REPORT
JOHN F. WHEATON,
MAYOR OP THE CITY OF SAVANNAH,
YEAR ENDING DECEMBER 31,1877,
TO WHICH IS ADDED THE
TREASURER'S REPORT,
EEPORTS OF THE DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS.
SAVANNAH:
GEO. N. NICHOLS, PKINTEB.
1878.

MAYOR'S REPORT.
MAYOR'S OFFICE, J
SAVANNAH, G-A., January 1, 1878. )
FeHow-Citizens: In compliance with the duty im
posed on me by the ordinances of the city, I herewith
respectfully submit to you an account of the receipts
and expenditures of the city for the year ending 31st
December, 1877. The details you will find set forth
in the annual report of the City Treasurer, which is
annexed :
Cash in treasury January 1st, 1877 - $ 745 86
RECEIPTS.
From Real Estate Taxes, 1875, - - - 7,336 11
From Specific Taxes, 1875, ... 150 00
From Personal Taxes, 1875, - - - 1,167 12
From Real Estate Taxes, 1876, - - - 104,499 94
From Specific Taxes, 1876, - - - 4.732 23
From Personal Taxes, 1876, - - - 16,527 50
From Real Estate Taxes, 1877, - - - 95,456 11
From Specific Taxes, 1877, - - - 48,906 01
From Personal Taxes, 1877, - - - 29,854 92
From Licenses, 1877, .... 26,928 72
From Badges, 1877, 654 00
From Market, 1877, .... 16,341 19
From Jail, 1877, 20,825 13
From Laurel Grove Cemetery, 1877, - - 1,250 00
From Water Works, 1877, - - - 29,579 69
From Harbor and other fees, 1877, - - 8,298 05
From Savannah River Improvement, 1877, 12,917 52
From City Court, 1877, - 528 00
4 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
From Rents received from Public Buildings,
Wharves and Lots, 1877, - - - $3,703 05
From Ground Rent, 1877, - - - 34,248 13
From Fines and Penalties, 1877, - - 1,118 25
From Miscellaneous, 1877, - - - 2,224 10
From Bills Payable
From Mayor's Note running
January 1, 1876, - -$226,891 01
From Mayor's Note issued
to January 20, 1877, - 76,675 47
$303,566 48
Paid Mayor's Note January
20, 1877, - - $82,000 00
Paid Mayor's Note since Jan.
20, 1877, - - $1,694 6683,694 66 219,871 82
$687,863 45
EXPENDITURES.
Floating debt, January 1st, 1877, - -$226,891 01
Bills and Appropriations paid by former
Council from January 1 to 22d, 1877, 55,420 93
Bills and Appropriations left unpaid by
former Council and paid by present
Council, 34,624 43
Bills and Appropriations paid for the cur
rent year as follows :
Badges, 42 00
Board of Health, 6,395 55
Bonds,- 500 00
City Clocks, 249 96
City Court, 4,167 38
City lamps, ------ 13,820 99
City Lots, 2,855 00
City Pumps, 3,054 94
Docks and Wharves, - 1,367 32
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 5
Dry Culture,- $12,218 50
Fees, 1,640 00
Fines, - 104 00
Fire Department, 14.369 24
Incidentals, 3,124 68
Interest (coupons received in payment of
taxes 1875-6), - - - - - 75,102 66
Jail, 10,043 52
Laurel Grove Cemetery, - 4,779 41
Licenses, 388 93
Market, - - - - - - - 3,439 50
Parks and Squares, 2,989 00
Police, - - T - - - - 46,991 90
Printing and Stationery - 3,359 37
Public Buildings, - - - - - 3,303 63
Public Schools, 15,000 00
Quarantine, 7,690 00
Rents, 100 00
Salaries, - - . - - - - 16,642 96
Savannah River Improvement, - - 12,042 84
Scavenger Department, - - - 9,249 96
Streets and Lanes, ----- 14,493 63
Taxes, 1877, - 112 50
Water Works, 10,600 67
Cash on hand December 31, 1877, - - 72,687 04
$687,863 45
The financial condition of the city (exclusive of its
bonded" debt) at the commencement of the last
year was as follows :
Mayor's notes running to maturity, - -$226,891 01
Bonds due June 1, 1876, unpaid, - - 9,000 00
Due H. R. Worthington for new Pumping
Engine at Water Works, - - - 25,000 00
Coupons past due and unpaid, - - 40,027 50
Interest due and unpai'd, - - - - 5,979 81
6 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
Appropriations and Bills contracted by
former Council due and unpaid, - $90,045 36
$396,943 68
During the past year the following pay
ments have been made :
Reduction of Mayor's Notes, - - -$ 7,019 19
Coupons paid (received for taxes 1875 and
1876), ----.. 97,531 QO
Interest (including amount paid H. R.
Worthington), - - - - - 6,250 95
Appropriations and Bills of former Council, 90.045 36
$200,846 50
The financial condition of the city on the 1st of Jan
uary, 1878, viz., floating debt, is as follows :
Mayor's Notes left by former Council and
unpaid, $219,871 82
Due H R. Worthington for Pump, - - 25,000 00
Accrued Interest (on notes and amount
due Worthington), - 17,746 76
Accrued Interest on funded debt (coupons
unpaid), 185,662 50
Bonds due June 1, 1876 (unpaid), - - 9,000 00
Present floating debt, - - - -$457,28108
January 1, 1878, coupons due this day, 56, 40 50
Against which there is cash in City Trea
sury this day, 72,687 04
Taxes 1875, past due, - - $42,410
Taxes 1876, past due, - - 8L,877
[now in dispute in the courts.]
Taxes 1877, past due, .... 151,595 00
1877, due from jail for fees, - - - 12,377 59
It is estimated that twenty-five per cent of the past
due taxes cannot be collected, and that $25,000 will
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 7
be required to cover expenses for 1877 for bills not yet
presented.
The earnest attention of Council was directed to the
financial affairs of the city immediately on their acces
sion to office.
From a careful investigation it was apparent that
there were no means, present or prospective, at tfieir
command to meet the past due and accruing interest
and obligations. It was, therefore, decided to make
a statement of the situation to the creditors with a
view to some arrangement or compromise of the debt
on a practicable basis. A meeting of the creditors
was convened on the 6th of June last. After discuss
ing the subject, a committee was appointed to inves
tigate the statement submitted and recommend such
measures as, in their judgment, were necessary to
meet the situation. That committee met on the 12th
ultimo and recommended the following proposition,
to-wit:
To fund coupons maturing up to July 2, 1878, in
long bonds, at five per cent, interest, on these condi
tions :
1. The city to pay the interest on all its bonds after
July 2, 1878.
2. To create a commission of the sinking fund, com
posed of persons unconnected with the city govern
ment, who shall fill their own vacancies.
3. The rents of the city to be paid to the commission,
which shall invest them in city bonds only.
4. The city to levy a tax sufficient to pay the inter
est and its current expenses.
5. Legislative sanction to be obtained whenever
necessary to perfect this arrangement.
This proposition was considered impracticable, and
was declined by the city authorities. The Finance
Committee offered the following as a basis of settle
ment, to-wit:
8 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
SAVANNAH, December 12, 1877.
George W. Williams, Esq., Chairman Committee of
Bondholders :
DEAR SirIn the opinion of the Finance Committee
of the City Council of Savannah, after a careful ex
amination of the taxable endurance of the city, the
following proposition, for funding the entire indebted
ness at its face value, they would feel warranted in re
commending to the acceptance of the tax payers, towit : "Thirty years' bonds, to bear three per cent
interest for the first ten years, four per cent, for the
next ten years, and six per cent, for the last ten years
The Legislature to be applied to for consent to make
this issue, and surround it with every reasonable and
proper safeguard to provide against future defaults,
and also provision for a sinking fund and a separate
and perpetual commission for its management. Un
der this act coupons to January 1, 1879, to be funded
along with bonds and other items of indebtedness.
D. G. PURSE,
Acting Chairman Finance Committee.
Which was declined by the creditors' committee. A
settlement has been agreed upon with the Merchants
National Bank, the Southern Bank of the State of
Georgia, the Savannah Bank and Trust Company,
the Savannah Gas Light Company, of Savannah, and
Mr. Moses Taylor, of New York, holding past due
Mayor's notes amounting in the aggregate, including
interest, to $180,170 00 on the following terms: The
taxes due the city by each, under the tax ordinance
of 1877, are first to be credited on the notes. A reduc
tion of thirty per cent, to be made on the balance.
Efforts are now being made to settle other past due
claims on the same basis.
Under a resolution, passed in Council December 20,
1877, authorizing the purchase of city bonds on the
terms therein expressed, two bonds of $500 each,
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 9
known as the Water Works Bonds, maturing Febru
ary 1, 1878, have been purchased and cancelled.
The determination of the city government, as ex
pressed in the ordinance passed in Council December
26tli, 1877, to make a compromise settlement of its
funded debt on terms as follows, to-wit:
And whereas, farther, It is the determination of the
government of the said city to make such a compro
mise settlement of its funded debt as shall enable the
said government to resume the payment of interes
thereon, in manner and terms as follows, to-wit:
First. To create a sinking fund of its fixed sources
of revenue (in manner to be hereafter provided for) for
the redemption and retirement of its bonds.
Second. To take past due coupons at the rate of fifty
cents in the dollar, in payment of past due taxes.
Third. To resume the payment of interest upon the
funded debt on and after January 1st, 1878, in manner
as follows, to-wit:
To stamp upon the face of all bonds and coupons
attached an agreement or contract to receive three per
cent, interest for the first ten years, four per cent, for
the second ten years, and six per cent, thereafter in
liquidation of accruing interest until the payment of
the principal of the said funded debt.
It is believed that such compromise will result to
the benefit of both creditors and debtor. There can
be no question, if an attempt is made to force pay
ment of the full debt with seven per cent interest,
that the city will be unable to pay, and that such a
course would be disastrous to all interests concerned.
Immediate measures will be taken to carry out the
plan proposed, and it is hoped it will meet with gener
al favor.
As a part of the financial history of the city, I ap
pend to this report the able and comprehensive report
of the Committee on Finance, published May 31, to
which I invite your attention :
10 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
The police force has been reduced during the year
by the resignation of two privates, two have been
dropped, and two dismissed. The present force con
sists of one Chief, one Lieutenant, five Sergeants, and
forty-eight privates, (two of whom are paid by the
banks), aggregating fifty-five officers and men. In my
judgment the force is now reduced to the lowest point
compatible with the safety and good government of
the city. In addition to the regular duties of police,
they perform the duty of sanitary inspectors, and are
called upon in every exigency that arises to assist the
officers in the other departments of the government.
They have performed all duties imposed on them
cheerfully and intelligently. The management, mor
ale, and discipline of the force is not surpassed, and
reflects credit on both officers and men. The cost of
maintaining the department during the year has been
$46,991 90. In addition to this amount $13,281 41
has been paid by this Council for the expenses of the
department during the year 1876.
The Street and Lane Department has been conducted
with good judgment and the strictest economy under
the management of the Chairman of the Street and
Lane Committee. The expenditures under this head
embrace streets and lanes, building and cleaning sew
ers and catch basins, parks and squares, whitewash
ing and trimming trees, etc., and amounts in the ag
gregate to $17,482 63.
I refer you to the report of the City Surveyor for
details of the work done under the supervision of that
committee.
Under the efficient management of the Chief Engi
neer and his Assistant, the Fire Department has main
tained the high character that has distinguished it
since its reorganization on the present plan. The ex
pense of the Department has been $14,369 24, which
includes salaries, the purchase of eight hundred feet
of new leather hose, the building of a roof and deck
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 11
to the bell tower, the repairs to the fire alarm tele
graph, new harness for the Hook and Ladder Truck,
and general repairs to engines, etc. A detailed state
ment of the number of fires during the year, their ori
gin and the loss sustained, also general information of
the practical working of the department, will be found
in the report of the Chief Engineer and Secretary.
The expenditure for the jail has been $10,043 52 ;
the receipts, $20,825 13. This includes collections for
the care and maintenance of prisoners from Chatham
county and various counties in the State previous to
the first of January, 1877, collected during the year.
There is still due the city from the same sources $12,-
377 59.
A revision of the contract with the Savannah Gas
Light Company for lighting the public lamps has been
accomplished by the Committee on Gas, which results
in a saving of $5,000 00 a year to the city.
In the Pump Department $3,054 94 have been ex
pended. The pumps have been repaired generally ;
the wells cleaned and cemented, and new platforms
built. Eleven decayed wooden pumps have been
condemned and replaced by the same number of im
proved new metal ones.
The total receipts from the Water Works have
amounted to $29,579 69 for the year, and the ex
penses, including interest on cost of new pumping en
gine, salaries, labor, fuel and repairs, have been $17,-
970 19. The contamination of the water by the refuse
from the large number of vessels that occupy the
wharves in the immediate vicinity of the flood gates,
through which the water passes into the basins, is an
evil that, in my judgment, prejudices the public
health and demands an immediate remedy. The Coun
cil now have under consideration a project for obtain
ing the water supply at a point about two miles above
the city, and it is hoped some plan can be devised
that will enable them to carry it into successful opera-
12 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
tion. The report of the Superintendent gives full in
formation of the management of the works, their ca
pacity, etc., etc.
The improvements of the Savannah river have been
carried on by the United States Government under
the general direction of Gen. Q. A. Gilmore. I am
indebted to Capt. J. A. Post, United States Army En
gineer in immediate charge of the work, for a detailed
statement of the operations during the year, which is
appended, and to which I refer you for information.
Work was suspended on the 1st of September, the
appropriation having been exhausted. A further ap
propriation has been applied for, which it is hoped
will be granted, so as to be available during the next
summer.
The epidemic of 1876 directed general attention to
the condition of the low lands surrounding the city.
The Legislature was memorialized for an appropria
tion to improve the drainage of these lands, and
through the exertions of the Senator from this District,
and the Representatives from Chatham county, onethird of the State tax to be collected from the county
for the year 1877 was appropriated for the purpose,
and a "Drainage Commission" appointed, to whom
the trust was confided. The frequent overflow of the
Springfield Plantation being regarded as one of the
principal causes affectine the public health, the atten
tion of the Commissioners was first directed to that
point, which has resulted in placing the plantation in
a thorough dry culture condition, and it is believed,
protecting it beyond any reasonable contingency from
overflows in the future. To complete the work fully,
the culverts under the Ogeechee Canal and the Louis
ville Road and Central Railroad should be enlarged,
and the sewer known as the Hogg Sewer rebuilt in a
substantial and permanent manner. The commission
have been unable to proceed further with their plans
for the want of the necessary means. They were in-
13
debted to the liberality of the Central Railroad and
Banking Company for the loan of eight thousand dol
lars without interest to do the work thus far done. It
is expected that the balance of the appropriation will
soon be available, when operations will be again re
sumed. I acknowledge with pleasure the valuable
services of the commission in the important work com
mitted to their charge.
The city authorities, appreciating the necessity of
placing all the low lands in the vicinity of the city in
order, have urged on proprietors a prompt compliance
with the dry culture contracts. I am pleased to say
that many have responded cheerfully, notably the
Central Railroad Company, whose lands west of the
city are in a nearly perfect condition. There are still
many who have thus far neglected this important
work, but whom it is hoped will comply with their
contracts during this winter. In order that the city
authorities might be perfectly consistent in enforcing
the dry culture contracts on individuals, it has at a
large expense undertaken to place its lands, seven
hundred and fifty acres on Hutchinson's Island, in
good order. The work is now well advanced, and will
be completed during the next three months. These
lands have been leased to Mr. C. F. Stubbs for a term
of twenty-five years on the following terms: Five
years free, ten years, one hundred dollars per year;
ten years, five hundred dollars per year ; he giving
bond and security to keep the lands in strictly good
dry culture condition, and the banks intact and up to
the grade established by the City Surveyor. This im
provement has been carried on under the supervision
of the Dry Culture Committee at an expense of
$7,973 68 to this time. .It is estimated that it will re
quire $2,500 to fully complete the work. While this
is a large outlay in the present condition of the city's
finances, it is believed it will be justified by improv
ing the general health, and by transforming a bed of
14 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
malaria into fertile productive fields, whose increased
value at the expiration of the lease will more than
reimburse the city for the outlay.
The Dry Culture Committee have also had the direc
tion of the drainage of all the lands in the immediate
vicinity of the city east of the Springfield and Vale
Royal plantations. The total expenditure by this
committee, including the work done on Hutchinson's
Island, amounts to $12,218 50. The report of the
City Surveyor gives the details of the work done.
An Act of the Legislature, approved February 24,
1877, requiring the removal of the small-pox hospital
from the location at Thunderbolt, within sixty days
from that date, involved an expense of $3,000 for the
purchase of the property known as "Timber Land
ing" for that purpose. This, with the expense of fur
niture, guards and quarantining small-pox cases in
the city during the first four months of the year ; the
establishing and maintenance of a quarantine during
the prevalence of yellow fever at Fernandina, Fla.,
and Port Royal, S. C; the enclosing of a plat of
seven and a half acres adjoining Laurel Grove Ceme
tery and the building of a new fence on the eastern
line of the Cemetery, have carried the expenses of the
Health Department to a larger amount than has re
cently been expended in this branch of the public
service. In addition to this the city purchased the
best vaccine virus for free vaccination of the inhabi
tants. Great credit is due to the Chairman of the
Health and Cemetery Committee for originating and
organizing a system of free vaccination ; also to the
physicians who rendered their services gratuitously.
And it is gratifying to report that the scheme resulted
in the entire suppression of *he small-pox which had
prevailed in the city for three years, within the short
period of forty-five days. The expense of this depart
ment has been as follows :
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 15
Laurel Grove Cemetery, - - - -$4,779 41
Board of Health, 6,395 55
Quarantine, - - - -  - - 7,690 00
The experience of the past year has demonstrated
the necessity of greater accommodations for vessels
quarantined at the quarantine station and a hospital
for the accommodation of the sick, at some point in
the immediate vicinity. An efficient quarantine can
not, in my opinion, be maintained without adopting
these measures. In this and in other sanitary matters
the health of the city depends in a large measure upon
the individual citizen. The city authorities may
originate and institute the most effective measures for
the prevention of disease, and the maintenance of the
public health, but the hearty co-operation of the citi
zens generally is absolutely necessary to ensure suc
cess. The mortality during the past year has been
smaller than for many years previous, as the statisti
cal tables compiled by Dr. William Duncan, here
with appended, will exhibit.
The exemption of our city from epidemic disease
and the favorable condition of the public health dur
ing the year calls upon us, individually and collect
ively, for devout gratitude to Almighty God.
Very respectfully,
JOHN F. WHEATON,
Mayor.

MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. It
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REPORT OF FINANCE COMMITTEE.
SAVANNAH, GA., May 31, 1877.
The Finance Committee having completed their
labors, beg to submit as a result of their investiga
tions, the following exhibit of the financial condition
of the city, present and prospective, at this date :
LIABILITIES.
BONDETI DEBT, as per table marked A $3,473,800 00
MAYOR'S NOTES
Commissioners of Pilotage, Savannah $ 2,140 00
Eugene Kelly & Co., New York 50,000 00
National City Bank, New York 50,000 00
Merchants' National Bank, Savannah 57,000 00
Southern Bank of the State of Georgia, Sa
vannah 20,000 00
Savannah Bank and Trust Co , Savannah 18,000 00
Savannah Gas Light Co., Savannah 22,731 82
 $219,871 82
H. R. Worthington, for new Pump at Water Works 25,000 00
Coupons past due and unpaid , 72,175 00
Interest on past due obligations (estimatea) 7,500 00
$3,798,346 82
CONTINGENT LIABILITY.
City's endorsement on bonds of the Atlantic and
Gulf Railroad Company, now in default for In
terest, principal due January 1, 1879 $300,000
Interest now due and unpaid 10,500
 $310,500 00
Determined and undetermined responsibility $4,108,846 82
Against this stands first in order the available assets
of the city. By available assets the Committee have
in view only such items of property as can be sepa
rated from those necessary for the proper and efficient
32 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
administration of the affairs of the city, and can be
converted into money for the redemption of obliga
tions. Such items as the Water Works, Market
House and the Police Barracks, while each in them
selves valuable properties, and contributing to the
general wealth, are necessary and inseparable equip
ments, and integral parts of a complete organization,
and therefore are not entitled to a place in lists of
assets along with property not required for the public
service.
On page 34 of the Mayor's Report, for the year
ending 31st December, 1876, is a list of property
headed "Resources of the City of Savannah," a copy
of which is appended to this exhibit marked B.
To make more clear the position taken in regard to
the value of these assets, thay are detailed below ;
the figures in the first column representing the valua
tions in the said Mayor's Report, and the second col
umn the valuations by the Committee, with a separa
tion of the the available from the unavailable assets :
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 33
12,383 shares Atlantic and Gulf Railroad
stock*
1,307 shares Western Railroad of Alabama
stockf
1 share Southwestern Railroad stock
649 city lots, unpaid balance due by pur
chasers!
42 city lots unslod
Part of Hutchinson's Island
Part Springfield Plantation unsold
Tract of land purchased from J. A. Lakoche.
Tract of land on White Bluff road purchased
of Trustees Georgia lufirmary
Dredge boat, scows and boats
Exchange Building and Toombs
Water Works and site
Market House and fixtures ,
Fire Department, Engines, Hose Carriages,
Trucks, buildings, lots, etc
Police Barracks
City Pound, lots and improvemrnts
City Dispensary, lots and improvements
Powder Magazine. Keeper's house, etc
Lots, stables, mules, carts, etc., in use by
Street and Lane Committee
VALUATIONS.
Prom Mayor's Ee- By Fimnoe Com
port. mittee.
$1,238,300 00
130,700 00
100 00 85 00
2.015,000 00 540,000 00
m.ooo oo 25,000 00
10.000 00 1,000 00
40,000 00 10,000 00
7,000 00 3,000 00
9,000 00 3,000 00
50.000 0i' 2,500 00
104,000 00
300.000 00 Eeg-arded as
integral
150,000 00 parts of the
organization
76,000 00 of the muni
cipality and
50,000 00 [not available
15,000 00 assets, and
8,000 00 theret'orethe
commit tee
7,500 00 do not re
view the val
12,000 00 uations.
* In the hands of Receivers and property nut considered more than
adequate for mortgage debts.
t Road sold out under foreclosure of mortgage two years since, when
stock became worthless.
t Known as ground rent lots. Can be made fee simple at any time by
payment of the balance of purchase money, said balance only represent
ing the city's interest in them.
In addition to the above assets, should the decisions
of the courts, to which the legality of the ordinances
imposing the taxes has been appealed, be favorable
to the city, it is probable $100,000 can be realized from
the $163,000 of unpaid taxes for former years.
INCOME FOR 1877.
From the tax ordinance prepared by the previous
34 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
Board of Council, it is estimated that the income for
the present year from the various sources of taxation
will be, from
Real Estate, on a valuation of $14.000.000 @ IJ per cent...$210,000 00
Personal property, at $4,200,000 @ H per cent 63.000 00
Specific Taxes 40,000 00
Water Works 25,000 00
Market 15,000 00
Ground Rents 30,000 00
Rents from property owned by the city 3,000 00
Harbor Master's and other fees 6,000 00
Licenses 25,000 00
Badges 200 00
City Court (fees from Sheriff and Clerk) 600 00
Fines from various sources 700 00
$418,500 00
Less 10 per cent, for over estimates and loss of taxes 41,850 00
Probable income $376,650 00
EXPENDITURES1877.
From the most reliable data that can be had, cur
rent expenditures are estimated for
Board of Health $ 7,500 00
City Clocks '
250
00
City Court 4,000 00
Gas, Street Lamps ' 15,000 00
City Pumps 6
'
000 00
Docks and Wharves , I.000 00
Dry Culture 10 000 00
Fire Department 13>
0
00 00
Incidental Expenses S-000 00
Jail 4
'
000 00
Cemeteries 4
-
500 00
Market 3
>
500 00
Opening Streets and Lanes 5,000 00
Parks and Squares 4,000 00
Police Department 6
0>0C0 00
Printing and Stationerv 3,000 00
Public Schools ." 15.000 00
Salaries 18
.
000 00
Streets and Lanes 20,000 00
Scavenger's Department -
9
>200 00
Waterworks I
3
.
500 00
$219,450 00
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 35
Estimated income $376,650 00
Estimated expenditures 219,450 00
Leaving balance of income over expenditures. $157,200 00
Besides annual interest there are pressing for ad
justment
MATURED OBLIGATIONS.
Mayor's Notes past due $219,871 82
Coupons past due 72,175 00
H. R- Worthington, for Pump 25,000 00
 $ 317,046 82
AND OBLIGATIONS TO MATURE.
Bonds due February 1, 1878 $198,000 00
Coupons and interest to January 1st, 1879.... 430,754 00
 $ 628,754 00
Current expenses fiscal year 1878 180,000 00
$ 1,125,800 82
DEDUCT.
Balance over current expenses 1877 $157,200 00
Probable income 1878 300,000 00
 $ 457,200 00
Deficit January 1st, 1879 $ 668,600 00
In addition to which, Bonds maturing in
1879 $117,00000
And also in 1879 matures the City's endorse
ment of the A. & G. R. R. Bonds and
' accumulated interest 342,000 00
 459,000 00
Present deficit and approaching indebtedness.. $ 1,12",600 82
In forming estimates for income, the valuation of
real estate of former years and the average receipts
from other sources, has been taken as the basis, and
in the same manner expenditures have been predi
cated largely upon the average of preceding years.
Another year it will be absolutely necessary to reduce
valuations. Real estate is now, for taxable purposes,
valued fully 33 per cent above a fair market price,
and the specific and other taxes imposed upon mer
cantile callings must be greatly lightened. To in-
36 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
crease, or attempt to maintain our present rate of
taxation, depressed as our community is now, and
has been for several years past, must work infinite
detriment to every interest, creditor as well as debtor,
oppressive in the extreme to those owning real estate,
and paralyzing to business enterprise and genera)
prosperity.
The Committee have come reluctantly to this con
clusion, only after the most thorough examination
into the facts herein set forth, in which they have been
materially assisted by the replies of citizens to the
circular of enquiry, in which, has been brought
prominently and truthfully forward the relative con
dition of real estate in successive periods since 1870.
The Committee, therefore, believe that an income of
three hundred thousand dollars is the utmost it will
be safe to calculate upon, or provide by a tax levy
another year.
Under engagements in force when the present Ad
ministration entered upon its duties, it has been
found impracticable, though persistently attempted,
to effect any material reductions in the expenditures
of the current year. It is proper to remark, how
ever, that many of the Departments of the City Gov
ernment are now being carried on at a minimum rate
of expense, as low as efficiency and safety will war
rant ; still, there are departments in which savings
can be accomplished, sufficient, probably, to bring
the current expenses to about $180,000 for future
years. But this will afford only $120,000 excess of
receipts over expenditures for interest. If this amount
were adequate for the interest, now amounting to
about $285,000, the available assets of the city could
be diverted to the creation of a sinking fund for
gradually extinguishing the obligations of the city,
until more prosperous times would permit an in
crease of taxation, or naturally swell the volume of
our net income.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 37
Except where the most careful attention is devoted
to the subject, it is impossible to realize the de
pressed condition of the material and other interests
of the city, receiving its first blow in the general
panic of 1873, and ere there was time to recover it
was prostrated by the fearful epidemic of 1876.
By none are these results more regretted than the
Committee, which entered upon the duty assigned
it in this investigation, very hopeful of being able to
suggest some other solution of the embarrassments
of the city, than the unpleasant alternative that now
seems unavoidable, unless resort is had to a rate of
taxation that will be destructive alike to the interest
of creditor and debtor; and, in the end, defeat
rather than accomplish the object sought to be at
tained.
From the figures of the Committee, the burden of
the present and prospective debt of the city is quite
double the ability of the community to sustain. How
to adjust this to the exigencies of the case, and meet
all the com] licate questions likely to arise under any
plan that may be devised, the Committee think had
better come of a joint conference of the creditors and
the authorities, such as is arranged for the 6th June
proximo, and therefore refrain from submitting any
plan.
In submitting this report, the Committee, in conclu
sion, say that it has sought earnestly to set forth the
situation with such clearness that it might be readily
understood, stating the obligations as they find them,
and without any investigation whatever into their
legal merits.
W. H. TISON, Chairman,
D. G. PURSE,
C. E. GROOVER,
JAMES H. JOHNSTON,
SAMUEL P. HAMILTON.
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MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 39
RESOURCES OF THE CITY OF SAVANNAH.
RAILROAD STOCK 
12,383 Shares of Atlantic and Gulf Rail
road Stock $1,238,300 00
1,307 Shares Western Railroad Stock 130,700 00
1 Share Southwestern Railroad Stock 100 00
$1,369,100 00
13,691 shares.
CITY hois AND OTHER PROPERTY
693 Lots under lease $2,015,000 00
35 Lotsnotsold 120,000 00
Springfield Plantation 40,000 00
Water Works and Site 300,000 00
Part of Hutchinson's Island 10,000 00
City Dispensary 8,000 00
Exchange Building 100,000 00
New Market House and fixtures 150,000 00
City Pound, etc 15,000 00
Fire Department Lots and Buildings 76 000 00
Police Barracks and Property 50,000 00
Powder Magazine, Keeper's House, etc... 7,500 00
Tombs East of Exchange 4,000 00
Streets and Lanes, Lot and Stables 12,000 00
Tract of land purchased (rom J. A. LaRoche 7,000 00
Dredge Machines, Scows, and Boats 50,000 00
Tract of Land from Georgia Infirmary, on
White Bluff Road 9,000 00
2,973,500 00
$4,342,600 00
40 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
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Savannah, Oct,
REPORT OF CHIEF OF POLICE.
OFFICE CHIEF OF POLICE,
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1878.
HON. JOHN F. WHEATON,
Mayor Savannah, Ga.:
SIR :I have the honor very respectfully to submit
herewith my twelfth Annual Report of the Police
Department for the year ending December 31st,
1877.
The aggregate strength of the Department is fiftyJive, as follows :
Chief, 1
Lieutenants, --1
Sergeants, 5
Privates, 46
Privates paid by Banks, ----- 2
Aggregate, 55
During the year 1,540 arrests have been made, be
ing 320 more than the year previous. Of this num
ber 699 were white and 841 colored, who were arrested
for the following crimes and misdemeanors :
OFFENSE. WHITE. COLORED. TOTAL.
Assault and Battery, - 56 43 99
Assault with intent, to kill, 8 16 24
Burglary, ... 1 \
Contempt of Court, - 4 7 11
Drunkenness, - - 311 114 425
Disorderly conduct, - 118 212 330
Disturbing public worship, 5 5
Fighting, 33 98 131
Disorderly driving, - 2 2
5 4 9
12 112 124
5 7 12
1 1 2
14 13 27
34 67 101
39 68 107
2 2
57 71 128
46 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
OFFENSE. WHITE. COLORED. TOTAL.
Interference with Officers,
Larceny,
Licentious conduct,
Obtaining goods under
false pretences, -
Resisting Officers,
Vagrants and suspicious
characters,
Safe keeping.
Violating Quarantine Reg
ulations,
Violating City Ordinances,
Total, - - 699 841 1,540
Number of animals impounded during the year, 164.
Number of stores and dwellings found open. 39.
Number of fires which occurred, and to which
suitable details from the Department were sent to
preserve order and protect property, 47.
Number of Lodgers at Police Barracks, 851 white ;
45 colored. Total, 896.
CASUALTIES AND CHANGES IN THE DEPARTMENT.
Resigned, ..... 2
Dropped, . ... - 2
Dismissed, ----- 2
Total, 6
During the past year (21) twent3^-one members of
the Department were detailed as Sanitary Inspectors,
who, from the first of May to the first of December,
performed their arduous and delicate duties in a
thorough, energetic and intelligent manner.
The morale and discipline of the Force is most ex
cellent, and I am proud to assert that the Department
merits the esteem, confidence and encouragement of
the Council and of the good citizens of this commu-
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 47
nity for the zeal, fidelity and courage with which the
members have always performed their duty.
With many thanks to your Honor for the valuable
assistance and co-operation which you have always
extended me in maintaining the efficiency, discipline
and welfare of the Department, and for the very com
plimentary manner in which you have ever recog
nized my personal efforts and services, I have the
honor to remain,
Verv respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
R. H. ANDERSON,
Chief of Police.
REPORT OF CITY MARSHALOFFICE CITY MARSHAL, "j
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1878. j
HON. JOHN F. WHEATON,
Mayor Savannah, Ga.:
SIR :I have the honor to report that since I en
tered upon my duties as City Marshal, that is to say
from the 1st of July to December 31st, 1877, inclu
sive, I have collected the following amounts and have
paid the same over to the City Treasurer :
Taxes, 1875, Real Estate, etc., - - $ 750 65
" 1876, Real Estate, - - - 6,334 08
" 1877, Real Estate, - - - 20,188 43
" 1877, Specific, - 12,104 75
" 1876, Specific, - 475 00
MarketRent of Stores, - - - 1,160 39
" " " Stalls, - - - 3,831 25
City LotsSale of Improve
ments No. 5 CuthbertWa'd, - - 115 00
MentRent from House, No.
5, Cuthbert Ward, - - - 12 00
FeesPound, 47 00
" Executions - - 264 00
$45,282 55
All Lots in arrears for Ground Rent have been
re-entered as the Ordinance directs.
No City Lots have been sold during my term of
office. I have the honor to be
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
L. L. GOODWIN,
City Marshal.
REPORT OF CITY SURVEYOR.
CITY SURVEYOR'S OFFICE, )
SAVANNAH, January 1, 1878. j
HON. JOHN F. WHEATON,
Mayor :
DEAR SIR :I respectfully submit the following
statement of work done during the year ending De
cember 31, 1877, in the Departments of Streets and
Lanes, and Parks and Squares, Alderman John R.
Hamlet Chairman ; Dry Culture, Alderman James J.
Waring Chairman ; Docks and Wharves, Alderman
H. F. Willink Chairman.
STREETS AND LANES.
The number of men composing the Force in this
Department has been reduced from twenty-four to sev
enteen, since the date of my last report. They are
distributed as follows:
Foreman, - 1
Pavers, ------ 2
Stableman, - - - - - 1
Bridge Builder for Street Crossings, - - 1
Crossing Cleaner, - 1
Laborers, - . - - - H
Total 17
The number of carts employed has been seven.
The total expense of the Department for work of
every kind, including time of hands, material, feed of
stock, repairs to carts, harness, tools, etc., contract
work, etc., has been $17,638 16.
4
50 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
/
PAVING.
Owing to the difficulty of obtaining rock ballast,
but little paving has been done during the year.
The portion of Whitaker Street, from Gordon Lane
to the south side of Gaston, was finished early in the
year. The wooden gutter, east of Price, being in a
decayed condition, was removed and a stone gutter
substituted, 12 feet wide and 350 feet in length.
Though done at small cost, it has removed a great in
convenience by enabling vehicles to cross the street
and preventing the wash after every rain. The gutter
might be advantageously extended to Habersham
Street.
Two thousand four hundred and ninety-eight square
yards of paving, in repairs to paved streets and cross
ings, have been done at the following points :
Price and President Street Gutter,
President, east of Price,
< River Street,
Slip foot of Abercorn, -
Arou rid the Market, -
Slip foot of West Broad Street, -
Slip foot of East Broad Street,
Bay Street,
East Broad Street, -
Liberty and Thunderbolt Road, -
Drayton Street,
Randolph Street, -
Jones Street, East of Price,
Canal Street,
Crossings damaged by washes, -
West Broad and Bay Lane Crossing, -
Montgomery and Broughton Crossing,-
Price and South Broad Crossing,
Jefferson, at Hull and Liberty Cross
ing,
Drayton, at Harris and Macon Cross
ing, ... -
464 yards.
44
150
75
125
50
60
120
20
52
15
10
466
370
110
20
127
20
40
40
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 51
10 yards.
90 (t
Gaston and Abercorn Crossing,
Bull, at Gordon and Macon Crossing, -
Jefferson and Perry, -
2,498 "
Forty-four new crossings have been put down at the
following points :
West Broad and Margaret, - 88 yards.
East Broad and Broughton, - - 74
Barnard and Congress and Congress
Lane, 109
Habersham at President, State and
York, 123
Anderson and Barnard, ... 74
Hall and Tattnall, .... 70
Bay and Drayton (2), - - - 106
Bay, at East Broad and Houston (2), - 96
Barnard, at Bolton and Tattnall (2), - 96
Barnard, at Wayne and Taylor (6), - 639
Gwinnett, at Barnard and East
Broad (2), - 146
Bull, at South Broad, York Lane and
Wayne (3), 138
Bull and Gordon (2), .... 88
Bull and Broughton, - 46
Tattnall, at Jones and Berrien (2), - 99
Jones, at West Boundary & Guerard, 121
Jones and Purse, - 24
Sims Street (4), - - - - 145
Guerard and Sims, , 45
Montgomery at Congress Lane and
Jones (2), 102
Broughton Street, between Bull and
Whitaker. 60
Gaston and Whitaker, ... 34
2,523
52
The decayed condition of the wooden block pave
ment on the northern side of Bay Street, between
Drayton and Whitaker, has become so great an in
convenience that its removal is imperatively required.
A supply of stone nearly sufficient has been accumu
lated, and the work of repaving will be commenced
immediately. I would respectfully urge the use of
the blocks of Blue Stone of the same description as
on the portions of the street east. This section, more
than any other, would seem to require a good pave
ment.
SEWERS.
No Sewers have been built during the year, but the
following pipe drains and culverts have been laid
down :
A cement pipe drain of the diameter of 22 inches,
in the bed of Lamar's Canal, which is being fitted up
by the proprietor.
A covered brick drain at the foot of Gas House
Hill, emptying into the river at the Ferry slip, for car
rying off the hill-side springs, which kept the vicinity
saturated with water. Both these localities had pre
viously been very offensive. This evil has now been
effectually remedied.
A cement pipe drain of the diameter of fifteen
inches from the intersection of Randolph and Liberty
Streets, east, to the east side of the Thunderbolt
Road, and thence along the road, has been substi
tuted for the wooden drains which had become de
cayed and dangerous. Total length, 320 feet.
The West Boundary Street Sewer, located as it is at
the foot of the Western slope of the city, necessarily
receives a very large quantity of sand through the
connecting sewers running east. The accumulation
was found, on examination, to be so great as to ren
der cleaning absolutely necessary. Much time and
labor have been expended on the work, but until the
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 53
intersecting streets are paved, this labor must continue
to be performed at intervals of every few years. The
cost of cleaning the sewer has been $696 00.
A petition signed by the adjoining residents having
been laid before Council for rebuilding upon proper
grades the Barnard Street Sewer, and Council, having
referred the same to the Committee on Streets and
Lanes, a profile and specifications have been made
of the proposed sewer for the following routecom
mencing at the centre of Jones Lane, in Barnard
Street, and running north to the centre of Perry, thir
teen hundred and twenty-thi-ee feet, thence east in
Perry one hundred feet, thence north along the east
ern side of Orleans Square two hundred and thirty
feet, to the centre of Hull, thence east to the centra of
Whitaker two hundred and forty-four feet, thence
north in Whitaker one thousand and ninety feet, to
the Broughton Street Sewer, with which it will con
nect; the total distance being two thousand nine hun
dred and eighty-seven feet.
Should Council order the construction of this sewer,
a great relief will be afforded to the residents in
Whitaker Street, between McDonough and York, who
have suffered for so many years from the great accu
mulation of water during heavy rain falls. The esti
mated cost of the work is $10,000 00.
Two new cesspools have been built at the intersec
tion of Gwinnett and East Broad Streets, connecting
with the East Broad Street Sewer. They were ren
dered necessary by the washing away of portions of
these streets into the low grounds adjoining.
It has been found necessary to re-coat with cement
the interior of a number of cesspools, which leaked
to such an extent as to destroy the water trap and per
mit the escape of offensive exhalations from the sew
ers. Twenty-two have been provided with water con
nections, located principally on East Broad.
Property of Mayor's Offfoe,
Savannah, Ga,
54 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
The cesspools on West Broad Street, north of
Broughton, have heretofore been unprovided with
traps, and had become very offensive. They are now
supplied with this necessary provision.
At the commencement of the year it was thought
more ecpnomical to contract for the monthly cleaning
of the cesspools, instead of by day's work as pre
viously. This has been done at a cost of $800 00,
the city removing the sand thrown out.
A large catch basin has been constructed at the
head of the West Boundary Street Sewer, and the
drainage of that portion of the Central Railroad De
pot, on the south side of Railroad Street, restored by
cleaning out and repairing the brick drain extending
to the upper end of the Screven Sewer.
GRADING.
The grading of the southern end of West Bounda
ry Street has been completed.
Extensive washes in Jones, Sims, Walker and
Guerard Streets, caused by heavy rains early in the
summer, were repaired. Over two thousand loads of
brickbats were hauled for this purpose in these and
other adjoining streets. The excavation from the
cellars of the new buildings, corner of Whitaker and
Broughton Streets, was to a great extent deposited
on West Broad Street, south of Liberty; and on
Margaret, Williams and Zubly Streets. Similar
washes occur yearly at both the eastern and western
sides of the city from the steepness of the grade of
the streets, and until they can be paved will con
tinue to require the expenditure of labor and moneyMontgomery Street, between Gwinnett and Bolton,
also between Henry and Anderson ; and Anderson
Street, between Montgomery and Jefferson, have been
graded. Ponds of water were formed at these points
during wet weather, giving rise to a great deal of
complaint. Washes in Gwinnett Street near the At-
.ayor s
Savannah, Qa,
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 55
lantic and Gulf Railroad have been sheet piled and
repaired. The lanes of the city have been cleaned
and levelled three times during the year, the paved
gutters regularly cleaned and the grade of the streets
preserved by removing obstructions wherever they oc
curred.
DOCKS AND WHARVES.
The amount of expenditure in this department for
the year has been $1,431 56.
The following work has been done :
The eastern side of the Public Dock, at the foot of
West Broad Street has been rebuilt in accordance
with the plan of open wharves adopted by Council,
September 9th, 1874, and the remainder of the dock
and the catch basin repaired.
The dock at the foot of East Broad Street has al
ways been defective and insecure from the absence of
sheet piling. The hill-side springs which find their
outlet near low water mark, by carrying along with
' them quantities of the fine sand, undermine the filling
behind the logs. A double row of three-inch sheel
piling has been driven along the entire front of the
dock to a depth of six feet below low water mark.
The city's wharves, at the foot of Drayton and Whit
aker Streets, have been thoroughly repaired by
splicing the decayed piles, putting in new cap logs,
joist and floor.
Minor repairs have also been made to the dock at
the foot of Barnard Street. I would respectfully urge
the importance of a permanent bulkhead of brick,
upon a pile foundation, at this point. This dock is
used to a greater extent by the public than probably
any other of the public docks of the city. The pre
sent wooden bulkhead is in a very decayed condition,
and the building of a permanent structure of the
character designated would be true economy.
56 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
BRIDGES AND PLANK ROAD.
The bridge crossing the Savannah and Ogeechee
Canal, on the line of Bryan street, built in 1871, upon
examination, proved to be so much decayed that it
became necessary to remove the entire superstructure
above the piles. It is now in good order.
The various foot bridges, crossing the steps on Bay
Street, have received necessary repairs. Seventy (70)
small bridges in the street crossings have been put
down, and one hundred and fifty feet of the plank
road on River Street has been taken up and repaired.
PARKS AND SQUARES.
This department has cost for the year $3,522 29,
salary of Keeper of Forsyth Park included. The fol
lowing work, other than the ground work of keeping
the squares and parks clean, has been done.
The fence surrounding the Parade Ground, a large
proportion of the posts having decayed, has been re
paired.
Chatham Square has been regraded, the surface
being raised nearly one foot over the whole area, and
macadamized walks with brick curbs laid down.
Early in the Summer the trees and tree boxes in the
squares were whitewashed as also the trees generally,
planted by the city, and the trimming of trees, planted
by individuals as well as those planted by the city,
was commenced in October, and continued up to the
present time. Much time and labor has been spent
in this work.
DRY CULTURE.
The operations'in this department during the past
year have been on a more extensive scale than for
many previous years. A considerable portion of this
work has been done on the low lands of the Spring
field Plantation, under the direction of the Commis
sioners of Drainage, appointed by the Legislature.
Without anticipating in any way the report of said
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 57
commission, I may be allowed to state that the em
bankments of the Springfield Canal have been raised
and strengthened so as to prevent the possibility of
overflow from any accumulation of the waters of the
swamp above, and the portion of the canal between
the Louisville Road and the Savannah and Ogeechee
Canal, previously so contracted as to present a serious
obstacle to the free passage of the water, widened and
deepened.
Heretofore all the rain-fall of the western slope of
the city, opposite the Plantation, flowed into and upon
these lands, and carrying with it large quantities of
sand, filling the ditches and largely increasing the
labor and expense of keeping them in good condition.
This has been completely obviated by widening and
deepening the brow drain, and throwing up an em
bankment of sufficient height to prevent any overflow.
A permanent brick culvert has been placed at the in
tersection of the drain and Gwinnett street, and whereever the drain was liable to wash, retaining walls of
wood have been put in. For the purpose of keeping
the drain free of the sand which unavoidably is
washed into it, catch basins of wood have been built
along the line to a depth of from four to six feet below
the bottom. The largest of these is at the opening of
the Screven sewer, and is sixty feet long, ten feet
wide, and six feet below the bottom of the drain. All
the ditches on the Plantation have been thoroughly
cleaned and deepened, and the condition of the lands
since the discontinuance of the work has been excel
lent.
HUTCHINSON'S ISLAND.
The work of restoring the city lands on this Island
to the condition contemplated by the Dry Culture
contract, was commenced in the latter part of May.
During the first two months the only labor employed
was that of the Chain Gang of the County, under the
supervision of Gen. George P. Harrison. It becom-
58 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
ing necessary to employ this force elsewhere, they
were withdrawn and hired labor instituted. These
lands having been utterly neglected for many years,
the work of restoring them has been necessarily great.
Four large breaks in the river embankments on the
north side of the Island, measuring from fifty to
eighty feet in width, and ten to sixteen feet in depth
at high water, and eight others at points on the north
and south sides, though not so large, still serious
enough to require much time and labor, have been
closed. Heavy piling has been driven on the river
side of the largest of the breaks, and capped, and
sheet piling, three inches in thickness and sixteen feet
in depth driven in double rows, the margins have been
filled up, and the work at this time presents every ap
pearance of durability.
The whole length of river embankment is somewhat
over four miles. Of this five hundred and seventyfive rods were completed under the above supervision.
The remainder has been contracted for by Col. T. J.
Smith, at the following rates :" For all old dams made
up to grade $2 25 per running rod ; for new dam $2 75
per running rod. This includes opening the face
ditches to the depth of four feet.
The elevation of the embankments has been estab
lished at ten feet above low water mark, the top
width at three feet six inches, and the side slopes at
one to one. This elevation gives an average height to
the embankments of five feet above the general level
of the lands and a width at base of thirteen feet six
inches. Substantial grade stakes of 4x4 scantling
have been placed in the centre of the embankments,
the top at grade. It is expected that these will last a
number of years, and enable the lessee to preserve
the levels with accuracy
It is probable that by the middle of February the
entire river embankment will be in condition to shut
out the tides, and the early completion of the work
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 59
thereafter, assured. Much will remain to be done,
however, after the city shall have completed all the
work necessary to secure the lands from overflow, by
the lessee, before the thorough drainage contemplated
by the Dry Culture contract is effected.
The free admission of tide water into this Canal at
all times, except during the prevalence of high easter
ly winds and spring tides, has been kept up during
the year ; under this treatment, but little of the offensiveness so much complained of previously has been
observable. I beg to call your Honor's attention to
the following plan which, at comparatively little cost,
will, I believe, render this Canal entirely free from
any injurious effect upon the health of the city. It is
to lay a pipe of the diameter, say of two feet, from a
point just within the mouth of the Bolton Sewer, and
extending parallel with the Canal at the outer base of
the eastern embankment, to a point below Lawton's
Bridge, where it will discharge into the Canal. This
pipe will receive and carry off-all the sewage matter
from the sewer. Only during heavy rains will the
Canal be required, and at these times the intermixture
of sewage matter will be so small as to be productive
of no ill effects. The portion of the Canal below
Lawton's Bridge can never be offensive, as we have the
whole force of the tide twice every day for the re
moval of the matter from the pipe.
A pipe drain of the length of six hundred feet, and
having a vertical diameter of thirty inches, has been
laid through the lands of Mrs. Nevitt, in the open
ditch leading from the Bolton Sewer to the Teynac
swamp. The ditch has been filled up, and the surface
of the land restored. A smaller branch pipe, of the
diameter of fifteen inches, has been laid in the cut
made for draining the low land adjoining, and this
also filled and graded.
60 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
The open ditches in the southeastern, eastern and
western portions of the city, have been kept clean by
repeated workings, and new ditches cut where re
quired.
I am, dear sir, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
JOHN B. HOGG,
City Surveyor.
REPORT OF CLERK OF COUNCIL.
OFFICE CLERK OF COUNCIL,
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1878.
HON. JOHN F. WHEATON,
Mayor of Savannah:
SIR :I have the honor to transmit the following
report of the transactions of this office for the year
1877:
STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS FOR THE TEAR COMMENCING JANUARY 1ST AND
ENDING DECEMBER 31ST.
Licenses $2,974 90
Fines 1,979 25
Sewer Permits 316 00
Fees 81 00
Badges 654 00
$6,005 15
The records of the city are written up to date. The
number of notices issued from this office to property
owners to abate nuisances, 910.
The number of sinks and dry wells cleaned under
the direction of the Board of Health, 305.
Very respectfully,
E. A. SILVA,
Clerk of Council.

REPORT OF CHIEF ENGINEER.
SAVANNAH FIRE DEPARTMENT.
OFFICE OF CHIEF ENGINEER, )
SAVANNAH, GA., December 31, 1877. )
To the Honorable Mayor and Aldermen
of the City of Savannah, Ga.:
GENTLEMEN :It is my pleasure in compliance with
the Ordinances of the City, to submit this, my (third)
Annual Report of the Fire Department, its efficiency,
labors, etc., for the year ending this day.
The effective force of the Department remains the
same as at my last annual report, viz :
Chief Engineer,
Assistant Chief Engineer,
Superintendent Fire Alarm Telegraph,
Secretary,
and
One hundred and forty-three officers and men.
The apparatus and appurtenances consist of
Four Steam Engines,
One Hook and Ladder Truck,
Three Horse Reels,
Two Hand Reels,
1,800 feet Leather Hose,
2,450 feet Rubber Hose,
Distributed as follows, viz :
Engine No. 1, on Broughton, near Houston street
Engine No. 2, on Congress, near Montgomery street.
Engine No. 3, on South Broad, corner Abercorn
street.
64 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
Engine No. 4, on South Broad, corner Abercorn
street.
Hook and Ladder Truck, on South Broad, corner
Abercorn street.
Protection Reel, near Anderson street.
Cleburne Reel, near Farm street.
Hose is apportioned as follows, viz :
650 feet to each Horse Reel, 500 feet to Protection
Reel, 300 feet to Cleburne Reel, 250 feet at jail, and
balance held in reserve at headquarters, corner Aber
corn and South Broad streets.
For the expenses of the Department, schedule of
property, number of fires, etc , I respectfully refer
you to report of the Secretary herewith appended.
The cost in this department for the year is compara
tively light, as the machinist and men of the force
have been able to do most of the work of repairs, etc.
The water supply in the western part of the city is
still inadequate. West of West Broad street the
pipes are so small that but one engine can be worked
at a time. I respectfully recommend the laying down
of a six inch pipe in Indian or some adjacent street,
as the number and value of buildings have greatly
increased in the northwestern part of the city during
the year.
THE FIRE ALARM TELEGRAPH
was overhauled and put in good order in August last,
and is now in excellent condition. For details, I re
spectfully refer you to the report of the Superinten
dent accompanying.
The horses attached to Engine Bartow, notwith
standing the great care taken of them, are becoming
unfit for the service. I respectfully recommend that
they be sold, and their places be supplied with a pair
suitable for the required work.
I cannot speak in terms too high of the efficiency
of the Officers and men of the Department. Although
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 65
we have had a great many fires during the year,
through the promptness, energy and zeal of the
Force, losses have been comparatively light. A De
partment that can have a stream of water on a fire
distant from location of engine, from South Broad
street to Bay street, in four minutes from the first belltap (this we have done), can compare their efficiency
with any.
I am thankful to be able to say that the entire
Force has been free from casualty during the year.
The Department is under many obligations to the
Volunteer Firemen for valuable assistance rendered.
I respectfully call your attention to the need of a
shed for the Steamer J. W. Anderson. The space in
the yard at Fireman's Hall can, I think, be made
available for that purpose.
To my Officers and Men I render cheerful tribute
for faithful services performed ; to the Police Depart
ment thanks for valuable aid.
Returning thanks to His Honor the Mayor and
Committee on Fire Department for many courtesies,
I am,
Your obedient servant,
FRANK BLAIR,
Chief Engineer S. F. D.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF THE FIRE
ALARM TELEGRAPH,
SAVANNAH, GA , December 31, 1877.
To F. BLAIR, ESQ.,
Chief Fire Department :
DEAR SIR :I respectfully submit the following
report of the condition of the Fire Alarm Telegraph :
The first part of the year there was some trouble
on the wires, but since they received general repairs
in August they have been working much better ; and,
with the exception of a few poles needed, I consider
the wires and machinery in good working order.
Very respectfully, yours, &c.,
J. W. JONES,
Superintendent F. A. T.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 67
REPORT OF SECRETARY OF FIRE DEPART
MENT.
OFFICE SECRETARY )
SAVANNAH FIRE DEPARTMENT, >
SAVANNAH, GA , December 31, 1877. )
F. BLAIR, ESQ.,
Chief Engineer Samnnah Fire Department :
DEAR SIR :In accordance with your instructions
I herewith respectfully submit my report as Secretary
of The Savannah Fire Department for the year ending
December 31st, 1877.
STATEMENT OF EXPENSES.
The following accounts have been passed and for
warded to City Council for payment during the past
twelve months:
Pay Roll to December 31st, 1877 $10,769 76
Expenses of Horses and Forage 1,912 63
Ordinary Expenses for Repairs to Apparatus.... 915 92
Supplies for Companies 155 54
Repairs to Engine Houses Ill 31
Appropriation for Gas 62 50
Ordinary Expenses for Fire Alarm Telegraph.... 440 08
Repairs to Department Wagon 28 75
Purchase of Supplies and Incidentals 193 22 14,589 71
PROPERTY ACCOUNT.
Eight hundred feet Hose (leather) 1,123 90
$15,713 61
68 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
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70 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
RECAPITULATION.
NUMBER OF FIRES AND ALARMS IN 1877. LOSSES. INSURANCE
January 4..
February ....2..
March 6
April 7..
May 4..
June 4..
July 4 . August 1..
September...3 .
October 5..
November... 4.
December...3..
Total 47
$ 1,550 00$ 900 00
240 00i 2,000 00
4.825 00j 6,200 00
6,300 00, 9,400 00
1,985 83 15,400 00
150 00'..
8,850 oo; 500 00
600 00 1,000 00
500 001..
13,050 00 125,i 00 00
2,600 00! 2,500 00
$ 41,035 83!$10O0000
SERVICES OF THE VARIOUS ENGINES, HOSe REELS AND HOOK AND LADDER
TRUCK.
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INVENTORY OF PROPERTY.
Engine No. 1, Washington.I two-story engine
house ; 1 steam fire engine ; 1 horse hose reel; 22 feet
suction hose ; 8 feet hydrant suction ; 650 feet hose in
good order ; 3 horses and harness ; 4 extra wheels for
steamer ; 1 coal cart ; 1 alarm gong ; 3 pipes and noz
zles ; 1 single lamp ; 2 side lamps ; 1 washstand ; 1
stove and pipe; lot tools for engine; blankets and
articles necessary for stable ; half lot No. 37 Wash
ington ward ; bedsteads and bedding for sleeping
quarters.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 71
Engine A/o. 2, Waver.1 steam fire engine ; 14 feet
suction hose ; 8 feet hydrant suction ; 10 feet street
sprinkling hose ; 650 feet hose in good order ; 3 horses
and harness ; 1 horse hose reel ; blankets and articles
necessary for stable ; 1 coal cart; 1 alarm bell ; 1
alarm gong ; 1 stove and pipe ; lot tools necessary for
engine ; bedsteads and bedding for sleeping quarters.
Engine No. 3, Bartow1 steam fire engine ; 20 feet
suction hose ; 8 feet hydrant suction ; 650 feet hose in
good order ; 3 horses and harness ; horse blankets
and articles necessary for stable ; 1 stove and pipe ;
1 alarm gong ; 1 horse hose reel ; tools for engine ;
bedsteads and bedding for sleeping quarters.
Werner Hook and Ladder Company.1 truck ; 2
pair fire extinguishers ; 1 extension ladder, 65 feet; 1
ladder, 35 feet ; 1 ladder, 30 feet ; 1 ladder, 24 feet; 1
ladder, 18 feet; 1 ladder, 12 feet ; 1 large fire hook,
with pole chain, and 90 feet rope ; 4 old ladders ; 8
small hand hooks ; 2 reflector lamps ; 1 extension
coupling pole; 4 axes ; 2 mauls ; 2 large hooks with
chains ; 1 jackscrew ; 2 coils rope ; 1 pair horses and
harness ; blankets and articles necessary for stable ;
1 alarm gong ; bedsteads and bedding for sleeping
quarters.
Auxiliary Hose No. 1, Cleburne.300 feet hose; 1
stove and pipe.
Auxiliary Hose No. 2, Mutual Protection.1 hose
carriage ; 50o feet hose.
Property under control of the Department.1 steam
fire engine (J W. Anderson) ; 16 feet suction hose ; 8
feet hydrant suction ; lot tools necessary for engine ;
4 alarm gongs ; 1 two horse wagon ; Fireman's Hall,
South Broad and Abercorn streets ; lot No. 13 Cal
houn ward ; lot No. 23 Forsyth ward ; large alarm
bell ; 3 old hand engines ; 1,500 feet hose in reserve ;
house and lot 33 Charlton ward ; alarm bell tower ;
fire alarm telegraph.
Respectfully submitted, GEO. MOURO,
Seretary Savannah Fire Department.
SAVANNAH WATER WORKS.
BEPOKT OF SUPERINTENDENT.
OFFICE WATER WORKS, )
SAVANNAH, January 1, 1878. )
Hon. J. F. WHEATON,
Mayor, Savannah :
SIRI beg leave to make the following report upon
the works under my charge :
The general condition of the Water Works is good,
and they will need but little in the way of repair dur
ing the ensuing year ; the inlet, however, through
which the water from the river is received, needs some
attention. .
The total number of hours run by all the pumps
during the past year is 8,597. Of these the old pumps
run 1,311 hours during the overhauling of the Duplex
pump. The Duplex pump has worked with great sat
isfaction during the past year, and required but trivial
repair. The quantity of water pumped during the
past year aggregated 652,460,349 gallons.
Four hundred and seventy-five feet of four-inch pipe
have been laid in River Street, from Farm Street to the
Upper Cotton Press, and one new fire hydrant has been
placed opposite the jail.
Three hundred and eighty-one feet of sixteen inch
sewer pipe has been laid in Montgomery Street, con
necting the overflow pipe of the high service reservoir
with the Broughton Street sewer for the purpose of
utilizing the overflow water in flushing the sewer.
The portion of the water works land not used for
water works purposes is now rented at two hundred
and fifty dollars per annum.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 73
During the past year three hundred and four cess
pools having water connections have been turned over
to the Water Works Department. Upon taking charge
of them, I found in seven the water fixtures out of
order, which I have had repaired. A number of these
cesspools will not hold water twenty-four hours, and
should be repaired.
The increased number of vessels docking at the Cen.
tral Railroad wharves and in the passage through
which our water is received, passing under their keels,
the city authorities believing that the matter had as
sumed a character so grave as to require some action
on their part, the Mayor and Aldermen and the Com
missioners of the water works visited several points
up the river for the purpose of locating a point at
which to take in water where the local influences, that
they are now troubled with, would begot rid of. The
financial condition of, the city has, however, delayed
action in the matter.
Respectfully, Your Obedient Servant,
R. D. GUERARD,
Superintendent S. W. W.
WATEK WORKS RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FOR 1877.
RECEIPTS
Received for Water Rents $29,191 29
Received for Land of Water
Works Rented $ "36 00
Received for Old Posts sold by
Superintendent...., 2 40
Received for Old Boiler sold by
Superintendent - 350 00 388 40$29,579 69
EXPENDITURES
Regular expenses as follows (of
which paid bills of December,
1876, included, amounting to
$819 8R)....
Running Engines 3,443 42
Repairs Account(Repairs ma
chinery, furnaces, buildings,
etc.) 590 21
74 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
Connection Account(Stop cock,
boxes, taps, labor, etc) 581 09
Incidental Account  (Cutting
weeds, etc) 65 00
Salaries Account(Pay Roll of
Employees) 8,407 3713,087 09
EXTRAORDINARY EXPENDITURES, AS
FOLLOWS
Interest on contract price of Du
plex Engine, as follows :
Interest on several parts of En
gine from date of completion
to date of acceptance (from
November, 1874, to August 2d,
1875) 714 55
Interest on $25,000 00 (contract
price of Duplex Engine from
August 2d, 1875, to August 2d,
1876) 1,750 00
Interest on $25,000 00 Ccontract
price of Duplex Engine from
August 2d, 1876, to August 2d,
1877) 1,750 00
Premium on Exchange 4 38
4,218 93
Cost of Extensions and Hydrants 366 60
Amount paid on account of Sewer
connection from High Service
Reservoir to Bolton Street
Sewer 64 50
Laborers' wnges attending cess
pools and bibs 63 75
Amount paid J. C. Cornell on ac
count of contract taking Census
of Water Takers $150 00
Register Books, etc.,for do. 19 32 169 32
4,883 10
Making Total Expenditures $17,970 19
The above statement shows receipts over the regular expenses of the
Water Works $16,492 60, of this Water Works' bills for thirteen months.
The amount of extraordinary expenditures, to-wit: ($4,883 10)
should not be set down as expenses.
REPORT OF THE JAILER.
^.
JAILER'S OFFICE, )
SAVANNAH, GA., December 31, 1877. )
HON. JOHN F. WHEATON,
Mayor of the City of Savannah:
SIR :I have the honor to submit the following re
port of the Jail for the term commencing January 1,
1877, and ending December 31, 1877 :
The number of Prisoners received was 958
Amount due the City of Savannah for dieting Prisoners, are
as follows:
Chatham County $ 9,057 10
Other Counties 2,988 20
United States 632 20
$ 12,667 50
Cr. by deduction services Chain Gang 300 00
Balance $ 12,377 50
In conclusion allow me to say the past year, spent
under your administration, have been made pleasant
by the assistance which you and Alderman S. P.
Hamilton, Chairman Jail Committee, have ever ren
dered me in the discharge of my duties.
I am sir,
Your obedient servant,
WARING RUSSELL,
Jailer C. C.
REPORT OF CLERK OF MARKET.
OFFICE OF CLERK OF THE MARKET, j
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1878. )
HON. JOHN F. WHEATON,
Mayor of the City of Savannah :
SIR :I have the honor to submit herewith a state
ment of Market fees collected through this office for
the year ending December 31, 1877, and turned into
the City Treasury :
Total amount of fees collected $9,972 05
Average monthly collections $831 00
Average weekly collections 191 77
Increased as compared with 1876 763 25
I have the honor to be,
Respectfully yours,
HENRY L. DAVIS,
Clerk of the Market.
REPORT OF HEALTH OFFICER.
OFFICE OF HEALTH OFFICER, )
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1878. )
HON. JOHN F. WHEATON,
Mayor, and Chairman of the Board of
Sanitary Commissioners. Savannah:
SIR :I have the honor to submit the Health Office
Report for the official year, ending December 31, 1877.
The Board of Sanitary Commissioners, appointed
February 21, 1877, by Ordinance of the City Council
of Savannah, held its first meeting February 26, 1877,
and subsequent meetings on each Monday preceding
the regular meetings of Council, and extra meetings
when necessary to the public welfare.
The sanitary measures instituted by the Board for
the prevention and arrest of small-pox, which existed
to some extent in the city and county during January,
February and March, were the vaccination and re-vac
cination of the poor, and of all persons in the neigh
borhood of infected houses, the isolation, or removal
of cases to the Pest House, and the destruction of in
fected bedding and clothing, and the cleansing and
disinfection of houses and premises.
Weekly reports were made by the Health Officer of
the number of cases of small-pox in the city and coun
ty, and of those treated at the Pest House at Thun
derbolt.
March 5, 1877 The weekly inspection of the city
by the Police Officers, was recommended to be at once
instituted, with special reference to the sinks requiring
attention ; also, that the storing of guano within the
corporate limits of the city be prohibited by Ordi
nance.
78 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
A report on sewerage, cesspools, etc., from a commit
tee, appointed by the Georgia Medical Society, was
received, and referred to the Dry Culture Committee.
The use of lime on trees and about premises was
recommended.
April 2, 1877.The location of the new Small Pox
Hospital was determined, and the purchase of the
property known as Timber Landing, was recom
mended.
April 23, 1877.A special meeting of the Board was
held, at wnich the Health Officer made a report on
quarantine, in which the attention of the Board was
particularly directed to the following subjects, as mat
ters for discussion and regulation by the Board :
1st. The period of detention at quarantine of vessels
arriving from infected ports
2d. The disposition of ballast in these vessels, and
the most effective method of disinfecting them, etc.
The Health Officer was instructed to communicate
with the Commissioners of Pilotage, and the officials
in charge of the river improvements in regard to bal
last, and to correspond with the authorities at New
Orleans, New York and elsewhere, as to the best
method of disinfecting vessels and localities, with a
view to the prevention and arrest of j^ellow fever.
Answers upon these points having been received, it
was ordered by the Board
"That the period of detention as quarantine of ves
sels coming from infected ports should be at least ten
days after arrival, and that all such vessels should be
thoroughly cleansed and disinfected before coming to
the city."
" That the ballast of all vessels from infected ports
should be deposited in the Savannah river at the point
designated by the Commissioners of Pilotage."
" In the North Channel, to the north of Oyster Shell
Bed, opposite Cockspur island, as far east as the
eastern end of the Oyster Shell Bed."
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 79
These orders were rigidly enforced and carried out
by the Health Officer.
All vessels from infected ports were detained at
quarantine from ten to forty days after arrival, their
ballast deposited in the North Channel, and they were
thoroughly cleansed and disinfected before being per
mitted to come to the city.
No steamer or vessel arrived at this port during the
quarantine period (from the 1st of May to the 1st of
November) with any contageous or infectious disease
aboard.
Information having been officially received of the
yellow fever in an epidemic form at Fernandina (Sep
tember 3d. 1877), and at Port Royal, S. C. (October
3d, 1877). a strict quarantine by land and sea were en
forced against these places.
The following resolutions were passed by the Board
of Sanitary Commissioners (October 29) and were ap
proved by the City Council :
"That the Board of Sanitary Commissioners earn
estly recommend that immediately after a frost, a thor
ough inspection be made of all the sinks and privies
in the city, and such measures adopted as shall place
them all in a good condition."
"They further recommend that from the 1st of May
to the 1st of November of each year, a regular month
ly disinfection of all privy vaults be practiced under
the direction of this Board.
"That this Board respectfully recommend that the
City Council do appoint a Commission, of whom his
Honor the Mayor, ex-officio member of this Board,
shall be Chairman, to be authorized to proceed to the
city of New Orleans for the purpose of examining into
and reporting upon the system of marine and intra
mural quarantine and disinfection there practiced, for
the prevention and arrest of yellow fever ; and also to
contract for the purchase of the best kind of appara
tus in use at New Orleans for the disicfection of vessels
and localities."
80 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
The Book of Complaints was kept open at the Ex
change), and nuisances were abated as far as practi
cable.
From the 1st of March to the 1st of January, one
hundred and ninety-nine certificates of d^ath were is
sued from this office by the Health Officer. Three
hundred and fifty-two Policemen were attended by the
Health Officer. No death occurred on the force dur
ing the year.
The Health Officer visited and inspected at quaran
tine forty vessels :
Steamers, 1
Ships, ------ 3
Barks, 21
Brigs, ...... 9
Schooners, 1
During the year one hundred and forty-two cases of
small pox (one hundred and thirty-nine colored and
three whites) were attended at the Pest House by the
Health Officer. Fifty-six deaths among the colored,
none among the whites.
Under quarantine in city and county, treated by
Health Officer, were forty-two cases of small-pox ;
twenty-five colored and seventeen whites. Four
deaths among the whites, four deaths among colored.
The last case of small-pox occurred on the 20th of
last April.
I am, sir,
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
J. C. HABERSHAM, M. D.,
Health Officer.
LAUREL GROVE CEMETERY.
REPORT OF KEEPER.
OFFICE KEEPER LAUREL GROVE CEMETERY, )
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1878. j
HON. JOHN F. WHEATON,
Mayor of the City of Savannah:
SIR :I have the honor to report Laurel Grove
Cemetery in good order and condition except the
fencing on the northern and southern portions, which
is in bad order and requires repairing. During the
past year there has been erected a new fence on the
line of Cemetery Street; also, a new fence has been
erected around that portion of ground, about seven
and a-half acres, between the southern end and the
Ogeechee Road, which will soon be laid out into
burial lots.
During the past year there has been received
For sale of burial lots $ 280 00
For burial fees 970 00
Total $1,250 00
Amount paid for labor, lumber, tools, etc $5,334 68
Number of interments at the expense of the city 
WhitesFrom the City 12
From the Poor House and Hospital 14 26
ColoredFrom the City 66
From Colored Infirmary 43109
Total 135
The number of interments during the past year are
as follows :
82 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
NUMBER Or INTERMENTS IN LAUREL GROVE CEMETERY AND CEMETERY FOR
COLORED PERSONS FROM JANUARY 1ST TO DECEMBER 31ST, 1877.
w UTES COLORED.
o
.a
Q
 CO >, ti ^
c-i;
MONTHS.
u a o a S "S
C a
* a
u
- t.  ,
e3 -a 03 03
15
o
4
H
19
Q
60
O
12 72
H
January 91
February 11 5 16 65 3 68 84
March 14
13
12
13
17
6
3
2
4
20
16
14
20
21
43
45
50
36
54
5
2
3
6
3
48
47
53
42
57
68
April -
63
67
62
Julv 78
13
11
6
6
19
17
43
44
4
7
47 i 66
51i 68
24
21
9
6
U
4
30
32
13
53
60
61
8
7
4
61
67
65
91
99
December 78
I have the honor to be,
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
A. F. TORLAY,
Keeper Laurel Grove Ctmeteri.
REPORT OF CITY DISPENSARY.
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1878.
HON. J. F. WHEATON,
Mayor of Savannah:
SIR :I have the honor to submit herewith the fol
lowing report of the City Dispensary for the year
ending December 31, 1877:
MONTHS.
January....
February..
March
April
May
June
July
August
September.
October....
November.
December.
Total
A 0) TJ m QO m
i rfl o 13 c3 o
0 ; <o o o ga O g "S u
"  t. . ^ u K fe t- o
f 2" QJ  a> a> *  -= < .Q XI ^2 ^3 .O CD a3
a3
a3
a3
a3 Sfi
fe  Jz; Z fe ^
1.210 552 658 461 749 2,050
1,411 685 726 695 716 2,213
1,330 858 472 782 548 2,216
1,193 573 620 419 774 1,980
1,069 556 513 378 691 1,703
1,017 503 514 380 637 1,622
1,237 652 585 459 778 2,020
1,553 820 733 599 954 2,625
1,578 901 677 624 954 2,600
1.682 801 881 633 1,049 2,687
1,169 634 535 . 415 754 1,866
1,005 515
8,050
490
7,404
373
6,218
632
9,236
1,664
a
5 0,0
2 ?r,.P
?!
65
194
149
214
144
139
905
Very Respectfully,
LEWIS CASS,
Keeper of City Dispensary.
84 MAYOR' s .ANNUAL REPORT.
ST. AUGUSTINE, FLA., December 17, 1877.
HON. JOHN F. WHEATON,
Mayor Savannah, Ga.:
Sir : In reply to your communication of the 7th inst,
requesting that you be furnished with a detailed ac
count of the work done in the Savannah River, under
my supervision during the year 1877, I would state
that the work for the improvement of the Savannah
River during the past year has been confined to the
following named places :
Jst. The cross tides dam.
2d. The channel between King's and Hutchinson's
Islands.
3d The new channel at the " wrecks."
4th. The shoal southwest of Oyster Bed Light, and
northwest of Fort Pulaski.
5th. The channel northeast of Fort Pulaski.
The temporary injunction granted by the Supreme
Court of the United States having been removed, work
was recommenced upon the cross tides dam in March.
This was continued until the following month, when a
freshet, bringing with it large quantities of drift mate
rial, destroyed its outer end, which was only partially
completed. This portion had been considerably
weakened by the scour that had taken place about the
piling during the suspension of operations due to the
injunction, which had left the work in an incomplete
condition, exposed for nearly a year to the action of
the currents and freshets After this damage took
place no further work was done to the dam beyond
the strengthening of its shore connection with Hut
chinson's Island, it having been decided to make a
material change in the design of the dam. To further
aid the ebb flow into Front river as well as relieve the
85
pressure of the water upon the cross tides dam, the
water way between King's and Hutchinson's Islands
has been increased to sixty feet in width and nine feet
deep at mean low water. This w
Tas done under a con
tract made with the city of Savannah, March 24, 1877,
for the removal of 50,000 cubic yards at twenty-four
cents per cubic yard. At this point 25,047 cubic yards
were removed.
At the new channel at the " wrecks" one crib has
been removed from the south side, and the channel
way increased to one hundred and twenty feet wide
and thirteen feet deep mean low water ; 100,000 cubic
yards of material were removed from this channel by
the American Dredging Company of Philadelphia,
and 24,953 cubic yards were removed by the dredge
of the city of Savannah. The United States dredging
steamer Henry Burden also removed from this chan
nel 34,015 cubic yards.
The increase of the shoal southwest of Oyster Bed
Light, and northwest of Fort Pulaski, and the conse
quent narrowing of the channel, rendered dredging
necessary at this point. In May the United States
dredging steamer Henry Burden commenced work
upon this shoal, and increased the channel in width at
its northwest end four hundred feet between the thir
teen feet curves at mean low water. The presence of
an obstruction at its southeast end, prevented the
widening of this portion between the same curves,
though its depth was increased about one foot over the
same width.
In the channel northeast of Fort Pulaski the water
way was increased to thirteen feet mean low water in
depth at its shoalest part by the dredging steamer
Henry Burden.
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
JAS. D. POST,
Captain of Engineers U. S. A.
MORTUARY REPORT.
SAVANNAH, January 10, 1878.
HON. JOHN F. WHEATON,
Mayor of the City of Savannah:
DEAR SIRI herewith respectfully submit to you a
statistical Mortuary Report of the City for the year
1877. A comparison of this report, with those of pre
ceding years, exhibits an unexampled condition of
healthfulness, and a death rate, smaller than for many
years past.
How far this may be attributed to the efforts which
have been made to improve the sanitary condition of
the city, by a more thorough drainage, etc., I am not
prepared to say positively, but I am of opinion that
the decreased rate of mortality is not due entirely to
any local sanitary improvement instituted during the
past year, but is the result of several causes not readi
ly recognizable, meteorological, etc. I have arranged
the tables in such a manner that a comparison may be
readily instituted between the nujnber and causes of
death among the whites and those among the colored
population. It will be observed that the percentage
of deaths among the latter class is nearly double that
of the former. This has been the case ever since the
termination of the war, and the consequent altered
status of the greater portion of the colored race. A
little reflection will point to the conclusion, that if this
large rate of mortality continues as it has done for
many years, the gradual extinction of that portion of
our population, is only a matter of time, and that not
very distant. Attention is directed to the fact that
there were twenty-nine deaths from diphtheria among
the whites during the year, and sixteen among the
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 87
colored, making a total of forty-five deaths from that
diseaseof that number only two (one white and one
colored) were above the age of ten years, and of the
remainder most of them were under five years of age.
I forbear in this report intruding any professional
views which I entertain, as to the causes of any dis
ease which have prevailed, and to the best method of
their prevention in future, but submit the statistics,
compiled, as they are recorded in the books in your
office.
Very respectfully, 
W. DUNCAN, M. D.
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MATOE'S ANNUAL EEPORT. 91
TABLE SHOWING THE PERCENTAGE ON TOTAL MORTALITY
By THE DEATHS (AVHITE AND COLORED) IN EACH PERIOD
OF LIFE.
AGE.
Under one year
One to two years
Two to three years
Three to four years
Fonr to five years
Total under five years
Five to ten years ,
Ten to fifteen years
Fifteen to twenty years
Twenty tn twenty-five years
Twenty-five to thirty years
Thirty to thirty-five years
Thirty-five to forty years
Forty to forty-five years ,
Forty-five to fifty years
Fifty to fifty-five years
Fifty-five to sixty years
Sixty to sixty-five years
Sixty-five to seventy years....
Seventy to seventy-five years ,
Seventy-five to eighty years
Eighty to eighty-five years
Eighty-five to ninety years
Ninety to ninety-five years
Ninety-five to one hundred years.
One hundred years and upwards..
Age unknown
Total.
Under five years
Between five and sixty years , Sixty years and above
Age unknown
70
21
10
8
11
120
26
7
8
13
lo
18
18
17
19
8
20
10
12
5
9
3
2
1
10
341
120
109
42
10
20.53
6.15
2.93
2.35
3.23
35.19
7.62
2.05
2.35
3.81
4.39
5.28
5.28
4.99
5.57
2.35
5.87
2.93
3.52
1.47
2.64
.88
.59
.29
137
49
27
226
28
7
14
32
32
28
28
21
18
6
9
18
8
15
10
11
4
2
2.93
35.39
49 56
12.32
2.93
18
538
226
223
71
18
25 46
9.11
5 02
.95
1.49
42.01
5.20
1.30
2.60
6.95
5/95
5.20
6.20
3.90
3.35
1.12
1.67
3 35
1.49
2.79
1 86
2.60
.74
.37
WHITES AND
COLORED.
|Z5
207
70
37
13
19
346
54
14
22
45
47
46
46
38
37
14
29
28
20
20
19
17
6
3.35
42.01
41.45
13.20
3.35
28
P*
23.55
7.96
4.21
1.48
2.16
39.36
6 14
1.59
2.50
5.12
5.35
5.23
5.23
4.32
4.21
1.59
3 30
3.18
2.28
2.28
2 16
1.93
.68
.34
3.18
879
346
392
113
28
39.36
44.60
12.86
3.18
Mortality, per cent., whites, census 1870, 2.28.
Mortality, percent, colored, census 1870, 4.07.
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REPORT OF HARBOR MASTER.
HARBOR MASTER'S OFFICE, )
SAVANNAH, GA., January 1, 1878. )
HON. JOHN F. WHEATON,
Mayor City of Savannah :
SIR :I have the honor to report that I have de
posited with the City Treasurer seven thousand six
hundred and seventy-seven and five one-hundredth
dollars ($7,677 05). amount of Harbor Pees collected
for the past year. I would recommend that the
sunken steam lighter, Metcalf, now opposite the city,
below the Dry Dock, be removed, as it is being drifted
by the high tides, and is obstructing the city wharf on
the north side of the river so as to prevent vessels
from going there to discharge their ballast. I would
call your attention to the fact that most of the Masters
of vessels arriving at this port say, "The Pilots do
not inform them of the law requiring them to report
their vessels at the Harbor Master's Office." I have
called the attention of the Pilots, through their Secre
tary, in writing, to Article No. 1 of Harbor Regula
tions, and now ask that some measure be adopted to
enforce the law. I am, sir,
Your obedient servant,
JULIAN MYERS,
Harbor Master.
COMMERCE OF SAVANNAH.
IMPORTS PORT OF SAVANNAH, 1877.
ARTICLES. UNIT OF
QUANTITY. QUANTITY. VALUE.
Salt
Coffee
Pounds
Pounds
13,733,271
2,245,263
1,479
89,556
95,781
16,383
29,852
725
725
$ 24,233
397,320
3,060
4,612
22,044
15,643
1,247
12,164
15 370
Coal
Sugar
Molasses
Cotton Ties
Chains
Superphosphate
Pounds
Gallons
Bundles
Pounds
Tons
Tons
Sponsre 10,972
1,167
8 769
Earthenware
Fruits of all kinds
Silver Coin 27,945
Gold Coin 820
All Articles not above specified 19,571
Total Import Duty collected $34,959 93
FOREIGN EXPORTS, PORT OF SAVANNAH, 1877.
Cotton, Upland, 288,533 bales
Cotton, Sea Island, 1,219 bales
Naval Stores
Lumber, feet
Shingles, thousands
Timber, cubic feet
All other Articles, not specified aboveTotal value $16,244,081
QUANTITY.
135,393,504
425,374
17,675,000
301
481,888
$15,669,574
124,797
83,790
245,368
1,417
70,406
48,729
MEMORANDA.The exports of cotton, foreign, above, represent the
transactions of the commercial year, commencing September 1st, 1876,
and ending August 31st, 1877.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. '95
COASTWISE EXPORTS, PORT OF SAVANNNAH, 1877.
Cotton, Upland, bales
Cotton, Sea Island, bales
Hides (baled) bales
Hides (single) number
Domestic and Yarn, bales
-j-Rice, casks
Timber, superficial feet
Lumber, superficial feet
''Rosin, barrels
*Spirits Turpentine, barrels
Wool, bales
Moss, bales
Old Iron, tons
Paper Stock, bales
Fruit,- packages
Vegetables, packages
Melons, number
Clay, casks
Sponge, bales
Coffee, sacks
Sugar, (hogsheads, 2.194; barrels, 3,590).
Syrup, (hogsheads, 115 ; barrels, 365)
Merchandise, miscellaneous, packages
QUANTITY.
217,472
7,179
2,181
18,559
11,866
16,812
,500,000
,314,972
102.274
18;453
1,143
312
1,031
733
23,284
20,405
26,345
282
376
237
59,291
fin addition to the above 9,000 casks were shipped by rail to the West.
*From April 1st, 187", to December 31st, 1877.
TONNAGE FOR THE PORT OF SAVANNAH FOR 1877.
TONNAGE. MEN.
American
American Vessels
Vessels
cleared
enterered 40,948
44,829
168,247
103,342
951
1 066
3,950
Foreign Vessels cleared 2,589
 Total Foreign 357,366' 8,556
Coastwise Arrivals 379,826
439,370
10,867
12,081
819,196 22,948
Total Coastwise 819,196
357,336
22,948
8 556
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