{"response":{"docs":[{"id":"nge_ngen_judaism-and-jews","title":"Judaism and Jews","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Cooksey, Elizabeth B."],"dc_date":["2007-11-30"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about Judaism and Jews in Georgia. Historian Ralph Melnick has written that \"nearly everything one concludes from a study of Southern Jewry has its opposite that is equally true. . . . Nearly everywhere and in nearly everything some Jew has played a part. But it has been a marginal role.\" The Jewish experience in Georgia has been no exception to this pattern. Since the inception of Georgia, Jews have at times played a central part in the development of the state, but they also have largely been considered outsiders.","GSE identifier: SS8H2"],"dc_format":["text/html"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["Judaism--Georgia","Jews--Georgia","Synagogues--Georgia","Rabbis--Georgia","Congregation Mickve Israel (Savannah, Ga.)","Architecture, Jewish--Georgia","Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Judaism and Jews"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/judaism-and-jews/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: \"ARTICLE TITLE,\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved [date]: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org."],"dlg_local_right":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_ministers-manifesto","title":"Ministers' Manifesto","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, 32.75042, -83.50018"],"dcterms_creator":["Hatfield, Edward A."],"dc_date":["2007-10-12"],"dcterms_description":null,"dc_format":["text/html"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Arts \u0026 Culture›Religion›Events \u0026 Movements, History \u0026 Archaeology›Civil Rights \u0026 Modern Georgia, Since 1945›Mid- to Late 20th Century Topics||SS8H11"],"dcterms_subject":["Ministers' Manifesto","Out of conviction: A Second Statement on the South's Racial Crisis","Atlanta Christian Council","Clergy--Georgia--Atlanta","Rabbis--Georgia--Atlanta","Georgia. 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National Guard","Soldiers--Arkansas","Freedom of speech--Georgia","Prayer--Georgia","Atlanta Public Schools","Public schools--Georgia--Atlanta","Public schools--Arkansas--Little Rock","School closings--Georgia","School closings--Southern States","Mobs--Arkansas--Little Rock","Press conferences--Washington (D.C.)","Atlanta (Ga.)--Press coverage","School integration--Georgia--Press coverage","African Americans--Georgia--Press coverage","Atlanta (Ga.)--History--20th century","Atlanta (Ga.)--Politics and government--20th century","Georgia--History","Georgia--Politics and government--20th century","Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)","Government, Resistance to--Southern States--History--20th century","Central High School (Little Rock, Ark.)"],"dcterms_title":["Ministers' Manifesto"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/ministers-manifesto/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":["Rothschild, Jacob M., 1911-1973","Vandiver, S. Ernest (Samuel Ernest), 1918-2005","Hartsfield, William Berry","Sibley, John A. (John Adams), 1888-1986","Faubus, Orval Eugene, 1910-1994","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963"],"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_temple-bombing","title":"Temple bombing","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Hatfield, Edward A."],"dc_date":["2007-06-01"],"dcterms_description":["Encyclopedia article about the Temple bombing in Atlanta, Georgia. In the early hours of October 12, 1958, fifty sticks of dynamite exploded in a recessed entranceway at the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation, Atlanta's oldest and most prominent synagogue, also known as \"the Temple.\" The sanctuary suffered minor damage, while other parts of the building were devastated; no people were hurt or killed. But the blast shook the city's confidence and rattled its composure, causing many to reappraise, however briefly, Atlanta's reputation as \"the City Too Busy to Hate.\"","GSE identifier: SS8H11"],"dc_format":["text/html"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":["eng"],"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Forms part of the New Georgia Encyclopedia."],"dcterms_subject":["Synagogues--Georgia--Atlanta","Bombings--Georgia--Atlanta","Antisemitism--Georgia--Atlanta","Rabbis--Georgia--Atlanta","Political violence--Georgia--Atlanta","Jews--Violence against--Georgia--Atlanta","Rothschild, Jacob M., 1911-1973","Hartsfield, William Berry","Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["Temple bombing"],"dcterms_type":["Text"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/temple-bombing/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":["Cite as: \"ARTICLE TITLE,\" New Georgia Encyclopedia. Retrieved [date]: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org."],"dlg_local_right":["If you wish to use content from the NGE site for commercial use, publication, or any purpose other than fair use as defined by law, you must request and receive written permission from the NGE. Such requests may be directed to: Permissions/NGE, University of Georgia Press, 330 Research Drive, Athens, GA 30602."],"dcterms_medium":["articles"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_hebrew-benevolent-congregation-exterior-001-2","title":"Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Synagogue","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":["Photograph by David"],"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["2007"],"dcterms_description":["The Hebrew Benevolent Congregation, which first organized in 1860 as the Hebrew Benevolent Society, began construction in 1875 on a synagogue in Atlanta. The Temple, as it came to be known, continues to serve the Jewish community in the city."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":null,"dcterms_subject":["Synagogues--Georgia--Atlanta","Temples--Georgia--Atlanta","Judaism--Georgia--Atlanta","Jews--Georgia--Atlanta","Pediments--Georgia--Atlanta","Columns--Georgia--Atlanta","Domes--Georgia--Atlanta","Postcards--Georgia--Atlanta","Buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)","Atlanta (Ga.)--Buildings, structures, etc."],"dcterms_title":["Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Synagogue"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/temple-bombing/hebrew-benevolent-congregation-exterior_001-2/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":null,"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"geh_athpc_2284","title":"The Temple","collection_id":"geh_athpc","collection_title":"Atlanta History Photograph Collection","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":["Unknown"],"dc_date":["1960"],"dcterms_description":["View of the front altar of the Temple on Peachtree Road in Atlanta, Georgia.","rotunda; coffered ceiling; chandeliers; candelabras; menorahs; pews; benches; worship;","The Temple-Hebrew Benevolent Congregation of Atlanta, Georgia, is Atlanta's oldest synagogue. In 1860 the Hebrew Benevolent Society was formed in order to obtain a Jewish burial ground, and to organize relief for the Jewish Poor. The Temple was established in 1867, and at that time was Orthodox. In 1895 Rabbi David Marx brought Reform Judaism to the Temple. In 1958 the synagogue was bombed in response to Rabbi Jacob Rothschild's support of civil rights. It is located at 1589 Peachtree Street."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":["VIS 170.2033.001","ahc1702033001.jpg"],"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":["Atlanta, Ga. : Kenan Research Center"],"dc_relation":null,"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["Atlanta History Photograph Collection"],"dcterms_subject":["Architectural elements--Georgia--Atlanta","Architects","Synagogues--Georgia--Atlanta","Interiors--Georgia--Atlanta","Religious architectural elements--Georgia--Atlanta","Religious facilities--Georgia--Atlanta","Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)"],"dcterms_title":["The Temple"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["Atlanta History Center"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["http://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/cdm/ref/collection/athpc/id/2284"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":null,"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":["This material is protected by copyright law. (Title 17, U.S Code) Permission ofr use must be cleared through The Kenan Research Center at the Atlanta History Center. Licensing agreement may be required."],"dcterms_medium":["photographs"],"dcterms_extent":["8 x 10 in."],"dlg_subject_personal":["Shutze, Philip Trammell"],"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-10470","title":"Bright and Garland","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1959"],"dcterms_description":["George Bright (left), a suspect in the bombing of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation's synagogue in Atlanta, stands with his attorney, Reuben Garland, during his January 1959 trial. Much to the dismay of Atlanta's Jewish community, Garland won an acquittal for Bright, the only suspect ever brought to trial.","Photograph of George Bright (left), a suspect in the bombing of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation's synagogue in Atlanta, Georgia. He stands with his attorney, Reuben Garland, during his January 1959 trial. Much to the dismay of Atlanta's Jewish community, Garland won an acquittal for Bright, the only suspect ever brought to trial."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/temple-bombing","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/temple-bombing","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["Antisemitism--Georgia--Atlanta","Lawyers--Georgia--Atlanta","Bombings--Georgia--Atlanta","Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)","Bright, George M. (George Michael), 1923-2001","Garland, Reuben"],"dcterms_title":["Bright and Garland"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/temple-bombing/m-10470/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Reprinted with permission from The Atlanta Journal-Constitution","Atlanta Journal-Constitution"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-5930","title":"William B. Hartsfield","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1958-10-13"],"dcterms_description":["Atlanta mayor William B. Hartsfield speaks about the bombing of \"the Temple\" in Atlanta on October 13, 1958, the day after a dynamite blast destroyed portions of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation's synagogue. Hartsfield denounced the act, accusing the bombers of giving \"a bad name to the South.\"","This photograph shows Atlanta, Georgia mayor William B. Hartsfield as he speaks about the bombing of \"the Temple\" in Atlanta on October 13, 1958, the day after a dynamite blast destroyed portions of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation's synagogue. He holds a microphone and stands in front of the hole that was blown in the side of the synagogue. Rubble is piled on the ground outside of the hole. Several people stand behind Hartsfield, sifting through the rubble. Hartsfield denounced the act, accusing the bombers of giving \"a bad name to the South.\" The Temple was bombed on October 12, 1958, likely in response to the civil rights activism of the congregation's rabbi, Jacob Rothschild."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/temple-bombing","http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/ministers-manifesto","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/temple-bombing","http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/ministers-manifesto","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["Mayors--Georgia--Atlanta","Bombings--Georgia--Atlanta","Microphone","Men--Georgia--Atlanta","Synagogues--Georgia--Atlanta","Rubble--Georgia--Atlanta","Antisemitism--Georgia--Atlanta","Politicians--Georgia--Atlanta","Political violence--Georgia--Atlanta","Jews--Violence against--Georgia--Atlanta","Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)","Hartsfield, William Berry"],"dcterms_title":["William B. Hartsfield"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/temple-bombing/m-5930/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Reprinted with permission from The Atlanta Journal-Constitution","Atlanta Journal-Constitution"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-5931","title":"The Temple Bombing","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1958-10-12"],"dcterms_description":["Atlanta police officials W. K. Perry (left) and I. G. Cowan investigate the synagogue of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta, which was dynamited on October 12, 1958. The involvement of the Temple's rabbi, Jacob Rothschild, in the civil rights movement may have been the motivation behind the bombing.","This photograph shows two Atlanta, Georgia police officials investigating the synagogue of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta, which was dynamited on October 12, 1958. The men stand inside the building, and they are seen through the hole that has been blown in the side of the structure. Rubble is piled next to the hole. The involvement of the Temple's rabbi, Jacob Rothschild, in the civil rights movement may have been the motivation behind the bombing."],"dc_format":["image/jpeg"],"dcterms_identifier":null,"dcterms_language":null,"dcterms_publisher":null,"dc_relation":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/temple-bombing","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dc_right":["http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/UND/1.0/"],"dcterms_is_part_of":["http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/temple-bombing","Forms part of: New Georgia Encyclopedia"],"dcterms_subject":["Synagogues--Georgia--Atlanta","Bombings--Georgia--Atlanta","Antisemitism--Georgia--Atlanta","Men--Georgia--Atlanta","Rubble--Georgia--Atlanta","Detectives--Georgia--Atlanta","Buildings--Georgia--Atlanta","Political violence--Georgia--Atlanta","Jews--Violence against--Georgia--Atlanta","Temple (Atlanta, Ga.)","Atlanta (Ga.)--Buildings, structures, etc."],"dcterms_title":["The Temple Bombing"],"dcterms_type":["StillImage"],"dcterms_provenance":["New Georgia Encyclopedia (Project)"],"edm_is_shown_by":null,"edm_is_shown_at":["https://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/arts-culture/temple-bombing/m-5931/"],"dcterms_temporal":null,"dcterms_rights_holder":["Reprinted with permission from The Atlanta Journal-Constitution","Atlanta Journal-Constitution"],"dcterms_bibliographic_citation":null,"dlg_local_right":null,"dcterms_medium":["black-and-white photographs"],"dcterms_extent":null,"dlg_subject_personal":null,"iiif_manifest_url_ss":null,"dcterms_subject_fast":null,"fulltext":null},{"id":"nge_ngen_m-5932","title":"The Temple Bombing","collection_id":"nge_ngen","collection_title":"New Georgia Encyclopedia","dcterms_contributor":null,"dcterms_spatial":["United States, Georgia, Fulton County, Atlanta, 33.749, -84.38798"],"dcterms_creator":null,"dc_date":["1958-10-12"],"dcterms_description":["Damage to the synagogue of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta, known as \"the Temple,\" is pictured on October 12, 1958, the day that fifty sticks of dynamite destroyed portions of the building, including part of the sanctuary.","Damage to the synagogue of the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta, Georgia, known as \"the Temple,\" is pictured on October 12, 1958, the day that fifty sticks of dynamite destroyed portions of the building, including part of the sanctuary. Several passersby stand on the lawn outside the damaged building. Rubble covers the ground in front of them. 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