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R K I> O R T
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OF ;
JAMES P. SCREViX,
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MAYOR OF THE CITY OF SAVANNAH, I
FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30th, 1657.
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V
TO WHICH IS ADDED THE
TKEASUKER'S ANNUAL ItEl'OKT.
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SAVANNAH:
PKtXTFI) BY K. J. PURSE, NO. ti WHITAKER STREET. ;

HERORT
OF
JAMES P. SCREVEN,
MAYOR OF THE CITY OF SAVANNAH,
FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER SOth, 1857.
TO WHICH IS ADDED THE
TEEASUUER'S ANNUAL REPORT.
* SAVANNAH:. ,fr
PRINTED BY E. J. PURSE, NO. 6 WHITAKER STREET.
1857.

MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT,
MAYOR'S OFFICE, )
SAVANNAH, OCTOBER 15th, 1857. )
Fellow Citizens:
By an Act of the last Legislature the time for the an
nual Municipal Election was changed from the first Mon
day in December to the second Monday in October. The
first, being the present Municipal term under the new ar
rangement, therefore consists of ten months, and the fiscal
term of eleven months. As required by the Ordinances
of the City, I herewith submit a statement of cash received
and paid through the treasury from the 1st November, 1856
to the 1st October, 1857.
CITY RAILROAD STOCKS AND BONDS.
1. CENTRAL RAILROAD.To provide for the payment of
the outstanding Bonds issued for Central Railroad Stock,
and falling due on the first day of February, 1857, I was
authorized at the first regular meeting of the City Council
in the month of December of the past year to sell so much
of the stock held by the City in the Central Railroad and
Banking Company of Georgia as might be necessary for
that purpose. I shortly afterwards contracted for the sale
of 1(551 shares of the stock, at $106 per share, with interest
from the 1st December, 1856 to the 1st February, 1857.
The sum realized from this sale amounted to $176,969 10,
being $11,869 10 above the par value of the stock. All
of the Bonds issued for the Central Railroad have leen
presented andpaid at the Treasury. After liquidating the
entire indebtedness of the City on account of the Central
Railroad, she has left, and is now the owner of 200 shares
i MAYORS ANNUAL REPORT.
of the stock, ($20,000,) paying annual dividends of ten per
cent.
Although, as we will hereafter show, the City would
now be the owner of Seventy-Eight Thousand Dollars of
this valuable stock but for the financial embarrassments of
the treasury in the years 1855 and 1856, yet the citizens of
Savannah may well congratulate themselves upon the suc
cessful issue of their first great experiment of giving aid
to works of internal improvement.
2. SOUTH-WESTERN RAILROAD.-Of the stock of this
Company the City owns 2500 shares, of the par value of
$250,000. Her indebtedness, on account of this stock, is
equal to $250,000. The company pays annual dividends of
8 per cent., and the City having to pay but 7 per cent, in
terest upon the bonds issued for the stock, she is the gainer
annually of the sum of $2500, after paying the interest
upon her bonds. Of this class of bonds, $150,000 will fall
due in 1869, and $100,000 in 1876. The same wise fore
sight exercised in providing for the liquidation of the City
Bonds issued for the Central Road, by a gradual sale of the
stocks, will, it is hoped, be adopted as the policy of future
administrations of the City government, in regai*d to the
first class of Bonds issued for the South-Western Railroad,
and due in 1869, to the amount of $150,000.
3. AUGUSTA AND SAVANNAH RAILROAD COMPANY.In
the stock of this Company the City owns 2517 shares, of
the par value of $251,700. Her indebtedness on account
of this stock is only $200,000. This Company paid its first
dividend of two and one half per cent, this year, equal to
$6,292 50, leaving only $7,702 50 of the interest upon the
bonds to be provided for.
4. OPELIKA BRANCH OF THE MONTGOMERY AND WEST
POINT RAILROAD.We were led to expect a dividend upon
the stock of this Company held by the City, to the extent
of $105,800, but we have been disappointed. It is hoped,
however, that dividends upon this stock will in future, at
 1*
MAYOR 3 ANNUAL REPORT. O
least provide for the annual interest upon the Bonds issued '
for this Branch Road.
5. SAVANNAH, ALBANY AND GULF RAILROAD.In the
present unfinished state of this work, it is impossible to say
when the City will begin to derive a revenue from her in
vestment in the stock of this Company. Fifty-eight miles
of the road are now finished, and it is expected that seven
ty-two miles will bo completed on or before the first of
next year.
RIVER IMPROVEMENT.
During the administration of my immediate predecessor
the work of improving the navigation of the Savannah,
river, at a point known as the " Knoll," was commenced.
This work was undertaken, and is still carried on, at the
expense of the City. The total estimated cost is $25,000.
For information relative to the progress and cost of the
work during the present year, I submit the following com
munication from Capt. J. F. Gilmer, who has so ably and
successfully superintended the operations for the removal
of the obstruction:
IT. S. ENGINEER OFFICE,
Savannah, Georgia, Sept. 24,1857.
Dr. James P. Screven,
Hayor of Savannah, Ga.:
SIR:I have the honor to report that under the authori
ty granted, on my application, by the United States Engi
neer Department at Washington City, I resumed the direc
tion of operations for the removal of the obstructions in
the Savannah River, known as "The Knoll," early in the
month of June last, using for that purpose the United
States Dredging Machinery, tow boat and mud flats, with
their crews and working parties. The work was regularly
and successfully prosecuted until the strong east and north
east winds of September made it necessary to suspend ope
rations for the season; a necessity to be regretted, as the
work has not been carried on far enough to obtain the full
 #
6 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
width and depth of channel desired, viz.: three hundred
feet wide and twenty-one and a halffeet at mean high wa
ter. Still, the shoalest points of the obstruction have been
cut away to the depth contemplated, (twenty-one and a
half feet at mean high water,) but there is a part of the
ship channel above, and west of the Knoll proper, that
must be excavated to the same depth before all the advan
tages of the passage opened through the Knoll can be re
alized, and it was here the dredging machinery was em
ployed when the constant winds and heavy seas forced me
to suspend for the season.
With favorable tides, a draft of full eighteenfeet can be
now taken over all parts of this obstruction, and by a mo
derate expenditure of labor next summer, the entire pass
age can be opened to the requisite depth. This work can
not be prosecuted during the fall, winter and early spring
months, without risking the total loss of all the machinery
employed.
On the completion of the work on the Knoll, the outlet
of the Savannah river will be better than that of any har
bor south of Norfolk, and all timber vessels, and others of
great draft, will be able to complete their cargoes in the
smooth and safe waters of the river, and pass to sea with
out risk of detention. Over the sea bar the water is abun
dant, the depth being nineteen feet, six inches at mean low
wwier, or fall twenty-seven feet at mean high tide. And I
would remark, in this connection, that this feature gives
great advantages to the port of Savannah; as vessels arriv
ing off the bar at the time of low tide can enter at once,
without waiting in the offing, (exposed to the storms and
breakers,) for high water; and further, that as the depth
ovei\the bar is ample for all vessels, the desired improve
ments of Savannah harbor fall within the channel of the
river, where they are under the control of the Engineer,
it being simply a question of time and money.
The cost of prosecuting the work on the Knoll for the
MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT. 7
past season, embracing wages of all persons employed, the
wear and tear of machinery, the purchase of fuel, oil, pro
visions, and other current expenses, which by arrangement
were to be paid by the City of Savannah, amounts to
$6,322 38.
The amount of materials, consisting of shells, sand and
mud, excavated and removed from the Knoll, during the
summer, is 23,150 cubic yards.
I am, Sir, very respectfully, your obt. servant,
J. F. GILMER,
Capt. of Engineers.
The work for the removal of the obstructions in the Sa
vannah river caused by vessels sunk in its channel in the
war of the Revolution, undertaken and carried on at the
expense of the U. S. Government, was last year suspended
by the late Secretary of War, for the reason that in his
opinion the Act of Congress, making the appropriation for
this purpose, did not authorize the plan of operations
adopted by the Engineer Department, and pursued by
Capt. Gilmer, the Engineer in charge of the work. The
matter was referred to President Pierce for his decision.
No decision, however, could be obtained, although the pro
priety of an early and a favorable one was strongly urged,
until after the inauguration of President Buchanan. Steps
were taken to call the attention of the President to
this important matter, ajid the new Secretary of War hav
ing been ordered by him to investigate the subject, a deci
sion was made, favorable to the prosecution of the work
upon the plan proposed by the Engineer Department.
This important work, it is hoped, will shortly be resumed.
I cannot too strongly press upon the attention of the
next administration of the City government the importance
ofurging the claim of our City upon the General Govern
ment for a restoration of the money expended by the City
upon the improvement of the river.
8 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
HEALTH AND DRY CULTURE.
The City has enjoyed a degree of health not surpassed
by that of any previous year. Her comparative exemption
from fatal diseases is to be attributed to the remarkably
temperate character of the past summer, to the clean con
dition of the streets, lanes and lots, and to the attention be
stowed upon drainage. The tables of mortality, appended
to this report, show that the fatal cases of fever of all kinds,
nervous, typhoid, bilious, remittent and intermittent, and
congestive, are considerably less than in the two preced
ing years. In 1855, we had 47 deaths from causes above
enumerated, in the months ofJuly, August and September;
60 in 1856, and only 33 in the same months of the present
year. The long continued and heavy rain-falls in July
and August, followed by an equally long continuance of
drought, led to the expectation of a different result. The
prevalence of bilious fever was anticipated, but we have
had the good fortune only to encounter a catarrhal fever of
a mild type, which, although it prevailed as an epidemic,
has not been fatal.
The Dry Culture lands on Hutchinson's Island, immedi
ately North of the City, have been a fruitful source of anx
iety to the inhabitants of Savannah, for some years past.'
They have been gradually relapsing into a state of nature,
and it now becomes a matter of much importance, whether
they shall be so allowed to revert, or the owners of
the lands be compelled to keep them in the order required
by their contracts with the city. In 1854, the memorable
storm of the 8th September destroyed the embankment
on the Northern side of the Island. The proprietor, the
late Major Starke, failing to repair it, the city undertook
in 1855 the responsible task of accomplishing the work
at a considerable cost. The work done by the city
did not, however, long continue to withstand the as
sault of the combined action of the winds and tides,
and the embankment was again swept away. In
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 9
1856, the Chairman of the Dry Culture Committee, Dr.
R. D. Arnold, advised with me upon the propriety of re
pairing the embankment. The result of our counsels, in
which we both concurred, was the adoption of the policy
of giving free ingress and egress to the tides, and the re
building of the embankment was not undertaken, because
it would only have aided to confine the water on the land.
We have now had the experience of two seasons to test
the soundness of these views, and we cannot avoid the
conclusion that our city has sustained no damage, but
rather a benefit, from the course advised and adopted.
From long continued observation and experience in matters
relating to Dry Culture, I am forced to the conclusion,
which, however revolting to our pride, I am bound to
form, that a state of nature, with a full and free ebb and
flow of the tides upon the lands referred to, is moie con
ducive to the health of Savannah, than badly cultivated
fields with imperfect drainage. Both conditions are un
doubted evils, but the lesser of the two is a state of
nature. Savannah, when first settled, surrounded as she
was, by primeval forests, was healthy, so much so that, in
her early history, she was resorted to for health, and, if
further evidence were wanting of the fact, it may be found
in the letters of the Rev'd George Whitfield, who says in
one of them that " Georgia is very healthy. " With the
present scarcity and high price of slave labor, combined
with the unprofitableness of these lands, in dry culture,
we cannot expect them to be immediately restored to cul
tivation, and without cultivation, it is unreasonable to sup
pose that they can be kept in the dry culture order, re
quired by the contracts. Inspector's reports, and suits
for breach of contract have not prevented the gradual aban
donment of cultivation. These lands still keep relapsing
into a state of nature. Itis wise to let them so relapse as early
as possibl*. With a thick vegetable growth covering the
soil, and Ihe tides flowing freely in and out of the ditches,
2
10
less danger, we repeat, is to be apprehended than from
imperfect drainage and cultivation.
SPRINGFIELD PLANTATION.
The expenditure for improvements on this property lias
been large ; in consequence of the bad order of the canal
and ditches, much labor was required upon thetn. A large
portion of the amount expended has been applied to the
construction of a street across the swamp, in continuation
of one of the streets of the city, and extending to the old
Homestead. This improvement will bring into market a
number of lots which have recently been valued at a sum
exceeding $13,000. The Committee have, with a wise fore
sight, reserved to the city a sufficient border of land, now
covered with a dense forest, to protect her against the bad
air of the low lands.
FIRE DEPARTMENT.
For particular information relative to the condition of
the Fire Department, I refer to the report of the Chief
Fireman, hereto appended. Fires have been fewer in
number during the year, and consequently the expense of
the Department less than usual. For four consecutive
months the city was exempt from fires and fire alarms.
The expense of this Department, in 1856, was $7,418 93;
that of eleven months of the present year, $4,483 07.
SCAVENGER DEPARTMENT.
The Scavenger contract which had been made for
three years, expired on the 1st of January last. It has
been renewed with the same party for three years more,
for the sum of $25,315, or at the rate of $8,438 83 per
annum. The contractor deserves much credit for
the faithful manner m which he has performed his duties
during the present year, the streets and lanes having been
kept in an unusually clean condition.
MAYORS ANNUAL i: JI'O .T. 11
POLICE.
The present police force of the city consists of one
Captain, two Lieutenants, four Sergeants, eighteen mount
ed Privates and fifty-two Watchmen.
The expense of this Department, in the fiscal year 1856,
amounted to the sum of $43,344 77. Whether this heavy
expenditure, could be reduced without affecting the effici
ency of the police, became a subject of anxious inquiry, at
an early period of this administration. After sufficientobservation and experience of the working of the system, a
reduction of the sergeants from five to four, and of the
mounted privates from twTenty-four to eighteen was recom
mended. This reduction was made by ordinance, on the first
of July last, and the experience of three months has satisfac
torily demonstrated that the efficiency of the police has not
been thereby impaired. The saving to the city will amount
to the sum of five thousand dollars annually.
This Department has been managed with commendable
ecenomy.
Cost of maintaining the police in the fiscal
year, 18.^ was $43,344 77
Cost of same, for 11 months of the fiscal
year, 1857 - $36,835 51
Less fines 504 53$36,330 98
STREETS AND LANES.
The Plank road has been repaired, within the year, at a
cost of $4,029 84; a substitute for this useful, but
very expensive improvement has been commenced at the
Eastern end ofthe city, in the form of a macadamised road.
The poition of it which has been finished, promises to be
serviceable and durable. The advantage possessed by this
kind of road over pavement is that any kind of hard stone
may be used in its construction, and it will perhaps
be found more durable than pavement, in our sandy soil.
The Bustaining wall, along the bluff, extending West from
12 MAYOR S ANNUAL REPORT.
East Broad street, has been finished. The grading, paving
and sustaining walls of masonry, along the descent of East
Broad street to the river, are nearly completed. These im
provements have cost $17,876 46.
The cost of labor on the streets and lanes has this year
been $2,954 10. Last year it amounted to $4,710 90.
The costly and perishable plank street-crossings have
been dispensed with, and a more permanent and less costly
plan adopted.
The city is much indebted to the Chairman of the Street
and Lane Committee, for the economical and judicious
administration of this department.
MARKET.
Many years will not elapse before the city will require
either an extension of the present Market house, or the
construction of a new building. The addition of two new
sheds has contributed much to the convenience of the
Market. The expense of this improvement was immedi
ately re-imbursed by the proceeds derived from the lease
of the new stalls.
By an increased valuation of the old stalls, and the lease
of the new stalls, the receipts have exceeded those of the
year 1856 by the sum of $4,508 16.
JAIL.
The construction of a new Jail, and its removal from the
present site, have engaged the attention of the City Coun
cil, but no definite conclusions on the subject of removal
have yet been formed. The Inferior Court has not yet pro
vided the means necessary for the construction of a suitable
building. When the means shall be provided, the City
Council having granted another site, the question of re
moval can be determined. In the mean time, the City
Council has provided the present building with an ample
supply of hydrant water, which has removed one of the
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 13
greatest objections to the Jail, MMlh The removal
of the Jail from its present site is demanded by the in
terest of the city in adjacent property, as well, as by
justice to the citizens who purchased lots in the vicinity at
prices enhanced by the expectation of its removal.
The expenses of the Jail have exceeded the receipts
the former being $3,971 12, and the latter $3,620 26, be
ing an excess of expenditures over receipts of $350 86.
There is, however, a large amount due the Jail, which,
if collected, would make the balance in favor of the
receipts.
GUARD HOUSE.
A building for the use of the Police is much needed
by the city. Through the kindness of the U. S. Govern
ment, we have had the use of the Barracks. How long
we may be permitted to occupy this building, it is im
possible to say, the grant having been made only until
the city could provide another Guard house. She has now
occupied the Barracks since the year 1854, and each
administration, during that time, has been pressed by
the War Department, for information concerning the
progress of the city's Guard house. I recommend that
an application be made, this winter, to the General
Government, by the city, for the purchase or grant of
the Barracks. They are admirably adapted to police
purposes, and from their position, in the heart of our
city, are wholly unfit for the cantonment of soldiers.
It is not probable that they will ever again be used
by the Government, Fort Pulaski furnishing ample ac
commodations and exemption from temptations to
the indulgence of bad habits. Failing in this application,
immediate steps ought to be taken for the construction
of a Guard house on the site East of the old Cemetery.
14 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
EDUCATION.
The entire amount derived from the charitable be
quest of Peter Massie, being originally $5,000, but ac
cumulated, by judicious management of the City Coun
cil, to the sum of above $14,000, was paid over to the
School Commissioners of Chatham County, in the year
1856, for the construction and endowment of a school,
to be entitled the " Massie School. " For information
concerning the progress and condition of this school, I
beg leave to refer to the report of one of the School
Commissioners, John Stoddard, Esq. I take pleasure in
complying with the request of the report, to recommend
an annual appropriation by the city to this Institution.
In cities of extended commerce, like Savannah, there
must ever be a large number of citizens who cannot
afford to educate their children out of the small earn
ings of their labor. To keep these children from the
evils incident to idleness, and to make them useful
members ofsociety in mature life, should be the object of the
rulers of the city, and no means are so well calculated
to effect these objects as well regulated public schools.
WATER WORKS.
The cost of these works is as follows:
Purchase of site $ 22,000 00
Construction under the contract of Worthington & Morse 186,140 07
Extension of pipes this year 11,990 34
$220,130 41
The annual interest, payable by the city, on this amount
is $15,409 12.
The revenue derived from the works has hitherto paid
but a saiall amount of this interest. The fiscal year of
this institution does not expire until the 1st of Novemb'er; we have, therefore, nb means df ascertaining what
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 15
will be the amount of receipts, over expenditures for
the present year.
Up to the 1st October the receipts were - - $9,614 99
Running Expenses - - - 7,082 83
Applicable to interest on city bonds - - - - $2,532 16
By the extension made this year, all parts of the city
now receive the benefit of this improvement.
FINANCIAL.
In the year 1839, Savannah, with a population of about
seven thousand, threatened with a decadence of her com
merce and other sources of wealth, boldly but wisely cm
barked in a scheme of internal improvement, calcu atcd,
as it was supposed, to arrest her declining tendency and
promote her prosperity. With these objects in view, she
subscribed Five hundred thousand dollars to the stock of
the Central Rail Road & Banking Company of Georgia,
and issued her bonds for that amount, payable in the year
1857. To provide for the payment of the interest upon
these bonds, the tax upon real estate was increased to one
per cent. As soon as the Central Rail Road was completed
to Macon, our city began to improve in commerce, in po
pulation and in all other elements of wealth. In conse
quence of the increased value of real estate the city gov
ernment was not only enabled to pay the annual interest,
but to liquidate the principal of the bonds issued for Cent
ral Rail Road stock, to the amount of sixty-four thousand
dollars. It having been considered unwise to levy a one
per cent, tax, when it was more than sufficient to pay the
ordinary expenses and the interest of the bonded debt of
the city, the tax on real estate was reduced in the year
1849, to three-fourths of one per cent. Emboldened by
the successful result of her first great effort to improve her
fortunes, by the construction of the Central Rail Road,
subsequently to the reduction of the taxes Savannah gen-
16 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
erously extended aid to other works of internal improve
ment. To the Monroe Rail Road she gave $50,000, which
was all lost to her by the failure of the Company. To the
South-Western Road she subscribed $250,000^ to the Sa
vannah & Augusta $200,000, to the Opelika Branch of the
Montgomery & West Point, in the State of Alabama, $100-
000, and to crown her gigantic efforts for her advancement,
to the Sav. Albany, & Gulf R. $1,000,000. Whilst she was
thus liberally aiding enterprises, external to her limits, her
material progress demanded improvements within her bor
ders. These improvements consisted of sewers, plankroads,
pavements, water works, retaining walls for the Bluff, and
the graduation of streets. In consequence of the heavy ex
penditures incurred by these improvements, the tax of
three-fourths of one per cent, has been wholly inadequate
for years past to supply the necessities of the city. Her
finances have, therefore, been embarrassed, ever since the
reduction of the tax from one to three-fourths of one per
cent., every administration leaving to its successor a con
siderable amount of indebtedness.
The municipal year of 1856 closed with an indebtedness,
to the Central Rail Road Bank of nineteen thousand dollars
although a large amount ofthe proceeds of the sale of Cent
ral Rail Road Stock, owned by the city, had been applied
to the payment of current expenses. But for the necessities
of the City Treasury, in the years 1855 and 1856, the city
would now be the owner of stock, in the Central Rail Road
Company, to the amount of seventy-eight thousand dollars,
as we will proceed to show.
At the close of the fiscal year, on the 31st October, 1854,.
Mayor Ward reported that the city owned $285,000 of
Central Rail Road Stock, whilst her indebtedness for the
stock was only $221,000. She was therefore the owner of
stock over the debt $64,000. In December, 1854, the Cent
ral Rail Road Company declared a stock dividend of ten
per cent. The city's portion of this dividend was $28,500.
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 17
In January following the whole of this stock dividend was
sold at from -$90 to $93 per share. The following statement
shows that $58,250 of the proceeds of the sale of Central
Rail Road Stock have been absorbed in the expenditures
of the years 1855 and 1856.
Stock over the debt on 31st October, 1854 - - $64,000
Stock dividend, December, 1854 28,500
$92,500
Deduct money dividend, which should have
been received in December, 1854 - - - - 14,250
Would have left a permanent 10 per cent.
investment of - - - - - $78,250
All of which was sold except------- 20,000
Sold, and proceeds applied to the current
expenses of the city, in the municipal "^Sfl
years 1855 and 1856 $58^60-
Upon a careful examination of the finances it be
came manifest to the present administration of the city
government, that, in order to sustain the credit of the city,
a new scheme of taxation must be devised, to increase the
revenue. The City Council, in this emergency, invited ci- '
tizens, representing the various interests of the city, to de
liberate and advise with the finance committee on this
subject. The present tax-ordinance was the result of these
joint counsels. It has furnished ample revenue and has re
stored the finances to a sound condition.
The City Council are now engaged in elaborating
an ordinance on the ad valorem principle, reported
by .Alderman Basinger, which, it is hoped, may be
more satisfactory than the one now in force. Having
paid much attention to the subject oftaxation, and impress
ed with the importance of devising a scheme which shall
bear equally upon all interests, the City Council have
thought proper to submit the result oftheir labor,and should
they pass this ordinance, at their next and last meeting,
q
18 MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT.
it will be done with no other than the best intentions, and
with no disrespect to their successors. In as much as the
ordinance will not go into effect until the 1st of January,
the next Council will have ample time to amend or
repeal it.
The extraordinary expenses of the City have been large.
The sum of $9,651 18 was expended in receiving the dis
tinguished guests of the City from Memphis on the occa
sion of the celebration of the union of the waters of the
Atlantic and the Mississippi by the completion of the great
line of railroad connecting our city with Memphis. The
extension of the mains of the water works cost the sum of
$11,990 34. The work on the Knoll has been done at the
expense of $5,300. The stone wall and paving in East
Broad Street, and the retaining wall along the Bluff, have
cost the sum of $17,876 46. The reception of the Com
mercial Convention caused an expenditure of $1,901 35.
In addition to these expenditures, the late administration
left a debt of $19,000, which has been paid. These ex
penses amount in the aggregate to the sum of $65,719 33.
Notwithstanding this large outlay of money, the present
fiscal year is closed with a balance of $23,864 67 in the
treasury, and with no indebtedness to the Banks.
The policy of this administration has been to embark in
no new undertaking, but simply to carry to completion
works of improvement already commenced. The object
kept constantly in view has been the economical applica
tion of the public money. The laws have been adminis
tered under the guidance of justice and moderation, and
upon the principle that the people are better governed by
certainty than by excess of punishment for their vio
lation. The sanitary regulations of the City have been
duly enforced.
The finances of the City are in good condition. Peace,
law and order have been preserved in our midst, and our
City haa been blessed with health. For the achievement
MAYOR'S ANNUAL REPORT. 19
of these results we are indebted to the hearty co-operation
of the City Council, of the Officers of the City Govern
ment, and of the Board of Health.
For the blessings we have enjoyed, we should render
thanks to the Great Ruler of, the Universe, and upon the
return of all of our citizens to their firesides, I recommend
that a day be set apart for the manifestation of our grati
tude.
Very respectfully,
JAMES P. SCREVEN, Mayor.
20 MAYORS ANNUAL REPORT.
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MAYOK'S ANNUAL EEPOET. 25
INCIDENTAL EXPENSES, 1857.
Paid for Southern Commercial Convention Expenses, Ball,
Postage, &c.,
Entertainment of Mayor and Aldermen of Memphis,
Refreshments, Aldermen's Election, 1856,
For keeping Check List Voters, 1856,
For Surveyor's Assistant, labor,
For Marshals, serving Notices,
For Postage,
For Safe, and setting in Treasurer's Office,
For Ice for Officers and Council,
For Furniture, &c., for Exchange,
12,242 30
$1,901 35
9,651 18
15 00
10 00
32 50
73 75
4 99
405 00
4 00
26 MAYOE'S ANNUAL EEPOET.
STATEMENT
Of the Resources of the City of Savannah, Sept. 30,1857.
STOCKS AT PAR VALUE.
200 shares Central Railmad & Banking Oompany, $ 20,000 00
10,000 shares Savannah, A. & G. R. R.90 per cent paid in, 900,000 00
2,517 shares Augusta & Savannah Railroad Company, 251,700 00
2,500 shares South We -tern Railroad Company, 250,000 00
1,058 shares Montgomery & West Point Railroad, 105.800 00
50 shares Ogeechee Plank Road Stock, 5,000 00
13 shares Bank of the State of Georgia, 1,300 00
$1,533,800 00
CITY DOMAIN.
644 Lots in 22 Wards, under lease, valued at $489,902 20
37 Lots in Springfield Plantation, 20,813 00
$510,715 20
Lots laid off and valued, not under lease, 70,200 00
Lots laid off and valued, Springfield Plant'n, 20,635 00
APPKOXIMATE VALUE OF LAND NOT LAID
OFF NOR VALUED.
20 Lots south of Hospital, 18,000 00
20 Lots east of Hospital, 20,000 00
9 Acres of land of the Old Cantonment,
reserved for City lots, 20,000 00
Remainder of the Springfield Plantation, 60,000 00
Site purchased for Water Works, 22,000 00 741,550 20
"Water Works, valued at 200,000 00
Total value of Stock and Domain, as above, $2,475,350 20
This Statement does not include the public buildings, five lots in posses
sion of the Academy and Union Society, under lease, which expires on the
6th of June, 1862 ; Wharf lot at the foot of West Broad Street, 46}
feet, vacant; slip on the canal, one-half of Fig Island, and a small en
croachment by lot No. 3, Decker Ward; also, 22 horses and other property
purchased for the Police, and two carts and two mules for use on the
Streets and Lanes.
GROUND RENTS PAYABLE TO THE CITY OF SAVANNAH.
Lots in the Wards of the City, $28,002 69
Springfield Plantation, 1,367 82
$29,370 ).
MAYOE S ANNUAL KErOET. 27
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28 MAYOK S ANNUAL EEPOET.
TAXABLE VALUE
Of Fee Simple Lots and Improvments for 1857, on City and Fee Simple
Lots, assessed for 1857, / $9,261,465 00
COMPARISON OF THE TAX DIGESTS.
ASSESSMENTS ON VALUE OF LANDS AND IMPROVEMENTS.
1836. Taxable Value, $2,357,250
1853. " " 5,483,159
1854. " " 8,133,270
1855. " " 8,746,621
1856. " " 8,999,015
1857. " " 9,261,465
COMMERCE OF SAVANNAH.
Statement of Exports from the Port of Savannah, from
1st September, 1856, to 1st September, 1857, inclusive.
COTTON. Foreign. Coastwise. Total. Weight, lbs.
Upland, 152,228 158,791 311,019 139,958,550
Sea Island, 6.611 10,028 16,639
Total,
RICE :
Casks,
WHEAT :
158,839
Foreign.
6,787
168,819
Coastwise.
20,749
327,658
Total.
27,536
5,407,575
145,366,125
Weight, lbs.
17,898,400
Bushels, 354,333
LUMBER: Foreign. Coastwise.
Feet, 36,752,502 7,990.568
Boxes,
Total.
44,743,070
11,715
The value of these exports, and of other articles not enumerated, is esti
mated at $22,500,000.
MATOE'S ANNUAL EEPOET. 29
Report of Chief Fireman.
SAVANNAH, August 13,1857.
James P. Screven, Esq.,
Mayor of the City of Savannah.
DEAR SIR : In accordance with your request, I beg leave to make the
following statement of the Fire Companies, attached to the Savannah Fire
Department, and of the apparatus in their charge:
OGLETHORPE FIRE COMPANY, NO. 1.Engine house in Liberty Square ;
James T. Buckner and Samuel L. Speisseger, Chief Officers, manned by
citizens, and consists of thirty-five members. This company owns its engine,
and hose-carr age, and has also in its charge, temporarily, a four-wheel hose
carriage, belonging to the city. This company has four hundred feet of
hose in good order, and four hundred feet of old and inferior hose.
WASHINGTON FIRE COMPANY, No. 9.Engine house in Washington
Square. Henry F. Willink, jr., and Francis McAleer, Chief Officers ; man
ned by citizens, and consists of fifty-two active members. This company
has in its charge an engine and hose-carriage, and seven hundred feet of
hose.
GERMANIA, NO. 10.Engine house in St. Julien street, near Franklin
Square. George Ott and Valentine Easier, Chief Officers. This company
has in its possession a four-wheeled hose-carriage, manned by forty eight
members. It also has in its charge six hundred feet of hose. The engine
house of this company is owned by themselves.
AXE, HOOK AND LADDER COMPANY.Engine house in Fireman's Hall.
John C. Taylor and J. R. Hamlet, Managers.
These Managers have in their charge a Truck for Ladders, to which are
attached two folding ladders, two plain ladders and two hooks. This truck
is manned by fifty free persons of color, a part of whom act as Axemen at
fires, when their services are required, and have in their charge twenty-six
axes and belts.
ENGINE No. 1.Engine house in Reynolds Square. Orson Barber and
H. D. Headman, Managers. This engine, with hose-can iage attached, is
manned by eighty slaves, and haa four hundred feet of hose in good order.
ENGINE No. 2.Engine house in Pulaski Square. William B. Mell and
Robert G. Ferguson, Managers. This engine, with hose carriage attached,
30 MATOE'S ANNUAL EEPOET.
is manned by seventy-nine slaves, and has one hundred and fifty feet of hose
in good order, and three hundred feet old and i '^rior hose.
ENGINE No. 3.Engine house in Franklin Square. John W. Wilson
and John Gilliland, Managers. This engine with hose carriage attached, is
manned by sixty slaves, and has four hundred feet of hose, in good order.
ENGINE NO. 4.Engine house in Wright Square. Solomon Zeigler and
Henry H. Linville, Managers. This engine, with hose carriage attached, is
manned by sixty-five free men of color, and has four hundred and fifty feet
of hose in good order.
ENGINE NO. 7.Engine house corner of Farm and Indian streets. Wil
liam S. McFarland, Manager. This engine, with hose carriiige attached, is
manned by seventy-three slaves, and has three hundred feet of hose in good
order.
ENGINE No. 8.Engine house at Fireman's Hall. N. Lovell and N. B.
Brown, Managers. This engine, with hose carriage attached, is manned by
seventy-eight slaves, and has six hundred feet of hos, in good order.
ENGINE NO. 11.Engine house in Johnson Square. William Wright ,
and Alexander H. Waver, M magcrs. This engine, with hose carriage at
tached, is manned by ninety-six slaves, and has aix huudi ed and fifty feet
of hose, in good order.
HOSE CARRIAGE NO. 1.House in Columbiu Square. George W. Cally,
Manager. This carriage is manned by twvuty-one slaves, and has four
hundred feet of hose, in good order.
HOSE CARRIAGE No. 2.House at Fircmn's Hall. John Nicholson,
Manager, is manned by twenty-five free nrm of color, am', has three hund
red feet of hose, in good order.
In addition to the above apparatus, there are twenty-eight Ladders,
twenty-three Hooks, and three Hook-ropes distributed at the various en
gine houses and Market.
In regard to the Engines, Truck and Hose Garrioges, manned by free
persons of color, I would remark that the services, rendered by them at
fires, are gratuitous, with the exceptiou of a personal exemption from tax
ation, by the city.
Slaves attached to engines, receive twelve and a half cents an hour, for
services at fires, fifty hands being allowed, by the rule of ihe Department,
to each engine, and no payment is allowed for the services of a greater
number.
Thus, you will observe, by looking over the return of slaves attached to
engines, that at least one-fourth of those enrolled are volunteers, and render
MATOE'S ANNUAL EEPOET. 81
useful service to the city, without reward. Below you Will find a list of the
Officers and Members of the Sivannah Fire Department:
MONTGOMERY GUMMING, Chief Fireman.
FRANCIS BLASR, Second "
JACOB F. DOB, Third "
D. H. Stewart, Solomon Zeigler,
J. C. Taylor, W. S. McFarland,
W. B. Mell, Henry H. LinviDe,
R. D. Walker, John Gilliland,
Geo. Cally, H. D. Headman,
J. W. Wilson, Alexander H. Waver,
R. G. Ferguson; N. D. Brown,
Orson Barber, John R. Hamlet,
N. Lovell, William Wright,
John Nicolson.
EX-OFFICIO MEMBERS.
James T. Buckner, Samuel L. Speisseger,
Henry F. Willink, junior, Francis McAleer,
George Ott. Valentine Easier.
N. B. Engine formerly known as No. 11, is laid up at the! Fireihan'd
Hall, and intended to be kept as a reserve engine, to supply the place of
any engine which may be disabled.
Very respectfully,
MONTGOMERY GUMMING,
Chief Fireman.
32 MAYOE 8 ANNUAL EEPOET.
Report on Massie School,
BRATTLEBORO, VT. Sept. 15th, 1857.
To His Honor, James P. Screven,
Mayor (f S'wannah.
SIR : As the School Commissioners proposed to make their first annual
report at the close of the year, I am unable, at this distance from my books
to give you a correct financial report of the Massie School. This shall be
done, in detail, with vouchers, early in November.
Owing to the non-arrival of the-seats and desks, the School was opened
under very unfavorable auspices, on the 15th October last, with 150 pupils.
The numbers have been gradually increasing, until, at the close of the year,
on the last of July, the total number of pupils was 240; and of this number
49 were paying scholars. We have an able corps of teachers, consisting of
a Principal, at per annum $1200 00
two female Assistants, at $600 120000
three do do 400 120000
Total . $3600 00
For the incoming year the salary of the Principal, and possibly that of
some of the Assistants, will have to be increased to about . . $4000 00
It is confidently hoped that the receipts from paying pupils
will not be less than, per annum 1600 00
Leaving a balance of $2400 00
to be furnished out of the City Treasury.
But as the incidental expenses for books, fuel and servant hire will con
siderably increase this amount, the Commissioners would request you to re
commend an annual appropriation of $2500, for the Massie School.
The "Massie Fund" is well nigh, if not quite, exhausted, in building,
furnishing and sustaining the School for a year, with but little income frompaying scholars, and large incidental expenses. A bell has been placed up
on the School house, free of expense to the city.
Our city may well be proud of this School, which has fully realized theexpectations of its sanguine friends. And when it is remembered that to'
this day it has not cost the Corporation a dollar, our citizens will willingly
consent to a slight tax for so great a boon.
It is absolutely essential to the life of the School that the Commissioners
have the requisite means to pay the teachers punctually for their services.
MATOE'S ANNUAL EEPOET. 33
The Commissioners are of the opinion that there is no School in the
country, of so recent origin, which is in a belter condition, or which pro
mises larger usefulness. From facts, which have come to their knowledge,
they are constrained to say that the educational wants of the city call for a
school in the North-Eastern section of the city, and another in Yamacraw,
J. STODDARD,
Sec'y School Com'rs.
(From Memory :)
Cost of Building $9000
" " Pavement 300
" " Desks and other Furniture 1300
" " Library and Apparatus 150
" " Trees, say 100
Teachers 3400
Total $14,250
0
}**&
34 MATOE'S ANNUAL EEPOET.
Report on Mortality,
TABLE OF MORTALITY,
In the City of Savannah, and the Hamlets thereof for the last two years
and nine months: 1855 1856 to 1st Oct., 1857.
Whites, 430 463 283
Colored Persons, 318 296 197
Total 748 759 480
TABLE OF MORTALITY, in the City of Savannah and'the Hamlets thereof,
for the first nine months of the years 1855. 1856. 1857.
Whites, 313 322 283
Colored Persons, 234 216 197
Total, 547 538 480
TABLE OF MORTALITY, in the City of Savannah, and the Hamlets thereof,
for the months of July, August and September, of the years
1855. 1856. 1857.
"Whites, 112 148 140
Colored Persons, 54 73 73
Total, 166 221 213
TABLE OF MORTALITY, in the City of Savannah and the Hamlets thereof,
for the months of January, February and March, of the years
1855. 1856. 1857.
"Whites, 99 83 72
Colored .Persons,, 96 . 68 54
Total, 195 151 126
TABLE OF MORTALITY, in the City of Savannah and the Hamlets therttf,
in the months of April, May and June, of the years
1855. 1856. 1857.
Whites, 102 91 . 71
Colored Persons,: ^ 84 75 70
Total, 186 166 ^ 141
RECAPITULATION.
DEATHS! IN THE CITY OF SAVANNAH, AND THE HAMLETS THEREOF.
1855. 1856. 1857.
For the first three months : 195 151 126
For the second three months : 186 166 141
Totals, 547 538 480
CfottY

Compilation of the Receipts and Expenditures of (
RECEIPTS.
YEIBS BADGES. Gaouso
RENTS.
Tins. JUL.
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
18401
1841
1842
1843!
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1324
1241
950
1061
,726
839
932
1026
877
981
1540
1381
1650
1352
1479
1424
3325
2358
2292
2288
3197
2808
2281
3141
2949
3352
3154
3655
3674
4728
5165
6057
5782
6313
5649
5796
5955
9235
902 06
241 12
117 00
718 75
518 24
1133 18
748 93
1023 49
988 87
750 50
773 55
1212 70
561 75
295 00
368 25
658 60
647 60
552 11
923 50
664 57
593 00
480 00
252 75
265 25
319 50
606 49
474 74
559 02
688 30
520 18
241 12
215 01
286 72
989 53
1550 23
2660 63
1321 36
6083
5615
3395
4495
2825
3968
2643
3237
8877
2950
4073
4121
2275
2578
2634
4307
3597
4690
>537
5192
5048
5009
4642
4598
4061
5187
5562
4303
5107
4797
5471
5467
5496
7010
8382
15376
19596
17001
33
00
00
00
00
51
08
45
27
29
59
60
56
15
50
00
30
18
24
84
42
10
20
89
73
10
80
92
32
38
36
11
95
03
53
65
01
41
9097
8175
10096
8527
9609
17310
10051
9695
8392
8234
8680
10855
9635
10515
10061
10028
10165
10720
10900
10815
11054
10094
11564
12382
11165
11303
11522
11781
14662
14115
16298
18684
18189
19616
32960
22121
27975
16591
25964
16118
26061
13270
21909
16069
15901
16537
15298
16188
16636
16630
16980
15729
19008
18195
19383
18445
18787
24324
34168
35352
49059
68246
70013
65590
69741
60542
69993
54373
49294
63556
70798
96638
100346
107860
138:145
15 2517 59 9043 20
87 1571 08 4476 34
36 2260 00 8198 48
04 1984 00 3874 77
65 1624 82 781 94
53 2494 22 2 19
70 2384 42
45 2268 49
09 2673 13
14 2377 53
10 2103 80
92 3423 15
14 2559 21
61 2806 49
15 2628 10
04 2942 00 800 34
88 3116 27 6309 20
61 2882 10 6118 29
06 2613 04 4643 54
03 2835 73 5380 20
91 3030 06 5015 36
33 3058 37 6650 78
72 2926 68 6312 04
02 3229 86 4714 31
70 3713 74 6221 18
96 3370 96 4324 16
74 3430 73 5104 34
25 3753 11 3344 27
97 3777 78 3456 93
57 4062 28 4388 84
98 4411 83 4602 23
72 4707 25 4890 31
04 4407 74 4102 76
68 5146 90 3352 72
48 5336 64 2546 54
85 5087 89 3644 65}
20 4815 05 3383 78
1444
4592
165
251
310
531
1081
1379
1130
882
510
1456
823
1017
952
925
1206
965
1012
3246
1250
1552
1301
1285
913
997
1384
1222
1080
1097
2325
1462
1362
2122
2435
2878
2122
3816
7186
4821
4889
3787
78
18
07
08
13
08
50
63
46
62
07
99
78
30
66
94
75 503
15 4887
43:3731
173263
75J4276
68(3822
73 3977
60 3872
45 2557
54 3287
52 2281
85 2934
9212974
5612422
84l3453
5013224
9l!3541
05:3818
S8!3580
09!3228
67J4722
54:4986
87 3971
City Treasury, from 1820 to 1857, inclusive,
EXPENDITURES.
L FIRE. Listre. PUMPS. St'i. I anes. Scavenger's WATCD and SALARIES. Incidentals.
1 Ois. 1* Squares. 1 Department | POLICE.
38 8264 44 [ 1232 2513274 00 5117 34F 6197 00 12389 66 2963 00 7630 90
71 1080 43 1099 85 2281 96 4480 53 2250 00 11829 54 950 00 8226 97
27 1509 56 5115 29 6550 09 7910 84 13070 01 5000 68 3392 08
21 1142 93 2308 82 1763 50 1277 07 4000 00 12994 69 7149 25 3225 85
2336 77 4305 32 632 00 725 41 2307 63 8167 35 1950 00 3949 08
15 2338 83 4369 61 1841 12 6071 03 10712 52 2819 98 3993 65
6552 56 2396 00 2926 29 1537 52 1725 00! 8124 33 2569 01 1168 00
1786 18 676 57 1408 50 535 40 2000 00 7960 83 3299 50 1018 40
1147 91 825 28 685 00 213 75 2442 45 7062 75 3404 50! 1216 98
1668 90 1369 84 1300 67 929 47 1721 19 6710 97 2157 66 1118 83
1723 15 409 72 1445 00 994 81 1510 57 7391 05 3575 00 891 68
942 62 751 25 1551 19 4037 55 7874 87 3475 00 2032 63
1057 27 1058 37 1659 12 1047 84 2424 26 7913 41 3077 00 1195 69
1362 42 1034 12 1143 35 1553 07 1817 81 8150 43 3300 00 1973 68
1560 32 927 45 1410 33 1345 26 2445 69 8566 25 3173 21 1392 57
,3 3114 53 990 55 1208 00 952 54 2328 26 8650 67 ^898 18 3298 05
13 3336 32 1035 441068 61 2094 95 2356 81 8849 44 3133 33 1659 21
7 1773 83 1524 18 1450 00 1236 68! 2050 26 962 L 62 3231 10 853 30
S7 1684 73 1200 00 1305 00 1838 01 3480 17 12412 62 2800 00 8987 37
46 3615 32 1434 00 1752 00 1248 75 5585 05 12993 05 3918 06 3998 24
-(.3 4406 36 1315 00 3650 70 2325 55 3872 67 14304 39 3670 82 5441 54
 963 08 1381 50 1968 13 3735 47 4902 45 15112 73 4440 25 6996 87
5 1672 17 1426 75 1716 75 3497 32 5063 10 15799 28 4471 35 3675 75
38 2056 53 1101 11 1066 89 3931 71 3919 27 15144 99 5447 11 3128 44
8 1586 86 1008 7511957 14 7134 99 3933 26 14572 73 5211 80 2653 44
e 3252 56 1029 52 1042 69 2889 82 6660 41 15942 49 4633 05 3703 82
15 4461 59 1160 32 762 49 1798 18 4051 13 17326 59 5764 42 5265 26
J) 3261 14 1212 20 1092 60 2508 Oo: 4042 32 18257 02 6304 45 2970 47
Si 3553 09 1541 291 703 90! 2820 33! 2658 98 18356 57 6079 94 5113 86
5) 5288 52 1189 28 1558 OSllUfO 89! 5627 34 21281 27 6230 40 4538 20
a 5794 48 5603 5411590 18 6426 52) 5014 50 24318 09 6449 21 6513 67
a 5968 31 12788 012190 25! 2780 74! 7359 19 23665 ]b|t;407 28 10675 46
ti 10885 34112934 77i3673 61111936 47! 7718 59 27079 43 7904 88 20812 13
a 6695 09 13822 62(3221 13 49r
>
2 4910594 15 30019 17 8156 57 203 10 00
< 119.-m 21 16280 44j2158 ll' 8418 34 10621 49 37610 08 8083 39 17757 37
11 13690 57 15985 4711535 94 66
-
55 12i 8249 91 42111 98 7722 3'i 19178 71
Ii 7418 93 19283 3111303 00 1
l093 77 8016 97 13314 77 7524 94 1813) 49





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