Waste stream journal, Vol. 3, no. 1 (Winter 1999)

WASTE STREAM JOURNAL

A Waste Reduction Newsletter of the Georgia Department of Community Affairs

* * * VOL. III NO. 1

WINTER 1999

****

IT'S ON US

Recycles Day '98
Double the
Pledges,
Double the Fun
Georgia Increases ARD Pledges, Events
Georgians nearly doubled the number of pledges to recycle and buy recycled products in the second year of celebrating America Recycles Day in Georgia. The Georgia Recycling Coalition (GRC) forwarded 18,000 pledges to national organizers.
Georgia's pledges were collected at 350 local events throughout the state, 110 more than were held last year. The pledges will join those collected in 44 other states, 2 territories and Mexico for entry in a national drawing for a $200,000 American Green Dream House, constructed primarily from recycled materials.
GRC served as the primary organizer of the Georgia event, while DCA provided most of the funds from Solid Waste Trust Fund monies.
More than 3,200 cards were signed at Robins Air Force Base in Warner Robins alone. The Base's weeklong educational event included displays and presentations to children from a local day-care center. Major General Richard Goddard boosted the Base's recycling efforts by establishing a mandatory recycling policy.
Pledges were also collected at a SK "Race to Recycle" and one-mile fun run sponsored by Keep Sandy Springs/North
See ARD on pg. 4: IEF

Talkin' Trash

* * *
The Public Sector

* * *
The Private Sector

I s your local government on "the list?" If your city or county has failed to plan for solid waste management, it may have lost its qualified local government status, making it ineligible to receive solid waste-related grants, loans or permits from the State. To remain in good standing, local governments must adopt and periodically update a solid waste management plan (staggered deadlines apply). If you are concerned that your government is one of 25 on "the list" because of solid waste planning issues, contact DCA's Rachel Cochran (see page 10). Local governments must also respond to the annual Solid Waste Management Survey and Full Cost Report (due to DCA each October 1) or possibly face administrative action from EPD. To verify your government's status, contact DCA's Patrick Vickers (see page 10).
***
Lumpkin County officials are considering implementation of a technology that would heat solid waste to 7,000C-hotter than the . sun-and vaporize it. The only solid remaining from the 50 tons of trash per day input
See Pusuconpage 11: IEF

Georgia has one of the largest landfills in the nation and another landfill that ranks among the top 10 in remaining capacity. According to Waste News, Waste Management's Live Oak No. 2 landfill in Fulton County ranks number 20 among the nation's largest landfills. Southern States' Taylor County landfill ranks ninth in remaining capacity. This South Georgia landfill, which currently takes in 3,000 tons of solid waste per day, will close at the end of 2047. It provides about 17% of our state's total remaining landfill capacity.
***
Where can you go to see Eastern bluebirds, red-tailed hawks and tiger swallowtail butterflies? Try a visit to BFI's Hickory Ridge landfill in DeKalb County. According to the Atlanta JournalConstitution, the Wildlife Habitat Council recently recognized the owners of the 148-acre site for creating a home for native plants and animals. The site currently uses hardwoods, evergreens, grasslands and ponds to attract wildlife. Future plans include creation of wetlands, a wildflower meadow and raptor towers.
See PRIVATE on page 5: IEF

In This Issue

GEFA is giving away more money for recycling and waste reduction, pg. 3.
Peachy Clean goes all-American, pg. 3. The world's largest recycler works hard in Georgia, pg. 7. Acronyms strike again ... we'll help you decipher, pg. 10.

Litterbugs beware!
Officers on the
Lookout for
Crimes Against
the Environment
Increased Training Available for Officers
Taking a proactive stance toward litter and other environmental issues in the northeast Georgia region, the Hall Clean Council hosted a Crimes Against the Environment conference in December to highlight the need for the enforcement of environmental laws.
The conference was one of a number of activities being undertaken throughout the state to raise awarentfSs of environmental crimes among Georgia's peace officers.
From litterbug to criminal
Through lectures, discussion and case examples, the conference provided the attendees with information specific to attacking envi.ronmental offenses. Speakers from DNR, EPD and numerous local law enforcement offices strongly urged the enforcement of the state's very powerful liUer laws.
"Litter laws have often been overlooked by local law enforcement," said Sergeant Howard Hensley of DNR. "When you call them crimes against the environment instead, well, that draws some attention."
Hensley was quick to note the seriousness of these offenses and the need to
SEE PEACE OFFICER on pg. 6: IEF

THE WASTE STREAM JOURNAL WINTER 1999 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Keep Georgia Beautiful Gathers Friends to Celebrate 20 Years

Keep Georgia Beautiful celebrated 20 years of service to Georgia with a birthday party in Atlanta's Centennial Olympic Park on October 13. The birthday party was the finale of a 12-day celebration that included a bus tour that logged 2,000 miles while visiting 28 cities across the state.
The bus tour highlighted Keep America Beautiful affiliates across the state and also honored local "Hometown Heroes." The party, however, celebrated the efforts that Keep Georgia Beautiful has made over the past 20 years to educate the public and change behaviors and attitudes toward waste and the environment.
More than 200 people attended the event and heard speakers talk about their relationships with Keep Georgia Beautiful. Connie Wiggins, executive director of Gwinnett Clean and Beautiful, talked about the importance of Keep Georgia Beautiful leadership with the 57 local affiliates. Rick

Brooks, director of DCA's with Keep Georgia Beautiflil, Planning and Environmental including donating space to Management Division, dis- Keep Macon Beautiful, one of

Speakers at Keep Georgia Beautiful's party cut the five-foot-long birthday cake, which was decorated like the program's tour bus.

cussed the State's relationship with Keep Georgia Beautiful.
Lamar Norton of the Georgia Power Company spoke about the importance of public/private. partnerships. He also mentioned his company's long relationship

the first KAB affiliates in the country.
Highlighting the event were appearances by KAB President Ray Empson, City of Atlanta Mayor Bill Campbell and EPA Region IV Regional Administrator John Hankinson. Each

expressed great enthusiasm for the work of Keep Georgia Beautiful and a desire to work with the organization as it sets goals for the next 20 years.
According to Lynn Cobb, manager of Keep Georgia Beautiful, the program will continue to provide leadership for the local KAB affiliates and continue to build partnerships with governments, communities and leaders across the state. The program will also work hard to address many of the issues that will affect Georgfa as it heads toward a new millenium.
"As well as continuing to concentrate on proper waste management and litter prevention, Keep Georgia Beautiful will move into the areas of crimes against the environment and air and water quality issues," Cobb said. "Keep Georgia Beautiful continues to be dedicated to protecting our state's future and, in the process, becoming a strong environmental steward."

GHEP Expands Focus Beyond Hotels and Solid Waste

The Georgia Hospitality Environmental Partnership (GHEP) increased its presence in the state during the last half of 1998 by offering technical assistance to numerous new participants and exhibiting at industry expositions.
Since its inception in 1995, the program has expanded its focus beyond giving Atlantaarea hotels recycling and waste reduction assistance. GHEP staff now offers assistance to all segments of the hospitality industry-including convention centers and restaurants-across the state. The assistance spans from solid waste issues to environmental purchasing and water and energy conservation.

Recently, GHEP staff has given technical assistance to the Marietta Conference Center, Atlanta Hilton Hotel, Athens Regional Medical Center,. Westin AirportAtlanta, Club Hotel by Doubletree, Callaway Gardens, Sleep Inn Hotel, Sheraton Suite Gallery, Windy Hill Courtyard and Atlanta Hilton Northeast.
Aside from technical assistance, GHEP provides hotel and restaurant owners recycling bins for paper collected in their pilot programs and in-room guest notices for towel and linen conservation

services. GHEP also participates

in EPNs WAVE program (Water

Alliance Voluntary Efficiency),

a free program that provides

water audit practices

and

computer

software programs

that describe how to

implement water

saving techniques in

large facilities.

GHEP is extending

its offer of free

assistance to even more

members of the hospitality

industry through a new display.

Available for booths at trade

shows and exhibitions, the

display features graphics and

text information about GHEP

and the services the program

provides. The display has already been used at the Southern Lodging Expo and Southeastern Foodservice and Restaurant Trade Show, as well as the Georgia Recycling Coalition (GRC) Conference at Callaway Gardens.
GHEP is composed of representatives from several public and private organizations concerned with waste reduction in the hospitality industry. DCA provides an office and a program coordinator.
If you are interested in using the display or have questions about GHEP, please contact DCNs Bonnie Fryer (see page 10).

2

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS

Great American Cleanup to Make Georgia Peachy Clean

Great changes are in store for Keep Georgia Beautiful's annual springdeanup. Known in the past as "Let's Keep Georgia Peachy Clean," the April event is undergoing a name change to become part of Keep America Beautiful's national cleanup initiative.
The event will now be known as "The Great American Cleanup-Let's Keep Georgia Peachy Clean," which incorporates the new KAB title with the old state slogan. This event will give KAB and its network of affiliates an opportunity to create a signature event that will have a major impact on communities from coast to coast.
The new KAB program replaces its "GLAD Bag-AThon," which in the past has been recognized as the nation's largest organized litter cleanup program. "The Great American Cleanup" will showcase KAB 's national force as a leader in the war against litter, with the ability to effect real change at the local level.
Lynn Cobb, manager of Keep Georgia Beautiful, says that "The Great American Cleanup" is a unique program for KAB because it is an event that is

open to all communities, not

just those affiliated with the

national organization.

"We do not foresee any major

changes in the way we will

operate the.event from previous

years," Cobb said~ "The most

obvious change

will be the new

name, but this

"-

first year will be

"\'

a transition year :::

to the new u

program and,

for the most w
part, we will :e

continue a ,_

program that

has been suc-

cessful in

beautifying

Georgia."

Some of the

changes that

will be recognizable are free-

standing educational displays

available for retail outlets, an

insert placed into Sunday

newspapers that will reach 50

million households throughout

the country, as well as a

national promotion with

McDonald's.

All participants will still

receive coloring books, stickers,

litter bags, garbage bags and

other promotional materials.

This fourth annual event will once again combine the resources of "The Peachy Clean Team." Since 1996, Keep Georgia Beautiful, a program of DCA, has teamed with the DOT, DNR, GEFA
.and the Department of Public Safety for many popular C::.. anti-littering rrt efforts. > Last year's 2 "Let's Keep c::: Georgia '1:7 Peachy Clean" event was the most successful ever, responsible for the collection of 1.4 million pounds of materials. This includes items found on roadsides and in vacant lots. It also includes materials collected from two cities that held "amnesty days" at their local solid waste facilities and collected waste items free of charge on a specified day.
More than 300 groups in 240 communities across the state participated in last year's event. Cleanups were held in

116 of Georgia's 159 counties and resulted in litter removal from 1,529 miles of roadway. More than 14,000 volunteers contributed 22,000 hours to beautify areas throughout the Peach State.
Litter is a problem that continues to plague the state. DQT spends more than $5 million each year to clean up trash on state-maintained interstates and highways. This total does not include the money that individual cities and counties spend to clean the local roadways. Litter not only affects the appearance of the roadways, but also harms wildlife and consumes valuable tax dollars.
The 1999 "Great American Cleanup - Let's Keep Georgia Peachy Clean" will be held April 17-25. Registration materials will be mailed out in the first week of February to every city and county official, recycling coordinator and past participant. This program is open to all interested groups . willing to make Georgia a better and cleaner place to live.
For more information contact DCA's David Smith (see page 10).

1999 GEFA Recycling & Waste Reduction Grant Round Under Way

- Hone your grant writing skills foster an integrated approach to

and get ready to recycle!

.waste reduction, composting

GEFA will be accepting and recycling. The funds may

applications for its 1999 not be used for MSW disposal

Recycling and Waste Reduction projects. Only Georgia cities,

grants from January 4 through counties and solid waste

April 5.

management authorities may

Funded by Solid Waste Trust receive the grants.

Fund monies, the annual grant Eligible activities for funding

programisthelargestresource include new recycling

for local governments in need programs or enhancement of

of general recycling or waste existing recycling activities and

reduction assistance from the financing ofthe capital costs for

State. For 1999, $500,000 will recycling and waste reduction

be available and will be distrib- programs. Priority will be

uted in grants of up to $30,000. given to scrap tire recycling

The .purpose of the program programs and innovative

is to help local governments programs or projects that bring

together new resources and approaches to recycling; waste reduction and waste management.
Grants of up to $20,000 will be available to individual cities or counties. Multi-jurisdictional coalitions of counties and cities (two or more local governments) may be eligible for grants of up to $25,000. Regional coalitions of counties or solid waste management authorities that involve two or more counties may be eligible for up to $30,000.
Certain types of proposals may also be eligible for up to $30,000. These include pro-

jects that focus on scrap tire management alternatives, commercial/institutional waste reduction programs, or efforts to expand markets for wood waste, municipal sludge, food processing waste, construction and demolition debris, and carpet/textile waste.
Grant applications are available by request only. Winners will be announced in May 1999. To receive an application or to learn more about the program, contact GEFA Program Manager James Thompson at (404) 656-0938 or thornpson@gefa.org.
3

THE WASTE STREAM JOURNALWINTER1999 _ _ __.:___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

America Recycles Day in Georgia

E-Mail Addresses Wanted

continuedfrom page 1

I:

Fulton Beautiful (please see Three "Recycling Families A recent survey of Resource Georgia on-my-line

i

article on page 12). Other of the Year," chosen from the Recycling subscribers found If you are an Internet user

t' '

communities have expressed interest in sponsoring similar races for the 1999 event

student entries, received $500 savings bonds donated by the Keep Georgia .Beautiful

that members of the recycling industry are relying more on the Internet and Web than last

and would like to find Georgia solid waste information, try visiting DCA's site at

j

Before forwarding the Foundation. Winners were year. Internet usage has www.dca.state.ga.us.;, EPD's

pledge cards to the national Misty Brassfield of Clay climbed to 73% from 68% in site at www.dnr.state.ga.us/

drawing, Georgia's planning Elementary School in 1997.

dnr/environ, GEFA at

committee drewfor statewide Mableton, Michael Rogers of Almost all of the on-line users www.gefa.org, or P2AD at

prizes. Among the more than Effingham Middle School, (98%) searched the Web. www.dnr.state.ga.us/dnr/p2ad.

20 prizes were carpeting from and Carlina Boykin of Winder/ Slightly fewer (91 %) took DCA would like to take

the American Plastics Council Barrow High School. The advantage of personal further advantage of the

and Image Carpets, one year winning students' schools also communication tools, such as.e- efficient communication and

of Coca-Cola products from received recycled content mail or chat rooms. More waste reduction opportunities

The Coca-.Cola Company, and paperfrom Union Camp.

respondents searched hap- afforded by being on-line. If

a $500 savings bond from "DCA is proud to be hazardly, or "surfed the web," you would like to receive e-

Anchor Glass Container involved in a program that (70%) than went to specific mail notices and reminders of

Company.

recognizes families and sites.

Additional prizes were awarded to winners of statewide essay contests in Georgia's schools, churches and synagogues. Ray-Thomas Memorial Presbyterian Church in Marietta was named the "Recycling Church of the

organizations that have made

Two of the favorite Internet

recycling a way of life," said Robin Meyer, director of DCA's Office of Waste Management. "America Recycles Day allows us to do that and, at the same time, to educate more people on the

sites identified were EPA's home page (www.epa.com) and Recyclers World (www.recycle.net). Others were state sites for California (www.ciwmb.ca.gov), New

Year" and received five boxes small .steps they can take to York (www.dec.state.ny.us),

of recycled content paper from conserve natural resources and Washington (www.wa.gov/

Union Camp.

protect our environment."

ecology), and Pennsylvania

events and other information from DCA's Planning and Environmental Management Division, please send your e-mail address to pinsinna@dca.state.ga.us. In the subject line, type "mailing list." In the message, include your full name, title, affiliation and address. This will allow us to make sure the information in our database is current.

(www.dep.state.pa.us).
+ The study surveyed a

After sending us your address, you can expect to

America Recycles

random sample of 300 receive reminders of

Day State

subscribers by mail. Eighty- upcoming events and eight responses were received. deadlines, copies of press

Sponsors:

A full report is the September releases, and other timely. 1998 issue of the magazine. information.

Diamond Sponsors:
Georgia Department of Community Affairs
Southeast Paper Recycling Company
The Coca-Cola Company

Ruby Sponsors:
National Association of PET Container Resources United States Postal Service Owens-Brockway/GDS MARTA Union Camp

Topaz Sponsors:
Caraustar Industries Steel Recycling Institute Georgia Soft Drink Association

Browning Ferris Industries Synthetic Industries Glo-Tex International, Inc.

PAYT Workshop Set for February

In February, a Pay-As-YouThrow (PAYT) workshop will offer both rookies and experienced managers information on starting and maintaining a successful unitbased pricing solid waste collection system.
Abby Goldsmith of Roy F. Weston will moderate the oneday workshop at the Athens Classic Center on February 23. The agenda will include panel discussions of public education for PAYT programs, solicitation of public input when designing a program,

and enforcement of PAYT requirements. Participants will receive literature pertinent to PAYT programs, including EPA's tool kit.
The workshop is sponsored by DCA through an EPA grant. Complete registration information will be mailed to local governments and recycling coordinators in January.
Ifyou would like additional information on the workshop, please contact DCA'sBonnie Fryer (see page 10).

4

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS

Lynn Cobb Recognized

New Staff Members Join DCA

She ain~t no Garth Brooks, but Lynn Cobb's awards and accomplishments keep stacking up.
Cobb, manager of Keep Georgia Beautiful, has been recognized at both state and national levels over the past several months.
Most recently, Cobb received K A B 's Professional Leadership Award. It is the highest professional honor given by the national

materials and hand holding," Empson said. "She always comes forward and comes through when asked."
At the same conference, state and local KAB affiliates elected Cobb to serve on KAB's national board. The board has never before had affiliate representation.
Cobb and representatives from two local affiliates were chosen by their peers to fill the first affiliate terms.
.In the fall,

Check out DCA's staff box on page 10, and you'll find several new names on the list. So you will feel like you know them, we're providing a little information on each. Please call or e-mail them to make them feel welcome... and also to let them know how DCA's Office of Waste Management can help you.
Robin Meyer, Director, Office ofWaste Management Meyer is responsible for DCA's programs that address solid waste
issues-waste reduction, recycling, waste management and community efforts such as Keep Georgia Beautiful. In this role, Meyer oversees the review and approval of local solid waste management plans; numerous publications and special events; and the relationship between the Keep America Beautiful local affiliates and the various state and national organizations with which the programs interact.
Prior to joining the Office of Waste Management, Robin served as the director ofDCA's Office of Single Family Housing, which provided financing for first-time home buyers. Robin also directed an energy conservation loan program administered by Georgia's rural electric cooperatives.

organization.

other directors David Thomas, Manager, Waste Reduction Program

It annually

of state KAB

In his new role, Thomas manages DCA's efforts in waste

recognizes one

affiliates reduction and waste management, including recycling, solid waste

r

or

more

recognized planning, the Georgia Hospitality Environmental Partnership, and

affiliate

Cobb by special publications such as this newsletter.

leaders who

electing her as

Thomas joined DCA's staff in mid-December after working with

have built or

president of local governments across the Southeast on behalf of the Federal

sustained . a

Clean State Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).

local or state

Leaders: The Rachel Cochran, Program Coordinator

program with

organization

Cochran assumed her new position in August, shortly after

exceptional

provides completing her master's degree from the University of Georgia.

success. Ray Empson, opportunities for networking Because her graduate work focused on soils, Cochran is a natural

president of KAB, presented and information exchange for working with local governments on composting. Cochran will

the 1998 awards at KAB's among 24 states.

provide technical assistance on solid waste management planning

annual conference in "DCA is proud to have Lynn and other environmental issues.

,1.

December.

on our staff," said DCA Karen Sabatini, State Recycling Coordinator

"[Cobb] has been Commissioner Jim Higdon.

Sabatini served as municipalrecycling coordinatorfor the City ofDelray

instrumental in supporting "Her spirit, enthusiasm and Beach, Fla., for three years. While there, she focused on buying recycled .

affiliates within her state with commitment make Keep as wellas educating residents and collecting materials. To get started in

public service advertising, Georgia Beautiful one of our hernew position, Sabatiniis meeting local recycling coordinators, learning

awards,. training, educational most successful programs." about their programs, and offering assistance.

,.

Private

IRrTALKIN' TRASH from page 1

worked with Southeast clearing and grading projects Consolidated Resource

According to the Phone Recycling to implement for eight years. The new Recovery. The Atlanta-based

Book Roundup, published by permanent drop-off sites for facility's primary means of yard trimmings composting

BellSouth Advertising & phone books in their counties. processing materials will be and organics recycling

Publishing, three Georgia

***

the Packer 2000, a grinder company, affiliated with the

communities have moved to Patterson Recycling has developed by company Florida company of the same

;,

year-round collection of phone opened a recycling facility in President Ken Patterson. For name, will open a new site in

l

books. The City of Atlanta, Carrollton to handle wood, more information, call (770) 1999 in the City of Norcross.

which collected 1,500 tons of pallets, certain construction 834-6444.

Plans are underway to begin

the books in the first six debris materials, concrete and months of the year, sends dirt. Patterson Services, Inc.,

***

accepting yard trimmings at

Look for GreenCycle of the new site during the first

,\
., 1

phone books to Greenstone. the Mableton-based parent Georgia to turn over a new week of January. For more.

Keep Cobb Beautiful and company, has worked on leaf in 1999 as its name information, please call

Gwinnett Clean and Beautiful Atlanta-area demolition, officially changes to (770) 435-9490.

'

5

''

Peace Officer Training to Highlight Crimes Against the Environment

continued from page 1

Awareness grows statewide Marsha Fletcher, office

enforce even the smallest of crimes-including the tossing of trash out of a car windowto prevent future and larger illegal dumping violations.
"This is where it starts. If we don't let the violators know we are serious about the small things, they will move onto bigger things," he said. "If a roofer gets away with throwing a beer can out his window, then he may believe he can get away with dumping a load of shingles."
Hensley explained that Georgia' a litter and waste control laws are well written. Many officials, from officers to judges, are simply not educated on the subject. Hensley advised any law enforcement official willing to tackle environmental crimes to meet wi.th other officials up the ladder to ensure the proper enforcement and prosecution of the law.
"This is a piece of cake compared to enforcing DUI laws," he said. "This is a really simple law, but you need to meet with the local district attorney, meet with judges and discuss this with them. Let them know what is going on and let them know that you will be enforcing these laws."

Keep Covington/Newton manager for the Hall Clean

Beautiful sponsored a similar Council. "We hope to make all

conference two days after the law enforcement more

one in. Hall County, The cognizant of what they can do.

Covington program_ had started A lot of them don't know they

the chain of events when it can enforce these laws. With

sponsored a panel of this training and education they

enforcement officers at its May can do something about it."

1998 board meeting. As a result More than 25 peace officers

of the interest stirred, a were in attendance at the Hall

discussion was held at the Keep County conference, and they

Georgia Beautiful Executive are part of the more than 600

Directors Conference in officers across the state who

October.

have been specifically trained to

At that conference, Hensley, handle these offenses. Hensley

State Representative Denny hopes this number will rapidly

Dobbs, and representatives from mcrease.

DOT, the Georgia Association Hensley and other officials

of Chiefs of Police, the Georgia met with state representatives in

Sheriff's Association and the November to possibly add a

Department of Public Safety one-hour training class on

met to discuss the enforcement Environmental Crimes to the

of laws that address crimes Peace Officer Standards and

against the environment. An Training (POST) that all new

environmental courtjudge and law enforcement officers must

a district attorney were also complete before becoming a

involved. .

mandated officer. The course

Hall County officials decided will also be made available to

to build on the October existing mandated officers, who

discussion and hold a similar must complete 40 hours of

conference for peace officers, . training each year.

lawyers, judges and other "As we go toward the 21st

interested parties from century, we have more

throughout the area.

responsibility to handle the

"When the officials spoke at issue of crimes against the

the Red Top conference, I knew environment," Hensley said.

this would be good for our local "If we get more help in this

law enforcement to hear," said arena, we can make a

DCA developed a litter law brochure, available to Georgia communties.
difference." DCA produced a brochure that
describes Georgia's litter laws and suggests steps citizens can take to address the problem oflitter. Text of the brochure appears on the Keep G~orgia Beautiful web page at www.keepgeorgiabeautiful.org. To receive a paper copy, request the "Littering & illegal Dtnping in Georgia'' brochure fromDCA's David Smith (see page 10).

Landfill Closures Lead to Increased Costs for Local Governments

Fifteen vertically expanded, unlined solid waste landfills closed in Georgia last summer, leaving their owners without their accustomed revenue stream and with many continuing and potential costs.
Two of the biggest issues for owners of these landfills and others that are in closure are methane gas and groundwater monitoring.
Methane gas is produced as wastes slowly decompose in landfills. The gas can build

up within the landfill and migrate through the soil, possibly leading to explosive concentrations of methane in basements, sewer manholes and other buried structures.
EPD requires landfill operators to monitor levels of methane gas. If the gas reaches levels that exceed those set in EPD rules, owners may have to purchase affected land, build trenches, drill vents or install extraction wells. All of these options are expensive, particularly for

owners of closed landfills, which no longer produce revenue.
In 1997, 78 landfills reported methane-related problems that needed correction.
Groundwater contamination, caused by chemicals released by wastes, is another problem surrounding unlined solid waste landfills. Landfill operators must provide and maintain monitoring systems, which may cost from $50,000 to $150,000 for installation

and up to $40,000 per year for sampling, analyzing and reporting. If problems are discovered, landfill owners must incur the costs of cleanup, provision of potable water supply and continued monitoring.
At the end of 1997, 206 landfills had approved groundwater monitoring systems (including active and closed facilities). Of these, 91 landfills had found contamination and were performing groundwater assessments..

6

- - - - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - - - - GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS
The Three R's of Goodwill: Reuse, Recycle and Retrain

(Not necesarily in that order)

Goodwill Industries Offices

If you read their materials; you will see that Goodwill Industries is all about helping people with disabilities or difficult situations find meaningful employment and start new lives.
Their work is impressive. Through general and specialized job training programs, Goodwill Industries of North Georgia helps about 3,500 people in 48 counties secure employment every year. They train them for new jobs suited to their needs and abilities.
That makes them heroes to a lot of people-not just the ones who have new work, but also the families, employers and taxpayers that benefit.
What you won't read is that the not-for-profit organization is something of a hero to those who are concerned with waste reduction, too.
Keeping it out oflandfills
They're not ones to brag about it because it's not their primary mission. But Goodwill Industries of North Georgia kept an estimated 37 million pounds of materials out of Georgia landfills in 1997. So far, the 1998 numbers are up by 20 percent.

through retail stores. In Atlanta, in addition. to 10 retail stores, the organization hosts the world's largest used book sale each February.
"We're keeping it out of the landfill," said Short "Ultimately, the best thing to do is find another way to use it again."
Some items accepted at Goodwill donation centers are recycled rather than reused. Books that cannot be sold are sent to a paper recycler. Clothing that doesn't sell is sent either overseas for reuse or to a textile recycler. Computers are often recycled as well.
Sale of all these items provides 50 percent of the funding for Goodwill programs. The used book sale alone brings in about $450,000.
Short estimates that less than 10 perc:ent of donations are completely unusable and end up as trash in a landfill.
Local governments join in
Local governments can partner with Goodwill to reduce their waste streams and support job training. Short is currently working directly

site is as simple as finding space-sometimes even as little as two parking spaces is sufficient. In return, centers may get increased trafficpeople who don't regularly recycle newspapers or beverage containers may donate clothes and householditems a couple of times a year. Goodwill will also help with promotion of the site.
Another advantage is that all trailers are staffed by Goodwill employees. Though the Goodwill employees can offer only limited assistance to recyclers of other items, their presence can change a simple drop-off site to a staffed collection center. Having a person on-site cuts down on illegal dumping and generally leads to cleaner areas.
Ifyour local government does not have a site. to locate a trailer, you might work with a retailer in your community to host a donation center. Goodwill will provide the same services for this site.
Ifyou are interested in hosting a permanent donation trailer or having a trailer placed for a temp9rary collection drive, contact the Goodwill office nearest you (see list at right).

Albany (912) 432-0551
Columbus (706) 324-4366
Macon (912) 746-7647 N. Georgia (Atlanta) (770) 233-9468
Savannah (912) 354-6611
Fast Facts About Textile Recycling*
The textile recycling industry removes 2.5 billion pounds of post consumer textile waste from the waste stream each year, or 10 pounds for every person in the U.S.
There are actually about 8.75 billion pounds of post consumer textile waste created annually in our country-about 35 pounds per person.
About 500 million pounds of this are used by the collecting agency. The remainder is sold to textile recyclers, including used clothing dealers and exporters, wiping rag graders, and fiber recyclers.
Textile recyclers export 61 percent of their products.
*Provided by the Council for Textile Recycling

Goodwill is the largest with about 10 governments or

r.

recycler in the world, KAB affiliates that have

'

according to Marie Short, who placed donation trailers at

works in community their local recycling centers.

development for the Atlanta- Since the average donor

based organization. As she gives 75 pounds of materials,

shows off gaylord containers the trailers can be a very

filled with used books, clothes effective means of achieving

and household items, she significant waste reduction.

waves her arm. "All of this According to Short, the three

stuff could have been in the things collected at the trailers

landfill," she says, "but that are the biggest help to

instead, it's in our back room." local governments are textiles,

Goodwill diverts most of bulky items such as furniture,

these materials through reuse. and computers.

The organization collects

Hosting a donation col- Baled textiles await recycling at the Goodwill Industries ofNorth

donated items, then sells them lection trailer at a recycling Georgia warehouse in Atlanta.

7

THE WASTE STREAM JOURNAL WINTER 1999 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

KGB Affiliate Notes

Despite a daylong shower, Keep Atlanta Beautiful hosted a successful Scrap Tire Amnesty Day on November 14. Executive Director Verna Jones used the event to raise awareness of the problem communities throughout the city have with tire piles.
The event collected two tractor-trailer loads of tires, successfully attacking a problem that has plagued some of the neighborhoods for years. The affiliate also used the opportunity to hand out information about scrap tire disposal and a guide to code enforcement in Atlanta, including whom to contact for various violations.
Eleven Keep Atlanta Beautiful board members who volunteered throughout the day spearheaded the event An EPD Scrap Tire Recycling Grant helped to fund the program.
***
Karin Zarin was recently named Executive Director of Keep Sandy Springs/North Fulton Beautiful. A formerexecutive director of the Atlanta Clean City Commission, Zarin returned to the field of recycling and environmental education after 10 years as an educational trainer for IBM.
"Everything has changed so much that it is still very challenging," she said. "I feel like this is my calling. It is very exciting and it really doesn't feel like work because it's so much fun."
Zarin wasted no time getting started with her employment. After just two months on the job, she successfully coordinated an America Recycles Day race that was met with great enthusiasm. (See related story, page 12)
***

Other new kids on the KAB block include the following executive directors: Ann McDaniel of Keep AthensClarke County Beautiful, Liz Tannhauser of Keep Bainbridge-Decatur County Beautiful, Deborah Lee of Keep LowndesValdosta Beautiful, Bonnie Lantz of Keep Roswell Beautiful, and Jean Norman of Pickens Citizens for a Clean Community.
***
Speaking of new kids on the block, stephens County has joined Keep America Beautiful by recently becoming a pre-certified affiliate. The program is actively seeking its certification.

Beautiful, First Place - KAB Affiliate/Population 75,001150,000 Gwinnett Clean and Beautiful, First Place - KAB Affiliate/ Population 500,0011,000,000

***

Congratulations

are also in

order for

Tenneco

Packaging in

Covington.

Tenneco was

awarded first-

place

rn

KAB's Reduce, Reuse,

Recycle category for

businesses. Finally, our own

Keep Georgia Beautiful

deserves kudos for its second-

place finish among the KAB

state affiliates. All received

recogmtlon for their

achievements at the 45th Keep

America Beautiful Awards

Luncheon in Washington, DC,

on December 5.

By the Numbers Fiscal Year 1998
Keep Georgia Beautiful and Local KAB Affiliates

7

Awards Received by

Georgia Affiliates at

KAB's Annual

Conference

9

Dollars Returned for

Every Dollar

Expended by

Government

15,316 Community Presentations

325,091 Volunteers Involved

180 Teachers Who Received Training on KAB 's Environmental Curricula

17,000 Students Impacted by the 180 Teachers

634

School Presentations

Made

70,267 Students Readied at the Presentations

***

+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Congratulations are in

KGB Preparing to Give Awards

order for a number of

affiliates that recently won

Award applications are serve as a public relations

awards from Keep America arriving daily, as local effort in advertising the life

Beautiful:

governments, schools, busi- and vitality evident in 4-H.

Keep Covington/Newton

nesses and nonprofits try to It has served this purpose

Beautiful, Second Place -

meet the January 19 deadline well, having performed

Litter Prevention/

and win a coveted Keep before legislative, business

Government Agency

Georgia Beautiful award.

and civic leaders throughout

Keep Columbus Beautiful,

Meanwhile, Keep Georgia Georgia.

Distinguished Service Citation - Litter Prevention/ Government Agency Gwinnett Clean and Beautiful, First Place - Reduce, Reuse, Recycle/Non-Profit . Keep Roberta/Crawford Beautiful, Second Place KAB Affiliate/Population 130,000 Keep Smyrna Beautiful, Distinguished Service Citation - KAB Affiliate/ Population 30,001-75,000 Keep Albany-Dougherty

Beautiful staff members are preparing for the annual awards luncheon, to be held at the Georgia World Congress Center on March 18. In addition to the awards presentations, attendees will be treated to a performance by Georgia 4-H Clover's and Company.
Clover's and Company has been entertaining state and national audiences since 1981. It was established to

The show staff is a combination of volunteers and Extension professionals. More than a hundred youth audition for the show each year, and only 32 are selected to perform.
Luncheon invitations will be mailed in February. To receive an invitation or to ask questions about the awards program, please contact DCA's Rhonda Koplin (see page 10).

8

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS
Spotlight on Sludge
Planning, Management and Education Key to Success

Talk about being ahead of However, the end product and open lines of or rear discharge lime

their time.

must be packaged and communication."

spreader.

Since 1960, the Macon marketed, adding significant Perhaps that is why the Before application, farmers

Water Authority has recycled costs to the process.

Authority's land application must adjust the pH of the soil

biosolids-an idea that many Direct land application is program has thrived. It has to ensure safe levels of plant

local governments and arguably more efficient and been committed to both strong nutrient availability. Besides

authorities are only now economical. The Macon public education and environ- soil pH levels, additional

considering. The program Water Authority estimates an mentaHy safe practices.

information must be

safely keeps up to 5,000 dry annual savings of a half Informing and educating determined by the Authority

tons of processed sludge out million dollars. For farmers, local government officials, before nitrogen-rich organic

of landfills annually and adds the avoided costs of county extension agents, materials can be safely

nutrients to area farms.

applied. These include

Biosolids, also known as

biosolid nutrient content

treated sludge, are produced

(particularly nitr9gen:,

from the treatment of

phosphorus and metals),

municipal wastewater. Biosolids must be subjected to

nutrient uptake by crops, soil nutrient concentrations, and

digestion and dewatering .

site hydrologic char-

processes that remove

acteristics. Based on this

methane gas, other organics,

information, acceptable

and water to produce a stable,

application volumes can be

humus-like solid material

determined.

unlike raw sludge. Biosolids

By carefully monitoring the

are classified as a solid waste

soils, the Authority is able to

under Resource Conservation

manage nutrient levels

and Recovery Act regulations.

appropriately to avoid

Historically, the primary

negative impacts on water

management method for biosolids has been landfilling; however, land application on

Macon Water Authority staffmembers apply biosolids to a Houston County cow pasture.

quality and crop growth. As a result, demand for recycled biosolids has far exceeded the

agricultural and timber

supply.

production lands is gaining attention as a viable management option. Benefits of land application include returning nutrients to the soil and increasing organic matter levels in the soil. This significantly improves fertility and physical characteristics of the soil.
In 1998, over five million dry tons of biosolids were produced in the U.S from

fertilization and liming are valued at more than $150 per acre.
Unfortunately, poor public image and lack of community support could ultimately lead to the demise of land .application as a primary method of biosolid recycling. Only through education and proactive community relations can land application programs be successful over time.

farmers and citizens on the benefits of land application is an important aspect of the Macon program. Staff members use videos, informational brochures and on-site visits to educate their audiences.
The Authority also relies on its conscientious and responsible operations to speak for themselves.
The biosolids are produced at the Authority's two major

The Authority currently holds EPD land application permits belonging to 25 individual farmers. Permitted sites are located as far as 30 miles from Macon; however, the Authority strives to serve its local customers before transporting their product to adjacent counties.
"Modern wastewater treatment plants do an

I:

municipal wastewater treat-

"An individual makes a wastewater treatment facili- excellent job at treating and

ment operations. In addition judgment concerning your ties, which serve Bibb County processing the municipal

to land application, muni- land application operation citizens and local industries. waste stream and converting

cipalities have .other biosolid based on theirknowledge and The nutrient-rich biosolids are residual wastewater solids

recycling options available, trust of your program," said delivered to pastures and into a safe and effective

such as composting, heat Bryan Wagoner of the Macon croplands through a con- nutrient amendment,"

drying and pelletizing, which Water Authority. "It is very tractual agreement at no cost Wagoner said. "It is the

convert the sludge into a soil important to maintain both of to the farmers. They are human perception of these

amendment for use in home these attributes through good applied using specialized processes----,not the science

gardens and landscaping. management practices vehicles equipped with a side -that is lagging behind."

9

THE WASTE STREAM JOURNAL WINTER 1999 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

THE WASTE STREAM JOURNAL
is published quarterly by the Georgia Department of Community Affairs. Funding for this publication is provided by the Georgia Solid Waste Trust Fund.
We welcome any comments, criticisms or suggestions for future editions. News releases are welcome. We can't guarantee we will publish all releases, but we do wish to report significant waste reduction news from the state and the region.
Please send releases and correspondence to:
Editor The Waste Stream Journal Georgia Department of Community Affairs 60 Executive Park South, NE Atlanta, Georgia 30329-2231 (404) 679-4853 (404) 679-0646 (FAX) dthomas@dca.state.ga.us
Check Out :r:::x='..A:s Web Site
www.dca.state.ga.us
& KEEP GEORGIA BEAUTIFUL' s Web Site
www.KeepGeorgiaBeautiful.org

DCA Solid Waste Assistance

RICK BROOKS

Director, Planning & Environmental Management Division ....... (404) 679-0608

RoBINMEYER

Director, Office of Waste Management ......................................... (404) 679-4816

LYNN COBB

Manager, Keep Georgia Beautiful ...........................:..................... (404) 679-4910

DAVID THOMAS Manager, Waste Reduction Program .... :........................................ (404) 679-4853

RACHEL COCHRAN Program Coordinator ....................................................................: (404) 679-4998 SWM Technical Assistance (Yard Trimmings Diversion, Full Cost Accounting, Variable Rates, etc.), Solid Waste Planning

RENITA DAVIS

Program Coordinator ..................................................................... (404) 679-4922 SWM Technical Assistance, SW Public Information, SW Annual Report, The Waste Stream Journal

BONNIE FRYER

Consultant and GHEP Project Coordinator ...........,....................... (404) 679-1598 Waste Reduction Assistance for Hospitality Industry

PATTI INSINNA

Program Assistant .......................................................................... (404) 679-1739

RHONDA KOPLIN Program Coordinator ..................................................................... (404) 679-3152 Education Training, Keep Georgia Beautiful

KAREN SABATINI State Recycling Coordinator .......................................................... (404) 679-3161 SWM Technical Assistance (Recycling, Variable Rates, Buy Recycled)

DAVID SMITH

Program Coordinator ..................................................................... (404) 679-3144 Special [Jrojects (Christmas Tree Recycling, Statewide Litter Reduction Camp(lign, Home Composting), Keep Georgia Beautiful

BERENICE THOMAS Secretary ...................................................................................... (404) 679-3142

PATRICK VICKERS Sr. Information Specialist, Office of Research and Analysis ........ (404) 679-3151 SWM Survey and Full Cost Report

You may compose any DCA employee's e-mail address by using his/her first initial and last name (up to eight characters total) followed by "@dca.state.ga.us".

DCA's .Office of Waste Management extends a special goodbye to Renita Davis .who has been the editor of The Waste Stream Journal. We will miss her!

CALENDAR OF EVENTS
~611@1;~
9 Bring One for the Chipper 13 SWANA 101h Annual Recycling Symposium, Seattle, wash.
!(H1!Q!M;~

ACRONYMS COMMONLY USED IN
THE WASTE STREAM JOURNAL

812 KAB Institute for Executive Directors, Athens 23 Pay-AsYouThrow Conference, Athens

C&D Construction and Demolition

283/2 southeast Recycling Conference &Trade Show, Perdido Beach, Ala.

DCA Georgia Department of Community Affairs DNR Georgia Department of Natural Resources

!1'rnJR~u

DOT Georgia Department of Transportation

s.c. 1012 Carolina Recycling coalition 91h Annual Conference &Trade Show & 4th Annual southeast Green Building conference, Myrtle Beach,

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

18 KGB Awards Luncheon, Atlanta

EPD Georgia Environmental Protection Division (DNR) GEFA Georgia Environmental Facilities Authority GHEP Georgia Hospitality Environmental Partnership (DCA) KAB Keep America Beautiful, Inc.

-TBA Georgia Conservancy Annual Meeting
TBA Red Clay Conference

.~'

MRF Materials Recovery Facility

1725 Peachy Clean Week

MSW Municipal Solid Waste 22
P2AD Georgia Pollution Prevention Assistance Division (DNR)

Earth Day

.l,

RDC Regional Development Center

25 National Litter Bag Day

SWM Solid Waste Management

2830 SWANA Georgia Chapter Spring Conference, Helen

10

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - GEORGIA DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNITY AFFAIRS

COMMUNITY NEWS Public r&TALKIN' TRASH from page 1

P lease let us know what is happening in your community. Send your brief submissions (100 words or less) to: Editor, The Waste Stream Journal, Georgia Department of Community Affairs,.60 Executive Park South, NE, Atlanta, Georgia 30329 or fax them to us at (404) 679-0646. You may also give David Thomas your community news at (404) 679-4853 or dthomas@dca.state.ga. us;
Griffin The Pine Ridge Regional Landfill recently made a - - - $10;000 donation to Keep Griffin/Spalding Beautiful.
The Keep America Beautiful affiliate will use the funds to finance a planting project with the countis 11 elementary schools. Second and fourth graders across the county will plant 500 trees and shrubs on school grounds as they are learning about plants in their classrooms. The remainder of the funds will be used on beautification projects for parks and roadways undertaken jointly with several civic organizations.
Pine Ridge Regional Landf1ll is also supplying and servicing recycling containers for two manned recycling convenience centers that recently opened in the county. The company will haul materials to Barnesville for recycling.
Mark Allen and Jeff Gaker (left) ofPine Ridge Regional Landfill presented $10,000 to Keep Griffin/Spalding Beautiful in October. Chairman Ivan Betz accepted the check on behalfofthe organization.
Hartwell The City of Hartwell's Sanitation Department met a - - - City Council ultimatum to become self-sufficient within a year or face privatization. They did it by improving collection routes, reducing personnel and increasing commercial

would be a black rock-like material suitable for road aggregate .. According to a Waste News report, City of Dahlonega officials are opposed to the $5 million plasma-arc torch technology.
***
Tired of sweeping up Christmas tree needles yet? Georgia residents are expected to recycle 300,000 trees through Keep Georgia Beautiful's Bring One for the Chipper program on January 9. Trees will be collected at 392 sites in 123 communities. In the eight years since the program went statewide, more than 2 million trees have been collected and recycled.
***
Composters unite! A group is forming to promote composting and the use of compost in the state. The Georgia Composting Association is in the process of securing not-for-profit status and writing by-laws. It is open to government agencies, businesses and individuals interested in composting. Ifyou would like to participate, call David Bloyer at (706) 6133487.
***
The last issue of The Waste

fire, leading to concerns among industry leaders regarding practices for handling large quantities of storm debris.
***
President Clinton signed a new buy recycled executive order in September, beefing up the 1993 policy. The new order calls on federal agencies to set recycling goals and mandates that procurement agencies handle only printing and writing paper with minimum recycled content levels. Because the new order creates a steering committee to oversee implementation and directs EPA to monitor compliance, many observers are optimistic that it will be more effective than the previous policy, according to Waste News.
***
DCA will complete a guidance document called "Updating the Short Term Work Program of the Solid Waste Management Plan" in January. Sixty-eight local governments have updates due in 1999. Copies will be mailed to all local governments and. RDCs. For more information, contact DCA's Rachel Cochran (see page 10).
***

rates slightly while giving those customers an incentive to recycle, Stream Journal gave local The GrassRoots Recycling

according to Dean Carruth, sanitation superintendent. In 1996 governments several things to Network, based in Athens, has

~

the department operated at a deficit, and it now operates solely think about in planning for been awarded two grants,

from revenue generated by garbage rates. The City now recycles waste disposal after a natural according to Resource

office paper, cardboard, oil, tires, leaves, brush, Christmas trees disaster. Here are two more: Recycling. Totalling $130,000,

and sewage sludge-a total of 1,950 tons per year.

North Carolina local govern- the grants were awarded by the

ments and waste haulers found Turner Foundation, based in

Sumter Ribbon-cutting ceremonies for the Keep Sumter County Beautiful Regional Grow~Out Center are planned
for January. The building is of geodesic design, comprised of domes arranged in a geocluster. The 6,000-square-foot facility will contain the office of Keep Sumter Beautiful, a butterfly conservatory, and an educational facility for classes and seminars. Located on 13-acres, the site will

that the power outages after Hurricane Bonnie caused massive food spoilage in grocery stores, restaurants and residences. The resulting heavy, food-laden rolloff containers were difficult to lift, required

Atlanta, and the Florence and John Schumann Foundation, based in Montclair, New Jersey. The grants will help. the organization develop a national Zero Waste Campaign and "place pressure on companies

a also have a recycling center, composting demonstration site,
a tree farm, an organic vegetable garden and a potting facility.
A GEFA grant helped to fund the project.

more time to service and caused equipment breakdowns. In Atlanta, storm debris stockpiled after the spring tornado caught

to reduce waste, assume product responsibility and design recycling-friendly packaging."

t!'
~
I,

11

THE WASTE STREAM JOURNAL WINTER 1999 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sandy Springs Keeps Recyclers Running at ARD Event

Keep Sandy Springs and North Fulton Beautiful celebrated America Recycles Day (ARD) by hosting the TR2 Road Race: "The Race to Recycle." The SK and one-mile fun run started at North Springs United Methodist Church and continued along the Chattahoochee River.
Over 160 runners and volunteers participated in this first-ever event and hundreds more are expected next year, according to Karin Zarin, executive director of Keep Sandy Springs and North Fulton Beautiful.
"The name of the race has a double meaning," Zarin said. "It's a foot race, but we're also in a race to help heal the planet. We're targeting an audience that cares about their health and well-being, and they generally care about the environment, too."
The event was truly a community effort. Spalding Drive Elementary School built a "recycled robot and dog" made from steel, and Crabapple Middle School in Roswell had a tennis-shoe drive, donating old shoes for Nike to recycle into playground equipment and new shoes.

In addition to the road race, Morgan Falls Recycling Center provided stations for people to drop off non-hazardous materials. Goodwill Industries collected clothing and household items, and Georgia Power provided free rides in their electric vehicle. The Georgia Soft Drink Association provided beverages, and many recycling vendors displayed their products and offered recycled-content give-aways.
"We want people to become savvy consumers and become more aware of what to look for when buying recycled products," said Zarin.
Awards and prizes included a Patagonia jacket made from PET bottles and glass "sculptures" courtesy of GDS, a glass recycler. Participants also signed pledge cards and were entered in the national drawing for the $200,000 American Green Dream Home.
"I thi.nk this event really opened peoples' eyes about buying recycled materials and closing the loop. ARD is a great campaign and I'm glad we were given the opportunity to help educate

people about the importance of recycling," said Zarin.
Karin Zarin ofKeep Sandy Springs and North Fulton Beautiful gives a pat on the back to TR2, a recycled-materials robot created by Spalding Drive Elementary School students.

THE WASTE STREAM JOURNAL
Georgia Department of Community Affairs
60 Executive Park South, NE Atlanta, GA 30329-2231
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If you are disabled and would like to receive this publication in an alternative format, please contact the: Georgia Department of Community Affairs at (404) 679-4915 or 1 (800) 736-1155 (TDD).
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12

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