Georgia forestry, Vol. 11, no. 12 (Dec. 1958)

E
Tree December, 1958
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Cruising the News
Avoid Fires
(From the Augusta Chronicle)
During these dry days when forest rangers are more than usually on the alert to prevent destruction of Georgia's forests by fire, everyone should become a part of the fire protection organization that guards constantly against fire losses.
There need be no formalities in joining up with the fireprevention group. All one has to do is to say to one's self: I shall see that nothing I do. starts a fire.
That means no carelessly tossed away cigarette during a hunting trip, no left-over hot embers in a camp fire , no thoughtless tossing of cigarettes through the windows of a speeding car. In other words, no carelessness where the po-ssibility of starting a fire exists.
The long dry spell means that roadside grass is sere and easily inflammable. Underbrush, too, is dry and piled up leaves will ignite from the slightest wisp of a flame, or even from a red-glbwing discarded cigarette butt.
It pays to be careful.
Hunters Can Help
Curb Forest Fires
(From the Columbus Ledger)
Chance of forest fires being started always exists in the hunting season, but the danger is accentuated when there has been a long dry spell such as the one this fall.
Georgia Game and Fish Director Fulton Lovell has appealed to all hunters, and others going into the forests and fields, to exercise etreme caution and not to start woods fires.
Although prese-nt conditions are dangerous, the game and fish director says he has no plans now to close any areas in Georgia to hunting. He says he is ready to take such action, however, should it become necessary.
Whether or not hunting in danger areas of Georgia will go on rests largely with hunters. If they cooperate and guard ~gainst starting wood fir.es , it will be unnecessary to institute a no:hunting ban. Otherwise, the woods and fields in large areas will be closed to them.
Even rain, as is forecast now, will not remove the danger unless the precipitation is prolonged and heavy. Light showers provide only temporary protection.
Forest fires cost Georgia landowners huge sums annually and also deplete the supply of game. Statistics show that the majority of the blazes result from someone' s carelessness, and hunters are responsible for many of them.
With that in mind, all who go into the woods and fields should exercise extreme care not to start fires. They should guard against tossing away lighted cigarettes or matches and building camp fires carelessly or leaving them burning.
Those careless acts are blamed for many of the serious fires.

Vol. ll

GEORGIA FORESTRY

December, 1958

No. 12

Published Monthly by the GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION
Box 1183
Macon, Georgia
Guyton DeLoach, Director

Members, Board of Commissioner~:

C. M. J ordan , Jr., Chairman

....... Ala~no

Sam H . M.organ .. -- --- ... --- ...................... Savannah

Oscar S . Garrison ___ - ----- - -- -- ----- -------- Homer

H . 0. Cummings __ ----- ----- -- ---- Donalsonville

John M. McElrath, -- -------- ----.------ _ Macon

Georgia Forestry is entered as second class matter at the Post Office under the Act of August 24, 1912. Member of the Georgia Press Association.



EDITOR

...... ............ .Frank Craven

STAFF ARTIST ..... ----- - ------------------ Dan Vos~

ASSOCIATE EDITORS ................Bill Kellam, John C urrie ,

*

Rip Fontaine

DISTRICT OFFICES,

GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION:

DISTRICT 1- Route 2, States boro
DISTRICT 11- P . 0 . Box 26, Camilla
DISTRIOT Ili- P . 0 . Box 169, Americus
DISTRICT IV- P . 0. Box 333, Newnan
DISTRICT V-P. 0 . Box 328, McRae

DISTRICT VI- P . 0 . Box 505, M iII e d ge v i l l e
DISTRICT VII - Route 1,
Rome DISTRICT VIII-P. 0 . Box
1160, Waycross DISTRICT IX - P . 0 . Box 416,
Gainesville DISTRICT X- Route 3,
Washington

NOTICE
'Georgia Forestry' will be puhlished quarterly in 1959. The first issue will appear in March. The magazine will contain 16 pages in the future.
Georgia Pines Needed
(From the Adel News)
It is said that a nearby Tennessee newsprint mill is now consuming around a half-million cords of pine wood annually from Tennessee and six surrounding states. A third of that half-million cords come from Georgia. The plant uses only pine pulpwood and is buying up more timber lands with each passing year.
This may be truly called the Great Paper Age. More and more paper products are being used from newsprint on down to the paper container our milk is delivered in. Consumption of pulpwood is increasing at a rate of 4 to 6 percent a year and is expected to keep rising for the next 20 years. This means double the demand by 1978.
If this keeps up there will be a paper famine unless pulpwood resources are expanded and more paper mills are built. We have the necessary extra land here in South Georgia to grow this pulpwood. We must continually stay at the job of conserving the timber growth we now have, keep planting more and caring for what we have. This can mean much to us in Cook and surrounding counties.

Residue Survey Promises Revenue

Georgia has no gold lying around on the ground, but there is plenty of wood residue, which is good as gold to enterprising manufacturers, a report just released by government foresters reveals.
A "Survey of Wood Residue in Georgia," by Rufus Page, Forest Products Technologist, U. S. Forest Service and Georgia Forestty Commission, and Joseph Saucier, Research Forester, USFS, gives a complete picture of wood residue in Georgia.
The report, plus other information which is filed at the Georgia Forestry Center in Macon and is available to interested manufacturers, not only lists the location of every source of residue in the state, but gives its amount, kind, and availibility. Estimated annual residue production for a specific area can be figured by applying conversion factors developed by the foresters.
Page and Saucier directed the 159-county survey, the
first in the history of Georgia, which was sponsored by
the Forestry Commission, U. S. Forest Service, Georgia Forest Research Council, Georgia Dept. of Commerce and Georgia Chamber of Commerce.
Copies of the survey have been distributed to all the sponsoring groups and will be used to attract new industry to Georgia, Page said. The survey gives interested parties a sound estimate of the availibility of residue. The book recommends that more detailed surveys be made before an industry picks a site.
Page and Saucier were assisted on the 10-month project by more than 100 assistant district foresters,

mana~em~nt , and county forest rangers of the Forestry Comm1ss10n. These men compiled information on all wood-using industries in their counties and sent it to the 10 district ~ffices of the Forestry Commission, where it was consolidated and sent to Macon for processing and editing into the 36-page book.
Several other Southern states already have numerous industries which use wood residue. Principal types of residue include cull lumber, slabs, edgings, end trim, bark, shavings, sawdust, veneer cores, veneer clip and roundup and sanderdust.
Wood residue is used to manufacture wood pulp, par tide board, hardboard, charcoal, wood flour, sweeping
compounds, toys, molding, tobacco sticks, wood briquettes and industrial chemicals. More uses are being developed by research each year.
Almost 1,300 wood-using industries in Georgia were surveyed. Their 1957 production left an estimated 3,751,344 tons of green weight softwood residue and 1,426,499 tons of hardwood residue.
Numerous tables break the figures down into forestry district production, value of cypes of residue produced per district, types of residue produced by various industries and other such categories.
Introductory chapters analyze the wood residue picture, define the various types, explain ho:"' they're manufactured into finished products and g1 ve other interesting and pertinent data.

Georg1a
Certifies First Pine Seed Producers

Inspectors' eye view

Georgia marked up another forestry first last month by establishing the nation's initial pine seed certification program. Superior pine trees are certified as seed producers according to standards of the Georgia Crop Improvement Assn. of Athens.
The GOA is a member of the International Crop Improvement Assn., composed of 42 states including Alaska, and three Canadian provinces. The ICIA establishes quality standards for see d and inspects agricultural crops to certify seed producers.
Federal and Georgia Forestry Commission foresters and crop improvement officials made the fir!3t pine seed-producing area inspecti on last week at a 22-acre tract of slash pine:: own ed by Gair Woodlands Corp. in Emanuel Counry. This site, which was left with about 200 pines of superior characteristics after the inspectors removed all inferior trees, is the first to be approved in North America.
This tract had been used earlier in the year for a training school for the Georgia Forestry

Moore, Barber, Cole eye pine

Commission management foresters who are the state's first certification inspectors.
Another Gair tract in Hancock County and Union Bag-Camp Paper Corp. timber in Effingham and Appling Counties were also checked, giving Georgi a some 50 acres of certified seed trees. Hugh Inglis, agronomist in charge of seed certification for the Georgia Crop Improvement Assn., said that pine seed have now joined such farm commodities as corn, clover and oats in the certified seed field.
Seed tree certification will provide private
and state tree nurseries , starting with the 1960 cone crop, with seed from pines of superior characteristics, which include fast growth, straight stems, good forms and freedom from insects and disease infestation. State and industry-operated orchards of grafted pines will produce superior seed in quantity within the next 10 or 15 years.
"Private landowners may have their trees certified for seed production ," Inglis said. "There is no limit on the number of acres which can be devoted to seed production. The number of seed trees per acre will depend, of course, on the quality of the timber. Pine seed may some
day rival peaches, apples and pecans as a source of tree income.''
Tracts must have high quality timber and at
least one hundred trees per acre before they will be inspected to see if they qualify as certified seed sources, according to John Barber, U. S. Forest Service research forester, of Macon, who is chairman of the Crop Improvement Assn. Forestry Commodity Committee.
Certified tracts must also be surrounded by an isolation strip 400 feet wide. All trees which might pollinate the superior trees and pass on their defects must be removed from the strip.
The Forestry Commission management foresters, who have been approved as certification
inspectors by the GCIA board of directors can also advise landowners how to prepare their timber areas for certification. There 1s no charge for this. There is a small charge for the! actual certification inspection.
No certified seed will be produced in Georg1a until 1960 because it takes a pine cone two years to develop from the pollinated flower. Flowers which will be pollinated this winter will be mature cones in 1960. Cones maturing in 1959 will not qualify because they were open-polli-
nated last year. Quite a few foresters, seed growers and
interested citizens made the initial inspection, which was headed by Barber, Inglis, Gair Research Forester Don Cole of Savannah and Forestry Commission Management Chief W. H. McComb of Macon. County agents, seed salesmen, farmers and a party of Georgia Agricultural Extension Service foresters who have offices with Inglis in Athens, viewed the proceedings
with interest.

Inspectors make final check on certified tract

I

A 58-year woods management plan designed to raise

income and pine products output has been started at

Waycross State Forest by the Georgia Forestry Com-

mission.

Model Management

The Forest, most of which now consists of wild stands of timber, has been divided into 58 compartments of about 350 acres each. One compartment will be clear

cut each year. The following year it will be planted with

Plan Underway

600 seedlings per acre. In 15 years half these 600 trees will be removed for
sale as pulpwood. The remaining trees will again be

thinned for pulpwood in five more years, reducing the

number of trees to 150 per acre.

A thinning for sawtimber is scheduled when the stand

is 30 years old. The trees removed at this time will be

worked for naval stores for four years before the cutting. Naval stores practices will follow the recommendations of the U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Naval Stores Program.
After this series of intermediate cuttings, there will be about 70 trees per acre remaining. These will be cut at the age of 56 (two years were spent in clear cutting the original stand and planting the compartment). The 70 final trees should have a diameter at breast height of 18 or more inches and should yield over 20,000 board feet per acre which is more than double the yield of the present wild stands. The year after the final cut, the compartment will be replanted and the same cutting cycle repeated.
As the various compartments are put under the management plan for the first time, those which are still in a wild state will be inspected and necessary thinnings will be rn:ade.
The entire forest will be on a planned production basis in 58 years. Each compartment will have a card file listing the condition of the timber and the work to be done on it. The card file will be set up by date so that whoever is managing the Forest can go through the file and see what needs to be done each year. This

method of operation will greatly facilitate the management job whenever a new forest supervisor takes charge of the operation of the project.
According to Forest Supervisor H. W. Williams, Jr., of Waycross, this plan makes it easier to determine the correct time and place to apply the specific management practices. These timely applications of good cutting practices should keep the forest in an ideal growing condition, and thereby, increase its yield considerably. The forest will also be a demonstration to anyone who wishes to observe this method of forest management.
One compartment has already been clear cut, another marked for pulp thinning, a third marked for selective cupping for naval stores and a fourth has been prepared for planting.
The reason for the 58-year rotation or time between planting and clear cutting a compartment, Williams said, "is that this is the estimated period required to grow ideal, high quality sawtimber."
The length of the plan and the time of the various cuttings may vary from the present estimates, depending upon growth rate, market changes, damage from fire, insects or disease, and other factors. If it is decided the 58-year rotation should be reduced, the compartments will be consolidated into the same number of compartments as the new rotation age so that a compartment will still be ready each year for a sawtimber clearcut.

Tenth Sponsors
Yule Parade
In Washington
An early December snow--the deepest s ince 1940-brought joy to Wilkes County children and fire fighters, but complications to the 1958 Washington Christmas parade sponsored by the Wilkes County Forestry Unit and the Tenth District Office of the Georgia Forestry Commission.
Several days of rain and snow ended a dangerous

The old way Crime doesn't pay

fall-long drought which had transformed middle and north Georgia forests into fire traps. However, subfreezing temperatures accompanied the four-inch Wilkes County snow and rendered highways treacherous, float decoration work extremely uncomfortable and cut the number of entries in the parade.
However, there were still plenty of hardy colorful entrants remaining to brighten things: three forestryChristmas floats--two themes which blended easily, new automobiles, the Wilkes County High School Band, Miss Keep Lincoln County Green, put-niks (Washington-made midget autos), Smokey the Bear, Boy and Girl Scouts, a National Guard anti-aircraft gun and target plane from Elberton, a color guard and a new variation of the lOth District famous walking forest fire prevention exhibit.
Santa Claus came to town, too, riding on the gaily decorated lOth District float. This much-traveled conveyance was joined for the occasion by its sister from the Sixth District Office. Sixth District Forester Frank Eadie sent his float up in thanks for the times lOth Chief George Collier had lent his to the Milledgeville office.
Hundreds of youngsters and adults lined the Washington streets for the show. Young boys amused themselves while waiting by pelting each other with snowballs.
The gaily decorated signs and ornaments painted on the floats by the new lOth District fire patrol pilot, Hank Langley, who is also a professional painter and photographer , were other factors contributing to the parades success. His presence will give district information and education work a big boost, Collier predicted.
Tenth District office and Wilkes County forestry unit personnel spent many hours preparing the floats and their equipment for the parade, which was sponsored by the foresters to introduce Christmas in 1958 and to teac;h forestry to the youngsters of Wilkes County. The parade was approved by the City of Washington and the Washington Chamber of Commerce and was open to anyone who wished to enter.

Paperboard Mill Set For Augusta

One of the largest paperboard mills to be built in Georgia will be constructed by the Continental Can Co. near Augusta in 1959, according to former Georgian, Gen . Lucius D. Clay, chairman of the company.
The 45-million dollar mill is to be located on a 260acre site ll miles south of Augusta near the main line of the Central of Georgia Railroad.
The new plant is expected to produce some 350 tons of bleached sulphate pulpwood and paper and use 700 cords of pulpwood a day, General Clay said. Most of the mill' s output will be used by Continental. The remainder will be sold to other firms. A portion of the timber used in the mill's production will be supplied by Georgia and South Carolina landowners. The rest of the pulpwood needed will come from the company's own timberlands.
General Clay added that the paperboard mill will re-

quire the employment of approximately 400 persons. When operations begin in 1961 there will be a need for additional employees to manage Continental's woodlands
and procurement operations. The mill, in addition to its production facilities, will
also have its own power units, a 25,000- kilowatt power plant that could fill the electricity requirements of a community of 75,000 and a 25 - million-gallons per-day water treatment plant.
General Clay said that construction of the mill was based on the expectation that bleached sulphate pulpwood will continue to be the fastest growing segment of the paperboard industry for several years to come. Continental operates three Kraft mills and eight boxboard plants in the South.

Range r, Norm, agent check pines
Young Forester
Wins 4-H Honors
Forest man agement, which started as just another 4-H project for Norman Underwood, 17, of Calhoun, has made him a national winner in that field. The award was made during the recent National 4-H Club Congress in Chicago .
Underwood's claim to the national title was not an accident. The young forester started his forestry man--

agement program four years ago by planting 1, 000 loblolly pine seedlings. This and two other acres of tall pine timber, gave the Gordon County 4-H' er the start he needed to become a national winner. Underwood said proper management and reforestation have raised the value of his timber from $300 to $1,128 and increased his holdings from t wo to seven acres.
The national 4-H winner added that his management plan for the future calls for timber stand improvement: clearing hardwoo d un derstory, pre-commercial thinning and stand improvement cutting every five years; reforestation: replacing those trees cut; disease control: treating and cutting of trees that present a hazard to other
timber; and fire control: keeping fire breaks clear and fire fuel down to a minimum in th e stands. At present, the Gordon County 4-H' er has his eyes set on attending the University of Georgia School of Forestry.
Underwood has not limited his forestry project to planting and cutting trees. To win this national 4-H award, an up-to-date record book of all 4-H projects, some 83 impressive demonstrations on correct forestry practices, wise and conservative uses of forest land, and the importance of forestry to our pre sent day industry and economy, as well as secondary projects, such as dairy, home beautification, swine, soil conservation, safety and entomology played an important role.
The 4-H' ers were a l so graded on past achievements and leadership ability. Underwood is a Master Member and past president of the Red Bud 4-H Club, a past president of the Gordon County 4-H Council and a member of the Red Bud High School debating team. The young forester was tops in forestry management in Gordon County from 1955-58 and took first place in Sixth District leadership in 1957. He has participated in judging and showmanship activities as well as addressing civic and community clubs on forestry management and reforestation practices.
Miss Josie Knight, Red Bud 4-H Club leader, John R. Gunnels, county agent, Lewis Weaver, assistant county agent and J. C. MeDearis, Gordon County forest ranger, have been credited by Underwood for his success in forestry and other 4-H activities.

Future Of Wood '59 SPCA Theme
Whittle ponders, Malsberger reports

The role of wood in the future is ~e theme ~f ~he 1959 Southern Pulpwood Conservation Association meeting to be held January 14-15 in the Dinkier Plaza Hotel at Atlanta, according to SPCA General Manager

Henry Malsberger. Foresters, wood growers, and pulp and paper leaders
will discuss such topics as new uses for wood, how poputation increases will affect to~orrow' s market, industry's responsibility and opportunity for the future , the South's role in wood growing and how foresters can better communicate the industry's story to the public.
The first day's session, to be presided over by SPCA President L. A. Whit~le, will be highlighted by talks from Dr. Richard L. Henderson of Emory University, John C. Witherspoon, SPCA, and Frank Heyward, Gaylord

Container Corp.

.

.

.

SPCA Vice President K. A. Swe<1mng wul preside

over the closing day's activities, which will include

addresses by Whittle, H. R. Johnson, U. S. Forest Ser

vice, Dr. L. R. Thiesmeyer, Pulp and Paper Research Council of Canada, J. W. Warner, Gulf S~ate Paper Corp.,

and William P. Rock, Arkansas Industnal and Develop

ment Commission. Other business will include the annual report by
Malsberger, the election of _ o_fficers. ~nd repo~s on
forestry progress from Association officials and wdus-

trial leaders.

.

Malsberger added that by participating in this program

we will find out if we are adequately prepared to m~et

the future needs of wood in a space age of skyrockeung

population which demands lllO!e .new and complex uses

of wood products.

FPRS Reviews WoodResidue Board Research

A review of glued wood products and flake and particle board research highlighted the recent Florida-Georgia Alabama Section of the Forest Products Research Society semi-annual meeting at Mobile, Ala.
R. R. Cahal, of the Southern Pine. Inspection Bureau, New Orleans, La., stated that tenative specifications for particle board use are being developed to make it acceptable under FHA specifications for such building purposes as sheathing and underlayment for flooring and
roofing. Panel members discussed the feasibility of. using
laminated 2 x 4' s rather than the solid 2 x 4 to eliminate much of the warping in solid boards, reduce the price of the product-, yet increase its quality. The laminated 2 x 4 is made by gluing together two 1 x 4' s. The advantage is that knots and pitch streaks, which would run all the way through a solid 2 x 4, would not do so in a laminated 2 x 4 composed of two separate pieces of lumber.
L. E. Clark, Jr., of the Perkins Glue Co. Landsdale, Pa., stated that such problems sa starved glue lines, unevenly spread glue, rough surface and keeping the moisture content between seven and ten percent, face the manufacturers 0f laminated wood products. Clark added that these problems would have to be solved
through proper management.

However, Joe C. Denman, Jr., of the Southern Pine Lumber Co., Diboll, Texas, stated that the FHA was concerned over the use of water resistant urea resin rather than water proof phenolic resin in the laminated 2 x 4. Denman added that tests show that wall temperatures do not exceed 101 degrees during any period of the day in the hottest climate. The breaking point of urea resin is llO degrees provided that temperature is stable over a long period of sustained time. Therefore many technologists feel that urea resin will do a better job at half the expense of phenolic resin.
The section voted to change its name from FloridaGeorgia-Alabama Section to the Southeastern Section.
Officers elected were William Belvin, director, Herty Laboratory, Savannah, chairman, succeeding Rufus H. Page of the Georgia Forestry Commission and the U. S. Forest Service, who was named a trustee. R. B. Westgate, Plant Manager, Georgia Pacific Plywood Corp., Savannah, was selected vice chairman, Ralph Peter, USFS Athens, secretary-treasurer, and Dean A. W. Herrick of the University of Georgia School of Gorestry, Athens, trustee.
Section Chairman Page presided over the flake and particle board session and Dr. D. B. Richards of the Alabama Polytechnic Institute Forestry Department pres~ded over the glued wood products from solid wood session.

Logging the foresters .

TREE FARMER AWARDS.. . . The first .annual Master Tree Farmer awards will be presented at the Georgia Forestry Association's membership meeting at Atlanta in May, according to Association president William 0. Oettmeier. Oettmeier stated that there will be four a-
wards each from the Appalachian, Piedmont and Coastal Plain forest areas of the state, The areas will be divided into four size classifications, ranging from three to over 5,000 acres. Certified tree farmers will be judged on woodland production activities, long range forest management plans and interest in their woodland projects. Oettmeier added that the purpose of the program is to encourage good forest management on privately owned woodlands. The Georgia Forest Industries Committee, Tree Farm sponsor, will aid in the selection.

-- ..._ -
SOMETHING NEW A DDBD .... It's the same old lOth District Office at Washington, but the ne w lawn look was prov ided by the deepest snowfall in the area since 1940, according to the old time rs.

FARM EDITOR HONORED....Miss Susan Myrick, Farm Editor, Macon Telegraph, was presented a certified "Tree Farmer Award" by the Professional Agricultural Workers and the Macon Farmer's Club at a joint meeting of the two clubs earlier this month. The award was presented in appreciation of the eltcellent news coverage given forestry and other agricultural events in this area. Alpha A. Fowler, Jr., president of the Georgia Poultry Federation, was the principal speaker.

WOODS AND MILLS TOURS SET.... School teachers and students are now able to see the inside of forestry as well as the outside due to a guided tour plan of the Georgia Forest Industries Committee. Robert H. Rush, Hawkinsville, education chairman of the committee, states that a new booklet, "Georgia Tree Farm and Plant Tours," list guided tours of plants and woods in 50 counties. The person to be contacted in arranging for a tour, is listed in the booklet. The aim of the project is to show teachers and students what is going on in the woods and mills that produce more than 5,000 forest products, Rush said.

BRIGHT CHRISTMAS.... was made possible at Monroe County Hospital by spare time project of Morgan -Walton Forestr y Unit. Foresters constructed window decorations, financ ed by American Legion Post 64 of Monroe, from birch logs, cedar branches, holly leaves and berries and candles. Ranger Harold Jones presents one to Supervisor of Nurses Dot Poster.

FOREST PILOT....Kirk Sutlive of Union Bag-Camp Paper Corp., Savannah, has been named Georgia chairman of the Pilot Forest project--a southwide forest development program of the Southern Pulpwood Conservation Association. Sutlive will work with the state's pulp and paper industry leaders in selecting the counties to receive Pilot Forests and in carrying out the program. An organizational meeting to plan the program in Georgia was held in Savannah.

ONE IN A BILLION ....Secretary of Agriculture Benson has turned over to the U. S. Treasury the billionth dollar from the sale or lease of national forest resources. The billion dollars represents the gross income from the national forest system since its establishment in 1905. Secretary Benson said receipts have increased over the past three years because the Forest Service is improving and managing these lands for a continuous yield of resources. The billionth dollar was in a check for over four and a half million dollars from the Forest Service's Regional Headquarters at Portland, Oregon.

LAB GETS TUNN B L .... The Southern Forest Fire Laboratory at the Forestr y Center at Macon passed an important construction milestone this month as t wr cranes s wung the big
wind tunnel, which will be used in forest fire research, into place.

Entered as second class matter at the Post Office, Macon, Georgia
A Can't Miss Proposition
You won't miss, either, if you switch to forestry. Swiss patriot William Tell didn't miss back in 1308 when he shot the apple off his son's head at the orders of the hated Austrian tyrant. Then he shot the tyrant. You won't have to go to that extreme, but you may shout your head off with joy when your forests begin to produce profits. Throw off the tyranny of poor forestry practices. Wise management and reforestation will mean financial freedom for you.