of a forestry unit while still insuring adequate protection. As the Commission's rangers retire or quit to accept other positions, situations are opened in which combinations can be made with an economic advantage to the State.
To the Commission, charged with the responsibility of protecting our fore sts and conscious of the need to economize, combined county units have paid off in greater efficiency and savings.

FORESTRY ON THE RIVER

The magic of river travel returns to this west Georgia metropolitan area next year. The chug of tugs, stilthy movement of barg es and maybe even the churning wake of a paddle wheeler will revive old memories and rejuvenate industrial growth in Columbus, city of 220,000 people.
Recently the Chattahoochee yielde d on e of th e most powerful ships built in the Columbus ship yards. fhe CSS Ironclad Muscogee was constructed during the Civil War from hundreds of feet of "heart of pine" taken from surrounding forest land.
Forestry is one industry which certainly should benefit fro m th e reawakening of an old fro nti er, "river travel". There are some 95,000 commercial forest acres in Muscogee County according to a recently completed U. S. Fore_st Survey. This is an Increase of 1.4 percent in the past ei ght year_s.

The Columbus trade area, 11 counties in Georgia, show 1, 745,400 c_ommercial forest acres. This is a 11 percent rncreas e or 187,000 acres.
An Extension Service report indicates that $9,891,644 are returned annually from the sale of forest products to Muscoge' and her Georgia trade area counties. Muscogee County' s return is some $1,320,293. The annual pulpwood production in Muscogee County is listed at 15,571 cords and sawtimber at 3,934,000 board feet. The trade area figures are 284,430 cords, 84,329,000 board feet and 42,230 naval stores faces.
P resent and future wood-using industrie s in Muscogee County have s ome 32 1. 4 million board feet of sa wtim ber at their disposal. Of this tot al 24 1. 3-m illion board feet are in pi ne. In addition there is a net volume of 1,253,000 cords of pulpwood of which 751,000 cords are in pi ne .

There are about 2,000 wood-using ini ustry employees earning an annual income of some $4,475,3Y4 in Columbus and her Georgia trade a-
rea. In greater Columbus (Muscogee, Chattahoochee and Russell Co.'s)
there are some 650 employees earn-
ing close to $1,699,008 or $2,614 per employee.
In the Columbus trade area, excluding Alabama, there are approximately 1,394 employees earning some
$2,776,386 or $1.992 per capita. In addition to salaries the wood-
using industries 1n metropolitan Columbu_s annually spend about $3,590,151 on raw materials and another million dollars on freight. Out in the trade area $4,019,823 are annually spent on raw materials and $209,528 on freight.
The non-metropolitan counues include Clay, Randolph, Marion, Harris, Talbot, Taylor, Stewart, and Webster.
One of the oldest wood-using in-

dustries in Columbus is the W. T.. Harvey Lumber Co. established in 1892. Its initial location was First and Twelfth Street. In 1905 they moved to their present location at 800 15th Street. Their long history as a lumber and builder supplier has been marred twice by fires, once in 1923 and the last in 1960. The family operation employs some 23-25 persons with an average annual payroll of 60-65,000 dollars.
The makers of boxes and paper board pour more than $500,000 in salaries into metropolitan Columbus. They are the Rock City Box Sales Co. and the State Paper Box Co. These companies employ approximately 150 people.
Another $100,000 or more payroll company i s the C. F. Williams Lumber Co. which employs approximately 30 people. They now manufacture house components and s tock millwork items. Land development and small house building is a large part

of the business. The company uses approximately 900,000 board feet of wood annually.
A big bread winner of the Columbus metropolitan area is Fort Benning. Although the forestry operation is secondary to military planning, timber harvesting on the 182,000 acre post is under a well planned program.
In fiscal year 1961, 5,600,000 board feet of pine sawtimber, 1,692,000 board feet of hardwood sawtimber, and 6,059 cords were cut. These cuttings brought a re-
turn of $259,485.46 to the U. S. Treasury. In the future it is hoped that annual harves tin g will bring in an income of one-half million dollars. This will mean cutting approximately 13-million board feet of sawtimber and 10,000 cords of pulpwood annually.
At the U. S. Army reservation, in 1961, there were ten men in the forestry section drawing an annual sal-

ary of $28,563. An intricate part of forestry in
Muscogee County is the Muscogee County Eorestry Unit. Day and night the unit's personnel are available to squelch any outbreak of fires in the county. In addition to fire suppression and prevention duties the unit is al so interested in the future growth of forestry. Management personnel are available to as sist landowners in drawing up management plans, advi sing on the sell-
ing and marketing of timber, and reforestation plans.
The unit's three personnel make $7,164 annually with an additional $2,000 spent for supplies and maintenance by the unit.
by
Rip Fontain e, Jr.

Order Now Pay Later

Revised seedling shipping procedures and the availability of cotton wood cuttings have been announced
for the 1962-63 planting season by Georgia Forestry Commission Director Ray Shirley.
Landowners for the first time, may place their seedling orders without payment this year, Shirley said. However, payment must be made before delivery. Shirley emphasized that no cash will be accepted. Only checks, money orders, and ASC purchase orders are acceptable. The minimum order for
each specie is sao seedlings.
The Commission director added that seedling deliveries, by State truck, will be made by district office and county unit headquarters. Heretofore the deliveries have been made from the Commission's six nursenes.
Shirley pointed out that a more

effective scheduling and hauling system can be affected at the local level than through the Macon Office. However, payment and orders will still be received and processed at l\1acon. This allows for more flexible shipping conditions.
Order blanks may be obtained from County Forest Rangers, County agents, ASC, and ACP personnel. Inquiries as to delivery should be made to the forest rangers or nursery superintendents. \;uestions concerning payment and availability of trees should be directed to the Macon office.
Shirley said that cotton wood cuttings will be offered to Georgia landowners by the Commission for the first time . Approximately 100,000 cuttings are being made available at $10 per thousand.
More than 6S-million customg row n, field-graded seedlings are

being grown at the Commission's s1x nurseries. Slash and loblolly
pine make up more th an 9S percent
of the total production. Species being grown and cost per thousand are s lash, loblolly, longleaf, shortleaf,
and Virginia pine, $4; eastern white
pine, $6; and Arizona cypress, yel -
low poplar, and cotton wood, $10. Commiss ion Reforestation Chief
Sanford Darby stated that orders prepared incorrectly will be returned.
A transportation charge of 2S cents per thousand trees will be made on de liveries by State truck with no limit on quantity. However, any purchaser may pick up his seed-
lings at the designated nursery, Darby said.
Assistance in establishing your tree plantation may be obtained from your county forest ranger or district forester.

SPRAYING PROGRAM ATREE SAVER

Some 27-mist blov.er s are being used in the Georgia Forestry Commission weed tree control program this year, announced Commission Director Ray Shirley. He stated that the addition of ten mist blowers enable a ll districts t0 work on the program sirr:ultaneously.
Spraying operations began the middle .of May, Shirley said.
However, the cull specie control program will be cut to a minimum in those areas with heavy Southern Pine Beetle infestation, Shirley added. The heaviest concentration of the infestation is in the Commission's Ninth and Tenth Districts with headquarters at Gainesville and Washington respectively.

The Commission director emphas i zed the need for landowners to examine their land now and decide whether they have acreage th at could be placed in profitable production through the elimination of inferior trees. Landowners interested in obtaining thi s service are urged to contact their county forest ranger immediately. This operation is also being offered by a number of commercial firms. The Commission encourages landowners to use their services where available.
The treatment cost $7 .SO per acre for the first 2S-acres and $7 for each additional acre. See your County ASC agent for information on qualifying your acreage for financial assistance.
The spraying solution is 2-4-S-T and oil and water emulsion. It is not harmful to human or animal life.
Approximately 3-S gallons of the
solution is used per acre. Forestry Commission Management
Chief W. H. McComb state d th at timber stand improvement is needed on some five million acres of up-

land and flatwoods in Georgia. He added that Commission management experts and rangers, last year, aided landowners in treating some 6, 000 acres that were producing c ull species.
The management chief emphasized that an area to be treated by mist blower must not have trees more than 20-feet tall, and have a clearance of 660-feet between the area to be sprayed and farm crops and property lines. The area also must be one where a tractor can operate, McComb added. For trees above 20-feet, girdling and tree injection is recommended.
Shirley pointed out that the Commission cull specie control program is being applied where scrub or low grade hardv.oods exist and are preventing the growth of valuable commercial species. "The Commission is not trying to rid the State of hardwood species," Shirley said, "but is merely trying to control cull trees or lov. g rade hardv.oods that are preventing the growth of valuable commercial timber."

From left to right, Cecil Chapman, Ray Shirle y, Dan Searcy, Bill Harber, Jim Lank fo rd, Paul Butts, and W. H. McComb.

SOIL EROSION Nature's Problem Child

Taken To VVatersheds

The aims and management of Georgia watersheds v..ere outli ned recently in a joint meeting of the Georgia Forestry Commission and the Soil Conservation Service in Athens.
Maximum cover on all v.. atershed ar eas ... form water impoundments to prevent run-off and flooding ... and stream channel control projects. These points were emphasized by Cecil Chapman, State conservationist, as important to the success of the watershed program.
Forestry Commission Director Ray Shirley pointed out that the availability of water in the future depends on the efficiency of our watershed program today. Shirley added that the Commi ssion's role in the program, critical area planting, is a step toward "keeping our soil at home".
With over tw o-thirds of Georgia's
land area in need of watershed work, bo th crop and fore st land must be utilized, stated W. H. McComb,

chief, Commission Management Div1s1on. McComb said that one-half million acres are nov.. in Georgia's 20 active watershed projects.
Steps in applying the watershed work plan were outlined by Dan Searcy, assistant State conservationist. They are drawing up the work plan and allocating funds. The funds cannot be spent on areas outside the critical area, Searcy added.
The development of the v..atershed plan is organized through contacts made by the SCS with outside agencies. Bill Harber, watershed planning party leader, SCS, stated that areas declared crucial are investigated and a work plan developed to fulfill the needs of the project. The local citizens have the final word as to the type watershed program put into operation.
Commission management foresters and work unit conservationists carry out the ground work. It is the responsibility of the forester to dev-

elop a forestry work plan for each farm woodlot and furnish forestry technical assistance. The work plans of the landowners must be considered when the watershed plan is "set-up" with a "follow-up" periodically.
The conservationist has the job of developing the land resources of the farm, through a workable plan, and assisting the landowner in following through with the plan.
The U. S. Forest Service pays a large percentage of the actual direct cost for the critical area stabilization. A description of the work to be done each fiscal year, specification for its accomplishment, and work inspection is under the re sponsibility of the USFS.
Both Forestry Commission and SCS leaders voiced the continued need for all agencie s involved t o
g1ve their fullest cooperation in
coordinating all r'bases of the \\a-
tershed program.

ss on Counter Attacks


InC

Beetle

Outbreak

A potential 381-million dollar bug problem is facin g a 75-county area involving more th an 14-million acres in North and Middle Georgia. This is the value placed on all pine in the area, according to Georgia Forestry Commissioa Director Ray Shirley.
A full, fledged attack against the Southern Pine Beetle has been initiated by State, federal and industry forestry leaders. Area infested, method of detection and suppression, and control measures taken were specifically outlined by technical foresters and entomologists.
Commission personnel have been wagering a day-in and day-out battle with the beetle since mid-March in Hall, Elbert and Madison Counties, Shirley said. He added that a zone of infestation was declared in the three counties. The Commission immediately initiated an eradication project with assistance from the Division of Entomology, State Department of Agriculture.
The U. S. Forest Service has played a major role through its training schools in handling chemicals and spotting affected areas. They_ have also come to the Commission's assistance in making aerial surveys.
The Co mmission director pointed out that recent surveys in North Georgia show that infestation in Elbert and Madison Counties was almost as great as in Hall County. The surveys also point to heavy damage in Middle Georgia involving Baldwin, Putnam, and Monroe Counties. Habersham, Hart, Fr dnklin, and Oglethorpe Counties also show heavy damage. Moderate infestation is evident in Bibb, Greene, Hancock, ] asper, ]ones, Oconee, Stephens, Taliaferro, and Upson Counties. The line of light, moderate, and heavy infestation extends from Columbus to Augusta, North.
The inability to sell pulpwood and sawtimber is a major problem facing the landowners in many areas of Northeast Georgia. The affected

trees are numerous but small in size, Shirley pointed out. Shirley emphasized that we are looking at the situation the same as if it were a wildfire. This includes protecting those areas surrounding the infestation.
Russ Smith, USFS, Pest Control Division, Atlanta, recommended an all out program by all concerned if the infestation is to be confined and the insect destroyed. A planned detection and suppression work plan carried out by competent and trained personnel is the only solution Smith said. He added that additional assistance, in the form of matching funds, may be forth coming from the federal government. It is hoped they will carry one-third instead of onefourth the cost now in effect. In addition funds will be needed on the State level. Without additional funds the project cannot be continued.
Commission Management Chief W. H. McComb stated that the control program has already cost the State some $44,500. This is an average of $1.91 per tree based on the 23,257 trees treated to date, McComb added.
In Hall County there have been 10,300 trees treated with a loss of 495 cords of pulpwood and 432,000 board feet of sawtimber. The 257 s pots treated represents about 30percent of the infestation. The projected loss figures for Hall County is 1,650 cords and 1.5 million board feet of sawtimber. The average diameter of affected trees is 6.8 inches. In addition there were 4,600 dead trees that were not treated because the insect had left the trees.
Hiawassee 'Land Co. is treating their forests in Hall County and assisting the State on private lands.
In Elbert and Madison Counties 5_48 spots have been worked with 13,004 trees treated. The average diameter of affected trees in thi s area is six inches. These figures do not include areas treated by Champion F ibre Co . and Continental Can Can Co. on their land.

There are approximately 20 trees to the average spot.
The treating method, as outlined by Ed Hazard, entomologist, USFS, Valdosta, includes cutting all red top trees and those with pitch tubes. When the tree is felled it is cut into logs and delimbed. The logs are treated with BHC which must penetrate the bark. The limbs are sprayed down to two inches in diameter.
Hazard added that each female lays some 20-eggs, with 5-6 generations per year. From egg to adult takes 30-35 days.
Ed Ruark, director, Georgia Forest Research Council indicated that we are lacking in the field of insect research. However, arrangements will be made to incr~ase activity in this area immediately.
Other needs include aerial survey work each year over the entire State, aid in moving distressed woo_d (wood being taken out, but can't sell), and increased support of landowners and industry.
Entomologists echoed the need for research on host preference, specie preferred; effect of site, soil cutting down tree's resistance to insects and diseases; and trace development of outbreaks.
Represented industry agreed to support the control program, take suppression measures on own land, give personnel support where available and assist with the market problem where feasible.
Forestry Commission board members lauded the work of the group and emphasized the fact that the bug problem is as great as our fire problem and even more so at this
time. They pointed out that it would be beneficial to landowners directly and indirectly to give full cooperation to the earliest completion of the beetle suppression program as it not only affects personal wealth but econom y of the county now and the State as a whole as infestation spreads.

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WARE County landowner Willard Walker, Dixie-Union Community, was this years recepient of the Master Tree F armer Award at the 5th annual Ware County Forest Festival. The award, presented annu ally by the Commercial Bank of Waycross, was made by William H. Rentz, v-pre s., Commercial Bank. Festival cl.airrren v.ere Southern Bank Vpres. Noel P. Miller and Union BagCamp Paper Corp. repre s entative James CumSie. Festival speaker, B. E. Allen, woodlands manager, Union Bag-C amp, emphasized the need for a healthy for est management program for a ll tim ber owners to meet the increased uses of wood in the future.
GEORGIANS soon will be seeing a revision of an old film with the local touch ... Fire Fighting 1n the South. Florida Forest Service Information and Education chief Ed Moore was film committee chairman. On the committee were Frank Craven and John Haislet, Georgia Forestry Commission and Texas Forest Service I & E chiefs. U. S. Forest Service representatives assi s ted with the planning sessions. Filming is Dan Todd, USFS, Atlanta; Eugene Morse, Florida Forest Service, Tallahassee; and Bob Kiefer, Motion Picture Serv.ices d irector, Washin gton, D.C. "Chuck" Place, GFC, Macon, was technical advisor.
FORESTRY exhiSit s, depicting Georgia's prominent position in forestry , have been set up in 161 Georgia banks. The Georgia Forestry Assn. in cooperation with the Georgia Forest Indu s tries Committee worked up the exhibit schedule. The exhibit s were provided by the Georgia Forestry Comm i ssion, Georgia Ex t ens ion Service, U. S. Forest Servi ce and industry. Harvey Brown, exec.-sec., Forestry Assn., headed the project. Jim L. Gillis, Jr., pres., Georgia Bankers Assn., represented the bankers. Ralph Eubanks, v-pres. Citizens and Southern National Bank, Macon, checks the for estry literature used with the exhibits.
GEORGIA Forestry Commission district office fire control personnel, rangers and pilots recently participated in three TBM workshops. Commission Fire Control Chief Jirr, Turner, who was in charge of the schools, said emphasis was placed on operational procedure for the TBM tanker in initial attack ag ain s t potentially dangerous fore st fire s . Commission personnel were also in structed on the mixing and loading operation of chemicals. The workshops were held at Macon, State sboro and Waycross.

FORESTRY QUEENS

Mi ss Toombs County Fo restry Queen Susan Brown zs an 18-year old higb school senior fro m Lyon s.

Miss Bobby Smith is the Meriweth er County Forestry Queen. The Manchester high school senior is 16-years old.

Miss Linda Payne, 17year old high school senior from Og l ethorp e, is the ,\lacon County Forestry Queen.

A Women's College of

Georgia

Fresh man

Neville Ferguson won

the title of Miss Elbert

Co unty Forestry Queen.

She zs 18-years old.

Miss Ramona Hammock,

18-year old Swainsboro

high school senior, is

the Emanuel County

Forestry Queen.

.

R epresenting

Ware

County is Ware Co unty
Forest ry Queen 1ane

St ri ckland. She zs a

17 -year old high school

sen zor.

T he Lincoln County Forestry Queen is ,\!i ss
1ane Guill ebeau. From
Lincolnton, she is an
18-year old bigh school senior.

Miss Roberta Chapman, Wilkinson County Forestry Queen, is a 16year old high school junior from Irwinton.

Henry

County

Wins

L- 1~: 1obnny 1/ nrkness, 1immy C nrter,
Bobby Mundy, Ft>nrs Nutt, Ronald Turpin, Barry Floyd, Grady Enun, Dick
L ittle, 1 D. Cook and Ho mer Ma d doY:.
A . A. Dicker son, rig ht, is F F ; \ ad v i s or.
Third Ann ual FFA Field Day

The Henry County Future Farmers of Americ a Cha pter h as won the third annu al state wide FFA Field Day. The cont es t, h e ld a t the FF AFHA Camp near Covington, brought tog ether 16 0 particip a nt s from 15 area elimina tion fiel d day event s throughout th e Stat e .
The L a nier Co unty and L oui s ville Acad em y F F A Chapters tied for s e c ond place. Lanier copped the 1960 event an d Louisville placed second la st year. Counties and town s represented were Abbeville , Armuchee,
Claxton, Gilmer, Greensboro, Henry, J ackson and 'Lanier. Others are 'Loui s vi lle Ac ad emy, Montgomery, Patterson, Pike , Toombs Central, Webster and Whig ham.
First place winners in the various events were J. W. Carter and Don Gibbs, Toombs Central, tree plant-
in g; Sammy Crosby , Patterson and
John Gaskins, Lanier County, selective marking; Billy Bearden, Webster County, pulpwood volume estimation; F ear Nutt, Henry County, tree identific a tism; Barry Floyd, Henry County, sawtimber volume estimation; and Dick Little, Henry

Co unty, ocul ar estim ation . Others included Charles Lunsden,
Armuchee, land measurement; Tommy Bentl ey, Abbevi ll e, l og scaling;
Tho mas Reese a nd Jimmy Go odwin,
L ouis ville Ac ademy, sawing; and Michael Bank s, Jackson County, pulp wo od scalin g.
T he He nry Co unty FF A Chapter,
d ire ct ed by A. A. Dickerson, recei ved an ins cribed pl aque and $100 in c a sh. The L a nier C oun ty a nd 'Lo ui s ville Acad em y FF A Chap te r s r eceived a pl a qu e and $50 for second place . F ir s t pl a c e winn e r s in the individu al event s were av.arded $25 for first pl ace and $15 for s e cond.
Ed Krei s, Vo c a tion a l Agricu lt ural Department F or es ter , s t at ed t hat the FFA Field Days gave each member an opportunity to display the forestry skill s he has ac quired in Vocation al Agriculture.
Wood-u sing indu s tries in the State provided pri ze mo n ey in the area events. The Georgia Forestry Associa tion an d th e Trust Company of Georgia s pon s ored the State fin a ls. Georgia Fore s try Co mm i ss ion and in du s try pe r sonnel judged the events.

NEW CHIEF FOR ESTER

U. S. Forest Service Chief Rich-

ard E. McArdle has retired, announ-

ce s Orville L. Freeman, s ecretary

of Agriculture. Edward P. Cliff,

former assist a nt chief in charge of

National Forest Management Re-

source has succeeded McArdle.

Cliff i s a pro-

fe ssional for-

e s ter with 32

years s ervice

with the organi-

zati on. In 19 50

Cliff was ap-

pointed Region-

al

F ore ster,

Rocky Mo unt ain

Region , USFS, Denve r , Co l or a- Edward P. C l iff

do. Here he achi eved better re l a-

tion s hips bet ween western s tockmen

and the F orest Servi ce in the u se of

grazing allotm ents on the nation al

for e st s . He re turn ed to Was hi ng ton ,

D. C. as assi s tant chief, USFS, in

c h arge o f N:-t ti on a l Fores t Resou rce Managemen t i n 1952.
In this cap ac ity Cliff provided lead er s hi p i n coordi nating the multiple-use management of national fares t reso urces. This included development of camping and picnic faciliti es for nation al forest visitors to accomodate an increase from 33million visitors in '52 to 115-million this year. Improved watershed developments, wildlife habitat, and grazing opportunities through reseeding of range lands and better control of livestock to reduce erosion damage; as well as doubling the cut of national forest timber were under his guidance.
The new chief forester is a charter member of the American Society of Range Management and the V: ildl ife Society, the Society of Am e rican Foresters, American Forestry Associa tion and the Wil de rn ess Society.

ll <>nry Co unty fo r<> s try t e am
State Editor Emphasizes Forestry
State Editor of the Columbus Enquir er i s Luci u s E. ~Luke) Teasley. One of the community relations projects of the Ledger-Enquirer,
'While Teasley has been state editor, has been the Chattahoochee Valley Marketing Committee.
The marketing committee is designed to provide assistance to vocational teachers throughout the Chattahoochee Valley area. This assistance encourages improved marketing of farm products throug h an educational and action program.
A phase of the marketing pro gram deals v.ith the better marketing of both pine and hardwood trees in the Valley.
Teasley was farm editor of the Enquirer when the paper received
the top state :1ward for services to agriculture. The award was given by the Georgia Extension Service.
The state editor was made a Georgia Tree Planter in 1962 by the Georgia Future Farmers of America. He has also received two Associated Press top s tate aw ard s for Luc i us E. T easley spot reporting.
Teasley states that supporting fore stry con servation is a natural as hi s 'des k' was once a clump of oak s whic h was in th e heart of the deve loping frontier on the banks of the Chattahoochee Rive r. P ine trees have remain ed plentiful although c otton fi e lds took over much of the la nd befor e the \X ar Betv.een the State s a nd into t he earl y 1900'-,.
Teasley i s a graduate of the Lniver s it y o f Ge org i a. V: hile a t t he l niversity he was editor of the Red and Bl ack a nd li sted in \\ho 's \l:ho in Ame ri c.an .G>l-l e~t!:SK.J~Ilt!S versi tie<>
t.r,

SEED from this

parent tree were

used 1n planting

Guinn's 25-acre

plot. Reproduction,

right, is in abun-

dance throughout

the 25-year old

longleaf

pine

stand.

Fro m the oldest...

. .. to the youngest
xper1mentahon

ect seedin

In 1935 most Georgians were still unaware of the effectiveness of a good forestry program. However, in Taylor County there were two landowners embarking on a forestry project that still is in the experimental stage throughout the South... DIRECT SEEDING.
The landowners, A. J. Fountain
and Austin Guinn, have growing proof of the feasibility of growing s_eeded longleaf pine. Fountain's 100-acre stand was planted in corn and watermelon rows averaging some 1,600 trees per acre. This stocking now has been reduced to 500 trees per acre.
Fountain stated that he has made three thinnings with plans to work every tree over ten inches in diameter this year for naval stores. In five years the tre e s will be but for sawtimber, Fountain added.
Reforestation plan s call for Fountain to put 40-acres in pine this year. Fountain s ays he will selectiv ely plant longleaf, and they will be hand seeded .
Gui nn said he only plan ted 807 trees per acre in his 25-acre plot. The seed were dropped and pressed into 'the ground individually. Gui nn has made two thinnings which has left him with a 24 X 24 ft. spaci ng or 151 trees per acre.
T he trees in both stands measure up to 12-inches in diameter.

In an era in which forestry has taken on an air of economic and conservation prominence, Taylor County is the site of a Georgia Forestry Commission experiment in direct seeaing. The Commission's four-acre experimental plot is located three miles "West of Butler off Ga. 96.
Commission Director Ray Shirley emphasized that we are trying to find areas where direct seeding is practical for reforestation and where land values may prohibit planting by other rr.ethods. A reduction in site preparation cost and a method of artificially reproducing slash and longleaf pine is being sought through the tests, Shirley added.
W. H. McComb, Commission Management chief, said the four-acre area includes s ix one-third acre plot s of longleaf and six one-third acre plots of s la sh pine. The seed of both species were planted on burned and unburned plots, McComb adde d.
Mc Comb pointed out that the growth rate and survival of the direct seeded s eedlings will be compar ed with pl a nted, nursery grown slash and longleaf pine seedlings.
Shirley s ai d th at pre s ent indicati ons , for bes t direct s eeding methods, point to the hoe, machine, and push pl anter a s mo s t effective. After approximately six weeks no seed had germin a te d from plantin gs

made by the cyclone seeder (broadcasting) and hand planter. The next survival check will be made this fall.
The first check revealed some rodent damage on areas where seed were broadcast. It is believed that several hard rains washed the rodent repellent off the seed. Little or no damaz e was found on areas where seed were pressed into the ground. All damage was observed on burned areas. Seed in light rough were hard to find, thus a survival count will not be obtainable until fall.
Distribution of seed and method of direct seeding was made as follows; cyclone seeder, one pound per acre; push planter, one-foot apart; hand planter, six feet apart; and hoe, 6 X 10 ft. The machine planter dropped one to three seed, two to three seed were dropped by hand using the hoe method. Those seed planted by the hoe method were pressed into the ground by foot.
Shirley emphasized that some of the problems of direct seeding are control and spacing trees during planting , absence of an opportunity to grade and discard seedlings of an inferior quality before planting, probable necessity of thinning the trees before the y reach salable size and pos sibility of not obtaining a sati s factory stand.

Hoe planter

Hand planter

on burned and unburned are as.

Cyclone seeder (broadcasting)

Austin Guinn checks area whe re t wo seed were dropped. B oth trees measured pulfJwood size.

~
Taylor Co. landowners Austzn Guinn and A. f . Fountain and ]rd District Assistant Foreste r, Mgt. , F. f. Pullen inspect
Fountain's direct seeded longleaf pine. Note cupped trees.

Frank Fulmer and Homer Durrence

Forestry Benefits

BY FRANK E. FULMER,

AREA FORESTER, U.S. FOREST SERVICE

Homer Durrence was two months old when his father planted 58 acres of an old field to slash pine in Dec., 1932. At that time the Tatnail Countian did not dream his son would be a forester or realize the economic v. ealth he had planted.
The planting stock was taken from nearby branch bottoms. It was planted by hand at a spacing of 13X17 feet.
The tract was selectively marked for naval stores operation in 1951. Some 35 percent of the trees were cupped, 2,900, which represent 50 trees per acre.
A light pulpwood thinning was made 1n 1957. This remov~d 71 cords w diseased and poor risk trees. The thinning returned the owner $356 in stumpage, an average of $6.14 per acre. The same year cup and tins were removed from the worked sides of trees, replaced on the round sides, and continued for an additional five years through the 1961 season.
The worked timber was cut in Dec., 1961. A 100 percent inventory was made in term s of board feet and

standard cords. (Form class 80 was recognized and International ~ -inch volume tables v.ere used.)
The estimate showed that cupped trees contained 2 23,368 board feet of sawtimber and 26 cords of pulpwood. On a per acre basis these volumes became 3,851 board feet and 0.45 cords. Volumes in standing trees totaled 449,159 board feet and 56 cords or an average of 7,744 board feet and 0.96 cords per acre.
The annual grow th rate average out to 400 board feet per acre. Cash returns for naval stores, pulpwood and sawtimber totaled $16,159 to date. This is an average of $9.61 per acre annually.
The residual stand of 449,159 board feet is worth at least $15,999. The 56 cords of pulpwood has a value of $392. Thus the 29-year-old stand has earned approximately $32 ,550 or $19.35 per acre annually since planting.
This plantation, with its excellent production of multiple products, demonstrates the feasibility and profitability of timber farming.

Editor News-Gazette Barnesvill e, Georgia
Dear Sir:
On March 21, we, in this commu11ity, were confront ed with what could have been a serious grass and forest lire. The lire was caused by a southbotDld freight train.
Due to the dry grass along the railroad tracts and strong westerly winds the fire s spread rapidly toward the homes of many families between Barnesvill e and Milner. I am convinced that a number of homes and barns would have been lost had not the combined equipment o f Lamar, PiKe and Spalding CoWlties heen available.
I commend Ranger john Osbott and all the personnel of the combined unit lor an excellent job in bringing the lire under control. I would also like to thank Robert C loud of the Barnesville Fire Department lor assisting me in getting in touch with the Fire Control Station, and our neighbors who assisted in putting out this dangerous lire.
My appreciation goes out to our County Officials lor arranging the working agreement lor the combining of Lamar, Pike and Spalding ColDlties. It makes good sense to have three units available in combating hard to control fires.
Sincerely,
H. Terrel Andrews "Rainbow Ranch"
Mr. am. C. Harp e r District Forester Route 2 Statesboro, Georgia
Dear Mr. Harper:
A lire, possibly from someone travelin g th e road borderin g my farm at Whitehill, Screven County, go t out a lew weeks ago and was put out by Screven County Forestry Unit I1eaded by Mr. L:oyd Bazemore with very little damage occuring. The lire was spotted so promptly and put out so quickly by th e e fficient work of Mr. Bazernore and his helpers.
We, Scre ven County landown e rs, appreciate th e work of the For es try D epartment.
Very truly yours,
G. M. Hill, Jr.
Mr. Loui e F. Deaton Unit For es t er Fulton County Forestry Unit
Dear Mr. Deaton:
li e of the Boy Scouts are most g rat e ful to you lor serving as a coWl seto r at the Eagt e Scou t Voc a tional Dinner given by tile Kiwanis Club of Am e rica .
As we see it, thi s is a great even t lor our Eagle Scouts and it shoul d be mos t helpful to th em in decidin g th ei r l1l e ' s vocation. I am sure ti1at ti1 e y01mg men who were counseled by you wi II be ever g rat e ful lor tile advice and direction wl1ich you ga v e th em.
Pleas e be assured th a t you l1ave th e appreciation of tl1 e Atlanta Area Council o f tile Boy Scou ts of America, and a l so my per sonal appreciation.
Sincerely,
0. B . Gom1an Scout Execu tive

Logging the foresters ...
SCIIOLARSIIIPS .. Tbe Continental Woodlands Divis ion of Contine ntal Can Co., Inc., announces its 1962 scholarship pro$ ram. T. IV. Earle, vice-president, said that five $1,000 per year scholarships for four years are being offe red for study in professio nal fores tr y. This is the ninth consect;!ive year that the scholarships have be en offered to outstanding high school graduates in states where th e company operates or owns timberlands.

\

I \ \
Dr. Leon A. Hargreaves, Jr. recently joined the rese arch staff of the University of Georgia School of Forestr y, ann ounced Dean A. M. Herric k. Dr. Hargreaves will be e ngaged in operations research and other phases of forest management and administration.
STAFF CHANG ES ... Soutb Carolina State Forester Charles H. Flory bas announced the appointment of John R. Tiller as assistant state forester, Administration and John M. Shirer to assistant state forester, Fire Control. T bey succeed E. B. Price and Tiller re spectively.

The Dodge Co unty Forestry Association was recently organized under the leadership of J. D. Beauchamp, Dodge Co unt y ranger. The Association is set up to promote and enco urage proper protection, management utilization and marketing of fo rest resources w ithin the county. The officers, above , are Preston Stamps, president, William Mc Cranie, v ice-president, and William Sablie, sec.-treas.
I I
D D

USPS ... Joseph F. Pecbanec, director, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, N. C., bas been named director of the Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, Ogden, Utah. T bomas F. McLintock s ucceeds Pechanec at Asheville. MeL intock bas been working for the Southeastern Station at Lak e City, Fla..

Willia m Hub er, !nformatzon and Educa tion chief, Southl?m R eR,/011, ['. \ . Fore st S e rv i ce, present s a c it at ion to WL \V:1-TV for " furtlwrill g fzrp {lrotl?ction of s out hern woodlands througb tbe '!3illy ] ohnso/1 Shour'." :\cr r'{ltznl!, arC' Bill y j ohnson, cen t er, and \VL WA V zce-President and GPnPral Mmw.f!.er ]amps B urgess.

- - - Georgia FORESTRY JUNE 1962

Entered as second class matter at the Post Office, Macon, Georgia

IN THIS ISSUE
COMMISSION COUNTER ATTACKS SOUTHERN PINE BEETLE OUTBREAK
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