Benjamin Van Clark Neighborhood Documentation Project Neighborhood Oral History Project Savannah Department of Cultural Affairs Oral History# 17 Suzanne Ginsberg Kantziper August 6, 2003 Savannah, Georgia LS Today is August 6th, 2003. This is Luciana Sprecher, project historian of the Benjamin Van Clark Neighborhood Documentation Project for the Savannah Department of Cultural Affairs. am speaking with Suzanne Ginsberg Kantziper, former resident of the Benjamin Van Clark Neighborhood, at her private residence in Savannah, Georgia. Now I am just going to ask you a couple of background questions and then we can get started. If you could state your full name, including your middle name. SK Suzanne Ginsberg Kantziper. LS Okay, and your date of birth and place of birth? SK Okay, my date of birth is February the 8th, 1936 and I was born in Savannah, Georgia. LS Okay, and your ethnicity and religion? SK Well, I'm Jewish. LS And your white. The reason I'm asking is because one of the themes we are addressing in this particular neighborhood history is the desegregation, the shift in, from white to black back to white. The approximate time span that you lived on Harmon Street? SK From 1936 until1949. LS Okay, do you have stuff you want to say or do you want me to start asking you questions or tell you about the project? SK I'd like to hear a little about the project. .... LS describes the current boundaries of the Benjamin Van Clark Neighborhood to SK ... LS How old were you when you moved to Benjamin Van Clark? SK I was born and moved there immediately. LS Okay, so you don't remember the move? You were just a baby? SK I was a baby. LS Okay, what did you call the neighborhood when you lived there? Page 2 of 14 August 27, 2003 SK There was no name that t called it, I didn't know it had a name. LS ... If you were downtown and you ran into somebody, would you say like you lived on the Eastside? SK Eastside, yes. LS Okay, can you think of any neighboring areas that had specific names around you? SK Well, I just think of Garden Homes where we had friends who lived. Not really names of neighborhoods. I mean they didn't really call Ardsley Park that until twenty years ago. It was Ardsley Park but nobody called it that. LS So you would refer to the street you lived on, rtght? SK Yes. LS ... Why did your family move there? SK My father evidently moved there before he got married so this was sometime before 1934 and rented a store and had a business in then he got married and my mother helped him in the business. LS Where was this store? SK This was on Harmon Street, but... I think it was 448 Harmon and it was across from the ice company. LS It was closer towards Wheaton Street? SK Correct, just maybe a long block before you got to Wheaton Street. LS Okay, do you know much about the first store? SK I was told a lot about it. I can't remember being in it, but we lived above the store there too end I think they heated the house with coal and my parents were always in business so we had someone like a black nurse take care of us and I can barely visualize the store. I have seen it many times, but it's gone now. LS Was it a wooden building? SK It was a brtck building too. But the buildings around it were wooden. LS Two story building since you lived above it then? SK Yes. Most of the other houses around it, it was in a residential neighborhood, so the houses were wooden. A lot of them were unpainted wood. LS Approximately when did they build the store that they owned? SK 1939 LS So, they bought the property ... Page3of14 August27,2003 SK And built the building there. And I looked at the censuses and I don't think it records them there until1940, so maybe they bought it and started building it in '39, but didn't move into it until1940. LS Okay, do you want to tell me a little bit about the store? What it looked like? Who your customers were? What they sold? SK I think they had both black and white customers. A lot of black people coming. They probably had customers from the first store. And they had people that, we had a delivery boy who take things on a bicycle. They'd take orders over the phone and deliver things in the neighborhood all the way to maybe Henry Street. And there were people who'd stop by like on a Saturday and just buy their whole weeks grocertes and people that lived out in the country. There were a few personal friends who would shop sometimes there and my mother might take them home or something like that. It tumed into kind of a social visit Instead of just shopping. LS Okay, so you had a lot of black customers. Is that because that is who predominantly lived around you? SK On Wolf Street, which was Harmon and Wolf the Georgia Market was the name of the store, were mostly black. By the first store there was a little white neighborhood, but then when we moved to the other neighborhood it was a mixed neighborhood. A lot of black people, there was a black restaurant, a beauty parlor across the street and a church. LS Do you remember any of the names? SK There was a lady called Diana who had a restaurant about a block away. And I think she had a sister who lived above that so it must have been two stories. And she was a teacher, a black teacher. And on the same side of the street where the store was on 701 Harmon there were two black families. And the next street, at the end of Harmon and Gwinnett there was like a Chinese business, there was always an oriental family that had a business there. LS Was it a restaurant or laundry? SK No, that was another grocery store. That street had at least four grocery stores. LS Harmon? SK Harmon, and more because when you get crossing Gwinnett was a package shop and another grocery store. I don't understand how they all made a living, but they did, there were no big grocery stores so I guess people would just shop in their neighborhoods. I was trying to find out the name of the dry cleaners that was out on ... LS Snow's? SK No, I don't think so. This was a local one that was owned by the Jones family on Wheaton and Harmon and the only name that comes to me is Utopia. I tried to call a member of the family last night, we couldn't get them. I'm going to try again, I actually ended up teaching a grand daughter of that family when I taught at Charles Ellis. LS I have some City Directory Xeroxes out in the car, every 25 years, we can look at. SK Oh good, I'd like to see ... LS Do you remember the name of the boy or boys who delivered groceries for you on their bikes? Page4of14 August27,2003 SK No, I remember the butchers that we had. We had a butcher at the first store, I know that they called him Fat and I really, I don't remember too much but they talked about him a lot. At the second store, his name was Luther. But my parents also had to be butchers because if they didn't show up to work or something. My mother was born in Germany and her father was in the meat business and she was very attached to her father and she went around with him when he sold the cattle and when they. Evidently she knew how to cut it too because she was able to take care of it if the butcher didn't show up she could cut the meat and my dad could too. LS Were their butchers, or any of their employees, were they white or black? S K The butchers were always black for some reason, but they had a clerk, several clerks, and they were white. LS I read in one of your other interviews you talked about having specific things that catered to the neighborhood, like chitlins and tripe, do you think your parents only sold those because of the neighborhood you were in? SK Probably. LS Okay, going back to lhe store, what were the basic hours of operalion? SK Quite long, probably I know my dad probably left very early in the morning to go to the City Market to buy vegetables. And a lot of the meat that they sold was delivered. He would also go to see like Leonard's father who was in the meat business and buy a few things and put it in the car, you know in the trunk LS Okay, so you had a car? SK Yes, never a truck, but a car, so they had things like collard greens that they would put in the car, and every couple of years we had to buy a new car and I'm sure that was part of the reason. LS Okay, besides butchers and delivery boys did you have any other employees in the store? SK Just maybe a clerk, and then my sisters and I would take turns helping after school. LS And you would do stocking, checking people out? SK Yes, and if it was summertime and it was time to shell peas, we shelled peas, or weighed items like rice and beans and chicken feed and things like that. LS Did you enjoy it? SK Not all the time. When I was little you do enjoy il, because it is fun to weigh things and do things, but when you get older and get more social and when we moved away to another area and it you know kind of encroached on our sociallffe, so that was not as much fun. But we took turns, there were three of us. LS Do you think maybe your father wished maybe he had a boy to help him out some limes. SK Sometimes I imagined he did, we never thought about it because with three daughters he was outnumbered. LS When did the business end and why? Page5of14 August 27, 2003 SK It ended about 1960-61 because what happened was my dad was never really happy in business he wanted to be a lawyer but he was not able to afford to go to law school when he was young. So my mother said, she liked the business, and she said I'll take care of it until you, if you want to go study. So he studied at night and he became a lawyer. And she kept it for several years, well more than several, quite a while, because she was putting us through college and helping my dad get started in his business until he was successful she didn't want to give up the store. They ended it when he got on his feel in his law firm. LS Was it hard for her to give it up after that long? SK No, she was ready. LS What did they do with the property and the building, did they sell it to another grocer? SK No, the kept it for a long time and they rented the store and the residence upstairs. When finally my mother had a lot of trouble keeping the property up and she decided she would sell it. And she took the mortgage on it, and so after she died it was finally ended and it was resold and I think tha people who bought did the same thing, they rented as a store and as a residence. LS ... When they were renting it out and people were still using it as a store, did they keep Georgia Market as the name? SK No, I don't think they. LS So when your family moved out of it there was no more Georgia Market? SK No. LS Okay, let's switch gears and talk about school. So you went to Waters Avenue School? SK Waters Avenue School, until the end of the sixth grad~ and they we went one year to Chatham Junior High. And then when we lived on 52 and Paulsen Street we changed to Washington Avenue. LS Where was Chatham Junior? SK Chatham Junior High was downtown at the same place as the Board of Education is now. LS So you would take a bus to get there? SK I think so, a city bus I think. LS When you went to Waters Avenue you walked? SK Yes. That would be a good walk from Harmon and Wolf to Waters Avenue and its around Park Avenue I think. LS Did everybody that went to the school walk? SK I think mostly they did, there might have been a bus, there could have been. LS So most of it was neighborhood ... SK Neighborhood. e Page6of14 August27,2003 LS And it was a white school at the time? SK Yes. LS Now this is before the name changed to Romana Riley? SK Romana Riley was a teacher there, no excuse me she was the principal. When she died they renamed it Roman Riley, or when she retired or something like that. LS So do you remember her? SK Yes. LS Any memories of her specifically or just that she was there? SK Just that she was there, in fact one of my teachers from that school lives right on this block. And her name is Lola Law, she was Lola Spurling, and I think that we had her in the fourth grade, so that's quite a lady, I think she's about ninety-one or two. I guess she was young then, I guess we thought she was old. LS Do you know where the neighborhood African American children went to school? SK They had their own school, you know we really didn't speak about it. I think there was one fairly close to the neighborhood, but I'm not sure which one it was. Not the one which exists now off of Gwinnett, that wasn't there. I'm not sure really. LS Did you see them out walking to school when you were out walking? SK Some, and then at Christmas time, and Hanukah time for us, we'd get skates and we would be out in the street together. LS Do you have any special memories about fellow students or special teachers you had? SK Well, one very special memory was in the first grade, I have a twin sister and we went to class together and she does everything very fast and I do everything very slow and she would finish her work and start doing mine. So they changed us and put me in another class to see if I could do the work and when they found out I could they put us back in together. But I think it probably would have been best to leave us separated, I think they do that more today. LS Did you, would you get mad when she would come finish your work? SK No I was very happy to let her. LS What do you remember about the building at that time? SK I remember that the library was in the basement and I think that the lunchroom was too. And the main, there were two buildings, the main building had these steps that you walked up. But the building I remember being in the most, the other building, there was kind of a round hallway. I haven't been in that building for the last 40-50 years or so. I guess it's still the same inside. There was not much of a playground outside. LS Where would you play then? SK There was a playground, it just wasn't very big. Page7of14 August27,2003 LS In my research about the school, I came across a pamphlet that discussed a little program they had going that was called "Midget Savannah," where they sort of played like they were a town, do you remember that? SK Well, I have an old button, a little purple button that I still have, that says something about good citizen from Midget Savannah. LS Did you have a best friend in the neighborhood or was it your twin sister? SK Well, we felt that we were together that we had nobody else, I guess we took eachother for granted, it was as if it was one person. We had some good friends in the neighborhood. There were some Scotts, Annette was our age, and that was the block that was closest to Wheaton Street. And there were several other people, but she was our age, so we were with her mostly. We went to a Jewish kindergarten, then we had friends from that little group too. LS So you had almost another social world outside of the neighborhood? SK Right. LS And you said her name was Annette? SK Annette Scott. LS When say in the afternoons when you had time to play, where would you go to play? Were there parks in the neighborhood you went to? SK Well there was a square with trees, but now it has a building on it. There was no really playground equipment. But we had friends, over where there's a park called Live Oak Park, that is where we would go for a park. Just in the neighborhood, each others houses, thafs what we mostly did. Or we had a playhouse in the back yard and I'll show you a picture of that. And we could go there and pretend we were cooking or something. We could go in the store and get some peas or beans and take it to the playhouse and pretend you know playing family or something. LS Besides that did you have any games? SK Hop scotch, and marbles, jack stones, things that kids did then. LS Is jack stones like jacks? SK Yes. I'm not sure why we called it jack stones, because they weren't stones. LS ... Did your family going to any other neighborhood stores or restaurants? SK Well we did use the cleaners, that's why I was trying to remember the name for that. And there was a little restaurant on Gwinnett Street, just around the comer. And on Sunday mornings the treat was to be taken over to the restaurant and have maybe a cup of coffee and a piece of toast. That was just something special. That was not eating at home, so that was going out. But my family kept Kosher, so when we went out to some place like Morrison's we had to order something like macaroni and cheese, and a roll, and dessert or something. We were not allowed to eat meat out because we kept Kosher. And there weren't any Kosher restaurants. LS Explain what Kosher means? Page8of14 August27,2003 SK Kosher means that the meat is killed in a certain way, and you don't mix milk things, or dairy things, with meat things. Eat one or the other. LS Do you remember any florists in the area? SK On Wheaton Street there was Wolfs and so we knew them. There, we didn't eat at the black restaurants, it just was not the thing you would do in those times. We might order something from there maybe and take it to the store. Maybe. LS Okay, now I'm going to ask you about the streetcars. Do you remember the streetcars? SK I remember the streetcars, I did ride on the streetcars, we went to Bona Bella on the streetcar. LS Where would you get on to the streetcar? SK I'm not even sure, because we didn't ride them that much. We usually, if it was just my sister and myself it would just be on a bus. We took the bus from Wheaton and Harmon around there, and we could ride downtown to go to a movie or something like that. We did a lot of walking, my grandmother lived on Huntingdon Street and we would walk there from home. We weren't afraid of the neighborhood or anything. LS So by the time you were old enough to go out on your own without your parents it was really a bus system? SK Yes. LS Okay, and you lived right next to the car bams though. SK Right across the street. LS Were they starting to house buses? SK That's were they housed them and they may have repaired them some. I saw this yesterday, that the brick wall that has come down, they put another small brick wall, I don't know if you noticed it when you passed by there. You couldn't see the buses from where we lived. It was a tall brick wall, and it was open at the front, but this was the side. LS So you didn't see too much activity? SK No. And we actually went to, there was an office where at times when my parents were busy and they needed to make change they would give us some cash and we would go there and they would give us change and that was a help. LS ... How much it cost [bus] and if you always had the same conductor, but I guess it would be bus driver? SK Well, didn't do it that often. It would be maybe once every weekend or once every other weekend. So I'm not too sure. Sometimes we would buy a book of tickets at some point. And there were tokens. But I really don't' remember. LS I was going to ask you what color the trolleys were because all the pictures were black and white? SK Oh, that's a hard question, I'd have to think about that. LS Okay, think about the buses too. e Page 9 of 14 August27,2003 Lefs talk a little bit about being Jewish in this community. Where did you go to temple? SK Well, we went to the orthodox synagogue, both my parents were raised in that type of religious background. My fathe(s parents came from Russia and they were religious. And my mothe(s parents came from Germany and !hay were also religious, so that's where we started. LS Which congregation was the orthodox one? SK B'nai B'rith Jacobs. LS And it was on Montgomery Street at the time? SK Yes. LS So you would drive there or walk? SK On the holidays, special holidays we would walk, like Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur. Bul sometimes, we could take the bus too, we weren't that religious that we were so strict that we always had to walk. LS It's a far walk. SK It's long walk to town. LS Did you have any ... Was there a large Jewish community in the area right around you? SK Well, a lot of the stores were Jewish stores. Like a block from us was Sonny Bryan, and that store still stands. And then there was at least five Jewish businesses near by but I don't think all the people lived above theirs. They probably started that way like we did and then moved south into other neighborhoods. LS So you did ... in your neighborhood there weren't a lot of Jewish kids to play with? SK No. LS They came from your synagogue more? SK Righi. After kindergarten, then we started at eight we started going to Hebrew school in the afternoon. Our synagogue had you go four days a week so that took up a lot of time. We would go from maybe two hours every afternoon, so that was a long day. And then on Friday we either went to Girl Scouts or dancing. LS Did you go to Girl Scouts at the JEA? SK JEA. The old one. LS And dancing, where did you go? SK We went to, I recall it being near the DeSoto Hilton, it was Marilyn Youman's, and then when we were older, teenagers, we went to Ebbie Olsen Thompson [?name?], which was ballroom dancing, things like thai. LS So you were pretty busy oulside of the neighborhood? SK Very busy, yeah. Page 10 of 14 August27,2003 LS Okay, let's talk a little bit just about the neighborhood around you, what the houses were like and the roads? SK Well, the houses around us were mostly wooden houses, there were a few brick houses. The street, Wolf Street at that time was not paved and there were a lot of small houses that black people lived in. Just above, I guess north of Gwinnett Street there were some nicer homes that were two story homes. But really the block we lived in there was just the store, which was two story because we lived above it, and just a few small houses, mostly one story. LS What do you come away remembering most of the residents, what were they to live by? SK They friendly and helpful, and we always felt safe and a lot of them were customers if they lived nearby. We got along well with our neighbors. LS Do you keep in touch with any of those residents? SK Not really. I know for years after my parents left the business, I would go into a store and they would stop me and say are you Ms. Ginsberg daughter, are you Jane, are you Suzanne. And I still occasionally get stopped and asked. I can't remember all the names, I knew a faw of them. It's just unusual to stop in a store and say "are you?" LS Do you think your store and family made a good impression then? SK Yeah. In fact when our father became a lawyer he had some clients from the neighborhood. Evidently they liked him from his business experience. LS What kind of law did he practice? SK Just general. LS You mentioned earlier Garden Homes, I was going to ask you if you remember when it was built? SK I don't remember when it was built, but it was a very nice place. The homes were small and we knew people who lived there. They were modest, but everything was nice. It looked very good and all of a sudden when we came back to Savannah in the '60s it had gone down a lot. It was not the same place anymore. LS What do you think changed it? SK I don't know, maybe the population who lived there mayba. It was run down, maybe people who, it was a project the whole time, but you didn't feel that way. It must have been somewhat new in the '40s because I remember it looking so good and then twenty years later I guess it was run down. LS It's a little bit far from where you were located, do you remember it being sort of like its own little neighborhood? SK Yes. LS It had its own community activities? SK Uhm-uhm. Page11 of14 August 27, 2003 LS As far as the whole neighborhood, or the neighborhood around you, you already said that it was mixed ... SK I would say that, where we lived, it was more black then white. LS Okay, when you were living there did you notice a shift going more towards white or more towards black? SK It stayed steady I think. Mostly black the whole time. LS Okay, what about the neighborhood where we talked about the larger houses past Gwinnett? SK Those were more white than black. It seemed to stop more at Gwinnett and then it turned into more of a white neighborhood going towards Henry. LS So between Wheaton and Gwinnett was mostly black? SK More black. LS Gwinnett to Henry or Anderson ... SK Predominantly white. LS After you moved out. .. did you notice any change in the neighborhood as far as maybe any shift in the race? SK That must have taken over twenty years to change, across Gwinnett from Gwinnett to Henry has turned into a black neighborhood. My husband and I were gone from '53 to '64, so I didn't have a chance to really observe it until the sixties. It started to become all black in that area. LS Why do you think that was? SK Well, people were moving south when probably the white residents were more affluent they would move to a more southerly neighborhood. LS Your family kept the business to roughly 1960 but you moved out ofthe neighborhood when? SK ln'49. LS Why was that? SK Because my dad passed the bar and my mother thought we needed to be in a neighborhood where we would find social opportunities with people our age and our religion. That's why we moved. LS What did you think of your new neighborhood compared to your old? SK Well, we liked it because we could walk to school, it wasn't very far, and it was of course nicer homes and that was the main thing. LS So it was a shift from living more in a commercial environment to a residential? SK Right. But we were already I guess about twelve or thirteen so we ready to start going to parties and they would not be that opportunity where we were living, I mean you could go to parties, but it would be a distance. Page12 of 14 August 27, 2003 LS So moving gave you easier access to the Jewish community in Savannah as well? SK Right LS Do you ever drive by the building and look at it? SK Every once in awhile, especially when my sisters come from out of town. They like to go, sometimes tears come down our eyes when we see how bad it looks. But the whole neighborhood has changed, and they built projects where people lived in private homes. Its changed so much, they even changed the street itself. The street used to go straight all the way from where the store is to Wheaton, and now the street is cuNed. I don't understand why they did that, but I guess from traffic. LS So we're talking about Blackshear Homes that came in? SK Yeah, that didn't exist. LS I didn't realize that they had changed the direction of the street. Are some streets closed off that used to be open? SK No, they're open, but it's just changed the whole configuration of the end of that block. The business people were really cooperative, there was stores that bought from us that had like a restaurant on Wheaton Street and so all of that's changed. It's a different layout. LS Do you have any mends or relatives that live in that neighborhood today? SK Not today, some of my relatives had businesses nearby, but they began having problems with the robberies and such and they closed their businesses. They couldn't stay in the neighborhood any longer. LS When do you think they began having problems? SK I'm thinking in the '60s. LS Okay, do you have any ... I was going to ask you about the nurses and maids you had. Did they ladies that lived in the neighborhood? SK I think most of them were, so they would walk over. LS Do you remember the names of them? SK I remember one, Idonia, because that name was just so unusual to me. And there were several others, at least three growing up. But they did the cooking and they did the housework because my mother was working. Looking back she was a working mother when a lot of the parents were already out and about, she was in business for a long time. But there were hours that they closed the store half a day on Wednesday so if she wanted to take us shopping she could. And they actually worked most of the time half a day on Sunday. They really didn't have but one day off, they worked vary long hours. LS So do you feel that you didn't get to spend a lot time with them outside of the store? SK They did like come to PTA meetings and my mother always read to us at night. I think the reason they stayed in the neighborhood as long as they did was they wanted to be close enough if we needed them, we could just go downstairs, so they were close. e Page13of14 August27,2003 LS Could you go down stairs on the inside or did you have to come out on the street and come in through the store? SK Inside. There was also some stairs on the outside in the back. LS I wanted you to spell Idonia. SK I think it was 1-D-0-N-1-A. LS Do you have any comments or special stories about living there? SK Just that it was a bigger part of my growing up then I realized until just lately. Things remind me of it and probably lessons learned in business or in life start when you're young. You know there was, we were there that many years that it was a big part of our life. So it might have been limiting slightly socially, the reason for the move I think to another neighborhood. LS If that hadn't been a factor do you think your family would have stayed in the neighborhood? SK I think my dad would have, he didn't care to move. But my mother knew for social reasons it would be best to move. They might have eventually moved, looking at the neighborhood now they would have had to because there aren't that many places today, all though today on Gwinnett Street soma of the housing look very nice. It never looked that nice before, there were very modest homes on that street. And if you looked in the neighborhood, the fire station that is on Gwinnett near us just around the corner has been mada into sort of a community building for tha black community. LS What street, Gwinnett and what was the other cross street? SK I think Paulsen. LS Okay, it's actually further back? SK Yeah. Just a block away or so. LS Well, I don't have any other specific questions. SK Okay, then I will just show you some pictures that might show you how the car barns look, from at least our side. LS Thank you. -We had ended the interview, but while looking at photographs SK mentioned the orphans home and hospital so we turned the tape back on to record her comments.- LS Okay, do you remember the Episcopal Orphan's Home? SK I think I do, it was girl orphans home, and what we saw when we walked by it was a playground. And it had like a metal fencing around it. LS Do you remember the home? Was it wood? SK I'm assuming it was, but I couldn't swear to it, because what caught our eye would be that playground. LS Did you ever see any of the girls out there playing? Page 14 of 14 August27,2003 SK Yeah. And it is possible we could have gone to school with some of them, but not that I knew of. LS Okay, and what about the Oglethorpe Sanitarium, which was the nearest hospital? SK It seems like it was a shingled building. Was it? Oh great I remember. Cause I did have at least one time to be in it, when I had ingrown toenails cut. And it was like a home, I guess it was built like a home, I don't know. It was a long building and I'm not even sure it was two stories. LS I think it was two stories and it was long and had little wings on the end that came out, it was a pretty building. SK So do you have a photograph of it? LS I do, I don't think I have them with me, but we could meet again and I could show you my pictures. SK Seems like it might have had porches, at least in front. LS So this was an all white hospital? SK As far as I know. LS Do you think of anything else you wanted to say? SK No. LS Okay, thanks. -End of interviewTranscript prepared by: Luciana M. Spracher Project Historian