Georgia forestry, Vol. 11, no. 1 (Jan. 1958)

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FORESTRY

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Wood Utilization Issue

C ruising the News

Controlle d Burning Is
Protector of Woodlands
(from th e ATLA NT A C ONST IT UT I ON )
Public opinion swings to s upport of protec tion for the fores t s as the public become s a ware of wha t wood a n d wood prod uct s me a n t o a commun ity .
The reflection is see n in the rec ommenda ti ons by gra nd juries in Dodge and Bac on counties that the la w be ma d e effective c onc e ring n contro lled b urni ng s. Low ndes C ounty a lrea dy ha s adopte d t he meas ure .
The la w is a loc a l option propos ition. It require s tha t a nyone inte nd ing to burn off l a nd firs t noti fy the county fores t ra ngers . The la w goe s i nt o effect in a county whe n it is recommended by t wo grand juries. T h e ran g e rs say a lth o ug h the ruli ng will w ork t hem harder , it will bring a red uction in acreage burned a nd in the long run re s ult in lower cos t protec tion. He who has e xperie nc e in woods burning knows how wh a t l ooks like a s i mple little burn-off c a n g e t out o f control a nd becom e a for es t fi re . Alertin g the ra nger s i s a s en_s ible pr e c a ution. Ma kin g it the l aw wo uld encoruag e mor e folk s to t a ke th a t s ens ible, s imple precaution.
A Boon to Re forestation
(F rom th e AT L ANTA ) Olf l{NA L)
HIGHLY IMPORT ANT t o Georg i a's vas t tim ber indus try is a bra nd new prepara t ion which c a n be a pp lied t o long leaf pi ne seeds be fore sowing , a nd protect the m fr om b irds a n d r odents.
In e va luati on of the re pe ll e nt , which is c o mposed of te tr a me th y l thi uram disu l phi de, t he U.S . Depa rtm e nt o f Agric ulture says i t makes direct seeding of trees prac tica l a nd inexpensive.
The new repellent has many feat ures appea ling t o Georgia l andowners. It is not ha r mful t o b irds and a ni -
mals, and it does not retard germina tion. Direct sowing cU tree seeds is s till th e c h eapes t way
to plant, but most foresters advocate setting out seedlings because it is simpler proced ure a nd more pr edictable.
Under certain conditions, however , the sowing of seeds is t he best method. Longlea f pine seed should be planted between late October a nd early December, as soon as soil moisture will make t he seed ge rmi na t e quickly.
Georgia has 24,000,000 acres of forests - mostl y pine. Na t urally, the owners of this la nd wi ll be treme ndous ly interested in the new repe lle nt . A ma jor re fore s tatio n problem has bee n so lved in f indi ng a way to keep bir<is and anima ls from devouri ng seed .

Vol. II

GEORGIA FORESTRY
January, I 958
Published Mont hly by the GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION
Box 1183 Macon, Georgia Guy ton DeL oach , Dire ctor

No. I

Members, Board of Commissioners:

C. M..Jor da n, Jr. , Chairm a n Sam H . Morgan _ Oscar S. Ga r r ison _
H . 0 . Cummings J ohn M. McElra t h ,

_Ala1n o _ Savannah _______ ___ ___ __ - ~- - ---- Homer __D o n a l s o n v i l l e
_Macon

Georg ia F or estry is entered as second class matter a t the P ost Office under the Act of August 24, 1912. Member of the Georgia Press Association.

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EDITOR _--

_ Frank Craven

STAFF ARTIST

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_ Dan Voss

ASSOCIATE EDITORS _

.Bill K ellam,J o hn C urr ie,

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Rip F o nt a i ne

DISTRICT OFFICES,

GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMIS SION :

DI STRI CT 1- Rou t e 2,

DISTRICT VI- P . 0. Box 505,

Statesboro DI STRICT 11-P. 0 . Box 261
Camilla DISTRI OT III- P. 0. Box 169,

Milledgeville

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DI STRICT VII- Route 1,

Rome

DI STRICT VIII- P. 0 . Box

A mericus

11 60, Waycross

DI STRI CT I V- P . 0 . Box 333, DI STRI CT IX- P. 0. Box 416,

Newnan

Gainesville

D ISTRI CT V- P. 0. Box 328 , DI STRI CT X- Route 3,

McRae

W ashing t on

Forest Fires Costly
(Fr om t he NEWNAN THI ES -II E RALD)
The re c e nt prolong ed r a in y wea the r in mos t parts of th e na ti on has c urta iled for a wh ile a t le as t the da nger o f fores t fires . However , millions of do llars wort h of timber a re lost e very year through forest fires.
~' b il e we rea li ze it is i mp ossib le to pr eve nt a ll forest fi res, eve r y e ff ort s ho uld be made by landow ner s to save th e ir property. Ofte n desp ite this ac tivity, careless persons w ill t houg htless ly s tart a fir e .
It '\vi !! be reme mb e red th at t he d ry wea t he r of the pas t few month s, particularly a long the Pac ific Coast . has res ult ed in forest fir es in which milli ons an d mill io ns of ac res of va luab le ti mber have gone up in smoke. T his is doub ly unfortuna te in vie w of the grea t dema nd for ti mbe r a nd timbe r prod uc ts .
The burning-over of fores t bnds a nd the accidenta l settin g of timbe r fir es represe nt a loss t o t he na t ional economy, as we ll as t o the indi vid ua l ow ne r. Let' s all adopt th e tim e ly s logan , " Keep O ur Fores t Green!"

'' I think that I shall never see

A poem lovely

well-used tree...'

Poe ts see many things when they sing about a. tree , but wood technologists see even more - pos ts , pilings, lumber, chemic als, paper , modi fied woods, naval s tores and a host of other products .
For centuries man's unimaginative use of the tre e slig hted Mother a ture' s ge nerosit y . Man ig nored the ma ss of tre as ures contained in the noble pl a nt a nd used only its obvious products .
Bu t in thi s century of scie nce , resea rch foresters bega n to use the tree rPo re full y . To promote more efficient utiliza tion of wood in Georg ia , the Georgia Forestry
omrn ission a nd the U. S. Forest Service started the Georgia Forest Utili zation Service in 1955.
A forest products technologist was employed to conduct app lied re search on problems of the wood -using

industry a nd t o help persons solve these prob)ems in the field. The Forest Utilization Service dis sem ina tes information o n th e latest trends in wood rese a rch and de velopment, including chemical utili zation and wood processing. A monthly news release helps do this .
The Service trie s to bring a bout a better unders ta nding be t wee n ti rPbe r gro we rs a nd the wood-using ind us trie s . It a lso gives da ta to persons interested in locating wood -u s ing indus trie s in Georgi a .
Efficient wood utilization practices during manufacturing, processing, a nd fabric a ting will insure a profit ab le future for the prod ucts of Georgia's number one natura l resource.
In this issue we wi ll tell wha t Georgians are doing to further the efficient use of wood.

Lumbermen Battle Seasoning Losses

(,aby , \\'ynens, ll.:~nkin~on t.tke moi s tur e co nt e nt r e .:~din g

Lumberyards arrear to be quiet, rrosaic rhces , but

actua ll y a fierc e battle, with ITilli ons of Geor g ia do;Ja r s

at s take, is being '\\aged within their quiet confines.

Countless do ll a r s :ue los t annually in Georgi~1 sea-

soning ya rds t o the .ltt .lcks o f blue s tain, wa rr a nd s ur-

bee and e nd checks.

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But the .1ggresso r is no longer r.lV agi ng th e rich lum-

be r decks unopposed. "C e ner a l " H.ufus P.1ge, the for-

est ]r<hlucts tech nologis t of th e Georgi;1 Forestry Com-

n.ission .1nd the U. S. Fores t Service, has t ake n to the

field :1g.1ir.-.;t th e invade r s.

Already he has chalked ur a s ubst a nt ia l victory which ca n rrea n sa vings of thous a nds of dollars annually. Page :1nd Prof. Roy Carter of :--.J. C. State College rece ntl y publi shed "lieavy Los ses in Air Sea s oning Georgia Pine and !low to Red uce them." which outlin es the sav ings methods.
Page and his fellow fore sters are not resting uron their laurel s. The y are already embarked uron a rat e -of-drying s tudy, that \\"ill de termine the lumber s t acki ng methods which will dry the wood the fa s te s t and the mos t uniformly \',i th the lea s t degrade.
The alf se asoning s tu dy, conducted 111 20 ya rd s

!l ow n ot t o stac k lumber
thr oughout th e s tate, rev e::ded th a t Georgia lumb e rmen a re losing from seaso nin g degrade :-tn average of $10 .21 per thousa nd fe e t. Losses ra nge from $5.2 1 per thousand feet for package pi led lumber to $26.2 I per thous;;t nd for flat piled lum ber .
.31ue s tain , a fun g us that a ttacks fr es hl y cue wood, cau s ed the n'os t los s . B lue sta in can be controlled by :1pplying an :wti-st.lin so lution not more th a n 24 hours a ft er saw ing .
Improper s tacking caused much of th e warp. To prevent this, piles should be stacked un.ifonr.Jy with the weight distribut ed on all the boards.
End a nd surfa ce checks can be controlled by roofing th e piles '1nd rhein.; s ticker s a t the ends or not more than two inches from th e ends of th e boards.
The r eport, which can be obtained from the Fore s try Comm iss ion headquarters at .\lacon, further s tated that the incorr.e derived from so under seasoning practices '>:auld Jo much to offse t rece nt incre ases in labor and s tumpage costs.

I~lu e s cai n rava ge~ fre s hl y c ue lum ber

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ike ~larilyn , thi s lumheryard i ... we ll -st.Jc!...ed

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~dc(__omb, Pag e, Sawmi l le r ll i ll check Georgia- maJe Jebarke r

Chippers
~ bn y Georgi:: sa<:". n i ll e rs a r e in the c Li ps t od:1y th a n ks to t he h umb le ,.. ood c Lip " h i c h tl .ey once di s c:J rded as v"' lu e less \ : :ls t e.
Deir r ki n ~ ' lO l l c l. ipr i ng na chine s, whic h c onve rt s la bs, edges a nd c uto ff s into pulp chips, now e n a ble many saw mill ow ner s to ope ra t e a t a profit.
F orest product s te chnologi s ts estimate tha t th e c onvers ion of debarked res idue into c hip s e nab les th e sawmille r to u se s ome 20 per c ent mo re of th e sa w log t ha n be fore. Onl y th e b a ~k a nd sawd u s t a re now d iscarded.
Hardwood c hips ma nufac t ured from coar se wood res id ues ar e used to rr.a ke pa rti e le board. T hi s mat e ria l has bee n used for some tim e as coa r se s t ock .in mak in g ve n ee r. It i s be .ing u sed .in inc rea s in g amo unt s for tab le t ops, uuder b yme nt and s imil ar pr od uct s . At pre se nt t he re a re n o pa rt i cl e board mi ll s in Geo rg ra .

Chips emerge from screen, a rc loaJ cd int o truck for haul to mill

ut Mills In The Chi
The bark is removed because it cannot be used in the ma nufadure of wood pulp. Aft e r the log has b een sawed int o lumber, the coarse waste is conveyed into a wood chipper. The chips are then screened a nd blown into a s pecia lly cons truc ted truck or rail c ar for shipment to th e pulp mill. Georgi a mills use pine chips pri marily.
The chipper, debarke r, chip screen and conveyors, depe nding upon their s ize, can be insta lled for $25,000 to $ 100,000 more. However, this investment can often be rega in ed in a compara tively short time from res ulting profit s . The owner of a small South Georg ia saw mill report ed th a t he cle ared $2,000 in the first mo nt h of opera tion of a new chipper and debarker.
Re search is underway to utilize the bark and sawdust profita bly. A saw wh ich cuts chips in stead of sawd us t is being tested. Very limited commercial uses have been found t bus far for the large quantities of bark which are acc umulat ing in th e saw mills. New uses are being s tea d ily so ugh t , h owever.
fhis JaJ 's Ill th e c hip s
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S lab s f.trmer once [OOJ.. h o m e arc now conve rt eJ to ch ip !>

Lumber Treatment Puts Muscles In, Keeps Bugs Out
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Treatrr.ent of foundation tlrrbers in houses can save
the homeowner many times the cost of the preservative in repairs and worry.
Wood preservation was formerly tH ought of principa ll y tn terms of treating timber ,.hich carre into direct contact with the ground , such as fence posts, telephone and telegraph poles and pilings. But house repair bills have proved the necessity for further treatment.
Americans who failed to apply preservatives to th e s ub s tructur e of their houses are suffe ring annual losses of $300 million to decay and $:50-200 million to insects the Forest Products Laboratory of t-.ladison, \\i s ., estimates. ~luch of this loss is in the South.
It is false economy when huildi ng a home to save t~e few dollar'> tklt treatment costs. Only a few years later, repair hills may return to haunt you. llouses can h.1v<: theu sills, floor joists, hridging and sub-flooring treated for .1 small fraction of the bui ldi ng cost. Pressure tre,Jtment \\ Ith an approved chemical el1min,1tes the necessit; of purchasing termite shields . This cuts the net cost of the preserva tive furthe r.
A repair and soil poisoning cost of a large number of houses reve .led tlut such losses dep leted the owner's pocketbook an aver.1 ge of ~165. Some house~ had to be repaired when they ''ere onlv six years old.

Pressure tre.Hment keeps bugs out of lumbe r

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Peek In Wood Ball Shows Wondrous Forest Products

Pape r face g iv es low-g ra J e lumb er s kin yo u lov e t o touch
Wood ut ili z:u ion has sca rc e ly scrat c h ed the s ur f:J.ce of th e tr e as ure s lodged w it hin th e tr ee trun k. C oun tl e s.new produc ts rem a in to be deve loped as well a s new uses for e xis ting wood produc t s .
Co ns ider a b le f.'rog ress h as bee n ach i ev e d i n resea rch on th e c herr.ic a l re a c t ion of th e ce llul ose co mpo n e nt s o f woo d with wa ter in the pre se nce of a ca tal ys t. F urfural, a major ind us tr i a l ch e mi ca l used in ny lo n , i s made from one of the s ug ars derived from wood by th e ab ove cess .
Improved mean s of s tabi li z ing wood - preve nting it s s hrinkage and s welling - are being deve loped . The upgrad ing of low grade lumber by ove rl ay ing it wi th wea therproof pape r is another proce ss which is find ing a ccept a nce.
La min a t ed prod uc t s a n d th e ma nufac turin g of pa rticl e board fr orr y; ood ch ip s a re ot he r e ndeavor s o f rece nt y ear s. Short pieces of lurrbe r a re fin d in g us a g e in parque t fl oorin g.
P redry ing lumber , which may season it Lis ter than a ir-dryi ng a nd with le ss de grade, may p rod uce be tt e r lu mbe r t ha n e v e r. C on s t a nt irr_pr overr e nt s a r e be ing made in pa per produc tion.
Ba rk i s be ing tes t ed a s a fe rt i l i z er fill e r ,w d as a con s t i t ue nt of rr: ud us e d in dri ll ing o il we ll s . A s aw whic h cut s wood ch ips in s t e ad of saw dus t is being s tud ie d for us e in sa w mi ll ing.
The s e are onl y a few of the accomplis h ment s in wood ut ili zati on. T he future promi ses be t t er wood produc ts tha n e ve r.

r' ' l: x p e rim e nt a l b e uJ ri g cu t s c hi ps in ... teuJ o f J u st

Too Thick

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Lumber Cuts

$$ Too Thin

Mis-manubctured lumber is exact-

i ng a heavy t o ll a n nually from t he

rockets of Georgia saw mill oper-

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ators. Lumber cut too thick or too

thin from sa\; logs is wasting thou-

sands of fee t of saw timber.

To combat this needless drain on

the state's tin.ber resources, fores t

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u ti liz;J.t i o n sreci~llis t s reriodically

conduct srr.al l saw n'i ll schools

throu8hout the state.

Through educa tion the rrofes-

siona l fo r es t ers hare .1lso to intro-

duce tJ,e rrorer rLlCtices of marking ;1. nd s.1wing for gr~1de. Good equ ir-

rr.ent, rrorerl y i ns ta lled and :ld-

justed, is necessary if th e sawyer

is to get the rr.ost vo lu me :111d grade from the log.

Sur veys i n other s ta tes have a l-

ready revealed how much l urr-ber i s

being rr. is cu t. A s i rr.i la r s ur vey,

with corr ective r eco n'me n da ti o n s,

rr.ay rossibly be n.ade by t he F or es t

Utilization Service in Georg ia.

Herric k , Harri s, Pag e c heck lumb e r thickness

Charcoal Cures Steak Lovers', Hardwood Problems

!. trco al te">t a t \\' hi te h .dl

C harcoal is not only the answer to the backyard steak -mauler' s needs, but it may someday be a rartial answer to Georg ia's number one forestry rroblem - the rrofitable use of low-grade hardwoods.
Low-grade hardwoods are overrunning rarts of the sLlte. F orest re s earchers are constantly seeking econo mic a l me an s of disrosing of them. Producing charcoal from hardwood ma y be 8. rartial s olution.
Ge org ia's charcoo.l indus try is still in its inbncy. Th e r e a r e le s s than ten charcoal rruducers in the state, with th e larg est a ten-kiln orer:-Ition at \l:'illi:-Imsburg . G eorg ia h:1s no briquetteing rlant , so ~111 briquette s anJ s om e o f the lump charcoal has to be imrorted.
Alth o ug h <l ten-cord kiln can be con s tructed from concrete or c inder blocks for as little a s one thous:1nd dollars , inves tor s should not Venture into Ch:-IrCo:-Il rroducti on without a thoroug h market s urvey. Cho.rcoal rroduction i s ;1 se a s on:-I! oreration which re quire s high s:1les vo lume if It is to be rrofitable.
C h :-I rc o al C<ln b e rroduced from soft woods a s well .1S hard woods, tho ug h denser woods rroduce the greater y i e ld. R es earc h in c h:-IrCo:-Il rrod uction i s bein g cond ucted in an exre rime nta l kiln at \\'hiteh:11l Forest near Athen s by the Athen s -.\bcon rese arch center. Forest Products T ec hn o log is t Ralph Peter directs the orer.Hion.

RANGER RO UNDU P
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~ 1 a c on landmark di s mantl e d. .. Dow n g oe s the cab of th e fir e tower on whi c h th e ~la c on lle adqu a rt e r s r adio a nt e nna forme rl y s t ood. fhi s o ld affair ha s bee n re pla ced by the ne w 1 00-f oot ant e nn a. The fir e t ow e r wi ll g o ba c k to dut y so me wher e in th e stat e.
PI N E S MO U RN G IRL' S D E P A R TU R E ... Th e U. S . F o r es t Se rvi ce ' s E li z a be th Maso n i s leavi ng Geo rg i a t o become n a tion a l di r ec t or of wome n ' s ac ti vit ie s in Was hin gto n. F or a ppr ox i ma t e ly 2 "i ye a r s s he ha s devo t e d h e r self to ' 'M a ki ng Georgia Gr e e n ." Mi ss Ma s o n h as ad vi sed t h ousands of Georg ia wome n and their s is te rs in ten other s outh e rn s t ate s ra is ing pine s . She began he r fores try caree r in I 036 when th e G eorg ia F ede rati o n of \\ 'omen's C lubs a nd the garde n c lubs of the s tat e wa nt ed conserva tion pro ject s .

F L O RID A SUPPLY TO J\1EET DEMAN D ... Our s i s ter sene's s e edling nurseries can s upply the demand for p in es th is yea r , acco rd ing to State Fores te r C. II. Cou lte r. Accord ing t o press report s, F lori da wi ll produce ab out 32 rr.illi o n le ss seed li ngs this s eason . The se s hould be s uffi c ie nt for d e mand is expected to be less . P r od uctio n in I 956 was I SO mi lli o n.
FROM AP IUL TO D ECEMBER ... "Smokey" we n t into a c t ion in C ol q uitt Co unt y last month fo r th e fir s t time s ince April. T he county's fir s t fore s t fire in e ig ht month s burned approximate ly three acres of young pine ti mbe r n e a r Ne w E lm . T h e a rea was a lm os t a t o t a l lo ss . Ranger Albert Sanders said th e fir e was s ta rted in th e middl e of the woo d s , pre s um a bl y b y hunt e r s .
FORESTRY LE ADE R RETIR ES . . . W. R. Hin e, A ssis t a nt Reg ion a l F orester in c h a rge of Inform a ti on a nd Educa t ion ba s re tir e d fr om the U. S. Fores t Servic e a ft e r ove r 31 y ears s ervice .
A gra duat e of C ornell, lli ne di d res e arc h for th e USFS a nd th e n beca me s ta t e fo re s te r of L oui s i a n a . H e spe nt tw o y ear s as n <1tion a l e x e cu t ive sec r e t a r y o f th e Socie t y o f Ame ri c a n F or es t e r s . In 193-1 h e re turn ed t o th e US F S . H e h as b ee n in c ha rg e o f I&E for the pas t 10 year s.

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P a r ad e e nt r ... Th e Co n so l ida ted TPO I Init was we ll re pr e se nt e d n the Fargo Christmas parade. !{anger T r oy S pe ll s and I ig h t h lJ i -;trict Office per s onne l pr epa red t he float .
\\'ORKl\IA ~'S COJ\1 PENSATION-FIRE ... Some d.1ys you
ju s t c a n ' t win for lo si ng, J. L. NeSrr.ith of Cochran
re ce ntly discovPred. NeSmith sent a man out to do s om e wor k with hi s tractor. The Job wa s comple t eJ , so th e d r iver sLut ed back to tl1e hou se. The tr-actor back~ir ed, c1ught fir e itself and se t the woods abla ze . The Dleckley County Forestry Unit quickly a rrived on the scene and saved son e 200 ac re s from being des troyed. Howev e r. th e tr.1 c t or :1nd some eig ht acres of fore s t b nd were burned.

H.t nge rs brin g Y ule c heer... Tenth lli s t rict !{ange r s co nstr ucte d hund red.'> of i,o s p it al \v inJow decorations s i mi lar to the above o ne bei ng lig ht ed hy At hens Leneral llo spita l Admi n ist r.lt o r \V. 1!. T hrasher. Looking on are Assist. IJis t r ict I; orester Bill Schu ltz and Clark e ! ~a n ger Verla -" nith, who ra 1moc!Je d the ide.l.
PINE SEE DLI NG PH.OJ E C:T H.EALIZED ... A project to renew trees in Augusta, especiall y in the s uburbs, was capped la s t month with the d is tri bution of ten pine seedlings to eac h prope rty owner who wanted them. The proJeCt was s t a rted 12 yea r s ago when Loui sa K. Smi th ,
an edi torial writer for the Augu s ta llerald, impressed on the M.1t so n Soil C on se rv a ti oni s t for Ri chrr.o nd Countv that t ree s, li ke people, g row old and pass out of th~ picture. Thi s pro jec t ha s been spo nsored by the Agricultur e Co n'm i t te e of th e Augusta L io n s C:lub, in co -operation with Ceorgia Power Co.
SPCA A~~UAL 1\ll~ ETI~c; ... The Southern Pulp Wood Conservation t\ ss n. annua l meeting \\as held in :\tlant.J Jan . I4-1 6 at the [; inkier PL1z~1 Ilot el. Economic in:portance of the pulp and paper industry in the South w.ts discussed by th e keynote speaker, J ona than lbniels, ed itor o f t!t e 1\aliegh, N. C .. :--Jews .111d Obs<:rvcr. Other top ics d isc ussed included forest l.wd ownt:rship, h.udwood encroachlT'ent on pine lands , and tree pLmting. !\. C. Barienbrock, o f the J\fe .1d Corpo rati on, C:hillicotltc, Ohio, presid e 11t of t he ~lssoci<Hion, presided over the meeting.

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JANUARY, 1958

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Utilization Works Magic
TURNS WASTE INTO MONEY

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r.nterecl as seconO Class mattn at
the Post Office , Macon , Georgia.

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