Georgia forestry, Vol. 10, no. 3 (Mar. 1957)

Science Finds Use "No Burn Ban"

For Pine Bark
(Fran the Carnesville Herald)
The pine is a source of many blessings. As a producer of wealth and useful goods it has traveled a long and profitable road since the days it was considered good fer lumber and gum only.

(Fran the Valdosta Daily Times)
The seriousness of the forest fire situation in the First and Eighth congressional districts in Georgia .is evidenced by the invoking of the "No Bum Ban" by Guyton DeLoach, director of the Georgia Forestry Commission. This order prohibits controlled burning of lands and the setting of outdoor fires in woods, forests, marshes cr other lands in the two districts.

Today paper is a product of pine and so is cellulose. The list of things that science has discovered can be made from.. Gecrgia's favorite tree is staggering.
Concerning the pine, science still is inquiring. The Herty Foundation Laboratory in Savannah, pioneers in this field, now is working on pine bark, one of the tree's few remaining waste products.
Recendy, the laboratory announced that the bark made fine fertili zer. Pulverized and saturated with chemical nutrients, it acts as a combination plant, food and mulch. In addition to feeding plants, the product cooserves moisture, keeps down weeds, and generally seems to cut the gardener's labor in half.
Field experiments have been encouraging. So far this new pine product is for home gardeners only, but the next step is to try it on truck crops and tobacco.
There seems to be no end to by1'roducts of the pine, and a fine thing that is for Georgia and the South.

Specifically, the order mentioned fires for woodland burning and open fires for cooking or refuse burning. It declared "no back fires shall be set in any case, except under the direct supervision cr with permission of a state or federal forestry officer." There is a provision, however, for emergency burning.
Investigations have indicated that some of the fires which have caused widesJread damage in South Georgia may have been of incendiary origin. Officers, both state and federal , are making a careful study of the many fires that have broken out and, if the necessary evidence can be uncovered, prosecution of any and all guilty persons will be pushed to the limit.
Most of the fires in recent weeks in this part of the state have been controlled, but some have caused considerable damage to valuable timber lands.
Severe drought conditions are contributing heavily to the threat of a major fire disaster in South Georgia. Heavy frost s that have killed vegetation and high winds also are factors that cmtribute to the seriousness of the situation.

Invocation of the "No Burn Ban" is evidence of the fact
.---------GEO-RG-IA-FOR_E_S_T_R_Y________..,. that forestry officials are fully aware of

Vol. 10

March, 1957

No. 3

the danger and there is no doubt that an emergency exists.

Published Monthly by the GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION,
Box 1183 Macon, Georgia Guyton DeLoach, Director

State and federal forestry officials are asking the full co-operation of all landowners and the pililic generally in taking every possible precaution of forest fires.

Members, Board of Commissioners:
JSoahmn MH.. MMcoErglraanth__,___C__h__a__i_rSmaavnan--n--a--h-----------C---.-M---.--J--o--r-d--a-n--,-J--r-.-_-_--_-_-_-_--_-_-_-_-_-_-_-MAlaacmono Oscar S. Garrison____________Homer H. 0. Cummings_______Donalsonville

Georgia Forestry is entered as second class matter at the Post Office under the Act of August 24, 1912. Member of the Georgia

Press Association.



EDITOR ---------------------------------------------------------- Frank Craven ASSOCIATE EDITORS._________Bill Kellam, Joe Kovach, Jeanette Jackson

STAFF ARTIST--------------------------------------------------------------------Dan Voss DISTRICT OFFICES, GEORGIA FORESTRY COMMISSION:

DISTRICT I-Route 2,

DISTRICT VI-P. 0. Box 505,

Statesboro

Milledgeville

DISTRICT 11-P. 0. Box 26,

DISTRICT VII-Route 1,

Camilla

Rome

DISTRICT 111-P. 0. Box 169, Americus

DISTRICT VIII-P. 0 . Box 1160, Waycross

DISTRICT IV-P. 0. Box 333,

DISTRICT IX-P. 0. Box 416,

Newnan

Gainesville

DISTRICT V-P. 0. Box 328, McRae

DISTRICT X-Route 3, Washington

While some forest fires are caused by factors other than human carelessness, a large percentage of them are the result of human neglect and failure to exercise reasooable precaurions.
Our Cover
We are now in the midst of fire season , and as the cover depicts, the fires rage on. However, with the Georgia Forestry Commission firefighters and their fire suppression units, many valuable acres of forestland are saved.
This month's issue is devoted to fire prevention. Through the efforts of the Cooperative Forest Fire Prevention cam paign, the Commission firefighters and fire conscious citizens, Georgia will become a safer and better state in which to live.

.
2

Formal Opening

GFC Dedication Slated For Spring

Many government and business leaders are expected to be on hand this spring when the new Georgia Forestry Commission headquarters building is dedicated formally, Director Guyton DeLoach said.
Although some 75 commission personnel have occupied the building since October, the official ceremony has been delayed while workmen completed landscaping and paving of parking lots. .Actual construction activities only recently were completed when the finishing touches were applied to the interior.
Program Planned
DeLoach said the "open house" program will include dedication speeches, guided tours of the building and refreshments. Several well-known local and state personalities will participlte, he said.
.According to the director, the speechmaking will take place in front of the building and commission personnel will conduct the tours. Various phases of forestry activities will be explained and demonstrated and equiJ:XDent will be displayed.
Building SIJotli.gbted
The building itself will be the central figure in the fest ivities. Covering mere than 21,000 square feet, its offices are paneled in specimens of Georgia's leading commercial woods. Each room is paneled in a different species and is outfitted with new office furniture.
Constructed of lxick and steel, the headquarters is completely air conditioned and centrally heated. Its facilities include working splce for all main office departments, allowing forest management, information and education, reforestation and administration activities to be conducted at one central location. Previously, commission q>erations were divided between Atlanta and Macon.
!'ew Bladqtarters
The new headquarters is located at IZy Branch, six miles south of Macon on Riggins Mill Road. DeLoach extended an invitation to all Georgians to attend the ceremony and look over their foresuy .commission facilities.
Oose contact still is maintained with the capiro! through an Atlanta Jxanch office in the new Agriculture Building. Staffed with e:zperieDCed personnel, it provides a headquarters for executive meetings during legislative sessions and speeds q> purchasing activities. Radio contact also .is strengthened through the Atlanta office which provides an .ideal relay point fur messages going north.
Constructioo of the $200,000 new center was approved by executive order when it was determined that the old facilities were inadequate for the Commission.

FORESTRY PROGR ESS-Discussing the SAF meeting theme a re (L to R), R.E. McArdle, Wa s hington, D.C ., G. N. Bishop, Athens , DeWitt Nel son, Sacramento, Cal if. and J im Spiers, Statesboro.
300 Foresters Convene For Annual SAF Meeting
Forestry leaders from throughout the nation at the recent Southeastern Section meeting of the Society of American Foresters said hard work would blaze a trail to prosperity through Southern forests.
Predicting future greatness through tresent endeavor and chatting the past, preseftt and future of forestry in the nation were R.E. McArdle of Washington, D.C chief of the U.S. Fccest Service; DeWitt "Swede" Nelson of Sacramento, Calif., president of the Society of American Foresters; J.C. McCaffery of Mobile, Ala., vice president of the International Paper Co.; Gordon P. Markworth of Seattle, Wash., dean of the Univ. of Washington College of Forestry and former Univ. of Georgia forestry dean; C.H. Coulter of Tallahassee, Fla., Florida state forester and Cllarles F. Evans of Atlanta, past S.AF president.
About 300 foresters from Georgia, Alabama and Florida gathered .in the lavish new $3 million University of Georgia Center fur Continuing Education at Athens fcc two days of technical sessions and renewal of far-flung acquaintances.
University of Georgia President O.C. Aderhold welcomed the foresters and praised the growth and contributions to forestry of the university's forestry school, which is celelxating its golden anniversary this year.
The tremendous growth of forestry in the South was hailed by all the speakers, who predicted even greater JXOgress in the future. This expansion will depend on the efforts of those present, the speakers said.
Nelson said that in 20 years the nation would have to dooble its tresent force of 17,000 fccesters if this country's fccest products' requirements are to be met.
F. Herbert Robertson of Panama City, Fla., was elected 1957 chairman, Henry Wilson of Grayson, Ala. was named chairman-elect and Floyd Goggin of Auburn, Ala:, was named secretary-treasurer.
F.ifty years in Southern forestry was the theme of the meet ing, which tied in a~q>riately with the llniversiry forestry school' s_-~-century birthday.

3
Smokey Presents--
The 1957 CFFP Campaign

Thanks, Folks,
for being
CARE FULl
0 ~-Only-m!! can
PREVENT 'WOODS FIRESI

As the 1957 Cooperative Forest :.~ire Prevention Campaign gets under way, Smokey- Bear is again the leading figure as he pleads for public cooperation in the prevention of woods fires.
The CFFP campaign, sponsored jointly by the State Foresters and the U.S. Forest Service, is a public project of the Advertising Council. It features a great variety of publicity material including posters, newspiper ads, radio and television spot announce ments, bookmarks, blotters and stanps. These are available for use in presentinr. the public w.ith the 1957 fire prevention message.
The 1957 "Smokey" carq>aign serves as a reminder that millions of :rcople will be traveling through wooded areas during the year, and the public's job w.ill be to keep alert of the need for preventing costly fires.
Smokey constantly urges everyone to be careful with matches, smoke and campfires. "RememberOnly YOU can prevent forest fires."

fire destrOIJS .

I l l his trees, ~- ____ 1

too

~

~~---~,-~.~ -~~Q~l~~

PREVENT FOREST FIRES !

;Be~
~~ ~s~
wid~ euA-~~~/
~- On ly Y.Ql! can
PRMNT WOODS FIRES I

WITH MATCHES !

4

All.Time Fire Control Record Set

Despite a critical drought situation in South ~eorgia and a statewide deficiency of rainfall, the Georgia Forestry Commission last year joined hands with Georgia residents to set an all-time record in controlling forest fires.
James C. Turner Jr., the commission's fire control chief, said 74 per cent of Georgia's 145 counties now under organized fire protection lost less than one-half of one per cent of their total forest acreage in forest fires.
"In the overall breakdown," he said, "there were 51 counties that suffered only a one-fourth of one per cent loss, 49 lost from one-fourth to one-half per cent and 24 others suffered a one-half to one per cent loss. Only 11 counties had more than one per cent of their total forest acreage burned by fire."
Turner cited increasing public interest as the major reason for the success. "Timberland in Georgia is more valuable now than it ever has been," he said, "and Georgians realize the loss of every single acre takes money out of their pockets, regardless of their interests. Since woodlands and their byJroducts make up such a large share of the ~tate economy,

everybody living in Geagia is affected by every fire that destroys timber."
He euphasized it would be impossible to protect the
state's 14 million forest acres without the close co-operation
of every state resident.
"This outstanding record reflects the interest and concern Georgians have for their woodlands more than it does the effitiency ci the commission," Turner said. He was quick to add, however, that the job of controlling forest fires is never done. "We can't rest on our past records," he said. "A single match could destroy millions of dollars wcrth of timber in a short time. We must continue to be alert.".
In setting the new mark, Turner said the 1955 record of one-half of one per cent burned was more than cut in half. "Our ultimate aim," he said, " is to erase completely the loss of any forest acres to fire. Since people are respons ible for about 98 per cent of all wildfires, the job rests in their hands. It's their job to Jrevent them, and it's our job to put them out. Therefore, it seems the best answer to Georgia's forest fire problem _is to prevent fires before they s tart."

Bill Muns Scales
Lofty Radio To-wer
When Bill Muns of Thomson joined the McDuffie-Warren Faestry unit of the Georgia Forestry Commission back .in 1952, he thought he might have to climb an occasional tree in line of duty.
But Muns, who's now assistant ranger of the unit, didn't dream he'd be clambering up and down the Commission's Tenth District lofty radio tower to adjust the antenna and i.nJ>rove recertion.

...~-...,
4b ...,., "''
.,.,.. """ ~rfl __..... ~____...
"* rt '

~~
"~' ~
fl~

However, that's what he's doing now, averaging about two round trifS a month up and down the 125-foot tower which stands behind the district office in Washington.
Muns volunteered for the higher echelon work late last year when his boss, McDuffie-Warren Ranger John Looney, who preceded him as district steeple jack, came down with a back ailment and had to .stop; his aerial work.

The altitude doesn't bother him too much, Muns said, as he's used to viewing the Georgia countryside from the Commission's lOO.foot fire towers.

The strain of pulling himself up the tower, which climbs like a ladder, does make itself felt in his weary arms, he says. And the cold winds quickly chill his hands while he wcxks. The delicate nature of his antenna adjustments requires him to doff his gloves. He wears them while he climbs, how ever.

GETTING A BffiD'S EYE VIEW OF THE SITUATION

Once Muns gets to the top, he secures himself to the tower with his lineman's safety belt and starts adjusting. The position of the antenna has to be shifted from time to time ta inprove reception.

Muns works under, cr rather above, the watchful eye of Commission Communications Chief H.H. Cannon of Waycross and Tenth District Radio Technician Albert Young of Washington when he goes aloft.

5
"Here's where our firebreaks stopped it," Union Bag forester Roy Riddick tells Chatham County Ranger Ernest Edwards. on Union Bag property.

6
Flame- carred Woods Remain From C atham County Fire
Chatham Ranger Ernest Edwards inspects seedling on Gair property.

All that remains of fire patrol plane.

Salvage of pulpwood on burned area still goes on.

Union Bag "Monster" replants burned area.

Many of Olatham County's most valuable woodland acres lie today like a flame-scarred giant prostrated by

placeable timber went up in smoke. Much valuable wildlife was killed and its habitat destroyed. Reforestation will

(

suits of direct seeding experiments conducted on COJIIPany pr~ .in other parts of the state. Such a large area was

Union Bag was able to salvage much timber from the burned areas by cutting at once, Supervisor Ike Kennedy

the searing heat of last .April's "project" fire.

cost thousands upon thousands of dollars more.

burned that company officials feel that a method of mass of Pooler said. However, the greatest, and irreplaceable

The pain from the 15,700-acre fire is gone. Gone, too, is a Forestry Commission contract pilot, who died in the line of duty when his plane crashed on air patrol over the fire.
But the scars and memories of the costly fire remain to haunt state and private fcxesters for decades to come. For these men, who risked their lives for three days to curb the monstrous wind-driven blaze, must salvage what fire-damaged timber they can and then replant the proud pines which the flames destroyed.

The heaviest losses were suffered by .Atlantic Creosoting; Union Bag-Gunp Paper, Remer Lane and Gair Woodlands, some of whom have already embarked upon vigorous reforestation programs designed to pur the once-lush woodlands back .into production.
Gair, which lost over 400 acres, clear cut all its flameravaged property and then bulldozed, harrowed and replanted its property with thousands of pine seedlings. The seedlings have already taken root and appear to be thriving.
Union Bag lost 6,000 acres. It has done no large scale

seeding will have to be found.
.Aerial seeding has been considered, but animals and birds find the pine seeds most appetizing. A satisfactory wildlife repellent is being sought.
Union Bag is conducting one planting experiment .in the burned area. Company foresters are testing a rough planter in the burned areas. It consists of a planter towed by a heavy tractor.
.Affectionately known as "The Monster" to all foresters in the Savannah area, it has been lumbering through the woods for several months. Company officials had made no

losses, were those suffered when the young pines which were too small to salvage, burned up, Union Forester Roy Riddick of Savannah sai:'d.
Olatham County Foresttv Commission Ranger Ernest Edwards said there .is much more prescribed burning being carried out this season to eliminate fuel on the forest floor and decrease possibilities of another fire.
"We just hope there'll be less wind, more rain and lots more human consciousness of fire prevention," Edwards said. "If we could get enough of all three, project fires

Many hundreds of thousands of dollars worth of irre- replanting yet, as company foresters are awaiting the re-

decision at press time on adopting the machine.

in Olatham County would be a thing of the past."

7

CHARCOAL VILLAGE OFFERS FOOD FOR THOUGHT

Two Georgians Malee Charcoal

From Unwanted Hardwoods

Gecrgians are literally sinking their teeth into one of the state's toughest forestry problems. Their fondness for charcoal-broiled steak is helping to solve the mounting dilemma of what to do with the more than eight million acres of scrub hardwoods which slowly are edging into Georgia's valuable timber stands.
L.W. High and Cllarles Cowart of Leary, Ga., were quick to realize the growing popularity of do-it-yourself beefsteaks offered a fair-size profit from the supposedly worthless trees. Last summer they decided to try their hand at making charcoal from the unwanted hardwoods, and the venture f"oved an immediate success.
Cowart and High now have the largest bulk charcoal busi-
ness .in Georgia. Although their market .is fairly limited at present, most of their product is consumed by amateur out-
door chefs. Cowart, who supervises the operation, says he is optimistic about the future because outdoor cooking is rapidly gaining appeal.
The two men have built a little village of kilns near Williamsburg. The ten cinderblock buildings have a capacity of 12 cords each, but only 10 cords of wood are used under present operations. According to Cowart, a single charge of 10 cords of mixed green hardwoods yields from four to

four and a half tons of charcoal. He said current output is abour 17 tons a week. All-our production could yield about 40 tons weekly.
Cowart said the kilns require five days to change the wood into charcoal, and an additional five days must be allowed for the charcoal to cool enough to be removed. The kilns are loaded by hand directly from a truck. An old tire casing is used to fire the wood, and the charcoal is removed by shoveling it into a conveyor belt which dumps it into a wagon. When the wagon is loaded, .it is hauled by tractor to a packing shed where the l~s are screened through a rotating wire mesh. The f"OCess is completed when a conveyor dumps the
lumps into individual bags.
Rufus Page, technologist with the Forest Utilization Service and Ralph Peter, technologist with the Athens-Macon Research Center, recently visited the kiln operation and discussed its future possibilities. They said Cowart indicated he would prefer to sell the charcoal by car or truc;doad lots rather than bagged, if a market were available and the price right.
"Apparently he isn't interested in building a briquetting
plant," Page said, "but he wwld consider building more
(Continued on Page 10)

8

Circular Versus

Sash-Gang Mills

(By Rufus Page, Forest Utilization Specialist)
Is the conventional circular sawmill on the way out? Many persons, including some mill operators, believe this to be the case. Countless millions of feet of lumber have been sawed by circular mills in Georgia during the past few decades and they have ~ovided a substantial part of the income in this state. Bur the picture has changed apfieciably in the past twenty years, and a number of factors indicate that the cost of manufacturing lumber by circular mills may become prohibitive.
Among these factors are: (1) the increased cost of labor, (2) a greatly diminished supply of large, clear timber, (3) .reluctance or inability of sawyers to saw for grade, (4) the small volume of timber in stands large enough to market, (5) the greatly increased cost of machinery, rolling stock, fuel, taxes and miscellaneous overhead and (6) keener conpetition for merchantable timber and pulpwood.

Apparently these factors are now an established part of our timber economy and are here to stay. On the other hand, it seems feasible to assume that lumber will continue to be
the mainstay of the building industry and that the demand for it will increase rather than remain static. What is the answer then to the sixty-four dollar question, "Is it possible to manufacture lumber proiitably by other methods?" Many informed persoos believe the answer is yes, and that the most promis ing of these methods is a sash-gang mill operation.

Early in 1955, M.C. Jones, Jones Lumber Coiq>any, Milan,

Ga., switched from a circular to a sash-gang operation. He

operated two circular mills on the same property and replaced

these with a single sash-gang mill. A comparison between

the two setups is interesting.

Two

One .

circular sash-gang

mills mill-

Average daily output in board-feet

18,000

Number of men required to operate

sawmills

18

Number of men em~oyed at green chain 11

Number of additional men required to

operate resaw

2

Total number of men required to saw,

resaw, and sort for stacking

31

Production ter man-dav, sawing only in

board-feet
Production p:r man-day, sawing and

1,000

sorting in board-feet

584

27,000
6 4
0 10
4,500
2,700

. These figures show Jones can now produce almost five tlffies more lumber pet man-day than he could with the conv~ntional circular mill operation. In commenting on these ~~g~es, Jones said a careful analysis of both operations indicated he was losing three dollars oo every thousand
feet of lumber cur by his circular mills, a loss which had
to be absorbed by the planer-mill oreration. But now, with the sash-gang mill, he is consistently realizing a .Profit.

(Continued on Page 10)

NELSON B. BLOCKER
Blocker Succeeds
As Forest Consultant
Editor's Note: This is the sixth in a series of nine articles which will appear in the GEDRGIA KJRESIRY during the George Foster PeabodY Forestry School Golden Anniversary Celebration. Each installment will be a brief biography of a Forestry School graduate. Purpose of the series is to give a cross-section of the alumni and to renew old acquaintances .
Nelson B. Blocker collected 13 years of ~actical forestry experience and invested them in a partnership in a successful forest consultant business.
A native of Birmingham, Ala., Blocker was educated .in public schools at Ontario, Canada; Atlanta and Decatur, Ga. and Tanpa. Fla. He received his BS degree in forestry from the University of Gecxgia School of Forestry in 1937.
From 1937 to 1942, he was with the Florida Fcxest Service as district forester and assistant state forester, fire control. He entered the U.S. Army in 1942 and served 37 months.in the Middle East, France and Germany in an anti-aircraft: division. He was discharged in 1946 as a lieutenant, and for the next four years, he was forester for a private forestry concern
In 1950, he became a partner in Southeastern Foresters, a private forest consultant firm, at Jacksonville Beach, Fla. He and his partner, D. Eric Bradshaw, offer advice on forest management, timber sales, estimates and appraisals and growth and yield studies.
Blocker is the present chairman of the Florida Chapter of the Society of American Foresters.

9

Round-Up Of
Ranger News
The Union Ba~ Paper Corp. recently announced six cash grants for forestry study. Three will be in scholarships and three in fellowships.
Scholarship; ate ~en to high school graduates of excellent scholastic rating who ate interested in forestry. They pay up to $1,000 a yeat and ate renewable for four yeats as long as the required scholastic rating .is maintained. Winners may choose any accredited fcrestry school .in the Eastern part of the U.S.
Two of the scholarships will go to members of the Future Farmers of America and 4-H Oubs and the third will go to a Georgia resident, not necessarily affiliated with either of the two clubs.
Two of the fellowships--one for Yale University and one for Duke University-ate offered foe advance study .in forestry to outstanding students, two of whom must have received a bachelor's degree. A.ll three fellowship; must lead to a mas ter's degree in forestry.
Application deadline for a scholarship is Match 15 and the fellowship application deadline is March 1.
Ever since the Foresters' First Aid Training course held in Macon in December, the Tenth District Forestry headquart ers has taken steps to train all ground personnel in the district in first aid.
For nine consecutive weeks Columbia County Ranger Leo Lorenzo will be instructing all ground personnel from RichllX>nd, McDuffie-Warren, Columbia and Lincoln Counties. Asst. District Forester Bill Schultz is teaching the course to personnel from Elbert, Madison, Oglethorpe, Clatke and Morgan-Walton Counties.
Since Feb. 7, all tenth district office and Wilkes County personnel have been taking the first aid coorse every Thursday night for two hours. Schultz is also instructing this group.

A BORING LESSON-Armand Cote, center, asst. dist. forester at Rome, demonstrates use of an increment boter to members of the Smyrna High School Fire Wardens Club. Tom Holmes, Cobb county ranger, left, set up the demon stration and followed Cote through the paces.
Dr. William A. Campbell of the Athens-Macon Forest Research Center has been awarded a certificate of mecit for outstanding service. Joseph F. Pechanec, director of the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station in Asheville, N.C., announced Campbell was honored for "unusual accomplish~ents toward solving the littleleaf disease p:oblem and other 11Dp<>rt:mt forest .tree disease problems, and for outstanding skill m developmg a strong forest research program in the Southern Piedmont.''
. Dr. Carrpbell has been with the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture smce 1936 and with the Forest Service since 1954. He is the author of some 57 technical publications on forest disease troblems.
S.D. Allen of the S.A. Allen Pulpwood Dealers in Savannah was recently elected president of the Southern Pulpwood Dealers Assn. held at the Dinkler Plaza Hotel in Atlanta. He succeeds Leo Mooradian of Hapeville.
The SPDA is a trade association made up of pulpwood suppliets throughout the Southeast. Eight states were represented at this annual meeting.

FUTURE FOREST-Shown above an

of many

truckloads of seedlings shipped from the Commission nur

series. This truck contains 800,000 slash pine seedlings

being shipped from Davis~oro to Herty.

The Oatke-Oconee Forestry Unit has announced plans for construction of a new building in Athens. It is to be located on College Station Drive beyond the University Dairy.
The Unit now has its offices in the George Foster Peabody School of Forestry building on the University campus.
Verla T. Smith, OatkeOconee ranger, estimated the total cost of the building will be somewhere between $8,000 and $9,000.
Smith said the new site will provide for better and faster coverage of fires in the atea. It also will p:ov:ide for more adequate storage space for both vehicles and supplies.

10

Circular Mills.
(COntinued ramPage 8) A factor of major importance between the two methods of producing lumber is the . difference in overrun. Based on the Scribner log scale by wh1ch Jones Lumber Company purchases most of its logs, the overrun with the circular head saws
averaged between seven and eight per cent, while the rresent overrun with the gang saw is between 30 and 33 per cent. One disadvantage of the sash-gang operation is that select lumber grades amount to only about eight per cent, as corrpared to 12 to 15 per cent from the circular mill operation. However, the majority of logs purchased by this mill are not more than 10 to 12 inches in diameter at the small end, and the amount of grade that could be cut from these logs is more than offset by the increased yield of lumber cut on the sashgang with a narrower saw kerf.
Sawmilling was once a lucrative business, but with the passing of cheap stumpage, cheap labor, and cheap equipment, the chances of making a profit by sawmilling are far less than a decade ago. Stepped-up production with less waste seems to be the best answer. Sawmill men planning to stay in business will find it worthwhile to check their present costs as com pared to those of a sash-gang mill.
INCREASED PRODUCTION--This Esterer Sash-Gang Saw has increased production per man-day &om 584 to 2700 board-feet.
Charcoal Kiln. .. (Continued ramPage 7) kilns if he got a contract to supply a commercial firm with lump charcoal."
Cowart and Hig):! utilize low-grade hardwoods which have been invading their valuable 7,000-acre tract of pines. "They've found a profitable solution to their hardwood problem," Page said, "by capitalizing on Georgia's appetite for a good charcoal-broiled steak.
"It's too much to hope that this is the answer to Georgia's hardwood invasion proolem," he said, "because it'd take a mighty big appetite to eat all the steaks that could be cooked with the scrub hardwoods we now have. They keep springing
up faster than they can be consumed too. But, since there's
limited market for commercial charcoal in the stare, at least this is a step in the right direction."

SMOKEY WH.IRLYBIRDJames C. Turner Jr., right, the Forestry Commission's new fire control chief, discusses operation of the state agency's new helicopter with R.W. Conway. Conway delivered the wingless aircraft and cur rendy is teaching commission pilots how to fly it. The whirlybird was purchased jointly by the commission and Civil Defense organization. It will be used by foresters for fire control and management duties and will be avail able to the defense unit in case of state or national emer gencies.
AFPI Sponsors National
4-H Forestry Awards
For the tenth consecutive year the American Forest Products Industries is sponsoring the National 4-H Forestry Awards program.
The AFPI provides awards for both county and state winners and twelve trips to the 4-H Congress for national winners. 4-H boys and girls enrolled during the current year in a 4-H forestry project or activity may participate in accordance with the requirements of the State Extension Service.
Participants must have passed their 14th birthday and must not have rassed their 21st birthday on January 1 of this year, and must have conpleted at least three years of 4-H Oub work including the current year.
Purpose of the program is to help 4-H boys and girls to develop leadership talents and to work toward achieving the broad objectives of character and effective citizenship, to develop desirable attitudes toward the need and importance of conserving our forest resources in relation to the public welfare, to appreciate the importance of the farm woodland as a source of income and as a source of raw materi al for the industries of America, to acquire information and an understanding of good forestry practices and skill in executing them, to learn how to manage woodlands for continuous production of forest crops, to understand the importance of keeping America green by preventing forest fires and to develop leadership in forestry by demonstrating to others better JXactices in growing, protecting and utilizing farm timber.
Full information about the regulations, records required and the final date may be obtained from local leaders or the County Extension Office.

Georgia Forestry
March, 1957
DO YOU HAVE MONEY TO BURN?
Trees mean income for fanners , jobs for industrial workers, taxes for schools and roads and wood for thousands of items we need every day.
Be careful with Fires in the woods

Entered as second class matter at the Post Office, Macon, Georgia