Community Art in Atlanta, 1977-1987

Suggested Readings

African American and Georgia Culture and History | Community Arts Projects | Performing Arts | Visual Arts | Literature

African American and Georgia Culture and History

• Appiah, K. Anthony and Henry Louis Gates, Jr., eds. Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 1999.
• Bayor, Ronald H. Race and the Shaping of Twentieth-Century Atlanta. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1996.
• Brignano, Russell C. Black Americans in Autobiography: An Annotated Bibliography of Autobiographies and Autobiographical Books Written Since the Civil War. Durham, N. C.: Duke University Press, 1984.
• Bullard, Robert D. In Search of the New South: The Black Urban Experience in the 1970s and 1980s. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1989.
• Colburn, David R. and Jeffrey S. Adler, eds. African-American Mayors: Race, Politics, and the American City. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2001.
• Collier-Thomas, Bettye and V. P. Franklin, eds. Sisters in the Struggle: African American Women in the Civil Rights-Black Power Movement. New York: New York University Press, 2001.
• Crenshaw, Kimberlé, ed. Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings That Formed the Movement. New York: New Press. Distributed by W. W. Norton & Co., 1995.
• Cruse, Harold. The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual. New York: William Morrow and Co., 1967.
• Dent, Thomas C. Southern Journey: A Return to the Civil Rights Movement. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 2001.
• Fairclough, Adam. To Redeem The Soul of America: The Southern Christian Leadership Conference and Martin Luther King, Jr. Second printing. Athens, Ga. and London: University of Georgia Press, 2001.
• Gates, Henry Louis, Jr., and Cornel West. The African-American Century: How Black Americans Have Shaped Our Country. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2002.
• Gayle, Addison, Jr. The Black Aesthetic. New York: Bantam Dell Pub Group, 1972.
• George, Nelson. Post-Soul Nation: The Explosive, Contradictory, Triumphant and Tragic 1980s as Experienced by African-Americans (Previously Known as Blacks, and Before That, Negroes). New York: Viking Penguin, 2004.
• Goings, Kenneth W. and Raymond A. Mohl, eds. The New African American Urban History. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage Publications, 1996.
• Grant, Donald L. The Way It Was in the South: The Black Experience in Georgia. Secaucus, N. J.: Carol Publishing Group, 1993.
• Guinier, Lani. Lift Every Voice: Turning A Civil Rights Setback into a New Vision of Social Justice. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998.
• Guide to Scholarly Journals in Black Studies. Introduction by Gerald A. McWorter. Chicago, Ill.: Chicago Center for Afro-American Studies and Research, 1981.
• Harmon, David Andrew. Beneath the Image of the Civil Rights Movement and Race Relations: Atlanta, Georgia, 1946-1981. New York: Garland Publishing, 1996.
• Helmreich, William B. Afro-Americans and Africa: Black Nationalism at the Crossroads. Special Bibliographic Series, African Bibliographic Center. New series, no. 3. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1977.
• Hornsby, Alton. Chronology of African American History: From 1492 to the Present. Detroit: Gale Research, 1997.
• _____. Death and Remembrance in the African American South: The Transition of Mayor Maynard Holbrook Jackson Jr. (forthcoming).
• Hull, Gloria T., Patricia Bell Scott, and Barbara Smith, eds. All the Women are White, All the Blacks are Men, But Some of Us Are Brave: Black Women's Studies. The Feminist Press, 1982.
• Keating, Larry. Atlanta: Race, Class, and Urban Expansion. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2001.
• Library of Congress. A Small Nation of People: W. E. B. DuBois and African American Portraits of Progress. With essays by David Levering Lewis and Deborah Willis. New York: Amistad, 2003.
• Mabunda, L. Mpho. Reference Library of Black America. Detroit: Gale Research, 1997.
• Marable, Manning. The Great Wells of Democracy: The Meaning of Race in American Life. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2002.
• Mason, Herman. Politics, Civil Rights, and Law in Black Atlanta, 1870-1970. Charleston, S. C.: Arcadia Publishing, 2000.
• McWorter, Gerald A. The African American Experience in Cyberspace: A Resource Guide to the Best Websites on Black Culture and History. London and Sterling, Va.: Pluto, 2004.
• Pomerantz, Gary M. Where Peachtree Meets Sweet Auburn: A Saga of Race and Family. New York: Penguin Books, 1997.
• Salzman, Jack, ed. African-American Culture and History: A Student's Guide. Detroit: Gale Group, 2000.
• Stone, Clarence N. Regime Politics: Governing Atlanta, 1946-1988. Lawrence, Kans.: University Press of Kansas, 1989.
• Tuck, Stephen G. N. Beyond Atlanta: The Struggle For Racial Equality in Georgia, 1940-1980. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 1987. Reprint, 2001.
• Van Deburg, William L. New Day Babylon: The Black Power Movement and American Culture: 1965-1975. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1992.
• Warren, Nagueyalti. "Pan-African Cultural Movements: From Baraka to Karenga." The Journal of Negro History 75, no. 1/2 (1990): 16-28.
• West, Cornel. Restoring Hope: Conversations on the Future of Black America: A Project of the Obsidian Society. Edited by Kelvin Shawn Sealey. Boston: Beacon Press, 1997.
• X, Malcolm. The Speeches of Malcolm X at Harvard. Edited with an introductory essay by Archie Epps. New York: William Morrow and Co., 1968.
• Zangrando, Joanna Schneider and Robert L. Zangrando. "Black Protest: A Rejection of the American Dream." Journal of Black Studies 1 (December 1970): 141-59.

Community Arts Projects

• Beardsley, John and Andy Leon Harney. Art in Public Places: A Survey of Community-Sponsored Projects Supported by the National Endowment for the Arts. Washington, D.C.: Partners for Livable Places, 1981.
• Becker, Carol, ed. The Subversive Imagination: Artists, Society, and Social Responsibility. New York: Routledge, 1994.
• Boris, Elizabeth T. and Eugene Steuerle. Nonprofits and Government: Collaboration and Conflict. Washington, D.C.: Urban Institute Press, 1999.
• Braden, Sue. Artists and People. London and Boston: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978.
• Cleveland, William. Art in Other Places: Artists at Work in America's Community and Social Institutions. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 1992.
• Cultural Policy and the Arts National Data Archive (CPANDA). [Electronic data archive.] http://www.cpanda.org
• Felshin, Nina, ed. But Is It Art? The Spirit of Art as Activism. Seattle: Bay Press, 1995.
• Finkelpearl, Tom. Dialogues in Public Art: Interviews. With Vito Acconci, et al. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2000.
• Golden, Joseph. Pollyanna in the Brier Patch: The Community Arts Movement. Syracuse, N. Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1987.
• Harris, Stacy Paleologos, ed. Insights/ On Sites: Perspectives on Art in Public Places . Supported by Visual Arts Program, National Endowment for the Arts. Washington, D.C.: Partners for Livable Places, 1984.
• London, Peter. Step Outside: Community-Based Art Education. Foreword by David W. Baker. Portsmouth, N. H.: Heinemann, 1994.
• Lovelace, Alice. "It Was A Time of Hope--It Was A Time of Challenge." In High Performance 16, no. 4 (1993): 53-54.
• Miller, M. Sammye. "The National Endowment for the Humanities: A Selected Bibliography for Two Years of Funded Projects on the Black Experience, 1977-1978."The Journal of Negro History 66, no. 1 (1983): 59-79.
• New York Foundation for the Arts. NYFA Source: A Directory for Artists.[Electronic resource]. http://www. nyfa.org
• Ozlu, Nina, with Claudia Goldman. HUD: Integrating the Arts into Community Development and Revitalization. Washington, D.C.: National Assembly of Local Arts Agencies, 1994.
• Pearson, Jason. University-Community Design Partnerships: Innovations in Practice. Washington, D.C. and New York: National Endowment for the Arts and the Richard H. Driehaus Foundation. Distributed by Princeton Architectural Press, 2002.
• Porter, Robert, ed. The Arts and City Planning. New York: American Council for the Arts, 1980.
• Schwartz, Myra E. An Annotated Bibliography on Art in Public Places. Monticello, Ill.: Vance Bibliographies, 1984.
• Semmes, Clovis E. "The Dialectics of Cultural Survival and the Community Artist: Phil Cohran and the Afro-Arts Theater." Journal of Black Studies 24, no. 4 (1994): 447-461.
• The Urban Institute. Investing in Creativity: A Study of the Support Structure for U. S. Artists [Report from the Culture, Creativity and Communities Program of the Urban Institute]. [Electronic resource]. Washington, D.C.: The Urban Institute, 2002. https://www.urban.org/research/publication/investing-creativity
• Walker, Christopher and Mark Weinheimer. Community Development in the 1990s. [Electronic resource]. Washington, D.C., The Urban Institute, 1998. http://www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=307552
• Webster, Mark. Community Arts Workers: Dreaming for Real.
• Woodley, Jenny. Art for Equality: The NAACP’s Cultural Campaign for Civil Rights. Civil Rights and the Struggle for Black Equality in the Twentieth Century. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2014.
• Nottingham, England: Educational Heretics Press, 1997.
  Zeigler, Joseph Wesley. Arts in Crisis: The National Endowment for the Arts Versus America. Pennington, N. J.: A Cappella Books, 1994.
• Zorach, Rebecca. Art for People’s Sake?: Artists and Community in Black Chicago, 1965-1975. Durham: Duke University Press, 2019.

Performing Arts

• Anderson, Addell Austin. The Black Theatre Directory. Compiled by the Black Theatre Network. 2nd ed. Detroit, MI: Black Theatre Network, 1993.
• Anderson, Lisa M. Mammies No More: The Changing Image of Black Women on Stage and Screen. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 1997.
• Arata, Esther Spring and Nicholas John Rotoli. Black American Playwrights, 1800 to the Present: A Bibliography. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 1976.
• Baraka, Amiri. Black Music. New York: William Morrow and Co., 1967.
• Baskerville, John D. "Free Jazz: A Reflection of Black Power Ideology." Journal of Black Studies 24, no. 4 (1994): 484-497.
• _____. The Impact of Black Nationalist Ideology on American Jazz Music of the 1960s and 1970s. Lewiston, N. Y.: Edwin Mellen Press.
• Benston, Kimberly W. Performing Blackness: Enactments of African American Modernism. London and New York: Routledge, 2000.
• Bloom, Harold, ed. Black American Women Poets and Dramatists. Philadelphia, Chelsea House, 1996.
• Brasmer, William and Dominick Consolo, eds. Black Drama: An Anthology. Charles E. Merrill, 1990.
• Burnim, Mellonee V., and Portia K. Maultsby. African American Music: An Introduction. New York: Routledge, 2006.
• DeVeaux, Scott. "Constructing the Jazz Tradition: Jazz Historiography." Black American Literature Forum 25, no. 3 (1991): 525-560.
• Emery, Lynne Fauley, ed. Black Dance: From 1619 to Today. Reprint, new chapter by Brenda Dixon-Stowell; foreword by Katherine Dunham. Princeton, N. J.: Princeton Book Co., 1988.
• Fabre, Genevieve. Drumbeats, Masks and Metaphors: Contemporary Afro-American Theatre. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1983.
• Gaven, Christy, ed. African American Women Playwrights: A Research Guide. New York: Garland, 1999.
• Hamalian, Leo, and James V. Hatch, eds. The Roots of African American Drama: An Anthology of Early Plays, 1858-1938. Foreword by George C. Wolfe. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1991.
• Harrison, Paul Carter, ed. Kunta Drama: Plays of the African Continuum. New York: Grove Press, 1973.
• Jones, LeRoi [Amiri Baraka]. Blues People: Negro Music in White America. New York: Quill/ William Morrow and Co. Reprint, with a new foreword by the author, 1999.
• _____. "The Crisis of Black Theatre Identity." African American Review 31, no. 4 (1997): 567-568.
• Hatch, James V. and Ted Shine, eds. Black Theatre U. S. A.: Plays by African Americans from 1847 to Today. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996.
• Hay, Samuel A. African American Theatre: An Historical and Critical Analysis. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
• Kirchner, Bill, ed. The Oxford Companion to Jazz. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
• King, Woodie. The Impact of Race: Theatre and Culture. New York: Applause Theatre and Cinema Books, 2003.
• Long, Richard A. and J. Nash. The Black Tradition in American Dance. New York: Rizzoli, 1989.
• Maultsby, Portia K. "Soul Music: Its Sociological and Political Significance in American Popular Culture." Journal of Popular Culture 17 (Fall 1983): 51-60.
• Perkins, Kathy A., ed. Black Female Playwrights: An Anthology of Plays before 1950. Bloomington, Ind. Indiana University Press, 1989.
• _____. and Roberta Uno, eds. Contemporary Plays by Women of Color. New York: Routledge, 1995.
• Peterson, Bernard L. Early Black American Playwrights and Dramatic Writers: A Biographical Directory and Catalog of Plays, Films, and Broadcasting Scripts. Westport, Conn., Greenwood Press, 1990.
• Thomas, Lorenzo. "'Classical Jazz' and the Black Arts Movement." African American Review 29 (Summer 1995): 237-40.
• Ward, Brian. Just My Soul Responding: Rhythm and Blues, Black Consciousness, and Race Relations. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998.
• Watkins, Mel, ed. African American Humor: The Best Black Comedy from Slavery to Today. Foreword by Dick Gregory. Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 2002.
• Wernes, Craig Hansen. A Change is Gonna Come: Music, Race and the Soul of America. New York: Plume, 1998.
• Williams, Dana A. Contemporary African American Female Playwrights. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1998.
• Williams, Mance. Black Theatre in the 1960s and 1970s: A Historical-Critical Analysis of the Movement. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985.
• Young, Harvey. The Cambridge Companion to African American Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Visual Arts

• Alexander, Jim. Duke and Other Legends: Jazz Photographs. Atlanta: Blackwood Press, 1988.
• Bearden, Romare and Harry Henderson. A History of African-American Artists: From 1792 to the Present. New York: Pantheon Books, 1993.
• Blount, Marcellus and Cunningham, George P., eds. Representing Black Men. New York: Routledge, 1996.
• Colbert, Soyica Diggs. Black Movements: Performance and Cultural Politics. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 2017.
• Dent, Gina, ed. Black Popular Culture: A Project by Michele Wallace, Seattle: Bay Press, 1992.
• Diawara, Manthia. "The Absent One: The Avant-Garde and the Black Imaginary in Looking for Langston." Wide Angle 13 (1991): 3-4.
• _____. and Sonia Boyce. "The Art of Identity: A Conversation Between Sonia Boyce and Manthia Diawara." Transition. New York: Oxford University Press, no. 55 (1992) reprinted in: Black British Cultural Studies, A Reader. Houston A. Baker, Jr., Manthia Diawara, and Ruth H. Lindeborg, eds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996.
• Donaldson, Jeff. "The Role We Want for Black Art." College Board Review 71 (Spring 1969): 15-18.
• Driskell, David C. Two Centuries of Black American Art (exhibition). Catalog notes by Leonard Simon. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1976.
• _____., ed. African American Visual Aesthetics: A Postmodernist View. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995.
• _____. The Other Side of Color: African American Art in the Collection of Camille O. and William H. Cosby, Jr. With introductions by Camille O. Cosby and William H. Cosby, Jr. San Francisco: Pomegranate, 2001.
• duCille, Anne. "Postcoloniality and Afrocentricity: Discourse and Dat Course." In Black Columbiad: Defining Moments in African American Literature and Culture, Werner Sollors and Maria Deidrich, eds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994.
• Dunkley, Tina Maria, and Jerry Cullum. In the Eye of the Muses?: Selections from the Clark Atlanta University Art Collection. Atlanta: Clark Atlanta University, 2012.
• Enwezor, Okwui. "Social Grace: The Work of Lorna Simpson." Third Text 35 (Summer 1996): 43-58.
• Ferguson, Russell; Martha Gever; Trinh T. Minh-ha; and Cornel West, eds. Out There: Marginalization And Contemporary Cultures. New York and Cambridge: New Museum of Contemporary Art and MIT Press, 1990.
• Fusco, Coco, and Brian Wallis, eds. Only Skin Deep: Changing Visions of the American Self. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 2003.
• Gaines, Jane. "White Privilege and Looking Relations: Race and Gender in Feminist Film Theory." Screen 29, no. 4 (Autumn 1998): 12-27.
• Golden, Thelma. Black Male: Representations of Masculinity in Contemporary American Art. Preface by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. New York: Whitney Museum of American Art: Distributed by Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 1994.
• Henderson, Mae Gwendolyn. "Rethinking Black (Cultural) Studies. Part 1: Introduction." Callaloo 19, no. 1 (1996): 55-93.
• Hooks, Bell. Art On My Mind: Visual Politics. New York: New Press. Distributed by W. W. Norton, 1995.
• _____. Outlaw Culture: Resisting Representations. New York: Routledge, 1994.
• Jones, Kellie, Thelma Golden and Chrissie Iles. Lorna Simpson. New York: Phaidon, 2002.
• Kirsh, Andrea and Susan Fisher Sterling. Carrie Mae Weems. Washington, D.C.: National Museum of Women in the Arts, 1994.
• Ligon,Glenn, Thelma Golden and Hilton Als. Glenn Ligon: Stranger. The Studio Museum in Harlem, 2001.
• Marable, Manning, Leith Mullings and Sophie Spencer-Wood, eds. Freedom: A Photographic History of the African American Struggle. London and New York: Phaidon, 2002.
• Mason, Herman. Hidden Treasures: African-American Photographers In Atlanta, 1870-1970. Atlanta: African-American Family History Association, Inc., 1991.
• Mercer, Kobena. Welcome to the Jungle: New Positions in Black Cultural Studies. New York: Routledge, 1994.
• _____. "Decolonisation and Disappointment: Reading Fanon's Sexual Politics." In The Fact of Blackness: Frantz Fanon and Visual Representation, Alan Read, ed. Seattle and London: Bay Press and The Institute of Contemporary Art (ICA), 1996.
• Mercer, Valerie. Twenty-Five Years of African-American Art. New York: Studio Museum in Harlem, 1994.
• Morgan, Jessica. Ellen Gallagher. With essays by Greg Tate and Robert Storr. Boston and New York: Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, in association with D. A. P./ Distributed Art Publishers, Inc., 2001
• Larry Neal, "The Social Background of the Black Arts Movement." Black Scholar 18 (1987): 11-22.
• Patton, Sharon F. African-American Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
• Piper, Adrian. "The Joy of Marginality." Art Papers 14, 4 (July-August 1990), 12-13. Reprinted in Ikon 12-13: The Nineties (1991-1992), 3-7.
• _____. "Two Kinds of Discrimination." Yale Journal of Criticism 6, 1 (1993), 25-74. Reprinted in Voicing Today's Visions: Writings by Contemporary Women Artists. Mara Witzling, ed. New York: Universe, 1994.
• Powell, Richard J. Black Art?: A Cultural History. New York: Thames & Hudson, 2003.
• Rembert, Winfred. Don't Hold Me Back: My Life and Art. Chicago: Cricket Books, 2003.
• Sirmans, Franklin. One Planet under a Groove: Hip Hop and Contemporary Art. Bronx, N.Y.: Bronx Museum of the Arts, 2001.
• Vlach, John M. The Afro-American Tradition in Decorative Arts. Cleveland, Oh.: Cleveland Museum of Art, 1978.
• Walker, Kara. Kara Walker: Narratives of a Negress. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2003.
• Wallace, Michele. Invisibility Blues: From Pop to Theory. London and New York: Verso, 1990.
• Willis, Deborah, ed. Picturing Us: African American Identity in Photography. New York: The New Press, 1994.
• _____. Reflections in Black: A History of Black Photographers, 1840 to the Present. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 2000.
• _____. "Down the Crossroads: The Art of Alison Saar." Callaloo 14, no. 1 (1991): 107-123. Originally published in Third Text no. 10 (Spring 1990).
• Worteck, Susan Willand. "Forever Free: Art by African-American Women. 1862-1980: An Exhibition." Feminist Studies 8, no. 1 (1982): 97-108.

Literature

• Aberjhani and Sandra L. West, eds. Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance. Foreword by Clement Alexander Price. New York: Facts On File, 2003.
• Andrews,William L., Frances Smith Foster, Trudier Harris, eds. The Oxford Companion to African American Literature. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.
• Bambara, Toni Cade. The Black Woman: An Anthology. New York: Signet/ New American Library, 1970.
• Bell, Bernard W. The Folk Roots of Contemporary Afro-American Poetry. Detroit: Broadside Press, 1974.
• Bigelow, Barbara Carlisle, ed. Contemporary Black Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1994.
• Bigsby, C. W. E., ed. The Second Harlem Renaissance: Essays in Black Criticism. Westport, Conn., Greenwood Press, 1980.
• Carroll, Rebecca, ed. I Know What The Red Clay Looks Like: The Voice and Vision of Black American Women Writers. New York: Crown Trade Paperbacks, 1994.
• Dent, Tom, ed. "Umbra Poets, 1980." Tom Dent, Lorenzo Thomas, Askia Muhammad Toure, David Henderson, Calvin Hernton, and Joe Johnson. Black American Literature Forum 14 (1980): 109-14.
• Draper, James. Black Literature Criticism: Excerpts from Criticism of the Most Significant Works of Black Authors over the Past 200 Years. 3 vols. Detroit: Gale, 1992.
• Ervin, Hazel Arnett. The Handbook of African American Literature. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2004.
• Gabbin, Joanne V. The Furious Flowering of African American Poetry. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1999.
• Gates, Henry Louis, Jr. Reading Black, Reading Feminist: A Critical Anthology. New York: Meridian Books, 1990.
• _____. and Nellie Y. McKay, eds. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., 2004.
• Graham, Maryemma, ed. Cambridge Companion To The African American Novel. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
• Graham, Maryemma, and Jerry Washington Ward. The Cambridge History of African American Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.
• Hill, Patricia Liggins, ed. Call and Response: The Riverside Anthology of the African American Literary Tradition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998.
• Honey, Maureen, ed. Shadowed Dreams: Women's Poetry of the Harlem Renaissance. New Brunswick, N. J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.
• Jones, LeRoi [Amiri Baraka] and Larry Neal, eds. Black Fire: An Anthology of Afro-American Writing. New York: William Morrow and Co., 1968.
• Jordan, Casper LeRoy, ed. A Bibliographical Guide to African-American Women Writers. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1993.
• Magill, Frank, ed. Masterpieces of African-American Literature. New York: Harper Collins, 1992.
• Muller, Lauren, ed. June Jordan's Poetry for the People: A Revolutionary Blueprint. New York: Routledge, 1995.
• Newman, Richard, Patrick Rael and Philip Lapsansky, eds. Pamphlets of Protest: An Anthology of Early African-American Protest Literature, 1790-1860. New York: Routledge, 2001.
• Powell, Kevin, ed. Step Into A World: A Global Anthology of the New Black Literature. New York: Wiley, 2000.
• Randall, Dudley. Broadside Memories: Poets I Have Known. Detroit: Broadside Press, 1975.
• Reid, Margaret Ann. Black Protest Poetry: Polemics From The Harlem Renaissance and the Sixties. Foreword by Nikki Giovanni. New York: Peter Lang, 2001.
• Rowell, Charles Henry, ed. Making "Callaloo:" Twenty-Five Years of Black Literature. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2002.
• Sherman, Joan Rita, ed. Collected Black Women's Poetry. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.
• Smith, David Lionel. "Chicago Poets, OBAC, and the Black Arts Movement." In The Black Columbiad: Defining Moments in African American Literature and Culture. Werner Sollors and Maria Diedrich, eds. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994, 253-61.
• Thomas, Lorenzo. "The Shadow World: New York's Umbra Workshop and Origins of the Black Arts Movement." Callaloo 4 (October 1978): 53-72.
• Turner, Darwin T. "Introductory Remarks about the Black Literary Tradition in the United States of America." Black American Literature Forum 12 (Winter 1978): 140-147.