Georgia forestry, Vol. 13, no. 4 (Dec. 1960)

Georgia FORESTRY

Vol. 13 De c e mbe r, 196 0

No. 1

Frank Craven Editor

Pub lis hed Quarte rl y by the
GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION Box 1077
Macon, Georgia

RAY SHIRL EY - DIRECTOR Membe r s, Board of Co m miss ioners:
C HA IR MA t

C . M. J ORD A , JR .

- VIDA LIA

A NDR EW J . AU LTM AN SYL VESTE R

OSCA R S. GA RR ISON - HOME R

J OH M. McE L RAT H

1A ON

ALEXA DER SESSOMS - COGDELL

DI STRI CT OF F ICES
GEORGIA F OR EST RY CO MMI SS IO
DISTRICT !-- Route ~. Statesbo ro
DI STRICT li - P . 0 . Box 26 , Camilla
D IS TRI CT I li - P. 0. Box 169, Am ericu s
DI ST RI CT . 1\ - ~ P. 0 . Box :l:\3, Newnan
D ISTR! T \ ' - P. 0. Box 328 , Mc Ra e
DI STRI CT VI - P. 0 . Bo x 505, .M illedJ,.!'eville
DI STRI CT \'I !- Route I , Rome
Dl "TR!CT \'lii - P . 0. Box I ! flO , \\' ay c r.o ~s
DI STRI CT !X- P. 0 . Box 416,
G aine ~ ville
DI S TRI CT X- Route 3, Wa shington
On the Cover
As o ur " gift- wrapped" cover sugges t s, it' s tbat time again -time for the personnel of t he Georgia Forestry Commission to
wish all reade rs of Georgia Fores try a Me rr y Christmas . This quarterly magazine bas
featu red many s t ories of fo res try
progress during the year, and it is the sincere hope of the staff that the public ation has be lped encourage Georgians to make
t heir fo rests more productive,
t hus enhancing our general economy and prov iding a more prospe rous Chris t mas .

Member of the Georgia P ress Associa tion.
Geor gia F orestry is entered a s second cla ss matte r at t he Pos t Offi ce u nd er
t he Act of August 24, 1912.

Cruising the News
FORESTRY IMPORTANT
(F rom The Adel ews)
Th e fore stry 'Ul d wood products in Georg ia e mploys 54,000 pe rs on s, turn s o ut $700,000,000 worth of products a nnua lly a nd pays out $247, 000,00 0 in sal a ries, s o re por ts t wo we ll known for este rs who s poke in T ifton r ece ntly .
T he Gove rnm e nt is s upple me ntin g a nd payin g a t le as t ha lf for th e expe ns e o f county forestry work. Trees are being pla nted for future fores ts as no one kn ows the exte nt of th e fores try deve l opme nt.
We have De l Cook L umber Co., Da rby L um ber Co . a nd o th e r p ul pw ood i ndus tries r ight he re in Cook County . We have th e T urp e ntin e Ind us tries a nd a l arge pape r pul p mill in a nea rby coun ty . These a ll o ff e r jobs to our work e r a nd mo ney comes into o ur C oun ty Co ff e rs. We a re pro ud of th e es ta bli s hm e n t of th es e ind us tries a mong us. We mu s t ass is t th e m in a ny way po ss ible fr om a city a nd county s ta ndpo int! Th ey are va lu a ble asse ts to our county!
DIXIE'S TREE OPULENCE
(From the Atlanta j ournal)
A ma p p ublished r e c e n tl y tn t he magazine Fores t Farm e r pre sents s uc c in c tly the reasonin g back o f good fo res try prac tices -with s pe cial application t o the South. T he Sou the rn s ta tes have th e trees-fa r more th a n a n y oth er se ct ion.
T he map show t he South wit h 195,000,000 acres o f fores tl a nds . T he Mid wes t a nd Eas t have 169,000,000 acres in tr ees a nd th e Far Wes t is t h ird wi t h 11 7, 000,000 ac res . The Wes tern t ie r of s ta tes, runnin g south ward to Te xas from th e Ca nadia n border , is fa mous as g ras la nds . T hey c a n b oast o f only 5,000, 000 acres in commercial timberland .
Georgia should s teadfastly g ua rd this treas ure . It s hould be prote cted fr o m wa nt on l osses by fi re, fr o m disease a nd negl ec t. Our tr ees contr ibute indirec tly t o th e welfare of every c itize n. Fores tla nd conservati on thus be comes th e obl igat ion of eve ry citi ze n.
A TREE
(From The Wilkinson County ews)
A ma n na med Kilme r on ce wrote th a t "poe ms a re made by fool s like me , but only God c a n ma ke a tree " .. . a c orre ct obse rva tion.
It s urv ives th e murd e rou s on s l a ught of fir e a nd disease , axe a nd saw, re pro ducing its o wn se lf, if a rtific ial prop aga tion is lac kin g .
It has ma de million a ires out o f me ndica nts and wise me n o ut o f fo ols . It comforts th e ba be in hi s c rad l e, accompa nies man in hi s s hort jou rn ey on earth , a nd th e n ex te nds its protec tin g lim bs ove r th e s ile nt g rave o f th e dead. It i s th e se rvant o f ma n from th e day th at h e is un willin g ly thru s t, as a puking , puling infant, into this val e of wrath a nd tears, until th a t tim e when he mu s t l ay aside th e use l ess po ssession s of life, th e ho nor o r th e infamy , th e wealth or th e pove rty, the va ni ty or th e hu mili ty, a nd by othe rs be s h roud ed in th e ga rm ents o f th e g rave ... wh e re at las t a ll me n beco me eq ua l. It i s curre ncy recognized o ve r th e broad face of thi s glob e ; mo re stabl e a nd prac tic a l th a n th e ye ll a.v dro ss of gold, more valu a bl e a nd useful than th e g litte r of dia monds . It re tires th e mortgage of th e un wise husba nd man ; pro v ides th e s us ten anc e for hi s off-sprin g; educa tes th e ig norant ; clothes th e na k ed; co mforts th e pa mp e red; a nd provides th e mon ey to be was ted by th e widow . Y ea! Only God s:an ma ke a tree! And only ma n, in his s tu pid i ty , des troys it !

(From The Macon Telegraph)
"I wish you'd write a piece about people who cut down trees in my woods, she said." They seem to think that a tree which is not growing in somebody's front yard is anybody' s property.
"Last year, the week before Christmas, our farm was besieged by city people who drove out into the country to get a Christmas tree-for free. They had cut down a half dozen red cedars before we found it out. Then, we had to sit by the road and te 11 intruders to stay away.
"The place was distinctly marked 'No Trespassing,' too.''
Well, here's the piece. sympathize with the lady who spoke of her tribulations, and with others who have had the same troubles. There are many farmers who have had a similar experience.
One farm wife I know actually found a couple digging up boxwood at a house site about the distance of three city blocks from her own house. She owned the house site and planned to transplant the boxwood to her own front yard. Just what she said to the transgressors she would not repeat to me, but fortunately, she caught the boxwood stealers, red handed, and she made them replant the box.
She had to go out the next day and water the plant and she had to nurse it through some weeks, but it did live.
The only excuse the visitors offered for taking the plant was "We didn't think anybody lived here . "
And the re was the couple who dug up bulbs a friend of mine had planted along the roadside just around the bend from .b e r home . They "didn't think anybody wan te d them."
It is s trange how some city people think anything that grows wtside the city is anybody's property. Unless it grows in a front yard a nd, in some cases, unless the people who live in that house happen to be at home and on watch, the thoughtless, characterless city family ap pears to think a holly tree is theirs to strip.
Anoth er friend tells me his farm, which is some 500 acres in s ize , is the haunt of people who are looking for greenery fo r Christmas decoration. They do not hesitate to cut down whole holly trees or cedars or young pines to drag ho me for prettying up the house for the celebration of the birth of the Lord Jesus.
"We almos t ha te to see Christmas come at my house," he said. " We know we'll get so mad about city slickers coming ou t to our farm a n.d walking off with things that belong to us -not to them."
Every year, as Christmas draws near, you will see on the highways, on Sunday afternoons, cars loaded with people, who have been out cutting a Christmas tree; you can see th e poor bedraggled pine or cedar or holly, sticking out of the trunk, be aten by the wind and often covered with du s t from the side road over which the tree-cutters rode to find a tree they thought belonged to nobody.
One city man, who owns a small woodlot, said he felt as if he should put a sign on the Christmas tree he brought ho me from the country, a sign to say: "This tree gre w o n my own property . "
It would be a boon to the farmers if everybody felt as he does . Trees which grow on somebody else's place, no matter how far out in the country, are private property.

Rep,.esentafives lnspefli tp.g
Commmssmon
From l eft to rig bt: R e pre sentative and Mrs . \V . /-1 . Kimmons, Ray Sbirley, and .r?. e prese ntative /Jill Park er.

An inspection of Ge org ia Forestry Commission facilities is being conducted by the Forestry Sub-committee o f th e "'a tural R. esources Committee , G eorg ia '-louse of Representatives. The committee headed by !\epresentative W. H. (3 ill ) Kimmons, began its in spec tion tour , '\Tov. 2 1 and continued throu gh th e 23 rd , Another tour has bee n set up for Dec. 1.3-15 .
Represen ta tive Kimmons had high praise for th e Commi ss ion fa cilities and the prog ram being conducted by the Forestry Commission a long with the efficiency with which the program is be ing carried out. The Pierce Co unry !lepresenta tive s tated tha t a report on the commi ttee ' s findin gs will be made to the Legisl ature when it convenes in January .
T he :\Tov em ber tour includ ed the Wa re Counry forestry unit, Eighth Dis trict office, 1Vay cross State Forest, Pag e and Wa lker \l urs e rie s and the Mc"!"\ae District office . T he legislators also viewed the Telfair County forestry unit a nd hard wood control areas in that county in addition to ac tivities a t the State headquarters in 1acon.
Th e December tour will include vis its to th e followin g couQty forestry units: Jasper-Jones, Morga n-Walton, Gilmer, and Bartow. In a ddition, the group will tour the facilities of the Gainesville District office and Hightower '\] ursery.
Le g islators making the inspection included ~epresent atives W. H . (B ill) Kimmons , C hairman, Pierce C ounty, Bill P arker, Appling County; Hubert Wells, Oconee County; Ryrom F itzg erald, Long County; Roy Kelly,
Jasper County ; T. floyd Larkins , Brantle y Coun ty; W.
T. (R ill) McCown, Polk County; a nd W. G. Todd, Gl ascock County.

-; roun d iJre aki ng ce remonies were held rece ntly for construction of a $42,000,000 pulp mill a t Cedar Springs in Early County. The plant, to be built by the Southern Land, T im ber a nd Pulp Corp . , wi ll cost approximate~y
50 million dollars. Early Countians recently passed a 25-million dollar
bond is sue to go toward th e mills construction . During th e pas t three years the new industry has gro wn to where
it ha s a ba cking of 20,000 stockholders . Approxima tely ') ,000 pe rso ns, att ending the groun d-
breaking ceremonies a t which Sen ator ;..!enuan Ta lm adge was principal speaker, we re told the new mill will go in to production in about two years . It was pointed out that th e mill will employ 4 50 pe r_sons and a similar number will be needed in th e forests to harvest and tra nsport the raw materials. The mill will produce newsprint and liner
board. The crowd was also told tha t a 1ississippi company is
plann ing t o [m ild a converting plant on ad jac ent property. They will use so me of th e kra ft liner bo ar d to be produced by the new mill. App roxima tely 200 employees will be on the converting plant' s payroll.
Eustace Bishop, president of the T ri-R.ivers Development Association , congra tula ted loc al people for their part in inducing th e company to !:mild th e plant near C edar
prings. The Association is made up of a group of citizens dedica t ed to encouraging ne w industry to locate in
the area. Senator Talmadge pointed out th a t the abunda nt rain-
fall and long growing seasons makes Georg ia a n ideal St a te for fo res t production . r le noted, too , that Geo rg ian s neglected woodlands for a century; but in re cent ye a rs they have take n a ke e ne r interest in caring for this im-
portant natural resource . John eely, Manches ter, president of th e new company,
stated that Georgians s hould develop their greatest na-

tura l re s ource ... timber. L!e added tha t th e people o f r; eorg ia should furnish the capi tol needed to develo p this resource . The stockholders of the new development a re all Georgia citizens .
Congressmen, le gislators a nd busines s leaders from throughout Ge orgia were present for the occasion . Schools, government offices and local businesses were closed for the day.
Participating in th e gro und- breaking ceremon y were, l e ft to rigbt, E. E. Wakefield; J obn eel y , president of t he Southern Land, Timber and Pulp Corpor ation; and Mi ss Sue J-l obbs, Miss Earl y Coun t y .

For the firs t time biologists are having an opportunity to look into the effects of ionizing radiation on forest growth and productivity.
Oak-hickory-pine and fl ooded plain forests a re being irradiated a t distances up to 2,000 feet by mixed gamma and neutron radiation from an a ir- s hield ed re actor. This reactor is bei ng operat ed in the center of a 10,000 ac re wooded a re a on th e ' orth Georg ia Piedmon t Plat eau . The entire operation is carried out under the most s tring ent safety precautions as direc ted by the Nuclear Safety Depar tment of Lockheed S eorgia 1uclear Laboratories .
"!"he significance of this program to our economy and t o civil de fe nse a ris es from our need to know wha t may happen a nd how to recover from rad ia tion damage as might res ult from industria l uses of atomic e ne rgy, nucle a r accidents or bombexplosions.
Studies in the irradiat ed a rea a re supported by a gamma radiation field build on the Emory University Campus. It provides for the checking of critical experime nts under controlled conditions. This facility is of prime importance sin ce the ti'lle, ra t e, a nd dose a t th e reactor site is on a ' take-it-asit-come ' basis .
Th e irradiated area, in which definite biological s tu dies have bee n made, at present ext e nds from the reac tor to distances of 1,000-3,000 feet de pendin g on terrain. The irradiated area, a radiu s of some 28~ ac re s, contains an average of 150 trees per acre. Th e total experimental sample number of trees above three inches in diame ter is estimated to be 37,500 . These large numbers make it possible to distinguish between the effects of ionizing radiation and those of other advers e environmental factors with which they may easily be confused, such as drought, killing fro s t, insect damage and disease .
The reactor has been in operation periodically s ince Feb. 1959. The evalua tion of critical dosage determinations has not been completed. However, a rough estimate in dicate s that the total dose for the first twelve -month period on a line of sight bas is was about 32,000 rem a t 500 fe et; 8,000 rem at 1,000 feet; and 2,000 rem a t 2,000 feet.
One of the mo s t dramatic e ffects bas been that of shortening the g rowing season of the woody plant . In Sept. a n d Oct . , 1959, leaf fall in the irradiated area occured up to th irty days ahead of th a t in the surrounding non-irradiated woodlands, a linear relation ship exis ting between dose and earliness o f le af fall.
This Sprin g there was a marked prolongation of dormancy. T hree weeks aft er th e surrou nding woodlands had leafed out, t.'le area up to 1,500 feet radius around th e reactor still appeared to be in its winter aspect. By the e nd of five weeks, most tree s had lea fed out to within 700-800 feet of the reactor. However, many tre es inside thi s a rea were s till void of leaves .
The apica l meristems or buds of woody plants appear to be much more suscepti ble to radiation damage than oth er parts of the woody plant. For seve ral tree s pecies, within 500-700 feet, most of the termina l buds were completely
k illed and l ate ral buds on wood produced several years earlier began to devel op. In the intermedia te zones, two months after leafing out, man y of these trees !lad only a small fraction of normal leaf coverage.
T he cambium of hardwoods appears to be much more resistant than the bud s or gro wing tip s . F or tho se trees on wh ich the termin al buds had !:>een killed, the t wigs remained green and apparently alive. A rough calculation would ind icate th a t the cambium may be four-fi ve tim es more resis tant than the terminal buds.
De tailed experiments a re underway to determine the effects on cambial a cu vrty . Severa l Fritts dendrographs have been in operation over a year. In add ition , a hundred Daubemire dendrome ters have been a tta ched to as many d ifferent trees in order to ge t a mo re definite fi gure on tree g ro wth. Observations have bee n made on xy lem developmen t in several hundred tree s over the last l2-month period.
Current investigations are attempting to correlate physilogical aspec ts of :~ rowth with observed co nditions . Many experimental proced ures have been e s ta blished , but final results a nd conclusions for most of them will not be known for som e tim e . Only a few of the project s underway have been reviewed here in an effort to give som e idea of the nature and extent of this program in rad iation ecology a nd fore s t productivity .
Opportunities for this research program in Georgia developed from construction of an air-shie lded-reactor in Dawson County in 1957 by Lockheed Airc raft C orp. for the T Ai r Force.
The program on forest productivity is part of a comprehensive res earch program in radia tion effects on vegetation in natural environments conducted by the Department of Biology of Emory University. It is supported in large meas ure through a re search grant to Emory fro m the Division of '3iology and 'vfedicine of th e . S . Atomic E nergy Commission. Dr. Robert Platt, Professor of Riology, i s the principal investigator. orne ten graduate resea rch assistants and associate investigators, along with their major professors, are involved in the project.

CooTpheer .Acrreeae...k.Silvan Beauty
Preserved For Sc enic Aspects

T he Cooper Creek Scenic Area, a '1,240 acre primitive forest in Georgia's mountainous Union County, was recently dedicated to all those who are in teres ted in preserving the site "in an undisturbed state" similar to which our forefathers once knew it.
In hi dedicatory address, Congressman Phil Landrum said man has achieved such miracles as the H-Bomb and television, but despite all his advancements "he cannot create beauty as we see it in this location."
He cited the . S . Forest Ser vic e for its foresightedness in setting up the wilderness area and said Georgia is fortunate in having such an area in which students may study ecology.
Judge T. S. Candler of the Georgia Supreme Court, a life long resident of the area, told the dedication cere mony audience that the s~ction once belonged to the
Cherokee Indians. When the Indians were eventually drive n out of
Georgia, he said, a lottery for the property was held in which widows and soldiers were permitted to draw lots .
A soldier from Savannah held the lucky ticket for the particular area which has now been designated as a wilderness project, but the Chatham Countian didn't want it so the ownership reverted to the state .
The judge said the land was sold in 1902 ar fifty cents per acre and re sold 35 years later to the U. S . Governmen t ar $6 per acre.

James K. Vessey, regional forester of the U.S . Fore st Service, pointed our that the Cooper Creek developmen t is rhe 17th area of its kind to be set aside in the sou th as a centc area.
Other speakers at the dedication were Dr. Cha rles H. Wharton, assistant professor biology, Georgia State College; and J. C. Holton, an official of the Mens' Garden Club of Atlanta, Inc.
The establishment of the Cooper Creek Scenic Are a ries in with the aims of the 1ultiple Use -Sustained Yield Act signed last June 12 by President Eisenhower.
The legislation provides that the national forests be managed for multiple use and sustained y ields . The a ct lists five basic renewable natural resources for which rhe national forests were established. These include outdoor recreation, range , timber, watershed, and wildlife.
Vessey, in a recent magazine article, summed up the true meaning of multiple use of our Southern national forests in this manner:
" ... To rhe family, it means a place ro camp, picnic o r enjoy the scenery ; to the spo rtsman, a place to hunt deer, quail and squirrels, or to catch a creel of trout; to a city or village, an abundant source of water for domestic and industrial needs ; to the logger, a place to harvest trees; and, to the farmer, forage for his livestock."

JMDDLL

BCONOM1C

Continental pulp an dous boost tb

economy of Richm<>nci..-;lnt;!lu,l~toun<Hiq";,..~

counties when it went into production this

The new mill, which will employ some 400 persons

during the first months of operations and perhaps later

increase the work force, is expected to hike annual bank

deposits in the area by almost $1,000,000 and account

for 400 new automobile registrations.

Personal income going to the mill employees and some

500 persons in allied fields will amount to approximately

$2,500,000 annually.

The allied jobs will include those who furnish the

big mill and its workers and families with goods and

services.

A mill spokesman said it generally requires four per-

sons in the forests for each man working in the plant.

That would -add another 1,600 persons who would be em-

ployed in harvesting and transporting the raw materials

for the mill.

As a result of Continental locating their plant 10 the

area, Southern Glassine Company, a subsidiary of Deerfield Glassine Company of Monroe Bridge, Va., is now

building a plant near the larger industry.
F. J. McAndrews, plant manager, said the iridustry

will go into operation about mid-February and will ~m

ploy some 80 to 100 persons. Glassine is a semi-trans-

parent paper used in lining cereal boxes, candy wrappers

and other food packages. The plant will use pulp from

Continental Can in its manufacturing process.

Continental's plant will spend more than $5,5001000 annually for raw forest materials for production of 100, -

000 tons of bleached board. About 700 cords of pulp-

wood will be needed daily for manufacture of the paper

which will eventually find its way into paper plates,

cups, cartons and other products.

The mill is located on a 2, 100-acre tract donated by

the Committee of 100, an organization composed of busi-

ness, civic, professional and industrial leaders in the

Augusta area who are working to encourage new industry

to locate in this section of the state.

Allen H. Douglas, executive director of the Committee

of 100, said the organization raised $250,000 during a

two-weeks period in 1959 by public subscription and

bought the land and then donated it to the company.

"We feel it was a good investment," Douglas said.

"The big mill was being sought from Virginia to Texas

and we were very fortunate in finally having Continental

Can Company locate here.''

Douglas, as well as a spokesman for the company,

said several ideal conditions which exist in the Augusta

area were the principal reasons that led CCC officials

to build their plant in Richmond County .

iti-ons indude-ampl water supply from the

Glf treme dous forest acreage from which 'tt:g!~~~~~~ can be btained, site suited for ponding

us

the mill, good supply of labor and several

other advantages.

Douglas, whose organization is a non-profit setup

operating on an annual budget of $50,000, said the ef-

fects of the new mill can already be felt throughout the

area. Although the plant is located on the Central of

Georgia Railroad, he said other railroads are increasing

their tonnage because of the new industry.

The official of the committee also pointed out that

Continental's plant represents the largest single initial

investment to come into this state, with the exception of

military establishments.

The raw water pumping station at the new plant pumps

17 ,000 gallons of water per minute, or 25,000,000 gallons

per day. The big filter plant can handle 22,000,000 gal-

lons each day.

The modern mill bas one of the largest continuous di-

gesters in the industry. It is 109 feet high and 13 feet

in diameter. Cooking time requires from four to six hours.

Among several innovations in the plant is machinery for

a new process in the bleaching operation.

William Schnorbach, a native of Michigan, is plant

manager. George Clossay, an Indiana native, is per-

sonnel director at the plant and Vernon C . Bodenheimer,

who formerly lived in orth Carolina, is technical di-

rector. T. W. Earle is vice president in charge of the

woodlands division, Savannah, and Gene Martin is dis-

trict woodlands manager.

Ray Shirley, director of the Georgia .Forestry Commis-

sion, said Continental Can Company's new Richmond

County plant represents a "giant step forward in Geor-

gia' s important pulp and paper industry .. . citizens

throughout the state should be grateful to the Committee

of l 00 and to the company."

A ll en H. Douglas , exe cutive director of A ug us ta' s Committe e of 100

--= -----~=
C...A...D!I: Fl

=s-r

panies, sawmills, and naval stores operators offer hundreds of Ware Countians employment.
In 1959, Ware County forestry employees had a take home pay of approximately $1,995,299. During the same period the surrounding counties of Chari ton, Clinch, Brantley and Pierce had a great impact on the economy of Waycross. Combined, these counties had 2,000 forestry employees working in naval stores, pulpwood and sawmills and forest related industries. These employees took home approximately $4,304,130 . Almost

of a little less than 30,000 barrels of gum. The forests of Ware County also provide experimental
and recreational areas. The Waycross State Forest, ten miles South of the ~ity on U . S. l, provides the State with opportunities to set up experimental plots for tests on practices that can later be passed on to the woodland1 owner. A naval stores labor study is now being conducted at the forest. The Laura Walker State Park offers camping and forestry demonstration facilities for youth and adult groups. Within a stones throw of the Park is

Fl FIS

The forests carne back. From the fall of 1954 through the spring of 1955 the Southeastern section of Georgia was engulfed in a fog. A fog that will remain in the minds of hundreds of timber land owners in that area and a monument to carelessness for all Georgians. Folks in these parts had always been used to fog rolling out of the big swamp, but none before had the sharp burning odor of a forest fire. The fires rolled out of the vast Okefenokee into Charlton, Clinch, and Ware Counties destroying thousands of acres of valuable timber. Trees measuring 10-12 inche in diameter aren't replaced overnight. Sin~:e the disaster of the "Land of the Trembling Earth" woodland owners have been climbing the comeback trail. Landowners rolled up their sleeves and went to work. First salvaging all timber that was usable, then clearing their land and setting up a reforestation program that has seen the planting of 7,264,000 tre e s since 1955-56 in Ware County. Charlton and Clinch Counties

planted s ome 12,909,900 seedling s during the a rne period.
Once again, six years later, tall timber is again reaching skyward, its stretching limbs touching the lives of everyone in this area. Today, the city of Waycross is a thriving community on the strength of her natural forest factory which surrounds her in every direction.
In 1959 the retail sale s of Waycross totaled over $35,000,000. Approximately ll percent of this total can be directly attributed to personal forestry income.
orne 995 people in Ware County and approximately 2,001 persons in her trade area are in some way employ ed in the forest field. lt is evident why the natives of this "city by the swamp" , always take an extra sniff on foggy mornings for the aroma of burnt timber, their bread and butter.
Crossties , spindles , paper boxes , wood furniture, and turpentine are just some of the wood products produced in this city of some 22 , 000. In addition, pulpwood com-

50 percent of this total can be attributed to the naval the nationally famed Okefenokee State Park. Here thou-

stores industry.

sands of Georgians and visitors from across the nation

The above figures do not take into consideration the have an opportunity to glimpse the wonders of the swamp.

I

$8,415,689 spent for raw products . Of this total some

Ware County has a to~al forest acreage of 324,340

I

$4,63 7,574 was spent for raw products in Ware County . Major pulp and paper companies in Ware County spent $1,931 ,141 of the above total. The companies include

acres of which the above facilities are included. Latest figures show that only 269 acres of_ this area have burned in 1960. This is compared to the 10,637 acres destroyed

Container orp. of America, Brunswick Pulp and Paper, by the swamp fires of 1954-55-

Buckeye Cellulose, Owens-Illinois, Rayonier Pulp and Paper, St. Mary's Kraft Corp. , St. Regis Pulp and Paper, and Union Bag-Camp Paper Corp. These major pulp and paper companies exported approximately 130,000 cords of pulpwood out of Ware County.
During 1959 there were 130,319 cords of pulpwood, 13,206,055 board feet of sawtimber and 29,000 poles

Ware Counti~ns are again holding up the tradition of one of Georgia's pioneer counties in forestry. Whether he be a holder of a small or large tract of timber or a horne owner in the city, Waycross citizens know that forestry is the foundation of their economy and the price it cost o build such a foundation.

produced in Ware County. \Javal stores also played

For those who have not paid the price in burned tim.-

an important role in the counties forestry income. There ber , travel in any direction from the "city by the swamp"

were some 88 producers working approximately 120 crops or 1,209,324 faces. This amounted to a production

and tall but scared skeletons remind you of the forests that died and came back.

INITIAL FOREST PRODUCTS
WEEK OBSERVED

Governor Ern est Vapdiv~r signs 'F ores t Products Week' pro clamation . Present are Forest Products Wee k Committee Cha irman Oe rt e lt Co llins and Georgia Forestry Assn . Executive Secretary Harvey Bro wn .

October 16-22 was National Fore-st Products week. The President's

proclamation of September 15 marked the initial formal re cognition to an

industry which affects each Individual the world over.

Governor Ernest Vandiver pointed

out in his State proclamation that

forestry has been

a key to Georgia's

industrial econ-

omy by providing a vast raw ma-

terial supply and

crea ting employment for thou-

sands of Georgians. Georgia

has become a leader in for es try through the s cien-

Congressman Forrester

tific ma nagement of her for es ts a nd in insuring a continuous s upply of forest products and services, he added.
With Georgia a recognized forestry leader, it was fitting that a Georgian, Third District Congressman E . L. Forrester, Leesburg, took the IOHiative in pushing legislation establishing National Forest Products Week. As a member of the House Judiciary Committee and as Chairman of Subcommittee No. 4 of that Committee he brought the above leg islation before th e Hou se in th e closing days of the session.
As a re s ult of Congressman Forester's enthusiastic support of all legislation of value to fore s try, he has been mad e an Honorary life member in the International Order of
Hoo-Hoo .

ARMY CONDUCTS WOOD WEIGHING EXPERIME NT
Timoer sales on military lands in the Southeas tern States bring in some one and one-half million dollars annually, but administrative costs in disposing of this material has in creased considerably in recent years, thus whittling down the revenue that actually goes into our n a tional tre as ury.
Confronted with this proble m, The Corps of E ngineers, U . S. Army -th e age ncy th a t disposes of forest products grown on military areas -launched an experiment in which it weighed the products rather than following the traditional scaling method in determining wood volume.
The encouraging results of the experiment point toward an eventual savings of 30 to 40 percent if complete conversion from scaling to weighing on any one military installation is accomplished.
Keith D. Lang e, Division Forester of the Corps' South Atlantic Division, said preliminary work began by making several timber sales by weight to determine whether the method could be adapted to the unusual conditions found on military reservations .
Five sizable timber sales, consisting of pine logs , pulpwood and poles, were conducted during a six-month period on two large milita ry re se rvation s wi th the recog nition a t the be ginning that different species of pine would we igh differently; that large timber would weight differerently th a n s mall timber ; and that important factors such as defect and log lengths could effect weight.
Because of the variance in weight 'within a given area due to these factors , th e Corps' foresters scaled and weighed a "sample" volume of each product to obtain reliable information which could apply to the re maining timber to be harves ted in the particular sale tract.
The sale contract, therefore, provided that the government would scale or measure a representa tive percentage of the timber at the beginning of the operation. The material would then be weighed and the average "weight-volume" relation s hip per unit of me as urement determined .
T he gross weight of the wood was divided by the net volume s caled to a rri ve at this factor. F rom thi s t ime until completion of the particular sale, all material harvested was merely weighed, and the weight factor applied to obtain the volume removed.
Lange said the sales produc e d s ome "interesting information." T-! e said th at on one sale of pine sawtimber consisting of l ongleaf with s ome loblolly intermixed , the average weight of one thousand board feet of pine sawlogs (Scribner Dec . C) was 14, 750 lbs. This ave rage was based on about 100 M. 9. F. of logs.
"We continued to weigh sawtimber on this reservation," he said, "and it was determined after weighing more than 250 M. '3 . F. that pine saw timber in the general area, and of this spec ies and of this s ize, weighed between 14,000 and 15,500 los . perM. 5. F.
The governme nt fore s ter said the sales made to date indicate th at pine timoer will vary in weight to some degree in each localized area. Ye said it was found that on the Scribner Dec. C Log Rule, large logs weig hed less per M. B. F. than small l ogs . He said the difference between the weight of heartwood and sapwood accounted for part of th e varia nce.
"Another reason," Lange said, "was that in the Scribner Dec. C Log Rule, large logs produce less "overrun" of lumber than small ones, hence there was less waste wood los t per board foot of material when it got to the mill."
In discussing the increasing cost of disposing of forest product s on military lands, Lange pointed out th a t the conventional method of scaling not only called for the scaling itself, but a tabulation in scale books, computation of defect, summation of log volumes, and auditing. "Another reason," he said, "is that many of our military reservation s a re large a nd travel by employees in sc aling a t the many timber sales location s has become a significant part of the expense."
The forester said, "We are favorably impressed by the res ults obtaine d on th e sales of timber to dat e . We conclude from the inves tigation th at the weighing of fore s t products may well prove to be the syst'em that we we re looking for ... "
(ED ITOR'S t OTE: Th e Georgia Forestr y Commission does not appro v e or di sapfJTove of tb e wood weighing method fo r determining vo lu me and qualit y. Since conditions vary as to tree specie, season, wood densit y, lo g grades , rat e of growtb, e lafJse of time betw een cutting and we ig hing and otb er f act ors, Co111m is sion studies are being conducted to learn more about the weight versus scale proposition.)

FORESTERS COUNCIL
AT SCOUT CAMPS

IV hen and what t o t hin is v aluable information to a woodland owner who plans to carry out good management practices on his woodlot. John Hammond, Georgia Forestry Commission management assistant, Macon, and Pike -Spaulding County Ranger J olm Osbolt, Z ebulon, lecture local woodlan d owners on val ue of proper t 6inning techni7ue s .

Joint Forest Management Program Underway

iniRtieacte~nd t~

hardwood control and joint for es t ma nage me

thinning nt progra

de mons tration m be twe e n th e

s near Georgi a

Ze bulon Fores tr;

Commiss ton , SCS, ASC, and Extens ion Service.

The progra m is be ing conducte d in 23 s elected c ounti es throughout

Georgia in an e ffort to inte n s i fy for es t ma n age me nt. T h e needs o f ea ch

county , de te rmine d by th e c oop e ra ting age nc i es, de te rmin e th e fores t man-

agement pra ctice s to be s tressed in each c oun ty .

Weed tree control , improved se-

l ective cutting prac tices, and re -

fores ta tion of idle a cres headed the

lis t of nee d s in th e sel ec ted coun -

ties . Impro ve ment i n tree p la nti ng

me thods , ge n e ra l wood la nd im prove -

ment on s ma ll fa rm s, a nd ma rke t ing

a ids we re othe r needs brought o ut

a t coun ty mee tings .

W. H. Mc Com b, Georg i a Fores try

C ommi ss ion ma n age me nt c h ief s t a t-

ed th at Pike County was one of th e

firs t counties in th e s ta te to prac -

tice t i mbe r s t a nd impro ve me nt a nd

ha rdwood c on trol on pin e l a nd. R e -

cently l a ndo wn e rs in thi s c oun ty

a l s o h ave beg un to ma ke timbe r

s t a nd im prove me nts in h a rdwood

stands, McComb added.

Pike -Spalding Conuty !?ange r J ohn Osbolt and Pike Co unt y Agent S. M. Craig give woodla nd oun ers near Z eb ulon tointers on profJer

Counties a nd d is tric ts in volved in th e prog ra m include Bulloch a nd J e nkin's C ounties,F ir s t Di s trict ; Do ug h e r ty a n d T ift C ounties, Se cond Di s tri c t ; S tewart a nd Taylor

frilling and spraying of cull bard- Co unties, Th ird Dis tric t ; P ike a nd

woo d spe cies . Woodland owners ' ew ton Counties, F ourth Di s trict ;

include J. H. llraz i er and :Vilbur a nd Hou s ton a nd Toombs C ounties,

P.lliott.

F ifth Dis tric t.

Was h~n ~ ton a nd P ~tn a m Counties, S ix th Dis tri c t , C h erokee, C h a tto oga, a~d Whltf~ e l d_ C ounties, Seve nth Dis trict ; Ba con , Way n e, a nd Lo wndes,

Eighth Dts tnct ; F ra nkl10, Ha ll a nd J ac kson Counties Ninth Dis trict

a nd Wilkes, an d Wa lton Co unti es, Te nth Dis trict, c ompl; t e th e sch e dule:

Sevent b District Management Forester. Place , sbo ws scouts ho w to take d .b .b. of trees .
Georgia Forestry Commission di strict office a nd coun ty unit fores t e r s se rved as for es try an d nature me ri t badge coun s elor s thi s pas t s um mer.
So me 16 for.es te r s in s tructed at 13 Boy Scout ca mp s throughout Georgia. Th e fores ters, who logged approxima te ly 220 hours , ra n th e ir classes over a pe riod of 55 days .
Some 16 fores t e rs pa rti c ipa ted in 13 Boy Sco ut c a mp s throu gh o ut Georg ia .
T . B. Ha nkin s on , Commiss ion as s is t a nt ma nage me nt chie f in ch a rge of th e Sta te's part in the program, s ta ted tha t this was the fir s t tim e S ta t e fores t e r s had se rved as c o unselors on a s ta te -wide bas i s . F ire c o ntrol , se l ec tive ma rking, wa t e rs hed values and tree ide ntification we re t a ught th e scoute rs in addi tion to th e me r it badges .
T he cout camps included Ala p a ha, Alla toona, Bert Adams, Chehaw, Strocha n , a nd th e George L a nie r Council Cam p. J. K. Orr, Lynwood Hay ne, \1cKen z ie, O'Hara, Oke fe nokee, Ra in ey Mounta in , a nd T hunde r ro un ds out th e lis t o f camps.
~ t A CO.'! T O HOST FORESTERS .. . T he Georg ia Fores try Commi ss ion a nd th e C ity o f ~ l acon will be hos t to th e n a ti on 's S t a t e fo res t e rs in 1961. The mee t ing is tentat ively se t for Oc t obe r R-1 2. C omm i ssion Direc tor A. R . Sh irl ey exte nded th e invitation at the re ce nt annual Sta te for es t e r s mee tin g in Mi ssoul a, \f ont. Ge orgia was l as t hos t to th e a nnua l meeting in 19 31 when it was jointly held with Florida.

Cum

Outlook 1 Fa~ orr able Demand
Falrr rrlces

l{epresentative s from all segments of the gum naval stores. industry attended a ' '; urn Outlook ' program at 13 axle y in 'l ovemoer. Producers, processors , exporters, dealers, members of trade associations and State forestry agencies were among the 1., 000 persons in attendance.
T he need for more and strong er producer associations was urged by Judge !Jarley Langdale, president, .'\me ric an T urpentine Farmer's Assn. Judge Langdale added that these a ssociations s!lould b e ma intained for the future and that there should be an orderl y increase in ;5um naval stores production.
A stead y and favora~le demand for gum rosin at fair prices was predicted by H. L. My er, Chematar Pine Products C orp., ~ew York. In reviewing world s upply and demand conditions , ~ fy er pointed out that the demand and price outlook for '61 was good but not to expect the prices that prevailed in 1960. Producers present indicated that Georgia's pro-
duction would increase some 10-12 percent a bove 1960. At present, Georgia produces 82 percent of all U. S. gum n a val stores.
The fact that processors have a definite and important place in the future of g um naval stores was brou ght out by 13 artow Snooks, Vidalia S um Turpentine Co., Snooks stated that producers are responsible

for planning uniform and high quality products in consumer trade. !e added that processors are interested in doing everything possible to encourage gum rosin and turpentine production to meet TJ . S. and world needs .
Milton S. Briggs, chief, Naval Stores Branch, U. S. Department of Agriculture, emphasized the present supply and disappearance figures for all types of rosin. He predicted a bright future for gum naval stores if owners would place trees in production to meet present and future needs. Brigg s added that a considerable increase is necessary each year to meet needs of rosin consumers throughout the world.
E xtension Forester Dorsey Dyer advised timber owners to either work or lease naval stores timoer durin g the coming year. '!e stated that naval stores is an excellent source of revenue that greatly increases income from slash and longleaf pine trees. Dyer added that present prices make working trees for naval stores attractive and still permits the owner to realize almost as much from his pulpwood and sawtimoer after being worked out for naval stores.
' lorman 'lawley, Program Supervisor, TJ. S. Forest Service, Valdosta, emphasized that area foresters are available to assist any turpentine producer or farmer in their naval

stores production operation. He pointed out the folly of working small trees, emphasizing that no trees under nine inches should be put into operation.
l{ay Shirley , S eorgia Forestry Commission Director, advised the group of naval stores operations being conducted at the State forest. l-Ie emphasized the need for more information on labor costs and other labor and production factors of value to new producers in determining cost of gum production. Shirle y pointed out that Commission foresters are being trained in the production of gum naval stores through the naval stores projects on the State forest.
This training will enaole the foresters to more ably assist woodlan d owners in the naval stores areas of the State.
John S. Laws, General Manager Filtered ~osin Products Co., Inc. which was joint host with ATF A and other processing groups, welcomed the naval stores group. Downing Musgrove, Assistant tanager, ATFA, presided .
L. W. Eberhardt, Jr., Associate Director, Agricultural Extension Service, Athens , was moderator of the panel discussions. Panel members included, in addition to those mentioned, Jim L. Gillis, Jr., S. 0. Spooner, Lindsay Grace, and ~alph 1V. Clements.

Prrellmlnarry Survey Report

Southwest ~ eorgia's farmers own 84 percent of the forest land; forest acreage remains stable; and timber volume shows decline. rowever, better fire protection methods have increased the number of softwood trees by 18 percent.
These eye-opening factors reveal SW S eorg ia's Fesent forest condition and needs in order to obtain potential values, according to ~ay Shirley, director, S eorgia Forestry Commission. Shirley added that present forest conditions in SW Georgia are of great importance to existing potential forest interest to this area and the State as a whole.
The trends were just released in a
preliminary report by A. S. Todd, Jr., acting chief, Division of Forest Economics 1esearch, Southeastern Forest ExperimeritStation, Asheville,
\/ . c.
The report shows that 3.1 million acres are in forest land or 54 percent

of the total area in Southwest Georgia, This is only an increase of 10,300 acres over the 1.9 )1. report.
However, cuttin g and mortality has reduced the volume of softwood and hardwoods. Hardwoods have replaced pine on 155,750 acres since '51. In 1960, pine made up at least a fourth of the stand on 6 5 percent of the forest area compared to 70 percent in '51. Softwood volume has dropped 8 percent and hardwood c; percent during the past nine years. Approximately 20 percent of the hardwood loss was in connection with land clearing, non-commercial thinning, and site preparation . Current soft-
wood growth is some 9 million cubic
feet short of replacing the mortality and volume cut each year.
The report pointed out that the areas still growing pine are better
stocked than formerly. The report
emphasized the need for improved cutting and management practices to

coincide with growth and fire protection advances.
A preliminary report on the South east Georg ia Unit surve y , which wa s completed in September, is expected shortly , Todd said. l.fe added tha t work should be completed i, t'l e
lower Piedmont "uy late F e0ruary . T:1e remainder of the study , coverin g the Piedmont and mountain regions , will be carried out during June, July , and Aug ust of 1 9 ') 1_.
The survey, which started in August , 1959 , is expected to be com pleted in the latter part of 19-J l . Mac !( ay '1. Bry an, ~esearch Foreste r, of the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, TJ . S. Forest Servic e ,
Asheville, is in charge of the study. The survey is being coaduued by
U. S. Forest Service personnel with additional backing of the ~ eorg ia Forestry C ommission, ~ eorg ia Fore st Research Council, Forestry Association and industry.

New Crates
Thousands of Georgia landowners a re receiving their 1960 -61 seedling shipments 10 specially designed wrapping crates. Approximately 68,000 special wire-bound "wraparound" crates are being put into use this shipping season. The boxes are designed to hold 2,000 and 500 seedlings respectively .
Tests on the "wraparound" crates, developed by the Georgia

For Seedlings no special skill on the part of personnel preparing seedlings for shipment. In addition, no manual or

Forestry Commission, show that

strapping tools are n eeded for

more efficient packaging and dis-

fastening as in past operations.

tribution can be obtained. Georgia

landowners who received their seed-

lings in the new type package last

year were well pleased, according

to Sanford Darby, chief, Reforesta-

tion Division of the Forestry Corn-

miSSion.

The ''wraparound'' seedling crate

is de signed so that landowners can

remove portions of the seedlings

and the remainder be properly pro-

tected for future planting. Planters

will also find that they can gain ac-

cess to the contents much easier

than trees shipped in standard bales.

From a nursery -manage me nt stand-

point personnel are abl e to fasten

all packages, graded a nd packed for

shipment, within a given period.

This will increase daily nurse ry out-

put which in turn speeds del ive ry

from nursery to landown er . In the

past, nurserymen have been able to

C o mm ission !Jir e cl or :?a y S hirle y

lift and grade stock faster than it

a11d As sis tant ll org f'/n N urs ery Su-

could be baled .

perint ende nt George Sanders in -

The "wraparound" crate requires

sfJe ct 196 0 -61 s eedling cro fJ .

SW'alnsboro Lad Represents tate In Annual Forestry Con~petltlon

The 17-year-old Swainsboro lad presented New York City's Mayor Wagner with a Ge org ia .ham, appeared on Dave Garroway's nationally televised show, Today, and spoke to CIVIC clubs and attended special luncheons in -Kansas City, St. Louis and Cincinnati.
While visiting thos e cities during a recen t 11-day trip, th e Swainsboro High student also presented mayors, congressmen and forestry officials with gave ls made from magnolia grown on the Georgia farm of the late Representative Dudley Hughes, founder of the nation's vocationalagricultural training program.
The youth, Tommy Kersey, son of Mr. and Mrs. Jordan Kersey, was representing Georgia as statewide winner in the Seaboa rd Railroad's annual Horne Forestry Project Con-
test. Project accomplishments that led
to Tommy's selection over some 750 boys competing throughout the state included the planting of 115,000 seedlings, thinning 12.4 acres, hardwood control of 50 acres, selective cutting of 30 acres and construction of three miles of fire breaks.

Tommy Ker sey and IV. ,1. A.uery
In the expansive projecr, which he carried out on his father's Emanuel County farm, young Kersey also harvested 16,000 board feet of sawlogs and 34.6 cords of pulpwood.
Tommy won a cash prize of $275 and his vo-ag te a cher, W. A. Avery, also received a cash award . The

teacher praised Tommy for his de votion to his project and te rm ed him "a fine student."
Avery also told of Tommy's plans to spend an extra year in high school to ge t a more solid background in science and math before entering th e School of Forestry, Unive rsity o f Georgia. "He could finish next spring, but he wants a strong founda tion ," the teacher said.
Tommy's father, who is affiliated with the Emanuel County Unit of the Georgia Forestry Co mmission , sa.~~ his son's "heart is in forestry ...he wants to work with th e Com mi ssion after he completes his education ... that's . all he ta lks about these days."
The Georgia winn.cr, who placed second in Seaboard's contest las:t ye- r and also second in. Union BagCa mp Paper C ompan y's Forestry Project competition this year, toured the four cities this fall with winn ers from orth Carolina, South Ca rolina, Florida and Alabama .
Willard 1orris of Homerville was second place winner in th e Georgia competition this year . Warre n Paulk of Willacoochee was third and Danny Fender of Lake land placed fourth.

SEEDLING LIFTING

The lifting of the 1960-'} 1 Seorg ia Forestry Commission seedling crop saw Georgia landowners receivi:~ g th e highest quality seedlings ever produced by th e forestry Commission. Th is quality crop i:~cludes, for the first time, certain hardwood spe-
Cles. Comm i ssion Director ~ay hirley
stated tha t the adoption of a modified soil management program this past pring is responsiole for the high caliber seedlings. hirley added that th e program meant shifting emphasis from quantity to quality as seed were given an opportunity to grow at an uniform rate.
C ommission Reforestation Chief Sanford Darby stated that the seedlings 0eing shipped have the following specification s : a top of approximately eight inches, a s tem diameter of one-quarter i:lches with a fibrous
root sys tem at least six inches lon g . Decreased seed bed densi ties, more effective irrigation control and root pruning , and an increased sprayin g program for fusiform rust were in-
erted in our manage ment program Darby added .
~Iardwood species produced included swamp chestnut oak, northern red oak, sweet gum, sycamore, dog-

wood, green ash, olack walnut, and yellow poplar. Softwood species grow n were slash, loi:>lolly, lon g leaf, shortleaf, and Virginia pine, eastern red cedar, and bald cypress.
If the purchaser has to cancel his order, a full refund will be made if the cancellation is made before Jan. l , 1961. He will be charged 25 percent of the undelivered seedlings after Tan . 1.
hirley added that landowners can still place their order for seedlings . ~ lanks for ordering pine tree seedlings are available through the Fores try Commission's county range rs. A C purchase orders will be accepted as well as checks and money orders.
A transporta tion charg e of 25 cents per thousand trees will be made on tree delive ry by tru ck to coun ty units. There is no limit on quantity. However, any purchaser may pick up their seedlings at the nursery location if th ey desire.
The Commission's six nurseries and their location are Davisboro, near Davisboro; Herty, Ga. 9l at Albany; Hig htower, Ga. 'i3 near Dawsonville; Wa lker-Pag e, Ga. 1.78 near Reidsville; and forgan, . S. a l between Macon and Perry.

CHRIST MAS TREE GROWERS BAND

Georgia Christmas Tree growers have banded together and formed the Ge org ia Christmas T re e Growers Association. The Association 's main objective is to put Georgia g rown trees on a compe titive basis with northern species.
The newly formed organization will meet in January to elect officers and draw up hy-l aws, according to temporary Association Chairman 3ill Murray, Georg ia Ag ricultural Ex tension Forester.
Some 30 Georgia Christmas tree growe rs a ttended the organizational meeting at Rock Eagle State Park, near Eaton ton, in October. The meeting preceded a survey conducted by the Georgia Extension Service which indicated that only 77 of 333 growers were breaking even or making money . Dill Mu rr ay pointed out that a good many growers have dropped ou t of

the business due to lack of knowledge . There is no coordinated research in the field at present, Murray added .
Mu rr ay stated that th e organization will serve to organize Georgia dealers, coordinate research which in turn will lead to higher quality trees on the Georgia market.
M. C. Stewart, edi tor, American Christmas Tree Grower's Journal, emphasized th e importanc e of a
Late GLu wcr' :> Association. Elim ination of duplicated rese arch, pooling of research information and division of wo rk among member organization s are a few of the advantages cited by Stewart.
Dorsey Dyer, Georgia Agricultural Forestry Department ;{ead, presided
over th e meeting . C. tt. O'Kelly ,
State Agricul rural Leader, welcomed the group.

PLANTAT ION
SURVIVAL
SURVEY
Georgia is averaging about 70 percent survival in slash and longleaf pine pla ntation s according to th e 1960 survival survey . T he survey was made oy th e :-; eorr, ia Forestry Commission l2 months after initial planting and included samples .from 80'i pine plantations.
Six casual agen t s accounted for 73 percent of th e 30 pe rc ent loss in slash and loblolly pine. Poor planting, droug ht, c:ompetition, cold weather, improper handling of stock and deer and rabbits were the chief mortality causes.
Sanford P . Dar by, chief of th e l.eforestation Division of the F orestry Comm ission, stated that some of th ese factors can be con trolled. Darby sa id that throug h proper supervision, including careful tra ining of field crews, initial seedling survival can be increased .
Of all tree seedlings planted 7'5 percent were in old fields, 10 percen t in pastures or heavy sod, and 15 percent in cut over forest or brushy land.
Of the plantations surveyed, 22 percent of the losses were attributed to poor planting, 22 percent, drought ; 14 percent, competition; 8 percent, cold weather; 4 percent, deer and rabbits; and 3 percent, improper handling of planting stock.
Where some land preparation was done an increase in survival was noted. There was a 78 percent survival on those are as that had been disced and harrowed, 76 perce nt when cut with rotary mower, 75 p erceo t when furrowed , and 72 percent when prescrii>ed ourned. These figures are all above the State average of 70 percent.
Of the areas studied, 69 percent had no land preparation. Of th e areas that showed sign s of s ome preparation, 13 percen t had been dis-ced and harrowed, 9 percent prepared by fire, 4 percent cut wi th a rotary mo wer, 2 percent furrowing and 3 percent miscellaneous.
To insure maximum seedling survival, the Commission's local fore st ranger will be glad to advise any landowner or reforestation labore rs on how to obtain best results in their tree planting program.

Logging the foresters ...

Sp eake rs and spec ial gues ts at the rece11t d edicat ion of the Coope r C reek Sce nic A rea we re, left to rig ht, sea ted: ju dge T. S. Cand le r, Cong ressm an Phil Landru m, an d Paul Vinc ent, for es t superviso r of the Chattahoochee a tio nal Fore s t. S tandi>lg , l e ft to righ t, are ] . C. Hol to n, v ice p resident of th e Atlanta Me n s Gard e n C lub; Or. Charl e \Vharton, professor of biology, Ceor fiia State College; j im l' essey, reg ional for es t e r; Wal te r Woody, Union Co unt y landowne r; and the l~ ev. A . C. j ohnson, Dahlon eg a.
Thesejloats are rep rese nt ative of those e nt e re in rece nt parad es by co unty fo re try unit s. The Washin gton Co unty float, le ft, c aptured fir t p lac e in the commerc ial divi ion o f the annual Kao liu Festival parade at Sande rsv ille. Th e ~~Iilii' bottom float was e nt e rt>d by th e Chat ham Uuit in Savannah's Fi re P reuc> ution t> ar ade.

LET ERII
Mr. f3illy Ro we Nashv ille, Georgia
De ar Mr. R owe:
I can't beg i11 to express my appre c iat ion a nd the happin es s I rece iv ed from yo u and the Dads Cl ub sponsoring me in th e Georg ia Fo res try Cont e st.
It is always a joy and I am p roud to be "'bl e to re p re sent m y co unt y and it s people in any contest.
S ince re l y yo urs,
Patsy G idde n
Mr. j e rry Lanie r A ss i s t a12t Dist rict Fo res te r S tat esbo ro, Geo rg ia
De ar j e rry:
T hank yo u fo r your inte re s t in ou r s umme r c amp . Y o ur progra m w a s one of th e mo t talked about fea ture s ofour se c tion. Th rough yo ur e ffo rt s , matzy yo ung boys have le arn e d to appreciate more f ully o ur con serv ation. and fo re s t ry serv i ce.
S in ce re ly,
To m 13am e tt, Jr. Distric t Scout f:xecu tive Camp Strachan
,\1r. F. \V. Hubbard, Jr . Flo yd Co unty Fores try Unit
De ar tllr. Hu bbard:
Than k yo u very muc h fo r your time and e ffo rt s in sp e aking at o ur e l eme ntary scie >Zce workshop at P e fJiJe re ll. Th ese talks we re hig h point s of int e res t to ou r scie n ce t ea che rs. \V e be lieve that th e e n.thu s ia m fr o m th i s wo rkshufJ will be c arrie d over int o the c la ss rooms.
V e ry truly yours,
Charles r: . Ande rso n, C h. Floy d Co. r: ducat io n Assn.

Ceorg ia Fo res try Co mmi ssion fo res te rs participated in mock fir e exercises which d es troyed some 7, 000 a c res near Wayc ross and C laxton. Th e primary purpos e o f th e exe rc i ses was to int egrate Stat e pe rsonne l a11d indust ry f ire fi gh te rs in to an e ffic ieut team to battle majo r fi res.