1810
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UKPOliT
JOHN SCREVEN,
MAVOU OF THJi CITY OF SAVANNAH,
For the Year Ending September 30, 1870,
TO WHICH IS ADDED THE
TREAS U RER'S RE PORT
REl'OKTS OF THE DIFFKREKT DErAKTMENTS.
SAVANNAH:
MOKNIXU NEWS STEAM -I'OWEK I'KESS.
1870.
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MAYOITS ANNUAL EEPORT.
MAYORALTY OP SAVANNAH,
OCTOBER 1, 1870.
Fellow-citizenH:
I have the honor to submit the following report on the affairs
of the City during the year ending the 30th ultimo.
FINANCES.
The expenditures during the past year have been large. This
has been necessitated in part by the provisions required to meet
the payment of Bonds of the City which fell due on the first of
November, 1869, and on the first of February, 1870, to the
amount in all of two hundred and ninety-one thousand dollars
($291,000). The first, to the amount of one hundred and seven
teen thousand dollars ($117,000), were issued for subscription to
the stock of the Southw^tern railroad company, and were en
dorsed by that company. The assumption and payment of these
Bonds by the Central and Southwestern Rail Road Companies
constituted a part of the consideration of the sale of the stock
held by the City in the Atlantic and Gulf and other Rail Road
Companies; but, the sale having been enjoined in the Superior
court of Bibb county, it became incumbent on the City to pro
vide for the payment.
As the Bonds of the City rated below par, say fifteen per cent.,
it was not to be expected that the holders would consent to ex
change at par. It was therefore necessary to provide a larger
amount of Bonds than the original issues, to meet the discount
as well as the sums required for the redemption of the Bonds
demanded to be paid in cash.
In addition to this cause of large expenditure, the condition of
4 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
the streets and lanes and of the parks and squares of the city,
the repairs of its public buildings, the construction of the new
Police Barracks, the completion of important unfinished sewers,
the repairs of the old and the projection of new sewers, the
drainage of the Springfield Plantation, the improvement of the
harbor, and a great variety of other objects of public interest and
convenience, were convincing that the community could not en
dure the taxation necessary to sustain the expenditures demanded.
During nearly nine years of war and itp resulting depression,
marked, however, by some valuable improvements initiated or
completed by the preceding administration, the public thorough
fares and other objects of public maintenance had been in some
measure necessarily overlooked, while the growing commercial
importance and increasing population of the city required that
these objects should not be permitted to suffer for the want of a
liberal outlay, derived in such manner as would be least burthensome to the community.
A large part of the resources of the City proving unavailable
under judicial injunction, as already mentioned, and preferring
the least oppressive method of obtaining the means of meeting
the extraordinary expenses of the year, which involved to a large
extent improvements of a permanent nature, the City Council, on
the 27th of October last, passed an ordinance "to authorize the
issue of Bonds of the City of Savannah in renewal of certain
Bonds hitherto issued for said City's subscription for stock in the
Southwestern railroad company," amounting to the aggregate
principal sum of one hundred and seventeen thousand dollars
($117,000). On the 8th of December last, the City Council also
passed " an ordinance to authorize the issuing of Bonds of the
City of Savannah to the amount of not exceeding three hundred
and fifty thousand dollars ($350,000), for the purpose of meeting
and redeeming certain funded liabilities of the City about to ma
ture, and of meeting certain floating liabilities of said City, and
other financial exigencies of the same."
On the first issue of Bonds just recited, the Southwestern
Rail Road Company renewed its previous endorsement. The sec
ond issue was intended mainly for the redemption of one hun
dred and seventy-four thousand five hundred dollars ($174,500)
of Bonds issued in 1850 for subscription to the stock of the
Augusta and Savannah Rail Road Company, which matured, as
already stated, on the 1st of February last.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORU 5
The whole amount of both these issues, amounting to two
hundred and ninety-one thousand dollars ($291,000), have been
redeemed as follows, excepting one thousand dollars ($1000)
of the latter issue not yet presented at the Treasury:
Bonds matured November 1st, 1869
Redeemed by exchange $49,000
" payment 68,000
 $117,000
Bonds matured February 1st, 1870
Redeemed by exchange $131,500
" payment 41,500
Not redeemed of this issue 1,000
$174,000
Total of the two issues $291,000
By these two issues of Bonds, less two thousand dollars
($2,000) of old Bonds purchased, the funded debt of the City has
been increased one hundred and seventy-four thousand dollars
($174,000). The gross funded debt on the 30tli of September
1869, inclusive of thirty-four thousand three hundred dollars
($34,300) of Bonds resting in the City Treasury, and sixty-three
thousand six hundred dollars ($63,600) placed as collateral secu
rity, was two million one hundred and fifty thousand two hundred
and eighty dollars ($2,150,280).
The increase above named makes the gross funded debt on the
30th of September, 1870, two million three hundred and twentyfour thousand two hundred and eighty dollars ($2,324,280).
Of the Bonds constituting the increase above stated, one hun
dred thousand dollars ($100,000) are now placed as collaterals to
secure the payment of part of the bills payable of the City, which
amount to one hundred and twelve thousand dollars ($112,000).
The resources of the City in real estate and other property,
regardless of taxable property, amount to two millions seven
hundred and sixty-three thousand nine hundred and eighty
dollars ($2,763,980). The donations of city lots made during
the past year to charitable and religious institutions are quite
balanced by acquisitions of land on the Springfield Plantation
and by the increased value added by improvements on the public
buildings and other public property. For detailed information as
to the resources of the City, reference is made to the report of the
City Treasurer hereto appended.
6 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
The value of the taxable real estate of Savannah amounts
to fourteen million eight hundred and sixty-one thousand
four hundred and sixty-four dollars ($14,861,464), including
two hundred and twenty-one thousand nine hundred dollars
($221,900) of improvements erected in the six months previous
to July last. The valuation for 1869 was twelve million two
hundred and nineteen thousand one hundred and forty dollars
($12,219,140). The increase is therefore, two million six hundred
and forty-two thousand three hundred and twenty-four dollars
($2,042,324) for the year 1870.
As involving the availability of a portion of the resources above
mentioned, it should be stated that the case of Stephen CoUins
and others against the Central Rail Road Company and others, in
which an injunction was obtained, restraining the sale of the stock
held by the City in the Atlantic and Gulf and other companies, has
been carried up to the Supreme Court of Georgia by the defend
ants. The decision of the court sustained the judgment of the
court below, and made the injunction perpetual; but the decision
having been rendered on the opinion of a majority, and not of
all the Justices, the case was liable to be re-opened for another
hearing. It has been accordingly carried back to the Supreme
court, and now awaits final adjudication.
TAXATION.
The taxes due the City government during the present year,
and overdue for previous years, have been in general promptly
paid by the people. But it is a subject of complaint, that the
present system of assessing real estate is inadequate to the end
to which it should be directed, namely: impartial valuation and,
as a result, equal taxation.
Taxation must be to a certain extent arbitrary, and the ne
cessity of its rigid enforcement for the maintenance of a govern
ment is apparent. But taxes should not become absolute until
proven to be justnever until the tax-payer has himself had rea
sonable opportunity to know how he is to be taxed, and to submit
his just objections, if any he may have, before a commission of
review authorized to dispose of such cases.
Under the present system three sworn assessors are appointed
to view annually, and assess the value of real property within the
limits of the city. Their assessment is made subject to the ap-
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. i
proval of the City Council, after which approval no appeal can be
had from the assessment, but it must stand until the succeeding
assessment.
It is true, that the ordinance on this subject is to be construed
as constituting the City Council a Court of Appeal, but it should
not be forgotten, that this Body may be considered as interested
in maintaining high valuations, and that its decisions in such
cases may not therefore be wholly devoid of objection. The sys
tem admits of the further objection, that the assessments are not
fully exposed to the public inspection before they are submitted for
the approval of the City Council, and that this' approval is usually
instant. The great number of the assessments, the difficulty,
labor, and delay attendant upon the review of each assessment,
and the reasonable confidence which should be reposed in the
good faith and competency of the assessors, render necessary an
abrupt approval on the part of the City Council. But the prac
tical working of such a system involves dissatisfaction, and posibly hardship, in particular cases, the more difficult to endure,
because all redress is debarred, except at the cost of slow and
expensive litigation, as vexatious to the citizen as it would be
damaging to the municipal government.
There should, therefore, be established, as in other large cities,
a Board of Review, consisting of freeholders, standing between
the tax-payer, the assessors, and the City Council, empowered to
hear cases of appeal and to correct such assessments as may be
proven erroneous. The book of assessments having been closed,
it should be deposited in the City Treasury. The public should
then be notified that it will remain there open for inspection dur
ing a certain period, and that at the expiration of this period the
Board of Review will sit for a limited time on certain days to
hear and decide appeals against assessments. The whole body
of the assessments should then be submitted for the approval of
the City Council, and after this approval all right of appeal should
cease.
POLICE COURT.
The number of cases disposed of in this Court since the 30th
of September last is 1,755, or 248 more than in the preceding
year. This increase is mainly attributable to the increase of the
floating population, consisting chiefly of seamen and laborers com
ing to the city during the winter months. But it goes also to
8 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
show that the judicial offices of the Mayor are becoming more
onerous than is consistent with other duties involving larger
public interests. His time and exertions should not be diverted
from these interests by a duty which may well be delegated to a
competent representative.
If the Police court is administered with the justice and firm
ness by which it should be characterized, it is amply capable to
sustain the salary of a Judge or Recorder. The amount paid
into the City Treasury from this source during the past year,
namely, five thousand one hundred and one dollars ($5,101),
fully justifies this suggestion.
POLICE DEPARTMENT.
This department has been conducted during the past year with
its usual energy and efficiency. Its discipline has been main
tained in a high degree, and the community has had just reason
to accord its commendation of the good conduct and usefulness
of the Police. Its members have generally performed their
difficult and often perplexing duties with promptness, alacrity,
and intelligence. Stimulated by the excellent personal example
and the soldierly qualities of their officers, the men mider their
command evince a correct appreciation of the gravity of their
responsibihties, and meet them in a spirit of obedience, docility
and firmness creditable to them individually and as a corps.
The new Police Barracks were occupied by the Force on the
20th of August last. This building is an ornament to the city,
affording wholesome and commodious quarters to its occupants,
and is well adapted to the purposes for which it was constructed.
The Police Force now numbers the same as in October, 1869.
A detail of forty-two privates has continued to act as the Board
of Health of the city. Their inspections have been in general
conducted satisfactorily to the community and to the adminis
tration.
The usefulness of this detail of the Police Force has been ex
tended to its taking a census of the inhabitants of Savannah a short
time after the taking of the census by the officers of the United
States. The result of the municipal census sufficiently verifies
that of the United Statesthe former calling for a gross popula
tion of 28,155, the latter of 28,235 inhabitants.
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 9
This work was accomplished in six days, and without any ex
pense whatever to the City. It combined an enumeration of the
inhabitants of each Ward, from River Street south to Anderson
Street. Taken in this form, the number of inhabitants in each
sub-division is accurately ascertained. From this may be derived
sanitary and other statistics of groat value to the community.
As this census may be taken with celerity and without expense, it
should be followed up annually, so that the numerical condition
of the population may be known from year to year.
SEWERAGE AND DRAINAGE.
During the past year the attention of the City Council has been
earnestly directed to organizing an enlarged and permanent sys
tem of sewerage and drainage. The sewers hitherto constructed
had not been laid upon any combined plan looking to a common
purpose for the common good. They were intended for the drain
age of particular localities and streets only, in some instances
without appropriate grades, in others of insufficient sizes to admit
of extension, in nearly all, without capacity sufficient to meet the
necessities of the community as it comes to abandon wells and
sinks for the reception of waste water and offal. To these defects
are added the scarcely less grave objections that the drainage of
several sewers empty into the Savannah River at the wharves,
carrying with it large volumns of sand detrimental to the naviga
tion of the river, and an amount of offal calculated to taint the
water used by our people for drinking and domestic purposes.
Entertaining for these reasons a strong apprehension of the
necessity of a general combined plan providing for the future
growth and development of the city, as well as its presents wants,
and convinced of the true economy of an established system to
which the whole sewerage of the city might be directed, the City
Council authorized the employment of skillful engineers to deter
mine the best point of outlet for the city drainage. Their sur
veys resulted in the recommendation of an outlet on W'arsaw
river at a point near the Pest-house, the line of the main drain
to commence at the intersection of Anderson Street and Waters'
Road, passing through Cuyler's swamp to a point on the Skidaway Road (about a half-mile west of the entrance to the Thun
derbolt Road), thence crossing the high lands between the Cuyler
Swamp and Warsaw River.
10 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
The system of drainage within the city itself was proposed to
be concentrated on this main drain. To construct this main drain
would, however, demand a greater outlay than the city could be
expected to expend at present. It will not indeed be necessary
for some years, as the existing outlet by Bilbo Canal can receive
the drainage, until the city becomes so developed as to require a
more appropriate outlet. In the meanwhile, any addition to ex
isting sewers may be drained into the Bilbo Canal without con
flicting with their future adaptation to the drainage into Warsaw
River.
The system of drainage recommended by the engineers having
been approved and adopted, the City Council proceeded to auth
orize the construction of a portion of the main sewers forming a
part of the plan. The cost of such works is necessarily large,
but the great benefits to be derived from judicious sewerage will
more than counterbalance the pecuniary considerations involved.
It will promote the public health, add to the cleanliness and neat
ness of the streets, and remove much of the noisome and un
wholesome odors which taint the atmosphere of the city, while it
will prove the only method by which the pools gathered on the
streets during rainy spells can be rapidly and effectually drained.
In particular localities, some of them the oldest in the city, drain
age, whether by absorption or by the surface, has become impas
sible, while it is notorious that these locahties are not merely the
coverts of malaria and filth, but, though well-adapted to social and
commercial convenience, remain reproachful vestiges of a de
fective system of public improvement.
The Bolton Street sewer which was begun in 1869, and has
since been extended through Abercom Street south, and thence
by Duff'ey Street south to Anderson Street, and west to Barnard
Street, affords a happy illustration of the advantage of sewerage.
It has effectually and permanently dried a large; area of the land
lying in the southeastern section of the city, and converted an
uninhabitable fen into an locality at once inviting and valuable.
To such improvements within the limits proper of the city
have been added the extended drainage of the Springfield Plan
tation. The marginal ditches of the low lands of this domain
have been faithfully deepened and cleaned. The central ditch
has been prolonged to the southern extremity of the fields. The
Springfield Canal has been carefully reopened and sunk, and as a
result of this last work the Springfield Swamp is effectually
drained of its surface water.
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 11
The drainage of the low lands on the eastern flank of the city
has in general received the attention of their owners. Thus the
drainage of the three sides of the city has been enlarged and
improved. While the resulting increase in the value of real estate
in these directions is apparent, a more gratifying evidence of the
value of these improvements may be inferred from the continued
maintenance of the public health in a degree superior, so far as
the white population is concerned, even to the extraordinary
record of 1869.
SPRINGFIELD PLANTATION.
Allusion has just been made to the extended drainage of the
low lands of this domain. It is proper to add, that the City has
renewed its original estate in these lands, either by purchase or
by cession from the owners. This arrangement had become ex
pedient, in order to give the City complete control of the drain
age of this portion of the property. So long as it rested in the
hands of numerous holders no systematic drainage could be
maintained, from the want of that unity of co-operation so essen
tial to an object of this nature.
There is still, however, much room for improvement in the
drainage of the Springfield Plantation, which should be provided
for in future, and which, if carried out, would greatly cheapen the
cost of its maintenance and improve the extent and value of the
land attached to the Water Works.
Allusion is here made more especially to extending the Spring
field Canal directly to the river from a point where the Canal
unites with the Musgrove Creek, and to stopping the latter at its
mouth. This would involve the establishment of a main to feed
the basins of the Water Works (as was originally designed), lead
ing from a point on the river where water may be obtained uncontaminated by the drainage of the Musgrove Creek. The stop
page of the Creek would result in its filling up by natural deposit
and in a consequent accretion of land, while the estabhshment of
a new supply main for the Water Works would afford an import
ant contribution to the public health and comfort, and effect a
fulfilment of the original design of the Water Works.
THE WATERWORKS.
This valuable establishment has been maintained with its usual
economy, and has fully responded to the public demands. The
liJ MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
water mains have been extended along Drayton to Waldburg
Street during the past year.
The attention of the City Council has been directed to the sub
ject of the filtration of the water in the basins of the Water
Works before pumping it into the supply mains of the city. The
value of clear water for drinking and domestic purposes is too
apparent to admit of discussion; but the cost and practicability
of filtration on such an extensive scale prove to be questions not
of easy solution, and, after consultation with prominent scientific
citizens and experts, the City Council confined its action to a
small appropriation for such experiments as would either justify
the construction of the necessary filtering apparatus or set at
rest the question of filtration.
STREETS AND LANES.
The operations in this department have been conducted with
marked enterprise and efficiency, under the energetic direction of
the appropriate Standing Committee. Extraordinary expendi
tures have been made on extensive repairs and improvements;
but the community will reahze corresponding advantages. They
have been directed as far as practicable to the general benefit,
seeking to reach every part of the city.
Sewerage, grading, and paving have constituted the main work
of the department. To the first, allusion has been already made.
To the second, much attention has been devoted. The breast
works in the suburbs have been almost entirely leveled, generally
with the co-operation and at joint expense with the owners of
the land. This has removed the nearest vestiges of the war and
relieved the outskirts of the city of the stagnant water resting in
the moats. The old crossings of the streets have been generally
repaired, and new crossings established whenever found wantino-.
The surface-drains have been renewed or altered wherever re
quired. These have been kept constantly open and prepared
against the faUing of rain. The grade of the streets and lanes
has also been improved in many instances. They may now, there
fore, be more readily traversed by passengers and vehicles, and
can remain wet but a few hours after rains.
To these improvements have been added extensive paving on
East Broad, West Broad, and River Streets, which are nowlaid
with cobble and broken stone, with the exception of a portion of
River Street.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 13
The condition of the MacAdamized roadway on Bay Street
became so bad as to demand its removal and the substitution of
pavements better suited to sustain the great burthen of transpor
tation passing over it, esjiecially in the winter season. Anxious
to economize the public funds, and yet to satisfy the public neces
sities in this regard, the City Council filially authorized the lay
ing of a pavement of stone from the eastern side of East Broad
Street to the eastern side of Drayton Street. This pavement,
consisting of blocks of Hudson River Grawacke, or Blue stone,
laid on a foundation of small broken stone rammed and rolled,
is now in progress and will be completed in time for the winter
drayage. The City Council authorized also the laying of a
wooden pavement, known as the "Stowe Pattern," from the eastern
side of Drayton to the western side of Whitaker Street. This
pavement seems to be recommended by advantages not charac
terizing other patterns of wooden pavement submitted for con
sideration, especially in the facility of restoration after the re
moval of parts of itas, for laying water and gas connections.
This pavement will probably be completed quite as soon as the
stone pavement with which it will be connected. The experi
ment involved in this work should be one of great interest to the
community. The contractors have insured its durability for five
years, and have agreed, under guarantees, to maintain it for that
time. This is the period of durability allotted to the Southern
pine when laid in soil similar to that of the streets of Savannah;
but the contractors claim that the impenetrability of their pave
ment to air and excessive moisture will ensure the material they
use a life of perhaps thirty years. If experience sustains all that
is thus claimed for the wooden pavement, the outlay made in an
experiment so useful to the community will be amply justified,
and the pine forests of the South be found to afford a new con
tribution of inestimable value to the progress of public im
provement.
It is much to be regretted that the work on the pavements of
Bay street was not sooner initiated; but it has been delayed by
circumstances beyond the control of the department, mainly by
the detention of the material at sea.
THE NEW MARKET.
The City Council has also authorized the construction of a new
Market on the site of the old. ,
14 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
The present structure fails to meet the necessities of the people
in size, accommodation, or convenience, and in its appearance,
its internal arrangement, and want of ventilation had justly
become a subject of public aversion.
The plan of the new Market covers an area of 202  by 158
feet. A weU lighted and well ventilated basement surrounded
by a spacious area is combined in the plan. The main floor of
the building will rest four feet above the grade of the street. The
structure will be built of brick sprung in lofty arches, surmounted
by a trussed roof, thoroughly lighted and ventilated, resting on
the exterior walls and sixteen interior pillars. These pillars will
be the only obstructions in the interior area.
In architectural finish and appearance the plan promises a
structure which will be creditable to the City.
THE POWDER MAGAZINE.
The inhabitants in the vicinity having lodged serious com
plaints of the danger to life and property from the continuance
of the Powder Magazine in its present location, and the proposed
opening of Randolph street rendering this measure the more
necessary, the City Council authorized the purchase of the Powder
Magazine erected on the Springfield Plantation by the Confed
erate Government. This building is admirably adapted to the
purposes for which it was intended in size, convenience of arrange
ment, security, and finish of construction. It will require a small
outlay for repairs, and an appropriation will also be necessary for
the Keeper's dwelling.
There have been some objections urged to the location as being
too distant and too difficult of access from the City. But the
avenues leading to the spot have been thoroughly repaired, and
the distance from the Court-house does not exceed two and onetenth miles. If this distance involves inconvenience, it is consid
erable only in comparison with the extraordinary convenience of
the site of the old Magazine, and should not be permitted to over
balance a reasonable regard for the public safety. Other sites
nearer to the city might have been secured; but such is the
universal objection of property holders to the location of a
powder magazine in their vicinity, that a more convenient site
could not have been obtained without extravagant cost and with
out a large outlay for the erection of a suitable building; whereas
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 15
the magazine on the Springfield Plantation, with the necessary
land attached, has been procured for one thousand and five
dollars ($1,005.)
CITY LIGHTS.
The contract with the Savannah Gas Light Company for light
ing the city expired on the first of August last. The Committee
on Gas had previously entertained the subject of the renewal of
the contract, and finally reported to the City Council the following
terms as j^roposed by the company:
"If it be decided by the City to continue the present system of
lighting the street-lamps, changing hours of lighting and extin
guishing with the phases of the moon, this company will furnish
the gas, cleanse the glasses, light and extinguish the lamps, and
superintend the laying of services, the erection of the lamp-posts,
and the placing thereon the lamps and burners, also repairs to
the same, for thirty-eiyht dollars per lamp per annum, the cost of
service-pipes, lamp-posts, lamps, glass, and burners to be paid
by the City of Savannah, also the cost of repairs to the same."
"Second. If it be determined to keep the lamps burning all
night, viz: from a half-hour after sunset to an hour before sunrise
(as is the general practice), without reference to the phases of the
moon, the company will agree as abovethe burner being a"four-
' feet" burnerto furnish the gas, light, and extinguish the same,
and cleanse the lamps and glasses, for fifty-one dollars per lamp
per annum, or if four nights be omitted at each full moon, say
fifty-two nights in the whole year, the same will be done by this
company for forty-six dollars per lamp per annum."
The prices stated in these propositions are in advance on those
received by the company under the old contract. The City
Council, induced by information from various sources to appre
hend that these prices are too exacting, hesitated to enter on an
extended contract which, after fuller examination of the subject,
might be found disadvantageous. The terms of the Gas Company
were therefore accepted to extend only to the first of January,
1871. This will afford ample time for the adjustment of a more
protracted contract, if one can be agreed upon satisfactory to the
parties. If not, the City Government should adopt the measures
necessary to secure the lighting of the city by other means, the
cheapest and most effective.
16 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
THE PARK.
Under the tasteful direction of the appropriate committee and
the skillful management of the keeper, this beautiful resort has
been made still more inviting to the public. A number of valuable
and highly ornamental plants have been placed in the grounds
and about the fountain, and the swards have been made to
present a cultivated and most attractive appearance. If the Park
continues to receive the attention and improvement already
bestowed, it will become more worthy than now of being the chief
ornament of the city. If extended so as to include the Paradeground beyond, it will be sufficiently enlarged to admit of a drive,
which would add much to the accommodation and pleasure of
the citizens.
THE JAIL.
This establishment has received much of the attention of the
City Council. It is to be regretted that it occupies a site so near
to the Park and to the most attractive building-space of the
city, and that its internal arrangements are not such as could be
recommended for the confinement of prisoners. No degree of
care on the part of the jailor can remove objections attendant on
contracted cells, inadequate ventilation, and the want of other
conveniences essential to the health and reasonable comfort even,
of criminals. These objections are produced by defects in the
original construction. They could be alleviated if not wholly
removed at no great cost, if it were determined that the jail
should remain in its present location. Notwithstanding these
embarrassments to his management, the Jailor has preserved
marked cleanliness in the building, well attested by the general
good health of the inmates, while he has maintained a cor
rect discipline not enforced by the exercise of any unnecessary
severity.
HOSPITAL FOR COLORED PERSONS.
The number of indigent colored persons found sick on the
streetssome in a dying conditionattracted the attention and
action of the City Council. Measures were at once adopted to
establish a Freedman's Hospital, and a number of benevolent
citizens united in an effort to organize an institution of this kind.
Mr. Edward Padelford, one of the most affluent and esteemed
citizens of this community, and whose decease was regarded as a
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 17
public calamity, contributed ten thonsand dollars ($10,000) to
this beneficent object. His example was followed by other
benevolent gentlemen at home and abroad. The City Council
added two lots, numbers thirteen and fourteen Crawford Ward
East. The fund thus derived has been applied to the erection of
a commodious brick structure well adapted to the purposes of a
hospital, located on the land of the Georgia Infirmary, near the
southern limits of the city. The available funds of the institu
tion will be exhausted in the construction of this building, but
its purposes are so eminently laudable and so entirely worthy of
the public charity, that the maintenance of the institution should
be supported by the public, if not from funds derived from other
sources.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE HARBOR.
Encouraged to expect that the Congress of the United States
would refund the amounts previously expended by the City Govern
ment on this important work, or, at least, appropriate such a sum
as would maintain the work to its completion, the City Council
authorized the sending of a commissioner to Washington charged
with this mission. Colonel Edward C. Anderson, who, from his
familiarity with the subject and his devoted interest in the work,
was peculiarly fitted for this duty, accepted the appointment and
proceeded to Washington in February last. He urged the subject
before Congress and the appropriate departments of the govern
ment, and was enabled to report on his return that " there is
every reason to believe that the sum of two hundred thousand
dollars ($200,000)" recommended by the Chief of Engineers and
the Hydrographic Inspector of the Coast Survey, "will be incor
porated in the general appropriation bill."
Later in the session, finding that no action had been taken in
the premises, the City Council united with the Chamber of Com
merce of Savannah in memorializing Congress, and again asked
an appropriation of two hundred thousand dollars ($200,000),
urging that "the inhabitants of Savannah should not alone and
unassisted sustain the whole burthen of the restoration and im
provement of a harbor, now the second in importance in the
whole Southern States, and of such general value to the com
merce of the country that it may justly claim the fostering care
and liberal consideration of the general government." Although
the appropriation here asked for involved the repayment of one
3
IS MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
hundred and twenty thousand dollars ($120,000) already (ex
pended by the City, the City Government declined to receive this
sum in the way of compensation, and expressed its assurance that
it would be applied to the improvement of the harbor, and to no
other purpose.
But these representations, so creditable to the past exertions of
our people and to then- spirit of enterprise, failed to meet with
favorable entertainment. Large appropriations were made for
Charleston, Mobile, and other cities not known to have made^any
expenditures for the improvement of their harbors, while Savannah
was left unaided, after her people had expended more than the large
sum already stated, not merely for their own benefit, but to the
advantage of the national commerce. Their appeal to the Federal
Government rested on the high ground of a public, national claim,
and seems worthy of exceptional consideration as compared with
the ordinary calls on the national treasury for harbor improve
ments. It is to be hoped, however, that Congress may hereafter
recognize the justice of this claim, and relieve the City of Sa
vannah from a burthen manifestly extraordinary and oppressive.
Reference is here specially made to the report of the Chairman
of the Commissioners of Pilotage, for a statement of the opera
tions of the dredge during the past year, and for valuable sugges
tions as to the improvement of the channel.
PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
The sum appropriated to the Public schools for the year 1870
amounted to twenty-one thousand three hundred and fifty-seven
dollars ($21,357), of which fourteen thousand three hundred and
ninety-eight dollars and fifty-two cents ($14,398.52) have been
expended.
This liberal appropriation was made in view of the probable
addition of the Catholic schools to those already under the juris
diction of the Board of Public Education.
The number of scholars enrolled for instruction during the past
year has been 1,754. Of these 669 were Catholic.
It should be a subject of congratulation that the claims of the
Catholic inhabitants of the city to a share in the benefits of the
public instruction have been satisfactorily adjusted.
The following extract from the annual report of the Superin
tendent of the Public Schools sufficiently explains the basis of the
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 10
settlement: "There was no compromise of principle on either
side. If mutual concessions were made, they were only such con
cessions as honorable men are ever ready to make to accomplish
a great and good end. In order to satisfy our Catholic fellowcitizens that there was no intention nor desire on the part of the
Board of Public Education to interfere with their religious faith,
the Board was willing to elect only Catholics to positions as
teachers in these schools which are composed of Catholic children.
At the same time, to prevent the employment of incompetent
teachers, it very properly reserved the right to examine into the
qualifications of all applicants for places. By the terms of agree
ment, the introduction into these schools of books containing
anything inimical or prejudicial to the Catholic faith was pro
hibited. On the other hand, it was agreed and distinctly under
stood between the two parties that religion was not to be taught
in the schools during the hours which, by the rules of the Board,
are set apart for proper school work. After the work of the
session is completed, there could be no objection to the rooms
being used for religious purposes, provided no compulsion was
used to secure the presence of such Protestant children as may
be in the schools.
"I believe these are the main features of the 'plan' adopted;
in all other respects these schools are subject to the same control
with the other schools under the supervision of the Board."
The result of this settlement is a uniform and inexclusive sys
tem, under which all children in the community may enjoy the
advantages of this great public, beneficence. On education must
be founded the standard of the intelligence and virtue of the
people, and in proportion to its expansion over evei^y class, the
2>eace and good order, the happiness and wealth of the community
must be promoted. If there is anything defective in the existing
system of public education, it is in its want of more enlarged, if
not of universal application. Could it be made compulsory for
every enild to attend a school, whether public or private, it would
pi-ove the most effectual means of relieving the streets of children,
vicious, because instructed in vice only; idlers, because taught that
idleness is freedom; criminals, because crime is the legitimate
fruit of vice and idleness, coupled with the destitution they are
certain to entail.
The topics heretofore alluded to have constituted the principal
objects of the legislation, and care of the City Council during the
20 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
past year. Many other objects of minor consideration have not
escaped its attention. For particular information as to these,
and as to the details in several departments of the municipal
administration, reference is made to the reports hereto appended.
I am indebted to Dr. William Duncan for the appended mor
tuary statement, furnished at my request for the public infor
mation.
It affords me pleasure, before closing this report, to express my
cordial testimony of the unflagging zeal and patriotic devotion of
my colleagues, and of the constant activity and the faithful and
efficient conduct of the officers of the City in general. If peace,
good order, and prosperity have been maintained during the past
year, it is to their exertions to these ends that the community is
indebted under the blessing of Almighty God.
JOHN SCREVEN, Mayor.
TREASURER'S REPORT.
22 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPOUf.
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MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 35
RESOURCES OF THE CITY OF SAVANNAH.
RAIL ROAD STOCKS
Claim against the heirs D. O'Byrne secured by
mortgage $2,300
12,380 shares Atlantic and Gulf R. R. Stock 1,238,300
1,307 " Montgomery and \V. Point R.R. stock... 130,700
410 " Augusta and Savanuali " " ... 41,000
1 " South Western " " ... 100
14,107 " 1,413,300
CITY LOTS AND OTHER PROPERTY
G72 Lots in 27 Wards under lease 694,000
46 " Springfield Plantation ... 28,180
58 " Calhoun, Crawford, Crawford East, For
syth, Lloyd, Stephens, Troup, and
Wesley Wards unsold 110,000
Remainder of Springfield Plantation 40,000
Landpart of Hutchison's Island 10,000
Water-Works and site 250,000
City Exchange 60,000
New and Old Police Barracks 58,000
City Pound 11,000
Firemans' Hall 12,500
City Dispensary 8,000
Dredge Machine, Scows, and Boats 40,000
Steamer O. M. Petit 15,000
Toombs east of Exchange , 4,000
Old Powder Magazine 2,000
New " " 5,000
Engine-houses and other Public Buildings 3,000
 1,350,680
2,763,080
RENTS ACCRUINO
Wharf Lot foot West Broad street annually 1,000
" " " Whitaker " " 500
" " Drayton " " 500
" " " Abercom " " 1,000
Low>er floors of City Exchange 5,125
Four tenements in Toombs 316
Strip on Savannah and Ogeechee Canal 75
Lots Nos. 81, 82, 83, and 1)0, and seven acres Spring
field Plantation 240
 8,756
?>f> MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPOftT.
PROPERTY NOT VALUED
Line of Wharf head between Hutchison's and Fig islands
Wharf-slip foot Reynolds street
One Horse, ten Mules for streets and lanes
One Horse, ten Mules for Police
AMOUNT OF TAXABLE REAL ESTATE 14,861,464
SAVANNAH, October 1, 1870.
MAYOR
S ANNUAL REPORT. 37

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38 MAYOR'S ANNUAL EEPOKt.
STATEMENT OF EXPORTS
FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1870.
EXPORTS, FOREIGN.
FOKEIRN VESSELS.
VALt'EUpland Cotton bales 143.717 $10,501,843
Sea Island Cotton bales 3,315 566,896
Pitch Pine Timber and Lumber feet 19,057,845 388,461
Miscell aneons 86,125
Total value of Exports in Foreign Vessels $17,603,325
AMERICAN VESSELS.
VAIXE.
Upland Cotton bales 119,068 111,773,005
Sea Island Cotton bales 3,486 465,360
Pitch Pine Timber and Lumber feet 6,626,900 137,739
Guano tons 1,250 50,000
Cotton Seed lbs 747,920 9,700
Miscellaneous 85,700
Total value of Exports in American Vessels 12,521,564
Total value Exports, Foreign $30,124,889
EXPORTS COASTWISE.
Upland Cotton bales 227.137 f>24,!)85J070
Sea Island Cotton bales 7,796 1,385,126
Domestics bales 5,478 497,426
Wool bales 561 22,510
Lumber feet 17,148,033 346.046
Rice tierces 14,761 750,250
Hides 120,423 416,417
Naval Stores bbls 2,838 n 352
Flour and Meal bbls 108 1.680
Wheat and Rye bbls 262 786
Miscellaneous 3QS g^
Total Value Exports Coastwise aog 725 -W)
Total Value Exports Foreign 30 -^o^ goq
Grand Total $58^50498
Value of Exports for the year ending June 30, 1869 4^ w jn.
Increase $10^13J04
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 39
Number of bales Cotton shipped 504,519
Previous year 306,164
Increase 138,355
TONNAGE AND CREWS OF VESSELS ENTERED AT THE PORT OF SAVAN
NAH FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1870.
NO. OF VESSELS. TONS. CREWS.
American 943 557,291 19,267
Foreign 97 04,737 1,577
1,040 622,028 20,844
r
40 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
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MAYOR S ANNUAL RErORT. 41
APPENDIX.
REPORTS OF CITY OFFICERS.
CITY MARSHAL'S REPORT.
SAVANNAH, October 1st, 1870.
Hon. John Screven, Mayor of the City of Savannah:.
SIRI have the honor to submit my report for your considera
tion, in obedience with Order No. 23.
GROUND RENTS.
A complete list has been furnished me, by the City Treasurer,
of all parties in arrears for more than two quarters of ground
rent, which will be advertised in the official gazette for one month.
STREETS AND LANES.
The streets and lanes are in fine condition, which is attributable
to the admirable manner of performing the large amount of work
required. Several sheds and fences have been removed by me,
some of which have encroached upon the city lines for several
years. The order compelling parties to pave within a certain
time has been temporarily suspended; I have had, however, a
great many pavements repaired, the parties in all cases cheerfully
complying with the order. There are numerous pavements which
require repairs, and in many places new pavements should be laid
as directed by Ordinance. The bricks are so worn in a great
many instances that the workmen will scarcely finish repairing
one portion before another portion will require the same work.
SALE OF CITY LOTS.
The following city lots have been sold by me under resolutions
of the City Council, passed from time to time:
6
42 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
March 3, 1870Lot No. Gl, Forsyth Ward $4,575
17,
31,
April 13,
" 13,
" 21, Wesley
" 38, Lloyd
" 39, 
" 46, a
" 51, a
" 52, a
" 10, Charlton
" 74, Stephens
.1,527
.2,005
.2,010
.2,010
.2,700
.2,900
.2,005
.3,525
$23,257
The following is a statement of taxes collected from executions
turned over to me by the City Treasurer, and small amounts from
the Pound, sale of Market Stalls, etc.:
Real Estate Executions for Taxes, 1867 $ 39 20
1868 349 58
1869 13,319 57
1870 6,835 69
1869 713 30
1868 and 1869 100 00
1869 267 00
1870 4,300 00
45 00
Sales and Income.
Buggy
Specific
Repairing Pavements
Sale of Market Stalls
Streets and Lanes
Fees Collected from Pound.
Fees (Executions)
80 00
100 00
129 00
669 00
$26,947 34
The following Executions I still have on hand:
Real Estate Executions for Taxes, 1867 $ 10 00
211 52
763 40
2,487 84
174 30 Sales and Income.
Specific
1868
1869
1870
1869
i
8
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2,975 00
Total Tax Executions not collected $6 622 06
The Taxes still due for the years 1867, 1868, and 1869, wiU cer
tainly be settled by the first of next month.
MAYOR'S" ANNUAL REPORT. 43
The Taxes for the first quarter of 1870 will bo collected as soon
as another quarter's executions have been turned over to me by
the City Treasurer. The amount of Specific Taxes uncollected is
mainly due to the question of the legality of these taxes, having
been carried into the Courts by grocers claiming that their
licenses for the sale of liquor cover the other part of their business.
Very respectfully,
GEORGE W. STILES,
City Marshal.
44 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
REPORT OF CLERK OF COUNCIL
CITY OF SAVANNAH, OFFICE CLECK OF COUNCIL, )
October 1st, 1870. [
Hon. John Screven, Mayor of Savannah:
SIRPursuant to Mayor's Order No. 23, I have the honor to
submit the annual rejwrt of the transactions of my office for the
fiscal year ending September 30th, 1870:
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS.
FISCAL YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30TH, 1869.
BADGES. FEIS. FIXES. LICENSES. REGISTRY. SEWER PERMITS. TOTAL.
$11,112 001*753 00 $2,639 00 $33,923 58 #4,357 00 $117 00 .$52,901 58
BADGES. FINI
$13,924 00 $443 00 $5,101 00 $32,463 16 $2,495 00
LICENSES.* REGISTRY* SEWEU PERMITS.
$600 00
TOTAL.
i,026 16
* NOTE.The price of retail liquor licenses for 1869 was $150
each, while the price of said licenses for 1870 was reduced to
$125 each; the additional number of licenses issued will nearly
make up the discrepancy.
The Registration for the year 1869 was 4,713 against 2,645 for
the present year.
The Minutes of Council were commenced in the year 1791;
a hiatus exists from December, 1796, to July, 1800, and from Janu
ary 20th, 1850, to 10th March, 1853; the latter volume was proba
bly lost or mislaid in the removal of books durino- the war.
The records of the old Brick Cemetery are not complete, several
volumes being missing. However, it is exceedingly rare that I am
called on for any information as to the said Cemetery. Most of
the remains of persons interred there having been removed to
Laurel Grove Cemetery since the closing of the old Brick Ceme
tery on the first day of July, 1853.
The records of Laurel Grove Cemetery, with the record of
titles to lots therein, is complete from the date of its opening in
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 45
1853 to the present date, the reports of interments being regularly
furnished to this office monthly and placed on record.
The record of interments in the Cathedral Cemetery (Roman
Catholic) is also complete to date, as also are the records of inter
ments in Evergreen Cemetery (Bonaventure) for the past year.
I take pleasure in stating that the reports of the Laurel Grove
and Cathedral Cemeteries are always regularly handed in monthly
during the entire year, and also weekly during the Vmonths of
June, July, August, September, and October, for publication by
the Board of Health, and I am greatly indebted to Mr. A. F.
Torlay, Keeper of Laurel Grove Cemetery, and to the Very Rev.
Wm. J. Hamilton, Vicar-General of the Diocese of Savannah,
for their prompt and courteous attention in forwarding said
reports. The very complete Mortuary report, carefully compiled
by Dr. Wm. Duncan, with full statistics, is hereto annexed.
The Board of Health have labored faithfully during the past
season, demonstrating the efficiency of the new system intro
duced last year. The weekly reports have been carefully consoli
dated, and are on file in this office.
The Phoenix Disinfectant has been freely used by the direc
tion of the Health officers during their inspections, and with the
best results; there has been expended 1,878 pounds of this article,
over 800 pounds being used in abating a public nuisance arising
from the storage of fish guano on Hutchinson's island, which was
removed by city officers as a public nuisance.
I have the honor to be,
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAMES STEWART,
Clerk of Council.
46 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
MORTUARY STATISTICS.
BY DR. WM. DUNCAN.
The accompanying tables represent a consolidated classification
of causes of deaths of whites and colored from October 1st, 1869,
to September 30th, 1870, a comparative statement of the number
of deaths during this period with corresponding months of the
two years previous, and a statement of the number of deaths of
each s-x and the number of still-born infants.
The division of the city into Districts is an arbitrary one, made
for the purpose of instituting a thorough sanitary inquiry and
comparing the number and causes of death in one locality with
those of another. Attention is thus directed to the diseases most
prevalent in each section of the city, to the study of the causes
giving rise to and producing such diseases, and finally to the
adoption of more thorough and satisfactory hygienic measures.
The First District comprises all that portion of the city east of
Bull and north of Liberty streets, and designated as Northeast,
the Second District, east of Whitaker and south of Liberty streets,
and designated as Southeast; the Third District, west of Bull and
north of Liberty streets, and designated as Northwest; the Fourth
District, west of Whitaker and south of Liberty streets, and
designated as Southwest.
The census of the city, taken by the Police force, under au
thority of a resolution passed by the City Council, represents the
white population of these Districts as follows:
Over 21 years. Under 21 years.
Males. | Females. I Males. | Females.
Total. No. of
Deaths.
First District 1,434 1,237 951 912 4,534 97
Second District.. 634 684 479 506 2.303 100
Third District.... 1,555 1,333 967 962 4,817 109
Fourth District.. 901 920 697 766 3,284 102
Unknown 28
4,524 3,094 3,146
Ratio
per ct.
2.14
4.34
2.26
3.10
2.91
From these figures it will be seen that the ratio per cent, of
mortality among the whites is 2.91, and that the Second and
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 47
Fourth Districts appear more unfavorable to health than the First
and Third. The large ratio per cent, of mortality in the Second
as compared with the other Districts may be partially accounted
for by the fact of two hospitals being located in this District
the Savannah Poor-House and Hospital and the Forest City
Marine Hospital. In these Hospitals forty-five deaths are reported
during the above mentioned periodthirty-six of this number
occurring in the former and nine in the latter named institution.
The census returns represent the entire colored population as
being 13,217. The number of deaths among this class for the
year ending September 30th, 1870, is 579, and the ratio per cent,
of mortality is 4.48. No record of the Districts in which these
deaths occurred have been preserved, and consequently a com
parative estimate can not be obtained.
Attention is directed to the number of deaths occurring under
five years of age, also to the number of deaths from accident and
negligence, the latter being greater than the number of deaths
from digestive diseases.
It should be borne in mind that, while the entire population
according to the census returns is represented as being 28,155,
this number is largely increased during the winter months by a
transient and floating population. Seamen, artizans, and laborers
increase the population many thousands during the business
season; a fair proportion of these are added to the death record,
while no account of them is taken in the census. If a correct
estimate of the number of these were added to the returns fur
nished by the census, the ratio per cent, of mortahty would yield
much more favorable figures.
Resjiectfully submitted,
WM. DUNCAN, M. D.
48 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
A COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF DEATHS in the City of Savannah from
October 1st, 1867, to September 30th, 1868, from October 1st, 1868,
to September 30th, 1869, andfrom October 1st, 1869, to September
30th, 1870.
MONTHS.
October .
November
December
January .
February
March. . .
April....
May ....
June . . .
July ....
August .
September
1867 TO 1868.
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60
58
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117
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118
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104
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51 44
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39 39
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MAYOR
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MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. , 51
REPORT OF THE HEALTH OFFICER OF QUARANTINE
OPERATIONS IN THE HARBOR OF SAVANNAH, GA.,
FROM 1ST OCTOBER, 1869, TO 1ST OCTOBER, 1870.
OFFICE OF HEALTH OFFICER, \
SAVANNAH, October 1st, 1870. )
To the Honorable John, Screven, Mayor of Savannah:
SIRI have the honor to forward for your consideration my
annual report of the Quarantine operations in the harbor of
Savannah, under my supervision, for the current year ending 30th
September, 1870.
Tour Order, of August 29th, 1870, calls for an annual report
from the Health Officer for the year beginning October 1st, 1869,
and ending October 1st, 1870.
I have the honor to state that the duties of the Health Officer
from October 1st, 1869, to January 1st, 1870, were ably performed
by my predecessor, Dr. J. T. McFarland, and that I regret I am
unable to obtain and to make an official report for that period.
An Ordinance, passed January 5th, 1860, makes it obligatory
upon the Health Officer to attend the sick of the Police force of
the city. I have attended to this duty from January, 1870, to the
present time, and respectfully refer to the report of the Chief of
Police for further information.
QUARANTINE GROUND.
It being deemed necessary that a change should be made in the
location of the Quarantine Ground of this Port, the following
official correspondence was the result:
MAYORALTY OF SAVANNAH, }
May 14th, 1870. [
Gentlemen of the City Council:
Having been informed by the Health Officer that there is a
prevalence of epidemic diseases in ports of the West India
Islands with which this port is in communication, I have the
honor to lay this information before you, and to recommend your
52 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
honorable body to establish, without delay, such Quarantine
Regulations as will tend to secure this community against infec
tion of epidemic diseases during the approaching hot months of
the year. It is a well founded opinion that the Quarantine
Ground at Fort Jackson is so near to the city, and in such close
juxtaposition to the mainland on which the city rests, that it does
not afford the isolation so essential to protection against contami
nation, while a strong objection may be urged to the locality itself,
as being unhealthy, and, therefore, being unfit for the purpose of
Quarantine. It has been adhered to in previous years only
because of the expensiveness and loss of time involved in com
municating with more distant points, in all respects better fitted
for Quarantine Grounds. The objections are now, however,
removedthe Collector of Customs at this Port having consid
erately consented to place the Government boarding steam, launch
at the disposal of the Health Officer, under certain reasonable
conditions. Having an assurance to this effect, I respectfully
recommend that your honorable body, by resolution, establish a
new Quarantine Ground in Tybee Roads, abreast the Lighthouse
on Tybee Island, where vessels can ride at safe anchorage, and
where no objection can be found to the healthfulness of the
locality, while the danger of infection will be removed to the
utmost possible distance, consistent with convenient accessibility.
"Signed,
"JOHN SCREVEN, Mayor."
The following Resolution was offered by Alderman Ferrill, and
adopted :
"Resolved, That on and after the 20th May, or on such other
day as may be appointed by the Mayor, Quarantine Ground for
the Port of Savannah shall be Tybee Roads, opposite to or abreast
of the Lighthouse on Tybee Island, and that the' Health Officer is
authorized hereby to publish his order requiring all infected
vessels to come to anchor in Tybee Roads, as aforesaid, on or
after the 20th May, or such other day as may be appointed by the
Mayor."
"Resolved, That the thanks of this body are hereby tendered to
the Collector of Customs of this Port for his consideration in
tendering the use of the Custom House boarding launch to the
Health Officer of the city, and for the better securing the inhab
itants of this city against infectious or contagious diseases as may
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 53
be brought by vessels to this Port, his Honor, the Mayor, be and is
hereby authorized and requested to authorize any officer of the
Customs boarding any'vessel at sea having on board any infectious
or contagious disease, or suspicion of the same, to order said
vessel to come to anchor at the Quarantine Ground at Tybee
Roads, heretofore established, until such vessel be visited and
examined by the proper Health Officer of the Port."
Whereupon the following "Special Notice to Pilots and Masters
of Vessels" was published in the newspapers of the city :
OFFICE OF HEALTH OFFICER,
SAVANNAH, May 25th, 1870.
From and after the 1st June, the following Quarantine Regula
tions will be enforced:
1st. All vessels arriving at this Port from, or having touched at
Key West, Florida, the West India Islands, South America, or
Mexico;
2nd. All vessels from Foreign Ports without clean bills of
health, or from ports where contagious or epidemic disease is
known or supposed to exist, or having had sickness on board
during the passage, will anchor in Tybee Roads, opposite the
Lighthouse, until visited and inspected by the Health Officer.
Pilots and Masters of Vessels will be held rigidly responsible
for any violation of the above regulations.
J. C. HABERSHAM, M. D.,
Health Officer Port of Savannah.
Approved : JOHN SCREVEN, Mayor.
The following Special Notice was posted up for the informa
tion of Pilots :
"Pilots will hail all vessels entering the Port of Savannah, and
ascertain if such vessels are subject to Quarantine or examination
by the Health Officer.
" The Pilot shall then immediately give notice to the Master of
such vessel that he, his vessel, his cargo, crew, and passengers are
subject to such examination; that he must proceed and anchor
said vessel at the Quarantine Ground, there to await the further
direction of the Health Officer.
" Should it become necessary for any Pilot to board an infected
vessel, the said Pilot shall be subject to such detention and delay
at Quarantine Ground as the Health Officer may direct."
J. C. HABERSHAM, M. D.,
Health Officer City of Savannah.
54 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
FEES OF HEALTH OFFICER.
On the 26th May an official communication was addressed to
the City Council by the Health Officer, asking for an increase of
fees, with the following as the result:
" The Committee on Finance, to which was referred the appli
cation of Dr.'Habersham, requesting an increase of fees for board
ing vessels at Tybee Roads (eighteen miles from Savannah),
recommend that the present fees allowed the Health Officer by
the Ordinance be continued in force, and that the sum of ten
dollars in addition be allowed for each vessel boarded at Quaran
tine."
QUARANTINE HOSPITAL.
There being an urgent necessity for the establishment of a
"Lazaretto," or Quarantine Hospital, at some spot convenient  of
access to vessels at Tybee Roads, a communication by the Health
Officer on the subject was addressed (July 20tli, 1870) to the
City Council, and the following action was taken as the result:
" The Finance Committee to which was referred the application
of the Health Officer for the erection of a Quarantine Hospital on
Tybee Island, having had the same under consideration, beg leave
to report that, although they recognize the importance of having
a Hospital at that location, they think that the season is too far
advanced, and therefore recommend the application be received
for information."
I respectfully request your Honor to bring this necessity of a
Quarantine Hospital at Tybee Island again before the City
Council at an early date.
I am in hopes that some action in this most important matter
may be taken by your honorable body, and that Quarantine build
ings for hospital purposes may be erected before the next summer
sets in.
PEST-HOUSE AT THUNDERBOLT.
By special Ordinance it becomes also the duty of the Health
Officer to have removed from the city all cases of small pox to the
Pest-House at Thunderbolt, and to visit and treat them there. 
I am happy to state that during my term of office I have not
been called to remove a single case of this disease from the city.
I find the buildings at Thunderbolt amply capacious for the
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 55
purposes contemplated, and would recommend that they be
thoroughly whitewashed within and without, and that there should
be furnished by the city a supply of Hospital furniture and bed
ding.
LIST OF VESSELS AND STEAMERS VISITED BY THE
HEALTH OFFICER AT QUARANTINE GROUND,
FROM JUNE 1, 1870, TO OCTOBER 1, 1870.
JUNE 11THBark Atlanta, Captain C. C. Ricker, bound for Fal
mouth, England, from Havana; cargo, sugarClean bill of health.
JUNE 15THSchooner Coquette, Captain D. C. Cruise, from
Matanzas; cargo, fruitClean bill of health.
JULY 28THBark Paquita, Captain B. Garau, from Cardenas,
Cuba, in ballastClean bill of health.
AuexUST 17THSchooner Violin, Captain T. Bullard, from Nas
sauClean bill of health.
AUGUST 17THSteamship Tonawanda, from PhiladelphiaNo
sickness on board.
AUGUST 23DSteamship Wyoming, from PhiladelphiaClean
bill of health.
AUGUST :31STSteamship Tonawanda, from PhiladelphiaNo
sickness on board.
AUGUST 31STBrig E. H. Kennedy, Captain F. Gyer, from Car
denas, CubaClean bill of health.
SEPTEMBER 20THBrig Mystic, Captain D. M. Hoepmann, from
Tobasco, Mexico; cargo, mahoganyNo sickness on board.
SEPTEMBER 25TH AND 27THShip Constitution, Captain Dutton,
from Liverpool; cargo, salt. This vessel had lost one seaman
from typhus fever on the passage, and arrived at Quarantine
Ground with two sick seamen, one with rheumatism, and the
other with ship, or typhus fever. The case of fever was imme
diately removed from the ship to the Pest-House at Thunderbolt,
and was treated tjiere by the Health Officer until convalescent.
He was then removed to the Hospital in Savannah. The vessel
remained in Quarantine until the 30th September. After thorough,
fumigation, she was permitted to come to the city. No cases
occurred after her arrival.
SEPTEMBER 27THVisited brig Catherine, Captain F. Shearer,
from Rio Janeiro; cargo, coffeeClean bill of health.
SEPTEMBER 27THSchooner Constitution, Captain Geo. Smith,
from Darien to Savannah. I visited the above schooner to exam-
56 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
ine two sick seamen, taken sick on the passage from Darien, Ga.,
to Savannah. I found them affected with malarial fever of an
intermittent type, and permitted them to be brought to the Hos
pital in the city.
I reported to your Honor the violation of Quarantine Regula
tions in two cases. That of Pilot Daniels, who brought, on the
19th September, the brig Mystic, from Tobasco, Mexico, to Venus'
Point. The reason urged in this case was that the vessel was in
an unseaworthy condition and the weather tempestuous, and it
was deemed unsafe to anchor her in Tybee Roads. In the second
case, Pilot Cesser brought to the lower end of Fig Island the brig
Catherine, from Rio Janeiro, and anchored her at that point. In
this case I ordered the vessel back to Quarantine Ground, and
visited her there. Finding her with clean bill of health, and all
well on board, after a detention of forty-eight hours, and
thorough fumigation, she was permitted to come to the city.
It is a matter of thankfulness and congratulation that up to
this date we have not a single case of yellow fever, cholera, or
small pox at Quarantine Ground.
It has been my object to keep up an effective Quarantine, and
I take pleasure in assuring you that I have been much indebted to
the courtesy and assistance of Col. T. P. Robb, the Collector of
Customs of this Port, and to Captain Hunt, and to all connected
with the Government steam launch placed at my disposal.
My thanks are also due to Dr. Thomas J. Charlton, who has
kindly attended to the sick of the Police Force during my neces
sary absence from the city when visiting vessels at Quarantine.
I am, sir, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
J. C. HABERSHAM, M. D.,
Health Officer Port of Savannah.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 57
REPORT OF THE CITY SURVEYOR.
Hon. John Screven, Mayor:
SIRIn accordance with your request, I submit the following
report of work on the streets and lanes of the city together
with that pertaining to the departments of dry culture, public
buildings, and docks and wharves. The extent of this work in
the first of these has far exceeded any previous year in the his
tory of the city. Important improvements have been inaugu
rated, and while the expenses have been proportionately large,
there can be but one opinion in relation to the judicious expendi
ture of the peoples' money in works of a permanent character,
whether considered simply as an investment or as conducing to
their health and comfort. Foremost among these has been
drainage. During the jjast year this subject has received as it
deserved a large share of attention from Council. A systematic
j)lan has been devised, and we may confidently expect that in the
construction of our sewers in the future the best results will be
obtained and the errors of the past avoided.
Closely allied to sewerage, is the establishment of fixed giades
for our streets. This important matter has received too little
attention in past years. It should in all cases precede building,
and such permanent grade-marks placed along the streets at each
change of grade, as will render mistakes impossible in this
respect from a change in the official incumbent.
As a preparatory step a survey has been made, and the present
levels of all street intersections taken. These have been placed
on record in a bopk carefully prepared and substantially bound.
Council has pressed forward the draining of the southeastern
portion of the city begun by the proceeding board, and through
the energetic efforts of the chairman of the committee on streets
has been induced to furnish liberally the means of grading to a
proper level the streets passing through a previously impassable
and most unhealthy swamp. The result, as was to be expected,
is already manifest in the rapid development of this section;
buildings of a substantial and even elegant character are being
8
56 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
erected in a locality where a short time previous it was thought
fatal to live.
The following streets have been graded:
Gwinnett street from Price to Drayton.
Gwinnett " " Jefferson to West Broad.
West Broad " " Gwinnett to Huntingdon.
Hall " " West Broad to Jefferson.
Jefferson " " Hall to Huntingdon.
Bolton " " Abercorn to Price.
Lincoln " " Gwinnett to New Houston.
Bolton lane " Drayton to Abercorn.
Waldburg lane " Drayton to Abercorn.
Waldburg street " Drayton to Abercorn.
New Houston " " Drayton to Lincoln.
Abercorn " " Huntingdon to Henry.
Henry " " Abercorn to Drayton.
Drayton " " Henry to Gwinnett.
Duffey " " Drayton to Barnard.
Bull - " " New Houston to Duffey Street lane.
Barnard " " Waldburg to Anderson.
Anderson street " Barnard to Montgomery.
Gwinnett street across the low lands of the Springfield Planta
tion.
The depth of cut and fill on these streets has been from one to
four feet, and the cost and labor many times greater than will
ordinarily occur in a city as level as ours.
The railroad cut in Randolph street, which has for years been
a source of great annoyance, has been nearly filled up, and this
important avenue to River street will soon be opened to the pubhc.
The lanes of the city generally have been graded, in some cases
to the depth of fifteen inches. This portion of the city requires
constant attention, as the accumulation is yearly very great.
The number of cubic yards of earth removed in the streets
above mentioned, exclusive of the lanes, has been thirty-five
thousand seven hundred and fifty, at a cost of thirteen thousand
five hundred and twelve dollars ($13,512).
SEWERS. i
The following sewers have been built. Continuation of the
Bolton street sewer, commencing at a point near the intersection
of Habersham street, west to Abercorn, seven hundred and fortyfour (744) feet in length, and five feet in diameter.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 59
Abercorn street sewer, commencing at Bolton street, south to
Duffey street, nine hundred and thirty-three (933) feet in length,
and four feet in diameter.
Duffey street sewer, commencing at Abercorn, west to Barnard
street, fourteen hundred and ninety (1,490) feet in length, and
four feet in diameter.
Barnard street sewer, commencing at Duffey, south to Anderson
street, six hundred and five (605) feet in length, and four feet in
diameter, and connecting with the pond (a fruitful source of
malarial exhalation) lying south of Anderson street, and between
Barnard and Jefferson streets. This pond is now thoroughly
drained.
Price street sewer, from South Broad to Perry lane, connecting
with sewer in said lane. Length five hundred and eighty-two
feet, and three feet in diameter. (The great concentration of
water in this street, and the damage yearly occurring from wash
ing, render it essential to provide a greater number of inlets to
conduct the water to the main sewer outlet in Perry lane. There
are now eleven catch basins, each supplied with vitrified clay pipes
one foot in diameter, which it is hoped will prevent any further
injury. The construction of the Broughton street sewer will
relieve this section of the city entirely, by diverting the flow of
water from Washington, Warren, Columbia, and Greene wards.)
Drayton street sewer, commencing at Perry lane, south to Jones
street, nine hundred and sixty feet, with eleven catch basins
trapped, and having a clear diameter of two feet six inches.
The cost of the above sewers has been as follows :
Bolton street sewer $ 5,840 00
Abercorn " " 6,550 00
Duffey " " 10,04500
Barnard " " 5,226 25
Price " "
3

300 00
Drayton  " 2,97000
In connection with the proposed plan of sewerage, and forming
the groundwork for future operations, I have, by order of Coun
cil, advertised for bids for the construction of the mam first class
sewer in East Broad street, to extend from the Bolton street
intersection to Gaston street, one thousand four hundred and
fifty-six feet, with a diameter of seven feet.
From Gaston street to Perry lane, one thousand eight hundred
and fifteen feet, diameter six feet six inches.
60 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
From Perry lane to Broughton street, one thousand four hun
dred and thirty-feet, diameter six feet. Total length four thous
and seven hundred and one feet.
Also, for the construction of the Broughton street sewer,
denominated second class, extending from East to West Broad
streets, and having a diameter of three feet at WTest Broad street,
three feet six inches at Jefferson, four feet at Whitaker, four feet
six inches at Price, and five feet from Price to East Broad. Total
length four thousand and sixty-four (4,064) feet. Upon the com
pletion of these main lines, sewers denominated third class, to be
built as needed (connecting with the Broughton street sewer, and
commencing at Bay street on the north and South Broad street
on the South), in each intersecting street. Of this class those
most urgently required are: Houston street, for the drainage of
Washington ward, and Barnard street for Decker ward. The
diameter need not exceed two feet six inches, the fall being so
great as not only to vent the water speedily, but prevent the
accumulation of any deposits.
Fifteen-inch pipe drains have been laid along River street, with
branches at right angles to the river. The leaders from the roofs
of the buildings fronting on this street have been connected with
the drains, also closet connections. Many portions of this street
have been wet, and during continued rains almost impassable.
Spring water from the hill side in its course toward the river ran
over the surface of the street, producing during the business
season a state of things very detrimental to the draying interests
of the city. The introduction of the drains above mentioned,
and in one or two instances of brick sewers, has removed the
evil, and the whole line between East and West Broad streets is
now in good condition.
The sewer east of the Savannah and Ogeechee Canal known as
the Screven sewer, located as it is at the foot of the western slope
of the city, becomes the receptacle of large quantities of sand
washed down during heavy rains. Its very slight descent, not
more than three fourths of an inch in one hundred feet, and a
very irregular bottom, had caused an accumulation of sand so
great as to render the sewer almost useless. It had not been
cleaned for many years. This important outlet has been put in
thorough order, new outlets built, and arrangements made for
giving greater facility to the labor of cleansing. I would respect
fully suggest that (with the permission of the Canal Company) a
MAYOR S ANNUAT, REPORT. 61
connection be made near the southern terminus, with the canal,
for flushing purposes. This need be done only at spring tide low
water, so that any waste of water can be at once restored on the
return of the tide.
PAVING.
In no portion of the public work has Council shown a more
liberal spirit of improvement than in our thoroughfares. The
Central Railroad Company with commendable public spirit have
completed a wood block pavement, known as the "Nicholson
patent," on West Broad street, opposite their depot, and extend
ing from South Broad to Railroad street. The remainder of West
Broad street, north, has been paved with cobble stones on the
eastern side, and the portion previously paved on the west re
surfaced.
River street, from West Broad to the Lower Rice Mill, with the
excej^tion of three blocks previously paved and one block now
under contract, has been laid with the same material. East Broad
street, from South Broad to Bay street, on the western side, with
cobble stones, giving a continuous paved road from the Atlantic
and Gulf depot to the wharves. Bay street, west of Whitaker,
and Whitaker street have been resurfaced.
A contract has been made with J. H. Graybill, Esq., to pave that
portion of Bay street, from the east side of Drayton to the west
side of Whitaker, with a wood block pavement, known as the
"Stowe patent," and with Michael Cash, Esq., the remaining por
tion of Bay street to the east side of East Broad street with
Hudson river graywacke, or blue stone. This work is now well
advanced, and it is hoped that at least the southern side of the
street with crossings leading to the slips will be completed before
the business season has fully set in.
CROSSINGS.
The entire line of crossings on Bull, Whitaker, Barnard, and
Drayton streets have been put in good condition, by the use of
plank footways enclosed with cobble stone paving. The crossings
to the market, twelve in number, have all been newly paved in the
same manner. Cast iron bridge plates have, as far as practicable,
replaced the wooden bridges, and though more expensive, may be
classed among the permanent improvements of the city, being
almost indestructible, while the wood has to be replaced every
62 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
three or four years. About seventy-five of these plates have been
used in the principal thoroughfares.
There has been no intermission in the work of this division of
street labor. It is very desirable to have all the crossings con
structed of durable material. The substitution of iron bridge
plates for wood, and cobble stone for brick and lime, will be true
economy.
BRIDGES.
Three new wrought iron foot bridges have been built over the
slips at Drayton, Lincoln, and Barnard streets, the spans respec
tively being forty-five, fifty-five and seventy-five feet, and the cost
$900, $1,100, and $1,400. The line of footways along the north
side of Bay street is now complete.
A substantial wooden bridge has been built across Lamar's
Canal, at a cost of $450. A similar structure is now under
contract to replace the decayed one across the Savannah and
Ogeechee Canal, on the line of Railroad street. Cost $495.
Total cost of bridges, $4,345.
STREETS OPENED.
The following streets have been opened: Jefferson, between
Hall and Gwinnett; Jefferson, through lands of Mrs. Jane Bryan,
extending from Bolton street lane to Anderson street. The
negotiations for the opening of this street, conditional upon the
construction of the Abercorn street sewer and grading the street,
were made by the preceding Board.
Bolton street, between Price and Abercorn.
Lincoln street, from Gwinnett to Anderson, and New Houston
street,from Abercorn to Lincolh street. The transfers to the city
of these streets were also made through the preceding Board.
By Ordinance passed July 7, 1870, the following streets have
been declared opened, thereby extending the j^lan of the city to
Lover's Lane on the south, East Broad street on the east, and
West Broad street on the west:
Habersham street, from Gordon to Lover's lane.
Lincoln street, from Gordon to Gwinnett.
Gordon lane, Gaston street and lane, and Huntingdon street,
through lands of David Brown, Esq.
Huntingdon lane, Hall street and lane, through garden lots
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 63
Nos. 55 and 56, property of Col. E. C. Anderson, Jr., and estate
of W. W. Gordon.
Duffey street, through lands of Geo. W. Garmany.
Montgomery street, from Duffey to Lover's lane.
FORTIFICATIONS.
The entire line of fortifications thrown up by Gen. Sherman
are now levelled, with the exception of a small portion overlook
ing the low lands on the east. During the past year all those
from Laurel Grove Cemetery, north, to the Central Railroad
Depot, have been completed at a cost of eight cents per cubic
yard. Number of yards, 15,452. Total, $1,236 16.
An average force of thirty-five men have been employed on the
streets during the year, as laborers, pavers, etc. Three new carts
with teams have been added to the number previously employed,
making ten now engaged.
PARKS AND SQUARES.
Chippewa and Lafayette squares, and the greater portion of
Forsyth Park have been spaded over and graded, and sown with
grass seed and clover. Having suggested a plan which met the
sanction of Council, Chippewa square has been laid out with
walks diverging in curved lines, from the central walks along the
line of Bull street towards the trust lots on the east and west
sides of the square. By this arrangement the unsightly diagonal
paths across the grass-plats, made in endeavoring to reach by the
shortest route the points designated are avoided. The new walks
have been shelled and enclosed with cedar posts, supporting a
single continuous rail formed of gas-pipe, designated half-inch.
A heavier rail would be more appropriate, the size used being too
easily bent.
All the remaining squares throughout the city not having paved
walks have been laid out with walks intersecting at right angles
and shelled. Some time will be needed to properly shape and
render smooth the surface. The services of not less than three
men will be constantly required to keep in proper order the
public squares. With this number of competent men they may
be'made to add greatly to the beauty and attractiveness of our
city.
64 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
About 550 trees have been planted in the squares and streets
by the city, irrespective of those by individuals. The Central
railroad, as usual, have kindly furnished transportation for those
varieties not found in our vicinity.
PUBLIC BUILDINGS.
The new Police Barracks, contracted for and begun by the pre
ceding board, has been completed and thoroughly furnished
throughout at a cost of $28,504 81.
The Exchange steeple, from long neglect and a leaking roof,
had become so much decayed as imperatively to require that
something should be done to insure its stability. The roof
trusses, four in number, have been furnished with additional
straps and bolts, in order to render them capable of sustaining a
portion of the weight of the steeple. This has been accom
plished by four heavy timbers, resting on the trusses and bolted
to them and to the eight uprights forming the principal frame
work to the steeple itself. All decayed timbers have been
removed, as also decayed exterior mouldings and sheathing, and
the whole thoroughly painted from the roof of the body of the
building to the top of the spire, including the regilding of the
clock figures, and hands, balls, and weather-cock. The cost of
the above work has been $2,284 09.
One of the vaults on the east of the Exchange has been
rendered water-proof, and neatly fitted up for water-closet pur
posescost $445.
The keeper's house at Laurel Grove Cemetery has been repaired
and put in good condition.
Plans for a new market building, by Messrs. Muller aud
Schwaab, have been adopted and the work put under contract.
Temporary sheds are being erected on Barnard and St. Julian
streets on the west and south of the market proper, and the
demolition of the old structure will in a few days be complete.
Proposed cost $75,000.
DRY CULTURE.
TheWork in this department has been principally confined to
the Springfield plantation. New ditches have been dug, and the
canal on the west side of the low lands, known as the Spriugfifeld
canal, has been cleaned out and deepened. This portion of the
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 65
work, has been laborious and expensive. It was deepened, widened
and thoroughly embanked soon after the purchase of the Plan
tation by the city under the direction of Dr. Screven, then Chair
man of the Dry Culture committee. Since that period it has had
little attention, and for the last ten years has been totally
neglected.
The floodgate at the mouth of the canal, built in 1859, has been
renewed down to the foundation.
The ditch at the foot of the slope on the eastern side, which
was completely filled up, has been opened from the southern end
of the Screven sewer to Gwinnett street, and the drainage water
from the city cut oft' from the low lands and directed into the
sewer above named. It is proposed to continue this drain or
canal from Gwinnett street south to the back dam, thereby pre
venting the washing of sand from the hill side into the Spring
field ditches.
Gates have been added to the syphon under the Ogeechee canal
to prevent any possible overflow from the river. It is very desir
able that these low lands should be put under cultivation, com
posed as they are of the finest lands in the world; the wilderness
of weeds which now covers them should give place to rich
harvests of corn, cotton, and sugar cane.
The canals on the east of the city were cleaned of weeds early
in the summer, and the banks repaired where broken. A sub
stantial fence has been put up along the branch leading from the
Perry lane sewer to prevent the trampling of cattle. The banks
along the whole line of Bilbo's canal and branches need strength
ening and elevating, to render the adjoining low lands perfectly
safe from overflow from the constantly increasing volume of
water thrown into them in the construction of the new drains.
Total cost in this department for the year $5,636 80.
DOCKS AND WHARVES.
The docks at the foot of West Broad and Barnard streets have
been repaired.
A line of sheet-piling extending from the lock at the mouth of
the Savannah and Ogeechee canal to the river front, and along
the river front west thirty feet, has been driven for the purpose of
preventing the washing back of the sand and mud into the canal
basin during the progress of dredging, rendered necessary from
9
66 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
the accumulation of deposit from the sewers having their outlets
at this point.
A catch basin for sand is in process of construction at the foot
of West Broad street, it being impossible to keep a proper depth
of water along the wharves adjoining this dock.
I am dear sir, very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
JOHN B. HOGG,
City Surveyor.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 67
REPORT OF THE CHIEF OF POLICE.
SAVANNAH, GA., October 1, 1870.
To Hon. John Screven, Mayor, Savannah, Ga. :
SmI have the honor very respectfully to submit for your con
sideration the following report of my department for the year
ending October 1, 1870.
The aggregate strength of the department including the Detective
Force under Lieut. Wray is 111, as follows:
Chief of Police 1
Lieutenants 2
Sergeants 6
Clerk 1
Privates 97
Chief Detective 1
Detectives 3
Of the whole number of privates of Police, only 74 are available
for patrol duty, twenty-three (23) being detailed on special duty
as follows:
Lance Sergeants 2
Steeple 3
Market, 4 on each relief 8
Detail at Mayor's Office 1
In charge of Police stable 1
Police prison, 1 in day, 2 at night 3
PoUce office, 1 " 2 " 3
Banks on Bay street, 1 on each night relief 2*
Total 23
I have forty-one posts to be covered by each night rehef, re
quiring 82 privates. Deducting the 23 extra-duty men, my pres
ent strength would furnish me only 74 privates for duty (provided
I had no men sick, which is never the case, my sick report aver
aging from January to January at least eight men per day),
requiring me to leave open, and double a number of wards every
night.
* Paid by banks and not by city.
68 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
Owing to the large area embraced within the corporate limits
of the city, I would respectfully recommend that the number of
privates be increased to 125.
At the present time that portion of the city between lliver and
Gaston, Fahni and Arnold streets is patroled by footmen, and that
south of Gaston by two mounted privates on each relief.
In addition to their regular Police duties, the Police Force has
during the year performed the duties of the Board of Health in a
most efficient manner, the premises of every portion of the city
having been regularly inspected once every week between the 1st
of June and the 1st of October, and a consolidated report of the
same made by me weekly to your Honor. They have also kept
an accurate account of the city lamps, a report of which I have
'made monthly to the chairman of the Gas committee, specifying
the number lit each night, the number not lit, and the number
giving poor light. In addition to this they have also taken the
census of the city, a report of wdiich I made to your Honor on the
14th ult.
During the year 2021 arrests have been made, being 445 more
than the year previous; of this number 952 were white, and 1069
colored, for the following named crimes and misdemeanors.
Offence. White. Colored. Total.
Larceny 38 299 337
Drunkenness 668 158 826
Disorderly conduct 233 498 731
Contempt of Court 2 8 10
Rape 1 1
Murder 1 1
Manslaughter 1 . . 1
Vagrancy 2 17 19
Licentious conduct in the public streets.1 7 8
Accidental shooting 1 . . 1
Suspicious characters 6 80 86
Totals 952 1069 2021
Lodgers during the year169 white, 121 colored. Total 290.
Casualties and changes in the department during the year:
Killed in the discharge of duty 1*
Wounded in the discharge of duty 2
Died 1
Dismissed 13
Dropped 6
Resigned 12
Appointed 35
* I'oliceman Sullivan, 25tli December, 1869.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 69
Enclosed you will please find two inventories of property, one
of property belonging to the city, the other of property belonging
to the Department, and paid for out of the Company Fund, an
account current of the expenditure of which has been rendered
by me every month to your Honor.
On the 20th ult. we moved into our new Barracks, which are
extremely comfortable, and for which the members of the Depart
ment are sincerely grateful, and will, I trust, by increased energy,
activity, and efficiency give satisfactory evidence of their apprecia
tion and gratitude.
In conclusion, it affords me much pleasure to bear testimony
to the zeal and efficiency of both my commissioned and non
commissioned officers, and to the general good behavior of my
men, whose duty in some instances has not only been arduous
but delicate and trying.
Trusting that the duties of my department have been per
formed by me to the satisfaction of your Honor, and thanking
you for the courtesy, kindness, and confidence with which you
have always treated me, I am, sir,
Very respectfully,
Your obedient servant,
R. H. ANDERSON,
Chief of Police.
70 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
MARKET REPORT.
OFFICE CLERK OF THE MARKET, )
SAVANNAH, GA., Oct. 4, 1870. )
Hon. John Screven, Mayor City of Savannah:
SIRI have the honor to submit herewith a statement of
market receipts for the year beginning October 1, 1869, and
ending September 30, 1870, to-wit:
Fees from Oct. 1,1869, to Jan'y 8,1870. . $2,693 75
" Jan'y 10,1870, to Oct, 1,1870. 6,701 85 9,395 60
Sale of stalls for the year 8,315 00
Making a total of $17,710 60
for which I have the receipts of the Treasurer.
Of the sum herewith reported, two thousand six hundred and
ninety-three dollars and seventy-five cents were collected by my
predecessor, Isaac Brunner, Esq., from Oct. 1, 1869, to January 8,
1870, including both dates.
The condition of the market-house under the management and
direction of the worthy market committee is as good as can be
expected of so ill-arranged and dilapidated a structure, and I
congratulate the authorities and citizens generally on the good
prospect for a new and modern market-house.
Respectfully submitted,
HENRY L. DAVIS,
Clerk Market.
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 71
REPORT OF THE JAILOR.
SAVANNAH, October 31, 1870.
To the Hon. John Screven, Mayor of the City of Savannah, Ga.:
SIRI have the honor to report the amount due the City of
Savannah by the County of Chatham, for dieting prisoners at the
Jail from the first day of October, 1869, to the first day of
October, 1870, to be four thousand two hundred and eighty-two
dollars and forty cents. The fees for dieting prisoners having
been reduced by the Ordinary one third less than those of the
year before last, it will be an expense to the city to feed them at
present rates.
The average of prisoners fed per day has been eighty-five.
Number of prisoners received from the 1st October, 1869, to the
1st October, 1870, is one thousand and ten.
The condition of the Jail having been so frequently and so fully
stated in previous reports from various sources, it is unneces
sary to allude to facts already well known, but'.it is? proper I
should^state that strict attention has been paid to the cleanliness
of the Jail, and that the reasonable comfort of the prisoners has
been carefully observed. As an evidence of these facts, it affords
me pleasure to remark .that but'one death .has occurred at the
Jail during the'past year, and this of a male lunatic who was in
a dying condition at the time of his commitment.
Of the total number of prisoners received during the year:
There were from^the United States Courts 3
" " County "
6
 " State " S
17
 " " " Mayor's " ^
Total i'
010
I am sir, yours very respectfully,
WARING RUSSELL,
Jailor.
72 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
HARBOR IMPROVEMENTS.
SAVANNAH, 1st October, 1870.
, Hon. John Screven, Mayor of Savannah:
DEAR SIRIn compliance with your request, I have the honor
to submit the following report of the operations of the City Dredge
and Tender in the Savannah river for the year ending 1st
October, 1870.
For the extent and character of the work accomplished I refer
you to the accompanying report of Capt. J. S. Kennard, Superin
tendent of Dredging, and for the cost of the same to the annexed
cash exhibit. (See Exhibit A.)
From the constant and rapid formation of bars, shoals, lumps,
and ridges in the bed of the river, the services of a Dredge will be
in perpetual requisition. Were it possible, however, to turn the
waters of Back river down the south branch, or front river, there
is no doubt but that the work of dredging the river from the city
to the "flats" would be very much reduced. This can in a great
measure be attained by carrying out the plan first adopted by the
Commissioners of Pilotage, namely: to dredge the channel of the
river to a minimum of 8 feet at low water, from the head of
Kings Island to a point below Marsh Island, when the same
depth of water would be reached. This would necessarily increase
the volume, and flow of water through the front river, and thereby
assist materially in widening and depening the channel, or, at all
events, preventing so rapid a formation of shoals after the Dredge
had done her work.
This work the Commissioners had commenced and made some
considerable progress, but in consequence of the financial con
dition of the City Treasury and the immediate urgent necessity
of widening and deepening the channel at the Wrecks and
Garden banks, operations in their direction were suspended.
To complete this work as originally proposed by the Commis
sioners would require an expenditure of about $10,000, a sum
that would in a short time be returned to the city in the reduced
amount of dredging required to keep the channel open.
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 73.
The dredge, tender, and flats are all in good condition and fully
equipped to prosecute the work, the former having been
thoroughly repaired and provided with a new bucket, and the
tender O. M. Petit and flats, painted and put in condition for
active service.
The superintendent, Captain Kennard, and the entire force of
employees have discharged their duties in a highly satisfactory
manner.
I can not conclude without urging the importance of seeking
aid for the improvement of our river from both the State aud the
General Government. If the efforts made heretofore have failed,
they may be renewed and continued until we obtain that which we
are in sheerest justice entitled to, and which the interests of a very
large section of country imperatively demand. The improvement
of the navigation of the Savannah river has much to do with the
City, but vastly more with the State and contiguous States.
And in this connection the suggestion may not be ill timed,
that it is in vain for the country to be burdened with State aid
railroad bonds, when nothing is done, not one dollar pledged to
insure safe and speedy connection with the markets of the world,
for anticipated increased productions. The City has so far done
nobly, and has realized most gratifying results, but it should not
be left to bear the entire burden when the benefits are common
to the country. I have the honor to be,
Yours very truly,
JOS. S. CLAGHORN,
Chairman P. T. Commissioners Pilotage.
10
74 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
REPORT OF SUPERINTENDENT OF RIVER
DREDGING.
CITY DREDGE BOAT,
SAVANNAH RIVER, September 27, 1870.
SIRSince the 1st of October last the dredging operations have
been as follows:
On the 2d of the above month I proceeded, in compliance with
instructions, to reopen the channel at " the wrecks." This
channel, never so wide as it should have been, had, by the gradual
flowing in of the land on either side, become so contracted that a
vessel could with difficulty be kept in it, while in some places the
shoaling had extended entirely across it. There not being time
before the advent of the busy season to as thoroughly reopen
and widen the channel as desired, it was decided for the present
to run one deep cut from end to end through the centre, at the
same time dredging at the shoalest places to the width of three
cuts. The work as thus projected was finished by the 29th of
November. The current at the wrecks does not flow directly into
the channel, which is one cause of its tendency to close up. In
this last dredging I gave to the long cut a diagonal course, thus
cutting off the N. W. and S. E. corners of the channel and caus
ing the current to enter it at a less angle. The result has been
very satisfactory. Nearly twelve months have elapsed, and if
there has been any shoaling, it has been very slight. Pilots do
not hesitate to enter it at mean or average high tide, with vessels
drawing seventeen feet, while at the same stage of water seven
teen and a half feet have time and again been taken through.
In fact, a vessel not long since came up drawing seventeen feet
nine inches. I would suggest that at the next convenient season,
say the summer of 1871, the dredge be again employed at this
channel, both to add to its width and to bring it still nearer to
the line of the current. I am confident when this is done but
little dredging will be required to keep it open in the future.
After removing an extensive shoal which had formed in the
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. W
channel of the river nearly opposite the lower rice mill, and
dredging a berth for vessels at O'Byrne's wharf, I proceeded on
the 8th of January to still farther widen the channel opposite
the lower portion of the city, by cutting off the edge of the
"Garden bank." This w
Tas but a resumption of the work which
had been commenced in April, 1868, and suspended in the follow
ing August. The dredge was employed on this bank until the
30th of March, the channel for the entire length of the bank, or
for a distance of some eight hundred yards, having from first to
last been widened 120 to 150 feet. The next duty prescribed for
the dredge was the removal of a shoal which made out from the
north shore of the river, and extended with varying width from
a few yards above Drayton street to the line of Jefferson; that is
to say, about four hundred yards. The broadest part of this
shoal was nearly opposite Whitaker street, where it appoached to
within a few feet of the middle of the river, and, having at low
tide but nine feet of water upon it, was of course quite an im
pediment to shipping. With the exception of eight days, during
which the work was suspended for the purpose of dredging at
DeRenne's wharf, we were employed at this shoal until the 11th
of June. The shoal was cut off' to within twenty-five yards of
the northern margin of the river, the water being deepened from
a minimum of eight feet at low water to a uniform depth of
twelve. I have said that in the meantime the dredge was eight
days at DeRenne's wharf. The water at this wharf, which is two
hundred feet long, was deepened to sixteen feet from a minimum
of nine (low tide). I have in previous reports dwelt upon the
harsh and rugged character of the river's bed along the city
wharf fronts. The dredging at DeRenne's wharf proved the
bottom to be no exception here, or rather proved it to be the
hardest and roughest yet encountered. In addition to piles,
sunken timbers, and a mass of every conceivable kind of rubbish,
there were anchors, scraps of iron, small cannon, etc. How a
ship's hull could rest on such a bed and not be injured is incon
ceivable.
June 13th raised and removed a sunken flat, which had for a
long time been an obstacle to navigation in the river, a short dis
tance above the site of Giles and Bradley's mill.
From the 14th to the 17th of June, employed dredging off a
shoal at the foot of Whitaker street and in deepening the water
at the neighboring wharf above.
76 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
From June 18th to July 16th engaged in reopening, widening,
and deepening the channel of the river opposite the lower rice
mill.
From some cause the channel here has a great tendency to
close up, this being the third time it has been opened. I am of
opinion that the cause is the bend of the south shore of the river
above, which bend gives to the current a slight deflection to the
northward. In this last reopening I have dredged both deeper
and wider than heretofore, which has had the desired effect of
drawing the current more to the southward, that is, more directly
into the dredged channel.
I now, in obedience to instructions, commenced the work of
cutting off the point of shoal making out from the wharf of
Kinsey's mill. Dredging was begun here on the 18th of July,
but was suddenly stopped three days thereafter by the giving
away of the bucket. The bucket had been in a bad condition for
some time, and in anticipation of its soon becoming useless a new
one had been ordered. Further dredging was therefore necessarily
postponed until the arrival of this new bucket. In the interval
certain very necessary repairs to both the dredge boat and
steamer Petit were effected, so that there was really no loss of
time. When the boats were again ready for service August 9th,
the work upon which I am novf engaged was undertaken, viz:
the deepening of the water at the wharves of the eastern presses
(Wetter's and Demund's). These wharves have, together and
including the slip to the eastward, a frontage of seven hundred
and thirty feet. For this entire length and for a breadth of sixty
feet the depth of water, which varied from two to thirteen feet
at low tide, is to be increased for much the greater portion of
the space to seventeen, and for the remainder to fifteen feet. I
shall at the present rate of progress finish the work by the
fifteenth of next month.
Respectfully,
J. S. KENNARD,
Superintendent River Dredging.
Col. J. S. CLAGHORN,
Chairman P. T. Commissioners ofPilotage.
MAYOR
S ANNCAL REPORT. 77
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78 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REtoR'f.
REPORT OF CHIEF ENGINEER
OFFICE CHIEF ENGINEER FIRE DEPARTMENT,
SAVANNAH, GA., October 1, 1870.
Hon. John Screven, Mayor City of Savannah:
DEAR SIRIn accordance with your circular I have the honor
to furnish the details of the Savannah Fire Department.
The department has in its employ four steam fire engines, one
hook and ladder truck, and four hose companies.
In addition thereto we have three hand engines, which are
auxilliary to the department, manned by colored men, who have
in many instances performed good service.
The total strength of the department numbers at this time 500
active men, who are at all times ready and anxious to perform
the duties devolving upon them as firemen.
Of the various fire apparatus controlled by this department the
city owns:
The 2d class steam engine John W. Anderson, with complete
set of engineer's tools.
The 2d class steam engine Washington, with complete set of
engineer's tools.
The 2d class steam engine John J. Waver, with complete set of
engineer's tools.
Also five two-wheel jumpers to carry hose, and three hand
engines with appurtenances, to each of which is also attached a
jumper.
All the hose now used in this department was purchased by the
city and consists of about 3000 feet combination hose, of which
1000 feet has been condemned as worthless, having been in ser
vice for more than six years, also 750 feet of leather hose, very
old and worn, now used by hand engine companies, being unfit for
steamers' use.
The supply of hose is very limited, and the recent organization
of hose companies will make it necessary to purchase an addi
tional quantity to fit them for active and effective service.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 79
The various fire companies have purchased with their own
means the other apparatus now in the service of the city, viz:
The MetropoHtan fire company their steam engine F. S.
Bartow, with all her attachments and furniture.
The Mechanic fire company their hook and ladder truck, with
5 ladders, 10 hooks, 4 axes, 2 picks, 1 crowbar, and lamps.
The Marshall hose company two hose carriages, with pipes,
nozzles, etc.
The Oglethorpe fire company a double deck hand engine, hose
cart, coal wagon, pipes, nozzles, lamps, etc.
The Screven hose company their hose carriage, with pipe and
nozzle.
The Washington fire company a hose carriage, with pipes,
nozzles, and torches.
The Cleburne hose company their hose carriage.
The appropriations granted by the honorable City Council will
enable the Metropolitan engine and the Russell and Cleburne
hose companies to furnish themselves with servicable apparatus.
The number of fires during the year were 11, and 8 alarms, at
all of which the apparatus promptly attended. It is a matter of
congratulation that there have been no disastrous conflagrations,
but as we can not hope to be thus favored at all times, I most
respectfully recommend that the quantity of hose be increased,
which, with other improvements in progress, will enable this
department to perform its duties effectively in any and all emerg
encies. The ordinary expenses of the entire department, includ
ing hand engines, have amounted during the present year to the
sum of eight thousand three hundred and thirty-three dollars
and thirty-five cents, and the extraordinary expenses for the same
time to six thousand and forty-three dollars and sixty-five cents,
making a total of fourteen thousand three hundred and seventyseven dollars, as will be seen by the following statement.
ORDINARY EXPENSES.
For monthly appropriations to Steam fire companies,
hook and ladder company, and two hose com
panies 5,510 00
For services rendered at fires by companies who
received no appropriations 80 00
For repairs of all fire apparatus, including hand
engines 1,658 16
80 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
For purchase of necessary tools, oil, rope, etc. . . . 206 19
For incidentals and extra services 878 00
$8,333 35
EXTRAORDINARY EXPENSES.
For payment of 1,000 feet hose, purchased
by former administrations 1,918 65
For 1,000 feet hose purchased this year. . 1,525 00
For appropriation to Metropolitan fire com
pany for purchase of hose carriage 600 00
For appropriation for annual celebration of
fire department 2,000 00 6,043 65
Total expenditure $14,377 00
The discrepancy between the amount in Treasurer's report and
the sum above stated is caused by some items being charged to
the Fire Department which should have been to pubhc buildings
and streets and lanes. With sentiments of the highest esteem,
I am, dear sir, your obedient servant,
JOS. A. ROBERTS,
Chief Engineer S. F. D.
NAMES OF MAYOR AND ALDERMEN
FOR
1869 ^N"!) 1870.
MAY'OR:
JOHN SCREVEN.
CHAIRMAN OF COUNCIL:
ALFRED HAYWOOD.
ALDERMEN:
1. ALFRED HAYWOOD. 7.
2. JOHN O. FERRILL. 8.
3. R. J. DAVANT, Jr. 9.-
4. JOHN SCHWAR?. 10.
5. MOSES J. SOLOMONS. 11.
6. ANDREW M. SLOAN. 12.
WM. H. TISON.
MICHAEL LAVIN.
GEORGE N. NICHOLS.
JAMES O'BYRNE.
WM. M. DAVIDSON.
AUGUSTUS P. WETTER.
i
CITY OFFICERS1869 AND 1870.
CLERK OF COUNCILJAMES STEWART.
CITY TREASURERJNO. R. JOHNSON.
ASSISTANT CITY TREASURERMAGNUS LOEWENTHAL.
CITY MARSHALGEORGE W. STILES.
CITY SURVEYORIOIIN B. HOGG.
CORPORATION ATTORNEYEDWARD J. HARDEN.
JUDGE OF CITY COURTWALTER S. CHISHOLM.
CITY" SHERIFFCHARLES J. WHITE.
CLERK OF CITY COURTPHILIP M. RUSSELL.
HEALTH OFFICERJos. C. HABERSHAM, M. D.
KEEPER CITY" DISPENSARYJNO. A. WRAGG, M. D.
HARBOR MASTERTHOMAS fl. LAIRD.
JAILORWARING RUSSELL.
CLERK OF THE MARKETHENRY L. DAVIS.
PUMP CONTRACTORALFRED KENT.
KEEPER OF LAUREL GROVE CEMETERY"A. F. TORLAY.
KEEPER OF CITY CLOCKSA. THEIME.
KEEPER OF POWDER-MAGAZINEEDWARD POWER.
KEEPER OF PEST-HOUSEJ. O'FLAHERTY.
CITY PRINTERJAS. R. SNEED.
CIJY SCAVENGER (Contractor)WILLIAM SWOLL.
MESSENGER OF COUNCILLUKE LOGAN.
KEEPER OF FORSYTH PLACEJAS. WALSH.
PORT WARDENSR. T. TURNER, WM. H. PATTERSON, W. W. WASH,
LAURENCE CONNEI.L, ALEXANDER ABRAMS. CLERK: T. J. BULLOCH.
CITY ASSESSORSROBERT D. WALKER, JOHN C. TAYLOR, AUGUSTUS
BARIE.
CHIMNEY CONTRACTORSEASTERN DIVISION : MICHAEL NAUGHTON.
WESTERN DIVISION : AUG. SOHEIDEMAN.
POLICEROBT. H. ANDERSON, Chief; WM. WRAY, Firs tLieutenant and
Chief of Detective Force; J. T. HOWARD, First Lieutenant; C. H. BELL,
Second Lieutenant; JAMES FOLEY, MARTIN HOULIHAN, JOHN GREEN, JAMES
LEONARD, WM. M. MOHAN, H. LINGO, Sergeants.
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