GEORGIA 
Comprising Sketches of Counties, Towns, Events, Institutions, and Persons, Arranged in Cyclopedic Form 
IN THREE VOLUMES 
EDITED BY 
EX-GOVERNOR ALLEN D. CANDLER 
AND 
GENERAL CLEMENT A. EVANS 
VOLUME II 
State Historical Association I ATLANTA 
:; 1906 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1906 BY 
STATE HISTORICAL ASSOCIATION 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Faceville, a town in the southern part of Decatur county, is on that branch of the Atlantic Coast Line railway that runs from Climax to River Junction, Fla. The population in 1900 was 250. 
 
It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, a good local trade and does some shipping. 
 
Fad, a post-hamlet in the northeastern corner of Colquitt county, is on the Fitzgerald & Thomasville branch of the Atlantic & Bir mingham railroad, about half-way between Tifton and Moultrie. 
Fain, a post-hamlet of Union county, with a population of 37 in 1900, is on the headwaters of the Notely river, about nine miles from Blairsville. The nearest railroad station is Murphy, N. C. 
Fairburn, the county seat of Campbell county, located on the Atlanta & West Point railway, was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1853. It is on the dividing ridge between the Chattahoochee and Flint rivers, so that the rains falling on the east side of the town run into the Flint and those on the west side into the Chattahoochee. Fairburn has a money order post office with rural free delivery, express and telegraph offices, a court house, some good mercantile establishments, two banks and a 
large saddle and harness factory which employs sixty hands, and turns out an annual product valued at more than $150,000, which is sold by traveling salesmen in the states of Virginia, Kentucky, North and South Carolina, Georgia, Florida and Alabama. The Fairburn Oil and Fertilizer Company also does a large business. The schools and churches are in good condition. The population of the Fairburn district is 2,461 of whom 761 live in the town. 
Fairchild, a post-hamlet in the western part of Decatur county, is located on the Chattahoochee river. 
 
Faircloth, a little village of Decatur county, is located about ten miles southwest of Camilla, which is the nearest railroad sta- 
 
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17 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
tion. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, and is a trading center for that part of the county. 
Fairfax, a post-village of Ware county, is on the Albany & Waycross division of the Atlantic Coast Line railway, near the Coffee county line. 
Fairfield, a post-hamlet in the northwestern part of Wilcox coun ty, is about fifteen miles from the county seat. Bartonville is the nearest railroad station. 
Fairman, Henry Clay, journalist and author, was born in Missis sippi in 1849. He was reared and educated in his native state, but subsequently removed to Atlanta, where he became editor of The Sunny South. His stories and poems are popular through the South. His masterpiece, a story entitled "The Third World," has been compared with the works of Rider Haggard and Jules Verne on account of its daring imagination and vivid description. 
Fairmount, an incorporated town of Gordon county, is in the southeast corner of the county, about fifteen miles from the county seat. It has a money order postoffice, with several rural free de livery routes, and in 1900 reported a population of 191. Talking Rock, on the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern is the nearest railroad station. 
Fairy, a post-hamlet of Murray county, is located on a tributary of the Connesauga river, about twelve miles east of Cohutta, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Fales, a post-hamlet of Coffee county, is located twelve miles southeast of Douglas, between Seventeen Mile creek and the Satilla river. McDonald, on the Atlantic Coast Line, is the nearest railroad station. 
Fannie, a post-hamlet of Richmond county, is located about four miles southeast of Hephzibah, which is the nearest railroad sta tion. 
Fannin County was laid off from Union and Gilmer counties in 1856, and was named for J. W. Fannin who, with all his command, fell at Goliad while fighting for the freedom of Texas. It is situ ated in the northern part of the state and is bounded on the north by the States of North Carolina and Tennessee, on the east by Union county, on the southeast by Lumpkin, on the south and southwest by Dawson, Gilmer and Murray, and on the west by Murray. The country is very mountainous and the scenery beau tiful. Much of the surface is covered with a. heavy growth of oak, hickory, ash, poplar, maple and some pine. The people are en gaged in farming and live chiefly upon the products of their land, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
19 
 
manufacturing the cloth, jeans and linsey, of which their clothes 
 
are made. The agricultural productions are corn, sweet and Irish 
 
potatoes and wheat. The apples of Fannin county are celebrated 
 
for their fine flavor and will keep almost from one end of the year 
 
to the other. Gold and copper are found, but they are not mined. 
 
The Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern railroad enters the county at 
 
the southern boundary and divides at Blue Ridge into two 
 
branches, one going to Tennessee and the other into North Caro 
 
lina. This road gives opportunities for the shipment of the vege 
 
tables and fruits which are raised on the farms of the county. Blue 
 
Ridge is the county seat. At Morganton, which was the county 
 
seat until 1899, is the North Georgia Baptist College, a well known 
 
school in this section of the country. The population of the coun 
 
ty in 1900 was 11,214, a gain of 2,490 in ten years. 
 
Fargo, a town in Clinch county, is on the Georgia Southern & 
 
Florida railroad, not far from the Echpls county line. It has a 
 
money order postoffiee, express and telegraph service, some mer 
 
cantile interests and is a shipping point of considerable importance. 
 
The population in 1900 was 277. 
 
Farmdale, a post-village of Coweta county, with a population of 
 
87 in 1900, is located on White Oak creek, seven miles southwest 
 
of Senoia, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
 
,,,, 
 
Farmer, Lewis R., is the able cashier 
 
of that popular monetary institution, 
 
the Bank of Louisville, Jefferosn county, 
 
and he is a representative of old and 
 
honored families of this section of the 
 
state. He was born on the homestead 
 
plantation, in that county, Oct. 10, 1855, 
 
and in the same county also were born 
 
his parents, Rhesa J. and Elizabeth J. 
 
(Matthews) Farmer, both of whom are 
 
now deceased, the former having passed 
 
away in 1877 and the latter in 1880. 
 
Rhesa J. Farmer followed agricultural 
 
pursuits during the major portion of his active business career and 
 
at one time served as sheriff of Jefferson county. He was a gal 
 
lant soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil war and was a man 
 
of sterling character, commanding unreserved confidence and re 
 
gard in his native county. Lewis R. Farmer attended the schools 
 
of Jefferson county until he was fifteen years of age, when he be 
 
came a clerk in a mercantile establishment at Louisville. He con- 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
tinued to be identified with mercantile pursuits from 1870 until 1893, passing- this entire period in Louisville, except the years 1888-9, during which he was a resident of Waynesboro, Burke county. In 1893 he became one of the organizers of the Bank of Louisville, the first bank established in Jefferson county, and which was duly incorporated under the laws of the state, and he was made its cashier, which position he has ever since held, as well as being a member of the board of directors. He has proved a most discriminating and capable executive and the marked success which has attended the enterprise is due in a large measure to his efforts. He is also president of the Bank of Bartow, and a director of the Bank of Wrens, both in Jefferson county. Mr. Farmer is a stal wart in the camp of the Democratic party, and he served four years as county treasurer 1884-8. He is a Master Mason and a member of the Knights of Pythias and as a young man he was second lieutenant, for several years, in the local military organiza tion known as the Jefferson Rifles. He and his wife are valued members of the local society of the Methodist Episcopal church South, in which he is steward and trustee. On Nov. 8, 1877, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Farmer to Miss Margaret A. Tur ner, daughter of John Screven Turner, of Savannah. They have five children, namely: Bessie, who is now the wife of Milledge Lockhart, of Augusta; Susie, who is the wife of W. G. S. Rowe, of Louisville; and Margaret R. Screven, and Lewis Turner Far mer, who remain residents of Louisville. 
Farmington, a town of Oconee county, is located on the Athens & Macojti division of the Central of Georgia railway, about six miles south of AYatkinsville. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph service, some mercantile in terests and ships a considerable portion of the agricultural products of the county. The population in 1900 was 207. 
Farmville, a post-village in the southern part of Gordon county, reported a population of 59 in 1900. It is about seven miles south east of Calhoun, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
Farrar, a village of Jasper county, is on the Covington & Milledgeville division of the Central of Georgia railway, about twelve miles north of Monticello. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, and does some shipping. 
Fashion, a post-village of Murray count}, with a population of G6 in 1900, is twelve miles northeast of Dalton. which is the nearest railroad station. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
21 
 
Faulkner, a post-hamlet of Pickens county, is nine miles south east of Jasper and near the Cherokee county line. Tate, on the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern, is the nearest railroad station. 
Fawn, a post-village in the northwestern part of Coffee county is not far from the Irwin county line. Petefson, on the Wadley & .Mount Vernon railroad, is the nearest station. 
Fayette County was laid out in 1831 from territory acquired from the Creek Indians by the treaty of Indian Springs. It is in the central part of the state and is bounded on the north by Camp bell county, on the east by Clayton, on the southeast by Spalding and on the west by Coweta. The Flint river forms the greater part of the eastern boundary. The Southern railroad passes through the county from north to south and a branch of the Central of Georgia crosses the southern part. Along these lines are several towns, viz: Camp Creek, Kenwood, Fayetteville, Inman and Woolsey, on the Southern, and Brooks Station on the Central. Fayetteville is the county seat. The principal occupation is farm ing, the crops consisting of cotton, corn, wheat, peas, sorghum, potatoes and sugar-cane. Peaches and apples do well, and some attention is given to dairy farming, sheep and poultry raising. In 1900 the county reported 43 public schools in successful opera tion, with an attendance of 865 in the white and 300 in the colored schools. The population at that time was 10,114, an increase of 1,386 within ten years. 
Fayetteville, the county seat of Fayette county, is 011 the South ern railway, was incorporated in 1823, and its charter was amended in 1888. It has a money order postoffice with rural free delivery routes, express and telegraph offices, a court house worth $15,000 and over a dozen stores. There is a cotton seed oil mill in opera tion and a guano factory in process of erection. According to the census of 1900 the Fayetteville district contained 2,265 inhabitants, of whom 430 lived in the town. 
Federal Constitution, Ratification of, (See Constitution, Fed eral). 
Federal Town. While tobacco culture occupied the attention of the planters of a number of villages sprang up in different parts of the state. One of these was Federal Town, located on the east bank of the Oconee in Washington county. It perished soon after cultivation of cotton became general, as its prosperity depended upon the tobacco trade and without that stimulus it could not with stand the competition of other towns more favorably situated. 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Felder, Thomas B., Jr., a leading 
 
\\iiyv:\y-M A:-: . 
 
member of the Atlanta bar and a prom 
 
inent figure in the political affairs of the 
 
state, was born near Waynesboro, Burke 
 
county, Ga., Oct. 6, 1864. He is a son 
 
of Thomas B. and Minerva Clara (Cor 
 
ker) Felder, the former of whom was 
 
born in Sumter, S. C, in 1843, and the 
 
latter in Burke county, Ga., in 1844. He 
 
is a direct descendant of Edward Felder, 
 
who was colonel of the Third South 
 
Carolina regiment in the war of the Rev 
 
olution. The latters nephew, John My- 
 
ers Felder, was for many years a representative of South Carolina 
 
in the Congress of the United States. The father of the subject 
 
of this review was colonel of a Georgia regiment in the Confed 
 
erate service during the Civil war. Stephen A. Corker, maternal 
 
uncle of Mr. Felder, was captain of the Burke Guards in the Con- 
 
..federate ranks and after the war represented the eighth district 
 
of Georgia in Congress. After due preliminary discipline Thomas 
 
B. Felder, Jr., was matriculated in the University of Georgia, in 
 
which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1883, with the 
 
degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then studied law and was admitted 
 
to the bar. He served as mayor of Dublin in 1884-5; as county 
 
commissioner of Laurens county in 1886-7; and in 1888 was presi- 
 
dental elector on the Democratic ticket from the third Congres 
 
sional district of the state. He was engaged in the practice of his 
 
profession in Dublin until 1891, when he removed to Atlanta, 
 
where he now controls a large and representative practice. In 
 
1896-7 he represented Fulton county in the state legislature and in 
 
1898 was a candidate for Congress, from the fifth district, but was 
 
defeated. In 1904 he was presidental elector from the state-at- 
 
large and was president of the electorial college of Georgia. He 
 
is an active worker in the cause of his party, and has twice been 
 
a delegate to its national conventions. Mr. Felder is affiliated with 
 
the Masonic fraternity, the Improved Order of Red Men, the 
 
Knights of Pythias, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks 
 
and the Order of Beavers; is a member of the Capital City club 
 
and Piedmont Driving club, of Atlanta, and the Hermitage .Club, 
 
of Nashville, Tenn. He is a member of the First Methodist Epis 
 
copal church South, of his home city. On Aug. 12, 1886, Mr. Felder 
 
was united in marriage to Miss Charlotte Johnson, daughter of 
 
 ERRATA. Owing to the prolonged absence from Atlanta of Thomas B. Felder, Jr., during the preparation of the Cyclopedia of Georgia, the copy for his biographical sketch, which was sent by mail, failed to reach him for cor rection and approval, and hence several unfortunate errors appear in said sketch as printed on page 22 of Volume II. The corrected sketch appears below, and the recipient of this will confer a favor upon Mr. Felder and also upon the publishers by giving this a permanent place in said volume. The corrections appear in italics. 
STATE HISTOEICAL ASSOCIATION. 
FELDER, THQMAS B., Jr., a leading member of the Atlanta bar and a prominent figure in the political affairs of the state, was born near Waynesboro, Burke county, Ga., Oct. 6, 1864. He is a son of Thomas B. and Minerva Clara (Corker) Felder, the former of whom was born in Sumter, S. C., in 184.5, and the latter in Burke county, Ga., in 184.6. He is a direct descendant of Hons (Henry) Felder, who was colonel of the Third South Carolina regiment in the war of the Revolution. The latters nephew, John Myer Felder, was for many years a representative of South Carolina in the Congress of the United States. The father of the subject of this review was lieutenant-colonel of a Georgia regiment in the Confederate sendee during the Civil war. Stephen A. Corker, maternal uncle of Mr. F"elder, was captain of the Burke Guards in the Confederate ranks, and after the war represented the eighth district of Georgia in Congress. After the preliminary discipline Thomas B. Felder, Jr., was matriculated in the University of Georgia, in which he .was graduated as a member of the class of 1883 with the degree of Bachelor of Law. He served as mayor of Dublin in 1884-5 ; solicitor of City Court 1886-7, an<i in 1888 was presidential elector on the Democratic ticket from the third Congressional district of the state. He was engaged in the practice of his profession in Dublin until 1891, when he removed to Atlanta, where he now enjoys a large practice, In 1896-7 he rep resented Fulton county in the state legislature and in 1898 was a candidate for Congress from the fifth district, but was defeated. In 1904 he was presidential elector from the state-at-large and was presi dent of the electoral college of Georgia. He is an active worker in his party, and was a delegate to its national convention in 1888. Mr. Felder is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, the Improved Order of Red Men, the Knights of Pythias, the Benevolent and Pro tective Order of Elks, is a member of the Capital City club and Pied mont Driving club of Atlanta. He is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal church South of his home city. On Aug. 12, 1886, Mr. Felder was united in marriage to Miss Charlotte Johnson, daughter of Grafton Johnson, and a granddaughter of Gov. Noah K. Noble, of Indiana. She was summoned to the life eternal on June 21, 1904, having become the mother of one son, who died in infancy. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
23 
 
Grafton Johnson, and a granddaughter of Gov. Noah K. Noble, of Indiana. She was summoned to the life eternal on June 21, 1904, having become the mother of one son who died in infancy. 
Felix, a post-hamlet in the northwestern part of Colquitt county, is about twelve miles from Moultrie. The nearest railroad station is Sale City, on the Flint River & Northeastern. 
Felton, a village in the northern part of Haralson county, is on the branch of the Central of Georgia railroad that runs from Rome to Griffin. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph service, some mercantile establishments, church and school priv ileges and ships a considerable portion of the products exported from that part of the county. The population in 1900 was 150. 
Felton, William H., one of Georgias distinguished citizens, was born in Oglethorpe county. He graduated at the University of Georgia and the Georgia medical college at Augusta, and after practicing his profession for some time became a planter in what is now Bartow county. In early life he united with the Methodist Episcopal church South and was ordained a minister. Always interested in public questions, he was elected a member of the leg islature in 1851; was elected to represent his district in the lower branch of Congress in 1876, reflected in 1878; was elected to the legislature in 1884 and again in 1890, and was for ten years one of the trustees of the University of Georgia. He is still living in Bartow county at an advanced age. 
Female Asylum. (See Charitable Institutions). Fender, a village in the southern part of Tift county, with a pop ulation of 45 in 1900, is on the Georgia Southern & Florida rail road, about five miles from Tifton. It has a money order postoffice and is the principal trading center for the neighborhood in which it is located. Fending, a post-hamlet of Wayne county, is a station on the At lantic & Birmingham railroad, six miles east of Hortense. 
Fenton, a post-hamlet of Paulding county, is about seven miles due south of Dallas, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
Ferrobutte, (Railroad name Rogers Station), is on the Western & Atlantic railroad a short distance north of Cartersville. It has a money order postoffice and is a local trading point, with a popula tion of 40 in 1900. 
Few, Ignatius A., first president of Emory college, was born in Columbia county, Ga., April 11, 1789. His father, Capt. Ignatius Few. was a gallant soldier in the war for independence, and the son was a soldier in the war of 1812. He graduated at Princeton col- 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
lege, and when Emory college was founded in 1837 he was elected the first president. He opened the new institution on Sept. 10, 1838, but on account of ill health resigned the presidency the following July. As a Methodist minister he was known all over Gaorgia, and even in other states. In the minutes of the Georgia Methodist Episcopal conference it is recorded that: "His conversion did not take place until long after his maturity, and shortly afterward he offered himself for the self-denying, cross-bearing duties of the itinerant ministery. Born to fortune, gifted with extraordinary abilities, bred to the law, given to philosophical studies, an erudite scholar and an accomplished gentleman, he came among us as one of Christs little ones, and lived and died equally approved for meekness and purity of heart as he was admired for greatness of mind, profound scholarship and surpassing dignity of manners." He died at Athens, Ga., Nov. 28, 1845. 
Few, William was born near Baltimore, Md. He received a good education, studied law and began to practice at Augusta, Ga. Dur ing the Revolutionary war he served as colonel in the Continental army, and was especially distinguished for his bravery in battles with the Indians. He was made presiding judge of the Richmond county court; was surveyor-general in 1778; was several times a. delegate to the Continental Congress, and to the Federal constitu tional convention of 1787; was one of the first United States sena tors from Georgia, and in 1794 became circuit judge. In 1799 he removed to New York City, was elected a member of the legis lature of that state in 1802 and died at Fishkill, July 10, 1828, after having filled many important positions in the city and state of New York. 
Fidelle, a post-hamlet in the northern part of Gordon county, is about seven miles northeast of Resaca, which is the nearest rail road station. 
Fields Crossroads, a post-settlement of Milton county, is located three miles northwest of Alpharetta and in 1900 reported a popula tion of 73. Roswell is the nearest railroad station. 
Fifteenth Amendment. While the fourteenth amendment gave to the negroes the rights and immunities of citizens it did not spec ifically confer on the face the right of suffrage. The third session of the 40th Congress met on Dec. 7, 18G8, and on the very first day resolutions were introduced in both houses, looking to an amend ment to the constitution giving to the negroes the right to vote. A long and tedious debate followed, in which various amendments and substitutes were offered, and on Feb. 27, 1869, the proposed 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
25 
 
amendment, in the form in which it now appears as Article XV of the national organic law, was submitted to the general assem blies of the states, for ratification or rejection. 
The amendment came before the Georgia legislature on March 10th, in a special message of Governor Bulloch urging its ratifica tion. In the discussion and action which followed, party lines were almost entirely obliterated. On the first vote in the house 25 Re publicans and 42 Democrats voted for the amendment, 4 Republi cans and 56 Democrats against it, and 24 of the former dodged the question by not voting at all. On a vote to reconsider the next day 17 of this 24 voted for reconsideration. The final vote in the senate, where 8 Republicans dodged a vote, was 13 for and 17 against ratification, thus defeating the measure. 
The last section of the reconstruction act, passed by Congress on Dec. 22, 1869, provided: "That the legislature shall ratify the fifteenth amendment proposed, to the Constitution of the United States, before senators and representatives from Georgia are ad mitted to seats in Congress." In January, 1870, the amendment again came before the general assembly and, under the influence of the drastic reconstruction act, -and by the advice of some of the conservative men of the state, who saw that this was the only way to secure peace and the right of self government, it was ratified on the second of February. 
Finance of the State. Prior to the Confederate war the financial conditions prevailing in Georgia were not essentially different from those in other states. The current income was usually sufficient to provide for the current needs, though at times slight bond is sues were made necessary by extraordinary expenditures in found ing new institutions, or to meet some sudden emergency. In a. message to the constitutional convention of 18G5 Governor John son announced the public debt to be $20,813,535, of which $2,667,750 was represented by bonds issued before the war and $18,135,775 was incurred during the contest. He pronounced the latter as unconstitutional and recommended its repudiation, declaring that in the overthrow of the Confederacy the obligations of that government had been rendered void. This portion of the debt was liquidated by the "logic of events." 
At the close of the year 1866 the total bonded indebtedness amounted to $5,840,000. This included the bonds issued before the war, the principal item of increase being $3,630,000 in bonds au thorized in 1866 for the repair of the state road. The taxable prop erty was then valued at a little over $220,000,000. During the war 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the value of the property destroyed, including slaves, amounted to nearly $700,000,000 in gold, or over $1,000,000,000 in currency. Thus almost four-fifths of the property of the state had been de stroyed or rendered unproductive by the war. Notwithstanding this great handicap, and the excessive demands made upon the state treasury for losses or poverty caused by the war, there was no material increase in the bonded debt in the next two years. 
Then followed the era of "carpet-bag" government until 1870, and in that time the increase in the debt was alarming. In 1870, for the first time after the war, the more substantial element of the native citizenship gained the ascendancy at the polls. When the new legislature met one of the first acts was to appoint a joint com mittee of the two houses to "ascertain and report the number of bonds and indorsements which had been issued and put into circu lation by Rufus B. Bulloch, late governor; the aggregate amount thereof, by whom the same were sold, the times when and the persons to whom such payments were made, and all other facts connected with the history of said bonds." 
The report of this committee embraced 200 pages of reading mat ter, showing that they had conscientiously discharged their duties. According to that report the bonded indebtedness of the state had been increased to $12,450,000 and indorsements had been given to railroad bonds to the extent of $5,733,000, making the total liabili ties $18,183,000 an increase of over $12,000,000 in a little more than two years. Some of these bonds were afterward declared null and void by the general assembly. (See Fraudulent bonds). On Feb. 19, 1873, the legislature authorized an issue of $1,200,000 eight per cent bonds to pay the interest then past due. The same act provided for a tax levy sufficient to produce a revenue of $100,000 annually, which was to be applied to the payment of these bonds, and appropriated one half of the proceeds of the Western & Atlantic railroad to the liquidation of the state debt.. Since that time the finances have been maintained in a healthy condition and the entire public debt refunded at lower rates of interest. 
By the act of Dec. 23, 1884, the governor was authorized to issue bonds to the amount of $3,455,135, to refund the bonds that fell due in the years 1885-86. The first of these bonds fall due in 1915 and they were to bear interest at a rate not to exceed five per cent. In connection with this bond issue was another wise piece of legislation in creating a sinking fund of $100,000 a year to meet the bonds as they mature. The bonds were negotiated at four and a half per cent. On Sept. 5, 1887, an issue of bonds, not to ex- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
27 
 
ceed $1,900,000, was authorized for the purpose of redeeming the bonds that became due on Jan. 1, 1889. These bonds also bear four. and a half per cent. Their payment is provided for by a sinking fund of $100,000 a year beginning in 1898. Under the provisions of the act of Oct. 23, 1889, three and a half per cent bonds to the amount of $1,833,000 were issued to redeem outstanding obligations falling due the following year. The first bonds of this issue fall due on July 1, 1917, and their redemption is provided for by a sink ing fund of $100,000 annually. Small bond issues were made in 1891, 1894 and 1893, the aggregate amount being less than $750,000, none of which bears interest at a higher rate than four and a half per cent. 
Since the year 1873 the establishment of the public school sys tem ; the rebuilding of the state institutions, most of which had been destroyed by the war; and the payment of pensons to indigent soldiers and their widows necessitated heavy expenditures, yet the bonded debt has not .been very greatly increased. According to the state treasurers report for 1904 the amount of valid, outstand ing interest-bearing bonds at the close of the year was $7,331,500. The expenditures for the year 1904 amounted to $4,016,186.07. The income for the same period, including a balance of about $1,000,000 on hand at the beginning of the year, was $5,039,898.82, leaving a balance in the treasury at the beginning of the new year of $1,013,712.75. 
The principal disbursements during the year were: Schools and colleges, $1,713,583.19; penal and charitable institutions, $578,357.16; Pensions, $863,185; Public debt, $421,475.95; civil establish ment, $129,422.33. The chief sources of income were: General tax, $2,078,399.57; rental of the Western & Atlantic railroad, $420,012; railroad tax, $407,290; hire of convicts, $269,749.75; poll tax, $271,542.37; liquor tax, $172,697; insurance tax, $104,293.24. The development of natural resources and the consequent increase in property values make it comparatively easy for the state to in crease its annual revenues from the general tax while at the same time decreasing the rate of taxation. 
Findlay, a village of Dooly county, is located on the Georgia Southern & Florida railroad, a short distance north of Vienna. It has a money order postoffice, an express office and is a trading center for that section of the county. 
Finleyson, a town of Pulaski county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Dec. 5, 1902. It is a new town and was not re ported in the census of 1900. It has a money order postoffice, 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
with rural free delivery, express and telegraph service and forms the principal trading and shipping point for the southern part of the county, being located on the Hawkinsville & Florida Southern railroad near the Wilcox county line. 
Finney, Benjamin F., a principal in "one-of the representative manufacturing concerns of the city of Savannah, was born in Powhatan county, Va., March 26, 1870. His father, Col. William W, Finney, commanded the Fiftieth Virginia regiment of infantry, in the Confederate service, during the Civil war, and is a member of one of the old and honored families of the Old Dominion, having been born and reared in Powhatan county, while he now (1905) resides in the city of Richmond, at the age of sixty-eight years. He is a son of Capt. William Finney, wso served as captain of the "Richmond Blues" in the Mexican war, and the latter was a son of Rev. John Finney, a clergyman of the Protestant Episcopal church, as was also his father, who likewise bore the name of John. The last mentioned was ordained in the established Church of England, of which land he was a native, and he came to the colony of Virginia to exercise his sacerdotal functions, while he also became a member of the house of burgesses of the colony. His son, Rev. John, Jr., served as a chaplain in the Continental line during the war of the Revolution. The mother of Benjamin F. Finney bore the maiden name of Constance Williams. She was born at Society Hill, Darlington county, S. C., is a grand-daughter of Hon. John Nicholas Williams, who was at one time governor of South Carolina, and has attained the age of three score years at the time of this writing. Benjamin F. Finney passed his boy hood in his native county, and was afforded the best of educational advantages, having been a student in the University of the South, at Sewanee, Tenn., the Virginia polytechnic institute, at Blacksburg, and the historic old University of Virginia, at Charlottesville. He received the degree of Bachelor of Science from the Vir ginia polytechnic, in which he was graduated in 1888. Mr. Finney made a specialty of chemistry during his college days, and for a number of years thereafter was a professional chemist. In 1891 he came to .Savannah, where he conducted a chemical laboratory for the ensuing twelve years. In 1902 he was one of the organi zers of the Wilcox-Ives Oil Company, of which he has since been the managing partner, the concern having a well equipped plant and being engaged in the manufacture of rosin oils and various pitch and pine products. Mr. Finney is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party, but has never sought office. He is affiliated 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF -GEORGIA. 
 
29 
 
with -the Masonic fraternity, and is a past-master of AncienfLandmark Lodge, No. 231, of Savannah. He is a valued member of the Savannah board of trade,-of which he is official chemist, and he is a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal church, being an earnest churchman and a member of the vestry of Christ church. On Jan. 3, 1899, Mr. Finney married Miss Elizabeth H. Bridgers, of North Carolina, and she died on Jan. 27, 1902, leaving two chil dren. Benjamin F., Jr.; and Victor Heyward, the latter of whom 
died in infancy. 
First Roads. (See Highways). Fish, a post-village of Polk county, is on the Seaboard Air Line railway, about half-way between Rockmart and Cedartown. The population in 1900 was 100. It is the trading center for a consider able section of the county and does some shipping. The railroad 
name is Fish Creek Station. Fish, William Hansell. The history 
of the state, as well as that of a nation, 
is chiefly the chronicles of the lives and 
deeds of those who have conferred hon 
or and dignity upon society, whether in 
the broad sphere of public labors or in the more circumscribed realm of individ 
ual activity. Georgia has ever had rea 
son to be proud of the standing of its bench and bar and by William H. Fish, the present chief justice of the supreme 
court of the state, has this high prestige 
been maintained. He was born in the city of Macon, Ga., May 12, 1849, a son of Judge George W. and Martha E. (Hansell) Fish. His paternal grandparents were William and Sarah (Harvard) Fish, who removed from Washington county to Baldwin county, Ga., where they continued to reside until their death. His maternal grandparents, William Y. and Susan (Harris) Hansell, passed the closing years of their lives in Cobb county, Ga., whiteher they removed from Baldwin county. Judge Fish is a nephew of Judge Augustin H. Hansell, of Thomasville, Ga., and a grandnephew of Judge Iverson L. Harris, a former justice of the supreme court of Georgia. Judge Fish was reared in Oglethorpe, Macon county, where he received his early education. After due preparation lie entered the University of Georgia, from which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1869, receiv ing the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Subsequently he took a course 
 
 30 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
in the law department of the University of Virginia, but by reason of the death of his father he was forced to discontinue his studies in that institution before receiving a degree. He was admitted to the bar, at Oglethorpe in 1871 and he built up an extensive practice in the southwestern judicial circuit. In January, 1877, he was ap pointed judge of the county court of Macon county, which office he held continuously until September, 1891, when he was elected to the bench of the superior court of the southwestern circuit, to fill an unexpired term. Subsequently he was twice elected judge of that circuit, without opposition. In 1896, just after his second reflection to this office, he was elected associate justice of the supreme court of the state, and in the allotment of terms he drew the short term, of two years. In 1898 and again in 1904 he was reflected an associate justice, for full terms. In September, 1905, upon the death of Chief Justice Thomas J. Simmons, he was ap pointed to his present office, that of chief justice. He spares neith er time nor labor in his legal investigations and preparation, hand ling legal questions with marked clearness of illustration, strength of argument and fullness and variety of learning. Judge Fish was a trustee of the University of Georgia from 1893 until 1905, when he requested the governor not to reappoint him, as he felt that his duties on the supreme bench precluded him from giving the prop er attention to those demanded by his incumbency as trustee of the university. For many years he has been a trustee of Wesleyan Female College, at Macon. He has never held or aspired to any political office. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church, South, in which he has served as steward for many years. In 1876 Judge Fish was united in marriage to Miss Mary P. Hines, of Sandersville, Ga., and they have one child, Nina, who is now the wife of Henry S. McCleskey, of Americus, Ga. Chief Justice Fish lived at Oglethorpe, until 1891, when he removed to Americus, Sumter county, where he has since main tained his home, though his duties as a member of the supreme court have demanded that he pass the greater portion of his time in Atlanta. 
Fishing Creek is a small stream which rises in the central part of Wilkes county, flows northeast through Lincoln, and empties into the Savannah river about five miles below the mouth of Broad river. 
On Aug. 18, 1780, the American forces under General Sumter were surprised and defeated on the banks of this creek by a com bined force of British and Tories. The Tories living in the locality 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
31 
 
had for some time lost no opportunity to prosecute the patriots and this defeat made them more insolent and brutal than before. 
Fitzgerald, a new town in Irwin county was founded by colonists from the northwestern states through the agency of Ex-Gov. W. J. Northen. It is located at the junction of two branches of the Atlantic & Birmingham railway and was incorporated in 1896. Although founded in the woods it had by 1900 grown into a thriv ing little city with a population of 1,817 in the corporate limits and 2,515 in the entire district. The population is now (1905) estimated at over 3,000 in the corporate limits alone. Fitzgerald has electric lights and water works worth $45,000 all paid for and owned by the city, three banks, a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph offices and many prosperous mercantile establishments enjoying a good trade. Of about 8,000 bales of cotton received and shipped from the county 5,000 are handled in Fitzgerald. There are also one wagon factory and three sash and blind factories. School and church privileges of the highest order are enjoyed by the citizens. 
Fitzgerald Public Schools. The public school system of Fitz gerald, as now constituted, was inaugurated Jan. 1, 1898, under the charter adopted in 1897. The first board of education was com posed of W. H. Marston, E. S. Childs, E. Towne, D. B. Jay, D. T. Paulk, C. E. Becker, J. W. Turner, and J. Baughman. Prof. James Saunders was the first superintendent, with a corps of nine teach ers. Prof. M. D. Miller succeeded him in 1899, to be in turn suc ceeded by the present incumbent, Prof. W. H. Klepper, in 1904, who held the position until his death on May 30, 1906. The board of education has always been composed of representative business and professional men, and for the year 1906 is as follows: Presi dent, Hon. W. H. Marston, postmaster, who is serving his eighth year on the board; vice-president, C. P. McMillan, tinner, who is likewise serving his eighth year; Clerk, Dr. L. S. Osborne, seventh year on the board; and Dr. J. H. Twyman, dentist, sixth year on the board; C. H. Gill, machinist, second year on the board; J. H. Hicks, retired; W. B. Moore, real estate; and J. C. Glover, hard ware merchant. The system is composed of three primary, four grammar, four high-school and two commercial grades. The Lat in-scientific course is sufficiently, comprehensive to accredit the high school to the state university. The commercial course is thorough and includes everything needed to fit the graduates to fill any business position. In the near future will be added to the high-school curriculum a two-years normal training course for 
 
 32 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
teachers and a preparatory course for those pupils who have been unable to obtain the advantages of a public school until beyond school age. This will give Fitzgerald educational facilities equal to any outside the largest cities of the state. Since the opening -of the "Colony City" its school system, with free tuition and free text-books, has always been the pride of the people, and never has it been more worthy of this appreciation than in the year 1906, when the schools have a total enrollment of 950, with fifteen teach ers. 
Fitzpatrick, a post-hamlet of Twiggs county, is on the Macon, Dublin & Savannah railroad, about fifteen miles east of Macon. 
Flags. The first state flag of Georgia, of which any authentic account can be found, was after the adoption of the state seal of 1799, when the design the arch of the Constitution, supported by the three pillars, Wisdom, Justice and Moderation was emblaz oned on the state banner. When the ordinance of secession was passed in 1861 this flag was unfurled over the capitol. No other state flag was officially adopted, though in the national flag mu seum at Washington is an ensign bearing in the center of the union the coat of arms of Georgia surrounded by a circle of silver stars. On one side are the words "Presented by the Ladies of Henry," and on the other "Lackey Rangers," below which is the motto "Victory or Death." 
Georgia was one of the first states to fly the flag of the Confed eracy. One of the subjects which came before the Montgomery convention was the selection of a design for a national flag. Various models were presented and the matter was finally left to a com mittee, consisting of one member from each state, Francis S. Bartow representing Georgia. On March 4th the committee reported a flag of three broad stripes, alternately red white and red, with a blue union the width of two of the stripes, in wnich were seven stars, representing the then seceded states. Four models of the flag were hung up in the convention hall and within two hours after the report of the committee had been adopted the ladies of Montgomery had completed a fine merino flag, after the new design and this was raised over the state-house. As Capt. G. W. Lee, of Atlanta, was returning from Montgomery he described the flag to some of his fellow-passengers. When the train stopped at Grantville some of the passengers purchased the material for a flag, which was made by the ladies on the train and presented to Captain Lee by Col. W. T. Wilson in an appropriate speech. The next day, March 5, this flag was carried at the head of Captain 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
33 
 
Lees company on the occasion of President Davis visit to At 
 
lanta. 
 
Flanders, George Frederick, the pres 
 
ent postmaster of Swainsboro, is one of 
 
the well known and distinctively popu 
 
lar citizens of Emanuel county, which 
 
has been his home from the time of his 
 
birth. He is ex-sheriff of the county 
 
and has been prominent in connection 
 
with mercantile and industrial enter 
 
prises, being one of the progressive and 
 
public spirited citizens of this beautiful 
 
section of the state. He was born on 
 
the homestead plantation, in Emanuel 
 
county, March 4, 1871, a son of Will 
 
GEORGE F. FLANDERS. 
 
iam A. and Kitsy (Hall) Flanders, the 
 
former a native of the same county, born in 1830, and the latter of 
 
Jefferson county. William A. Flanders passed his entire life in 
 
Emanuel county, save for the period during which he was at the 
 
front as a valiant soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil war, and 
 
his life vocation was that of farming. He died in 1905. He was 
 
a son of Jordan and Sallie (Thompson) Flanders, and his wife, 
 
who was a daughter of Joseph Hall, 
 
died in 1897. They are survived by four 
 
sons and five daughters, all of whom re 
 
main resident of Emanuel county: John 
 
J., James AV., William M., and George 
 
F., Jane, the wife of A. M. Lawson; 
 
Mary, wife of John W. Wheeler; Ella, 
 
wife of C. Peebles; Sallie, wife of Man 
 
ning Webb, and Elizabeth, wife of D. 
 
B. Fields. Joseph C., twin brother of the 
 
subject of this sketch, was killed in 
 
July, 190:2, at the hands of a notorious 
 
desperado, Jeff Coates, whom he was trying to arrest on the charge of mur 
 
JOSEPH C. FLANDERS. 
 
der. George F. Flanders passed his boyhood and youth on 
 
the home plantation, attending school until he was twelve years 
 
of age. In 1896, at the age of twenty-five years, he was made 
 
deputy-sheriff of Emanuel county, became sheriff the follow 
 
ing year and continued the incumbent of the office until 1905. 
 
He has also been postmaster of Swainsboro since November, 
 
3 TI 
 
 34 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
1904, having held the office as well as that of sheriff for one .year. He has large farming interests in the county and was formerly engaged in the general merchandise business in Swainsboro, first as a member of the firm of Flanders Bros., his part ner having been his twin brother, Joseph C. Upon the un timely death of the latter, he took full charge of the business, settled up the same and finally disposed of the stock. In 1904 he again engaged in the same line of trade, selling somewhat later a half interest to Arthur Macon, who purchased the entire business, Jan. 1, 1906, Mr. Flanders desiring to give his entire at tention to his other interests. He is a director of the Citizens bank of Swainsboro, has served as a member of the city council, is a stanch supporter of the cause of the Democratic party, and is identified with the Masonic fraternity. On Sept. 19, 1897, Mr. Flanders was married to Miss Carrie Louise Sutton, daughter of Henry M. Sutton of Swainsboro, and they have four sons, Will iam Henry, George Frederick, Jr., Joseph Chestnutt, and Edwin 
Frank. 
Flannery, John, stands prominent in 
the business and civic affairs of his 
home city of Savannah and in the state 
at large, having been long concerned 
in enterprises and industries of broad scope and one of the honored and loyal citizens of the state of his adoption. He was born in the town of Nenagh, County Tipperary, Ireland, Nov. 24, 
1835, a son of John and Hannah 
(Hogan) Flannery, the former a native 
of Nenagh, where he was born about 1806, and the latter born in Silvermines, same county, about 1813, and continued a resident of the Emerald Isle until her death. The subject of this review secured his early educational discipline in private schools in his native town and during a portion of the years 1850-51 was a student in the public school of Silvermines. In September, 1851, he severed the ties which bound him to home and native land and set forth with his father for America, arriving in Charleston, S. C., on Oct. 26th. In Atlanta, Ga., he secured a position as clerk in the dry-goods and clothing establishment of S. Frankfort, in April, 1852. In August following he resigned this position and returned to Charleston, where he was employed in a similar capacity until December, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
35 
 
1854, when he located in Savannah, where he was engaged in clerk ing and bookkeeping, for various concerns, until the outbreak of the Civil war. He manifested unqualified loyalty to the southern cause by enlisting, on May 30, 1861, as junior lieutenant in the Irish Jasper Greens, First volunteer regiment of Georgia, in the service of the Confederate States for a term of sixty days. On Aug. 10, 1861, he enlisted for six months, being made first lieuten ant of his company Jan. 30, 1862, and re-enlisted on Feb. 11, 1862, for a term of three years or until the close of the war, as the case might be. He was promoted to captain on October 20, 1862. During the major portion of his first and second terms he was with his command in garrison duty at Fort Pulaski. His com pany was detached from the regiment and was at Lee battery, on the Savannah river, from February, 1862, until May, 1864, when it returned to the regiment and joined the army under Gen. Jo seph E. Johnston, in North Georgia, with which he served, with slight intermissions in June and July, until after the Tennessee campaign under General Hood. At Corinth, Miss., Captain Flannery became seriously ill, in January, 1865, and this practically terminated his active military career. He was en route from the hospital at Columbus, Ga., to join his command in North Caro line when the surrender of the Confederate armies took place. He was paroled on May 15, 1865, at Augusta, Ga. Upon the re organization of the Georgia volunteers, in 1872, he was reflected captain of his old company, and continued in that office consecu tively until April, 1898. In July, 1865, he entered into partner ship with L. J. Guilmartin and E. W. Drummond and engaged in business in Savannah, under the firm name of L. J. Guilmartin & Co., the concern doing a cotton-factorage and general commission business. In 1868 Mr. Drummond retired from the firm, and in June, 1877, a final dissolution of the copartnership took place, Captain Flannery purchasing the assets of the firm. He then be came associated with John L. Johnson, and they continued the en terprise, under the title of John Flannery & Co., until the death of Mr. Johnson, in December, 1900. On June 1, 1901, the business was re-organized as a Corporation under the laws of the state as the John Flannery Company, and continues under that name, Cap tain Flannery having served from the start as president of the company, to whose founding and upbuilding he has contributed in so large a measure. He was one of the organizers and incorporators of the Southern bank of the State of Georgia, in Novem ber, 1870; was a member of its original directorate; became presi- 
 
 36 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
dent of the institution in February, 1881, and served as such until the consolidation of the bank with the Citizens Bank, in February, 1906, when he became first vice-president of the consolidated banks. He is a director and also vice-president of the Chattahoochee & Gulf Railroad Company; was a member of the board of directors of the South Bound Railroad Company prior to its ab sorption by the Florida Central & Peninsular Railway Company; was also a director of the Georgia & Alabama Railroad Company until it was merged with the Seaboard Air Line; is a director of the United Hydraulic Cotton Press Company and the Savannah Hotel Company, owners of the magnificent Hotel DeSoto, in Sa vannah; and a director of the Southern Pine Company of Georgia. He was president of the Jasper Monument Association, which erected the beautiful monument to the memory of Sergeant Will iam Jasper, in Madison Square, Savannah, this monument having been unveiled on Feb. 22, 1888. His liberality and public spirit have been exemplified in divers and effective ways and all that concerns his home city is a matter of deep interest to him. He has been a member of the Savannah cotton exchange since 1875; has been identified with the Hibernian Society since 1866; holds membership in the Georgia Historical society, the Savannah Yacht club, the Atlantic club, the Reform club, of New York city, and other organizations, including the United Confederate Veterans. He is a stanch supporter of the Democratic party and its princi ples, and served as chairman of the Savannah sinking-fund com mission from 1878 to 1888, when he declined reflection. On April 30, 1867, was solemnized the marriage of Captain Flannery to Miss Mary E. Norton, daughter of Patrick and Honora (Harty) Norton, of Locust Grove, Talliaferro county, Ga., and of the six children of this union four died before attaining to the age of three years. Kate, the eldest, was born July 10, 1868, and is now the wife of R. T. Semmes, of Savannah; John McMahon Flannery was born Nov. 7, 1872, and died Dec. 29, 1900. Mrs. Flannery died on June 11, 1899. She was a member of the Catholic church, of which her bereaved husband is a communicant. 
Flash, Henry Lynden, was born in Ohio, but spent his early life in New Orleans. He attended the Western military institute of Kentucky, and after graduating went to Mobile, Ala., where he engaged in business. He entered the Confederate army at the be ginning of the war and served until the last year, when he became editor of the Macon Daily Telegraph and Confederate, in which 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA  
 
37 
 
many of his poems first appeared. In 1886 he moved to Los 
Angeles, California. Flat Creek, a little, village of Fayette county, is about ten miles 
southwest of Fayetteville. During the military operations about Atlanta in the summer and fall of 1864 several skirmishes oc curred in this vicinity, especially in the Federal raids on the West Point and Macon railroads. 
Flatland, a post-settlement of Camden county, is a station on 
the Seaboard Air Line railway, a short distance south of the Lit 
tle Satilla river. Flat Rock. (See Flat Shoals). Flat Rock Bridge, in Butts county, was the scene of a skirmish 
on July 28, 1864, as Stoneman was setting out on his celebrated raid to the rear of Hoods army (see Stonemans Raid). 
Flat Shoals is a little hamlet on the bank of South river in Butts county, where a skirmish occurred on July 28, 1864, during Stone mans raid. On Oct. 11, 1864, Gen. John W. Geary, with 2,200 in fantry, 700 cavalry, a battery of four inch rifled guns and 420 wagons, left Atlanta for a foraging expedition through Butts, Henry and Fayette counties. He reached Flat Shoals (mentioned in his reports as Float Rock) at six oclock the same evening and crossed the river there the following morning. Several skirmishes occurred during the expedition, one of which was at this point, but it was a slight affair. 
Flem, a post-hamlet of Taylor county, is about eight miles south of Butler, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
Fleming, a village in Liberty county, is located on the Atlantic Coast Line railroad, and is about ten miles east of Hinesville. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, some stores with a good local trade and does some shipping. The pop ulation in 1900 was 101. 
Fleming, Charles Campbell, of Atlanta, who holds the office of secretary of the southeastern tariff association, is a native Geor gian and a scion of families established in America in the early colonial era. He was born in Macon, Bibb county, Ga., Sept. 6, 184-7, a son of Alien and Elizabeth Campbell (Martin) Fleming, the former born iii Jefferson county, Ga., Oct. 13, 1804, and the latter in Morristown, N. J., June 11, 1819. Both passed the clos ing years of their lives in Columbus, Ga., and their remains rest in Rosehill cemetery at Macon. "In death they were not long divided," as the father passed away July 9, 1874, and the mother May 6, 1875. The Fleming ancestry is traced back to Scotch- 
 
 38 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Irish derivation and the original American progenitors came from the northern part of Ireland prior to the war of the Revolution. Five brothers of the name, with one sister, landed at Charleston or some North Carolina seaport. The great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch was the founder of the Georgia branch of the family, having located in Richmond county, where the grand father of Charles C. was born and whence he removed eventually to Jefferson county, where his son Alien was born, as noted above. The mother of Mr. Fleming was a direct descendant of Lord Campbell, whose brother was the reigning Duke of Argyle, and who settled in New Jersey in the early colonial days, his descend ants being now very numerous in that state. Charles Campbell Fleming was reared and educated in Georgia and since 1894 has held his present position as secretary of the Southeastern tariff association, being one of the representative business men of Geor gias capital city. He is a stanch advocate of the principles of the Democratic party but has never sought or held public office. He is a member of the Capital City club, and both he and his wife are communicants of the Protestant Episcopal church, though his family has been identified with the Presbyterian church for gen erations back. On June 4, 1884, he was united in marriage to Miss Effie Davis, daughter of Henry Davis, of Memphis, Tenn., in which city she died on Aug. 21, 1886, leaving no children. On Nov. 17, 1891, Mr. Fleming: married Miss Minnie W. Gay, of At lanta, a daughter of Capt. Edward S. and Mary E. Gay, and this union has been blessed with one son, Charles Campbell Fleming, Jr., born Sept. 29, 1892. In conclusion is entered brief record concerning the brothers and sister of Mr. Fleming: Goode Holt Fleming was born in Griffin, Ga., Oct. 18, 1849, married Miss Liz zie Meek, of Jacksonville, Fla., and died in Macon, Ga., Jan. 3, 1906; Alien Walter Fleming was born in Griffin and died in in fancy, about 1857; James Martin Fleming was born in Griffin, Sept. 11, 1856, and is still living; William Pope Fleming was born in Atlanta, married Miss Annie M. Johnston, of Macon, and now resides in Macon; Mary Elmina Fleming was born in Colum bus, Ga., became the wife of Harry Mix, and died in Macon, Oct. 11, 1892. 
Fleming, Frank E., president of the Hardwood Lumber Company of Augusta, was born in that city Jan. 12, 1855, a son of Porter and Catharine B. (Moragne) Fleming, the former born in Lincoln county, Ga., Nov. 27, 1808, and the latter in Abbeville county, S. C., in 1823. The father was a successful cotton merchant, located in 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
39 
 
Augusta in 1830, and there passed the remainder of his life, his death occurring on Sept. 8, 1891. His devoted wife died Dec. 9, 1903. Frank E. Fleming was afforded the advantages of that old 
admirable Augusta institution, Richmond academy, in which he continued a student until he had attained the age of sixteen years, when he took a clerical position in his fathers cotton office. From 1877 to 1886 he was employed in the Georgia Railroad bank of Augusta, first as a clerk and later as teller. In 1886 he became a member of the banking firm of Fleming, Thomas & Co., which successfully con tinued operations until 1897, when a con solidation was effected with the Commer cial bank, of which Mr. Fleming became president. In 1890 he was elected president of the Augusta and Summerville Railroad Company, which did a very successful busi ness through its control of the street car lines and all tracks con necting the different steam railroads entering Augusta. The company equipped the street car lines with electricity and subse quently sold out to the Augusta Railway Company. In 1903 the Commercial bank was sold in its entirety to the National Exchange bank, whereupon Mr. Fleming and Mr. Albert J. Twiggs, who had been for several years partners in a general contracting business, also engaged in the manufacturing of hardwood lumber, establish ing a fine band-saw mill in South Carolina, just across the Savan nah river from Augusta. The business so rapidly expanded in scope and importance that in March, 1904, it was found expedient to incorporate the same under the title of the Hardwood Lumber Company of which Mr. Fleming has since been president. He is a director of the Langley Manufacturing Company of Langley, S. C.; is a member of the Augusta Commercial club, and is one of the trustees of Summerville academy, located in the beautiful suburb of Summerville, where he has his fine modern home. Mr. Fleming is a stanch Democrat in his: political proclivities. On Feb. 24, 1891, he was united in marriage to Miss Lila Twiggs of Augusta, and of their five children four are: living Marion, Frank E., J., John M. and Erwin. Sarah T. died in infancy. 
 
 40 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Fleming, Robert Alexander, who died at his home in the city of Augusta, Feb. 9, 1890, was one of the able and influen tial business men of that city and left the impress of a noble manhood on the history of his times, having also been a loyal soldier of the Confederacy during the Civil war. Mr. Fleming was born in Lincolnton, Lincoln county, Ga., April 9, .1825, being a son of Robert A. and Thursa Fleming, both of whom were likewise natives of that county, and rep resentatives of old and honored families of the state. Mr. Fleming secured his educational discipline in the schools of his native^ town and located in the city of Augusta when a young man, having been a prominent cotton factor in this city prior to the Civil war, as well as after its close. On Nov. 23, 1862, he tendered his services in defense of the cause of his loved Southland, enlisting as a private in the Sixty-third Georgia in fantry, with which he served until the close of the great inter necine conflict between the states. He took part in a number of important battles and campaigns, was a participant in the battles of Resaca, New Hope Church, Kennesaw Mountain, Peachtree Creek, Atlanta and Jonesboro, and was with General Hood in the campaign to Nashville. From that point he went out in the cam paign to Murfreesboro, under General Forrest, in the rear guard of Hoods army. His record as a soldier was one of unfaltering fidelity and utmost gallantry, his loyalty to what he believed right being as pronounced in this relation as was it in all other associa tions of his life, a loyalty absolutely inviolable. After the close of the war Mr. Fleming returned to Augusta and resumed his operations as a cotton factor, bravely facing the depressed con ditions which obtained throughout the south through the ravages of war and bending all his masterful energies to recoup his for tunes and to aid in rebuilding the industries and institutions of his home city and state. He continued in the cotton business un til about 1883, and was very successful in his operations. In 1886 he became associated with Landon Thomas, Jr., and Frank E. Fleming in founding the banking house of Fleming, Thomas & Co., which built up a large and representative business and with which he continued actively identified until his death. He was also largely interested in cotton mills in this part of the state, as a 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
41 
 
stockholder in the Graniteville Manufacturing Company and the Langley Manufacturing Company. He was a stanch Democrat in his political proclivities, and his life was guided and guarded ac cording to the Golden Rule. He was a true humanitarian, just and tolerant, finding an element of good in every man. He was an appreciative member of the Masonic fraternity. On Nov. 5, 1867, Mr. Fleming was united in marriage to Miss Louise Anderson, daughter of Isaac and Lucinda (Baker) Anderson, of Warren County, Ga., and she survives him, as do also their five children, namely: T. Henry, Edward C., Mary Lou (Mrs. William Mar tin), Robert A., Jr., and Claude A. One who knew the subject of this memoir long and well has given the following beautiful and consistent estimate of his character: "Mr. Fleming was quiet and retiring and was successful in his various business undertakings because of careful planning and correct methods. He was his own counsellor. In the serene quietude of a masterful person ality he possessed rare abilities that guided and crowned a career that brought to him preeminence among his associates and con temporaries. Beautiful in character, chaste in ambitions, his life was characterized by a nobility and exaltation of purpose refresh ing to contemplate. As a man among men he stood four square to every wind that blows, and his generosity and his kindness of heart gained him the affectionate regard of all who came within the sphere of his gracious influence." 
Fleming, William H., was born in Richmond county in 1856. He attended the Summerville academy and graduated with honors at the state university. In 1877 he was elected superintendent of the public schools of Augusta and Richmond county, but resigned in 1880 to enter the legal profession. In 1888 he was elected to the state legislature from Richmond county, was three times reelected and during his fourth term was speaker of the house. In 1896 he was elected as a Democrat to represent his district in Congress, and was twice : reflected. 
Flemington, a post-village of Liberty county, is located about three miles southeast of Hinesville. The population in 1900 was 110. Mclntosh, on the Atlantic Coast Line, is the nearest rail road station. 
Fletcher, a post-hamlet of Irwin county, is about six miles north east of Inaha, which is th.e nearest railroad station. 
 
 42 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Fletcher, John T., is one of the repre sentative business men and citizens of Columbus, where he is president of the Georgia Fertilizer Company, and is also the owner of valuable farming lands in Muscogee county. He was born in the city which is now his home, Nov. 1, 1861, and is a son of James Monroe and Mary Elizabeth (Hurst) Fletcher, the former of whom was born in Chambers county, Ala., in 1837, and the latter in Chattahoochee county, Ga., in 1840. The father was one of the leading merchants of Columbus for many years, his death occurring there in 1902. He was a loyal soldier of the Confederacy during the Civil war. His widow now resides with her son John T., subject of this sketch. John Thomas Fletcher was afforded the advantages of the public schools and also private schools of Columbus, continu ing his studies until he had attained to the age of nineteen years, when he became bookkeeper for the firm of Fletcher & Gammel. of which his father was a member. Later he became a clerk in a grocery store, and afterward became associated with his father in the livery business, under the firm name of J. M. Fletcher & Son. Still later he became a member of the firm of Fletcher & Bullock, in which connection he was engaged in the carriage, wagon and harness business for a period of eleven years. In 1904 he purchased Mr. Bullocks interest and thereafter continued the business individually for two years, at the expiration of which he sold the same. In the meanwhile, in September, 1904, Mr. Fletcher organized and incorporated the Georgia Fertilizer Company, of which he has since been president, the enterprise now representing one of the leading industries of Columbus. He is a member of the Columbus board of trade and is the owner of more than 1,000 acres of valuable land in this county. Upon his farms he has planted 51,000 peach trees, and of the number 15,000 are now bearing fruit. He takes much interest in this branch of the rap idly developing pomological industry in Georgia and his success in the same has been pronounced. Mr. Fletcher is a Democrat, in his political adherency and he served two years as a member of the board of aldermen of Columbus. He is a member of the board of stewards of St. Lukes Methodist Episcopal church South, and is superintendent of its Sunday school. He is also vice-president 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
43 
 
of the Columbus Young Mens Christian Association and mani fests a deep concern in all that makes for the moral and material wellbeing of his home city and state. He is identified with the Knights of the Maccabees, the Royal Arcanum and the Independ ent Order of Odd Fellows. On Jan. 12, 1881, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Fletcher to Miss Bettie Fontaine Gammel, daugh ter of the late Abraham Gammel, of Columbus, and they have three sons, John T., Jr., born April 24, 1883 ; Ben Hill, born Aug. 9, 1884; and Fred Eugene, born Jan. 21, 1886. 
Flint, a village of Mitchell county, is on the Atlantic Coast Line railway, about seven or eight miles north of Camilla. The population in 1900 was 100. It has a money order post-office, ex press office, etc., and is the trading center and chief shipping point for that section. 
Flint River, one of the principal streams of Georgia, rises neat Atlanta and flows a general southerly direction about 300 miles until it unites with the Chattahoochee at the southwestern corner of the state. It is navigable for steamboats from its mouth to Albany. On August 19, 1864, a skirmish occurred on the banks of this stream near Jonesboro, between some of Wheelers cav alry commanded by Gen. W. H. Jackson and the Federal cavalry under Kilpatrick. (See Jonesboro). 
Flint River Bridge, a short distance west of Jonesboro, was the scene of a skirmish on August 30, 1864, during a raid on the Macon railroad. General Howards advance found a force of Confeder ates barricaded on the east bank of the river guarding the bridge. Captain Estes, with two regiments of Kilpatricks cavalry, sup ported by a strong skirmish line of infantry, made a charge across the bridge, forcing the guard to fall back for a short distance, where they reformed their lines and made another stand. In the meantime Logan reinforced the skirmishers and lengthened the Federal line so much that the small detachment of Confederates was unable to meet it, and they withdrew in good order toward Jonesboro. 
Flintstone, an incorporated town in the northern part of Walker county, is on the Central of Georgia railroad, and in 1900 reported a popuation of 257. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph service, several stores with good local trade and does some shipping. 
Flippen, a village of Henry county, is located on the Southern railroad, about three miles northwest of McDonough. It has a money order postoffice, with free rural delivery, an express office. 
 
 44 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
some stores with good local trade and does some shipping. The population in 1900 was 127. 
Floralhill, a post-settlement in the eastern part of Wilkes county, is a little east of Fishing Creek. Washington, on the Georgia railroad is the nearest station. 
Florence, a post-hamlet of Stewart county, is located about a mile east of the Chattahoochee river. Omaha, on the Seaboard Air Line, is the nearest railroad station. 
Florida Rangers. At the beginning of the Revolution many loyalists fled from Georgia and the Carolinas and found refuge in East Florida. Here they afterward organized themselves under the name of "Florida Rangers" and made frequent incursions into Southern Georgia committing depredations more in the nature of Indian outrages than civilized warfare. (See Wrights Fort). 
Florida, Wars with. (See Spanish Invasion). Flournoy, John F., president of the 
Muscogee Real Estate Company, and the Columbus Concrete Supply Com pany, two of the important industrial concerns of the city of Columbus, is one of the representative citizens and busi ness men of that city and has the dis tinction of being a veteran of the Con federate service in the war between the states, though he was but seventeen years of age when he thus rendered aid to the cause of the fair southland. He was born in the city which is now his home, March 13, 1847, a;son of John M. and Mary Ann (Gordon) Flournoy, both natives of Eatonton, Putnam county, Ga., where the former was born in ; 1814 and the latter in 1822. The father was a planter by vocation and served in the Indian war in Flor ida. He died in 1859, at the age of forty-five years. He was a son of Josiah and Martha D. (Manly) Flournoy, both of whom were born in Virginia. Mary Ann (Gordon) Flournoy died in 1885, at the age of sixty-three years. She was a daughter of Charles P. and Barbara Gordon and was a first cousin of the late Gen. John B. Gordon, of revered memory. John F. Flournoy, to whom this brief sketch is dedicated, secured his preparatory edu cation in an academy for boys at Columbus, the institution having been conducted tinder the direction of Prof. John Isham. He then entered the University of Alabama, where he remaind a student 
 
 : 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
45 
 
:. during one year. In Tuscaloosa, the university city, he became a ;: private in the Alabama corps of cadets, and in July, 1864, with : this command, he entered the Confederate service at Mobile, Ala., ; but was transferred in November, 1864, to Nelsons Georgia Rangers, continuing in the ranks until the close of the war and : participated in a number of active engagements, including the bat tle of Franklin, Tenn. He surrendered with his command at High Point, N. C. After the termination of the great conflict between the states Mr. Flournoy became identified with the planting in dustry, in Russell county, Ala., and remained there until 1873, when he returned to Columbus, where he was continuously en gaged in the warehouse commission business until 1895. In the meanwhile, in 1888, he had become president of the Columbus Railroad Company and retained this position until 1901. During this time fifteen miles of track was added and the entire system equipped electrically. His splendid energies and administrative talents have been freely utilized in the promotion and support of ; eriterprses which have conserved the material and civic advance ment and prosperity of his native city and state. He had much to do with bringing to its present high standard the street-rail: way system of Columbus, which is owned by the Columbus Rail road Company, just mentioned. Mr. Flournoy has been president of the Muscogee Real Estate Company from the time of its organ ization, in 1887, which company has developed East Highlands, arid it was under his personal supervision and control that beauti ful Wildwood park was developed and improved. Through his : efforts the first public park at Columbus was given to the people of the city. He was president of the Columbus Investment Com pany from its organization, in 1889, until 1905, when he retired. He is president and manager of the Columbus Concrete Supply Company, manufacturers df hydraulic pressed concrete stone, for architectural and general building purposes, the offices of the con cern being maintained in Columbus and the factory and yards at Concrete, Ga. Mr. Flournoy is also a director of the Columbus Power Company, the company which is doing so much for the de velopment of the water power on the Chattahoochee river, and was one of the original promoters of the Georgia Midland & Gulf raiJroad, of which he was. vice-president for many years. He is essentially public-spirited and progressive and is one of the valued citizens of Columbus. In: politics he accords a stanch allegiance to the Democratic party, but he has never cared to enter the arena of "practical" politics. On Nov. 1C, 18G9, he was united in mar- 
 
 46 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
riage to Miss Rebecca Epping, who died in 1873, leaving two chil dren John F., Jr., now cashier of the First National bank of Can ton, Miss., and Rebecca, wife of George S. Hamburger, secretary and treasurer of the Hamburger mills, of Columbus. On Sept. 28, 1881, Mr. Flournoy married Mary Reynolds, of Talladega county, Ala., and they have the following children, viz.: M. Rey nolds, Maud, Josiah Gordon, Mary Hannah, John Manly, and Walker Reynolds. 
Flovilla, a town in the southern part of Butts county, is on the Southern railway between Macon and Atlanta, and in the Indian Springs district. It was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1885, has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery sys tem, express and telegraph offices, a bank and several prosperous business houses. The people of the town and vicinity have also excellent school and church privileges. A short railway connects Flovilla with Indian Springs, the noted health resort. According to the census of 1900 the town of Flovilla had 523 inhabitants. The Indian Springs district, including Flovilla and Mclntosh, had a population of 1,517. 
Flower, a post-hamlet about ten miles east of Millen, is near the line between Jenkins and Screven counties. Millen is the most convenient railroad station. 
Flowery Branch, a town in the southern part of Hall county, is on the Southern railway between Atlanta and Gainesville. It is the shipping point for a considerable section of the county, and its stores do considerable business. It contained in 1900 a population of 430 in the corporation, has a money order postoffice with rural free delivery, express and telegraph offices, a bank and a gin and oil company. The people of the town and vicinity have churches and schools. 
Floyd County was created from Cherokee in 1833, and was named for Gen. John Floyd, the celebrated Indian fighter. It lies in the northern part of the state and is bounded on the north by Chattooga county, on the east by Gordon and Bartow, on the south by Polk, on the west by the State of Alabama, and on the northwest by Chatooga county. The Etowah and the Oostanaula rivers, which enter the. county at the east and north unite at Rome to form the Coosa, that flows westward and enters Alabama. The Etowah, though not navigable, furnishes abundant water-power, which is utilized by many factories. The Oostanaula and the Coosa together are navigable for 355 miles, bringing to Rome the lumber, iron, grain and cotton of the Coosa and the hardwoods of 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
47 
 
the Oostanaula valleys. The railroad transportation is all that could be desired. From Rome several great lines diverge in all directions, establishing communication with the principal cities of the country. The surface is mountainous and is covered with forests. Among the mountains are many beautiful valleys, the most noted of which, "Vans Valley," is one of the most charming in Georgia. The soil, especially in the lowlands, is fertile, and cotton, corn and small grains are raised. Peaches, pears, plums, cherries and grapes are cultivated on the highlands, but apples do best along the streams. Floyd county is rich in minerals, includ ing manganese, bauxite, marble, slate, limestone, cement rock, lithographic stone, kaolin, ochre, brick clay, bituminous shale, iron, iron pyrites, gold, silver and lead. Rome is the county seat and the commercial and manufacturing center. Cave Spring is another thriving town. Livingston was for a time the county seat. When the court-house was moved to Rome Livingston was sold to a private individual- and became a farm. The population in 1900 was 33,113, a gain of 4,723 in ten years. 
Floyd, James Boog, is numbered among the leading cotton men of Sa vannah, where he is associated in busi ness with his brother, Thomas B., of whom individual mention is made in an other paragraph in this work. Mr. Floyd was born in Fairfield, Camclen county, Ga., Dec. 24, 1850, a son of Henry Ham ilton and Mordina Jeanette (Boog) Floyd. The Floyd family in America claims direct descent from Llewellyn Floyd, the last of the Welsh kings. Three brothers of the name, William, Charles and Frederick, came to America about 1675, settling in what is now Accomac county, Va. All three married, but Fred erick left no descendants, his only child having died before attain ing maturity. One of the other brothers, probably Charles, had two sons William and Samuel the latter of whom married Susan Dixon, of Northampton county, Va. They became the parents of three children and Charles, the youngest of the number, was born in Northampton county, March 4, 1747. He followed a seafaring life for fourteen years and then settled in Charleston, S C., where he was residing at the inception of the war of the Revolution. He promptly allied himself with the "Liberty Boys" and entered serv- 
 
 43 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ice in the Continental line. He was captured by the British and held a prisoner in Savannah until the signing of the treaty of peace, after which he returned to Charleston. In 1768 he married Mary Fendin, of Greens island, S. C., her birth having occurred April 15, 1747, and her death Sept. 18, 1804. In 1795 they removed to Mclntosh county, Ga., locating near Darien, where they re mained five years, at the expiration of which they removed to Camden county, establishing as their home the plantation of Bellevue, where both passed the remainder of their lives, the death of Mr. Floyd having occurred Sept. 9, 1820. The only child of this sterling pioneer couple was Maj.-Gen. John Floyd, a sketch of whose life and career appears in this work. Of the twelve chil dren of Gen. John Floyd the youngest, Henry Hamilton Floyd, was born at Fairfield, Dec. 11, 1817, and was the father of the sub ject of this sketch. He was twice married. His second wife, Mordina Jeanette (Boog) Floyd, of St. Marys, Ga., died Feb. 24, 1862, and his death occurred in Florida, Feb. 25, 1873. Of the twelve children of this second marriage the subject of this review was the sixth in order of birth, and the seventh was his brother Thomas B., with whom he is associated in business. James B. Floyd was afforded a ::good common-school education, and at the age of fifteen years he went to Green Cove Springs, Fla., where he remained five years, after which he passed a few months on But lers island, Ga. He then located in Broadfield, Ga., where he en tered the employ of John K. and William Nightingale, extensive rice planters, with whom he remained for five years. In 1875 he took up his abode in Savannah, where he has since made his home and has risen to prominence in business and civic life. Here he entered the employ of R. F. Harmon, a public shipper of cotton, serving in the capacity :of checker and weigher until 1880, when he became associated with the cotton firm of Daffin & Dresser, with whom he remained until 1885, when he formed a partnership with his brother, Thomas B,, under the firm name of Floyd & Co., and they have built up and now control a large and flourishing busi ness in the general handling of cotton. Mr. Floyd is president of the Putnam Mills and Power Company, of Eatonton. Ga., and is a stockholder and one of the advisory committee of the Citizens & Southern branch bank, of Savannah. He is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party and is a member of the Oglethorpe club and the Savannah Yacht club. On Dec. 19, 1895, he was united in marriage to Miss Phileola Nesbet, daughter of Reuben B. and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
49 
 
Martha (Dennis) Nesbet, of Eatonton, Ga. They have no chil dren. 
Floyd, Thomas Bourke. In a preceding sketch of the life of James B. Floyd, elder brother and business associate of him whose name heads this article, is given in detail with regard to the fam ily history and business in which the two brothers are engaged, under the firm name of Floyd & Co. In view of this fact it is not necessary to repeat the data in the present connection. Thomas B. Floyd is one of the representative business men of Savannah, where he is identified with both the cotton business and lumber trade. He was born on the old homestead, Bellevue plantation, in Camden county, Ga., May 23, 1853, and his education was se cured in the city of Savannah. Since 1885 he has been associated in business with his brother and their annual transactions in the handling of cotton are of extensive scope. His lumbering inter ests are all large and important. In politics Mr. Floyd is a stanch Democrat, though he has never been an aspirant for public office of any description. On June 22, 1887, he was united in marriage to Miss Frances Ann Perkins, daughter of David Simpson and Frances Ann (Scarborough) Perkins, of Burke county, Ga. Fol lowing is a list of the names of the children of Mr. and Mrs. Floyd, the respective dates of birth being given in the connection: Alarmaduke Hamilton, June 14, 1888; Ida, Nov. 27, 1889; Frances Perkins, March 30, 1891; Thomas Bourke, Sept. 24, 1892; Au gusta Gallic, Oct. 22, 1894; and James Boog, Oct. 21, 1903. 
Floyd, Gen. John, was born at Hilton Head, S. C, Oct. 3, 1769. His fathers property was almost entirely destroyed by the British and Tories during the Revolution, and to recoup the family for tunes the son apprenticed himself at the close of the war to a house carpenter for a period of five years. In 1793, while living at Beaufort, S. C., he married Miss Isabella Maria, daughter of Richard Hazzard, and in 1795 removed to Mclntosh county, Ga. About five years later he took up his residence in Camden county, where he engaged in the business of a boat builder and also estab lished a plantation to which he gave the name of "Fairfield." In the fall of 1813, during the second war with Great Britain, he was placed in command of a force of 3,600 men at Camp Hope, near Fort Hawkins, where the city of Macon now stands. The fol lowing year he led an expedition against the Upper Creek Indians, defeating them at Autossee and Challibee, after which he was made a major-general and placed in command of the forces at Savan nah. After the war he returned to his plantation and several 
4-II 
 
 50 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
times was called upon to represent Camden county in the state legislature, a duty which he always discharged with signal abil ity and fidelity. In 1826 he was elected a representative in Con gress, but served only one term. He died at his Camden county home on June 24, 1839. 
Floyds Springs, in the county of Floyd, was the scene of skir mishing on May 16, 1864, as McPhersons Army of the Tennessee was inarching toward Rome. 
Flynn, Jeremiah C., has been engaged in the retail grocery business at 1017 Ninth street, Augusta, for the past thirty years, and is one of the representative business men and popular citizens of that city. He was born in County Cork, Ireland, Jan. 31, 1843, and is a son of Edmund and Mary (OConnor) Flynn, both of whom passed their entire lives in the fair Emerald Isle. Jeremiah C. Flynn was reared and educated in his native land, whence he came to the United States in 1866, at the age of twenty-three years. He landed in New York city on the first day of October, and after a sojourn of but one week in the national metropolis he made his way to Augusta, where he has since main tained his home. Here he has been identified with the grocry business since 1872, and since June 26, 1876, he has been engaged in this line of enterprise at his present location, where he has a substantial trade, based on years of upright dealing" and careful and discriminating selection of stock. Mr. Flynn is an uncom promising adherent of the Democratic party and has shown a com mendable interest in local affairs of a public nature. He served fifteen years as a member of the board of police commissioners of Augusta, and for ten of these years was president of the board. Fie then retired from office, but after an interim of five years, in December, 1905, he was again elected police commissioner, for a term of five years. He is a communicant of St. Patricks church, Roman Catholic, is identified with the Ancient Order of Hiber nians, and the Augusta retail grocers association, while for sev eral years he was a member of the Irish Volunteers, a local mili tary organization, in which he served as colorbearer. In November, 1873, Mr. Flynn was united in marriage to Miss Anna M. Kelleher, of Augusta, and she was summoned to the life eternal on 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
51 
 
Nov. 6, 1901, being survived by seven children, namely: Mary, 
 
Edward C., Nellie, John, Jeremiah C, Jr., Leo E. and Bessie L. 
 
Mary is now the wife of W. W. Teague, and Nellie is the wife 
 
of C. J. Vaughan. 
 
Fodie, a post-village of Brooks county, is about six miles north 
 
of Quitman. It reported a population of 100 in 1900, has a money 
 
order postoffice and is a trading center for that section. Spain, 
 
on the South Georgia & West Coast railroad, is the most conven 
 
ient station. 
 
..,,,.. 
 
Fogarty, Daniel Gregory, one of the 
 
leading members of the Richmond 
 
county bar, is established in the practice 
 
of his profession in the city of Augusta, 
 
and is one of the prominent factors in 
 
the ranks of the Democratic party in that 
 
part of the state. He was born in the 
 
city which is now his home, July 21, 
 
1867, a son of Thomas and Elizabeth 
 
(Molony) Fogarty, the former of whom 
 
was born in county Tipperary and the 
 
latter in county Clare, Ireland, both 
 
having come from the Emerald Isle to 
 
America when young. At the outbreak of the Civil war Thomas 
 
Forgarty enlisted, at Memphis, Tenn., as a private in a regiment 
 
raised in that state for the Confederate service. The command 
 
was assigned to the Western army and he continued with his regi 
 
ment through practically the entire course of the war, having sev 
 
eral times been severely wounded. He participated in the battles 
 
of Shiloh, Chattanooga and Chickamauga, and in one of the spir 
 
ited engagements in the vicinity of the city of Atlanta he received 
 
a serious wound, being sent, with other wounded soldiers, to Au 
 
gusta, Ga., where he remained incapacitated for further service 
 
in the field until the close of the war. Here he was married, be 
 
came a prosperous merchant of the city, and here he continued to 
 
reside until his death, which occurred on Nov. 9, 1880. His widow 
 
still maintains her home in Augusta. They became the parents 
 
of two sons and one daughter, the subject of this sketch being the 
 
eldest of the number. John Thomas, who is a bachelor, resides in 
 
Augusta, and Catharine A. is the wife of Daniel P. Sullivan, a 
 
prominent merchant of Augusta, and they have three children 
 
Elizabeth, Dorothy and Donald Gregory. Daniel G. Fogarty 
 
graduated from Spring Hill college, near Mobile, Ala., as a mem- 
 
 52 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ber of the class of 1887, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then read law in the office of Maj. Joseph B. Gumming, of Augusta, where he made excellent progress in his technical studies, spared no pains to fully assimilate the knowledge gained and was admitted to the bar, in Augusta, April 25, 1889. He forthwith engaged in the practice of his chosen profession in his native city, where lie has gained marked prestige and retains a representative clientage. Essentially public-spirited and taking a deep interest in the cause of the Democratic party, Mr. Fogarty has been a zeal ous worker in the party ranks and has been called to various posi tions of public trust. He represented Richmond county in the state legislature in 1894-5; was reflected for 1896-7, and was an active and valued worker in the house, both on the floor and in the committee room. During his last term he was chairman of the special judiciary committee. Since 1897 he has been chair man of the Democratic executive committee of the eighteenth sen atorial district. On Dec. 12, 1901, Gov. Alien D. Gaudier con ferred upon him the appointment of solicitor of the city court of Augusta, and he continued in tenure of this position until Sept. 23, 1905. He was elected and served as alternate delegate at large from Georgia to the national Democratic convention, held in the city of St. Louis, Mo., in July, 1904. He is a popular member of the Commercial and Country clubs of Augusta and is held in high esteem in political, social, professional and business circles: Air. Fogarty is a bachelor. 
Folsom, a village of Bartow county, is located about six miles northeast of Adairsville, which is the nearest railway station. It has a money order postoffice, and some stores which do a good local business. The population in 1900 was 7G. 
Ford, a little village of Bartow county, is about five miles south west of Kingston and not far from the Etowah river. It has a money order postoffice and is a trading center for the neighbor hood. 
Ford, Frank G., cashier of the National bank of Augusta, with which he has been identified since 1867, is a veteran of- the Con federate service in the war between the states and is one of the well known and honored citizens of Augusta, where he was born on May 16, 1842. He is a son of Dr. Lewis D. and Frances Emily Ford, the former of whom was born in the historic old city of Morristown, N. J., and the latter in Hamburg, S. C. Lewis D. Ford, M. D., LL. D., was one of the distinguished physicians and surgeons of Georgia and was for many years engaged in the prac- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
53 
 
ti.ce of his profession in Augusta, where both he and his wife passed the closing years of their lives, honored by the entire com munity. Doctor Ford rendered noteworthy service to the Con federacy during the Civil war, having been for some time surgeon of the Georgia hospital in the city of Richmond, Va., and later occupying a similar position in a Confederate hospital in his home city of Augusta. Frank G. Ford secured his early educational training in Richmond academy, in his native city, and then entered the University of Georgia, in which he was a student at the out break of the Civil war, when, like so many other of the young men of the South, he gave prompt evidence of his loyalty to the Confederate cause. On May 11, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company A, Fifth Georgia volunteer infantry, with which he saw long, arduous and loyal service, taking part in the battles of Murfreesboro, Chickamauga and Shiloh and serving with his command in the entire campaign from Dalton to Atlanta, also taking part in the engagements at Bentonville and Averasboro, N. C. He was slightly wounded in the" battle of Murfreesboro but was incapaci tated for only a brief interval. He was promoted to sergeantmajor and later to second lieutenant of Company H of the regi ment in which he originally enlisted, and of which he remained a member until the close of the war, his command being surren dered with Johnstons army. For about two years after the close of the war Mr. Ford was in the service of the United States gov ernment, as a clerk in the chief quartermasters department, in Au gusta. In 1867 he assumed the position of collection clerk in the National bank of Augusta and has ever since been identified with this old and substantial financial institution, having risen through the various grades of promotion to his present responsible office of cashier, which he has held since 1898. He is unwavering in his support of the Democratic party, and for many years he served as a member of the board of police commissioners of Augusta, having been chairman of the board for a considerable portion of the time. He is president of the board of trustees of the Augusta Young Mens library association fund, is affiliated with the United Con federate Veterans and with the Royal Arcanum. On Nov. 10, 1871, Mr. Ford was united in marriage to Miss Mary Ellen Ives, daughter of Adrian C. and Amanda W. (Thew) Ives, who were then resident of Augusta, and they have three children living: Frances Emily is the wife of C. D. Cohen, of Norfolk, Va.; Miss Ellen Ives Ford remains at the parental home, and Adrian Chauncey is a representative young business man of Augusta. 
 
 54 
 
CYCLOPEDIA CF GEORGIA 
 
Fort, Alien, senior member of the 
 
: 
 
well known law firm of Alien Fort & 
 
Sons, of Americus, is a descendant of 
 
one of Georgias old and honored fami 
 
lies. His great-grandfather, Arthur Fort, 
 
was a gallant soldier in the colonial army 
 
in the Revolutionary war and rendered 
 
yeoman service in behalf of the cause 
 
of American independence. He was 
 
also a member of the executive council 
 
of Gov. John A. Treutlen, the first gov 
 
ernor of Georgia under the constitution 
 
of 1777; was for several years a member 
 
of the state senate, and is reputed to have been the author of the 
 
celebrated judiciary act of 1799. Alien Fort, the immediate sub 
 
ject of this sketch, was born near Lumpkin, Stewart county, Ga., 
 
July 14, 1849, a son of James Arthur and Mary A. (Belcher) Fort, 
 
both natives of Twiggs county, Ga. After due preliminary train 
 
ing he entered the University of Georgia, in which institution he 
 
was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, as a member 
 
of the class of 1867, sharing first honors of his class with Samuel 
 
Spencer, now president of the Southern Railway Company. The 
 
following year he was admitted to the bar and since then has been 
 
engaged in the work of: his profession, in which he has achieved 
 
substantial success and ; won high prestige as an attorney and 
 
counselor at law. Politically he is an unswerving advocate of 
 
Democratic principles and has been honored by the people of 
 
Sumter county by being elected three times to represent that 
 
county in the legislature. While a member of the general assem 
 
bly he became interested in railroad legislation, particularly in the 
 
matter of creating a railroad commission. He introduced the 
 
bill, which was afterward consolidated with the bill of Mr. Rankin, 
 
of Gordon county, and which passed the house as the Fort-Rankin 
 
bill, and which was amended in the senate, becoming the present 
 
railroad commission law of Georgia. In the opinion of some of 
 
the ablest lawyers in the. state the bill as it passed the house that 
 
is the original Fort-Rankin bill was a better measure than the 
 
one which finally became the law. In his fight for this bill Mr. 
 
Fort was ably supported by Mr. Rankin and a number of other 
 
members, as well as many of the leading citizens of the state. He 
 
still has in his possession an autograph letter from Gen. Robert 
 
Toombs, complimenting;him on his distinguished services in the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
55 
 
connection. Gov. W. J. Northen was a member of the house at the time, and after his election to the office of governor he ap pointed Mr. Fort a member of the railroad commission, chiefly be cause of his active interest in securing the passage of the law. He served on the commission for six years, during which time he was ever alert to the peoples welfare, favoring a number of reductions in freight rates, notably the cotton rate, to which the other two members of the commission failed to agree. In this case Mr. Fort rendered the dissenting opinion, which was published and widely circulated through the South. The railroads naturally opposed his continuance as a member of the commission and Mr. Fort de clined to ask a reappointment at the hands of Governor Atkinson, though his services while a member will long be remembered by the people of Georgia. For ten years Mr. Fort served as judge of the superior courts of the Southwestern circuit and made an ad mirable record on the bench. During his entire professional career he has been a resident of Americus and is regarded as one of the progressive and influential citizens of Sumter county. He is now associated with his two sons, Alien, Jr., and Hollis, in the practice of law, the firm being widely known and has a large clientage. Judge Fort is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Sigma Al pha Epsilon college fraternity and the Methodist Episcopal church South, in each of which he has a high standing because of his un impeachable integrity and general good fellowship. On Dec. 13, 1876, Judge Fort was united in marriage to Miss Floyd Hollis, daughter of John F. and Susan M. Hollis, of Marion county, Ga., and the children of this union are Alien, Jr., Hollis, James, Susan F., Mary D. and Georgia A. 
Forest, a post-hamlet of Meriwether county, is located about fifteen miles northwest of Greenville. Hogansville, on the At lanta & West Point railway, is the nearest station. 
Forest Park, a post-hamlet in the northern part of Clayton county, is a station on the Central of Georgia railroad, about half way between Atlanta and Jonesboro. 
Forsyth, the county seat of Monroe county, on the Central of Georgia railway, was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1823 and in 1875 the charter was amended. This town has three banks, express and telegraph offices, a court house, several pros perous commercial- houses, a money order post office with rural free delivery, a knitting mill and a cotton factory. Several de nominations have good church edifices and the school system is ex cellent. The Methodists have a good school for boys and the 
 
 56 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Baptists have a fine college for young ladies. According to the census of 1900 the population of the district of Forsyth was 2,429, of whom 1,172 lived within the corporate limits of the town. 
Forsyth County was laid off from Cherokee in 1834 and named for the Hon. John Forsyth, a native of Virginia, who came with his parents to Georgia at an early age and was for many years prominent in the affairs of the state. The county lies in the north ern part of the state and is bounded by Dawson on the north, Hall on the east, Hall and Gwinnett on the southeast, Milton on the south and Milton and Cherokee on the west. The Etowah and Chattahoochee rivers, with their tributaries, drain the county. The soil is fertile and yields abundant crops of cotton, corn, wheat, rye, oats, tobacco, fruits and vegetables. There are no extensive fruit farms, but almost every farmer has an orchard, the products of which are often marketed at Atlanta. Much of the land is cov ered with second growth forests of pine, hickory and oak. Most of the saw-mills are portable and saw by contract for those who own the timber. The Chattahoochee affords almost inexhaustible water-power, only a small percentage of which is utilized. There are no railroads in the county, but a branch of the Southern sys tem runs within a few miles of the eastern border. The products are marketed principally: at Buford, though some are carried to Atlanta and Gainesville. The schools both public and private are good. Among the latter are High Tower institute, a Baptist school, and Hopewell academy, which belongs to the Methodists. Forsyth county lies within the gold belt and some mines have yielded large returns. One of these, the Green mine, is a rich placer and is worked by a few men who employ the most primi tive methods. Copper and silver are also found. The population according to the census of 1900 was 11,550, a gain of 395 since 1890. Gumming, the county seat, is surrounded by beautiful scenery. About twelve miles south of this place are several small Indian mounds and ten miles northwest is a peculiar rock of un hewn granite, over 80 feet long, and carved with various charac ters, which from their appearance must have been wrought at a very early period. The characters are regular and it is probable they were carved by the same race of people who constructed the mounds in this and other states. 
Forsyth, John, fifteenth governor of Georgia, was born in Fred erick county, Va., Oct. 22, 1780. After graduating at Princeton, he studied law and was admitted to the bar at Augusta, Ga., in 1802. In 1808 he became attorney-general of the state, was elected 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
57 
 
representative in Congress in 1813, and United States senator in 1818, resigning the latter position in 1819 to become United States Minister to Spain. In this capacity he completed the delicate task of negotiating the transfer of Florida to the United States, re turned to America in 1823 and was at once elected to Congress. In 1827 he became governor of the state and in 1829 was again elected to the United States senate. He was a delegate to the anti-tariff convention in 1832, and secretary of state under Presi dents Jackson and Van Buren. He died in Washington, D. C., Oct. 21, 1841. 
Forts. From the time when the first white men came to Geor gia, with General Oglethorpe, until the Indian title to the lands was entirely extinguished, numerous forts were built for the pro tection of the settlers against the depredations of the savages, the threatening attitude of the Spaniards on the south, and the cam paigns of the British during the Revolution. Many of these forts were slight affairs, often being constructed by the settlers them selves in a hurried manner, and some were not even dignified by a name. Some of them, though not in Georgia, played an impor tant part in the war of the Revolution and the various wars with the Indians. Notable among these were Fort Mitchell, on the west bank of the Chattahoochee, just below Columbus; Forts Butler and Hembrie in North Carolina, a short distance from Hiawassee in Towns county; Fort Prince George in South Caro lina, and Fort London in Tennessee. As far as possible the forts within the state have been located and such information given con cerning them as could be gleaned from the meager records pre served, each fort being treated under its own name. 
Fort Advance. (See Gen. Elijah Clarke). Fort Argyle. This fort was erected by Oglethorpe in 1733 and stood at the narrow passage on the Ogeechee river, about a mile above the mouth of the Cannouchee. Its position was selected with reference to the route taken by the Indians in their invasions into South Carolina and it was named in honor of the Duke of Argyle, who was a friend and patron of Oglethorpe. Upon its completion it was garrisoned by Captain McPherson and his com pany of rangers. No English settlements were made south of the Ogeechee until some years afterward and Fort Argyle re mained the only post to guard the southern frontier. Ten planta tions were established near the fort, but when the garrison was withdrawn eight of the planters removed and in a few years all signs of industry had disappeared. 
 
 58 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Fort Armstrong was located on the line between Georgia and Alabama, not far from the old Cherokee boundary as established by General Coffee. It was one of the early frontier fortifications, erected as a defense against the Indians. 
Fort Barrington. About tweney miles above the city of Darien, on the east side of the Altamaha river, there is at the present day a little hamlet called Barrington. Near the site of the village General Oglethorpe erected a frontier fort in the early days of the colony and conferred on it the name of Fort Barrington. During the Revolutionary war the name was changed to Fort Howe, in honor of Gen. Robert Howe, who was for some time the com mander of the American forces in Georgia. The old fort has long since crumbled into ruins, along with many other early military establishments, the location of some being uncertain if not alto gether unknown. 
Fort Beaulieu was an earthwork during the civil war near Beaulieu, on Vernon river, one of the pleasure resorts of the citizens of Savannah. It was erected as a barrier against any hostile force that might attempt to attack Savannah from the rear. On Dec. 14, 1864, Admiral Dahlgreens fleet began the bombardment of the battery and also of Fort Rosedew, a small earthwork on the Ogeechee river. By the 21st these works and all the other fortifications of the city of Savannah had been abandoned by General Hardee, who had held his long line for nearly two weeks against Shermans army numbering nearly four times as many men. 
Fort Brown. At the beginning of the Confederate war the state authorities commenced the construction of a heavy earthwork as one of the defenses of the city of Savannah. It was located at the Roman Catholic cemetery and was intended to guard the ap proaches from Thunderbolt, Isle of Hope and Beaulieu. Before it was completed it was turned over to the Confederate government and was subsequently incorporated in the regular line of defences erected by general authorities. After the restoration of peace the old fort gradually disappeared until at the present time it is only a memory. 
Fort Chambers, a pioneer protection against the warlike Creeks, stood a little northwest of the present town of Sparta in Hancock county. 
Fort Cornwallis was the principal fortification at Augusta in the time of the Revolution. It was erected by the British and named after Lord Cornwallis. Its location was near the center of the town, not far from the Savannah river, and it played a prominent 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA  OF GEORGIA 
 
59 
 
part in the military operations in the several attacks upon and the siege of Augusta. (See Augusta). 
Fort Dearborn was a temporary fortification erected and occu pied during the Florida war. It was located on the eastern border of the Okefmokee swamp, about thirteen miles southeast of Fort Floyd. 
Fort Defiance. (See Gen. Elijah Clarke). Fort Early. But little is known of this fort, further than that it was located on the left bank of the Flint river, a little north of east of the present town of Starkville, and that it was named for Peter Early. Fort Fidius was built in the latter part of the eighteenth century as a protection against the Indians. The records of the United States war department state that it was located "on the north bank of the Oconee river," but its exact location can not be ascertained. It was probably a short distance south of the present city of Milledgeville. Fort Floyd, located near the northeast corner of the great Okefinokee swamp, was erected by authority of the United States government and was occupied from Nov. 15, 1838, to Sept. 25, 1839, when it was abandoned. Fort Gaines, the county seat of Clay county, is beautifully sit uated on a bluff of the Chattahoochee river, 160 feet above common water mark. The name is derived from a fort built here as a pro tection against the Indians in 1816 by order of General Gaines. By act of the legislature in 1830 the town was incorporated. It has excellent facilities for: trade and travel by steamboats on the Chattahoochee or by rail over a branch of the Central of Georgia railway system. It has a. money order post office with rural free delivery, a court house valued at $20,000, a gas plant, and a number of good stores. An artesian well supplies the people of Fort Gaines with pure, wholesome water, and in the county are several mineral springs. Among the business enterprises is a cotton seed oil mill and a guano factory. The town has a good system of public schools. In the entire Fort Gaines district according to the census of 1900 there were 2,775 inhabitants, of whom 1,305 were in the corporate limits of the town. Fort George. In 1762 -a fort was built on Cockspur island, to which was given the -name of Fort George. It was an earthwork of considerable proportions, the mud walls being faced with pal metto logs and a caponiere built inside to serve as officers quarters. In September, 1773, only eleven years after it was erected, it was 
 
 60 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
reported to be almost in ruins and garrisoned by one officer and three men, just to make signals, etc. In a letter written by James Habersharn on April 30, 1772, the fort is mentioned as being "a total ruin, though necessary for the protection of the port and ship ping." It never played an important part in the history of the colony, either as a work of defense or an object of attack. (See Fort Morris). 
Fort Gilmer was located about "one mile below the mouth of 
Cypress creek in Gilmer county," and was established by authority of the United States shortly after the treaty of Dec. 29, 1835. It 
was first occupied on July 30, 1838, and was abandoned on March 24, 1842. It was named in honor of George R. Gilmer, who was at that time governor of the state. 
Fort Grierson. This ; fort stood about a half mile from Fort Cornwallis, on the west side of Augusta and on the west bank of a deep gully that communicated with the Savannah river. It was erected by the British in the time of the Revolution and was named after one of their generals. (See Augusta). 
Fort Halifax. This fort, which was not a very formidable one, stood on the bluff within the limits of the town of Savannah. It was erected in 1759 and consisted of two walls of heavy planks, filled in between with earth. Its chief historic prominence is in the fact that it was here the stamps were stored by Governor Wrights orders in December, 1765. (See Sons of Liberty). 
Fort Hawkins. In 1802 Col. Benjamin Hawkins recommended to the war department the establishment of a fort and trading post on the "Old Ocmulgee Fields." The right to establish such a post was obtained by the Fort Wilkinson treaty and Colonel Hawkins selected the site on an eminence near the river, and where the city of Macon now stands, where a tract of 100 acres was set apart for the use of the post. Fort Hawkins was built in 1806 and was gar risoned by troops from Fort Wilkinson early in the following year. It was named in honor of the man who suggested it and was one of the most formidable on the frontier. Two blockhouses, each twenty-eight feet square, with two stories and basement, built of heavy logs and provided with portholes for both cannon and musketry, stood at the southeast and northwest corners of a strong stockade. The area enclosed by the stockade was fourteen acres. The land about the fort was cleared of large trees and undergrowth, so that no shelter would be afforded to the Indians in case of at tack. During the War of 1812 the fort was a prominent point for the mobilization of troops. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
61 
 
Fort Heard or Heards fort, as it was generally called was lo 
 
cated near the headwaters of Fishing creek, on the site of the pres 
 
ent city of Washington, and was built as a protection against the 
 
Indians by Stephen Heard, who settled there about 1774. In 1780, 
 
when the British threatened Augusta, then the seat of government, 
 
the assembly passed a resolution, that, "Aware of the defenceless 
 
condition of this town, which might be surprised by twenty men, 
 
and deeming it unsafe and impolitic for the governor and council 
 
to remain thus exposed, it is ordered that Heards fort, in Wilkes 
 
county be designated, as a place of meeting for transacting the bus 
 
iness of the government of this state as soon after leaving Augusta 
 
as may be." 
 
Probably the reason that this fort was selected was because Mr. 
 
Heard was at that time acting governor. The records, etc., were 
 
removed there and for the time being the affairs of the state were 
 
administered from the fort as the temporary capital of Georgia. 
 
The old fort has long since disappeared, but the part it played in 
 
the struggle for independence forms one of the interesting inci 
 
dents in Georgias Revolutionary history. 
 
Fort Henderson, a temporary fortification during the Florida 
 
war, was located on the St. Marys river two and a half miles west 
 
of Coleraine. It was a cheaply constructed earthwork and was 
 
used but a short time. 
 
Fort Howe. (See Fort Barrington). 
 
Fort Jackson. (See Fort Oglethorpe). 
 
Fort James. A description of this fort, written by William 
 
Bartram in the spring of 1776, says it was located on the point of 
 
land lying between the Savannah and Broad rivers, about equally 
 
distant from each of the streams and from the point of their union. 
 
The stockade was an acre in extent, with "saliant bastions at each 
 
angle, mounted with a blockhouse, where are some swivel guns, 
 
one story higher than the curtains which are pierced with loop 
 
holes, breast high, and defended by small arms." At the time of 
 
Bartrams visit the place was garrisoned by fifty rangers, well 
 
mounted and armed. Located as it was upon an eminence, it com 
 
manded the two rivers, as well as a considerable scope of the sur 
 
rounding country. 
 
: 
 
The records of the United States war department mention anoth 
 
er Fort James as being located on the Altamaha river, two miles 
 
above the mouth of Beards creek. During the Civil war there was 
 
a Confederate fortification by this name on the Ogeechee river. 
 
 62 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Fort Jones was in Stewart county and in the Creek war of 1836 was garrisoned by a force of militia under the command of Major Jernigan. (See Shepherds Plantation). 
Fort King George. This was probably the first military work in what is now the State of Georgia. It was built at the junction of the Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers about 1720, by orders of General Nicholson, who was at that time governor of South Carolina, his object being to protect the southern border of that colony against invasion from the Spaniards. The first fort was destroyed by fire and a second erected in its place, but it was not so good as its pred ecessor and was soon abandoned. In 1729 Gov. Robert Johnson, who had succeeded General Nicholson, ordered it rebuilt, but the order was not carried out. 
Fort Lawrence was on the right bank of the Flint river, opposite the Creek agency, in what is now Taylor county, and was a work of some importance in its day. 
Fort McAllister. Early in the Civil war the Confederates built this fort on Genesis Point, at the mouth of the Ogeechee, to guard against any attack on Savannah by way of that river. At the be ginning of the year 1863 it; was garrisoned by a small force com manded by Maj. John B. Gallic. On January 27th an attack was made on the works by four Federal gunboats and an ironclad mon itor. The only guns of consequence in the fort were one rifled 32-pounder and one 8-inch columbiad. With this armament a fight was kept up for four hours, in which the vessels exhausted their ammunition and withdrew without doing any serious damage. Five days later another attack was made, but again the Federals were repulsed. On February 27th the steamer Nashville, a block ade runner, which had been lying for sometime above the fort, ran aground not far from the mouth of the river, where she was set on fire by shells from the Federal vessels and destroyed, the guns from the fort doing all they could meanwhile to protect the cruiser. On March 3d the fort was furiously bombarded for seven hours by three new monitors armed with heavy guns and the mor tar boats continued the shelling all the following night. Next morning the fort was apparently as good as ever. Being a low earthwork, constructed chiefly of sand, the shots from the gunboats had done very little damage, except the temporary dismantling of two guns and the slight wounding of two men- Horace Greeley, in his "American Conflict,"; says that "from this time the Union fleets saved their ammunition by letting Fort McAllister alone." 
The fort was captured by the Federals on Dec. 13, 1864, by a land 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
63 
 
force of nine regiments, which surrounded it and after a fierce fight of about a quarter of an hour Major Anderson and his 250 men were compelled to yield to the superior strength of the enemy. 
Fort Mclntosh. In the establishment of defenses for the coun try south of the Altamaha, at the beginning of the Revolution, Fort Mclntosh was erected on the east side of the Satilla river, nearly west of the present village of Tarboro. It was a small stockade, one hundred feet square, and stood on a slight elevation about eighty yards from the water. At each corner was a bastion, and in the center stood a block house, which served as a lodge ment for the troops, a magazine and a last resort as a place of de fense. In January, 1777, Col. Lachlan Mclntosh, in whose honor the fort was named, sent Capt. Richard Winn, with forty men from the Third South Carolina and twenty Continental troops from the Georgia brigade to garrison the post. Just at dawn on February 17th an attempt was made to surprise the garrison, by a force of seventy Florida Rangers and eighty Indians, commanded by Brown, Cunningham and McGirth. After an assault of five hours a demand was made by Colonel Brown for the unconditional sur render of the fort, accompanied by the threat to put the entire garrison to the sword if the demand was refused. Captain Winn asked that hostilities be suspended for an hour, to give him an op portunity to consider the question. At the end of that time he returned the following reply: "I have considered your proposi tion, but am bound in honor not to comply. Should we fall into your hands we shall expect to be treated as prisoners of war." The fight was then recommenced and continued until dark, when the enemy withdrew a short distance and placed a strong picket line around the beleaguered garrison. However, Winn managed to send a message through the lines, with a request to Colonel Harris, at Fort Howe, for reinforcements, but Harris would not run the risk of weakening his own force to grant the request. The next day the besiegers received an addition of 200 men under Colonel Fuser, and again a terrific assault was begun upon the fort. Winn, still hoping for reinforcements, held out until his ammunition was almost exhausted and his provisions reduced to less than one full days rations, when he asked for a personal conference with Colonel Fuser, in which he surrendered, receiving the assurance that he and his men would be protected from Indian treachery. This pledge was not kept by the British commander and Winn and his men escaped through the woods to Fort Howe. 
 
 64 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Fort McPherson, a United States post, situated four miles south of Atlanta, lies along the Central of Georgia railway, and is a postoffice, telegraph and railroad station. The site was selected by Maj-Gen. W. S. Hancock and jurisdiction was ceded by acts of the state legislature, approved Sept. 14, 1885, and Nov. 19, 1886. The work of building the new post was commenced in the summer of 1885, on plans prepared by the quartermaster-general and with funds appropriated by the act of Congress on July 7, 1884, being the sundry civil bill for the construction and enlargement of" mili tary posts. In addition to the funds of annual appropriations of this and subsequent years available for the prosecution of the work, a special appropriation of $75,000 was made by the bill to supply deficiencies for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1889. Fort McPherson was named in honor of the gallant Gen. James B. Mc Pherson who was killed at the battle of Atlanta July 22, 1864. It has quarters for officers and non-commissioned staff officers, barracks for enlisted men, all necessary administrative office build ings, hospital, storehouses, stables, etc., for a command consisting of head-quarters and one regiment of infantry. Water is supplied from drilled wells on the reservation. The post has a complete system of sewerage and the buildings and ground are lighted by electricity. In addition to the Central of Georgia railway an elec tric carline connects the post with the city of Atlanta. The total amount expended for the buildings and improvements from es tablishment of post to February, 1906, is $1,184,963.06. The area of the reservation is 236.41 acres. 
Fort Morris. On July 5, 1776, the Continental Congress passed resolutions to raise two battalions to serve in Georgia; that blank commissions be sent to the Georgia convention to be filled with the names of officers that:the convention might select; that the leg islatures of Virginia and the two Carolinas be recommended to al low citizens of those colonies to enlist in the battalions; that four galleys be built for coast:defense, and that two companies of artil lery of 50 men each be enlisted to garrison two forts to be erected by the state at Savannah and Sunbury. The fort af Sunbury was a heavy earthwork and was located just south of the town on the Medway river. It is said to have been built by slave labor, the planters of the Medway district and Bermuda island joining with the citizens of the town in its construction. When completed it was named Fort Morris, in honor of Captain Morris, who com manded one of the two artillery companies authorized by the reso lutions. In November, 1778, the fort was garrisoned by a force of 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
65 
 
less than 200 men, Continental troops, militia and citizen soldiery, under the command of Col, John Mclntosh. Late in the month several British vessels, bearing about 500 men, heavy cannon, light artillery and mortars, anchored off Colonels island, where the in fantry was landed. The vessels then sailed up the Medway and took a position in front of the fort and in what was known as the "back river" opposite the town. Having disposed his troops ready for an attack Colonel Fuser sent a demand to Mclntosh to surrender the fort. In his reply Colonel Mclntosh said: "We, Sir, are fighting the battles of America, and therefore disdain to remain neutral till its fate is determined. As to surrendering the fort, receive this laconic reply: Come and take it." For this display of bravery in the face of a much larger force than his own, and for his spir ited defense of the fort, the legislature of Georgia presented him with a sword with his "laconic reply" engraved on the blade. Col onel Fuser, instead of attacking waited until he learned from his scouts that Colonel Prevost, with whom he expected to form a junction, had been forced to retreat after the affair at Medway church, (q. v.) Thus deprived of his hope of assistance from Prevost Fuser raised the siege and returned to the St. Johns river. In January, 1779, the fort, with 212 men, 45 pieces of ordnance, 180 muskets, and a considerable quantity of ammunition and quar termasters stores, was surrendered to the British under Gen. Au gustine Prevost by Major Lane, who had succeeded Mclntosh, but not until a spirited resistance had been offered. After the sur render the name was changed by the British to Fort George, in honor of the king. Fort Mountain, a post-village of Murray county, is about thir teen miles east of Dalton, which is the nearest railway station. The population in 1900 was 77. Fort Mudge, a temporary fortification during the Florida war, was on the eastern border of the Okefinokee swamp, about half way between Fort Floyd and Fort Dearborn. It was abandoned as soon as peace was restored. ; Fort Norton was one of the several temporary forts erected during the Florida war. It was about nine miles southeast of Fort Dearborn. Fort Oglethorpe. Prior to 1808 the fortification on the point of land opposite to the Five Fathom Hole, about two miles from the city of Savannah, was known as the "Mud Fort." On May 16, 1808, the land was conveyed to the United States by Nicholas Trumbull, and on the 22d of the following December the Georgia 
5--II 
 
 66 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
legislature made formal cession of jurisdiction to the Federal government. A new fort was erected, named Fort Jackson, in hon or of Gen. James Jackson, and during the war of 1812 it was occu pied by a detachment of the Chatham artillery. About 1833 the fort was destroyed by fire and was not rebuilt until 1842. It is now known as Fort Oglethorpe. 
Fort Pickering was built by authority of the United States gov ernment at the old town of Coleraine in the latter part of the eighteenth century. It .has long since disappeared. 
Fort Pulaski. About 1826 Major Babcock, of the United States engineering corps, selected Cockspur island, at the mouth of the Savannah river, as an eligible site for a fortification to guard the approach by water to the city. Active work was not begun on the fort until 1831, under the direction of Captain Mansfield. It was completed some fifteen ;years later, at a cost of nearly $1,000,000, and was pronounced by military engineers to be one of the best works of its kind in the country. It was named in honor of Count Casimir Pulaski, the gallant Polish general, who fell at the battle of Savannah, Oct. 19, 1799. For some time prior to 1860 the place had been in charge of two men, engaged in keeping down the weeds and taking care of the property. In December, 1860, when it began to look as though war between the North and South was inevitable, General Scott recommended the secretary of war to take measures for the defense of the fort. The suggestion was allowed to pass unheeded and on Jan. 3, 1861, the fort was seized by the Georgia state troops by order of Governor Brown. In addition to the garrison there was a supporting force, part of Gen. A. R. Lawtons brigade, stationed on Tybee island. Late in 1861 Gen. R. E. Lee, was detailed to inspect and report upon the defenses along the coast. He advised the withdrawal of all isolated Confederate forces to the mainland and Lawton took his brigade to Virginia. Soon after the evacuation of Tybee island it was occupied by the Forty-sixth New York infantry and operations were at once begun for the reduction of the fort by cutting off communications with Savannah. Before this movement was completed a four months supply of provisions and a large amount of ammunition was sent to the garrison under the protection of Commodore Tattnall. For three months the Federal troops worked liked beavers in establish ing batteries on Tybee, Long and Bird islands; at Venus Point on Jones Island; and on Decent island near Lazaretto creek. The arrangements were completed early in April and on the 10th Gen. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF, GEORGIA 
 
67 
 
David Hunter sent the following communication to Col. Charles H. Olmstead, commanding the garrison: 
"Sir: I hereby demand of you the immediate surrender and restoration of Fort Pulaski to the authority and possession of the United States. This demand is made with a view to avoiding, if possible, the effusion of blood which must result from the bom bardment and attack now in readiness to be opened. 
The number, caliber, and completeness of the batteries surround ing you leave no doubt as to what must be the result in case of your refusal; and as the defense, however obstinate, must eventual ly succumb to the assailing force at my disposal, it is hoped you may see fit to avert the useless waste of life. 
This communication will be carried to you under a flag of truce by Lieut. J. H. Wilson, U. S. Army, who is authorized to wait any period not exceeding thirty minutes from delivery for your an swer." 
Lieutenant Wilson did not have to wait long for Colonel Olmsteads reply. It came prompt and decisive: "I am here to defend the fort, not to surrender it." This reply was returned to General Hunter who ordered the bombardment to begin. The first gun was fired at 8 :15 on the morning of April 10th and from that time until two oclock in the afternoon of the following day a continual storm of shot an shell poured in upon the fort. A breach was made in the walls at the southeast angle and several shells had found their way into the magazine. All the parapet guns except three were dismounted, the parapet walls on the Tybee side were all gone and the moat was filled with the debris. Under these conditions Colonel Olmstead called a council and the decision in favor of cap itulation was unanimous. The garrison, numbering 390 men were surrendered as prisoners of war, the fort with 47 guns, 40,000 pounds of powder and a large quantity of commissary stores fell into the hands of the victorious army. 
Fort Rosedew (See Fort Beaulieu). Fort St. Andrew. This was one of the early coast defenses erect ed by General Oglethorpe. It stood on a high neck of land at the upper, or north, end of Cumberland island, where it commanded the approaches by water each way. Its walls were of wood, filled between with earth, and with a ditch and palisade surrounding it. Two companies of Oglethorps regiment were stationed there, and in November, 1738, the general took up his headquarters there that he might personally superintend the construction of the military defenses that were then being built. It was while here 
 
 68 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
that an attempt was made upon Oglethorpes life. The fort was then garrisoned by troops sent from Gibraltar. Some of the men became dissatisfied with their rations and attempted to mutiny, but the plot failed and the ringleaders were afterward tried, found guilty and shot. After the Spanish invasion Fort St. Andrew fell into disuse and finally into decay. 
Fort St. Simon. At the south end of St. Simons island General Oglethorpe erected a fortification in 1736, to guard the entrance to Jekyl sound. Adjacent to the fort a camp was laid out and huts were erected for the acommodation of the soldiers. It was named St. Simon and a garrison was maintained there the greater part of the time until after peace was restored between Great Britain and Spain. 
Fort Scott was built early in the nineteenth century on the Flint river, about fifteen miles south of where Bainbridge now stands, and not far from the mouth of Spring creek. During the Seminole war, which broke out in 1817, the Indians threatened the place for some time, but fearly in the year 1818 Gen. Andrew Jack son arrived at the fort with about 1,000 men and drove the Seminoles back into Florida. The fort was abandoned in November, 1821. 
Fort Screven, a United States military post, is located on the north end of Tybee island, at the mouth of the Savannah river and is seventeen miles from the city of Savannah. Jurisdiction over the reservation was ceded to the United States by act of the gener al assembly of Georgia, approved Dec. 22, 1808. The area of the reservation is about 249 acres. The title to it is by nineteen con veyances, dated from May 21, 1875 to Feb. 25, 1904. The post was established March 18, 1898 and by execution order No. 89 was in 1899 named Fort Screven in honor of James Screven (q. v.) Ty bee is the post-office, telegraph and railroad station for the post. Water is supplied from three artesian wells, one six-inch and two three-inch, the depth of each being 150 feet with a capacity of 2,800 gallons each per hour. The quantity is sufficient and the quality excellent. One steel tank, on an elevation of 50 feet, has a capacity of 30,000 gallons, and one on an elevation of 61 feet and 9 inches, has a capacity of 60,000 gallons. The plant has a 35 horse power Vance horizontal tubular boiler and a Worthington donkey pump, with a capacity of 375 gallons per minute. The system was installed in 1899 at a cost of $20,764.82. Fort Screven is provided with a sewer system, draining through 6 and 8 inch pipes into the Atlantic ocean. This was installed in 188!) and has cost $3.175. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
69 
 
The post has quarters for officers, non-commissioned staff officers, barracks for enlisted men, hospital, office buildings, storehouses, etc., for a garrison of three companies of coast artillery and is a fortified sea coast post. Since the establishment of the post the total amount expended for buildings and improvements is $487,027. 
Fort, Tomlinson, physician and legislator, was born on July 14, 1787, in Warren county, where his father, Arthur Fort, settled some time before the Revolution. He received his education at home, subsequently graduating at the Medical University of Penn sylvania, under the celebrated Dr. Rush, and began the practice of his profession at Milledgeyille. In the War of 1812 he com manded a company and received a wound in the knee that made him a cripple for life. For twelve years he served in the state legislature; edited the old Federal Union for several years; was elected representative in Congress in 1826 and served one term ; was for some time president of the Central bank of Georgia, and for twelve years one of the trustees of the state university. In 184& he published a work called "Forts Medical Practice," in which he attacked many of the old errors of his profession, and which marked him as a progressive man. His valuable collection of books and papers was destroyed by the Federal army on its march to the sea. He died at Milledgeville 011 May 17, 1859. 
Fort Tybee. After the capture of Savannah by the British in December, 1778, Colonel: Campbell built a fort on the northern end of Tybee island, not far from the site of the present Fort Screven, where it commanded the approach to the city of Savannah by water. Its guns were first brought into action in September, 1779, when the French fleet under DEstaing appeared off that part of the coast. DEstaing forced a passage across the bar with four of his ships, ordered 700 men to make a landing and assault the fort. Only one of the boats succeeded in getting through the surf, but this mere handful of men made a charge upon the works, only to find that the British had evacuated at their approach and had taken refuge on the other end of the island. 
Fort Tyler was a Confederate fortification near West Point. It was 35 yards square,surrounded by a ditch, situated on an eminence commanding the bridge over the Chattahoochee, and was supplied with four cannon. On April 16, 1865, Colonel LaGrange of Gen. James H. Wilsons ca\ralry force, with three regiments advancing from Opelika, Ala., found a little garrison of 265 Confed erates under Gen. Robert C. Tyler. Tyler and his men repulsed 
 
 70 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the first assault, but the odds were too great and in a second as sault the Federals swarmed over the works, killing Tyler, with 18 of his officers and men, and: wounding 38. The Federal loss was 7 killed and 39 wounded. : 
Fort Valley, the largest town in Houston county, located at the junction of two branches of the Central of Georgia railway, was incorporated by act of the: legislature in 1856. It is the largest peach growing county in the United States and much of its bus iness is connected with the fruit industry. There have been shipped from this town in one season 850 car loads or 450,000 crates of peaches. There are three canning factories in Fort Val ley that have put up 500,000 cans of fruits and vegetables in one season. Fort Valley has express and telegraph offices, water works, a money order post .office with rural free delivery routes, two banks, a good hotel, an attractive business section with sub stantial brick stores, a knitting mill, a cotton gin, factories for turning out crates, baskets, plow handles and vehicles, and an iron foundry. The knitting mill: makes ladies underwear exclusively. There is also a large flour mill, run by water power with patent roller process and having a capacity of forty barrels of flour a day. In addition to the two main lines of the Central of Georgia railway, there is a short branch of the same road connecting Fort Valley with Perry, the county seat, and a branch of the Southern con necting it with Atlanta. This little city is well supplied with churches and schools. The large public school building has an ele gant auditorium for lectures, concerts, etc. Of the annual average receipts of cotton in Houston county, some 25,000 bales, the mer chants and shippers of Fort Valley handle between 8,000 and 10,000. According to the census of 1900 the population of this city was 2,032 and the entire district including the city was 3,986. 
Fort Wayne. During the-Revolution an earthwork was thrown up at the eastern end of Savannah and manned by a battery of artillery. The name of Fort Wayne was given to the place, in honor of Gen. Anthony Wayne. After the Revolution the fort was not used until 1812. In fune of that year Gen. Thomas Pinckney, of the Southern division of the army, visited Savannah and directed the fort to be rebuilt, but after the war of 1812 was over it again fell into disuse and finally disappeared altogether. 
In the fall of 1821 the United States government ordered the erection of another Fort W^yne near the present city of. Bruns wick. The fort was occupied on October 21st of that year and was abandoned in June, 1823. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
71 
 
Fort Wilkins was one of the numerous fortifications erected 
 
along the frontier for protection against Indian forays. It was 
 
built by authority of the United States and was located on the 
 
Oconee river at what was known as the Cumberland ford. 
 
Fort Wilkinson. This fort was built about the close of the eigh 
 
teenth century. It stood on the bank of the Oconee river, about 
 
three miles below Milledgeville, and was named for Gen. James 
 
Wilkinson. It is especially noted in history for the treaty nego 
 
tiated there with the Creeks in June, 1802. 
 
Fort Williams, which was built by Oglethorpe about 1736, stood 
 
at the south end of Cumberland island and is described by McCall 
 
as "a work of considerable regularity and strength, commanding 
 
the entrance to St. Marys." The last act of the Spanish troops 
 
in the invasion of 1742 was to make an assault upon this place, 
 
which was at that time garrisoned by a company of sixty men, 
 
commanded by Ensign Stuart. After three hours hard fighting 
 
the fort was reinforced by Oglethorpe and the assailants with 
 
drew. 
 
Fortson, a village of Muscogee county, is located on the Central 
 
of Georgia railway, about twelve miles northeast of Columbus. 
 
It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, some 
 
stores and does considerable shipping. 
 
Poster, Kinchen R., senior member of 
 
the wholesale grocery firm of K. R. & 
 
R. M. Foster, of Milledgeville, an hon 
 
ored veteran and officer of the Confed 
 
erate service in the Civil war, and a 
 
: citizen who has been prominent in in- 
 
I dustrial, civic and business affairs in 
 
I Georgia for many years, is a native of 
 
that state, having been born on a plan- 
 
:.1IIIf:i^SS:iIii:llIilil tation in Gwinnett county, Feb. 17, 1839. 
 
fllp^tiliiill^l::;:!;^1 He is a son of Robert S. and Margaret 
 
": S:x: ; : : : s;:Si:;: : ::: : ::::;: :; 
 
(Allison) Foster, both of whom were 
 
: 
 
b6rn in South Carolina, where the re 
 
spective families were early founded. Robert S. Foster came to 
 
Georgia when a young man and settled in Gwinnett county, where 
 
his marriage was solemnized. He served two terms as sheriff of 
 
the county, and was a lieutenant in a Georgia command in the 
 
Seminole Indian war. In 1849 he removed to Floyd county, where 
 
his first wife, mother of the subject of this sketch, died, in 1861, 
 
leaving five sons and two daughters, of whom only two now sur- 
 
 72 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
vive, Capt. Kinchen R., of this review, and Hon. John C., of Floyd county. The latter has been a member of the state legislature and served several years as a member of the board of roads and revenues in Floyd county. Robert S. Foster continued a resident of that county until his death, at the age of sixty-eight years. Capt. Kinchen R. Foster was reared to the sturdy disci pline of the plantation, and was afforded the advantages of the schools of Gwinnett and ; Floyd counties during his boyhood and youth. When the war between the states was precipitated he forthwith manifested his loyalty to the cause of the Confederacy, and on Aug. 21, 1861, he : enlisted as first lieutenant in Company K, Twenty-first Georgia volunteer infantry. He took part in many of the important engagements which marked the progress of the great internecine conflict, and among the number may be men tioned the second Manassas, Harpers Ferry, Sharpsburg, second Fredericksburg, Chancellqrsville, Gettysburg, Spottsylvania Court House, and Dairys Bluff and Plymouth, North Carolina. At Winchester, Va., Sept. 19, 1864, he was captured by the enemy, and was held in captivity at Fort Delaware until after the close of the war, receiving his parole as a prisoner of war July 1, 1865. He was promoted to captain of his company at Drurys Bluff, where his former captain was killed, and thereafter he commanded his company until he wa$ captured. After the close of the war Captain Foster located in Chattooga county, Ga., where he be came an extensive planter,; and where he conducted a general mer chandise business on his fine plantation for thirty years, the estab lishment being known far : and wide as "Fosters Store." In 1899 the state prison commission conferred upon him the appointment of superintendent of the newly established prison farm near Milledgeville, and upon him idevolvecl the responsible work of bring ing the farm up to a proper status and of supervising its work. He discharged this duty most ably and acceptably and remained as the administrative officer of the farm four years, at the expiration of which he resigned, in 1903, and located in Milledgeville, where he engaged in the wholesale grocery business, in company with his son Robert M., tinder the title designated in the initial lines of this article. Thejf have built up a very prosperous enter prise in their province, and the captain is also a director of the Milledgeville Banking Company. He is a Democrat in politics, and while a resident of Chattooga county he served as a member of the board of roads and revenues and also as a member of the board of education. He is a member and steward of the Meth- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
73 
 
odist Episcopal church South, and is affiliated with the United 
 
Confederate Veterans. On Oct. 2, 1859, Captain Foster was united 
 
in marriage to Miss Melissa Mayo, who died March 17, 1902. Of 
 
the twelve children of this union seven survive: Mary Ellen is 
 
married and lives in Texas; Carrie is married and is resident of 
 
Alabama; Eugene and Clarence remain in Chattooga county; and 
 
Robert M., William B. and Paul M. are resident of Milledgeville. 
 
Jane 24, 1903, Captain Foster married Mrs. Sallie Clarke, of Mil 
 
ledgeville, and she died on April 23, 1906, leaving him a second 
 
time a widower. 
 
Foster, Nathaniel, G., was born in Greene county in 1809. He 
 
was educated at Franklin college, graduating in 1829. In 1831 
 
he was admitted to the bar and began to practice in Madison, He 
 
was elected to both branches of the state legislature, served for 
 
three years as solicitor-general of the Ocmulgee circuit, and in 
 
1859 was chosen representative in Congress on the American ticket. 
 
Foster, Thomas F., was born in Greene county in 1790. At the 
 
age of twenty-two years he graduated at Princeton college, after 
 
which he studied law at the Litchfield law school and began prac 
 
tice at Greensboro. In 1828 he was elected as a Democrat on a 
 
general ticket to represent his district in the lower house of Con 
 
gress, having previously served as a member of the state legisla 
 
ture. At the close of his first term he was reflected, was again 
 
chosen in 1832 and in 1840 was elected for a fourth time. He died 
 
at Columbus in 1847. 
 
Fosters Mills, a village of Floyd county, is about five miles north 
 
of Cavespring. It has a money order postoffice, with free rural 
 
delivery. The nearest railway station is Yancey, on the Southern 
 
road. 
 
: 
 
Fourteenth Amendment. On June 16, 1866, Congress, after a 
 
lengthy debate, submitted to the legislatures of the several states 
 
an amendment to the Federal constitution giving negroes the 
 
rights of citizenship; prohibiting states from enacting laws abridg 
 
ing the rights or immunties of citizens; providing for a reduction 
 
of the representation in Congress from any state denying the right 
 
to vote to any male over the age of twenty-one years; rendering 
 
ineligible to the office of i congressman or presidential elector a cer 
 
tain class of citizens, and declaring the war debt of the Confederate 
 
States null and void. The admission of the Southern States to the 
 
Union was made contingent upon the ratification of this amend 
 
ment. It caused a heated discussion all over the country and was 
 
violently opposed by the people of Georgia as an encroachment 
 
 74 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
upon their constitutional rights. When the legislature met in November Governor Jenkins devoted a considerable portion of his message to the subject of its ratification and, among other things said: "I ask you to consider, however, why it is that you are called upon to vote upon its adoption, whilst your State had no voice in its preparation? The Constitution secures to the State the one right as distinctly and as positively as the other. Had your Rep resentatives, and those of other States similarly situated, been present, aiding in giving substance and form to it, possibly it might have come before you a less odious thing. 
Should the States especially to be affected by this amendment refuse their assent to it, it cannot be adopted without excluding them from the count and placing its ratification upon the votes of three-fourths of the now dominant States. 
It is said, however, that unless this concession be made, the now excluded States will be kep:t out of the halls of Congress indefinite ly. Were the amendment presented with such a menace distinctly expressed, a higher motive (if possible) than hitherto suggested would prompt its rejection;." 
The whole subject was referred to a joint legislative committee, which reported on November 9th. In that report, written by Col. R. J. Moses, two positions;were laid down as impregnable: "1st. If Georgia is not a state .composing a part of the Federal govern ment, known as the government of the United States, amendments to the Constitution of the United States are not properly before this body. 2nd. If Georgia is a state, composing a part of the Federal government known as the government of the United States, then these amendments are not proposed according to the requirements of the of the Federal Constitution, and are proposed in such a manner as to forbid the legislature from dis cussing the merits of the : amendments without an implied sur render of the rights of the state." 
In the discussion of the premises laid down the report cites the following facts, viz: That Georgia was one of the original thirteen states and assisted in formulating the constitution; that the United States government in refusing to recognize the right of a state to secede had declared that none of the Confederate States had been out of the Union but in a state of insurrection; that the president had declared by proclamation the insurrection to be at an end, that peace reigned throughout the country, and that the laws were to be enforced by the ordinary judicial course; that inasmuch as these things were true Georgia had never been out of the Union, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
75 
 
her Federal relations only being suspended during the insurrection. Upon the recommendation of the committee, the resolution at the conclusion of the report was adopted. It declared "That the leg islature of Georgia declines to ratify the proposed amendment adding a fourteenth article to the constitution of the United States." This resolution was unanimously adopted by the senate and in the house there were but two dissenting votes. 
This ended the first act in the drama. On June 25, 1868, Con gress passed an act setting aside certain provisions of the new con stitution of the state, and requiring the assent to this action, as well as the ratification of the amendment, as conditions of Georgias restoration to statehood. These conditions were accepted by the legislature on July 21st by a vote of 24 to 14 in the senate and 89 to 70 in the house. Many supposed, and all good citizens hoped, that this was the end, but not so. In his message to Congress, Dec. 6, 1869, President Grant said: 
"Seven States which passed ordinances of secession have been fully restored to their places in the Union. The eighth (Georgia) held an election, at which she ratified her constitution, republican in form, elected a Governor, members of Congress, a State Legis lature, and all other officers required. The Governor was duly in stalled, and the Legislature met and performed all the acts re quired of them by the reconstruction acts of Congress. Subse quently, however, in violation of the constitution they had just ratified, as since decided by the Supreme Court of the State, they unseated the colored members of the Legislature, and admitted to seats some members who are disqualified by the third clause of the fourteenth amendment to the Constitution, one article which they themselves had contributed to ratify. Under these circum stances, I would submit ito you whether it would not be wise, without delay, to enact a law authorizing the Governor of Georgia to convene the members originally elected to the Legislature, re quiring each member to take the oath prescribed by the recon struction acts, and none to be admitted who are ineligible tinder the third clause of the fourteenth amendment." 
This reopened the whole case. Such a law as recommended in the message was passed on December 22d, and on the same day Governor Bullock issued^ his proclamation summoning the rnenv bers of the legislature, a$ proclaimed by General Meade on June 25, 1868, to meet at Atlanta on Jan. 10, 1870. Gen. A. H. Terry was appointed commanding general of the district of Georgia under the act of December 22d, and the state was still under military rule, to 
 
 76 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
await the action of the general assembly. In the meantime the fifteenth amendment had been proposed by Congress, and Morton, of Indiana, introduced a bill in the United States senate making the ratification of that, as well as the fourteenth, a prerequisite to the admission of the state into the Union. The fourteenth had been proclaimed by the secretary of state as being part of the Federal constitution on the very day that Georgia first ratified it, but the amendment was ratified a second time on Feb. 2, 1870, which ended the discussion and Georgia was restored to her former position as a sovereign state. (See articles on 13th and loth amendments and on Reconstruction). 
Fouts, a post-hamlet of Gilmer county, is located about twelve miles southwest of Ellijay. The nearest station is Keasley, on the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern railway. 
Fowlstown, a town in the southern part of Decatur county, is at the junction of the Georgia, Florida & Alabama and the Atlantic Coast Line railroads. The population in 1900 was 196. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, some mer cantile interests and is a : shipping point of some importance for that part of the county. 
Frain, Richard A., a prominent retail grocer of Augusta, was born in the city which is;now his home, the date of his nativity having been Jan. 4, 1865. He is a son of Sanders A. and Mary Ann (Stevens) Frain, both of whom were born in County Wexford, Ireland. The father came to America as a young man and located in Augusta, later returning to Ireland, where his marriage was solemnized. He then came to the United States with his bride and again took up his residence in Augusta, where he was engaged in mercantile business until his death, which occurred in 1870, his wife also passing away in the same year, as did also his two brothers, Walter and Richard A., both of whom were res ident of Augusta at the time. The subject of this review was thus a child of but five years when he was doubly orphaned, and he is the only survivor of the immediate family. His father was in the Confederate service as a member of a Georgia regiment during the Civil war. After duly availing himself of the advantages of the common schools of Augusta, Mr. Frain here entered Rich mond academy, where he continued his studies until he had attained the age of sixteen years, though he had commenced to assist in his own maintenance when but seven years old, by working in a local grocery. After leaving school he continued to be employed as a grocery clerk until 1894, since which year he has been established 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
77 
 
in a successful retail grocery business at 1370 Broad street, and he is held in high esteem as a reliable and enterprising business ; man and loyal citizen of his native city. He owns the building : in which his attractive store is located, as well as another store, ' which he rents, the same being utilized as a drug store. He is a Democrat in politics, is a Royal Arch Mason, and both he and his wife are communicants of the Church of the Atonement, Protestent Episcopal. On July 21, 1891, Mr. Frain was united in mar riage to Miss Frances L. Hoops, daughter of John C. Hoops, of Augusta, and they have four children, Richard A., Jr., born April 49, 1892; Harold C., May 21, .1894; George C, Sept. 1, 1899; and Frances Lucille, Sept. 27, 1902. 
Francis, a post-village of Berrien county, is a little west of the Allapaha river, on the Ocilla, Pinebloorn & Valdosta railway. The railroad name is Bostick Station. 
Francisville. Early in the nineteenth century Col. Benjamin Hawkins was appointed agent for the Creek Indians. He estab lished the agency on the left bank of the Flint river, on the line of travel between the cities of Columbus and Macon, and on what is now the western border of Crawford county. A considerable settlement sprang up about the agency, and the place soon became the principal trading post for a large tract of country. Colonel Hawkins died in 1816 and for several years afterward the settle ment showed signs of falling into decay. In 1825 Francis Bacon, who had married the youngest daughter of Colonel Hawkins, lo cated upon the site of the old agency and laid out the town of Francisville. By his intelligence and enterprise he succeeded in building up a town of some proportions, including a wagon fac tory, several stores, churches, a hotel, a post office and a public school. When the railroad from Macon to Columbus was com pleted the town was left some distance north of the line and the merchants abandoned Francisville for more promising fields. Oth er people moved away and in time the place was entirely aban doned. A cotton plantation now occupies the site of the once pros perous village. 
Franklin, the county seat of Heard county, is located on the east bank of the Chattahoochee river, about twelve miles from Hogansville, the nearest station on the Atlanta & West Point rail way. It was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1831. Its charter was amended in : 1874. Franklin has a good court house and jail, a hotel, oil and fertilizer works, some good stores, and a money order post office with rural free delivery. Saw mills oper- 
 
 78 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ated by steam are utilizing the timber that grows in that vicinity. The Chattahoochee and its-creeks afford good water powers and these advantages are improved by flour and grist mills. Public schools afford educational advantages and there are several churches. The Franklin collegiate institute has a good reputation in the town and surrounding county. Acording to the census of 1900 the population of Franklin was 218. 
Franklin county is one of the oldest in the state and from it as originally created, several other counties have been formed. It was named in honor of Benjamin Franklin. Previous to the for mation of Stephens county in August 1905, it was bounded on the northeast by South Carolina, from which it was separated by the Tugaloo river, on the southeast by Hart county, on the south by Madison, on the west by Banks, and on the northwest by Habersham. It is extremely well watered and the lands along the streams produce abundant crops of cotton, corn, potatoes, and the small grains. The timber is principally of the hardwood variety, such as hickory, maple, ash, birch, gum, some pine and the various kinds of oak. The county is engaged to some extent in manufac turing, especially at Carnesville, Lavonia and Royston. Trans portation is furnished by the Elberton & Toccoa division of the Southern railway. The schools, both public and private, are ex cellent. The best known is the Lavonia institute at Lavonia. Near Carnesville, the county seat, are the Franklin Springs, the waters of which are strongly impregnated with iron and which are much resorted to by invalids. This portion of the state was for many years exposed to the assaults of the Indians. Blockhouses and forts were erected in almost every part of the county for pro tection, yet the settlers endured cruelties, the very recital of which would chill the blood. During the Creek war the county furnished an entire company, which was commanded by Captain Morris. One of the earliest settlers of the county was Capt. James Terrell, who, though living in a neighborhood noted for its loyalist ten dencies at the beginning of the Revolutionary war, at once de clared for the colonies and served in the Continental army until disabled by a musket ball which shattered his hip. He died in the county at the advanced age of 77 years. 
Franklin, James D., is one of the extensive planters and prom inent business men of Washington county, maintaining his resi dence in Tennille and being first vice-president of the Farmers bank, of that thriving little city. He was a gallant soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil war, his record in the connection being 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
79 
 
one which was creditable alike to himself and the great State of 
 
Georgia. Captain Franklin was born in Sandersville, Washington 
 
county, Ga., Feb. 17, 1840, and is a son of Samuel Owen and Eliza 
 
(Floyd) Franklin, the former of whom 
 
.::g;tiI8i;;;;-;N : ... 
 
was born in North Carolina and the lat 
 
ter in Georgia. The mother died in 1854, 
 
and the father subsequently contracted 
 
a second marriage, being united to Mrs. 
 
Mary (Charles) Fogarty, who survived 
 
him by a number of years, his death hav 
 
ingOccurred in 1867. The six children 
 
of the first marriage and the five of the 
 
second marriage are still living. Cap 
 
tain Franklin secured his early educa 
 
tional training in his native town and 
 
supplemented this by a. course of study in 
 
a private school in the city of Atlanta, in 1857-8. This school was 
 
maintained under the direction of A. N. Wilson, who was a north 
 
ern man and who joined the Union army at the time of the Civil 
 
war. Captain Franklin saw his former instructor in command 
 
of his regiment at Weldon, N. C., but did not communicate with 
 
him at the time. Captain Franklin has been identified with the 
 
planting industr)r from his youth to the present and has been a 
 
resident of Tennille since ; 1841. When the war between the states 
 
was precipitated he forthwith manifested his loyalty to the cause 
 
of the Confederacy, and in August, 1861, he enlisted as a private in 
 
Company B, Twenty-eighth Georgia volunteer infantry. He pro 
 
ceeded with his command to Virginia, and took part in many of 
 
the sanguinary battles which marked the progress of the great 
 
internecine conflict. He was a participant in the Seven Days 
 
fighting around Richmond, and the battles of Sharpsburg, first 
 
Cold Harbor, Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, Chancel- 
 
lorsville, Mechanicsville and Fort Harrison, as well as the siege 
 
of Petersburg and many other engagements. He was promoted 
 
to second lieutenant in 1868 and was made captain of his company 
 
in 1863. .He was twice wounded, first at Olustee, Fla., in Feb 
 
ruary, 1864, when he received a shot under the eyes, and second 
 
at Fort Harrison, Va., in September, 1864, when he was shot 
 
through the lower part of the body, the wound being so severe as 
 
to incapacitate him for further service. He accordingly received 
 
his honorable discharge, and returned to his home. He main 
 
tains a deep interest in his old comrades and is a member of the 
 
 80 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
United Confederate Veterans. He still has with him his negro body servant, Emanuel Hayes, who was in his service during the entire period of his military career and who cared for him both times when he was wounded. After the war Captain .Franklin re turned to Tennille, where he has ever since been intimately iden tified with agricultural pursuits, and was for many years also en gaged in the mercantile business. Marked success has been his in his various operations, as he is today the owner of one of the best business blocks in Tennille, and the owner of a fine landed estate of 1,000 acres, adjoining the town. This plantation is conceded to be one of the best in Washington county. He is first vice-presi dent of the Farmers bank, of Tennille, one of the solid and popular financial institutions, of this part of the state. He is a stanch ad herent of the Democratic party and is a citizen of notable public spirit, being held in unqualified esteem in his native county. On Nov. 19, 1874, he was united in marriage to Miss Ella E., daughter of George E. and Elizabeth (Sessions) Boatwright, of Washington county. They have five children, namely: George H., Sallie E., Ella Elizabeth, James P., Jr., and Samuel Owen. Sallie E. is the wife of C. W. Melton, and Ella E. is the wife of J. E. Melton. The J. D. Franklin Chapter, Daughters of the Confederacy, at Tennille, is named in honor of Captain Franklin. 
Fraud. The Georgia statute of frauds covers contracts, awards, judgments, sales, wills and marriages, when the same are pro cured or brought about: by misrepresentations. Promissory notes obtained by fraud are void so long as they remain in the hands of the person who procured them. Under the statute the following obligations, to b& binding, must be in writing: 1st, A promise of an executor, guardian, trustee or administrator to answer in damages from his own estate; 3d, A promise to answer for anoth ers debt or default; 3dj An agreement made upon consideration of marriage under certain conditions; 4th, A contract for the sale or lease of real estate; 5th, Agreements that are not to be per formed within one year; 6th, Promises to revive debts barred by the statute of limitations; 7th, Contracts for the sale of goods, etc., to the amount of $50 or more, except in certain cases; 8th, Acceptances of bills of exchange. 
Fraudulent Bonds. By reference to the article on "Finances of the State" it will be seen that soon after the expiration of the re construction era a legislative committee recommended that a num ber of the state bonds and indorsements issued or given during that baneful period be declared null and void. The history of 
 
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these so-called repudiated liabilities, as disclosed by the investi gations of the committee, is as follows. The last reconstruction legislature cost the state $979,055. Toward the close of the term it became evident that there was not money enough in the state treasury to defray the expenses. On Aug. 27, 1870, the assembly passed an act authorizing a bond issue to meet the exigency, and Governor Bullock issued currency bonds to the. amount of $2,000,000 to raise money by hypothecation. On September 15th the leg islature passed an act providing for an issue of quarterly gold bonds, to take up the currency bonds "and for other purposes." Under this act the governor issued $3,000,000 of gold bonds, but in the investigation it was discovered that $1,500,000 of the cur rency bonds had not been redeemed as prescribed by law. Of these outstanding bonds Henry Clews held $800,000, Russell Sage $530,000, H. I. Kimball had negotiated $120,000 for a loan from J. B. Johnston & Co., and $50,000 for a loan from the Fulton bank, of Brooklyn, N. Y. As these bonds should have been surrendered by the holders in exchange for the gold bonds, the general as sembly held that their failure to do so rendered the obligations null and void, and so enacted. 
Of the $5,733,000 of railroad bonds indorsed by the state the Brunswick & Albany road held $3,300,000, and to the same com pany had been made a, second issue of gold bonds, amounting to $1,880,000. The committee reported, in the case of this road, that bonds had been issued fifteen or twenty miles in advance of con struction ; that the bonds had been indorsed by Governor Bullock without date; that in :every instance the indorsements had been given before the amount of road required by law had been com pleted ; that certificates: were prepared in blank by the engineer and filled at pleasure, as occasion required; that 1,680 of the bonds had been signed by one Frost after he had ceased to be president of the company; that for $1,125,000 of the bonds there was no road to show; and that there was a debt of $3,000,000 against the cor poration, which raised a doubt as to whether any of the indorsed bonds had been rightfully applied. Under these circumstances the legislature declared the state released from all legal obligations in connection with said bonds and indorsements. 
The Bainbridge, Cuthbert & Columbus railroad issued $600,000 of bonds, of which $240,000 were indorsed by the governor, the secretary of state to sign the same when twenty miles of road were completed. The road was never constructed and the entire issue of bonds were consequently declared null and void. 
6 II 
 
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In the case of the Cartersville & Van Wert road two sets of bonds received the indorsement of the state. The first, of $300,000, was issued while the company was operating under the name of the Cherokee Railroad Company, and the second, of $275,000, was indorsed after the name was changed to the Cartersville & Van Wert. The testimony brought out before the investigating committee revealed the fact that the road was not constructed at the time the bonds were indorsed and the committee submitted a bill, which was subsequently passed, declaring them void. 
When the gold bonds were issued $1,750,000 of them were placed in the hands of Henry Clews for negotiation. The com mittee reported $102,000 of these bonds as still in the possession of Clews, but unsold, and recommended their cancellation, which was acordingly done. When the report of the committee was made public the Georgia bond question became a subject for national dis cussion. Wild and extravagant charges of dishonesty and bad faith were indulged in by numerous partisan newspapers, and dire pre dictions were made that the;: credit of the state would be seriously impaired, if not irretrievably ruined by such a procedure. Many of the articles that appeared: in the columns of the press made no attempt to distinguish betwren the disavowal of an honest debt and the refusal to recognize;! an illegal claim. The holders of the invalid bonds exerted every: effort to prevent the nullification of their securities. They and their supporters talked learnedly of the "sanctity of contracts," but seemed to lose sight of the fact that the railroad companies had:not complied with the requirements of the statutes authorizing the bonds or indorsements, and, there fore, had not kept their side of the contract inviolate. Crimination and recrimination. were freely bandied back and forth, and in re turn to the charge of repudiation the bondholders and state of ficials connected with the bond issues were accused of corruption and intrigue. 
The total amount of bonds and indorsements declared invalid by the legislature was $7,957,000. The term repudiation, in any evil sense does not apply to ;!the action of the state in renouncing the payment of the disputed.:bonds. 
The question came up again in the session of 1873. While it was before that assembly Col. Thomas L. Snead, of New York, a man who had rendered great assistance to the committee in its inquiry,, came forward with the following proposition in the way of a com promise on the part of the bondholders: "If the state will agree to pay to the holders of the state bonds which have been de- 
 
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clared null and void, the sums which these holders have, actually, and in perfect good faith advanced or paid for these bonds (that is to say, about $1,500,000 and interest), these parties will guar antee that such action of the state will completely re-establish the credit of Georgia, and enable it to borrow, at seven per cent, per year, all the money which it may need. 
"They also desire that the legislature shall declare the readiness of the state to carry out its promises as to the indorsement of the first mortgage bonds of the Brunswick & Albany Railroad Com pany and the Cherokee Valley Railroad Company, so far, and only so far, as the state is now constitutionally and lawfully bound by such promises; when these companies shall have complied with all of the requirements of the constitution and laws of Georgia, and shall have -completed their respective roads." 
In submitting this compromise proposition Colonel Snead stated that he represented the foreign as well as the American bond holders ; that the proposal was made on the part of bankers and capitalists who owned more of the valid bonds of Georgia than they did of the disputed securities, and that if the state accepted the offer the holders would turn over every bond which had been de clared null and void. Its acceptance meant that the state would have to issue about $1,600,000 seven per cent, currency bonds to the holders of the dead securities and receive in exchange the bonds with accrued interest amounting, according to Colonel Sneads estimate, to $8,435,000. The proposition was discussed from one end of the state to the other by men in all walks of life. Opinion was divided as it always is: in such cases, but the majority seemed to be opposed to the acceptance of any compromise, so the acts of 1871 were permitted to remain in full force and effect. The con stitution of 1877 settled the matter for all time to come. Section XI, Article VII, provides that "The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money, either directly or indirectly, to pay the whole or any part of the principal or interest of the bonds, or other obligations, which have been pronounced illegal, null and void by the General Assembly, and the constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the first day of May, 1877; nor shall the General Assembly have authority to pay the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late war between the States, nor any of the bonds, notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war, the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States; 
 
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nor shall the General Assembly pass any law, or the Governor or other State official enter into any contract or agreement, whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in any Court of this State, or of the United States, instituted to test the validity of any such bonds or obligations." 
The predictions that the credit of the state would be injured by the repudiation of the bonds have not been verified. Since the adoption of the constitution containing the above positive declar ation a large portion of the bonded debt has been refunded at a much lower rate of interest and the bonds have brought better prices in the market. 
Frazier, an incorporated town of Pulaski county, is about twelve miles east of Hawkinsville and not far from the Dodge county line. It has a money order postoffice and some small business enter prises. The population in 1900 was 68. Empire, on the Southern railway, is the nearest station. 
Freda, a post-hamlet of Lumpkin county, is about six miles northwest of Dahlonega.* The nearest railway station is Jasper, on the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern road. 
Frederica, on the west side of St. Simons island, near the mouth of the Altamaha river, was settled in February, 1736, and was named in honor of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and only son of George II. The town was laid out by General OgJethorpe, with wide streets, crossing each other at right angles and planted with rows of orange trees. A fort was erected and the place became the favorite residence of Oglethorpe. During the Spanish invasion the place was threatened, but the Spaniards were driven off. When Governor Reynolds visited Frederica in 1755 he found the town practically in ruins. It was never rebuilt and, like other early towns, lives only in history. 
Frederica County. It may not be generally known that there was once a county in Georgia by this name, but after the settle ments and forts were fully established along the southern frontier a new county was laid out and called Frederica. Prior to that time there had been but one county, that of Savannah, in the col ony. In April, 1741, Col William Stephens, who for several years had served as secretary to the trustees, was made president of Savannah county, but as General Oglethorpe spent the greater part of his time at Frederica no president was appointed for that county. 
Free Homes, a post-village in the eastern part of Cherokee county, is about twelve miles from Canton. Ball Ground, on the 
 
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Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern, is the most convenient railroad Station. 
Freeman, James C., was born in Jones county in 1820. He re ceived a limited education and when he reached maturity became a planter. He was opposed to secession and after the close of the war was elected representative in Congress on the Republican ticket, serving from 1872 to 1874. 
Freemans Fort was a small stockade fortification in Elbert county during the days of the Revolution. It is mentioned in his tory as the place where Colonel Clarkes men rendezvoused at the close of their twenty days furlough, which had been granted them on account of the treachery of General Williamson. 
Freemansville, a post-village of Milton county, is about six miles north of Alpharetta. The population in 1900 was 113, Can ton, on the Atlanta, Knoxville- & Northern railroad, is the nearest station. 
Freemasons. (See Masons). French, a post-hamlet of Jefferson county, is a station on the Wadley & Mt. Vernon railroad, about thirteen miles southwest of Louisville. Fretwell, Charles Edward, is the junior member of the firm of John W. Fretwells Sons, dealers in books and stationery, at No. 9 Bay street, west, in the city of Savannah, which has been his home from the time of his birth. A personal tribute to his hon ored father, the late :John W. Fretwell, is incorporated in this work, so that further reference to the genealogy and family history is not demanded at this juncture. Charles E. was born in Savan nah, Dec. 30, 1873, and was here reared and educated, having left school at the age of fifteen years, when he entered the Chatham bank, in the capacity:of clerk, initiating his services on the day when the bank opened its doors for business. He remained in the employ of this well known Savannah institution for a period of seven years, during the last two of which he was corresponding clerk. In 1898 he resigned his position in the bank to identify himself with the book: and stationery business of his father, since whose death, in 1904, he has been associated with his elder brother, William W., in continuing the large and important business which the concern has long controlled. He is aligned as an uncompro mising supporter of the cause of the Democratic party, and is identified with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. 
 
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Fretwell, John Wesley, whose death occurred in the city of Sa vannah, on the morning of Jan. 6, 1904, was one of the representa tive business men and honored citizens of Savannah, where he was long engaged in the book and stationery business, having been at the head of the extensive enterprise which is now conducted un der the title of John W. Fretwells Sons. His life was character ized by sterling integrity of purpose and he stood as a type of useful and noble citizenship, commanding the respect and confi dence of all with whom he came in contact. Capt. John Wesley Fretwell was born in Fort Valley, Houston county, Ga., Sept. 10, 1847, his parents having been well known residents of that sec tion, where his father was a successful planter. He received a good common-school education and left school when fourteen years of age to go forth in the service of the Confederate States, which had taken up arms in defense of their inherent rights. He enlisted in Company E, Fifty-fourth Georgia volunteer infantry, as a drummer boy, and he remained with his command until it was cut off by the Union forces at Frankfort, Ky. He remained in that state about a year after the war closed, being there en gaged in the livery business. In 18G6 he disposed of his interests in this line and returned to his native state, locating in Savannah, which continued to be his home until he was called from the scene of lifes endeavors. During the first three years of his residence here he was employed as bookkeeper by R. A. Wallace, and he then became associated with William N. Nichols in the printing and stationery business, under the firm name of Fretwell & Nichols. This alliance continued for a quarter of a century, when the partnership was dissolved and Captain Fretwell engaged in dependently in the stationery business, in which he successfully continued until his death, building up a large and prosperous trade and making for himself an unassailable reputation as an able and honorable business man and loyal citizen. He was an uncom promising Democrat in his political proclivities but never sought the honors or emoluments of pubic office. He was a valued mem ber of Company A, Savannah Volunteer Guards, for many years, filling all minor offices in the same and then being made captain of the company, holding this office at the time of his retirement. He was a trustee of Golden Rule Lodge, Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and was a member of Trinity Methodist Episcopal church. His remains were laid to rest in Bonaventure cemetery, and the city of Savannah recognized in his death the loss of one of its worthy citizens and influential business men. In 1870 Cap- 
 
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tain Fretwell was united in marriage to Miss Ellen Howard Jones, of Beaufort, S. C., who survives him, as do also their nine children, namely: William Wallace and Charles Edward, who are in dividually mentioned in this work; Mary L., who is the wife of Fred R, Howard; Lela Ellen, who is the wife of Gary Rogers; Meta, who is the wife of J. R. Koerper; and Ethel Cleveland, Lou ise, John Wesley, and Howard Jones. All the children are resi dents of Savannah. 
Fretwell, William Wallace, senior member of the firm of John W. Fretwells Sons, dealers in books and stationery, Savannah, was born in this city, Dec. 7, 1871, being the eldest of the nine living children of the late John W. Fretwell, of whom a memoir appears in this publication. William W. Fretwell secured his earlier educational discipline in the public schools of Savannah and supplemented this by a course of study in the Bradwell insti tute, at Hinesville, Liberty county, an institution conducted by Captain Samuel D. Bradwell, one of the able educators of the state. At the age of sixteen years Mr. Fretwell left school and began his busines career as a clerk in the stationery store of the firm of Fretwell & Nichols, of which his father was the senior member. This partnership was finally dissolved, and thereafter John W. Fretwell conducted the enterprise individually until his death, Jan. 6, 1904, since which time the business has been con tinued by his two sons, William W. and Charles E., under the title noted in the opening of this article. The establishment of the firm is one of the largest of the sort in the city, and three floors are devoted to the accommodation of the stock and to the salesroom, the location of the house being No. 9 Bay street, west. The Fretwell brothers are reliable, progressive and able young business men and are maintaining the high prestige which their concern has enjoyed for so many years, proving worthy successors to their honored father. William W. Fretwell is a stanch Democrat and in a fraternal way is identified with the Order of Eagles and Golden Rule Lodge, No. 12, Independent Order of Odd Fellows. On Sept. 6, 1899, Mr. Fretwell was united in marriage to Miss Lorena Gertrude Cox, of Meldrim, Effingham county, Ga.. where her father, Francis Marion Cox, is now serving as postmaster. She was born at Excelsior, Bullock county, Ga. 
Friendship, a village in the northwest corner of Sumter county, is not far from the Schley county line. The population in 1900 was 62. It has a money order postoffice and is a trading center 
 
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for the neighborhood. Ellaville, on the Central of Georgia, is the nearest railroad station. 
Frolona, a village of Heard county, is located about ten miles northwest of Franklin. It has a money order postoffice, and is a trade center for the surrounding country. Roanoke, Ala., is the nearest railroad station. 
Fulcher, William M., clerk of the su perior court of Burke county and head of the insurance and brokerage firm of W. M. Fulcher & Co., of Waynesboro, was born on a farm in that county, Dec. 3, 1858. In the same county were born his parents, Vincent W. and Eloise (Wimberly) Fulcher, the former on Feb. 13, 1814, and the latter April 26, 1825. The father, who was a planter by vocation, is deceased, and his widow is still Jiving, wonderfully well preserved in mind and physical powers, though eighty-one years of age, in 1906. Her husband was never con fined to his bed by illness until the day prior to his death, which occurred April 18, 1889. They became the parents of six sons and six daughters, and of the number five sons and three daughters are living, two of the sons having been loyal soldiers of the Con federacy in the Civil war. The subject of this sketch was a child at the time of the war, but he was identified with the state militia for a number of years, having been for four years captain of the Burke light infantry, constituting Company E, First regiment of Georgia state troops. Captain : Fulcher had practically no specific educational advantages in his youth, as he was reared in the period of great depression in the south after the Civil war, the family fortunes having reached the lowest ebb, so that he had no oppor tunity to attend school. By observation, absorption and practi cal experience he has made good to a large degree this handicap of his youth, and,is a man of broad information and strong men tality. At the age of fifteen years he started forth to fight the battle of life on his own responsibility. For several months he was manager of a country store and later he was employed as sales man in a store in the city of Augusta. He then went west, pass ing one summer in the city of St. Louis, Mo., where he was em ployed as a solicitor. Upon his return to Waynesboro he became a clerk in the general store of his brother Julian L., and four years 
 
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later formed a partnership, under the firm name of J. L. Fulcher & Bro. This partnership continued five years when Captain Fulcher withdrew from the firm and became manager of the Waynesboro Supply Company, retaining this position two years, at the expira tion of which, in 1895, he engaged in his present line of enterprise, insurance and general brokerage, in which he has been very suc cessful. In 1904 he admitted to partnership his brother Vincent M. and also Arthur F. Evans, and the business has since been con ducted under the title of W. M. Fulcher & Co. In politics the captain is a stanch supporter of the cause of the Democratic party, and he has been called to offices, of public trust. He was a mem ber of the board of aldermen of Waynesboro for six years; served an equal period as registrar of Burke county; was elected clerk of the superior court in 1902; was chosen as his own successor in 1904 and is the present incumbent of the office. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained to the rank of Knight Templar, is also identified with the Mystic Shrine, and is past master of his lodge and past high priest of his chapter. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church South, and is a steward of the Waynesboro church of this denomination as well as superintendent of its Sunday school. Mrs. Fulcher holds mem bership in the Presbyterian church. On Dec. 21, 1898, Captain Fulcher was united in marriage to Miss Sadie Dent, daughter of Dr. James M. Dent, a representative physician of Waynesboro, and they have one son, William M., Jr., born Sept. 23, 1902. 
Fuller, Samuel D., was one of the most honored and influential citizens of Wil- 
cox county, was called upon to serve in 
many offices of distinction and was one 
of the most extensive planters of this 
section of the state. He was a loyal soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil 
war, having been captain of his com 
pany. He was a member of the state 
senate at the time of his death, and was 
in attendance at the session of the legis 
lature when the final summons came, 
his: death having occurred in the city of Atlanta, Oct. 18, 1885. Captain Fuller was born in Baldwin county, Ga., March 18, 1828, and was a son of Samuel and Eleanor (Kendrick) Fuller, the former of whom was born in Robeson county, N. C., and the latter in Columbia county, Ga. Both passed 
 
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the closing years of their lives in Wilcox county, this state. Sam uel Fuller, the father, was a successful teacher for a number of years, having come to Columbia county, Ga., when a young man and having removed to Milledgeville after his marriage. The subject of this memoir was afforded the advantages of the schools of Bibb county, where he was reared to maturity and where he initiated his business career a career of magnificent and worthy success along normal lines of enterprise. He was engaged in agricultural pursuits in Bibb county until 1852 when he removed to that part of Irwin county which is now included in Wilcox county, where he continued to reside during the remainder of his long and useful life. At the time of his death he owned about 10,000 acres of land, the greater portion being in Wilcox county. He was a man of great financial acumen and ability and accumu lated a fortune. Genial and generous, kindly and charitable, his was a noble and symmetrical character, and he held as his own the unqualified confidence and esteem of all who knew him. No resident of Wilcox county had a wider or more loyal circle of friends, and his tolerance and charity were proverbial in the com munity. He was a stanch supporter of the principles of the Democratic party and was influential in public affairs in his county and state. Prior to the Civil war he served four years on the bench of the county court, resigning this office to go forth in de fense of the cause of the Confederacy. In March, 1862, he was mustered into the service as a member of Company E, Forty-ninth Georgia infantry, and he continued with this command until the close of the war, being promoted captain of his company and mak ing a record of loyal and able service. After the war he returned to his home plantation, nine miles south of Abbeville, and after the odious "carpet-bag" regime had terminated in the state he was elected to represent his county in the state legislature, serving al most continuously from that time until his death, and having been a valued member of the state senate at the time of his demise, as already noted. He was a devout and zealous member of the Mis sionary Baptist church, as was also his wife, who survived him by a number of years. On Dec. 25, 1849, Captain Fuller was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Bowman, daughter of Royal and Susan (Windsor) Bowman, of North Carolina, and of the six chil dren of this union all died in infancy except Frances Eleanor, who is the wife of James R. Monroe, of Abbeville, subject of an in dividual sketch in this work. 
 
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Fulsoms Fort. This was a small stockade fort, in Wilkes county, not far from Wrightsboro. Shortly after the defeat of the British at Kettle creek a body of Creek Indians, under the command of Tate and McGillivray, Indian agents in the employ of the British, encamped near the fort. Colonels Pickens, Dooly and Clarke decided to attack them and a reconnoisance was sent forward to learn their strength. The scouts reported the force of the enemy at 800 and Pickens made a rapid night march in the hope of surprising them at daylight. The savages, however, re ceived notice of his approach and broke up into small parties, scattering in all directions. In the pursuit which followed a num ber of the Indians were killed and the Americans lost three men. The defeat, coming so closely after Kettle creek, thoroughly dis heartened the Indians and quiet was restored for a time to that part of Georgia. 
Fulton, Charles F., one of the repre sentative real-estate men of Savannah, was born in this historic old city, on Dec. 8, 1870,, and is a son of Capt. Jo seph E. and Lela A. (Fraser) Fulton. The former was a captain in the Con federate army and was formerly en gaged in the real-estate business in Savannah, where he died in 1901, having been a son of Silas Fulton, a resident of Savannah. Lela A. (Fraser) Fulton, is a native of Georgia and still maintains her home in Savannah. She is a daugh ter of Capt. James Fraser, who was an officer in the Confederate service during the Civil war, having commanded a company of Georgia volunteers. Charles F. Fulton has been a resident of Sa vannah from the time of his birth, and to the city schools he is indebted for his educational discipline, graduating in the high school as a member of the class of 1887. He gained his initial ex perience in the real-estate business through association with his father, while he has been individually engaged in this line of en terprise about fifteen years, during which he has been most suc cessful, having well equipped offices at No. 18 Bryan street East. He is president of the Citizens Trust Company, is a director of the Georgia Historical Society, a member of the board of man agers of the Telfair Art Society, and a member of the directorate of the Savannah Young Mens Christian Association. He is a 
 
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Knight-Templar Mason and a member of the Ancient Arabic Or der of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and has the distinction of being a past-master of Solomon Lodge, No. 1, Free and Ac cepted Masons, the oldest Masonic lodge in the State of Georgia, while he is also past district deputy of the Masonic grand lodge of the state and a trustee of the Masonic Home, at Macon. He is also affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, is a member of the Savannah Yacht club, and both he and his wife are members of the Baptist church. In 1892 Mr. Fulton was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Adams, of Savannah, daughter of William B. Adams and a sister of Hon. Samuel B. Adams, of this city. They have four children, Lela, Harold A., Charles E. and Elizabeth. 
Fulton County was set off from DeKalb in 1853 and was named for Robert Fulton, the inventor of the steamboat. It is situated a little northwest of the center of the state and is bounded on the north by Milton county, on the east by DeKalb, on the south by Clayton and Campbell;, and on the west by Campbell and Cobb. The Chattahoochee riv.er flows across its northwestern border and numerous small streams cross the county. Along the Chattahoo chee the water-power is very considerable and notwithstanding there are numerous factories already in operation a very small percentage of this power is utilized. The surface is rolling and the soil a red clay, with gray gravelly ridges and bottoms. The various grasses and grains are cultivated, but by far the greater part of the land under tillage is devoted to the raising of fruit and vegetables for the market. There are thousands of apple, peach, pear and plum trees, and dairying, bee-keeping and poultry farm ing claim much attention. The timber, chiefly oak and walnut, is used in the shops which require fine woods. Copper, iron pyrites, asbestos and gold are found, but are not mined. The clays, how ever, are profitable, used for the manufacture of terra cotta and brick. Near Atlanta are mineral springs of great value. The Lithia waters of Georgia are of superior quality and are in great demand all over the United States. The business of b6ttling and barreling these waters has become a feature in the industries of the county. Atlanta, the county seat, is also the capital, as well as the railroad and commercial center of the state. Although it can claim none of the advantages to be derived from water trans portation, all the great: railroad lines of the South converge here and from Atlanta as a center, radiate north, south, east and west, to all parts of the United States. Other important towns of the county are College Park, East Point, Hapeville and Hemphill. 
 
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The public schools are especially fine and there are a number of private schools and colleges of high grade. 
Funston, a post-hamlet of Colquitt county, is about ten miles west of Moultrie, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Furlong, James F., of Savannah, is a native of that city, where he was born on July 29, 1857, being a son of Thomas and Ann (Kirbar) Furlong, both of whom were born in Ireland. Their marriage occurred in the early 60s, in the city of Savannah, where their acquaintanceship was formed. The father died in this place in 1876, and his widow passed away in 1898, both having been de voted communicants of the Catholic church. Of their seven chil dren only two are living, Tames F. and William F. One son, Rob ert, was a member of the Chatham Artillery in the Spanish-Ameri can war, and while in the service was severely kicked by a horse, the injury necessitating an operation and culminating in his death. James F. Furlong attended the public schools of Savannah until he was about sixteen years of age, early taking up the active re sponsibilities of life, by entering upon an apprenticeship at the blacksmiths trade and making a specialty of the horseshoeing branch. In this line he became a specially skilled artisan, and for years he has had the reputation of being one of the most expert workmen of the sort to be found in the South. For three years, ending when he was twenty-two years of age, he traveled through out all sections of the Union with Prof. O. R. Gleason, the famous horse trainer, being retained in this gentlemans employ by reason of his great skill in shoeing horses. In 1882, at the age of twentyfive years, he engaged in business for himself, in Savannah, where he has since remained and where he was the senior member of the firm of Furlong & Spalding, his associate being Randolph Spalding until Jan. 1, 1906, when the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Furlong now conducting the business alone. He occupies a large brick block, two stories and basement, with frontage on West Con gress, St. Julien and Montgomery streets, where he has the best of facilities and controls a large business, as general blacksmith, wagon-maker, wheelwright, etc. He makes a specialty of fine horse shoeing, and his trade in this line is enormous, being prac tically as great as that of all other local shops combined. In his political allegiance Mr. ^Furlong is a stanch Democrat, and he and his family are communicants of the Catholic church, being identi fied with the parish of the Church of the Sacred Heart. He is affiliated with the Ancient Order of Hibernians. In 1882 Mr. Furlong was united in marriage to Miss Kate Green, daughter of 
 
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Dennis Green, of Augusta, Ga. They have three sons, James F., Jr., Joseph J., and Thomas A. The first mentioned served as a member of the Chatham Artillery in the Spanish-American war, : and is now manager of the branch of the Cudahy Packing Com- : panys business in Mobile, Ala. Joseph J. is foreman of the horse shoeing department for his father, and Thomas A. is a student in the Benedictine college, in Savannah. 
 
G 
Gabbettville, a village of Troup county, is located on the Atlanta & West Point railway, a little east of the Chattahoochee river. It has a money order postoffice, with free rural delivery, express and telegraph offices, some mercantile interests and does considsiderable shipping. The population in 1900 was 57. 
Gaddistown, a post-village of Union county, is on the Toccoa river, about thirteen miles southwest of Blairsville. The popu lation in 1900 was 48. Whitepath, on the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern railroad, is the most convenient station. 
Gaillard, a post-hamlet of Crawford county, is a station on the Southern railway about seven miles southeast of Knoxville. 
Gaines, Edmund Pendjeton, soldier, was born in Culpepper county, Va., in 1777. As a lieutenant in the regular army he served on the frontier and. was connected with the arrest of Aaron Burr. He resigned his commission in 1811, but when the second war with England began he reentered the service and for his gal lant defense of Fort Erie in 1814 was made a brigadier-general. He was wounded in this engagement and in addition to his promo tion he received a vote of thanks and a gold medal from Congress. Subsequently he was engaged in the Indian wars in Georgia and in 1816 directed a fort to be built where the town of Fort Gaines, the county seat of Clay county, now stands. Although not a na tive of Georgia he played an important part in her Indian difficul ties, and his name is one Entitled to a place in her history. He died in 1849. 
Gainesville, the county seat of Hall County, was incorporated in 1831 and named in honor of Gen. Edmund P. Games, who par ticipated in the Indian wars in Georgia. In 1872 the charter was amended and Gainesville was made a city. Upon the completion of the Atlanta & Charlotte Air-line railroad (now the Southern) from Atlanta to the Carolina line, soon after the close of the Civil war, old towns along its line, hitherto without railroad connec tion, began to take on a rapid growth and new towns sprang into- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
95- 
 
. -being. Among the old towns Gainesville soon took a place in the front rank, a position she has ever since maintained. Situated : fifty-three miles from Atlanta, it is far enough from the great cen ter of Georgia enterprise to have some independent territory of its own and has not been slow to profit by this advantage. The Gainesville, Jefferson & Southern railway by one branch connects the city with Winder, Monroe and Social Circle and by another with Jefferson all prosperous towns. Gainesville has express and telegraph offices, a money order postoffice with ruralfree de livery, a court house valued at $75,000, an electric light plant and water works owned by the city, four banks, good hotels, and many flourishing business houses, all of the stores in the business section being goad, substantial brick buildings. The streets are for the most part macadamized, and there are many handsome residences. Among the many manufacturing establishments are two tanneries, four planing mills, three sash, blind and furniture factories; three wagon, carriage and buggy factories; one ice fac tory, one furniture and chair factory, one steam laundry, one iron foundry and machine shop, lime works, five brick works, one paper box factory, one pottery, a cotton seed oil mill, three cotton mills, and the shops of the Gainesville, Jefferson & Southern railway. The cotton factories represent a capital of $2,000,000. In all these various manufactories are employed between two and three thou sand people. Gainesville handles annually about 30,000 bales of cotton. The North Georgia Electric Power Company has twoplants, one at the Chattahoochee river, the other at the Chestatee river, the latter being fifteen miles from the city and supplying the power for the North Georgia Electric Railway Company, which has a first class system of street railroads on the chief business and residence streets of the city, extending out to New Holland Springs on the north, and to the plant of the electric power com pany on the Chattahoochee river. There are in Gainesville ten churches, seven for white people and three for negroes, represent ing the Baptist, Methodist, Presbyterian and Episcopalian denom inations ; and an excellent: public school system. In the schools for whites the enrollment is about one thousand, and in those for negroes something over four hundred. Gainesville is also the site of Brenau Female College. In 1905 the population of the city, including its factory suburbs, was about 8,000. 
Galloway, a post-hamlet: of Fannin county, is a short distance north of Murphy junction.: 
 
 96 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Galphin, George, one of the early Indian traders, had his trad ing house at Silver Bluff, a few miles below Augusta, on the Caro lina side of the Savannah river, but his dealings were largely with the Indians of Georgia. In accordance with a custom then pre vailing he sold goods on credit to these Indians until they became indebted to him to the extent of some $45,000. By the terms of the treaty of June 1, 1773, certain Indian lands in Georgia were to be sold and the proceeds applied to the liquidation of their in debtedness. Galphin filed his claim along with other traders. Before payment was made the Revolutionary war broke out and he promptly took sides with the colonists. The Tory traders re ceived their money and Galphin was promised his if he would espouse the British cause. But he preferred independence and poverty to the collection of his claim at the sacrifice of his princi ples. After the war he applied to the United States for relief, but his petition was twice denied, and it was not until 1848 that his heirs realized anything on ;the claim that had stood so long. The old town of Galphinton was named in his honor. 
Gamble, Roger L., was born in Jefferson county, studied law, and after being admitted to the bar began to practice at Louis ville. In 1832 he was elected to represent his district in Congress as a State Rights Democrat. He was defeated in the race for reflection two years later,: but was elected as a Harrison Whig in 1842. He was subsequently elected judge of the superior court of his circuit and died at Louisville in December, 1847. 
Gamble, Roger L., one of the repre sentative jurists of Jefferson county, has, been engaged in the practice of his pro fession in Louisville, the county seat, for many years, and served for eight years on the bench of the superior court of the middle circuit of the state. He was solicitor-general of Georgia for one term and has been a prominent figure in public affairs in his county and state. Judge Gamble was born on a plantation near Louisville, May 30, 1851, and is a son of Col. Roger L. and Martha R. (Gobert) Gamble, both of whom were likewise native of Jeffer son county. Colonel Gamble, who was a man of wealth and in fluence, owned extensive plantations and was one of the well known and honored citizens of Jefferson county. He died in 
 
 . CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
9? 
 
March, 1893, and his widow now resides in the city of Augusta, : with her daughter, Mrs. W. H. Doughty, Jr. Colonel Gamble was : a son of Hon. Roger L. Gamble, who was a leading lawyer and : jurist of Georgia, which state he represented in Congress. The 
family is of English lineage and the original founders in America located in the state of Virginia, in the colonial era. Judge Roger L. Gamble secured his earlier educational discipline in Louisville academy, later attended Richmond academy, in the city of Au gusta, and then continued his studies in private schools, one hav ing been conducted by Hon. W. J. Northen, who later became governor of the state, and the other by R. M. Johnson, an able and well known educator. After this careful preliminary training Judge Gamble was matriculated in the University of Georgia, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1871, receiv ing the degree of Bachelor- of Arts. He then read law under the able preceptorship of the late William Hope Hull, one of the lead ing members of the bar of Augusta, and was admitted to practice in 1872. In the following year he opened an office in Louisville, where he has since been engaged in the active practice of his pro fession, save for the intervals given to service in official capacities. ; He has attained to distinctive prestige both as a lawyer and jur ist, and his standing at the bar of his native state is one of marked precedence. Judge Gamble has ever given an unequivocal al, legiance to the Democratic party, and has been an effective expo nent of its principles. He served from Jan. 1, 1891, to Jan. 1, 1899, as judge of the superior court of the middle circuit, and from 1881 to 1885 he was solicitor-general of the middle circuit. He repre: sented Jefferson county in the state legislature for two terms, 1886-1890. He is president of the First National bank of Louis ville, and is a member of the directorate of the Louisville Manu facturing Company, being;attorney for both. He was a member of the board of trustees of; the University of Georgia for a period of four years, having been appointed to this position by Gov. W. J. Northen. On Nov. 29, 1882, Judge Gamble was united in mar riage to Miss Mary Cynthia Hunter, daughter of the late Dr. E. H. W. Hunter, of Louisville; and they have three children: Mar garet Eula, who is now the wife of A. G. Guerard, Jr., of Savan nah; and Maude Hunter and Roger L., Jr. Mrs. Guerard was graduated in Randolph-Macon womans college, at Lynchburg, Va.; Maude H. is a graduate of Randolph-Macon institute, a Dan ville, Va.; and Roger L. is now a student in the South Carolina 
 
7-1 r 
 
 98 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
military academy, commonly designated the "Citadel," in Charles ton. 
Gamble, Thomas, Jr., secretary to the mayor of Savannah and known as one of the representative newspaper men of the state, was born in the historic old city of Richmond Va., March 16, 1868. He is a son of Thomas and Mary A. E. (Faunce) Gamble, both native of the city of Philadelphia, Pa., where the former was born on Jan. 25, 1833, and the latter on Aug. 5, 1839. On the ma ternal side Mr. Gamble is a descendant of Thomas Dudley, the second colonial governor of Massachusetts ; Simon Bradstreet, the last colonial governor of that commonwealth; Captain Simon Wainwright and others representing the early settled fami lies of the Massachusetts colony. Mr. Gamble secured his early education in the public schools of Philadelphia, completing a course in the high school. In 1886-7 he was employed as a re porter on the Philadelphia Press and the Philadelphia Inquirer, and the following year was similarly engaged on the Richmond Whig, in his native city. He then removed to Savannah, where he was engaged in reportorial and staff work for the News, Times, and Press until 1895. In 1899 he was appointed secretary to the mayor of Savannah, in which office he has since continuously served, by successive reappointments, indicating the high estimate placed upon his services by the incumbent of the mayoralty. He is a Democrat in his political allegiance and his religious faith is that of the Presbyterian church, of which Mrs. Gamble also is a member. He is a member of the New England historical and genealogical society; the Gov. Thomas Dudley family association, of Massachusetts; the Society of the Colonial Wars; the Society of the Sons of the American Revolution; the Masonic fraternity and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is a member of the board of managers of the Savannah public library, of which he was appointed secretary .in 1903, his term in this office expiring Jan. 1, 1909. He is the author of a "History of the City Govern ment of Savannah," and : of a "Historical Sketch of Bethesda." For the past twelve years he has published the Weekly Naval Stores Review, of Savannah, and is a recognized authority in naval stores market matters. On May 15, 1890, he was united in mar- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
99 
 
riage to Miss Florence O. Kilpatrick, daughter of John T. and Mary E. (Rebarer) Kilpatrick, of Savannah, and they have three children, Helen, Thomas Weldon, and William. Myers. 
Garbutt, George A., secretary and treasurer of the Hartfelder-Garbittt Com pany, of Savannah, dealers in mill and railroad supplies and machinery, is one of the progressive young business men of his native state. He was born in Summertown, Emanuel county, Ga., March 20, 1881, and is a son of Robert M. and Missouri (Coleman) Garbutt, both of whom were likewise born in Emanuel county, the former in I860 and the latter in 18C4. They now reside in Lyons, Tattnall county, where the father is a member of the firm of Garbutt & Donovan, of that place, be ing known as one of the leading saw-mill operators and lumber manufacturers of southern Georgia. Georgia A. Garbutt attended the public schools until he had attained the age of sixteen years, when he went to work for his father. At the age of nineteen years he completed a course in the famous Eastman business college, in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., after which he was for a short time employed as a clerk in the office of the American Cotton Company, of At lanta. He returned home in the autumn of 1900 and became as sistant bookkeeper in the office of Garbutt & Donovan, previously mentioned. In 1903 he resigned this position and came to Savan nah, where he became associated with Edward F. Hartfelder in the organization and incorporation of the company of which he is the present secretary and treasurer. The company controls an excel lent trade, which is constantly increasing. In politics Mr. Garbutt is a Republican and his religious faith is that of the Baptist church. He is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Or der of Elks, is a member of the Savannah chamber of commerce and the Savannah Yacht club. Garden Valley, a village in the northern part of Macon county, is located about six miles west of the Flint river. The population in 1900 was 72. It has a money order postoffice and stores which have a good local trade. Reynolds, on the Central of Georgia rail road, is the most convenient station. Garder, Frederick William, secretary and treasurer of the Cha tham Real Estate and Improvement Company, of Savannah, was 
 
 100 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
born in that city, March 10, 1871, and is a son of Frederick Arthur Garder, one of the well known citizens of Savannah. He was reared and educated in his native city, and has here advanced to a position of prominence as a business man and as a loyal and public-spirited citizen. Since December, 1891, he has been asso ciated with the Chatham Real Estate and Improvement Company, of which he has been secretary and treasurer since November, 1901. The company exercises beneficent functions, and for stabil ity and due conservativeness in its operations its reputation is not excelled by that of any banking institution in the city. Mr. Garder is a discriminating executive and administrative officer and. has lent most valuable assistance in building up the large and prosper ous business of the concern with which he has been so long iden tified. He is a stalwart in the ranks of the Democratic party, but has never sought or held political office. He has advanced through the chivalric grades of the time-honored Masonic fraternity, and is at the time of this writing, in 1905, eminent commander of Pales tine Commandery, No. 7, : Knights Templars. He is a member of the Oglethorpe club, the Savannah Yacht club, and the Savannah chamber of commerce, of iwhich last organization he is a director. During the Spanish-American war he served with the Second reg iment, Georgia volunteer infantry, first as quartermaster and later as first sergeant. The regiment was not called into active service in the field. In 1899 Mr. Garder was appointed inspector of rifle practice for the First Georgia regiment, and is the present com missary of the organization. 
Gardi, a village of Wayne county, is a station on the Southern railway, about six miles southeast of Jesup. It has a money or der postoffice, an express office, a few stores and does some ship ping. The population in 1900 was 76. 
Gardner, James, was born in Augusta, Ga., Jan. 28, 1813. His father was born in Glasgow, Scotland, emigrated to this country, married Miss Elizabeth McKinnie, of Newburn, N. C., and they made their residence in Augusta. James Gardner attended the Richmond academy, where he took his initiatory education, as did many other Georgians, some of whom became distinguished, such as Hon. John P. King, and Gov. William Schley. This academy has long been famous for its thorough system of instruction, and its first-class teachers. It: also enjoyed the distinction of having been visited by General Washington, when, as president of the United States in 1791, he was in the city of Augusta, the then capital of Georgia. In this -school, as also in Union college, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
101 
 
Schenectady, N. Y., where he graduated with honors, James Gard 
 
ner displayed remarkable aptitude for the acquirement of knowl 
 
edge. After graduation, he returned home, and entered the law- 
 
office of George W. Crawford, under 
 
x:::s;:i;i;;;;i::;S;:lSiSx:xv:x 
 
whom he studied law and was soon ad 
 
mitted to the practice. So pleased was 
 
Governor Crawford with his law pupil 
 
that he took him in partnership, and the 
 
firm of "Crawford & Gardner" lasted un 
 
til the junior partner was honored by the 
 
distinction of being made attorney-gen 
 
eral of the state for at that time this 
 
office of marked distinction and great 
 
responsibility belonged to the middle 
 
circuit. Since then it has gone to the 
 
capital of the state so far as to require 
 
its incumbent to reside there and have an office in the capi- 
 
tol. It was thus a high compliment to James Gardner that he 
 
should have been appointed, while so young a man, to this office. 
 
It is known that he, more than once, was appointed by the gov 
 
ernor to attend important criminal cases in distant parts of the 
 
state. While he did not have the gift of impassioned and lurid 
 
oratory, he possessed what was more important to his high office 
 
profound legal knowledge, and a forceful logical manner of pre 
 
sentation of his argument that made him an acknowledged power 
 
at the bar. But his great power, which was felt and acknowledged 
 
by all, was his unusually gifted pen. No man wrote with more 
 
logical force, polish, and brilliancy than did James Gardner. He 
 
had fully posted himself in the political history of the United 
 
States, and took his stand boldly in defence of Jeffersons theory 
 
of our government and ;its constitution. He was in deed and in 
 
truth a Jeffersonian Democrat the best form of Democrat. He 
 
purchased the "Constitutionalist" and devoted his great energy 
 
and brilliant pen to the strong, unflinching, and ever earnest 
 
presentation of Democratic principles. His paper soon became 
 
the leading Democratic paper of Georgia. It was said of James G. 
 
Blaine, one of the greatest men of the north in his day, that as 
 
soon as he became editor of the "Kennebec Journal", he made 
 
himself felt in politics. And so it was said of James Gardner, as 
 
soon as he became editor of the "Constitutionalist," he made him 
 
self felt in state and national politics. So rapidly did his influence 
 
grow, and so strongly was it felt, that in 1857 he was presented 
 
 102 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
to the Democratic convention of the state by his numerous friends and admirers all over Georgia for nomination for the high office of governor. And though such men of marked distinction and in fluence in the state as Hon. J. H. Lumpkin, of Rome, and Hon. R. G. Lamar, of Macon, were being- vigorously pressed for the high honor, Gardner was for several days in the lead. But being as patriotic and unselfish as ;he was personally able and brave, Mr. Gardner had authorized a friend to withdraw his name if he deemed it best for the harmony of the party. Still the fight went on until a compromise man, Hon. Joseph E. Brown, of Cherokee county, was selected. Gardners paper at once gave him its most valuable and powerful support, and Brown was elected governor. And though the banks and their friends asked, "Who is. Joe Brown?" they were soon silenced, and found out who Joe Brown was. The war followed during Browns administration, and when it was ended, Mr. Gardner, who had fought the policies of the Re publican party in all its hostile phases, as they were most ably,; yet frankly presented by Horace Greely, who afterward became the bondsman of Jefferson Davis, favored the nomination of Greely for the presidency. He was ready to take the hand offered across the bloody chasm. One of the bravest of the brave, Mr. Gardner had a womans sympathetic heart and he could but ad mire the great journalist who showed manly sympathy for the south. Mr. Gardner had the reputation of being a duelist, but he never fought but one duel, in which he bore himself with calm courage and becoming courtesy to his antagonist. Dueling was popular in that day, but he settled honorably, where he was con sulted, more duels than he ever fought or encouraged. He mar ried in 1847, the charming and accomplished Miss Martha G. S. Jordan, daughter of Green jHill and Elizabeth Taylor (Sanford) Jordan of Milledgeville, Ga. He lived in his native city, Augusta, from his birth until his death, which sad event occurred on Oct. 7, 1874. leaving his wife and six children to mourn his loss. In his death Georgia lost a noble, faithful and able son, who blazed for himself, socially, politically and professionally, an honorable and attractive career in her illustrious history. 
Gardner, William M., was born in Georgia, entered West Point as a cadet, completed his course in 1846 and participated in the Mexican war as brevet second lieutenant of the First infantry. He won the rank of brevet first lieutenant by gallant conduct at Contreras and Churubusco., When Georgia withdrew from the Union in 1861 he resigned his commission and went to Virginia as 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
103 
 
lieutenant-colonel of the Eighth Georgia regiment. He was se verely wounded at the first battle of Manassas, in July, 1861; was assigned to the command of the military prisons east of the Mis sissippi, except those in Alabama and Georgia, and on Nov. 26th following was commissioned brigadier-general. After the war he lived in Augusta for a time, but later removed to Rome and still later to Memphis, Tenn. 
Gardner, William Sanford, cotton broker and real estate and insurance agent, with offices at 124, Eighth street, Augusta, Ga., was born in the city, which is now his home, June 9, 1859. He is a son of James and Martha G. S. 
(Jordan) Gardner, the former of whom 
is now deceased. His father was for a number of years editor and proprietor of a daily paper, the Constitutionalist, in Augusta, where he died in 1874. Will 
iam Sanford Gardner was educated at the Richmond academy of Augusta, and he has been engaged individually in his present line of enterprise since 1888. He has built up a large and representative business, and being essentially loyal to the city of his nativity takes a deep interest in all that concerns its welfare and advancement. He is a member of the Augusta exchange and board of trade, and also of the New York cotton: exchange. His political faith is shown in the unqualified allegiance he accords to the Democratic party, and he was formerly a member of that well known military organ ization, the Richmond Hussars. In November, 1885, Mr. Gardner was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth H. McLaws, a daughter of Judge William R. McLaws, and niece of Gen. LaFayette Mc Laws, well known and honored citizens of Georgia and both now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Gardner have one son, James, who was born May 26, 1888. Garfield, a village of Emanuel county, is located about eighteen miles northeast of Swainsboro, on the Millen & Southwestern rail way. It has a money order postoffice, an express office, some stores, and enjoys a good, local trade. The population in 1900 was 
104. 
Garland, a post-hamlet in the eastern part of Lumpkin county, is about fifteen miles from Lula, on the Southern railway, which 
is the nearest station. 
 
 104 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Garlandville, a post-hamlet of Franklin county, is about five 
 
miles southwest of Lavonia, on the Southern railroad, which is 
 
the nearest station. The population in 1900 was 51. 
 
Garnett, a post-village of Screven county, is on the east bank of 
 
Brier creek, about fifteen miles north of Sylvania, which is the 
 
nearest railroad station. The population in 1900 was 115. 
 
Garnishment. Wages of day laborers, mechanics and journey 
 
men are exempt from garnishment, but this process may be in 
 
voked in all other cases. When an attachment has been issued, 
 
judgment rendered or suit filed, the plaintiff,, in person or by his 
 
attorney or agent, may make affidavit that he fears the loss of. his 
 
debt, give bond in double :the amount claimed and conditioned to 
 
answer any damages sustained by the defendant in case recovery 
 
is not made, or in case the funds garnisheed were not subject to 
 
such action, the process :will issue. Garnishment may be dis 
 
solved by giving bond, or: a third party may lay claim to a fund 
 
held under garnishment proceedings and release the same by giv 
 
ing bond. 
 
Garrant, a post-village of Coffee county, is located about ten 
 
miles northeast of Douglas. Chatterton, on the Atlantic & Bir 
 
mingham railroad, is the most convenient station. The population 
 
in 1900 was 50. 
 
^M5, 
 
Garrard, Frank U., junior member of 
 
.^IllllllilllS):, 
 
the well known law firm of Garrard & 
 
Garrard, of Columbus, is one of the rep 
 
resentative members of the bar of Mus- 
 
cbgee county, has important capitalistic 
 
interests and is now serving as referee 
 
in bankruptcy. He was born in the city 
 
of Columbus, his present home, Jan. 1, 
 
1876, thus making his advent at the 
 
dawn of the year which marked the cen 
 
tennial anniversary of our national in 
 
dependence. He is a son of Hon. Louis 
 
F. and Annie Foster (Leonard) Garrard, 
 
both of whom are living, the former being the senior member of 
 
the law firm, noted above, :and one of the leading representatives 
 
of his profession in that part of the state. Frank U. Garrard se 
 
cured his earlier educational discipline in a private school at Co 
 
lumbus, continuing his studies until he had attained to the age of 
 
seventeen years, when he entered his fathers law office and began 
 
his course of technical reading for the profession in which he is- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
105 
 
now so Strongly and successfully fortified. On Dec. 4, 1897, at 
 
the age of twenty-one years, he was admitted to the bar of his 
 
native state, and he forthwith began practice in his fathers office. 
 
On Jan. 1, 1906, the law firm of Garrard & Garrard was formed, 
 
and its practice is large and representative in character. In 1898 
 
the subject of this sketch was appointed United States referee in 
 
bankruptcy and he has since remained incumbent of this office. 
 
The firm of Garrard & Garrard is counsel for the Columbus Water 
 
Works Company, the Columbus Investment Company, the Colum 
 
bus Savings bank, the Third National bank, the Columbus Rail 
 
road Company, of which the subject of this review is a director 
 
and also secretary; the Columbus Concrete and Supply Company, 
 
of which he is a director; the Muscogee Real Estate Company, of 
 
which he is secretary; the Greenwood Land Company, of which 
 
he is secretary and treasurer and the Columbus Power Company, 
 
of which he is assistant secretary. Mr. Garrard is also a member 
 
of the directorate of the Columbus Young Mens Christian Asso 
 
ciation. He holds membership in the local lodge and chapter of 
 
the Masonic fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, 
 
the Knights of Pythias, the Improved Order of Red Men, and the 
 
Georgia state bar association. The principles and policies of the 
 
Democratic party appeal to him without reservation and he takes 
 
a loyal interest in its cause. He is an elder in the Presbyterian 
 
church, of which Mrs. Garrard also is a devoted member. On 
 
Dec. 12, 1900, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Garrard to Miss 
 
Sarah Gardiner, of Sparta, Ga., and they have two daughters, 
 
Louise Gardiner Garrard, born Dec. 2, 1902; and Margaret, born 
 
Feb. 3, 1906. 
 
; 
 
Garrett, Cornelius B., a representative 
 
cotton factor of the city of Augusta, was 
 
born in Edgefield count}, S. C, Oct. 20, 
 
1865, and is a son of Capt. William A. 
 
and Margaret Alice (Houston) Garrett, 
 
the former of whom was born in Edge- 
 
field county, Dec. 5, 1840, and the latter 
 
in Abbeville county, S. C., Aug. 10, 1840. 
 
Their marriage was solemnized in Ham 
 
burg, S. C., in 1860, and in 1870 they re 
 
moved to Augusta, Ga., where the father 
 
established the prosperous cotton fac 
 
torage business now conducted by the 
 
subject of this sketch. ; William A. Garrett was a valiant soldier 
 
 106 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
of the Confederacy in the Civil war, having served as a captain in a South Carolina regiment, and as paymaster of a regiment from his native state during the closing months of the war. He died on Dec. 6, 1903, and his widow still maintains her home in Au gusta. Cornelius B. Garrett was graduated in Richmond acad emy, in Augusta, at the age of sixteen years, and thereafter was for two years a cadet student in the Bingham military school, at Asheville, N. C, in 1879-80. He completed his educational train ing in the University of Georgia, after leaving which institution he became a clerical assistant in the cotton brokerage office of his father, who was then associated in business with William A. Lattimer, under the firm name of Garrett & Lattimer, the junior mem ber later retiring from the firm. In 1900 Benjamin B. Russell, 
Jr., became a member of the firm and the present title of Garrett & Russell was then adopted. Upon the death of his father, in 1903, Cornelius B. Garrett succeeded to his interest in the exten sive and important business; and the firm continues as one of the leading cotton factorage concerns in this section of the state. Mr. Garrett is a member of the Augusta cotton exchange and board of trade, and is serving on its board of directors. He is a Democrat in his political adherency, is a member of the Presbyterian church, and was for several years a; non-commssioned officer in the local military organization known as the Clinch Rifles. On June 1, 1887, Mr. Garrett was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Wil son Nash, of Atlanta, and they have three children, Rita Alice, VanHolt Nash, and Isabelle: Stafford. 
Garrett, Joseph Simpson, postmaster 
of the city of Columbus, is one of the 
honored citizens of Muscogee county 
and was a valiant soldier of the Confed 
eracy in the Civil war, in which he rose 
to the rank of colonel of his regiment. 
He: was born on the homestead planta 
tion of his parents, in Rockingham 
county, N. C., March 9, 1831, and in the 
same county were also born his parents, 
George W. and Emily J. (Young) Gar 
rett. In that county they passed their 
entire lives, the father, who was a suc cessful planter, having attained to the venerable age of eighty-two years, and the mother having passed away at the age of sixty-five years. They are survived by three sons and one daughter. Thomas 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
107 
 
J. and Robert J. Garrett still remain resident of Rockingham county, the former having been a soldier in the Confederate serv ice. The only living daughter, Mrs. E. J. Lynch, is a resident of Greensboro, N. C. Col. Joseph S. Garrett was afforded excellent educational advantages in his youth, having attended an academy at Trinity, N. C., and later pursuing the higher branches of study in Holbrook academy, Danville, Va. He remained a resident of his native state until 1856, when he came to Georgia and located in Muscogee county, where his marriage was solemnized in May of the following year. In the autumn of 1857 he removed with his wife to the State of Mississippi, where he was identified with the plantation industry until 1860, whn he removed to Russell county, Ala., where he remained until the inception of the war between the states. His loyalty to the cause of the Confederacy was of the most insistent and uncompromising type, and on Aug. 1, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company C, Seventh Alabama cavalry. He continued in active and constant service until the great con flict closed in the defeat of the cause for which the Southern states had battled with all_of devotion and consecration. He was soon promoted to lieutenant of his company, and subsequently was made captain of the same,: finally being promoted to the colonelcy of his regiment, retaining command as such until the close of the war. The Seventh Alabama cavalry was an integral portion of the command of Gen. N. B. Forrest, and among the more impor tant engagements in which Colonel Garrett took part were the bat tles of Columbia, Spring Hill, Franklin, Nashville and Johnsons Landing. During his long period of service he was fortunate in that he was never wounded or taken prisoner. After the close of the war Colonel Garrett located in the city of Columbus, where he has since made his home.: From 1867 until 1896 he was a whole sale merchant and in 1897; he was appointed postmaster of Colum bus, by President McKinley. He has since served continuously in this important office, having been twice reappointed, and his administration has been most able and satisfactory. Prior to his being appointed to the position of postmaster he served several terms as a member of the board of aldermen of Columbus. In national affairs he gives his support to the Republican party, but in local and state politics : he is a stanch supporter of the Democ racy. He is the owner of;:valuable real estate in his home city and also has a fine plantation in Muscogee county, located twelve miles distant from Columbus. He was formerly a stockholder and director in banking institutions in Columbus, but has retired 
 
 108 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
from official associations in this regard, as has he also from active membership in the Muscogee club. Both he and his wife are communicants of the Protestant Episcopal church, being identified with Trinity parish. On May 7, 1857, was solemnized the mar riage of Colonel Garrett to Miss Virginia E. Heard, and they have four children, Robert :,Y., George J. and Joseph B are all wholesale merchants in the City of Baltimore, Md., and the only daughter, Josephine V., is the wife of Charles L. Pierce, secretary of the Eagle-Phoenix Mills, of Columbus. 
Gartrell, Lucius J., lawyer and soldier, was born in Wilkes county, Ga., Jan. 7, 1821. He was educated at Randolph-Macon college and the University of Virginia. Afterward he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1842. In 1843 he became solicitorgeneral of the Northern judicial circuit. He was elected to the state legislature in 1847, and again in 1849; was an active opponent to the Know-Nothing party :in 1855, and an elector on the Buchanan ticket in 1856. From: 1857 to 1861 he was a member of Congress, withdrawing with the Georgia delegation when the state seceded. He at once organized the Seventh Georgia regiment which did splendid service at the first battle of Manasses. In October, 1861, Colonel Gartrell was sent to represent his district in the Confederate Congress, but at the expiration of his term he returned to the field. He :was commissioned brigadier-general on Aug. 22, 1864, and organized Gartrells brigade, which he led until the war ended. He then returned to his practice in Georgia and in 1877 was a conspicuous and able member of the Constitu tional convention. He died in Atlanta, April 7, 1891. 
Gaston, a post-hamlet of Baker county, is located ten miles west of Newton, and a little west of the Ichawaynochaway Creek. Williamsburg, on the Central of Georgia railroad, is the nearest station. 
Gates, a post-hamlet in the igold regions of Lumpkin county, is located about thirteen miles northeast of Dahlonega. Alto, on the Southern railway, is the nearest station. 
Gay, a post-village of Meriwether county, is located about seven miles west of the Flint river. Greenville, on the Central of Geor gia railway, is the nearest station. The population in 1900 was 46. 
Gazan, Jacob, a successful: attorney and counselor at law of Savannah, was born in that city, May 25, 1870, and is a son of Nathan and Sophia Gazan, the former of whom was born in Amster dam, Holland, June 5, 1832, and the latter in Osterberg, Bavaria, Germany, July 8, 1844. They became residents of Georgia about 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
109 
 
1867, and are now living in Savannah. The father was a merchant for many years. He was loyal to the Confederacy during the war between the states, but was exempt from all military service, by 
reason of almost total blindness. Jacob 
Gazan secured his earlier educational dis 
cipline in the private and public schools 
of Quitman, Ga., after which he was a 
student in Rollins college, Winter Park, 
Fla. After leaving- college he read law 
in the office of the firm of Garrard & 
Meldrim, of Savannah, and was admitted 
to the bar on April 3, 1890, after public, 
oral examination before Judge Robert 
Falligant, then presiding on the bench 
of the superior court of Chatham county. 
He has since been engaged in the active, practice of his profession in Savannah and has been very suc cessful in his work. In 1892 he was admitted to practice in the United States circuit and district courts, of the fifth circuit, and in May, 1393, he was admitted to practice before the supreme court of the state. He is ; a stanch supporter of the Democra tic party, but has never appeared as a candidate for any pub lic office. He is a member of the Savannah bar association, the Knights of Pythias and the Harmonic club. Mr. Gazan has taken a deep interest in the Knights of Pythias, and has served for a number of years as a member of the finance committee of the grand lodge of the order in Georgia, being the present chair man of said committee. He has been identified with the uniform rank of the order for a number of years, served successively as second lieutenant, first lieutenant and captain of Savannah Com pany, Xo. 15, and since October, 1903, he has been assistant ad jutant-general of the Georgia Brigade, on the staff of Brig.-Gen. Charles A. Cox. On Nov. 14, 1900, Mr. Gazan was united in mar riage to Miss Nellie Cohen, daughter of Jacob and Henrietta (Herzog) Cohen, of Savannah, and they have two children: Hen rietta, born April 15, 1902, and Walter J., born Jan. 10, 1904. 
Geary, a post-hamlet in the northwestern part of Walker county, is a station on the short line of the Central of Georgia railroad that runs from Chickamauga to Durham. 
Geer, William I., is engaged in the practice of law at Colquitt, and is one of the representative members of the Miller county bar. He was born in Calhoun county, Ga., July 38, 1872, and is a 
 
 110 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
son of Peter Franklin Marion Geer and Mary E. (Blocker) Geer, the former of whom was born in the state of New York and the latter in South Carolina. The father was an able physician, and served as surgeon in the Confederate army during the Civil war, after which he resumed the active practice of his profession at Bluffton, Ga., where he died in 1884. William I. Geer attended school at Dawson and Fort Gaines, Ga., and supplemented this discipline by a course of study in Mercer university in the city of Macon. He read law in the office of Judge Bush, of Colquitt; in 1898 was admitted to the bar of Early county, and has been en gaged in the active practice of his profession in Colquitt since that time. He was associated in practice with Judge Bush for one year, since which time he has conducted an individual professional business. He is a stanch adherent of the Democratic part}-, and in 1901 was appointed county solicitor, by Governor Candler. He is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Woodmen of the World. Mr. Geer married Miss Ada Dancer, daughter of William R. and Marry J. (Clifton) Dancer, of Colquitt. Mr. Dancer held the office of ordinary of Miller county at the time of his death, and was one of the prominent and honored citizens of the county. 
Gehrken, Diedrich, a successful grocer of Augusta, was born in the kingdom of Hanover, Germany, Sept. 10. 1853, and is a son of Frederick and G. Catharina (Mangels) Gehrken, both of whom passed their entire lives in Germany. Mr. :; Gehrken was afforded the advan tages of the excellent schools of his fatherland, where he continued to re side-until he had attained to the age of seventeen, years, when he severed the home ties and set forth to seek his for tunes in America, where so many of his countrymen have gained success through individual effort and hon orable methods. He made the trip across the Atlantic in 1870, and soon after landing on the shores of the New World he took up his residence in Augusta, having made the entire trip by water first across the Atlantic from Bremen to New York, thence along the coast to Savannah and thence up the Savannah river to Au gusta. He secured a clerkship in a local grocery establishment, continuing to be employed in such capacity until 1875, when he en gaged in the same line of business for himself, at the corner of 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
111 
 
Twiggs and Calhoun streets. In 1877 he removed to his present 
 
attractive and eligibly located quarters, at 472 Broad street, where 
 
he has an excellent trade, catering to a discriminating patronage 
 
and carrying a large and complete stock of groceries, table deli 
 
cacies, etc. He has thus been engaged in the retail grocery bus 
 
iness in Augusta for thirty years, and has at all times commanded 
 
the confidence and esteem of those with whom he has had dealings. 
 
Mr. Gehrken is a loyal supporter of the Democratic party and its 
 
principles, is identified with the Augusta Schuetzen club and the 
 
Knights of Pythias, and both he and his wife are members of 
 
St. Matthews Lutheran church.. Mr. Gehrken has made two vis 
 
its to his native land the first in 1880 on which he was accom 
 
panied by his family and the second in 1903. In 1902 he made an 
 
extended tour through the western states, visiting the Yellow- 
 
stone national park, the principal Pacific coast cities and other 
 
places of interest. On Oct. 26, 1876, at Augusta, he was united in 
 
marriage to Miss Catharina Dreyer, who likewise was born in 
 
Hanover, Germany, and who had been his playmate and school 
 
mate in his childhood and youth. They have six children, Gesina 
 
A. M., Anna M. S., Fredericka C., John H., Arnold R. and Walter D. 
 
Gehrken, Fred, a leading wholesale 
 
grocer of Augusta, was born in the 
 
province of Bremen, Germany, Jan. 17, 
 
1836, his parents having passed their en 
 
tire lives in that province. Three of the 
 
__ 
 
___ elder brothers of the subject of this 
 
Claus H. and Diedrich, and all located in : Augusta, Georgia. John immigrated to: the United States in 1858, and ren dered valiant service as a soldier of the Confederacy during the entire period of the Civil war, as a member of a Georgia regiment. After the war he:located in Savannah, where he died in 1870. Claus H. returned to Germany and there passed the re mainder of his life. Diedrich is still a resident of Augusta. Fred Gehrken was educated in the excellent schools of his fatherland, where he remained until 1872, when, at the age of sixteen years, he set forth to seek his_ fortunes in America. He forthwith took up his residence in Augusta, where he secured a position in the wholesale establishment of; which he is now sole owner, his re compense at the start having been ten dollars a month. That he 
 
 112 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
has pressed forward to the goal of success is clearly shown in the 
 
position which he holds to-day as one of the representative bus 
 
iness men of Augusta. In 1881 the firm of Richers & Gehrken was 
 
formed, and this association continued until the death of Mr. Rich 
 
ers on Dec. 27, 1905, when his interest was acquired by Mr. Gehr 
 
ken. The finely stocked and equipped establishment is located at 
 
401 Greene street, where groceries, liquors and tobaccos are han 
 
dled at wholesale, the house controlling a large and extended trade. 
 
In 1897 Mr. Gehrken erected his present beautiful modern resi 
 
dence at 405 Greene street. He is also president of the Augusta 
 
Ice Company; a director of the Mutual Fire Indemnity Association 
 
and the Southern Transportation Company, both of Augusta, and 
 
in January, 1906, was elected; a director of the National Bank of 
 
Augusta, to fill the vacancy: caused by the death of his former 
 
partner, Christian Richers. He is president of the Deutscher 
 
Schuetzen club, a German social and rifle club of Augusta, and is 
 
also affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks 
 
and the Deutscher Order Harugari. His political support is 
 
given to the Democratic party, and both he and his wife are mem 
 
bers of the Lutheran church. :; On May 16, 1881, Mr. Gehrken was 
 
united in marriage to Miss Margaret Stoffel, of Augusta, and they 
 
have five children, Hilda, Fred, Jr., Henry S., Rudolph C. and Al 
 
berta, 
 
i 
 
General Assembly. First in Georgia, (See Chatham county). 
 
Genesis Point. (See Fort McAllister). 
 
Geneva, an incorporated to;wn of Talbot county and a station 
 
en the Central of Georgia railroad, is located about seven miles 
 
south of Talbotton. It has a money order postofSce, with free 
 
rural delivery, express and, telegraph offices, several;:; stores 
 
and mills, does a good local business and has some shipping in 
 
terests. The population in 1900 was 2G4. 
 
Gentian, a little village of Muscogee county, is on the Southern 
 
railroad, about six miles northeast of Columbus. It has a money 
 
order postoffice, with free rural delivery, an express office, some 
 
mercantile interests and is a shipping point of some importance. 
 
Geodetic Survey. During the years 1857 and 1858 the geodetic 
 
and coast survey, ordered byithe national government, made ob 
 
servations along the coast of; Georgia, chiefly about St. Marys 
 
river and bar and in the viciiiity of Sapelo sound. In 1859 the 
 
character of Sapelo sound was fully determined by the survey, 
 
but before anything else was done in the state or along the coast 
 
the Civil war put a stop to operations. In the decade from 1870 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
113 
 
to 1880 a tolerably thorough survey was made of the coast and geodetic and magnetic observations made in various parts of the state. In 1880 magnetic observations were made in Clinch county, and the same year Lieut. Frederick Collins made an extensive re port of parts of the Southern coast, giving sailing directions for navigating the waters there. This report included most of the rivers and harbors of Georgia along the Atlantic coast. In 1881 a map of the mountain districts of the state was commenced under the direction of H. F. Walling, but it was not completed until some years later. Not much was done during the next three years, but in 1884 a reconnaissance was made for primary triangulation in North Georgia, starting from the Indian-Aurora line. The work was commenced in January and continued until the following June, when the thick foliage of the trees interfered with the prog ress of the survey, and operations were suspended until the winter. This triangulation was finished in 1886. The next year Lieutenant Pilsbury made a hydrographic survey of St. Simons bar, taking over .2,000 soundings and discovering the remains of an old light house. At the same time : magnetic observations were made at Waycross, Brunswick, Jesup, and some other points, and the old geodetic station of 1875, in the old capital grounds at Milledgeville was reoccupied. Between the years 1888 and 1900, inclusive, considerable work was done by Lieutenant Pilsbury in the neigh borhood of Brunswick and by Lieut. J. J. Blandin, with the steam er Endeavor, around the entrance to the Savannah river. In the former instance the old dredged channel at Brunswick was re ported to be of little account, and the outer bar there was resurveyed. Lieutenant Blandin resurveyed the outer bar and entrance to the Savannah river, located and erected a number of signals, buoys, tide-gauges, etc., and took over 27,000 soundings. This was perhaps the most important work done by the survey, so far as im mediate results were concerned, as its influence aided materially in the matter of piloting vessels through the entrance and up to the city of Savannah. Since 1@00 the work has been carried on at in tervals in different parts of :the state, several old stations have been recovered in the vicinity of Brunswick, Cumberland island and St. Andrews sound, the reports of the survey being practical "aids to navigation along the coast." 
Geological Survey. Governor Schley, in his message to the gen eral assembly, in November, 1836, first called the attention to the needs of the state in the way of a geological survey, and urged its importance upon that body. The legislature, at that session, 
8 II 
 
 114 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
passed a resolution, authorizing the governor to employ a com petent person to make the survey and in January, .1837, Dr. John R. Getting was selected for the first state geologist. In Decem ber, 1840, the legislature abolished the office, just when the work was fairly under way. At the Macori Fair, in the fall of 1851, a committee was appointed to memorialize the legislature for an appropriation to finish the work Doctor Cotting had so auspicious ly begun. The committee performed its part of the work, but the assembly declined to grant the request and the matter was al lowed to lie dormant until 1872, when the subject was again broached by agricultural societies and commercial bodies in dif ferent parts of the state. The agitation was continued until on Feb. 27, 1874, the general assembly passed an act creating the office of state geologist and appropriating $10,000 a year for five years to complete the survey. Under this act Governor Smith appointed Dr. George Little, professor of mineralogy and geology in the University of Mississippi, to finish the survey of the state. With the discontinuance of the annual appropriation, at the expiraton of the five years, all the materal, etc., belonging to the office of the state geologist was turned over to the agricultural department, by a resolution adopted by the general assembly on Oct. 17, 1879. The office of state geologist :;was revived by the act of Nov. 12, 1889, and since then a great:; deal has been accomplished toward the development of the states mineral resources, especially the clays and building stones of the Paleozoic and Crystalline areas; in the analysis of the waters from mineral springs; and in en couraging the boring of artesian wells in the Coastal plain. Con cerning these wells a recent report of the agricultural department says: "The marked sanitary advantages that have resulted to many towns in Southern Georgia through the supply of pure, wholesome drinking water, obtained from artesian wells, hardly requires comment." The bulletins issued by the geological bureau have been replete with useful information regarding the mineral formations and maps have been made showing the different fields where the principal deposits are located. The present state geolo gist, Prof. W. S. Yeates, and; his assistants are pushing the work with commendable zeal, andi; within a few years the geological features of Georgia and the extent of her economic mineral deposits will be known far and wide. . 
Geologist, State. (See Geological Survey). Geology. There are in Georgia three great geological belts or areas, viz: The Paleozoic, the Crystalline and the Coastal Plain. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
115 
 
The Paleozoic Area lies in the extreme northwestern corner of the state. It embraces the counties of Bade, Walker, Whitfield, Catoosa, Chattooga and Floyd, and the greater part of Murray, Gordon, Bartow and Polk. In this belt are represented the forma tions of the Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian and Carboniferous pe riods, the shales, rocks, cherts, schists and ores belonging to them being abundant, and many of the deposits are of commercial im portance. 
A line drawn from Columbus to Augusta and passing through Macon and Milledgeville marks the southern boundary of the Crystalline Area, which embraces all that part of the state north of the line, except the Paleozoic group. On the border between the Paleozoic and Crystalline areas are found mort of the marbles for which Georgia is fast becoming noted, while all through the area are valuable deposits of various minerals, the most important of which are treated in this work under the appropriate titles. At several points in the Crystalline and Paleozoic region are mineral springs, some of medicinal value, especially those containing iron, sulphur and lithia. The product of these springs reaches about $40,000 annually. 
South of the Crystalline. Area lies the Great Coastal Plain. The boundary between it and the Crystalline area is marked by water falls or cascades in the streams and is sometimes called the "fall line." All of the larger streams are navigable up to this demar cation and this fact, together with the advantages in securing water-power, is responsible for the location of a number of im portant towns and cities. Geologically speaking, the Coastal Plain is of much more recent formation than either of the other two areas, being of the Tertiary period, and it is quite different, both in surface configuration and in the character of its mineral deposits. Here are found the finest clays in the state, as well as extensive beds of marl, while the ;rocks of this region consist chiefly of loosely compacted sands and gravel, with some limestone. In the southeastern part of the state there is along the coast a strip about 100 miles long and 25 miles wide of the Quarternary formation. It begins a little north of Savannah and its western end is a short distance from Traders Hill, on the Florida line. Artesian wells are confined to the Coastal Plain, the water being reached at a depth of about 450 feet, the strata penetrated consisting of soft limestones, clays and sands. Some of the wells are flowing ones, others have to be supplied with pumps to bring the water to the surface. 
 
 HG 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
In the western part, and lying between the Crystalline and Coastal Plain areas, is a triangular shaped territory of Cretaceous formation. It includes the counties of Chattahoochee and Marion, nearly all of Stewart and Taylor, and parts of Webster, Schley, Macon and Muscogee, with detached areas in Houston county. The western boundary of this triangle is marked by the Chat tahoochee river, for a distance of forty miles south of Columbus, while the southern is an irregular line, terminating in the margin of the Crystalline area not far from the town of Fort Valley. The minerals of this section are marl, sandstone and limestone. Few states present more diversified geological features than Georgia. Minerals from the coarsest to precious stones, including gold, are found all through the two northern areas, while the southern part shows all the peculiarities of the Tertiary and Quarternary period to be found anywhere in those formations. 
Georgetown, the county seat of Quitman county, is located on the Chattahoochee river, on the western border of the county, and was incorporated by an; act of the general assembly in 1859. It has railway accommodations through a branch of the Central of Georgia, and in addition to this the steamers that ply on the Chat tahoochee furnish water transportation, thus giving Georgetown excellent shipping facilities. ; Consequently for a town of its size it has an extensive trade, fully 75 per cent of the cotton handled in the county being shipped from Georgetown. The town has good public schools, several churches, express and telegraph offices, a money order postoffice with rural free delivery, a good court house, several mercantile concerns and large warehouses. The population in 1900 was 348. '. 
Georgia Gazette. (See Press). Georgia Platform. This celebrated declaration grew out of the compromise measures of 1850 on the slavery question, known as the "Omnibus Bill." While : the measures were pending in Con gress the people of Georgia were opposed to some of the features proposed, and their dissatisfaction continued after the bill became a law. Early in the year the governor and general assembly had provided for a state convention to decide upon a course of action. During the summer public meetings were held, at which speeches were made by eminent men,:who urged that the bill was unfair to the Southern States, and that some of its provisions were such dangerous infractions of the ^constitution as to put the Union in jeopardy. After the adjournment of Congress Robert Toombs, Alexander H. Stephens, Howell Cobb, and others entered the field 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
117 
 
of public discussion for the purpose of showing that this compro mise, as a finality, should be adopted. As a result of their efforts the majority of the delegates elected to the convention were favorable to an endorsement of the compromise, and the conven tion, which met in December, 1850, adopted resolutions called the "Georgia Platform," the full text of which is as follows: 
"To the end that the position of this State may be clearly ap prehended by her Confederates of the South and of the North, and that she may be blameless of all future consequences 
Be it resolved by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled, First. That we hold the American Union secondary in importance only to the rights and principles it was designed to perpetuate. That past associations, present fruition, and future prospects, will bind us to it so long as it continues to be the safe-guard of those rights and principles. 
Second. That if the thirteen original Parties to the Compact, bordering the Atlantic in a narrow belt, while their separate inter ests were in embryo, their peculiar tendencies scarcely developed, their revolutionary trials1 and triumphs still green in memory, found Union impossible without compromise, the thirty-one of this day may well yield somewhat in the conflict of opinion and policy, to preserve that Union, which has extended the sway of Republican Government over a vast ; wilderness to another ocean, and pro portionally advanced their civilization and national greatness. 
Third. That in this spirit the State of Georgia has maturely considered the action of Congress, embracing a series of measures for the admission of California into the Union, the organization of Territorial Governments for Utah and New Mexico, the estab lishment of a boundary between the latter and the state of Texas, the suppression of the slave-trade in the District of Columbia and the extradition of fugitive slaves, and (connected with them) the rejection of propositions: to exclude slavery from the Mexican Territories, and to abolish it in the District of Columbia; and, whilst she. does not wholly approve, will abide .by it as a perma nent adjustment of this controversy. 
Fourth. That the State of Georgia, in the judgment of this Convention will and ought to resist, even (as a last resort) to a disruption of every tie which binds her to the Union, any future act of Congress abolishing Slavery in the District of Columbia, without the consent and;: petition of the slave-holders thereof, or any Act abolishing Slavery in places within the slave-holding States, purchased by the: United States for the erection of forts, 
 
 118 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
magazines, arsenals, dock-yards, navy-yards and other like pur 
 
poses ; or in any Act suppressing the slave-trade between slave- 
 
holding States; or in any refusal to admit as a State any Territory 
 
applying, because of the existence of Slavery therein; or any Act 
 
prohibiting the introduction of slaves into the Territories of Utah 
 
and New Mexico; or in any Act repealing or materially modifying 
 
the laws now in force for the recovery of fugitive slaves. 
 
Fifth. That it is the deliberate opinion of this Convention, that 
 
upon the faithful execution of the Fugitive Slave Bill by the proper 
 
authorities, depends the preservation of our much loved Union. 
 
Alexander H. Stephens, in his "Constitutional View of the War 
 
Between the States," says: "Upon the principles announced in 
 
this Platform, Mr. Howell Cobb was triumphantly elected Gover 
 
nor, in 1851, over Mr. Charles J. McDonald, who had been twice 
 
Governor before, and who was thought to be, personally, the most 
 
popular man at that time in the State. On the same principles, 
 
Mr. Henry S. Foote was elected Governor of Mississippi the same 
 
year, over Mr. Jefferson Davisi" The political organization that 
 
carried these two states this year was known as the Constitutional 
 
Union Party. 
 
: 
 
Gertman, a post-village of Emanuel county, is located a little 
 
northeast of Pendleton Creek and about twelve miles southwest 
 
of Swainsboro. Covena, on the; Central of Georgia railroad, is the 
 
nearest station. 
 
: 
 
Gibbons Plantation. In June, 1782, about 300 Creeks, headed 
 
by the chief Guristersigo, left the Indian nation for Savannah. 
 
Their march was conducted with the secrecy common to move 
 
ments of that character, and by the 22d they were within a short 
 
distance of General Waynes camp, which was at the plantation 
 
of Joseph Gibbons, seven miles;!from Savannah. That night Gur 
 
istersigo sent his white guides to locate the camp and report. They 
 
faithfully performed the duty, reporting that the main body was 
 
at Joseph Gibbons and that a Small picket was at the plantation 
 
of Barrack Gibbons, two miles; from the main body and on the 
 
road leading direct to the city. The wily chief determined to 
 
surprise this picket and marched fifteen miles on the night of the 
 
23d, reaching the vicinity of the American camp about three oclock 
 
on the morning of the 24th. Oh the afternoon of the 23d, Wayne 
 
changed his position, the main!; body of his army occupying the 
 
ground where the picket had been stationed. A small detach 
 
ment of Indians was sent forward to surprise the sentinel and kill 
 
him before he could give the alarm, while the rest of the Indians 
 
 . CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
119 
 
followed close behind. The camp was alarmed, however, and in 
 
a short time the Indians and whites were promiscuously mixed 
 
together in a hand to hand combat. General Wayne supposing the 
 
whole British force at Savannah was upon him ordered the bay 
 
onet to be used, which proved too much for the Creeks. They 
 
fled in haste and confusion leaving Guristersigo and seventeen of 
 
his warriors dead on the field. The Americans lost four killed and 
 
eight wounded and captured 117 pack horses loaded with booty. 
 
Twelve of the savages were taken prisoners and shot a few hours 
 
afterward by order of General Wayne. 
 
Gibbons, William, planter and patriot, was of Irish extraction, 
 
a fine lawyer and a man of considerable wealth for that day, owning 
 
a large rice plantation in the neighborhood of Mulberry Grove. He 
 
was one of the original Sons of Liberty and helped to rifle the 
 
powder magazine at Savannah at the outbreak of the Revolution. 
 
After serving with ability and fidelity as a member of the Pro 
 
vincial Congress and the Council of Safety he was elected one of 
 
the delegates to the Continental Congress in 1784 and reelected 
 
in 1786. Subsequently he served as associate justice of Chatham 
 
county and died at Savannah in 1800. 
 
Gibson, the county seat of Glascock county is on the Augusta 
 
Southern railway, which connects Sandersville with Augusta. It 
 
is a town of 293 inhabitants, has a court house, express and tele 
 
graph offices, a money order post office with rural free delivery 
 
and a few stores, with good local trade. There are schools of the 
 
public school system and churches of the Methodist and Baptist 
 
faith. 
 
; 
 
:Gibson, William, who died at his 
 
home in the city of Macon, in April, 
 
18:93, was one of the distinguished law 
 
yers and jurists of Georgia, upon whose 
 
history he left a distinct and worthy 
 
impress. He was born in Warren coun 
 
ty, Ga., March 22, 1822, and that coun 
 
ty was likewise the birthplace of his 
 
parents, Thomas and Mary Rose (Gard 
 
ner) Gibson, showing that the respec 
 
tive families were founded in that sec 
 
tion of Georgia in the pioneer era. His 
 
maternal grandfather, Sterling Gardner, 
 
was a soldier in the war of the Revolution, in which he served 
 
under Gen. Nathaniel Greehe in the southern campaign. William 
 
 120 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Gibson was colonel of the Forty-eighth Georgia volunteer infantry 
 
in the Confederate service;; of the Civil war and proved a gallant 
 
and efficient officer. He took part in the battles of Mechanicsville, 
 
June 27, 1862; Cold Harbor, Va, June 28, 1862, Malvern Hill, July 
 
1, 1862, Second Manassas and Sharpsburg, Md., Sept. 1862, Chan- 
 
cellorsville, Va., May 1863, Gettysburg, Pa., July 1-3, 1863, being 
 
shot down on the field in the last mentioned engagement and 
 
captured by the Federal troops. He was held as a prisoner of 
 
war until April, 1864, when he was exchanged, and he resigned his 
 
commission and retired from the service in October of that year. 
 
Judge Gibson was a man of high intellectual ability and profound 
 
learning in the law, having: been admitted to the bar of Georgia in 
 
1839, at the age of seventeen years. He was engaged in the 
 
practice of his profession: in Warrenton, Warren county, until 
 
January, 1856, when he removed to Augusta, which continued to 
 
be his home until 1886, when he removed to Macon, where he 
 
passed the remainder of hisjlife, secure in the estem and admiration 
 
of all who knew him. In 1853 he was called to the bench of the 
 
superior court of the northern circuit, and from 1866 to 1870 he 
 
was judge of the superior court of the middle circuit. From 1870 
 
to 1879 he was the honored: judge of the Augusta circuit. He rep 
 
resented Richmond county: in the state legislature from 1857 to 
 
1863, and in 1865-6, he was president of the state senate. Judge 
 
Gibson was a stanch Democrat in his political allegiance, and was 
 
a zealous member of the Methodist Episcopal church South. In 
 
March, 1843, he was united in marriage to Miss Martha Mitchell 
 
Rogers, daughter of Micajah Rogers, of Warren county, Ga., 
 
and he is survived by four? children, namely: Thomas H., Mary 
 
D., Martha Amanda, and George Micajah. 
 
; 
 
Gilgal Church, where considerable skirmishing occurred in the 
 
spring of 1864, is in Cobb; county, between Lost and Kennesaw 
 
mountains. (See Kennesaw Mountain). 
 
Gill, a post-hamlet in the northern part of Lincoln county, is 
 
about five miles from the Savannah river. Mt. Carmel, S. C., is the 
 
most convenient railroad station. 
 
Gillsville, a town of Hall county, near the Banks county line, 
 
was incorporated by act of :the legislature Dec. 16, 1901<:; It is on 
 
the Athens & Lula division of the Southern railroad and in 1900 
 
reported a population of 177. It has a money order postoffice, 
 
with free rural delivery, an: express office, some stores, with good 
 
local trade, and does some shipping. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
121 
 
Gilmer County was laid out from Cherokee in 1832, and named in honor of George R. Gilmer. It is in the northern part of the state and is bounded by Fannin county on the north and north west, Dawson on the southeast, Pickens on the south and Gordon and Murray on the west. The Cartecay and Ellijay rivers unite near the center of the county to form the Coosawattee, which flows toward the southwest. The county is also watered by many smaller streams. The surface is mountainous and well wooded. The timber is principally oak and poplar and is being rapidly con verted into lumber. The soil, especially in the valleys is veryfertile. Corn, wheat, oats, field peas and some cotton are raised. The various grasses and all forage crops do well. Gilmer is a good fruit county. Apples grow to perfection and find a ready market. Peaches do well, but have small sale. Quinces, plums and cherries are grown and vineyards are being planted. The fruit business is yet in its infancy, but it is believed that it will take its place as one of the best paying resources of the county. Small game abounds and the streams furnish an abundance of fish. Gold and iron are the principal minerals and are mined quite extensively. Beautiful marble, limestone, sandstone, mica, slate and granite are also found. The healthful climate, pure water and great agri cultural and mineral wealth attract settlers and the county is growing steadily in population. The Atlanta, Knoxville & North ern railway, which traverses the county from north to south, con tributes to the development of the natural resources. The pop ulation in 1900 was 10,198, a growth of 1,124 in ten years. Ellijay is the county seat. Talona, south of Ellijay is sometimes called Sanderstown, from the Gherokee chief, George Sanders, who once kept a house of entertainment on the Federal road. 
Gilmer, George Rockingham, sixteenth governor of Georgia, was born in what is now Oglethorpe county, April 11, 1790. He obtained his education iat Abbeville and at Waddells Carmel academy, after which he studied law and was admitted to the Georgia bar. He served: in the wars with the Creeks and the sec ond war with England; :was elected to both branches of the legis lature, served several terms as a. representative in Congress and in 1828 became governor of the state. In 1836 he was presidential : elector on the Hugh LJ White ticket and in 1837, when internal affairs were in a delicate condition that required wisdom and tact in handling, he was again called to the gubernatorial chair. He was president of the electorial college in 1840 and for many years 
 
 122 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
served as a trustee of the University of Georgia. He died at Lexington, Nov. 15, 1859. 
Gilmore, a post-village in the southern part of Cobb county, is at the junction of the Western & Atlantic and the Atlantic & Bir mingham division of the Seaboard Air Line railroads, and is about half-way between Atlanta and Marietta. The population in 1900 was but 38, though it has some mercantile interests and does con siderable shipping. 
Girard, a village of Burke county, is located about nineteen miles southeast of Waynesboro, and seven from the Savannah river. It has a money order postoffice and several stores, and does a good local business. The population in 1900 was 327. The nearest railroad station is Robbins, S. C. 
Girardy, Victor J. B., who won distinction in the Confederate service, was a native of Georgia. At the beginning of the Civil war he was living at Augusta. His sympathies were with the South and he at once enlisted in the Third Georgia regiment, which was sent to Virginia in 1861. When Colonel Wright as sumed command of the: brigade, he appointed Girardy adjutantgeneral with the rank of Captain. His gallantry frequently won favorable mention, and on July 30, 1864 he was made brigadiergeneral with temporary rank and commanded Wrights brigade until he was killed near:Petersburg in August. 
Girth, a post-hamlet of Burke county, is located a little west of 
Brier Creek, in the southern part of the county. Thomas, on the 
Central of Georgia railroad, is the nearest station. 
Girtman, Henry L., treasurer and general manager of the Savan nah Stationery and Printing Company, was born in Hazlehurst, Jeff. Davis (then Appling) county, Ga., May 15, 1872, and is a son of Henry C. and Sarah (Moore) Girtman, the former of whom was born in Hazlehurst and the latter in Brunswick, Ga. They still reside in the town of Hazlehurst, where the father is the owner of a saw mill and conducts a prosperous lumbering business. After a clue preliminary training Henry L. Girtman entered Mercer university, where he continued his studies until he had attained the age of eighteen years. He then located in Savannah and en tered the employ of the firm of M. S. & D. A. Buck, printers and stationers, continuing with this concern fifteen years and gaining a thorough knowledge of all details of the business. In May, 1905, Mr. Girtman organized and incorporated the Savannah Stationery and Printing Company, of which he was forthwith made treasurer and general manager. The concern has already advanced to a 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
123 
 
place in the front rank among others of its kind in Savannah, 
 
having well equipped and appointed headquarters at Nos. 9 to 17 
 
Whitaker street, and also maintaining a large warehouse on the 
 
same street, and a bookbindery on Bay street. Mr. Girtman is 
 
a member of the lodge and encampment of the Independent Order 
 
of Odd Fellows, is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and for 
 
many years has been a member of the Savannah Volunteer Guards. 
 
On March 25, 1902, he was united in marriage to Miss Minnie Irene 
 
Roach, of Dublin, Georgia, and they have a son, Henry L., Jr., 
 
born April 23, 1904. 
 
Gladesville, a post-village in the southwestern part of Jasper 
 
county, is about four miles east of the Ocmulgee river. Adgate- 
 
ville, on the Central of Georgia railway, is the nearest station. The 
 
population in 1900 was 34. 
 
Gladys, a post-hamlet of Berrien county, is located about six 
 
teen miles northeast of Tifton. Heartsease, on the Atlantic Coast 
 
Line, is the nearest railway station. 
 
^., .,;.:.;..;,.,. 
 
Glanton, Patrick L., formerly a quar- 
 
x:::;llilillifli|::., 
 
termaster-sergeant in the United States 
 
army, is now established in the retail 
 
grocery business at 1110 Fenwick street, 
 
Augusta. He was born at Cold Springs, 
 
Edgefield county, S. C., April 14, 1866, 
 
and is a son of John W. and Martha E. 
 
(McDaniel) Glanton, both of whom 
 
were likewise born and reared in that 
 
county. The father was a prosperous 
 
farmer and merchant and was a loyal 
 
soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil 
 
war. He died in his native county, in 
 
1879, at the age of forty-nine years, and his widow passed away in 
 
in 1887, at the age of fifty-one years. Four sons and two daughters 
 
are living. Patrick L. Glanton was educated in the schools of his 
 
native county, whence he removed to Augusta in 1885, here con 
 
tinuing his residence until 1888, when he enlisted in Troop K, 
 
Sixth United States cavalry, with which he served three years, 
 
as quartermaster-sergeant, being first stationed at Fort Wingate, 
 
New Mexico, and later at the Pine Ridge Indian agency, in South 
 
Dakota. He took part -in the campaign against the Sioux Indians 
 
in 1890-91, being an active participant in the battle on White river, 
 
S. D., in January of the latter year, and he qualified as a sharp 
 
shooter on Oct. 1, 1891. He received his honorable discharge on 
 
 124 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Feb. 16, 1892, and on the same appear the following words of com mendation : "A good non-commissioned officer, an obedient soldier and a reliable man." Upon leaving the regular army Mr. Glanton returned to Augusta and engaged in the wholesale and retail mer cantile business at 1026 Broad street, where he associated himself with W. P. Bryant, under the firm name of Bryant & Glanton. In 1898 he sold his interest to Mr. Bryant, and on April 10, of that year he established himself in the retail grocery business at his present location. On Aug. 31, 1893, he was appointed commissarysergeant on the staff of Lieut. Col. I. C. Levy, commanding the First Battalion of Georgia volunteer infantry, and he served in this capacity until the death of Colonel Levy, a few years later. He is a stanch advocate of the principles of the Democratic party but has never been active in political affairs. On Feb. 22, 1894, Mr. Glanton was united in marriage to Miss Cornelia B. Hopkins, of Augusta. They have no children. 
Glascock County was created from Warren county in 1858 and was named from Gen. Thomas Glascock, representative in Con gress from Georgia from 1835 to 1839. It is situated in the east ern part of the state and is bounded on the northeast and north west by Warren county,! on the southeast by Jefferson and on the southwest by Washington. The Ogeechee river runs along the southeastern boundary and several tributaries of this river cross the county. All these streams are well supplied with fish. With good culture the land will produce abundant crops of cotton, corn, wheat, oats, field and ground peas and sugar-cane. The timbers are walnut, oak, pine, chestnut, hickory, maple and gum. The population, according to the census of 1900 was 4,516, a gain of 796 since 1890. Gibson the county seat is situated on the Augusta Southern railway, which brings the county into close touch with Augusta, the principal city of that section. 
Glascock, Thomas, was born in Georgia and educated in the public schools of Augusta. He served as a lieutenant in the Rev olutionary and Indian wars, was a delegate to the constitutional convention in 1798; was elected to Congress in 1834 and reflected for the succeeding term. He died at Decatur, in 1851. 
Glasgow, a post-hamlet of Thomas county, is located about eight miles southeast of Thomasville. The nearest railway station is Metcalf, on the Atlantic Coast Line. 
Glen, John, was an enthusiastic advocate of American indepen dence and was one of the! early members of the Council of Safety. In April, 1776, he was eldcted chief justice of the colony, the first 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
125 
 
man to be elected to that office by the people. After the adoption of the constitution of 1777 he was reelected. 
Glendale, a post-hamlet of Milton county, is located about ten miles east of Roswell. Duluth, on the Southern railway, is the mqst convenient station. 
Glenmore, a village of Ware county, is about twelve miles south west of Waycross, on the Atlantic Coast Line railroad. It has a money order postofEce, express and telegraph offices, schools, churches, and stores with a local trade. It is the shipping point for the surrounding region. The population in 1900 was 275. 
Glenn, a village in the southwestern part of Heard county, is not far from the state line. It has a money order postoffice, some mer cantile interests and in 1900 reported a population of 87. Roanoke, Ala., is the nearest railroad station. 
Glenn Bill. At the session of the legislature in the summer and fall of 1887 a measure known as the "Glenn Bill," prohibiting the coeducation of the white and colored races was introduced. It provided drastic penalties for those who violated its stipulations and after considerable discussion passed the house with a few dissenting votes. In the senate it met with more opposition. In the act to amend and consolidate the common school laws, sec tion thirty-six was amended to read: "Colored and white children shall not attend the same school, and no teacher receiving or teach ing white and colored pupils in the same school shall be allowed any compensation at all out of the Common School Fund." Thus modified the bill passed the house. At the same session a joint resolution was passed directing the governor not to draw his war rant for the $8,000 annual appropriation to Atlanta university, until the plan of expenditure should be so amended as to secure its ex clusive use for colored children. 
Glennville an incorporated town of Tattnall county and the southern terminus of the Glennville & Register railroad, is about fourteen miles southeast of Reidsville. It has a money order postoffice, schools, churches and stores, and is the trading center for a prosperous farming community. The population in 1900 was 269. 
Glenwood, a village of; Montgomery county, is a station on the : Seaboard Air Line railroad, about five miles southwest of Mount Vernon. It has a money order postoffice, which delivers mail to the surrounding district, telegraph and express offices, school, churches, stores which dp a good local business, and does consider able shipping. The population in 1900 was 275. 
 
 126 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Glory, a post-village of Berrien county, is a station on the At lantic Coast Line railroad, about twelve miles northeast of Nash ville. It has some stores, which do a good local business, and does considerable shipping. The population in 1900 was 54. 
Gloster, a post-hamlet of Gwinnett county, is located on the Seaboard Air Line railroad, southwest of Lawrenceville. It has telegraph and express offices, some mercantile houses and is a shipping point for the surrounding country. 
Glovers, a post-village of Jones county, is located on the Ocmulgee river, about fourteen miles northwest of Clinton. The popula tion in 1900 was 161. It has some stores with good local trade, and does considerable shipping. Juliette is the nearest railroad station. 
Glynn County is one of the oldest in the state. It was laid out in 1765 into the parishes of St. Patrick and St. David, though settlements had been made some years before. In 1777 it was formed into a county and named in honor of John Glynn, an Eng lish nobleman who was an ardent supporter of the colonists in their demands. At the convention of 1788, which met at Augusta to rat ify the constitution of the United States, the county was repre sented by George Handley, Christopher Hillary and J. Milton. It lies in the southeastern part of the state and is bounded on the north by Wayne and Macintosh counties, on the east by the At lantic ocean, on the south by Camden county, and on the west by Wayne. The Altamaha;and Little Satilla rivers, with a number of minor streams and inlets, drain the surface. The county origi nally contained many marshes. These have in many cases been drained and the land thus reclaimed is very productive. Along the coast are several islands^ the principal of which are St. Simons, Jekyl, Blythe, Colonels, Crispin, Rainbow, Hammock and Latham. Fish and game are abundant and oysters and clams are plentiful during the winter. Oyster beds are cultivated to some extent and choice Brunswicks bring the highest market prices. Fishing gives a livelihood to several hundred people in Glynn county. The timbers are of immense: value. Cypress, sweet and beech gum, white oak, hickory, live-oak and pine abound and millions of feet of lumber are cut annually. The agricultural products are sugarcane, rice, potatoes, field" and ground peas and the cereals. Fruit raising is yet in its infancy in the county, but the experiments recently conducted in this line of farming at Sterling have given an immense impetus to the industry and hundreds of acres of land have been planted to peaches, plums, pears and quinces. Black- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
127 
 
berries and whortleberries grow wild in profusion. The nearness of Brunswick makes truck farming and dairying profitable and considerable attention is given to these lines of industry. The Seaboard Air Line railroad crosses the western part of the county from north to south, the Atlantic & Birmingham and Southern railways enter the county at the western border and meet at Bruns wick. Steamship lines run from Brunswick to New York, Boston, Darien, Fernandina, Fla., and the islands along the coast. In ad dition to the railroads and steamships there are thirty miles of shell road, kept in perfect condition by convict labor and fifty miles of salt water runs and creeks, which make the transportation proposition an easy one in Glynn county. Brunswick the county seat, ranks next to Savannah as a Georgia seaport. The population of the county in 1900 was 14,314, an increase of 897 in ten years. 
Gneiss. The mineral known as gneiss is a metamorphic rock, consisting of orthoclastic feldspar, quartz and mica. It has the same component parts as granite, but is stratified or foliated. This feature is sometimes so little marked, however, that the stone might be made to pass for granite. Gneiss has been discovered in various parts of Georgia, notably in Carroll, Meriwether and Heard counties. At Lithonia, DeKalb county, there are large quarries from which a fine quality of contorted gneiss that is where the strata or foliations follow curved lines is taken. This stone is much used for street paving. The deposits extend into the adjoining counties of Rockdale and Gwinnett. The serpentine variety has been found in abundance in Towns county and is fast coming into use as a building stone. Some gneiss has also been found in Oconee county but it is not quarried to any considerable extent. 
Goble, a post-village in the southwest corner of Gilmer county, is not far from the Gordon county line. It reported a population of 107 in 1900 and is a : trading center for that section. Talona, on the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern, is the nearest railroad sta tion. 
Godbee, Walter S v is one of the best known and most honored citizens of the new county of Jenkins, and none was more promi nent in securing the organization of the county and the establishing of the county seat at Millen, which city is his place of residence. He is the owner of valuable realty in Millen and has extensive plantation interests in the count). He was born in the sixty-eighth district, in Burke county, Ga., Feb. 28, 1857, and in the same county were born his parents, Dr. Franklin G. and Roseline (Dixon) God- 
 
 128 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
bee. The father was one of the distinguished physicians and surgeons of that part of the state, having been graduated in the Medical College of Georgian, in Augusta, and during the Civil war 
he was a loyal and ardent supporter of 
tBe cause of the Confederacy, serving 
as captain of the Alexander Grays. He organized this company at Alexander, Burke county, and was in first captain, 
later resigning this office and resuming 
the active practice of his profession. 
Walter S. Godbee was graduated -at 
Emory college, Oxford, Ga., as a member 
of; the class of 1876, receiving the degree 
of; Bachelor of Arts. During his business 
career, which has been one of marked 
success and prestige, he has been identi 
fied continuously with the plantation in dustry. He was also engaged in the mercantile business for some time at Perkins, Burke county, and later in Millen his entire period of identification with;:mercantile interests covering seventeen years. He located in Milleri in 1896, and here he conducted a gen eral merchandise business until Jan. 1, 1904, when he retired from this line of enterprise. Thereafter he served one year as editor of the Millen News, and through the columes of this paper he exer cised powerful influence in Bringing about the formation of Jenkins county and the locating of : the county-seat in Millen. After ac complishing his purpose in; this regard he retired from the edi torial chair, since which time he has given his attention to the supervision of his plantation and other capitalistic interests. He compiled the data setting forth the claims for the new county of Jenkins and personally presented these claims to the legislative committee on new counties, :; in Atlanta, during the legislative ses sion of 1905. He is the owner of a number of improved properties in Millen, including one of ;the finest business blocks in the city, and he is known as one of the most loyal and progressive citizens of the new county. Though he has been in public life but little, there are few men in the state more widely known within its borders, while it may be said that his circle of friends is circum scribed only by that of his acquaintances. He is specially fond of hunting and fishing, and in both lines has made a record practically unexcelled by that of any other resident of the eastern part of the state, being an expert with ;gun and rod. Mr. Godbee gives his 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
139 
 
allegiance to the Democratic party; served four years as post 
 
master at Millen, and for several years was a member of the city board of education. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church South, and was secretary and treasurer of the building 
 
committee which had charge of the erection of the fine new church 
 
edifice in Millen, aiding materially by personal donation and in . securing the gift of the beautiful lot on which the church stands. He is a Master Mason, and as a young man he was identified with the Stonewall Rifles for several years, this being a popular military ' organization of Burke county. On Oct. 7, 1880, Mr. Godbee was 
 
united in marriage to Miss Margaret Spaeth, who died Sept. 10, 1881, leaving one daughter, Margaret. July 12, 1887, Mr. Godbee 
 
: married Miss Edna M. Perkins, of Perkins, Burke county, and they have three children Frank Mills, Walter Kingsland, and Sarah 
 
Jessie. The following pertinent excerpt from Mr. Godbees old home county paper, the True Citizen, of Waynesboro, under date of Sept. 16, 1905, is consistently incorporated in this article: "In speaking of the prominent men in this section of the state you 
 
will not find one more often talked of than Hon. Walter S. Godbee, of Millen, formerly of Burke county but now a resident of the new 
 
county of Jenkins. The new county had no more ardent supporter, no harder worker and no more public-spirited man than Mr. Godbee. His time and talents were used in its behalf. As editor of the Millen News he brought it to the front, and his editorials were widely copied and elicited many favorable comments. When he took charge of the News it needed help, and being without news paper experience his career has been little less than remarkable. His work in Millen has been for the upbuilding and uplifting of 
 
the community. He was ia prime mover in the building of the Millen high school, was a member of the board of education, was 
 
postmaster for several years, is a member of the town council and has done much for the town during his service as a councilman. 
 
The white primary has proven to be one of the greatest political movements begun by him; outside of the new county movement, in which he and others made many personal sacrifices. He also made the first speech favoring a white primary in Jenkins county. 
 
That he has been successful one needs only to visit Millen to find proofs. He was one:: of the prime movers in the establish 
 
ment of the Citizens bank, a new financial institution in Millen." Mr. Godbee is also a charter member of the new Millen cotton 
 
mill, is one of its stockholders, and takes an active interest in all public affairs of county and city. 
 
9-n 
 
: 
 
 130 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Godfrey, a village of Morgan county, is a station on the Central of Georgia railroad, near the Putnam county line. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, school, churches, and is a shipping center for the surrounding region. The popu lation in 1900 was 65. 
Godwinsville, a post-village of Dodge county, is a station on the Southern railway, about five miles southeast of Eastman. It has an express office, some mercantile interests, school, churches, and is a shipping point for the vicinity. The population in 1900 was 79. 
Goggansville, a post-village of Monroe county, is a station on the Central of Georgia railroad, near the Pike county line, and in 1900 reported a population of 53. It has some mercantile interests and does considerable shipping. 
Gold. Through the Crystalline area are several gold-bearing belts running from northeast to southwest. Two of these belts are continuous across the state from the Carolinas to Alabama. One enters at Rabun county and passes through the counties of Habersham, White, Lurhpkin, Dawson, Forsyth, Cherokee, Cobb, Paulding and Carroll. The other enters the county of Habersham from South Carolina and pases through Hall, Forsyth, Gwinnett, Milton, DeKalb, Fulton, Campbell, Fayette, Coweta, Meriwether and Troup counties. Another short but important belt comes into the state on the line between Columbia and Lincoln counties and extends into McDuffie and Warren. 
Accounts differ as to when gold was first discovered in the state. One is that the first was found by a negro in the sands of Bear creek, in White county, then a part of Habersham, in October, 1828. but that the find was so small no attention was paid to it until the same negro found in the sands of a stream in the Nacoochee valley a nugget worth several thousand dollars. Another, and probably the correct account, is that gold was first discovered on Dukes creek, in White county, in 1829. In 1838 the United States government established a branch mint at Dahlonega, which continued, in operation until the beginning of the war in 1861. From 1829 to 1849 the yield of gold from the Georgia mines was estimated at 1,000,000 ounces. Then the discovery of gold in California promised better returns and turned attention from the Georgia mines. Prospecting with the pick, shovel and pan ceased to a great extent and in later years mining operations have been conducted on a more extensive scale in the reduction of low grade ores. About 1890 a company was formed with considerable 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
131 
 
capital to mine ores of this class in the old mines of Dahlonega. 
 
Five years later there were 300 men employed within six miles 
 
of the town. The ore costs about twenty-five cents a ton at the 
 
stamp-mills and affords a good profit. The supply is abundant and 
 
the chances are that the output of gold will increase with the in 
 
troduction of improved methods of mining. The annual yield is 
 
now about $150,000. Mills are operated in Bartow, Lumpkin 
 
and Oglethorpe counties and at some other places. The equip 
 
ment of the Royal mine in Haralson county cost in the neighbor 
 
hood of $200,000. Another modern outfit is at the Wilkes mine, 
 
two miles from Grantville. This is operated by a company of 
 
Boston capitalists. 
 
In July, 1897, S. W. McCallie, assistant state geologist, read a 
 
paper before the International Gold Mining convention, at Denver, 
 
Col., in which he said: "The future of the gold mining industry 
 
of the state depends, to a great extent, on the economic treatment 
 
of low grade ores which are known to exist in large quantities." 
 
Prof. W. S. Yeates, state geologist, in one of his bulletins, gives 
 
this statement regarding the production of gold: "I do not be 
 
lieve that the Georgia gold mines may be expected to produce 
 
bonanzas; and the fortunes to be made in a day will be exceedingly 
 
rare; but there is every reason to believe, that when properly de 
 
veloped and equipped for extensive operations, the gold deposits 
 
of Georgia will rank among the best dividend producers in the 
 
world." (See sketches of the various counties in the gold-bearing 
 
districts). 
 
Golden, Theodore E., secretary and 
 
../:::::::; ^::; : . 
 
I treasurer of tli e Golden Foundry & Ma 
 
chine Company, of Columbus, is one of 
 
the progressive and public-spirited bus 
 
iness men who have made this thriving 
 
city forge to its position of marked 
 
prominence among the industrial and 
 
commercial centers of Georgia. He was 
 
born in Columbus, Nov. 1, 1859, and is 
 
a son of George Jasper Golden, a native 
 
of South Carolina, and Sarah Caroline 
 
(Poitevent) Golden, who was born in 
 
Alabama. The father died in 1881, at 
 
the age of forty-seven years, having been at the time superinten 
 
dent of the Columbus Iron Works Company. During the Civil 
 
war he was captain of Company A of the Naval Iron Works bat- 
 
 136 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
much to develop the industries of Georgia. It lies in the northern part of the state and is bounded on the north by Murray and Whitfield counties, on the east by Gilmer and Pickens, on the south by Bartow and Floyd, and on the west by Floyd and Chattooga. The surface is well watered and the soil is fertile. The principal productions are cotton, corn, wheat, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas and the various grasses. The county is rich in minerals, iron, limestone,: beuxite and marble being found, but none of these are mined. About one third of the original forests still stands and several small sawmills are kept busy constantly, preparing lumber for the local market. The products of the county are marketed principally at Galhoun, the county seat. Other towns are Plainville, Resaca and Sugar Valley. Transportation facilities are offered by the Western & Atlantic, or State road, which trav erses the county from north to south. The population of the county was 14,119 in 1900,; a gain of 1,361 since 1890. Gordon county occupies historic ground. At the junction of the Coosawattee and the Connesauga rivers once stood New Echota, the capital of the Cherokee nation. It was the home of several noted chiefs, among them were Elijah Hix, Boudinot and Alexander McCoy, and what is known as the ;Schermerhorn treaty was negotiated there. Oostanaula also was; once a large Indian town, whose in habitants were unusually hostile to the whites. 
Gordon, Frederick Barrett, is president of the Columbus Manufacturing Com pany, of Columbus, Muscogee county, one of the most enterprising and flour ishing- industrial cities in the state, and hisi interests here are varied and impor tant. He was born in Auburndale, Mid dlesex county, Mass., a part of the city of Newton, May 29, 1857, a son of James Mciinroe and Mary Elizabeth (Clarkson) Gordon, the former born in New Hamp shire and the latter in New Jersey, the respective families having been founded in America in the colonial era of our national history. Frederick B. Gordon was afforded the advantages of the excellent public schools of his native place, having been graduated in the Newton high school at the age of nineteen years. In 1878, shortly after attaining to his legal majority, he came to Georgia and took up his residence in Columbus, where he has since made his home 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
137 
 
and where he has risen to a position of prominence in business and civic circles. For a number of years he was identified with the firms of Woods & Co., of Savannah, and J. O. Mathewson & Co., of Augusta, both operating in the fertilizer business. There after he was for a decade managing partner in the wholesale drygoods house of J. Kyle & Co., of Columbus. In 1900 Mr. Gordon effected the organization and incorporation of the Columbus Man ufacturing Company, of which he has since been president. The corporation is capitalized for $500,000 and is one of the most ex tensive manufacturers of cotton goods in the south. Mr. Gordon is a director of the Columbus board of trade, of which he was formerly president, and is also a director of each the Georgia Midland railway, the Columbus Electric Company and the Colum bus Automatic Telephone Company. He has the distinction of being president of the Georgia industrial association, in which are represented all the cotton mills in the state, is also president of the civic improvement league of Columbus, and a member of the "com mons commission" of the; same city. In local and state matters Mr. Gordon gives his support to the Democratic party, and is essential ly a loyal and public-spirited citizen. For ten years he was a member of the board of School trustees of Columbus; he is identi fied with the Royal Arcanum and the Muscogee club, and both he and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church, in which he is a deacon. On Nov. 21, 1883, Mr. Gordon was united in mar riage to Miss Rosa Crook, daughter of the late James Crook, who was a distinguished member of the Alabama bar. They have two children Mary Elizabeth and Margaret Crook. Mrs. Gordon is a representative of one of the old and influential families of Ala bama, and holds membership in the Colonial Dames and the Daughters of the Revolution. 
Gordon Institute. This school was originally chartered in 1852 and in 1872 was reorganized. It is located at Barnesville and was named in honor of Gen. John B. Gordon, one of Georgias favorite sons. Its reputation has extended all over the South and it lays claim to being the largest preparatory school in the state. About 500 students are enrolled: every year, fully fifty counties being rep resented. An officer from West Point is commandant, the cadets are equipped with cadet rifles by the United States government and with a battery of artillery furnished by the State of Georgia. The institution is well: provided with buildings, among which is a large armory and drill hall, which is also used as an auditorium on special occasions. The graduates stand well in their classes in 
 
 138 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the higher colleges, indicating that the character of the instruction 
is of high order. Gordon, Gen. John Brown, a distin 
guished soldier in the Confederate army during the Civil war, and governor of 
Georgia from 1886 to 1890, was a native of that state, having been born in Upson county, July 6, 1832. Some years prior to the Revolutionary war seven brothers named Gordon came from Scot land and settled in North Carolina and 
Virginia. One of these brothers was the great-grandfather of General Gor 
don. All of them served in the Colonial 
army in the Revolution, and after the in dependence of the United States was established some of the family found their way into Georgia. General Gordons grandfather was for many years a prominent citizen ofWilkes county, N. C., and his father, Rev. Zachariah H. Gordon, was a minister of some note. John B. Gordon attended the state university of Georgia, leaving that institution in 1852 with a high standing in his class. A few months afterward he was admitted to the bar as an attorney and formed a partnership with;! his brother-in-law, L. E. Bleckley, afterward chief justice of the Georgia supreme court. Although he soon achieved prominence at the bar he gave up his practice after a short time to assist his father, who was then engaged in mining coal in Tennessee and Georgia, and continued in this line of employment until the breaking out of the Civil war. Early in 1861 he enlisted in the Confederate service and was made captain of his company. His dauntless courage and military skill soon won him promotion and he was made major of the regiment. Be fore the close of the year he was again promoted and the begin ning of the year 1862 found him as lieutenant-colonel of the Sixth Alabama infantry. The regiment was assigned to duty as .part of Rodes brigade, D. H. Hills division, in the Peninsula of Vir ginia, and on April 38, 186S,;:he was promoted to the colonelcy of his regiment. At the battle!; of Seven Pines General Rodes was severely wounded and the command of the brigade fell upon Col onel Gordon. He proved equal to the demand, however, and again at Malvern Hill he commanded the brigade, leading it against the Federal position in one of the most magnificent charges of the war. On Nov. 1, 1862, he was commissioned brigadier-general 
 
 132 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
talion, of Columbus. His wife preceded him to the life eternal, her death having occurred in 1876. They are survived by five children, namely: John P., Theodore E., George R., Wannie Lee, now the wife of A. E. Dudley, of Columbus, and Cecil Stanford. Theodore E. Golden was afforded the advantages of the public schools of Girard, Ala., and of an academy for boys in Columbus, the latter institution having been conducted by Capt. J. J. Slade. In 1883 he became associated with his brother John P. in establish ing a foundry and machine shop in Columbus, under the firm name of Golden Bros., both members of the firm being practical men in the business, in which they had been trained under the efficient direction of their father. The enterprise which they founded was of modest order but it served as the nucleus of the large and important concern with which both are identified at the present time. In 1888 the business was incorporated, under title of the Golden Foundry and Machine Company, and with executive corps as follows: A. Illges, president; T. E. Golden, secretary and treasurer; and J. P. Golden, superintendent. This official staff still remains in: control of the affairs of the corporation, whose operations have grorwn in scope and importance from year to year. The company is capitalized for $300,000; Its plant is modern and complete in all its equipments, the shops covering four acres of ground; and the institution is one of the largest of the sort in the state. The chief products are power-transmis sion machinery, absorption ice machines and cane mills. The subject of this sketch is also a director of the Columbus savings bank, the F. H. Lummus :Sons Company, and the Georgia Mid land & Gulf Railroad Company, and is president of the Golden Ice and Coal Company. In politics he exercises his franchise and in fluence in support of the cause of the Democratic party; is chair man of the board of water commissioners of Columbus, and a member of the board of commons commissioners of the city. He is identified with the Columbus board of trade, and in a fraternal way has attained to the fourteenth degree in the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite Masonry. On April 3, 1881, Mr. Golden was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Antoinette Lennard, of Columbus, and they have six children, Mary, Wannie Lee, Susie Carter, Melissa Heath, Theodore E., Jr., and William Swift. Mary is now the wife of G. B. Smith, of:; Columbus. 
Golgotha, where a skirmish occurred on June 16, 1864, is not far from Marietta and the fight was a part of the general operations around Kennesaw Mountain. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
133 
 
Goliad. In November, 1835, a movement was commenced at Macon to assist the Texans in their war for independence. A fund of over $3,000 was raised at a public meeting and thirty-two men, among whom was Lieut. Hugh McLeod, just home from West Point, offered their service. This was the beginning of Col. Wil liam Wards battalion. While the organization was rendezvoused at Knoxville Miss Joanna Troutman observed it had no flag and proceeded to make one, which was presented to the battalion at Columbus by Lieutenant McLeod, acting for Miss Troutman. The flag was of white silk with a blue star in the center, and, according to the Galveston News, bore on one side the motto: "Liberty or Death," and on the other the legend "Ubi Libertas ibi nostra Patria est." This "lone star" flag afterward became the coat of arms of Texas. Wards battalion joined the command of Col. J. W. Fannin, and on March 20, 1836, Fannin and his men sur rendered to General Urrea at Goliad, with the written understand ing that they should he treated as prisoners of war. On Palm Sunday, March 27th, just a week after the surrender, 357 of the 445 prisoners were ordered to be shot. The order was carried out, but by feigning death until night came on twenty-seven es caped. The other 330 fell victims to Mexican treachery. (See 
Lawenceville). 
' Golightly, J. P., was born in Fairburn, 
; Campbell county, Ga., on May 12, 1850. 
His father, Pinchney Golightly, was a 
: farmer and died in Campbell county, Ga., : in 1891, and his mothers name was Emily 
: Rainwater, daughter of James and Polly ; Rainwater. His maternal grandfather, 
; James Rainwater, was born in Spartan- 
: burg district, South Carolina, and moved 
I from there to Georgia in 1840, locating in 
Coweta county, and later moving from 
there to Campbell county. He was of 
English and Welsh descent and was or dained to preach as a Baptist minister in South Carolina in 1835, and preached in many churches in Campbell, Coweta, Meriwether and Carroll counties, and; died in Campbell county, in 1873, being a prominent minister in his denomination to the date of his death. Mr. Golightlys grandfather on the paternal side was also a native of Spartanburg district, South Carolina, his name being David Golight ly, and his wifes maiden name being Nancy Ogburn. His father 
 
 134 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
was William Golightly, who,was born in Scotland, moving to South Carolina and dying in that state. The paternal grandfather of the subject was a farmer and. moved from South Carolina to near Gaylesville, Alabama, buying a farm near that place, living and dying there. Mr. Golightlys maternal grandfather was also a farmer and died in Campbell county, Ga., in 1873. Mr. Golightly acquired only an English education, being taught in various com mon schools in Campbell county, and living on a farm with his father until 1871 when he removed to his grandfathers, and lived there until the death of the latter in 1873. He then clerked at Fairburn, Ga., until 1874 at which time he removed to At lanta and engaged with Stewart, Wood & Fain as a traveling salesman. He remained with this firm until 1879 at which time he located in Greenville, S.: C, forming a partnership with Z. T. Dobbs, doing a wholesale and retail business in stoves, crockery, etc. In 1881 they sold their store and the partnership was dis solved. In 1882, Mr. Golightly removed to N.ew York and formed a partnership with W. T. Roberts of Fairburn, and opened up a wholesale crockery business, their field of operations being in the Southern States. In 1885 the;business in New York was disposed of and Mr. Golightly removed^ to Fairburn, Campbell county, Ga., and read law under L. S. Roan, who is now Judge of the Stone Mountain circuit, and was admitted to the bar in Aug., 1885, under the late Chief Justice Simmons, who was then presiding for Judge S. W. Harris. In 1886 he formed a law partnership with L. S. Roan, at Fairburn, Ga., and remained with him until 1890, the firm title being Roan & Golightly. In 1893 he formed a second part nership this time with J. H. Longino of Atlanta, Ga., and removed his office there, and they have practiced together in the city of Atlanta since that date. In 1901 he removed his family to Atlanta and he is now residing in that city, where he has built up a large and lucrative practice, ranking as one of the foremost attorneys of the Atlanta bar. He has been a member of the Missionary Baptist church since he was sixteen .years of age. In 1886 he was elected mayor of the town of Fairburn and was reflected in 1887, in both cases being elected without, opposition. In 1896 he was elected senator for the 36th senatorial district of Georgia, which is com posed of the counties of Meriwether, Coweta, Campbell and Doug las, and was chairman of the committee on corporations and vicechairman of the committee on county and county matters. He has always been a Democrat in politics, and as stated he is now engaged in the practice of law in Fulton county, Ga., having a splendid 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
135 
 
practice in the counties of Fulton, Campbell, Fayette and Clayton and doing practice in other adjoining counties. In 1886 Mr. Golightly joined the Masonic fraternity and served as master of Fairburn Lodge No. 180 in 1888-9, and was also High Priest of Fairburn Chapter No. 36 Royal Arch Masons for 1891-92-93, and in 1891 was anointed High Priest in the order of the High Priest hood at Macon, Ga. In 1875 he was married to Henrietta J. Vickers, daughter of Leander and Mary Vickers of Fairburn, Campbell county, Ga., and they have seven children, as follows: Mary Golightly Roan, age thirty years; James Bernard, age twenty-six years; Aubry Rainwater, age twenty-four years; Logan Blekley, age twenty-one years; Henry Tucker, age seventeen years; Urvyle Sinclair, age fourteen years, and Helen Goodman, age eleven years. 
Gomez, a post-village of Wayne county, is located on the Altamaha river, about six miles north of Jesup. It has some stores which do a good local business, and is a shipping point for the surrounding plantations, The population in 1900 was 71. 
Gooding, a post-hamlet of Bulloch county, is a station on the Central of Georgia railroad, about four miles southwest of Statesboro. 
Gordon, the largest town of Wilkinson county, near its north western corner, is on the main line of the Central of Georgia rail way, which connects Macon and Savannah, and is the southern terminus of a branch of the same system which passes through Milledgeville and Eatonton and has Covington for its northern terminus. It was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1885 and had in 1900 a population of 509 in the town, while the Ramah militia district in which it is situated, had 1,597. It has a money order post-office with rural free delivery, express and telegraph offices, stores, churches and schools. 
As General Howard was approaching this place on Nov. 22, 1864, he sent Woods division and Kilpatricks cavalry toward Macon for another attack upon that town. Wheelers men met this force in the early morning, captured 60 Federal pickets and a con siderable cavalry fight followed. In the afternoon, Wheeler, with the assistance of a small infantry force and a battery pushed on and near Gordon attacked Walcutts Federal brigade, which man aged to hold out until ilight, though their loss was considerable, including General Walcutt, who was wounded. 
Gordon County was laid out in 1850 from Floyd and Cass, (now Bartow) and was named in honor of William W. Gordon, one of the promoters of the Central railroad, in which capacity he did 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
139 
 
and placed in command of a brigade composed of six Georgia 
 
regiments, the flower of the Georgia troops. With this brigade 
 
he took part in the Pennsylvania campaign, led Earlys advance 
 
upon Harrisburg, reached the Susquehanna at Wrightsville, the 
 
most northern point gained by the Confederates during the four 
 
years struggle, and played an important part in the battle of Get 
 
tysburg. From that time until the spring of 1864 he was on the 
 
firing line in Virginia, winning laurels on various fields. On May 
 
14, 1864, he was made major-general and commanded a division 
 
until the winter of 1864-5, when he was assigned to command of a 
 
corps as acting lieutenant-general, in which position he served to 
 
the close of the war. After the return of peace he settled in At 
 
lanta. In 1866 he was a delegate to the national Union conven 
 
tion at Philadelphia, and in 1868 was a delegate to the Democratic 
 
national convention that* nominated Seymour and Blair. The 
 
same year he was one of the Georgia presidential electors? Again 
 
in 1872 he was a delegate to the national convention of his party 
 
and opposed the nomination of Greeley. The following year he 
 
was elected to the United;States senate and in 1879 was reflected. 
 
He resigned his seat in the senate in 1880. In 1886 he was elected 
 
governor of the state, was reflected in 1888 and in 1890 was again 
 
elected United States senator. In addition to his military and 
 
political career General Gordon was one of the most popular lec 
 
turers in the country. His death occurred, after a brief illness, in 
 
Florida on Jan. 9, 1904, and he was buried in Oakland Cemetery 
 
near Atlanta. 
 
Gordon Springs, a post-hamlet of Whitfield county, is about ten 
 
miles west of Dalton. Gopeland, on the Central of Georgia rail 
 
road, is the nearest station. 
 
Gore, a small village in Chattooga county, is about five miles 
 
east of Summerville, which is the nearest railroad station. It has 
 
a money order postoffice :and is a trading center for the neighbor 
 
hood. 
 
: 
 
Goss, a post-village of :Elbert county, is a station on the South 
 
ern railway, about five miles northwest of Elberton. It has a good 
 
local trade and does some shipping. The population in 1900 
 
was 58. 
 
: 
 
: 
 
; 
 
Gough, a post-village ih the western part of Burke county, with 
 
a population of 44 in 1900, is near the headwaters of Buckhead 
 
creek and about fifteen miles from Waynesboro. Wrens, on the 
 
Augusta Southern railway, is the most convenient station. : 
 
 140 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Gove, Samuel F., was born at Weymouth, Mass., in 1822, was 
 
educated in the public schools of his native town, after which he 
 
removed to Georgia. He was one of the first Congressmen elected 
 
from the state after the Civil war and served from July 35, 1868, 
 
to March 3, 1869. 
 
Governors of Georgia. The government of Georgia may be di 
 
vided into seven distinct periods. 1st, under the charter; 2nd, as 
 
a royal province; 3d, during the Revolutionary period; 4th, under 
 
the constitution of 1777; 5th, under the constitution of 1798; 6th, 
 
under the constitution of 1868; and 7th, under the present consti 
 
tution, which was adopted in 1877. The governors under the 
 
charter were James E. Oglethorpe, William Stephens and Henry 
 
Parker, the last two being acting governors during Oglethorpes 
 
absence. 
 
; 
 
While the colony was under -the authority of the crown the gov 
 
ernors were John Reynolds, Henry Ellis, James Wright and James 
 
Habersham, the last named being president of the council and act 
 
ing governor. In June, 1775, William Ewen, as president of the 
 
Council of Safety, became acting governor, and he was succeeded 
 
by Archibald Bullock and Button Gwinnett, in order, who, as 
 
president of the provincial council and commander-in-chief, ad 
 
ministered the affairs of the colony until the adoption of the con 
 
stitution of 1777. 
 
Under that constitution the governors were John A. Treutlen, 
 
John Houston, John Wereat, George Walton, Richard Howley, 
 
Stephen Heard, Nathan Brownson, John Martin, Lyman Hall, 
 
John Houston, Samuel Elbert, Edward Telfair, George Mat 
 
thews, George Handley, George Walton, Edward Telfair, George 
 
Matthews, Jared Irwin and James Jackson, who continued in of 
 
fice for a time under the constitution of 1798. 
 
The governors during the next period were James Jackson, 
 
David Emanuel, Josiah Tattnall, John Milledge, Jared Irwin, 
 
David B. Mitchell, Peter Early, David B. Mitchell, William, Ra- 
 
bun, Matthew Talbot, John Clarke, George M. Troup, John For- 
 
syth, George R. Gilmer, Wilson Lumpkin, William Schley, George 
 
R. Gilmer, Charles J. McDonald, George W. Crawford, George W. 
 
Towns, Howell Cobb, Herschel V. Johnson, Joseph E. Brown, 
 
James Johnson, (appointed provisional governor in July, 1865, by 
 
President Andrew Johnson) and Charles R. Jenkins, who was 
 
removed by the military authorities under the reconstruction 
 
measures and Gen. Thomas H. Ruger appointed to act until the 
 
constitution of 1868 became effective. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
141 
 
Under that constitution the first governor was Rufus B. Bul 
 
lock, who was succeeded in order by Benjamin Conley, (acting 
 
governor) James M. Smith and Alfred H. Colquitt. Colquitts ad 
 
ministration continued until after the adoption of the constitution 
 
of 1877, under which the governors have been as follows: Alfred 
 
H. Colquitt, Alexander H. Stephens, James L. Boynton, Henry D. 
 
McDaniel, John B. Gordon, William J. Northen, William Y. At- 
 
kinson, Alien D. Candler and Joseph M. Terrell. (See biograph 
 
ical sketches of the several governors for .term of service, etc.). 
 
Grace, a post-hamlet of Lumpkin county, is located a few miles 
 
from the White county line. Bellton, on the Southern railroad, is 
 
the nearest station. 
 
; 
 
Gracewood, a post-village of Richmond county, is a station on 
 
the Augusta Southern railroad, about 8 miles southwest of Au 
 
gusta. It has an express office, some mercantile houses and does 
 
considerable shipping. In 1900, it reported a population of 78. 
 
Grady County was organized by act of the legislature on August 
 
17, 1905, and was laid off from Thomas and Decatur counties. It 
 
was named after Henry W. Grady, who was one of Georgias most 
 
gifted and eloquent sons and stood among the foremost in the 
 
noble task of bringing about a better understanding between the 
 
people of once discordant sections of the American Union. The 
 
county is bounded on the north by Mitchell county, on the east 
 
by Thomas, on the south by; the State of Florida, and on the west 
 
by the county of Decatur. It is well watered in every section, the 
 
most important streams being the Ocklockonee river and its trib 
 
utaries. It is traversed from east to west by the Atlantic Coast 
 
Line railway. The soil is mostly red clay with a good subsoil. 
 
There is also some light gray and sandy soil. , The agricultural 
 
products are cotton of both: long and short staple, tobacco, corn, 
 
Irish and sweet potatoes, field peas, ground peas, oats, grass and 
 
forage crops, and sugar-cane. In sugar-cane syrup this county 
 
does a good business, large quantities being shipped from Cairo 
 
every season. Vegetables of all kinds, fruits and berries do well. 
 
The forest timber is mostly;: yellow pine and there is an extensive 
 
trade in all pine products. Marls are the only minerals. Cairo, 
 
on the Atlantic Coast Line,: is the county seat. Grady county is 
 
in the Second congressional;: district and the Southern judicial cir 
 
cuit.. 
 
.j 
 
Grady, Henry Woodfin, journalist and orator, was born at Athens, 
 
May 24, 1850. His father was a colonel in the Confederate army 
 
and was killed at Petersburg, Va. Henry graduated at the Univer- 
 
 14-3 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
sity of Georgia in 1868, after which he took a post-graduate course 
 
in the University of Virginia. While attending that institution he 
 
wrote a letter to the Atlanta Constitution, which was of such merit 
 
that Colonel Hurlburt, invited the young man to represent the 
 
paper on a projected press excursion. He accepted and the favor 
 
able reception of his letters by the press and public led him to 
 
adopt journalism as a profession. For some time he edited the 
 
Courier and Commercial, two papers published at Rome, and 
 
while in that city became widely and favorably known as a schol 
 
arly and forcible writer. At the Georgia press convention in 1870, 
 
in which he was the youngest member, he made a speech that gave 
 
him almost a national reputation. The following year he located 
 
in Atlanta as the Georgia representative of the New York Herald. 
 
About the same time he became part owner and editor of the At 
 
lanta Herald, which suspended publication in 1876. In 1880 Mr. 
 
Grady acquired an interest in the Constitution and became a 
 
writer on that paper. His -power as an orator was equally as great 
 
as his influence as a writer; his speeches at Boston and New York 
 
a short time before his death being regarded -as masterpieces of 
 
eloquence and logic. His: death occurred on Dec. 23, 1889, and 
 
was sincerely mourned, not only by the people of his own state, 
 
but also by thousands outside her borders. The Grady monument, 
 
which stands in Marietta street, Atlanta, in front of the postoffice, 
 
was erected by contributions from all parts of the country, to com 
 
memorate his unselfish and; patriotic efforts in restoring good feel 
 
ing between the North and the South. 
 
Graham, a village of Jeff Davis county, is located on the line of 
 
the Southern railway, about half-way between Hazlehurst and 
 
Baxley. It has a money order post-office, express and telegraph 
 
service, school and church privileges, some mercantile interests 
 
and is a shipping point of; some importance. The population in 
 
1900 was 290. 
 
: 
 
Graham, Patrick, who succeeded Henry Parker as bailiff during 
 
the rule of the trustees, was for a time president of the board, and 
 
was afterward a member d;f the colonial council for a number of 
 
years. 
 
: 
 
Gramling, John Robinson, who was for many years identified 
 
with the commercial interests of Georgias fair capital city, was 
 
born at Spartanburg, Spartanburg county, S. C., April 30,1842, a son 
 
of Kennedy and Mary Ann;;(Wood) Gramling, both of whom were 
 
representatives of old and prominent families and both natives of 
 
South Carolina. His paternal grandfather, Andrew Gramling, was 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OB GEORGIA 
 
143 
 
born on Nov. 21, 1783, a son of Adam Gramling, a veteran of the Revolution. Kennedy Gramling was born on Jan. 21, 1813. He served in the Mexican war as a captain and was an officer in the 
Confederate army during the Civil war. On the maternal side Mary A. Wood was a daughter of Robinson Wood, who was a prominent figure in North Carolina. Her mother was Elizabeth Royston, daughter of Richard Royston, a member of one of the first families of Virginia. There is a town in Spartanburg county, S. C, called Gramling, that was named in honor of the family. John R. Gramling was educated in the schools of Canton and dimming, Ga., and supple mented his training there with a wide course of reading until he was regarded as one of the best in formed men in a general way in the community in which he lived. He enlisted in the Confederate service at the beginning of the Civil war and served as a faithful soldier until the end of the conflict, as a private in Hamptons legion. Soon after the close of the war he located in Atlanta, where he continued to reside the rest of his life. In 1874 he became a member of the firm of Gramling & Spalding, wholesale dealers in shoes, and by his energetic and honorable business methods soon won a high place in the mer cantile circles of the city. Doctor Spalding, his partner in busi ness and warm personal; friend said of him: "He was one of the most honest, straight up: and down men that I ever met. Having a perfect genius for business, he it was who was the principal pro moter of our business interests through the long years that have passed." Although MrJ Gramling began his business career at the close of the war without capital and on a salary of only fifteen dollars a month, he achieved success by his honesty and indom itable will power. Obstacles that might have discouraged other men had no terrors for: him. In 1886 he organized the Atlanta Banking Company, of which he remained president until the time of his death. In his political affiliations he was an unswerving Democrat, and though he was never a seeker for public office, he was elected in 1883 to aiplace on the board of aldermen of Atlanta. Here he was chairman of the finance committee and was the first man to negotiate cheap : bonds at four and one half per cent for the city of Atlanta. He was several times reflected and his rec- 
 
 144 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ord as one of the municipal legislators stands like his private busi ness career, without stain. Previous to his election as alderman he had served the city as one of the police commissioners, to which position he was appointed in 1876, and when the board of county commissioners was created he was elected one of the first mem bers for Fulton county. In all the public positions he^ held his course was uniformly marked: by sound judgment and a desirg: to conserve the public welfare. He was a member of the Young Mens library association, out:of which grew the present Carnegie library. In fraternal circles he was well known, having been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and was at one. time worshipful master of Atlanta Lodge, No. 59, Free and Ac cepted Masons. He was a consistent member of the Methodist church, with which he united: while a resident of Cumming, On Jan. 22, 1868, he was married: in Hall county to Miss Anna Eliza Porter, daughter of Benjamin Franklin and Delana Scott (Bell) Porter, of Flowery Branch, Ga. Benjamin F. Porter was a prom inent merchant of Hall county and a descendant of the Porters of Virginia and Pennsylvania. His wife was a noted belle and was of stanch Revolutionary stock; Francis Bell served in the Ameri can army in the Revolution in :a North Carolina regiment; Thomas Bell was in the colonial wars in Pennsylvania, and his father, William Bell, was an officer ill the Provincial war 1747-48. His record is on file at Harrisburg, Pa. Mr. and Mrs. Gramling be came the parents of the follo\ving children: Charles, Kate, Eula, Robert E., and Anna. Kate is now the wife of Edwin A. Hardin. John R. Gramling passed to his eternal rest on May 28, 1890. Of his death the Atlanta Constitution of the 29th said: "The death of John R. Gramling is a sevfcre loss to Atlanta. Mr. Gramling was a model citizen, broad min;ded, progressive, liberal and publicspirited. He was a splendid type of the men who have built the Gate City and contributed so much to her progress and prosper ity. In all the relations of life:; and in every circle that he entered, his admirable traits of character, his clear head and mind and heart made him honored and beloved. Taken away in the prime of useful manhood, his death will strike most of us as the untimely ending of a bright career, but such lives leave their lessons to carry on the good work." i 
Granite. Perhaps no state in the Union has a larger supply of this 1 mineral than Georgia. Valuable deposits of it have been found all through the Crystalline area and the business of quar rying granite is one of the best;paying economic mineral industries 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
145 
 
in the state. The largest deposit extends through Jackson, Wal- 
 
ton, Gwinnett, DeKalb, Rockdale, Newton, Henry, Butts, Clayton, 
 
Campbell, Fayette, Spalding, Pike and Monroe counties. Prob 
 
ably no granite in the South is more widely known than that from 
 
the Stone Mountain quarries. (See Stone Mountain). The sec 
 
ond largest area is in Elbert, Oglethorpe, Lincoln, Wilkes, Mc- 
 
Duffie, Warren, Taliaferro, Hancock, Greene, Glascock, Putnam, 
 
Baldwin, Jones and Bibb counties. In the western part of the 
 
state is a considerable field, extending through Douglas, Camp 
 
bell, Carroll, Coweta, Troup and Meriwether counties, with small 
 
deposits in Harris. Granite of a fine quality is found in the ex 
 
treme northeastern part, in Rabun and Habersham, the supply in 
 
the latter county being practicably inexhaustible. The blue gran 
 
ite, found at Lexington, is capable of a. high polish, and is excel 
 
lent for building and monumental purposes. Near the towns of 
 
Fairburn and Palmetto a similar granite is found, except as to 
 
color. Among the buildings erected with the Lexington granite 
 
is the new postoffice at Savannah. Tests of two-inch cubes show 
 
that the Georgia granite has a resistance to pressure of about 
 
20,000 pounds to the square inch. The principal quarries are at 
 
Lithonia and Stone Mountain in DeKalb county, four in Rockdale 
 
county, two in Bibb county :and the quarries of the Lexington Blue 
 
Granite Company. 
 
: 
 
Grantland, Seaton, was a: native of Virginia. After completing 
 
his law studies he located at Milledgeville, Ga., where he was ad 
 
mitted to practice. In 1833: he was elected to represent his dis 
 
trict in Congress; was reflected in 1836, and was one of the presi 
 
dential electors on the Harrison and Tyler ticket in 1840. He 
 
died, however, before the meeting of the electoral college. 
 
Grantville, a town of Coweta county, on the Atlanta & West 
 
Point railway, was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1868. 
 
It had in 1900 a population of 769 and the entire Grantville dis 
 
trict had 1,884. It has express and telegraph offices, a money 
 
order post-office with rural: free delivery, a bank, prosperous busi 
 
ness houses, two grist mills, a public ginnery, a hosiery mill which 
 
employs 50 hands and makes 2,000 dozen pairs of hose a week, 
 
good schools and neat church edifices. Being located i one of 
 
the best agricultural counties in Georgia, the town is a shipping 
 
point for a variety of products. 
 
Graphite. The composition of this mineral is carbon, either 
 
pure or with an admixture of iron, silica, alumina or lime. Its 
 
color varies from iron black to steel gray. It is popularly called 
 
10 11 
 
 
 
 146 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
black-lead, probably because the finer grades of it are used in the manufacture of what are commonly known as "lead pencils. In ferior grades are used to make stove polish. Graphite free from grit is used as a lubricant for machinery and much of it is used in the manufacture of crucibles, as it is capable of standing a high degree of heat. In his report for 1901 the commissioner of agri culture says: "Both massive and foliated varieties of this min eral occur in considerable quantities associated with the highly metamorphic slates and schists along the western margin of the Crystalline area. It is quite abundant in the neighborhood of Emerson, Bartow county, where it is now mined and used in the crude state as a filler for commercial fertilizers. Promising pros pects of graphite are also reported to occur in Pickens, Elbert, Hall, Madison, Douglas and Cobb counties. The Pickens county deposit is at present being developed and it is thought that in a short time it will become an active producer." 
It is also known to exist in paying quantities in Habersham, Clarke and Oglethorpe counties, and an impure variety is found in Paulding, Gilmer and Troup, as well as in some other localities. The Elbert county deposit has been mined to some extent. 
Gravel Springs, a post-village in the southern part of Forsyth county, is not far from the Chattahoochee river and takes its name from some springs in the vicinity. Buford and Suwanee on the Southern railway are the nearest stations. The population in 1900 was 42. 
Graves, John Temple, editor of the Atlanta Georgian and known as one of the i greatest orators of America at the present day, having a reputation that ex tends throughout the national domain, is one specially entitled to a place of honor in this publication. A mans rep utation is the property of the world. The laws of nature have forbidden iso lation. Every human being submits to the; controlling influence of others or, as a; master spirit, wields a power, either for ;good or evil, on the masses of man kind. There can be no impropriety in justly scanning the acts of any man as they affect his public and business relations. If he is honest and eminent in his. chosen field of endeaAor, investigation will brighten his fame and bear its measure of lesson and incen- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
147 
 
tive in an objective way. Any piece of biographical writing should be an impression and interpretation quite as much as a summary of facts, which should not be permitted to tyrannize, though properly employed as a wholesome corrective of prejudice or whimsy. In studying a clear-cut, sane, distinct character like that of John Temple Graves interpretation follows fact in a straight line of derivation, and there is small use for indirection in viewing his splendid achievements. He was born in Wellington district, Abbeville county, S. C., Nov. 9, 1856, and is a scion of patrician ancestry. He is a son of James Porterfield and Kate Florida (Tomes) Graves, the- former of whom was born in Wash ington, Ga., Sept. 3, 1820, and the latter in Abbeville, S, C., her death occurring about two years after the birth of him whose name initiates this paragraph. The latters paternal grandfather was Col. John Temple Graves, a distinguished officer in the war of the Revolution, in which he was specially commissioned by General Greene to oppose the passage of Lord Cornwallis across the Yadkin river, in North Carolina, a duty which he performed with great skill, as history records. (See Whites Historical Collections on Georgia). The maternal great-grandfather of Mr. Graves was Patrick Calhoun, an officer and legislator of the Revolutionary period and an older brother of the great statesman, John C. Cal houn. Mr. Graves maternal grandfather, William Calhoun, was an extensive planter and influential citizen of Abbeville, S. C., and owing to an impediment in his speech gained the sobriquet of "Cot ton Billy." James Porterfield Graves went forth in defense of the Confederate cause in the war between the states, enlisting in 1861 and becoming adjutant-general of his regiment in the Army of Northern Virginia. Concerning the prestige of John Temple Graves as an orator another writer has spoken in the following appreciative words: "Perhaps no American of this generation has enjoyed so early in life and in such sustained connection, so many and such dazzling triumphs of eloquence as the subject of this sketch. The nephew of; John C. Calhoun, his grandfather the patron and benefactor of McDuffie and the intimate friend of Hayne, Preston and Legare, he was born in an atmosphere of elo quence and statesmanship. When Henry W. Grady died, in the meridian of his brilliant iand fortunate life, it was remarkable to observe the unanimity with which the press and the people, of the north and south turned with expectancy to John Temple Graves, then quietly editing trie Daily Tribune, of Rome, Ga. Up to that period his growth had been gradual, but out of the nations be- 
 
 148 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
reaved hour his name flamed up immediately into fame and was soon on every lip. Since that period his career has been a succes^ sion of triumphal marches that have landed him upon the pinnacle of a national fame as the souths representative orator and one of the most eloquent of living Americans. With a brilliant reputa^ tion for college oratory, Graves began life as a teacher in the pub^ lie schools of West Point and LaGrange, making during this time two memorial speeches over Confederate graves and by the same attracting much attention. The routine life of the school room was irksome to his eager ambition, and he sought more congenial employment. About this time the sensational contest between Joseph E. Brown and Gen. A. R. Lawton convulsed the state, and the young orator and journalist caught its graphic points in a ring ing article that went into Averys History of Georgia as the finest bit of descriptive writing of that: decade. From this he blossomed easily into newspaper life and went to Florida, where he rose rap idly from reporter to managing editor of the Union, the only daily in the state. He afterward established the Daily Herald, which became the leading factor in Florida politics, and its editor be came, with one exception, the most distinguished man in the state, at the age of twenty-nine years. He engaged actively in three political campaigns and with his eloquence swept the hustings as with a prairie fire. The chronicles of 1882-7 in that state speak of his campaign speeches as without a parallel in the history of Flor ida. It was a common thing for his enthusiastic audience to carry him on their shoulders from the: public platform, and in many in stances the horses were unhitched from his carriage and he was drawn by the leading citizens through crowded streets, amid shout ing multitudes, pelting him with flowers and greeting him with adulation. And all this not as a candidate, for he always ig nored and declined office, but simply as a spontaneous tribute to an eloquence which Henry W. Grady declared the most phenom enal he had ever listened to. After having led the Democratic elec toral ticket in Florida in 1884, the health of the young journalistorator and that of his wife failed in the Florida climate, and he returned to Georgia. He was immediately offered and accepted the position of editor-in-chief of: the reorganized Atlanta Journal, in 1887, but the desire for absolute freedom and independence of utterance led him to resign this ^responsible position and its bril liant prospects and to accept the editorship and control of the Rome Tribune, which was established under him and recorded three phenomenally brilliant and successful years under his man- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
149 
 
agement, until he voluntarily resigned the editorship, in loyalty to a political conviction which differed from the views and inter ests of all its other owners. During this period, and within a year after his return to Georgia, Graves was chosen without, an effort, to lead the Democratic electoral ticket of Georgia in 1888, and thus presented the only instance in the political history of the south of a young man, under thirty-two, who had in two succes sive presidential campaigns been chosen as a Democratic elector at large in two great states and led the ballot in both of them. About this time Henry W. Grady died. Graves and Grady had been bosom friends, and the former had a letter from the latter saying that no man ever understood him as did the friend who survived him, and was destined to complete his work. Graves oration over Gradys dead body has gone into all languages, been published in all countries, is spoken to-day by American youths in all the great American colleges, and is fixed in literature as one of the few classics in American oratory. One sentence of this ora tion, "And when he died he was literally loving a nation into peace," is graven upon Gradys monument in Atlanta and will live as long as the life it commemorates. From the day of the Grady memorial John Temple Graves was in demand all over the coun try. Every platform was open to him. He could choose his au dience anywhere in the republic, and in the measure of his strength he met the obligations of his:genius and opportunity. It is need less in an abridged and circumscribed compilation of this order to enter into details as to the notable places to which and the dis tinguished assemblies before which Mr. Graves has been called as an orator, for his fame rests not only on the pages of history but in the hearts and minds of countless people. His influence has permeated the national life in no uncertain way and his impas sioned utterances, bearing ever the mark of impregnable sincerity, have swayed thousands. Even the wings of Joves bird sometimes grow weary, but not so the gifted voice and mind of John Temple Graves. Can a better estimate of the man be offered than that given in his own words? "I have never felt that I was greater than others. I believe the merit of all my work is in its sincerity. I have never in one conscious moment of my public life said one word I did not believe to be true. I have never with pen or tongue championed an unworthy cause. I have never used position, power or opportunity to gratify a private grudge or prosecute a private gain. I have loved my country, loved humanity and rev erenced God, and in the greater honors that I have deserved, which 
 
 150 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
have come to me so lavishly, I have always felt the pain of my own unworthiness and offered to myself and to the world no other explanation than I was sincere." The good and great of the land have united in plaudits to the oratory, the sincerity and to the manliness of this Georgian, and no blot mars the fair escutcheon which is his to protect and honor. From 1902 to 1906 Mr. Graves was editor of the Atlanta News, his newspaper work having been consecutively carried forward for many years, and since the spring of 1906 he has been editor of the Atlanta Georgian, whose fame and prestige are assured under his control. He was graduated in the University of Georgia in, August, 1875, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and his scholarship has been ripened and glori fied by his natural predilection and his subsequent application. He is stanch in his allegiance to the Democratic party, and in 1906 became a candidate for the United States senate, finally withdraw ing from the race because of the exigent demands placed upon him by business interests. He is an elder in the Presbyterian church. On April 17, 1878, Mr. Graves was united in marriage to Miss Mattie G. Simpson, daughter of Jack and Mary (Harris) Simpson, of Hancock county, Ga., and she died eleven years later, leaving no children. On Dec. 3, 1890, he married Miss Anne E. Cothran, daughter of Hugh D, and Laura E. (Smith) Cothran, of Rome, and the names of the children of this union are here en tered, with respective dates of birth: John Temple, Jr., April 25, 1892; Laura Cothran, Dec. 30, 1894; James de Graffenreid, April 5, 1896; Cothran Calhoun, July 2, 1901; and Anne Elizabeth, Feb. 3, 1905. 
Graves Station, a village of Terrell county, is on the Central of Georgia railroad about five miles west of Dawson. It has a money order postoffice, an express office, school, churches, good business houses and does considerable shipping. The population in 1900 was 87. 
Gray, the county seat of Jones county, is located on the Central of Georgia railroad, and in 1900 reported a population of 71. It is about three miles northeast of Clinton, the former county seat, the change being made by the legislature of 1905, owing to the fact that Clinton was without railroad facilities. Gray has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph offices, some mercantile interests and does considerable shipping. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
151 
 
Gray, James Richard, was born in Adairsville, Bartow county, Ga., Sept. 30, 1859, a son of Col. John W. and Sarah J. (Venable) Gray. His mother, Sarah J. Venable, came from the good English stock of Abram Venable, of Devonshire, England, whose name is in the records of the House of Burgesses of Virginia and on the army rolls of the Revolution. James R. Gray attended the best schools of the vicinity, and was exceedingly fortunate in being located conveniently to the school of Col. John H. Fitten, one of the most successful and well known educators in the state at the time, who prepared many boys from Georgia, as well as other states, for the sharp battles of life. He was a strict disciplinarian, a man of broad culture, and young Gray became the beneficiary of the splendid training of this accomplished instructor. Afterwards, young Gray, possessed of a magnificent training, from pious and devoted parents, attended the North Georgia agricul tural college, at Dahlonega, and graduated at that institution, a school that has given to the state and country many worthy sons who have won renown and done noble service in the public life. James R. Gray was not a ; child of fortune, and, like many others of our truest and best men, cleared his own way through all ob stacles and won by courage and industry a high position in pub lic esteem. There was nothing that suggested luxury, and there is nothing suggesting effeminacy in the life and character of Mr. Gray. His father was a lieutenant-colonel in the Eighth Geor gia battalion, and from him the son inherited the manly character that has asked no odds in;the struggle to climb to places of honor and responsibility. On Nov. 16, 1881, Mr. Gray was married to Miss May Inman, daughter of Walker P. Inman, one of Atlantas most substantial citizens. With this charming companion, his married life has been most happy. There are five children to bless the union, three daughters and two sons. Mr. Gray is thoroughly devoted to his family and to his home life. In the prime of life, with a magnificent physique, at the head of one of the most influ ential daily papers in the: South, having the confidence of all who know him to the highest degree, large brained, large hearted, fear less to do what he regards as right, it may be safely said he is in the front rank of prominent, useful, patriotic and devoted Geor- 
 
 152 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
gians. There seems to be something in the atmosphere of the mountains that gives mental as well as physical vigor to,:the youth who grow up amid such environments. A sturdy independence, an unmistakable self reliance, a courage that does not fea^; ;any obstacle, a method of thought that goes directly to the subject and arrives at safe conclusions are all characteristics of this iclass of young men. Mr. Gray was: born, reared and educated where Na ture has planted vast monuments of beauty and grandeur, .and his own life has been an exemplification of his mind and soul attuned to Natures loftiest moods. In all his business and professional career, there has ever been displayed in a marked degree, a rugged honesty, a directness of purpose, an invincible will, and an un daunted courage. In 1879 he entered the practice of law in At lanta and in 1886 became a member of the law firm of Ellis & Gray. He soon took rank among the leading lawyers of the Atlanta bar and for twenty-two years he occupied an enviable position among his brother lawyers, eminently successful in his professional Work, with no thought of changing the even current of his life until the owners of the Atlanta Journal, of which he was one of the largest holders, begged him to assume the editorship and general man agement of the paper. He consented and from 1902 until now he has steadfastly devoted his time, energy and mind to building up this great paper to still greater proportions. He has seen it suc ceed beyond the hopes of its founders, has made it a great finan cial success and a power in the development of Georgia and the South. Mr. Gray is a leader and a potent factor in every -enter prise in which he is engaged. He is not a "dummy" in any busi ness, but gives his personal; attention to all public and private enterprises with which he is connected. 
Gray, Joseph Francis, freight claim agent of the Central of Georgia railroad, with headquarters in the city of Savannah, was born at Atlanta, Nov. 23, 1870, and is a son of Luke and Margaret (Carolan) Gray, both of whom were born in Ireland, though their marriage was solemnized in Atlanta, Ga., in 1868. Luke Gray was a machinist by vocation and was for many years employed by the Western & Atlantic railroad, in Atlanta, where he died in 1872. His wife died on Feb. 4, 1905, in Augusta, Ga., both having been devoted communicants of the;Catholic church. They are survived by two sons, of whom Joseph? F. is the elder. His brother, Thomas Stephen, is cashier of the Union savings bank, in Augusta. After securing an excellent preliminary training in St. Patricks paro chial school, in Augusta, Joseph F. Gray pursued a course of study 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
153 
 
in St. Marys college, at Belmont, N. C. He initiated his business career as a stenographer, in July, 1886, in the employ of the late Hon. Patrick Walsh, editor of the Augusta Chronicle and a former member of the United States senate. From January, 1887, to May, 1888, Mr. Gray was employed as stenographer in the Augusta office of the Southern Express Company, and thereafter, until January, 1890, he held a similar incumbency in the offices of the general freight and passenger agents of the Central of Georgia, in Savannah, thus initiating his connection with railroad work. From January, 1890, until October, 1892, he was traveling freight agent for the Central of Georgia, .with headquarters in Savannah and Augusta, and thereafter he was traveling freight agent for the South Bound railroad, with headquarters in Savannah, retaining this incumbency until September, 1893, and in the following month assuming the position of superintendent and treasurer of the Millen & Southwestern railroad, with headquarters in Millen, Ga. In February, 1900, he became superintendent of the Offerman & Western railroad, at Offerman, Ga., and held this position one year, after which he served until July, 1902, as clerk in the freight claim office of the Central of Georgia, at Savannah. On July 15, 1902, he was appointed to his present position, as freight-claim agent of the Central of Georgia. He is a member of the National freight claim agents association, and is first vice president of the body, having been elected to this office at the annual meeting in May, 1905. Mr. Gray is a stanch Democrat and is a communicant of the Catholic church, being a member of the parish of the Church of the Sacred Heart, Savannah. He is also a member of the Knights of Columbus. June 6, 1892, Mr. Gray was united in mar riage to Miss Dora E. Gassman, daughter of Charles and Mary A. (McLaughlin) Gassman,: of Savannah, and they have two chil dren: Joseph Francis, Jr., and Mildred Lucille. 
Graymont, a village of Emanuel county, is about ten miles southeast of Swainsboro- on the Millen & Southwestern railway. It offers good educational and religious advantages, has a money order postoffice, express; office and business houses with a good local trade. In 1900 the population was reported as 211. 
Grayson, a. town of Gwinnett county, is on the branch of the Seaboard Air Line railway that runs from Lawrenceville to Loganville. It was first called Tripp until Dec. 16, 1901, when it was incorporated under the name of Berkely, which was subsequently changed to Grayson. It has a money order postoffice, an express 
 
 154 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
office, some stores and does some shipping. The population in 1900 was 101. 
Grayson, William Leon, prominent in 
the business affairs of the city of Savan 
nah and the military matters in the 
state, was born in Savannah, Aug. 21, 
1870, He is a son of Edward Fahm Recker Grayson and Laura Amanda 
(Patterson) Grayson, the former born 
in Savannah, March 3, 1847, and the lat 
ter i:n Gillisonville, Hampton county, S.. 
C, June 11, 1847. Ancestors in the pa 
ternal line have been found represented 
in the various wars in which the nation has been involved. Rev. Spence Grayson, great-great-grandfather of William L., was chaplain of Graysons additional regiment during the Revolution, and of this regi ment William Grayson, great-great-uncle of the subject of this review, was the colonel, while ;.he was also one of the first senators from Virginia under the present constitution, serving with Lee. John Robinson Grayson, great-grandfather, was a lieutenant in the United States navy during the war of 1812. John Langton Grayson, grandfather, served as private in the Florida, or Seminole, war, of 1836, being but a boy at the time, and in 1848, at the time of the Mexican war, he was commissioned lieutenant by Governor Towns, but as only one company was taken from Savannah during that war he was not called into active service. At the inception of the Civil war Edward F. R.: Grayson was but fourteen years of age and was therefore ineligible for service, but during the latter part of the war he served in :idefense of Savannah, under Major Shellman. William Leon Grayson entered the volunteer forces of the Georgia militia in 1886, joining the Republican Blues, in which he had risen to the office of second lieutenant at the time of the outbreak of the Spanish-American war. In May, 1898, he volun teered and was commissioned; first lieutenant on the 2d of that month, by Governor Atkinson.; He was assigned to Company M, and was afterward appointed adjutant of the First battalion, by Col. J. F. Brooks; Colonel Lawton also appointed him officer in charge of the regimental post exchange, which under his direction proved a flourishing institution. He was mustered out with his regiment, at Macon, Ga., Nov.: 18, 1898. On returning to Savan nah, feeling a deep interest in the Georgia state troops, especially 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
155 
 
his old company, he at once lent his energies in gathering the frag ments of said company together. On Dec. 6, 1898, he was ten dered and accepted the captaincy of the Republican Blues, and under his leadership the command was soon placed on a high standard of efficiency. He first came into prominence in con nection with state military affairs in August, 1899, during the Darien riot, where he commanded a composite company from the regiment under direct authority of Gov. Alien D. Candler. On Dec. 9, 1899, he was unanimously elected major of the First bat talion, First infantry; in March, 1901, he was appointed, by Gov:ernor Candler, a member of the state advisory board of military matters, on which he has since continuously served. Colonel Grayson served as a member of the committee of three who re vised and codified the military laws of the state, in 1903. In De cember, 1900, he was tendered the office of lieutenant-colonel of the First regiment, but as he had not yet paraded with the bat talion he desired to show his fitness for the office of major, and declined the nomination. In March, 1901, he was ordered by Governor Candler to Sylvania, to protect from violence seven ne groes who were in jail at that point and who were in danger of being lynched. He assumed charge of the local company and suc ceeded in conducting the prisoners safely to Savannah, after an application for a new trial, which acted as a stay upon the legal hanging of the negroes at that time. On Dec. 2, 1902, Major Grayson was elected, examined and commissioned lieutenant-col onel ; on Feb. 10, 1903, was appointed a member of the field offi cers examining board of the: state, in which capacity he has since served; and he also qualifiedifor three years as sharpshooter in the Georgia state troops. In the combined army and militia maneu vers at Manassas, in September, 1904, Colonel Grayson was sec ond in command of the Second Georgia provisional regiment, and resented vigorously the unjust criticisms heaped upon the regi ment by Brigadier General: Barry, of the United States army. Colonel Grayson is secretary and treasurer of the Officers Asso ciation of Georgia. At the time of the deplorable lynching of the negroes at Statesboro, he was in charge of the military in Savan nah but was not ordered to Statesboro to protect the prisoners until too late, as the crime ;.had already been accomplished when he arrived there. Educated in the public schools of Savannah, Colonel Grayson began work, in 1887, as office boy for Jacob S. Collins. wholesale grain and produce dealer, and in June, 1891, he became a partner in the firm, the name of which was then 
 
 156 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
changed to its present form, Collins, Grayson & Co. In 1903 the Savannah Candy Company was organized, and Colonel Grayson was elected its secretary and treasurer. In politics he has always been an uncompromising Democrat and has taken great interest . in local affairs of a public nature. In January, 1896, he was ap pointed a member of the city board of fire commissioners, and by that body was elected chairman, in which capacity he served until May, 1898, when he vacated this position to enter the volunteer service in the Spanish-American war, as already noted. He was elected alderman of the city of Savannah in January, 1903, and dur ing his term was chairman of the police commission; was reflected in January, 1905, and is now serving his second term. He and his wife are communicants of St. Pauls Protestant Episcopal church, and he is identified with the following named bodies: Sons of the Revolution, in which he is a member of the board of managers; Zerubbabel Lodge, No. 15, Free and Accepted Masons; Savannah Lodge, No. 52, Knights of Pythias, of which he is past chancellor; Savannah Company, No^ 15, Uniform Rank, Knights of Pythias, of which he is captain; DeKalb Lodge, No. 9, Independent Order of Odd Fellows; Improved Order of Red Men; Savannah Lodge, No. 183, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks: the Military Society of Foreign Wars; and J. S. Polant Camp, No. 2, Spanish War Veterans, of which he is commander. On Feb. 7, 1893, Col onel Grayson was married to Miss Lillian Turner, daughter of the late George T. and Margaret Alice (Johnson) Turner, at that time resident of Savannah, whence they came from Richmond, Va. Colonel and Mrs. Grayson have four children, namely: Lynn, born Dec. 20, 1893; William Turner, born May 17, 1897; Spence Monroe, born Dec. 7, 1900; and Dorothy Thomason. born Aug. 4, 1903. Useful and influential in all of the orders and organizations to which he belongs, Colonel Graysons chief distinction has been as a military man. One : of Georgias governors, who had oppor tunity of testing his mettle on more than one occasion, has been heard to say that "no braver, more efficient or more reliable offi cer ever held the commission of the state." 
Graysville, a little town in Catoosa county, is on the Western & Atlantic railroad, not far from the Tennessee line. By the census of 1900 it had a population of 183. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, and a few stores. Here on Sept. 10, 1863 there was skirmishing between the advance forces of the Union and Confederate armies, as they were maneuvering previous to the battle of Chickamanga. Again on Nov. 26th, after the Confederate 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
157 
 
defeat at Missionary Ridge, there was skirmishing between the Confederate rear guard and the Federal advance. 
Great Seal of State.-- (See Seal). Greeley, a post-hamlet in the northwest corner of Cherokee county, is about fifteen miles from Canton and twelve from Talking Rock, the latter being the nearest railroad station. 
Green, Robert Edgar, M. D., is the executive head and chief stockholder of the Georgia Manufacturing Company, conducting a modern and extensive cottori mill at Gainesville, is also a veteran of the .Confederate service in the Civil war, and was when practicing an able member of the medical profession, and is a leading citizen of Gainesville, of which he is ex-mayor. He was born in Campbellton, Campbell county, Ga., Sept. 29, 1846, a son of William E. and Mary Green, both natives of the State of New Jersey, where the former was born Dec. 14, 1796, and the latter March 3, 1803, their respective families having been founded in America in the early colonial era. Representatives of the Green family were found enrolled in the patriot ranks in the war of the Revolution, among the number being the distinguished Dr. Ashbel Green, who served with the rank of captain and later became the chaplain of the United States Congress, a position which he held from 1792 to 1800. He had been pastor of the Second Presbyterian church in Philadelphia; in 1812 was made president of Princeton college, N. J., served as such for a decade and then returned to Philadelphia, where he became editor of the Christian Advocate and passed the remainder of his life. He was of close kinship to the father of the subject of this review. Dr. Robert E. Green se cured his earlier educational training in the common schools of his native state and thereafter attended school in the city of At lanta. After the Civil war he became a student in the University of Georgia at Athens, and eventually was graduated in medicine. In 1864, when eighteen years of age he entered the Confederate service, as a private in Glenns artillery, in \vhich he was made a sergeant, later was detailed as commissary sergeant, still later was appointed assistant ordnance^sergeant of the post in At lanta and continued to^ retain this position until after the sur render of General Lee. After completing his medical course 
 
 158 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
he engaged in the practice of his profession, but after a few years his health became so precarious that he was compelled to withdraw from this vocation, and for four years thereafter he operated a saw mill, in order to regain his physical strength. He then became one of the interested principals in the build ing of the street railway in Gainesville and was identified with its operation for a number of years, then disposing of his interests in the same. He became connected with the. Georgia Manufacturing Company in 1890, and this enterprise has since received the major portion of his time and attention, though he has other capitalistic interests of an important nature. The com pany mentioned has a finely equipped plant and a large and profit able business is conducted. Doctor Green stands prominently forward as a liberal and public-spirited citizen, and enterprises and measures for the general good of the community never fail to re ceive his support. He is a stanch supporter of the principles and policies of the Democratic party; served several terms as a mem ber of the city council of Gainesville and two terms as mayor, giving an administration which is recorded as one of the best in the annals of the city. He is a member of the board of trustees of the Georgia normal and industrial college for girls at Milledgeville, and has been a ruling elder in the Presbyterian church since 1871. He is an appreciative member of the time-honored Masonic fraternity, being affiliated with Gainesville Lodge, No. 219, Free and Accepted Masons; Allegheny Chapter, No. 64, Royal Arch Masons; Pilgrim Commandery, No. 15, Knights Templars; and Yaarab Temple, Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. On Feb. 24, 1869, was solemnized the marriage of Doctor Green to Miss Evelyn E. Wilson, daughter of Hon. James H. and Martila Rebecca Wilson, of Campbell county, Ga., and the children of this union are as follows: Robert E., Jr., Caroline A., Mary Louisa, Elizabeth, Emmett H., Evelyn W. and Albert L. Caroline A. is now the wife of D. P. White, and Mary Louisa is the wife of R. G. Harper. 
Green, Thomas F., of the prominent law firm of McWhorter, Strickland & Green, of Athens, and a representative of distin guished families of the Empire state of the South, was born at Milledgeville, Baldwin county, Ga., July 26, 1869, and is a son of Thomas F. and Ella B. (Lipscomb) Green, the former born in Milledgeville, March 3, 1843, and the latter in Montgomery, Ala., Oct. 6, 1843. The paternal great-grandfather, Dr. AYilliam Mont gomery Green, was born in Ireland and was a scion of stanch 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
159 
 
Irish and Scotch stock. He came to the United States after the 
 
unsuccessful termination of the Irish rebellion of 1797, having 
 
taken part in the struggle, as a general in the ranks of those who 
 
were endeavoring to gain a measure of 
 
,:::?:ii:::ili|g:|s::: 
 
freedom. After coming to America he 
 
devoted his attention primarily to teach 
 
ing and scientific research, and held the 
 
chair of mathematics in the University 
 
of Georgia in the early years of its his 
 
tory. His son, Dr. Thomas Fitzgerald 
 
Green, grandfather of the subject of this 
 
sketch, was born at Beaufort, S. C., Dec. 
 
25, 1804, and died in Feb. 13, 1879, at 
 
Milledgeville, where he was for many 
 
years engaged in the general practice of 
 
his profession and served with marked 
 
ability as superintendent, and chief physician of the Georgia 
 
state sanitarium, being incumbent of this dual office at 
 
the time of his death. He was identified with the or 
 
ganization and early development of this noble institu 
 
tion for the care of the insane, and his chief work was 
 
in connection with the institution, with which he was officially 
 
identified for thirty-three years. Thomas Fitzgerald Green, father 
 
of him whose name introduces this article, was a student in Emory 
 
college, Oxford, Ga., at the outbreak of the war between the states, 
 
.and he forthwith tendered his services in the cause of the Con 
 
federacy, serving throughout the war, as a member of a Georgia 
 
regiment. After the war he entered the University of Georgia, 
 
in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1868, being 
 
at once admitted to the bar of the state and engaging in the prac 
 
tice of his profession in Knoxville. His career was cut short in its 
 
early stages, since his death occurred in June, 1875. William 
 
Corrie Lipscomb, maternal great-grandfather of Thomas F. Green, 
 
of this sketch, was a resident of Virginia and was a teacher and 
 
clergyman, having been a minister of the Methodist Protestant 
 
church. He died in Georgetown, Va., at the patriarchal age of 
 
ninety-two years. From him the line of descent is traced through 
 
his son Dr. Andrew Adgate Lipscomb, who was born in Virginia, 
 
in 1815, and who died at Athens, Ga., Nov. 22, 1890. He was a 
 
clergyman of the Methodist Protestant church, and his life was de 
 
voted to ministerial and educational work. He was for many 
 
years chancellor of the University of Georgia and later was emer- 
 
 160 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
itus professor at Vanderbilt university, Nashville, Tenn. His 
 
only daughter, Ella Bibb Lipscornb, was married to Thomas F. 
 
Green, Sr., in August, 1868, and of the children of this union two 
 
.are living. She still maintains her home in Athens. Thomas F. 
 
Green, subject of this review, secured his earlier educational disci 
 
pline in private schools in Athens, after which he completed a 
 
course in the University of Georgia, being graduated as a member 
 
of the class of 1890, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He 
 
was admitted to the bar of the state in the same year and began 
 
the practice of his profession in Athens. For several years he con- 
 
ducted an individual business in his chosen vocation, and he then 
 
entered into a professional partnership with John J. Strickland, 
 
under the firm name of Strickland & Green, while later Hamilton 
 
McWhorter entered the firm, which has since continued umler the 
 
title of McWhorter, Strickland & Green. The firm controls a large 
 
practice, representing important individual and corporate interests 
 
and doing a general law business in the state and federal courts. 
 
In political matters Mr. Green is known as a stanch supporter of 
 
the principles and policies: of. the Democratic party, but he has 
 
never been a candidate for office nor entered the arena of practical 
 
politics, preferring to give his undivided attention to his profession 
 
but standing loyal to public interests as represented in matters 
 
political and otherwise. He is a member of the Georgia bar asso 
 
ciation, is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows 
 
and the Knights of Pythias, and both he and his wife are members 
 
of the Methodist Episcopal church South. On Oct. 22, 1902, Mr. 
 
Green was united in marriage to Miss Hope Linton, daughter of 
 
John L. and Alice Moore (Wyche) Linton, of Thomasville, Ga., 
 
and they have one son, Thomas F., Jr., who was born on Aug. 
 
6, 1903. 
 
Greenbush, a village of Walker county, is about five miles south 
 
east of Lafayette, near the eastern base of Taylors Ridge. It has 
 
.a money order postoffice, with free rural delivery, and a few bus 
 
iness houses. 
 
: 
 
Greene County was first surveyed in 1784 and settlement began 
 
the same year. It was regularly laid out from Washington in 1786 
 
and named for Gen. Nathaniel Greene, commander of the depart 
 
ment of the South during the Revolutionary war. A part was set 
 
off to Hancock in 1793 a part to Oglethorpe in 1794, a part to 
 
Clarke in 1802 and a part to Taliaferro in 1825. It is bounded on 
 
the north by Oconee and Oglethorpe counties, on the east by 
 
Taliaferro, on the southeast by Taliaferro and Hancock, on the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
161 
 
southwest by Putnam and on the west by Putnam and Morgan. At the convention of 1788 to ratify the Federal constitution, the county was represented by Robert Christmas, Thomas Daniell and R. Middleton. The Appalachee and Oconee rivers are in the western part of the county and the Ogeechee has its source not far from Greensboro. About one third of the land in the county is under cultivation. The principal productions are cotton, corn, wheat, oats, sweet potatoes, ground and field peas. The soil is adapted to the production of grasses and forage crops and many cattle are raised for the market. Truck and dairy farms are operated with profit, the products being shipped principally to At lanta. Pine and the various hardwoods are plentiful in the forests, though but little lumber is shipped, and the copper and iron of which there is a bountiful supply, is unmined. Greensboro is the county seat, and Penfield, Woodville, White Plains and Greshamville are important towns. Union Point is at the junction of two branches of the Georgia, railroad, which traverses the county, one from north to south and one from west to east. The county roads, which are worked by convicts, are in excellent condition. The population in 1900 was 16,542, a loss of 509 in ten years, which is accounted for by the emigration of negroes. Before the Indians were removed to their reservations beyond the Mississippi, Greene county suffered severely from their depredations. The town of Greensboro was once burned by them, and, in May, 1787, a party of Upper Creeks made a raid on the frontier settlements, killed and scalped two men and captured a negro and fourteen horses. The militia gave chase and killed twelve of the marauders. The Indians of the towns claiming these as their men, demanded the surrender of an equal number of whites. Governor Matthews re plied, "We will deliver up none of our people, and if the Indians Spill a drop of blood, we will lay their towns in ashes and sprinkle their land with blood." In 1793 the Indians again became trouble some, and a party of them attacked the home of Mr. Fielder, a cele brated scout, during his absence. Mrs. Fielder defended the home so bravely that the Indians were driven away in terror. 
Greene, Nathaniel, a distinguished general in the American army during the Revolution, was born at Warwick, R. I., May 27, 1742. The first of the family to come to America was John Greene, a native of Salisbury, England, who was driven from his native land and afterward forced to leave the Massachusetts colony and seek safety in Rhode Island, where he became a friend of Roger Williams. The father of General Greene was a Quaker minister, 
ii-n 
 
 162 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
who belonged to that sect opposed to ".literary accomplishments," and the son had some difficulty in securing an education. At the age of thirteen years he could "read, write and cipher," which was all his parents thought necessary. But Nathaniel was of a different opinion. He made small toys of iron at his fathers forge and sold them in Newport, spending the proceeds for books, which :he studied as opportunity offered. In 1772 a family lawsuit caused him to become interested in the law and hethen commenced pre paring himself for the legal profession. About this time he took up his residence at Coventry to look after some of his fathers interests there, and soon afterward was chosen to represent his new home in the general assembly. Here he won the reputation of being the most radical of his: associates in his criticisms of the British ministry. In 1774 he: was appointed on a committee to revise the militia laws of the colony. He then entered the Kentish Guards as a private, went to Boston and bought his own musket, and while in Boston persuaded a British soldier to desert and go to Rhode Island to drill the company. His military spirit led to his being "put from under the care of the meeting until he makes satisfaction for his misconduct." His brother Griffin was also similarly treated. This action lost the Quaker church two mem bers, but it gave to the Colonial army two good soldiers. On July 20, 1774, he was married to Catherine Littlefield, a niece of the governors wife. When the news of the battle of Lexington reached Coventry Greene hastened to assemble the Kentish Guards and started for Boston. Governor Wanton, the tory governor of the colony, met the company at Pawtucket and ordered them to re turn to their homes. Greene, with three others, two of whom were his brothers, procured horses and pushed on to Boston, where they found the British army practically in a state of siege. A few days later the Rhode Island legislature voted to raise an army of 1,500 men, and Greene was appointed brigadier-general. In the follow ing August he was made one;: of the four major-generals of the American forces and continued in active service until the end of the war. To recount all his gallant deeds in the conflict would be to write anew the history of the Revolution. After the war he lived for a short time at Newport, R. I., and then established his residence at Mulberry Grove, Ga. (See Mulberry Grove). On June 13, 1786, he received a sunstroke, from the effects of which he died on the 19th. The mourning for him was universal, for next to Washington perhaps no man stood higher in the hearts of his countrymen than General Greene. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
163 
 
Greenfield, Joseph C., president of the Atlanta Supply Com 
 
pany, one of the leading concerns engaged in the mill-supply bus 
 
iness in the capital city, was born in the beautiful city of Montreal, 
 
Canada, May 3, 1863. He is a son of Joseph C. and Alice A. Green- 
 
field, the former born in Leicestershire, England, in 1838, and the 
 
latter in Belfast, Ireland, in 1840. The father was summoned to 
 
the life eternal in the year 1866 and his remains were laid to rest 
 
in Toronto, Canada. He was an officer in the British army, being 
 
a captain in the Forty-seventh infantry. His wife died in 1871, 
 
in Montreal, Canada, and thus the: subject of this sketch was 
 
doubly orphaned when but eight years of age. He was afforded 
 
the advantages of the collegiate institute at Kingston, Canada, 
 
and later continued his studies at Queens university. He initiated 
 
his business career at the age of seventeen years, removing from 
 
Canada to New York city in 1880 and thence to Rochester, N. Y., 
 
where he remained until 1886, when he came to Atlanta, where he 
 
has since made his home and business headquarters. Soon after 
 
his arrival he became identified with the mill-supply business, and 
 
in 1893 he effected the organization of the Atlanta Supply Com 
 
pany, which is incorporated under the laws of the state and of 
 
which he has been president from the start. The company handles 
 
all kinds of cotton-mill supplies and has a large and well equipped 
 
establishment, in which is conducted a substantial trade. Mr. 
 
Greenfield is recognized as one of Atlantas progressive and reliable 
 
business men and a citizen of loyal and public-spirited type. In 
 
politics he maintains an independent attitude, and is affiliated with 
 
both the York and Scottish Rites of the Masonic fraternity. He 
 
has presided over the various subordinate bodies of both rites 
 
and is at the present time grand senior warden of the Grand Com- 
 
mandery of the state. He is also past illustrious grand master of the 
 
Grand Council of Royal and Select Masters of Georgia. On Oct. 
 
26, 1892, Mr. Greenfield was united in marriage to Miss Jewel 
 
Faver, daughter of John and Marie Antoinette (Lumpkin) Faver, 
 
of Fayetteville, Ga., and they have two children Joseph C., Jr., 
 
born April 27, 1894, and Paul T. Faver Greenfield, born Nov. 9, 
 
1895. 
 
: 
 
Greenhill, a post-hamlet of Stewart county, is located about two 
 
miles south of the Chattahoochee county line. Louvale, at the 
 
junction of the Georgia, Florida & Alabama and the Seaboard 
 
Air Line railroads, is the nearest station. 
 
Greensboro, the county seat of Greene county, on the Georgia 
 
railroad between Richland and Beaver Dam Creeks, was incorpo- 
 
 164 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
rated by act of the legislature in 1803. It was founded much 
 
earlier, however, the town having once been burned by Indians 
 
before the beginning of the nineteenth century. It is in the center 
 
of the Bermuda grass region and is one of the shipping points for 
 
county products for the Atlanta or Augusta markets. There are 
 
in close proximity dairy farms which find their best markets at 
 
Greensboro. This town has express and telegraph offices, two 
 
banks, a court house, several good, substantial, well built stores, 
 
an electric plant that supplies the streets, stores and residences 
 
with lights, a cotton oil mill, which does a good business and a 
 
money order post office with rural free delivery routes. The 
 
schools are good and there are several churches. According to 
 
the census of 1900 Greensboro had a population of 1,511 and 
 
in the whole district were 2,402 inhabitants. 
 
Greens Cut, a village of Burke county, is a station on the Cen 
 
tral of Georgia railroad, about eight miles north of Waynesboro. 
 
It has a money order postoffice, an express office, some mercantile 
 
interests and is a shipping point for the surrounding district. 
 
Greenway, a post-hamlet of Emanuel county, is a station on the 
 
Stillmore Air Line railroad, about twelve miles north of Swains- 
 
boro. 
 
: 
 
Greenwood, a village of Henry county, is about four miles south 
 
west of McDonough on the Southern railroad. It has a money 
 
order postoffice, an express office, a few stores, a school and does 
 
some shipping. 
 
Greenville, the county seat of Meriwether county, was named 
 
in honor of Gen. Nathaniel Greene. It is located on a high ridge, 
 
near the center of the county, and was founded about 1827, when 
 
the county was established. A change was made in the charter 
 
in 1852 and in 1887 it was further amended. The town is in 
 
the center of a rich mineral district and as railroad facilities in 
 
crease it is insured of a prosperous future. It now has a good 
 
court-house, a bank, express and telegraph offices, a postoffice. 
 
from which four rural mail routes supply the surrounding country, 
 
several mercantile establishments, a public school system, acade 
 
mies for both male and female students, and several Protestant 
 
churches. The population in 1900 was 815 and the district showed 
 
at the same census 2,630 inhabitants. 
 
Greggs, a post-village of Berrien county, is a station on the 
 
South Georgia & West Coast railroad, a short distance north of the 
 
Little river, and is the trade center for a prosperous farming com 
 
munity. In 1900 it reported a population of 56. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
165 
 
Gregory, a post-hamlet in the northwestern part of Murray county, is about ten miles southeast of Redclay, which is the near est railway station. 
Gregory, George Arthur, managing editor of the Savannah Morning News, recognized as one of the able. and representative newspaper men of Georgia, was born in Sidney, Delaware county, N. Y., July 3, 1858. He is a son of William and Mary (Dewey) Gregory, both of whom were born in Sidney the former on Jan. 1, 1816, and the latter on Aug. 18, 1826. His ancestry is traced back to the McGregor clan of Scotland, from which country his great-grandfather immigrated to America, and settled in Con necticut. The paternal grandfather of George A. Gregory was a soldier in the war of 1812 and lived to attain the venerable age of ninety-nine years. He was an early settler in Delaware county. William Gregory was an extensive farmer and wielded a wide in fluence in county affairs. The subject of this sketch was born on the homestead farm, near the village of Unadilla, in the Susquehanna valley, where his boyhood days were passed. His prelim inary education was in the district school. He then entered Un adilla academy, and later continued his preparatory education in Franklin institute, at Franklin, N, Y., after which he was matricu lated in Cornell university, from which he graduated with the class of 1880, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He began news paper work in Binghamton, N. Y. under Charles M. Dickinson, present consul-general of the United States at Constantinople. In 1883 Mr. Gregory became a member of the staff of the Savannah Morning News, as city editor. Later he was made managing editor, which position he now occupies. He has shown much dis crimination as a newspaper man, is an able and forceful writer and a man of broad and liberal views. He is a supporter of the Demo cratic party. He is a communicant of St. Johns church, Protestant Episcopal, as is also Mrs, Gregory. He is closely identified with Scottish affairs, and is vice-president of the St. Andrews society, founded in 1750. He is also a member of the Chi Phi college fra ternity, the Georgia Hussars club, the Savannah Yacht club, the Savannah Camera club and the Savannah Golf club. On Oct. 17, 1883, Mr. Gregory was united in marriage to Louise Page Emory, daughter of William H., and Louise (Page) Emory, of Unadilla, N. Y. They have one child, Arthur Emory Gregory, born Feb. 3, 1893. 
 
 166 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Gresham, Emmet B., ex-member of the state legislature and present incumbent 
of the office of county school commis 
sioner of Burke county, has been iden 
tified with educational affairs for a num 
ber, of years, and in his present position is accomplishing a splendid work. He 
was born on a farm in Burke county, 
March 7, 1875, and is a son of Job A. 
and Annie L. (Lasseter) Gresham, both 
of whom were likewise born and reared 
in Burke county, where they still reside, 
having their home in the city of Waynesboro. Job A. Gresham has been identified with agricultural pur suits throughout his active career and is a veteran of the Confed erate service in the Civil war, in which he served as ordinancesergeant in the Forty-eighth Georgia volunteer infantry. He is a son of Edmund Byne and Mary (Anderson) Gresham, the former of whom was a son of Job A. Gresham, the family being founded in Burke county in a very early day. The maternal grandparents of the subject of this review were Orrin and Mary (Burke) Las seter, both of whom died in Burke county. Emmet B. Gresham availed himself of the advantages of Waynesboro academy, after which he continued his studies in the Hephzibah high school, in Richmond county. At the age: of eighteen years .he left school and engaged in teaching in the public schools of Jefferson county, continuing his pedagogic labors in that county for three years and thereafter teaching in Burke county five years, meeting with unequivocal sucess in his work and gaining not a little prestige in the connection. In 1898, at the age of twenty-three years, he was elected to represent Burke county in the state legislature, being reflected in 1900, and thus serving two consecutive terms. In 1904 he was elected to his present position, that of county com missioner of schools, and he maintains his residence and official headquarters in the city of Waynesboro. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church South, is identified with the lodge and chapter of the Masonic fraternity, and since 1896 he has been a member of Company E, known as the Burke light infantry, in the First Regiment of the Georgia state troops, being a second lieuten ant in the same at the present: time. He is well known through out his native county, where hie enjoys merited popularity. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
167 
 
Greshamville, a post-village in the northwest corner of Greene county, reported a population of 100 in 1900. It is a trading center for the neighborhood in which it is located. Buckhead is the near est railroad station. 
Gresston, a post-hamlet of Dodge county, is a station on the Southern railway, about six miles northwest of Eastman. 
Griffin, the capital of Spalding county, was incorporated in 1843 and was named, for its founder, Gen. L. L. Griffin. At that time it was in Henry county, but when the county of Spalding was created in 1851 it was made the county seat and three years later its charter was amended so that it was classed as a city. It is located near the center of the county, at the junction of two lines of the Central of Georgia and the McDonough & .Columbus division of the Southern railway. It is one of the manufacturing centers of the state, having four large cotton mills, with an aggregate of 41,500 spindles and 1,419 looms, an oil mill, a buggy factor}-, a foundry, and factories, for the manufacture of ice, sash, doors, blinds, chairs and pants. The cotton mills make ducks, chevoits, cottonades, hickory and domestic shirting, towels, table cloths, tickings, ginghams and crashes. Their annual output reaches a value of over $1,500,000. The city has a fine waterworks, an elec tric light plant, a court-house valued at $35,000, good hotels, a number of prosperous mercantile concerns, five banks, excellent postal service, express and telegraph offices, and a good system of public schools, at the head of which stands the Sam Bailey in stitute. The union railway station at Griffin occupies the highest point of land between Atlanta and Macon. Not far from the town is the Georgia Experiment Station, (q. v.) The population in 1900 was 6,857. 
Griffin, William H., was born July IS, 1853, on the home planta tion, located in that portion of Lowndes county which is now included in Berrien county, Ga. His honored parents, William D. and Nancy (Belote) Griffin, were also natives of Lowndes county. The father aided in effecting the organization of Berrien county and was its second treasurer, which office he held continuously until his death, in 1892,:: except one term, during the so-called reconstruction" period, immediately succeeding the Civil war, when nearly all white voters were, under Federal statutes, prac tical disfranchised. The father was a soldier in the Confederate service during the latter part of the war and was with Johnsons forces in the operations of the Atlanta campaign. The paternal grandfather represented : Brooks county in the state legislature, 
 
 168 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
though his residence was on land now in Lowndes county. The great-grandfather, James Griffin, was a private soldier in the Revo-. lutionary war. William H. Griffin, the subject of this sketch, was 
afforded only the advantages of the com mon schools of his native county, the family fortunes, in common with those of most southern families, having ;been seriously affected by the war. In 1874-5 he held the office of clerk of the superior court of Berrien county, and from 1882 to 1885 was incumbent of the office of ordinary of the same county. While holding the latter office he studied law, and in 1884 he was admitted to the bar. In 1885 he removed to Valdosta and be gan the active practice of his profession. He was elected mayor of Valdosta in 1892, and served three consec utive terms. Governor Atkinson appointed him judge of the city court of Valdosta in 1897, for a term,of four years, at the expiration of which he was reappointed for a like term, by Governor Candler, and continued on the bench until 1905. During his eight years of service but two of his decisions were reversed by the supreme court. In politics Judge Griffin is a Democrat, having always given that party his unqualified support. He is a member of the local lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He has been twice married first, on May 18, 1879, to Margaret MacDonald, daughter of Dougal. P. and Anna (Peeples) MacDonald, of Nashville, Berrien county, and second, to Miss Carrie Abbott, of Randolph, Vt, Sept. 28, 1892. He has two children of the latter marriage William Abbott, born in 1896, and Margaret, born in 1902. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South. Judge Griffin is now engaged actively in the prac tice of law and is a prominent and honored member of the profes sion. Griggs, James M. was born in Georgia in 1861, educated in the common schools of the state and graduated at the Peabody normal college, Nashville, Tenn., in May, 1881. For some time he taught school, studying law in the meantime, and began practice in Ber rien county in 1884. Later he moved to Dawson, where he was elected solicitor-general of the judicial circuit in 1888 and again in 1892. He was then appointed judge of the same circuit and twice reflected without opposition j was a delegate to the Democratic 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
169 
 
national convention in 1892; was elected representative in Congress in 1896 and has been reflected to each succeeding Congress. 
Grimes, a post-hamlet of Harris county, is in the southwestern part of the county, near the Chattahoochee river. Fortson, on the Central of Georgia railway, is the nearest station. 
Grimes, Thomas Wingfield, was born in Georgia and educated as a lawyer. He served for the last eighteen months of the war as a private in the Confederate army and after the surrender was elected several times to a seat in the Igislature. He was a dele gate to the Democratic national convention in 1880 and the same year was elected solicitor-general of the Chattahoochee circuit for a four years term. This position he resigned in 1886, when he was elected to represent his district in Congress, and was reflected in 1888. He died at Columbus in 1895. 
Griswoldville. A little station on the Central of Georgia rail way in Jones county, is about twelve miles east of the city of Macon. Though having only 79 inhabitants by the census of 1900, it has a money order postofflce and some good stores. On Nov. 22, 1864 during Shermans march to the sea, a sanguinary battle was fought here which was an altogether useless conflict. Gen. G. W. Smith had, by presenting a bold front at Griffin, Forsyth and Macon, caused General Howard to pass those places with out molesting them. Smiths orders were to stand on the defensive, but Brig.-Gen. P. J. Phillips with some Georgia State troops com ing upon a Federal force intrenched near Griswoldville, assaulted and suffered a repulse with the loss of 51 killed and 472 wounded. He remained close to the Federal line, however, until dark, when he withdrew to Macon. 
Gross, William Hickley, Roman Catholic bishop, was born at Baltimore, Md., June 12, 1837, his ancestors having come from Alsace about the beginning of the nineteenth century. He was educated at St. Charles college, Ellicott City, Md.; entered the novitiate order of the Redemptionist Fathers in 1857, and was ordained priest by Archbishop Kenrick on March 21, 1863. From that time until the close of the war he was a missionary among the soldiers about Annapolis and after the war went as a missionary to the parish of St. Alphonsus in the city of New York. On April 27, 1873, he was consecrated bishop of Savannah by Archbishop Bayley and served for twelve years, during which time the church in his diocese made an almost phenomenal progress. On Feb. 1, 1885, he was promoted by Pope Leo XIII to the office of Arch bishop of Oregon. Through his rare eloquence Dr. Gross became 
 
 170 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
widely known as "the silver tongued orator of the hierarchy." He died in the city of his nativity on Nov. 13, 1898. 
Grovania, a village of Houston county, is a station on the Geor gia Southern & Florida railroad, about six miles southeast of Perry. It has a money order postoffice, which delivers mail to the surrounding farms, express and telegraph offices, stores, schools and churches, and does considerable shipping. 
Grove, a post-hamlet of Rabun county, is about five miles west of Mathis, which is the nearest railway station. 
Groveland, a village in the northwest corner of Bryaii county, is a station on the Seaboard Air .Line railway and in 1900 reported a population of 295. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, schools, churches, etc., and is a trading center and shipping point of some importance. 
Grover, William, the first chief justice of the Georgia colon}, was appointed to that position on April 13, 1759. He was sus pended by Governor Wright in 1762, pending an investigation into his official conduct, and after the board of trustees had com pleted the investigation and made their report he was removed by the king in March, 1763. 
Grovetown, in Columbia county, is located on the Georgia rail road, and in 1900 had a population of 527. During the summer this place is quite a resort for citizens of Augusta and has a considerable trade the year round. It has a money order post-office with rural free delivery, express and telegraph offices, and several stores doing a prosperous local business, while in the town and vicinity are good schools and churches. It was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1881. 
Guild, a post-hamlet of Walker county, is also a station on the Central of Georgia railroad about four miles south of LaFayette. 
Guinn, Joseph Augustus, M. D., an able and popular physician and surgeon of Conyers, Rockdale county, is a native of that town, where he was born Dec. 17, 1863. His father was born in South Carolina and his mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Stansell, in Georgia. His father was one of the able and well known educators of the state, and under his direction the doctor received his academic or literary education. In 1885 he was graduated from the college of physicians and surgeons in Atlanta, receiving his well earned degree of Doctor of Medicine. He initiated the prac tice of his profession in Hancock county, where he remained three years, at the expiration of which, in 1888, he located in Conyers, his native town, where he has since been established in a large and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
171 
 
representative general practice. He is one of the progressive and public-spirited citizens of the place. He gives allegiance to the Democratic party, has served as a member of the city council, and 
 
;;;;;:::. 
 
at tllC p^SC^ t 1 111 6 IS 3. ill 6 111 !j 6 r Of tllC 
 
board of education. Doctor Guinn is a 
 
member of the Georgia medical associa 
 
tion, of which he was vice-president in 
 
1903; is a member of the surgical staff of 
 
the Central of Georgia railway, and ex 
 
amining physician for a number of life 
 
insurance companies. He and his wife 
 
are members of the Methodist Episcopal 
 
church South; he is a Royal Arch Mason, 
 
and is affiliated with the Knights of 
 
Pythias and the Independent Order of 
 
Odd Fellows. In 1889 Doctor Guinn be 
 
came a member of the state militia, later becoming surgeon with 
 
rank of first lieutenant, in the Ninth battalion, and in 1901 he was 
 
made lieutenant in the same. In 1903 he was appointed surgeon 
 
on the staff of Governor Terrell. In 1898, at the time of the out 
 
break of the Spanish-American war, he was tendered a. position as 
 
surgeon in the volunteer service, but was compelled to decline the 
 
preferment. On Nov. 6, 1889, was solemnized 1 the marriage of Dr. 
 
Guinn to Miss Nannie Graham, daughter of ]. B. Graham, of 
 
Rockdale county, and the five children of this union are Robert B., 
 
Mary ]., Margaret, Charles ]., and Joseph A. 
 
Gulf States Portland Cement Company. The property of this 
 
company, which is capitalized for $2,500,000, with general offices 
 
in Rome, Ga., and mills at Demopolis, Ala., consists of 830 acres 
 
in fee, located within one and a half miles of Demopolis. It is 
 
on the line of the Southern railway, and on the banks of the Tom- 
 
bigbee river, which is navigable at all times from this point to 
 
Mobile bay, thus insuring cheap transportation rates. The com 
 
pany has also control of :8CO acres of land on the Warrior river, 
 
within three miles of Demopolis. The raw materials on the prop 
 
erty are unlimited and are unsurpassed for the manufacture of the 
 
highest grade of Portland cement. 
 
Gumbranch, a post-hamlet of Liberty county, is about seven 
 
miles west of Hinesville.; Aimar, on the Atlantic Coast Line, is 
 
the nearest railroad station. 
 
Gumlog, a post-hamlet in the extreme northeastern part of Lnion 
 
 172 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
county, is near the North Carolina line. Murphy, N. C., is the nearest railroad station. 
Gumspring, a post-hamlet of Bartow county, is located on the headwaters of Pine Log creek, about nine miles east of Adairsville, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Gundee, a post-hamlet of Decatur county, is located about a mile from the Florida line. The nearest railway station is Faceville, on the Atlantic Coast Line. 
Gunn, James, one of the first United States senators from Geor gia, was born in Virginia in 1739. He received a liberal education and located at Savannah, where he began the practice of law. He was elected to the United States senate in 1789 and at the close of his first term was feelected, serving until March 3, 1801. His death occurred at Louisville on July 30, of the same year. 
Gunn, Rev. John E., S. M. D. D., rec tor of the Church of the Sacred Heart and president of the Marist college, in Atlanta, was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, March 15, 1863, and he received his early education in St. Marys college, attDurdalk, Ireland. He graduated in the Royal university, Dublin, Ireland, and in the Gregorian university, in Rome, and was ordained to the priest hood of the Catholic church in 1890. He was engaged in the work of his noble calling in England, France and Italy, and came to the Catholic university of Washington, D. C., in 1891. He was professor of moral theology in the Marist college of the national capital until 1897, ;when he was appointed to the new parish of the Church of the Sacred Heart in Atlanta. He completed the erection of the fine church edifice and also built the Marist col lege, attached to the church. Father Gunn has accomplished a notable work in Atlanta, where he has the affectionate regard of his people and the high esteem of all who know him. Guysie, a post-hamlet of Appling county, is a station on the Atlantic & Birmingham railroad, about twenty-two miles east of Douglas. Guyton, on the Central of Georgia railway, is the most important town of Effingham county. It was incorporated by act of the leg islature in 1887 and in 1900: had a population of 500, while the entire Guyton district had 2:,379. Many of the business men of 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
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Savannah have homes here and Guyton is a good shipping point for farm products. It has a money order post-office with rural free delivery, express and telegraph offices, a bank, several suc cessful business houses, excellent schools and neat church edi fices. 
Gwinnett, Button, signer of the Declaration of Independence, and governor of Georgia, was born in England about 1732, but came to Georgia while a young man and settled on St. Catherines Island. In the early discussion of affairs between the colonies and the mother country he was undecided which cause to espouse. In 1775, he yielded to the influence of his friend, Dr. Lyman Hall, declared for the colonies and was sent as a delegate to the Conti nental Congress. After the adoption of the Declaration of Inde pendence he returned to Georgia, where he was made a member of the Council of Safety and a delegate to the convention of 1777 which framed the first state constitution. In March of that year he was made Commander-in-chief of the colony and was governor in all but name. An unfortunate misunderstanding between Gov ernor Gwinnett and General Mclntosh culminated in a duel in which both were wounded, Governor Gwinnett fatally. He died May 27, 1777. A magnificent monument has been erected opposite the city hall in Augusta to him and the two other Georgia signers of the Declaration of Independence. 
Gwinnett County was laid out by the lottery act of 1818. It was enlarged by an addition from Jackson in 1818 and a part was set off to Dekalb in 1822. It was named in honor of Button Gwin nett, one of Georgias signers of the Declaration of Independence. It lies north of the central part of the state and is bounded on the north and northeast by Hall and Jackson counties, on the southeast by Walton and:.Rockdale, on the southwest by Dekalb and on the west and northwest by Milton and Forsyth. The county is watered by tributaries of the Chattahoochee, Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers. The Chattahoochee outlines the northwestern boundary and along its course are excellent waterpowers. The northern part of the county is hilly. South of this region a belt of red clay of great fertility runs through the county. The staple productions are corn, wheat, cotton, sorghum and potatoes. The native grasses provide fine range for sheep. The timbers are oak, hickory, maple, gum and; some pine. The Southern railroad and the Seaboard Air Line traverse the county from west to east, and are connected by the Lawrenceville road, which runs from Lawrenceville to Suwanee. A branch of the Seaboard Air Line 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
also runs from Lawrenceville south to Loganville, in Walter* county. Gwinnett has supplies of iron, quartz, granite and buhrstone. Gold has been found in the sands of the Chattahoochee river. Lawrenceville, the county seat, Buford and West Buford are the chief towns. The population of the county in 1900 was 25,585, an increase of 5,686 since 1890. 
Gypsum. Technically gypsum is regarded as a mineral deposit, in some places constituting rock masses. In mineralogy it is classified as a monoclinic mineral, ranging from transparent toopaque, its colors being white, gray, flesh-colored, yellow, blue, and when impure sometimes reddish-brown or even black. Whenground it is used under the name of land plaster and calcined it becomes the plaster-of-paris of commerce. The finer kinds, as alabaster, are used for statuary and for ornamental purposes. It is found in the tertiary deposits of Georgia to some extent, and in Wilsons cave, in Walker county, but not in sufficient quantity to justify working. 
H 
Haas, Rev. F. Bernard, prior of the parish of the Sacred Heart, Savannah, and a prominent representative of the Order of St. Benedict in the state, was born in the city of Erie, Pa., on June 12, 1866, and is a son of John and Mary (Ullmar) Haas. After se curing a due preliminary discipline in parochial schools Father Bernard was matriculated in St. Vincents College, at Latrobe, Pennsylvania, where he completed his classical studies, being graduated in 1885. In 1885 he entered the novitiate of the Order of St. Benedict, and in the following year became identified with the newly established abbey of St. Marys, at Belmont, N. C., being assigned to a professorship in St. Marys College. On Dec. 20, 1889, he was ordained to the priesthood, and three years later was appointed procurator of St. Marys college and abbey, while in 1894 he was made a rector of St. Marys college, retaining this position until his removal to: Savannah, in July, 1902. In 1902 the Sacred Heart parish of this city was raised to a priory and Father Bernard was appointed to his present office, that of prior, in which position he has ably met the demands placed upon him in a spir itual and administrative way, having been specially successful in educational work at the college, while the entire supervision of the new buldings, including;church, rectory and college, has been entrusted to his care. Uponshis arrival in Savannah he opened the Benedictine college, with one class, and as the result of his earnest 
 
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and able efforts the institution has gained recognition as being one of the best in the city, its work being especially thorough and systematic. Father Bernard has gained a strong hold upon the esteem and affection of the Catholic people of Savannah and has stanch friends among all classes of citizens, irrespective of relig ious affiliations, while he is to be congratulated for the noble work which he is accomplishing in his field of endeavor. 
Habersham County was laid out by the lottery act of 1818 and was named for Joseph Plabersham. In 1905 a portion of it was set off to form Stephens county. Prior to that time it was bounded on the north by Rabun county, on the northeast by the State of South Carolina, from which it is separated by the Tugaloo river, on the southeast by Franklin, on the south by Banks, on the southwest by Hall, on the west by White, and a small portion of the north western boundary is formed by Towns. The surface is rather rough and there are several mountains, the most noted of which is Currahee, which rises in a conical form to the height of 900 feet. On the east it descends to the level of the surrounding region, but on the western side, after descending for several hundred feet, it blends with the ridge which unites it to the Appalachian highlandi The celebrated Tallulah Falls, one of the most picturesque in the world, are also in this vicinity. For years they were claimed by Habersham county, but a decision of the supreme court of the state adjudged them to Rabun. The soils are varied. The uplands are adapted to the production of fruit, the lowlands to such crops as peas, corn, hay and melons, while the lands along the Tugaloo are productive of wheat, :rye and oats. Some cotton is raised in the southern part. The timber consists of white and post oak, maple, hickory, beech, walnut, cedar and pine. Citizens of Haber sham claim that the county has almost unlimited mineral wealth and with proper development will have some of the richest mines in the Appalachian region. ( Iron of excellent quality is found and there are almost inexhaustible beds of granite as well as deposits of gold, copper, manganese, ochre, marble, slate, graphite, mica, talc and sandstone. A mine of asbestos is being worked with profit. The people are engaged to quite an extent in manufactur ing. Clarkesville is the : county seat. Turnerville, Anandale and Tallulah Lodge are the principal towns of the county. The Tallulah Falls railroad;! furnishes facilities for transportation. The population in 1900 was 13,604, a gain of 2,031 in ten years. 
Habersham, James, governor of Georgia from 1769 to 1772, was born in England in 1712. He came to Savannah in 1738 and in 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
company with George Whitefield was instrumental in establishing the Bethesda Orphans Home, (q. v.) of which he was president until 1744. He then founded the first mercantile house of the colony, under the firm name of Harris & Habersham; was ap pointed commissioner to promote silk culture in 1750; secretary of the province and a councilor; in 1754;: and president of the upper house of the assembly in 1767. i During Governor Wrights absence in England, from 1769 to 1772, he: acted as governor of the colony and to him belongs the honor of raising and exporting the first cotton from the colony. He died on August 28, 1775. 
Habersham, John, member of the Continental Congress, was a son of James Habersham, and was born on his fathers plantation, nine miles from Savannah, Dec. 23, 1744. He was educated at Princeton college and on Jan. 7; 1776, enlisted in the Colonial army as a first lieutenant, his first engagement being that for the pos session of the rice ships in front of Savannah. From that time on he was active in the military operations in Georgia and bore the flag of truce to Colonel Prevost at Medway Church to ask that medical aid might be sent to General Screven. He distinguished himself at Brier creek, although the Americans were defeated; was outlawed by the royalist legislature of 1780; was a member of the executive council in 1784;:; was a delegate to the Continental Congress in 1785-86; was appointed one of Georgias commis sioners to the Beaufort convention to adjust the boundaries be tween Georgia and South Carolina; was later made collector of the port of Savannah and held that position until his death, which occurred on Dec. 17, 1799. I 
Habersham, Joseph, son of James Habersham, was born at Savannah on July 28, 1751. Although his father held an important position under the crown, the s:pn was one of the most active and resourceful advocates of liberty. Early in 1775 he, in company with Captain Bowen, was appointed to command a schooner, said to be the first vessel fitted out in the interests of the colonists. It was this vessel which, on July 10, 1775, captured a ship bearing a cargo of powder, and commanded by Lieutenant-Colonel Maitlancl. In January, 1776, he was made major in the organization of the Georgia troops, and a few days later captured Governor W right. In March following; he commanded the company of riflemen that attacked the Hinehinbrooke, British man-of-war, as she lay aground in Back river, near Hutchinsons island. After the war he was appointed postmaster-general by President Washing- 
 
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ton, being the third man to ever hold that position. He died on Nov. 17, 1815. 
Habersham, Richard W., was born in Savannah in 1780. He graduated at Princeton college in 1805, studied law and was ad mitted to the bar. In 1838 and again in 1840 he was elected repre sentative to Congress as a State Rights Democrat. He died in 1842. 
Hackett, Thomas C., was a native of Georgia and was educated in the schools of that state. His most important public service was as representative in Congress, to which office he was elected in 1848 and served one term. He died at Marietta in October, 1851. 
Haddock, a village of Jones county, is located on the Georgia railroad, about six miles east of Cliritons and in 1900 reported a population of 200. It has a money order postofnce with free rural delivery, express and telegraph offices, stores with good local trade and does considerable, shipping. 
Haden, Charles J., a leading member of the bar of the city of Atlanta, giving his attention more particularly to cor poration law and having a representa tive clientele, was born at New Hope, Madison county, Ala., March 17, 1863. He is a son of John Tate and Clemenza (Pickens) Haden, the former of whom was born in the beautiful old town of Charlottesville, in the Shenandoah val ley of Virginia, in the year 1812, and the latter in Huntsville, Ala., in 1830. John Tate Haden was a scion of an old Scotch-Irish family which settled near Charlottesville, in the early part of the eighteenth century, and his grandfather was a patriot soldier in the Continental line during the war of the Revolution. John T. Haden was a member of a Virginia company which took up lands in the beautiful Tennessee valley of northern Alabama, in 1830, and he settled in :the vicinity of Huntsville, where he became a planter. He became prominent in the political affairs of the state, and served several; terms in the Alabama Igislature. He enlisted for service in the Mexican war, but as Madison county had alrady furnished its quota the company of which he was a member was disbanded by the state authorities. He was opposed to secession but yielded to the will of the majority and manifested 
12-11 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
unequivocal loyalty to the Confederacy. Being himself too old for military duty, in 1861, at his own expense he fitted out the company commanded by Capt. I. D. Wann, (who later rose to the rank of Colonel,) providing a, full equipment of guns, haversacks, etc. Clemenza Pickens Haden was a granddaughter of Gen. Andrew Pickens, who won distinction as an officer in the war of the Revolution, cooperating with Gen. Francis Marion; was in command of the militia at the battle of Cowpens, and in 1794 he was elected to Congress. Charles J. Haden received a good com mon-school education, and had the further discipline of a printing office, which training has been pronounced equivalent to a liberal education. He learned the "art preservative" in his youth, and rose from the position of compositor to that of reporter and finally became editor and correspondent. He travelled extensively in Eu rope and America and during this period did considerable effective work as a magazine writer.; As a boy he located in Atlanta in 1881, and later studied law iand was here admitted to the bar in 1891. He has been engageit in the practice of his profession in Atlanta sincee 1892 and has risen to prominence and attained pre cedence as an able attorney and counsellor. He is a man of large affairs. His practice is now-confined mainly to large corporations operating in the timbered lands of Georgia, Florida and Alabama and in representing northern investors interested in southern in dustrial enterprises. He is personally a stockholder in a number of the companies by which he is retained as counsel. Mr. Haden gives a stalwart allegiance to the Democratic party and while he is active and influential in its councils he has never sought official preferment of any description. He was a member of the state executive committee of his party for several years. He and his wife are members of the First Methodist Episcopal church South, in Atlanta, of which he is a steward, and he is identified with the Masonic fraternity, the Atlanta bar association, the Capital City club and .the Piedmont Driving club. Mr. Haden has attained reputation as a public speaker and has been very active in efforts to forward the development pf the South. His speech before the Georgia State agricultural society, at Augusta, in 1893, favoring foreign immigration, aroused considerable discussion on the sub ject. He was invited by the Illinois bankers association to ad dress that body, at Peoria, in :1902, and the title of his address was, "The South a Field Where the West may Expand." This speech was widely and favorably quoted in the northern press. His address before the Daughters^ of the Revolution at Atlanta in 1902, 
 
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179 
 
"The South in the Revolution," has been-read aloud at more than one hundred meetings of the Daughters of the Revolution in various parts of the South, and the regent of the Order from Georgia placed a copy of the same in the memorial hall in the national capital. Mr. Haden has been a warm advocate of sectional peace and good will, believing, as he states, that "sufficient unto each generation are the quarrels thereof." He had a wide ac quaintanceship through the north. On Oct. 16, 1895, Mr. Haden was united in marriage to Miss Annie Bates, daughter of Milledge L. and Emma (Alien) Bates, of Atlanta. They have no children. 
Hagan, a village of Tattnall county, is located at the junction of the Seaboard Air Line and the Register & Glennville railroads and is the trade center and shipping point for a prosperous farming community. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, stores and good educational and religious advantages. The population in 1900 was 250. 
Hagler, John C., president of the Standard Brick Company, of Augusta, Ga., was born in Exeter, Scott county, 111., Oct. 2, 1868. He is a son of John C. and Catharine (Stevenson) Hagler, the former born and reared in Tennessee, and the latter was born in New Jersey. The father devoted the major portion of his active career to agricultural persuits, and was a resident of Christian county, 111., at the time of his death, which occurred in 1882, his wife passing away on May 24, 1900. John C. Hagler, Sr., was a southerner by birth, but was a resident of Illinois during the period of the Civil war, being exempt from military service by reason of having passed the age limit. Three of his brothers were in the service as loyal soldiers of the Confederacy, and two of them were killed in battle. John C. Hagler, Jr., passed his boyhood and youth on the homestead farm, in Christian county, 111., and received such advantages as were afforded by the excellent public schools of the locality. At the age of seventeen years he set forth to learn the trade of brickmaking, and in the meanwhile also learned the trade of bricklaying. He was employed at both trades in Kansas City, Mo., and for two years thereafter followed the trade of bricklaying exclusively. In 1892 he located in the city of Augusta, where he engaged in business as a general building con tractor, was successful in his efforts and continued in this; line of business until 1899, whert he associated himself with three others and effected the purchase of the old Boswell brick works. The concern was forthwith incorporated under the title of the Standard Brick Company. In 1901 Mr. Hagler and one of his partners 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
bought the interests of the other two partners, and in 1903 Mr. Hagler purchased the interest of the remaining partner, thus be coming the sole owner of the plant and business. He has since transferred a one-sixth interest to his brother, William K. The companys plant is modern in equipment and the business is a large and substantial one. Mr. Hagler exercises his franchise in support of the Democratic party and in a fraternal way he is identified with the Knights of Pythias. On March 2, 1897, he mar ried Miss Katharine H. Waterman, of San Francisco, Cal., and they have three children John C., Jr., born March 1, 1899; Katharine W., born March 31, 1901; and Edward C, born Dec. 16, 1904. 
Hahira, an incorporated town of Lowndes county, is a station on the Georgia Southern & Florida railroad and in 1900 reported a popration of 302. It has a money order postoffice with free rural delivery, express and telegraph offices, good schools, churches, stores with good local trade, and does considerable 
shipping. Halcyondale, a village of Screven county, is located about fifteen 
miles south of Sylvania, on the Central of Georgia railroad, and in 1900 reported a population of 150. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph service, good schools and churches, several good mercantile establishments and is a shipping point of some importance. 
When the Central of Georgia was first built the stations were numbered instead of named. Halcyondale was known as "Station No. 5," and under this name it appears in the reports of the Civil war as being the scene of a slight skirmish on Dec. 4, 1864, as Sherman was drawing his lines about Savannah. 
Hale, Walter, is one of Georgias prominent railroad men making head 
quarters in the city of Savannah, where 
he is superintendent of the fifth division 
of the Seaboard Air Line. Mr. Hale claims: the old Bay State as the place of his nativity, having been born in Winch- 
endon, Worcester county, Mass., May 
8, 1852, and being a son of Luke and Sophronia (Wyman) Hale, both of 
whom^were likewise born in Massachu 
setts, of stanch colonial stock. The father ;:was a mechanic by vocation and continued a resident of Massachusetts until his death, which oc- 
 
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181 
 
cured in 1896, at the age of seventy-six years. His widow still lives in Winchendon, at a venerable age. Walter Hale was reared and educated in his native state, duly availing himself of the ad vantages of the public schools and then entering the Worcester polytechnic institute, at Worcester, Mass., where he gained valu able discipline along the specific lines of the vocation to which he had determined to devote himself. After leaving the institute Mr. Hale in 1870 entered the office of the city engineer of Wor cester, this official also being chief engineer of the Worcester & Nashua railroad, now a portion of the Boston & Maine system. In this connection Mr. Hale had valuable experience as a civil engi neer, and from that period until the present he has been closely identified with railroading interests save for intervals of slight duration. He has been employed in various capacities and by various railroad companies, in the east, south and northwest, and his experience has been varied and of the most practical order. In 1901 he entered the employ of the Seaboard Air Line, as super intendent of the fourth division, which was later made the fifth division, and this important position he has since filled, with un qualified acceptability, having maintained his headquarters in Sa vannah from the time of assuming the office. He is a member of the Oglethorpe club and is identified with the Masonic fraternity, having been raised to the sublime degree of Master Mason when twenty-one years of age. On Dec. 24, 1879, Mr. Hale was united in marriage to Miss Margaret R. Young, who was born in the province of Ontario, Canada, though she was a resident of Kansas City, Kan., at the time of her marriage. The only child of Mr. and Mrs. Hale is Cora M., who is now the wife of William J. Kelly, vice-president and treasurer of the Naval Stores Export Company, of Jacksonville, Fla. 
Halfway, a post-hamlet of Lumpkin county, is not far from the Hall county line. Lula, on the Southern railway, is the most convenient station. 
Hall, Boiling, was born in Georgia in 1789. He received a classi cal education; served in the state legislature; was elected repre sentative in Congress as a. Democrat in 1812; reflected in 1814 and again in 1816. After retiring from Congress he removed to Alabama where he became a planter, and died there in 1836. 
 
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.,.,,,,,.. 
 
Hall, Charles H., M. D., who has 
 
achieved beneficient success in one of 
 
the most exacting of all vocations to 
 
which man may turn his attention and 
 
devote his life, has been engaged in 
 
practice of his profession in the city of 
 
Macon since the close of the war be 
 
tween the states. He was born in Mil- 
 
ledgeville, the former capital of Georgia, 
 
Nov. 24, 1832, and is a son of Thomas 
 
Hartley and Harriet E. (Harris) Hall, 
 
the former born in the city of Philadel 
 
phia, Pa., and the latter in Baldwin 
 
county, Ga. He traces his ancestral line to English gentry of the 
 
professional class. The original American progenitor was Dr. 
 
Richard Hall, who, with his wife and several children, came from 
 
England prior to 1638 and took up his abode in what was later 
 
organized as Warwick county, Va. Here his son Richard II, was 
 
reared to manhood and married. When Maryland offered special 
 
inducements to those who would locate within its borders and 
 
when so many of Mr. Halls Quaker brethren were availing them 
 
selves of these opportunities and advantages, he decided to settle 
 
on the western shore of that colony, in what was later erected as 
 
Calvert county. He became a prominent and influential citizen 
 
of Maryland and there acquired wealth and honor. He was a 
 
member of the house of burgesses for six years and was a leader 
 
in its councils and deliberations. He was a member of the Society 
 
of Friends and was thus essentially, as well as intuitively, a man 
 
of peace. His family removed to Cecil county, Md., where was 
 
born the grandfather of Doctor Hall, who is of the eighth genera 
 
tion in direct descent from Richard Hall II. His grandfather was 
 
Doctor James Hall, a skilled physician of his day, who married 
 
Miss Eleanor Hartley, a daughter of Col. Thomas Hartley, whose 
 
name is distinguished in Revolutionary annals and in the nations 
 
public affairs. Colonel Hartley became a lieutenant in the Conti 
 
nental service in 1774 and later was colonel in command of a 
 
brigade. He took part in the Canadian campaign, participated in 
 
the engagements at Brandywine and Germantown, and had com 
 
mand of an independent company in northwestern Pennsylvania. 
 
He was elected to Congress in 1779 and was a member of the con 
 
vention which ratified the constitution of the United States. Dr. 
 
Charles H. Hall, the immediate subject of this review, secured his 
 
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183 
 
early educational training at Midway, near Milledgeville, and later continued his studies in Oglethorpe university, which was then located at Midway and which was later removed to Atlanta, its existence terminating in 1872. As a youth he began the study of medicine, under able preceptorship, and was finally graduated in a medical college in the city of Philadelphia. At the beginning of the war between the states he entered the Confederate service as surgeon and continued in the medical department of the serv ice until the close of the great internecine conflict. He soon gained recognition as one of the leading members of the govern ments medical staff and was on active duty as field surgeon in the memorable seven days fighting around Richmond. His health became impaired and he returned to Georgia, being detailed to an important charge in the post at Macon, where he rendered effec tive professional service during the remainder of the war. Prior to this he had been engaged in the practice of his profession in Milledgeville for several years, but after the war he continued his residence in Macon, where he has followed his profession with zeal and devotion during the long intervening years, keeping in touch with the advances made in both departments of the same and building up a large and representative practice. He is a liberal and public-spirited citizen and has ever been arrayed as a stalwart supporter of the cause of the Democrat party. The maiden name of Dr. Halls wife was Aurelia Kenan, a daughter of Col. Michael J. and Catherine (Spalding) Kenan, who were residents of Sapelo Island, Ga. Mrs. Hall is descended from the famous MacKay and Mclntosh families, who were among the first Scotch highlanders to come to Georgia. John Mohr Mclntosh, who led those of the name to this state, was her direct ancestor and his son William, who married a MacKay, was her mothers great-grandfather, his daughter having married James Spalding, the famous Scotch mer chant who named St. Simons Island, Ga. Hymar Spalding, grand father of Mrs. Hall, descended directly from the Mclntoshes, MacKays and Spaldings, whose names are honored in the history of the "Empire state of the south." Of the seven children of Doc tor and Mrs. Hall five are living, Kenan, the first born, and Clif ford, the youngest, being deceased. The living children are: Mrs. Eleanor Hartley Jaques, Mrs. Catherine Taylor, Mrs. Aurie Talbott, Charles H., Jr., and Thomas H. 
Hall County was created by the lottery act of 1818 and named in honor of Dr. Lyman Hall, one of the Georgia signers of the Declaration of Independence and governor of the state from 1783 
 
 184 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
to 1784. It is in the northern part of the state and is bounded by White and Lumpkin counties on the north, Stephens on the north east, Banks on the east, Jackson on the southeast, Gwinnett on the south and southeast, Forsyth and Dawson on the west, and Lumpkin on the northwest. The principal rivers are the Chattahoochee, Little Oconee and; Chestatee. Besides these there are numerous creeks. The soil along all the streams is fertile and good crops of cotton, corn, sweet and Irish potatoes, sorghum and sugar-cane are raised. All kinds of fruits are cultivated, but only apples are shipped. The county is especially rich in minerals. Gold is mined extensively, building stone of good quality is abun dant and there are deposits of lead, iron and silver. Throughout the county there are mineral springs, the most noted of which are chalybeate, and the Oconee White Sulphur springs, near Gainesville, which are popular as a health resort. About half the land is still covered with hard-wood forests and the output of lumber is considerable. Manufacturing is carried on to some extent, espe cially along the streams where water-power is available. Lime and brick are among the leading articles of export. Gainesville, the county seat, Flowery Branch, Lula and Bellton are the chief towns. Transportation facilities are good. The Southern rail way traverses the county from northeast to southwest and the Gainesville, Jefferson & Southern run through the southern por tion. The produce of the surrounding country is marketed prin cipally at Gainesville, which is widely known as the seat of the Brenau College and Conservatory of Music. 
Hall, Joseph H., a leading member of the Macon bar and repre sentative of Bibb county in the state legislature, was born in Knoxville, Crawford county, : Georgia, March 31, 1852, and is a son of Samuel and Sarah G. (Ashe) Hall, the former native of South Carolina and the latter!;of North Carolina. The father was a lawyer by profession and was engaged in practice at Knoxville, Georgia, several years, being a citizen of prominence and influ ence. He was a member of the state supreme court four and a half years, holding this office at the time of his death. Joseph H. Hall completed his literary education in the University of Geor gia, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1873. He then read law in the office and under the preceptorship of his father, being admitted to the bar of Crawford county in 1874. He removed to Macon in 1876: and has ever since been engaged in practice in that city, controlling a large and representative clien tage. In 1898 he was elected to represent Bibb county in the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
185 
 
state legislature, and by successive reflections he has served four 
 
terms. He is a stanch Democrat in his political adherency and 
 
prominent in the councils of the party in his native state. Mr. 
 
Hall is one of Macons progressive and loyal citizens. In 1881 he 
 
married Miss Ida Y. Tutwiler, daughter of Dr. Henry Tutwiler, 
 
of Hale county, Ala., and they have five children. 
 
Hall, Lyman, governor of Georgia in 1783, and one of the 
 
signers of the Declaration of Independence, was born in Connec 
 
ticut in 1731 and was educated at Yale college. After completing 
 
a medical course he removed to Dorchester, S. C, and later lo 
 
cated at Sunbury, Ga., where he built up a lucrative practice. He 
 
was an enthusiastic patriot; was a:member of the Provincial Con 
 
gress in 1774 and 1775; was selected by the people of St. Johns 
 
parish to represent them in the Continental Congress of 1775,: be 
 
ing the only delegate from Georgia., which had not yet decided to 
 
join the revolutionary movement. Doctor Hall was allowed to 
 
participate in the debates but did not vote. On his return to 
 
Georgia he was largely instrumental in inducing Georgia to join 
 
with her sister colonies in their resistance to British tyranny. 
 
He was again sent as a delegate to the Continental Congress, 
 
where he served until 1780. During the British occupation of 
 
Georgia, he removed with his family to the north, but returned 
 
in 1782 and was elected governor the following year. He died in 
 
Burke county, Oct. 19, 1790. 
 
Hall, Samuel, was born: in Chester district, S. C., Oct. 20, 1820. 
 
At the age of seventeen years he came with his parents to Georgia 
 
and in 1841 was graduated at Franklin college, afterward the Uni 
 
versity of Georgia, The : following year he was admitted to the 
 
bar in Crawford county arid soon made for himself an excellent 
 
reputation as an attorney. Although he took some interest in 
 
politics the law best suited his turn of mind. In 1882 he was 
 
elected to a place on the: supreme bench of the state and served 
 
until his death, which occurred on Aug. 28, 1887. It has been said 
 
of him that "He was eminently an upright judge and in searching 
 
for the truth or to arrive:: at the right he spared no time or trou 
 
ble." . 
 
; 
 
Hamilton, the seat of justice of Harris county, was incorpor 
 
ated by an act of the legislature in 1854 and its charter was 
 
amended in 1870. This little town is on a branch of the Central 
 
of Georgia railway, beautifully located between two ridges, which 
 
rising to a considerable height above the surrounding country are 
 
designated as Pine and :Oak Mountains, and is equally distant 
 
 186 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
from Columbus, La Grange, West Point, Talbotton and Green ville. Hamilton is noted through all the country around for its good schools. Of the two prominent schools one is for boys and one for girls. It also has express and telegraph offices, a money order post office with rural free delivery by several routes, a court house, a bank, some prosperous stores, and some manufactories, among which are a canning, a broom and a shoe factory. The population of the town in its corporate limits in 1900 was 418 and of the entire district 2,378. : 
Hamilton, Leonard J., is one of the honored citizens and successful planters of Gwinnett county and the family is one of prominence in that section of the state. He was born in Pendleton, Anderson county, S. C., June 22, 1834, a son of Leonard and Elizabeth (Chase) Hamilton, both of whom were born in Pickens county, that state. The former was a son of David Hamilton, who was of Scotch-Irish descent and a loyal sol dier in the Continental line during the war of the Revolution. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools of his native county, where he continued to reside until the removal of the family to Georgia. He was still a resident of his native state at the time of the outbreak of the Civil war, and was among the first to tender his services in defense of the Confederate cause. On June 1, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company H, Fourth South Caroline infantry. He took part in both the first and second bat tles of Manassas, the Seven "Days battles around Richmond, and the engagements at South: Mountain, Sharpsburg, Missionary Ridge, Knoxville, Chattanooga, the Wilderness and innumerable minor conflicts. Just after the memorable seven days fighting near the city of Richmond he was promoted third lieutenant of his company, and in the second battle of Manassas, where Capt. Z. Z. Pullam was killed, he assumed command of the company, thus continuing for several months. He was promoted first lieutenant, after the battle of the Wilderness, and for the greater portion of the time he was in command of his company until the surrender, serving in place of Captain Philpot, who was incapacitated. Mr. Hamilton was granted an honorable discharge from his first com pany and regiment on account of illness, but when he recuperated 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
187 
 
he reenlisted as a member of Company H, Second South Carolina rifles, with which he served until the close of the war. He is a stanch Democrat in political faith and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South. On Aug. 28, 1855, Mr. Hamilton was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Frances Thompson, daughter of Charles and Mahala (Gaines) Thompson, of Pickens county, S. C., and the children of this union were seven in number, one being deceased: Mrs. Mary J. Cummings resides in Anderson county, S. C.; Elizabeth is postmistress at Buford, Ga.; Mrs. M. L. Martin resides in Pendleton, S. C.; Mrs. Georgia Skelton Broydon resides in Murrycross, Ala.; Leonard C. and Caroline T. reside at Buford; Gamewell is a resident of Gwirinett county; and Robert J. was accidentally killed, in South Carolina. Miss Elizabeth Hamilton was appointed postmistress of Buford, on June 8, 1897, under the administration of President McKinley, the office being at that time of the fourth class. She was reappointed Dec. 19, 1899, by which time the office had been advanced to the third class, and has continued to serve in this important of fice to the present time, having been reappointed, by President Roosevelt on Jan. 11, 1904. Four rural free-delivery mail routes have headquarters in the Buford office, a double daily service hav ing been established on the route between Buford and Gumming. In 1900 the gross annual receipts of the Buford office were but $1,400 and for 1905 they reached the aggregate of $3,724.69. The original annual salary paid to Miss Hamilton in her present office was $600, and the growth in the business and the efficiency of her service are shown in the fact that she now receives a salary of $1,400. Miss Hamilton has greatly improved the facilities and service of the office and .to her is accorded the unqualified confi dence and esteem of the community, the citizens of Buford and vicinity seeming to take pleasure in offering words of commenda tion for their popular postmistress. There have been many dis tinguished professional men in the ancestry of Miss Hamilton, both in the paternal and maternal lines, there having been presi dents, governors, generals, congressmen and legislators, besides titled representatives in England and France. In the maternal line she is a collateral descendant of Richard Gaines, who died in Virginia in 1750, one of whose sisters was the grandmother of President Madison, who was a second cousin of Thomas L. Gaines, as was also President Taylor. 
Hamlet, a post-village; of Polk county, is located on the South ern railroad near the Floyd county line. It has an express office 
 
 188 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
and stores which do a good local business, and does some ship 
ping. Hammet, a post-hamlet of Crawford county, is a station on the 
Atlanta & Fort Valley division of the Southern railroad, about six miles south of Knoxville. 
Hammond, John L., junior member of the firm of Demere & Hammond, one of the leading brokerage concerns of Savannah, is a native of that city and is one of its representative young busi ness men. He was born on Oct. 10, 1880, and is a son of Capt. John L. and Ella Marian (Morrell) Hammond, the former of whom was born in Milledgeville, Ga., and the latter in Savannah. Captain Hammond rose to the rank of lieutenant while serving as a member of a Georgia;regiment in the Civil war, being one of the loyal young soldiers of the Confederacy, and later he be came a captain in the Georgia state militia. He was for many years president of the Merchants National bank, of Savannah, and was the incumbent of this executive office at the time of his death, which occurred in 18:91. His widow still resides in Savan nah, where the family has ;long been one of prominence in both business and social affairs. -The father of Captain Hammond was John Hammond, who was born in Milledgeville, where he long served as an officer in the state hospital for the insane. John L. Hammond secured his preliminary educational discipline in Crowthers preparatory school, in Savannah, and in a preparatory school at Lawrenceville, N. J. He: then entered famous old Yale univer sity, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1902, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He returned home after his graduation, and in November, 1903, he entered into partnership with Edward H. Demere, in the cotton-brokerage business, under the firm name of Demere & Hammond, which still obtains. Not withstanding the comparatively brief period which has elapsed since its formation the firm is already in the front rank of broker age concerns in Savannah. Mr. Hammond is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon college fraternity, the Oglethorpe club, Sa vannah Yacht club, the Savannah Hussars club, Savannah Golf club, Savannah Gun club, the Yale club of New York city, and the University club of New Haven, Conn. In connection with his business he is a member of the Savannah cotton exchange, the New York cotton exchange, and the Chicago board of trade. 
Hammond, Nathaniel J., was born in Elbert county in 1833. He graduated at the University of Georgia in 1852; served as so licitor-general from 1861 to 1865; as reporter of the supreme court 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
 
 
189 
 
from 1867 to 1872; and as member of the constitutional conven tions of 1865 and 1877. In 1878 he was elected to represent his district in Congress and reflected to each succeeding term until 
1886. He died in April, 1899. 
Hammond, Samuel, was born in Richmond county, Va., in 1757. He received a fine education and after serving in the Continental army during the Revolutionary war settled at Savannah where he was made surveyor-general of the state. He served several terms in the state legislature and in 1802 was elected representative in Congress. In 1805 he was appointed governor of Upper Louis iana Territory and held thisposition until 1824, when he removed to South Carolina. He was elected a member of the legislature of that state; was appointed surveyor-general in 1825, and served as secretary of state from 1831 to 1835. He died near Augusta, Ga., in September, 1842. 
Hammond, William R., a prominent 
member of the Atlanta bar and ex-judge 
of the superior court, was born in Frank 
lin, Heard county, Ga., Oct. 25, 1848, a 
son of Dennis F. and Adeline E. (Rob 
inson) Hammond, the former born in 
Edgefield district, S. C., Dec. 15, 1819, 
and the latter in the state of Tennessee, 
Aug. 8, 1824, being a daughter of John Robinson who was one of the early set 
tlers of Carroll county, Ga., whither he 
removed from Tennessee in the early 
part of the nineteenth century. He was a successful planter and influential citizen of Carroll county. Den nis F. Hammond was a successful lawyer, widely known in Geor gia, and was judge of the superior court from 1855 to 1861, hav ing been the first judge of the Tallapoosa circuit. He was mayor of Atlanta in 1871. He passed the last ten years of his life in Orlando, Fla., -where he died on Oct. 31, 1891. His widow is still living and has passed the age of four score years. Her father lived to attain the patriarchal age of ninety-two years, as did also the mother of the latter; William R. Hammond was educated in the University of Georgia, in which he was graduated in 1869, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts and with first honors of his class. For three or four months before the close of the Civil war he served in the state militia. He was in Atlanta during the siege and was an eye-witness: of the famous battle of Atlanta, July 22, 
 
 190 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
1864, having watched the conflict from the excellent vantage point of the tower of the old city hall, which occupied the site of the present state capitol. Judge Hammond was admitted to the bar of his native state in 1870, and has ever since been engaged in the practice of his profession in the city of Atlanta. In 1882 he was elected judge of the superior courts of the Atlanta circuit; was reelected in 1884 and resigned the office in 1885, to give his entire attention to his large and important legal business. In his pro fessional career he has appeared in many notable cases. In the case of Cox vs. the State (64 Georgia, 374 to 423) he argued the case before the supreme court for the plaintiff in error, and Judge Bleckley said in his opinion that the case was argued on both sides with "Unusual thoroughness and remarkable ability." ChiefJustice Warner sent to Judge Hammond a message that he had made the best speech in that case that he, the chief justice, had ever heard in the supreme court. Though Cox was convicted Judge Warner entered a dissenting opinion, and Governor Stephens later pardoned Cox, stating that he agreed with Judge ; Warner. In many other equally important cases Judge Hammond has ap peared, both in the state and Federal courts. He has been a mem ber of the Georgia bar association from the time of its organiza tion and is also identified with the American bar association. He is a stanch advocate of the principles and policies of the Demo cratic party, in whose cause he has done effective service. Judge Hammond has for many years been active and uncompromising in temperance and anti-saloon; work, believing firmly that the liq uor traffic is one of the greatest hindrances to the progress of civilization and one of the worst evils afflicting humanity. He has made but one race before the people for political office. In 1888 he was nominated for the state senate on the anti-saloon plat form, and out of a vote of 3,500 in the Democratic primary he was defeated by about 160 votes. He entered the contest at the urgent solicitation of the temperance people of Atlanta and against his personal inclinations; was compelled to fight the whole saloon and liquor influence, and the leader of the opposition stated in the con nection that Judge Hammond made the best race ever known in the political annals of Fulton county. Judge and Mrs. Hammond are prominent members of Trinity Methodist Episcopal church South, with which he has been identified since 1867. He has been a member of the board of trustees of Wesleyan female college, in Macon, Ga., for about fifteen years, and is also a trustee of the Georgia state industrial college at Savannah, a noble institution 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
191 
 
for the education of colored youth, having held this position from the time of the organization of the college. He served about ten years as a member of the board of education of Atlanta. On Oct. 6, 1870, was solemnized the marriage of Judge Hammond to Miss Laura Rawson, daughter of Edward E. and Elizabeth W. Rawson, 
of Atlanta. Hampton, an incorporated town of Henry county, is a station on 
the Central of Georgia railroad, about ten miles southwest of McDonough, and in 1900 reported a population of 468. It is a trading and shipping center for the surrounding country, has a money or der postoffice, which delivers mail to the outlying farms, express and telegraph offices and good schools and churches. During the war it was known as Bear Creek Station and was the scene of some sharp skirmishing on Nov. 16, 1864, as the Federal army moved out of Atlanta on its devastating march to the sea. 
Hancock County was laid out in 1793. A part was set off to Baldwin in 1807, and one to Taliaferro in 1835. It was named in honor of John Hancock of Massachusetts, president of the Conti nental Congress. It is bounded on the north by Taliaferro, on the northeast by Warren, on the southeast by Washington, on the southwest by Baldwin, on the west by Putnam and on the north west by Greene. A little of the eastern boundary is formed by Glascock. The northern part of the county is hilly and has a red, aluminous soil. In the south the land is level and covered with pine forests. The best soil is along the Shoulderbone creek and its tributaries. The staple productions are cotton, the cereals, sweet and Irish potatoes, sorghum, sugar-cane, field and ground peas. Vegetables and various varieties of fruit are raised, the melons, grapes and berries being excellent quality and many are shipped. The timber is of the various hardwood species, mostly oak, sweet-gum, maple and hickory. There is also some pine. Agate, kaolin, plumbago and asbestos are the principal minerals and are found in different parts of the county. A branch of the Georgia railway crosses the county from northeast to southwest connecting with the main line at Camak. Sparta is the county seat. Jewell, Carrs Station, Powelton, Devereux, Culverton and Linton are other towns. . The population in 1900 was 18,277, a gain of 1,128 in ten years. Hancock county has long been noted for her excellent schools. Seven miles from Sparta is the cele brated Mt. Zion Academy, so long presided over by Dr. Beman and later by William J. Northen, afterward governor of the state. Many of Georgias most noted sons received their early training 
 
 192 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
in this school. Dr. Lovick Pierce, the eloquent divine, and his son, Bishop George F. Pierce, were residents of the county, as were also Dixon H. Lewis, Governor McDonald and W. T. Colquitt. In the county are some remarkable Indian mounds, the most noted of which lie along Shoulderbone creek. On this creek was negotiated the Indian treaty of 1786. 
Hancock, William J., clerk of the court of Wilcox county, with residence in Abbeville, is a native Georgian and has long been identified with agricultural pursuits in this state. He was born in Pulaski county, May 17, 1859,. a son of Josiah J. and Sally (Wat son) Hancock, the former born in South Carolina and the latter in Houston county, Ga. Both died in Wilcox county, Ga,, the father passing away on Nov. 5, 1877, and the mother March 10, 1895. Two of their sons, James and Lewis, were soldiers in the Forty-ninth Georgia infantry, in the Confederate service during the Civil war. The subject of this sketch was reared on the home stead plantation and received his early education in the schools of Wilcox county. He was associated in the management of the home plantation until the death of his honored father and there after he continued to be actively engaged in farming on his own account until his election to his present office. He still retains his well improved plantation, to which: he gives a general supervision. In politics he has been aligned as a stanch supporter of the Dem ocratic party from the time of attaining to his legal majority. In 1903-4 he served as tax collector of Wilcox county, and in the au tumn of the latter year he was elected to his present office, that of clerk of the county court, entering upon the discharge of his of ficial duties Jan. 1, 1905. He is a member of the lodge of Free and Accepted Masons at Rebecca, Wilcox county. In 1882 Mr. Han cock was united in marriage to Miss Jane Walker, daughter of John anad Sabra Walker, of Irwin county, and they became the parents of seven children, of whom six are living: Sarah, Joseph, John, James, Alice, Jonathan (deceased), and May. 
Handly, George,, one of the early governors of Georgia, was born in Yorkshire, England, not far from the city of Sheffield, Feb. 9, 1752. In 1775 he came to Savannah and the succeeding year be came a captain in the Continental army. He soon rose to be a lieutenant-colonel and distinguished himself in a number of en gagements in Georgia and South Carolina. At Augusta he was captured and sent to Charleston^ S. C., as a prisoner of war. After peace was restored he settled ai Augusta; became sheriff of Rich mond county; representative in the state legislature; commis- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
193 
 
sioner to the "State of Franklin;" inspector-general of Georgia, 
 
and in 1788 was elected governor, being at the time but thirty-six 
 
years of age. In August, 1789, he was appointed collector of the 
 
port of Brunswick by President Washington, and served in that 
 
position until his death, which ocurred on Sept. 17, 1793. 
 
., .,,. 
 
Hanley, Andrew, was a man of whom 
 
. :;;| ^M\\ j;;: : : :: 
 
it can be aptly said, "In every march 
 
of progress he stepped out with the 
 
leaders". This fact was evident in his 
 
every undertaking, but particularly so 
 
;; in the establishment of his business, the 
 
s largest builders supply house south of 
 
i Baltimore. In thirty years this enter 
 
prise grew from a modest stand on an 
 
obscure corner to an ambitious corpora 
 
tion requiring a building covering an en 
 
tire block a result that bears sufficient 
 
testimony to his ability, industry, per 
 
severance and progressiveness. Mr. Hanley was born in Dublin, 
 
Ireland, Feb. 10, 1846, there receiving his education and learning 
 
his trade, but desiring a broader field, he turned toward the country 
 
of the boundless plains and limitless opportunities, immigrating to 
 
New York in 1866, where he immediately began his climb to suc 
 
cess. He first arrived in Savannah in 1SG7 but after a few months 
 
journeyed on to New Orleans, later going back to New York where 
 
he remained until 1869, when he returned to the Georgia city to 
 
locate permanently. His first venture in business was made in 
 
1870 in partnership with William LeMaire, but after a year, he 
 
severed this connection and formed a new one with William Mc- 
 
Kenna, which, likewise was later dissolved and thereafter he car 
 
ried on his business alone. So well did he succeed that in 1897 he 
 
was president of a business; incorporated for $100,000 and owned 
 
and occupied an imposing "four story brick building bounded by 
 
the four streets of Barnard, President, Whitaker and York, one 
 
of the most desirable sites in the city. He was also one of the 
 
organizers and directors of the Citizens bank, now the Citizens 
 
and Southern bank, and a stock holder in the DeSoto Hotel Com 
 
pany. Beside these local interests, he was sole owner of the Su- 
 
wanee Springs hotel, a famous resort in Florida, where, on ac 
 
count of his health, he spent the last eight years of his life. In 
 
addition to this splendid business career, Mr. Hanley must ever 
 
be identified with some of the strongest fraternal organizations of 
 
13--11 
 
 194 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Savannah, being for many years affiliated with the Hibernian so ciety, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Irish Jasper Greens, a military body of which he was an active member until about ten years before his death when he was elected to the honorary class, a distinction likewise conferred upon him by the guards. He was also alderman of the city for one term, during which he was presented with a gold-headed cane as the most pop ular member of that board. Personally Mr. Hanley was a man of genial and attractive manners, retiring and unassuming, and ever responsive to every appeal of misfortune or distress. In tastes he leaned to sports of the reel and gun, being particularly adept with the latter, often taking part in shooting contests and once at Schuetzen park, now Greenwich House, a private home, he won a gold-headed cane for the excellence of his marksmanship. In 1870 Mr. Hanley was married to Miss Jane McGloine, of county Sligo, Ireland, then on a visit to her brother in Savannah, and it was thirty years before either of them returned to the land of their birth. A second trip was made: in 1897 for the benefit of Mr. Hanleys health, which had been very much impaired for some time before his death, which occurred in Boston, Mass., Feb. 6, 1903. He is survived by his wife and four children, Andrew, Jr., Mrs. Hugh M. Comer, Loretta and Marion. A man may give his blood for his country and then build only a house for his bones, but lie who gives his brain and brawn: erects an edifice for the countless generations yet to be. 
Hanley, Andrew, vice-president and secretary of the Andrew Hanley Company, of Savannah, who despite his youthfulness, is the active and managing head; of one of the largest mercantile houses of that progressive city, is a Savannah bred young man, having been born there, on Aug. 31, 1874. He is the eldest of four living children of the late^Andrew Hanley, founder and late president of the Andrew Hartley Company, who died Feb. 6, 1903, and a sketch of whom : appears elsewhere in this work. He was educated in the public:: schools of Savannah, and in Seaton Hall college, of South Orange, N. J. Upon leaving college in 1895, he began his business career as manager of the Suwanee Springs hotel of Suwanee Springs, Fla., which property, largely owned by his father, was incorporated and run under the name of the Suwanee Springs Hotel Company, of which his father was president, and he, himself, vice-president and manager. He suc cessfully managed that property for a period of six years. Mean while, in 1897, his fathers large!: mercantile house in Savannah was 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
195 
 
incorporated under the name of the Andrew Hanley Company, and, in 1899, he was made vice-president of this concern, which is today one of Savannahs leading mercantile industries, and whose business pervades a large portion of three states Georgia, South Carolina and Florida, including everything in the line of builders supplies except brick, embracing paints, oils, sash, doors, blinds, and all kinds of builders hardware, lime, cement, plaster, hair, mantels, etc. Late in 1901, .he gave up the management of the Suwanee Springs hotel in order to devote his attention to the business of the Andrew Hanley Company, and since the death of his father in 1903, he has not only been vice-president and secre tary of that establishment, but its active and managing head, as well. In fact it may be said that he is in complete official charge of the firms business, for since his fathers death, the presidency of the concern has rested with the latters estate. The warerooms of the Andrew Hanley Company occupy the entire brick block of four stories and basement, bounded by Whitaker, York, President and Barnard Streets, and its business is of both a wholesale and retail character. It is engaged in manufacturing, as well as the mercantile trade, owning and operating its own sash, door and blind factory, the latter being located at Charleston, S. C. The present healthy condition of the business of the Andrew Hanley Company attests, in indisputable terms, the high order of keen executive ability, and good- business management of young Mr. Hanley. He is a member :of the Roman Catholic church, of the Knights of Columbus and of the Savannah chamber of commerce. He was married Dec. 26, 1900, to Miss Elizabeth Hines, of Tallahassee, Fla. Despite his score and a half of years only, Mr. Han ley already ranks as one of Savannahs leading merchants, and his career fully substantiates the truth of the "Osier theory," that if a. man wishes to accomplish much during the brief span of human activity, he must become busy early in life. 
Hannah, a post-hamlet of Douglas county, is located about three miles west of the Chattahoochee river, near the Carroll county line. Winston, on the Southern railroad, is the nearest station. 
Hapeville, a town of Fulton county, was incorporated Sept. 16, 1891. It is a station on the Central of Georgia railroad, about five miles southwest of Atlanta, and many of the productions of the surrounding farms are:: shipped from here to Atlanta. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, and offers fine educational and religioiis advantages. The population in 1900 was 430. 
 
 196 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Haralson, a village of Coweta county, is about four miles south of Senoia, which is the nearest railway station. It has a money order postoffice and some stores, and does considerable shipping. The population in 1900 was 114. 
Haralson County was formed from Polk and Carroll in 1856 and was named for Hugh A. Haralson, a member of Congress and a resident of Troup county. It is bounded by Polk county on the north, Paulding and Carroll on the east, Carroll on the south and the State of Alabama on the west. The Tallapoosa and its branches water the land, less than half of which was under culti vation in 1900. Much of it is still forest covered and pine and hardwood lumber is made. The surface is broken. Along the water courses the soil is fertile, producing cotton, sorghum, sweet and Irish potatoes, field peas and the cereals. Hay does well where cultivated, but cotton is cultivated to the neglect of all other crops. The native grasses give good range for sheep and cattle. Apples, peaches, grapes, berries and all vegetables yield abundantly. There is in the county one canning establishment, with a daily capacity of 500: cans. The annual revenue from wine is $100,000 and one fourth of the grapes raised are marketed. Gold is found in paying quantities, the principal mine being the "Royal" at Tallapoosa, though there; are smaller mines in operation. The water-power is unexcelled and there are many factories, glass and pig iron being among: the leading articles of manufacture. Branches of the Southern, and the Central of Georgia railway sys tems furnish transportation facilities. Buchanan is the county seat and Tallapoosa, Bremen and Felton are thriving towns. The population of the county in 1900 was 11,922, an increase of 606 since 1890. The schools are excellent. 
Haralson, Hugh A., lawyer and legislator, was born near Penfield, Greene county, Nov. 13, 1805. At the age of twenty years he graduated at Franklin college and was admitted to the bar by special act of the legislature the same year. He began practice at Monroe, but subsequently: removed to Lagrange, from which county he was elected state senator in 1837. In 1840 he was a can didate for Congress on the! Democratic ticket, but was defeated. Two years later he was elected and was three times reflected. He died at Lagrange on Oct. 6, 1854. One of the western counties bears his name. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
197 
 
Hardee, Charles Seton, who has held the office of treasurer of the city of Sa vannah continuously since the year 1883, is one of the citys well known and hon ored citizens and a veteran of the Con federate service, in which he rose to the rank of major. He was born at Rural Felicity, Camden county, Ga., Aug. 9, 1830, and is a son of John H. Hardee, M. D., who was born March 4, 1803, and Isabella Seton (Henry) Hardee, who was born :Dec. 6, 1806. John Hardee, great-grandfather of the major, was born in Pitt county, N. C., in 1747, and died in Camden county, Ga., in 1809. He served for a time as private in the Continental line in the war of the Revolution, and later was three years in service as captain of a_ Continental galley on the coast of Georgia. In recognition of his services the State of Georgia granted him a bounty of 1,360 acres of land, in Camden county in 1786. His son John, grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was born in Pitt county, N. C., in 1769, and died on his plantation, known as Rural Felicity, in Camden county in 1838. He served as major, com manding a battalion of ca,valry in the war of 1812; was an exten sive and successful cotton planter; served a number of terms as a member of the Georgia legislature; held numerous other offices of public trust and responsibility, and was one of the representative citizens of the state. Ii.ieut.-Gen. William Joseph Hardee, of the Confederate service, arid author of "Hardees Tactics," was his youngest son. Charles S, Hardee, after due preparatory training, was matriculated in Franklin college, at Athens, Ga., of which in stitution the University of Georgia is the successor, and he was graduated at said college as a member of the class of 1848. Im mediately afterward he initiated his commercial career, in the of fice of his uncle, Noble A. Hardee, a cotton factor and commission merchant of Savannah. ; In 1859 he severed his connection with his uncles office and engaged in the same line of business on his own account in Savannah. He built up a successful business, to which he was giving his attention at the time the Civil war was precipitated upon a divided nation. When hostilities began Major Hardee forthwith gave evidence of his loyalty to the Confederacy, by promptly, offering his services to the state, as a private in the Tattnall Guards, a company which was later mustered into the 
 
 198 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Confederate service and attached to the First Georgia regiment of volunteer infantry. In the reorganization, shortly afterward, in 1862, Major Hardee was. elected second lieutenant, in which capac ity he continued in active service with his company until he was relieved from duty, at the request of Lieut.-Col. John Dunwody, to assist in organizing camps of instruction in Georgia, that vol unteers might be properly trained for field service. He was then commissioned first lieutenant and drill master, and assisted: in organizing Camp of Instruction, No. 1, at Calhoun. On Oct.: 1, 1862, he was promoted to the rank of major and assistant adjutantgeneral, and was assigned to the command of Camp of Instruc tion, No. 2, at Decatur. He retained this position, laboring to the best of his ability to promote the interests of the Confederate service, until superseded by the assignment of Colonel Harris, a disabled ranking officer, to duty at the camps of instruction.. Re turning to Savannah on furlough, Major Hardee resigned his com mission, and soon afterward was employed by the war department of the Confederacy to receive :and export cotton through the block ade. About the same time he was appointed deputy collector of the port of Savannah and assistant Confederate States depositary, in which positions he continued until the close of the war. In January, 1879, he was elected^ clerk of the superior court of Cha tham county, a court of the highest original jurisdiction, and he remained incumbent of this office until Feb. 19, 1883, when he was elected treasurer of the city of Savannah, in which important of fice he is now serving his twelfth consecutive term of two years each, having each time been reflected without opposition. His present term will expire in January, 1907. As to the estimate placed upon his official services by the people of Savannah no bet ter endorsement can be asked: than that given in his long retention in the position of city treasurer. The fiscal affairs of the munici pality have been handled with great circumspection and discrim ination by this honored and j popular citizens, whose friends are as numerous as his acquaintances. Major Hardee is a stanch supporter of the principles arid .policies of the Democratic party, and is a valued and appreciative member of Camp No. 756 of the United Confederate Veterans.: He is a communicant, and so was his wife, now deceased, of the Protestant Episcopal church. On Nov. 26, 1851, Major Hardee married Miss Martha J. Gallaudet, daughter of James and Margaret S. (Brailsford) Gallaudet, of Savannah, and of this union were born nine children, namely: Alice Neufville, Isabella Seton, Margaret Brailsford, Charles 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
199 
 
Henry, James Gallaudet, Martha Gallaudet, Harriet Brailsford, 
 
Robert Erwin, and Francis Lewis. The eldest daughter, Alice N., 
 
is the widow of Henry E. Backus, who served gallantly as a pri 
 
vate in the Confederate war. Margaret B., Martha G., and Francis 
 
L. are deceased. 
 
Hardee, William J., soldier, was born on his fathers plantation, 
 
"Rural Felicity," in Camden county, Ga., Oct. 12, 1815. In 1838 
 
he graduated at West Point, in the same class with General Beau- 
 
regard, and entered the army as a second lieutenant of dragoons. 
 
After a years service in Florida he was promoted to first lieuten 
 
ant and sent to Europe to study the organization of foreign armies. 
 
There he was for a time at the military school of St. Maur, France, 
 
and was attached to the French cavalry. In 1844 he was made 
 
captain and upon the commencement of the Mexican war was one 
 
of the officers who went with General Taylor to Mexico. His 
 
company was the first to attack the Mexican forces at Curricitos, 
 
but was overpowered .by superior numbers and Captain Hardee 
 
was captured. He was exchanged, however, in time to partici 
 
pate in the siege of Moiiterey. Toward the close of the war he 
 
was brevetted major for his gallant conduct. In 1853 he was se 
 
lected by the war department to prepare a system of infantry 
 
tactics, which was adopted by the department in March, 1855. and 
 
introduced at West Point the following year. In January, 1861, 
 
he resigned his commission in the army and entered the Confed 
 
erate service as colonel of cavalry. On June 17, 1861, he was made 
 
brigadier-general and assigned to duty west of the Mississippi 
 
river. After some time in Arkansas he was ordered east, and 
 
about the same time received a commission as major-general. 
 
He led a division at Perryville, Murfreesboro, Missionary ridge, 
 
Corinth, Resaca, Kennesaw Mountain, Jonesboro and in numerous 
 
other engagements. Subsequently he was made lieutenant-gen 
 
eral and assigned to the command at Savannah to resist Shermans 
 
advance upon that cityi His evacuation of Savannah was re 
 
garded as a masterpiece ;of military skill. General Hardee led the 
 
last charge of the Confederate forces in the war at Bentonville, 
 
N. C, in March, 1865, and surrendered with Johnstons army at 
 
Durham, N. C., on April 26, 1865. He died at Wythevffie, Va., 
 
Nov. 6, 1873. 
 
: 
 
Hardeman> Robert Nbrthington, of Louisville, is the able and 
 
popular solicitor of the court of Jefferson county, is also represent 
 
ing his county in the state legislature, and is engaged in the practice 
 
of law in Louisville, as a member of the firm of Cain & Hardeman. 
 
 200 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
He was born on a plantation near Louisville, Jefferson county, Ga., 
 
May 28, 1872, a son of Thomas and Nellie (Little) Hardeman, the 
 
former born in Jones county, Ga., and the latter in Jefferson county. 
 
The father is one of the successful plant- 
 
:::::;:;:||||:::||:::|:::, 
 
ers and sterling citizens of Jefferson 
 
county. Robert N-. Hardeman secured 
 
his preparatory educational discipline in 
 
5 the schools of his native county, and 
 
S thereafter was afforded the advantages of 
 
S Mercer university in Macon, Ga., and 
 
I Erskine college, at Due West, S. C. He 
 
S then took up the study of law, and was 
 
admitted to the bar, at Louisville, in 1894, 
 
since; which time he has been engaged in 
 
active practice here. He has gained a 
 
high i reputation as an able trial lawyer 
 
and has served continuously as solicitor of the county court of 
 
Jefferson county since 1896. In 1899 he entered into a professional 
 
partnership with Col. J. G. Cain, under the firm name of Cain & 
 
Hardeman, and this alliance still continues, to the mutual satis 
 
faction and profit of the interested principals. Mr. Hardeman is 
 
in all senses loyal to the cause of the Democratic party, and in a 
 
fraternal way is identified with the Knights of Pythias. On April 
 
24, 1895, he married Miss Delia Shaw, daughter of Joseph and 
 
Mattie (Stevenson) Shaw:, of: Burke county, Ga., and they have 
 
three sons Robert N., Jr., James C., and William G., Jr. 
 
Hardeman, Robert V., of the well known law firm of Hardeman 
 
& Moore, of Macon, is one of- the representative members of the 
 
bar of Bibb county and a veteran of the Confederate service in the 
 
Civil war. He was born in Jones county, Ga., Feb. 19, 1843, and 
 
is a son of Judge Robert V. and Elizabeth (Henderson) Harde 
 
man, both native of Georgia and representatives of old and hon 
 
ored families of the state. Judge Hardeman was a lawyer of distin 
 
guished attainments and was the principal prosecutor for the state 
 
in the celebrated case of the State of Georgia vs. Jesse Bunkly, 
 
while for two terms he presided on the bench of the Ocmulgee cir 
 
cuit. He died in 1871, his wife surviving him by several years. 
 
Robert V. Hardeman, Jr., was afforded the advantages of the 
 
schools of Clinton, in his native county, and then entered Mercer 
 
university, at Penfield, where he remained until within six months 
 
of graduation, when he withdrew to go forth as a loyal soldier of 
 
the Confederacy. He became a member of the Macon Volunteers, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
SOI 
 
but -was transferred to Company F, Forty-fifth Georgia volunteer infantry, participating in all the engagements in which this valiant command took part, including the battles of Malvern Hill, Spottsylvania, Chancellorsville and the famous flank movement under General Jackson when that famous commander was killed. After the close of the war Mr. Hardeman was for a time identified with agricultural pursuits and was afterward in the employ of the Cen tral of Georgia railway. He then took up the study of law, under effective preceptorship, was admitted to the bar in 1873 and was thereafter engaged in successful practice in Clinton, Jones county, for a period of seventeen years, at. the expiration of which, in 1890, he located in Macon, where he has likewise been very successful in the work of his profession. Since 1895 he has been associated in practice with Lloyd D. Moore, under the firm name of Harde man & Moore. For fourteen years Mr. Hardeman served as county-court solicitor for Jones county, making an excellent rec ord as a public prosecutor. He is aligned as a stanch advocate of the principles and policies of the Democratic party, and has served as chairman of the senatorial executive committee for many years. He and his wife hold membership in the Methodist Epis copal church South, and he is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity. In September, 1865, Mr. Hardeman was united in marriage to Miss Ellen G. Smith, daughter of Gen. D. N. Smith, and of the chil dren of this union eight are living, namely: Frank L., Robert N., Mary Maud, Gordon I.,! Anna L., Clark Greer, Wallace B., and Ruth. 
Hardeman, Thomas, was born in Putnam county in 1825. At the age of twenty he graduated at Emory college and was admitted to the bar the following year. He did not practice but at once went into business as a commission merchant. He served for a number .of years in the state legislature; was elected to Congress in 1858, but resigned his seat before the expiration of his term; served in the Confederate army during the war; after the surren der was again sent to the legislature; was twice speaker of the house of representatives; was a member of the national conven tion which nominated Horace Greeley; president of one of the Democratic state conventions; chairman of the Democratic state executive committee for: four years, and in 1882 was elected to Congress as Congressman-at-large. He died at Macon in 1892. 
 
 202 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Hardeman, Thomas, who is now liv ing practically retired in the attractive little city of Louisville, is one of the most extensive planters of Jefferson county, where he owns a fine landed es tate. He was born on the old homestead plantation, in Jones county, Ga., Dec. 6, 1840, and is a son. of Hon. Robert V. and Elizabeth C. (Henderson) Hardeman, the former born in Virginia, April 26, 1800, and the latter in Georgia, March 3, 1804. Both passed the closing years of their lives in Georgia. Robert V. Har deman was a prominent member of the bar of Georgia and served as judge of the superior court of the Ocmulgee circuit and sev eral terms as a member of the state legislature; he was also a colonel in the Cherokee Indian war, and was a man of prominence and influence in his day and generation. At least nine representa tives of the Hardeman family have been members of the bar, in cluding the father and two brothers of the subject of this sketch, the other brother having been a physician, and one of Mr. Hardemans own sons is likewise a member of the legal profession. Thomas Hardeman, whose name initiates this brief review, com pleted his educational discipline in Oglethorpe university near Milledgeville, Ga., being graduated in 1860, a member of the same class as the well known poet, the late and lamented Sidney Lanier, the president of the institution at that tirfte having been Rev. S. K. Talmage, D. D., LL. D. Mr. Hardeman has been concerned with plantation interests from his youth to the present time. When the Civil war was precipitated upon a divided nation he showed his loyalty to the Confederacy by enlisting in a company of Jones county cavalry, but was not called into active service in the field. Mr. Hardeman is to-day the owner of 3,200 acres of land in Jefferson county, all in one body, constituting one of the finest demesnes in that section of the state. The estate is located ten miles west of Louisville, is improved with good buildings and is under effective cultivation, having produced as high as 400 bales of cotton in a single year. Mr. Hardeman located on this planta tion in 1868 and there continued to reside until 1904, when he turned the active management of the place over to an overseer and removed to Louisville, where he has since resided in the at tractive modern house which he here erected as a home. He was 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
203 
 
appointed delegate to the Farmers national congress for three terms successively by Gov. W. J.. Northen, Gov. Alien D. Candler and Gov. J. M. Terrell, and attended the sessions of the congress at Savannah and Macon, Ga., and at Richmond, Va. He is, per haps, the oldest correspondent in point of service in the state of Georgia to the national department of agriculture, at Washington, D. C. He was commissioned principal correspondent for his county by the secretary of agriculture and for a quarter of a cen tury has sent in monthly reports on crop conditions and other sub ject matter as requested by the department, rarely, if ever, failing in all these years to forward his reports on time. He is a stanch adherent of the Democraticparty, and he has served consecutively as a member of the board of education of Jefferson county for a quarter of a century and as president of the board for fifteen years, taking a deep interest in the cause of popular education in his home county and state. While resident on his plantation he built a school house for his children and individually employed an able instructor. He also gave his children excellent educational ad vantages of a higher order, five of the number being college or university graduates. He is a member of the town council of Louisville at the present time and takes a loyal interest in all that concerns the well being of the community. He is an elder in the Associated Reformed Presbyterian church, in which he has long been an active and zealous worker, and is a trustee of Due West female college, at Due West, S. C., a flourishing institution main tained under the auspices of the Associate Reformed synod of the south. Mr. Hardeman has been four times married and has seven living children. His first three wives are deceased, no disagree ment or divorce having severed any of the marriages. His pres ent wife, to whom he was married Sept. 8, 1891, was Miss Martha Phillips, a daughter of the Rev. David G. Phillips, D. D., a former resident of Louisville and a prominent clergyman of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian church at the time of his death. The seven children are William G., Robert N., Julia, Elizabeth, Dollie, Frank and Eloise, the last named being the only living child of the last marriage. Julia is now the wife of Millard W. Rhodes, of Louisville, and Elizabeth is the wife of Dr. Ambrose M. Wylie, of South Carolina. 
Harden, Alfred Dearing, who is engaged in the practice of law in the city of Savannah, where he also conducts a successful in surance business, was born in Athens, Clarke county, Ga., Oct. 13, 1873, a son of the late William D. Harden, of whom a memoir 
 
 204 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
appears in this work. Capt. Alfred D. Harden received the best of educational advantages, having been a student in turn in the University of Virginia, Johns Hopkins university at Baltimore, and Columbia college, in the city of New York. In 1893 he was graduated in the school of history, University of Virginia, and in 1896 he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Johns Hopkins university. Since his admission to the bar he has been engaged in practice in Savannah, where he has met with excellent success in his profession, as well as in the insur ance business, in which line he represents a number of leading companies. While a student in New York city, in 1897, Captain Harden enlisted as a seaman in the Second Division of the First Naval Battalion of New York, receiving his discharge from the same at the time of his removal from the state. In 1904 he was commissioed second lieutenant: in Company M, First Regiment of Infantry, Georgia State Troops, and in 1905 he received promotion to first lieutenant and later to; captain, in which latter office he is now serving. He is a stanch; adherent of the Democratic party, is a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal church, and is iden tified with the following organizations: Zerubbabel Lodge, No. 15, Free and Accepted Masons,; of which he is master for 1906; the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Oglethorpe Club and Sa vannah Yacht Club; the Beta Theta Pi and Phi Delta Phi fra ternities ; the Society of the Cincinnati; the Society of the War of 1812; the Sons of the Revolution; the Society of the Colonial Wars; and the Sons of Confederate Veterans. October 17, 1901, Captain Harden was united in marriage to Miss Laura Victoria Alexander, daughter of John B. and Mary A. (Place) Alexander, of Oswego, N. Y., and they have two children, Mary Alexander Harden and Margaret P. Harden. 
Harden, Edward Jenkins, a distinguished jurist and author, was long and prominently identified with the public and social affairs of the city of Savannah, wher^ he made his home until his death, though he died at Indian Springs, Ga., his demise occurring on April 19, 1873. He was born on the Bluff plantation, Bryan county, Ga., Nov. 19, 1813, and was a son of Thomas Hutson and Matilda A. (Baker) Harden, ;the former of whom was born in South Carolina and the latter in Liberty county, Ga. His paternal grandfather, Col. William Harden, served under Gen. Francis Marion in the war of the Revolution, with the South Carolina troops, and his maternal grandfather, Col. John Baker, in whose honor Baker county, Ga., was? named, was a gallant officer with 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
205 
 
the Georgia troops during the great struggle for independence. Judge Harden was a man of liberal education, and in early life was a successful teacher, having been for some time an assistant to Rev. George White in Chatham academy, Savannah. He be came one of the representative members of the Savannah bar, which he honored and dignified with his able services. He served as city attorney for many years, both before and after the Civil war; was judge of the city court of Savannah from Nov. 11, 1845, to Dec. 4, 1847; and presided on the bench of the Confederate States district court for the district of Georgia from Aug. 14, 1861, until the close of the war. He and his wife were prominent and zealous members of the First Presbyterian church of Savannah, in which he was an elder for many years, while his political al legiance was given unreservedly to the Democratic party. He was a man of marked literary ability, was the author of "The Life of George M. Troup," and a frequent contributor to different periodicals. On Feb. 11, JL868, he became president of the Georgia Historical Society, retaining this position until his death. In May, 1840, Judge Harden was united in marriage to Miss Sophia H. Maxwell, who was born in Bryan county, Ga., Feb. 29, 1820, being a daughter of John J. and Mary Ann (Baker) Maxwell. Concern ing the children of this union the following is a brief record: Anna M. is the widow of Charles R. Maxwell, of Savannah; Ellen S., who died in 1871, was the wife of John W. Burroughs, of Sa vannah ; William is individually mentioned in this publication; John M. is a resident of Abbeville, S. C.; Eliza J. died in child hood; Edward T. is a resident of Los Angeles, Cal.; Mary B was the wife of J. Alien Smith, of South Carolina and died several years since. 
Harden, William, librarian of the Georgia Historical Society and of the Savannah public library, also treasurer and custodian of the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences, is a scion of distinguished Southern families and a veteran of the Civil war, in which he rend ered yeoman service in defense of the Confederate cause. He is a son of Judge Edward J. Harden, of whom a memoir appears in this work. Reference may be^had to said article for futher genealog ical and personal data. His great-grandfather, Col. William Har den, was a member of the command of Gen. Francis Marion, in South Carolina, in the war of the Revolution, and was a member of the state senate of South Carolina at the time of his death, which occurred on Nov. 28, 1785.; Mr. Harden is also a great-grandson of Capt. William Maxwell, of Georgia, who was a member of the 
 
 206 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Provincial Congress, 1775-7. On May 4, 1778, he was made a 
"trustee for taking into custody and management the British for 
feited estates," and he was a privateers-man during the progress of 
the Revolution, commanding his own armed vessel, recovering property taken by the British and attacking parties of the enemy engaged in collecting forage and provisions for the royal troops. In 
Savannah, in 1779, he was arrested, being tried for "treasonable practices," and was convicted by the British authorities in 
January, 1780. He was heavily fined, and thereafter was kept under parole until 
Savannah was evacuated by the British, July 11, 1782, when he was released. Mr. Harden is also a great-grandson, in the maternal line, of Col. John Baker, commanding troops of Lib erty county, Ga., during the Revolution; member of the Provin cial Congress, 1775-7; member of the Council of Safety, 1776; and the distinguished citizen :in whose honor Baker county was named. William Harden was educated in the schools of Savan nah, so far as early discipline is concerned, but he has been a student during his entire life and is a man of scholarly attain ments. He was born in Savannah, Nov. 11, 1844, and this city has ever been his honte. After leaving school he studied law, being admitted to the bar in 1873. Prior to this, however, he had played well his part as a loyal son of the Confederacy. In June, 1862, at the age of seventeen years, he enlisted as a private in Company F, Fifth Georgia volunteer infantry, having entered the military service as a member of the state troops on Oct. 1, 1861. He served during the entire course of the war, on the coast of Georgia and in South Carolina. He was detailed for service in the signal corps on Dec. 16, 1862, and remained identified with this arm of the Confederate service until the close of the war, being paroled, at Augusta, Ga., May 9, 1865. In October, 1866, Mr. Harden was elected assistant librarian of the Georgia Historical Society, and on Aug. 5, of the following year was elected librarian, an office of which he has since remained the incumbent, his serv ices having greatly inured to; the benefit of the society and the proper conservation of the historical records of the commonwealth. He was a member of the board of managers of the Telfair Acad emy of Arts and Sciences, in Savannah, from 1882 until 1903, when 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
207 
 
he was made treasurer of the institution, which position he now 
 
holds, and he has been its custodian since 1894. When the Savan 
 
nah public library was organized, on May 8, 1903, a most consist 
 
ent action was taken by the governing body in the election of Mr. 
 
Harden to the position of librarian of the same. In politics Mr. 
 
Harden is a stanch advocate of the principles of the Democracy, 
 
and he has represented Chatham county in the state legislature 
 
five successive years, 1900-1905. He is a ruling elder in the First 
 
Presbyterian church of Savannah. He was the leading spirit in 
 
effecting the organization of the Georgia Society of the Sons of 
 
the Revolution, in May, 1891, and has been its secretary from its 
 
inception. He is an honorary member and assistant secretary of 
 
the Georgia branch of the Society of the Cincinnati; member of 
 
the American historical association, the National geographic so 
 
ciety and of the American antiquarian society; corresponding 
 
member of the New England historic-genealogical society, the 
 
Rhode Island historical society, Maryland historical society, Chi 
 
cago historical society, arid others. He has made numerous and 
 
valuable contributions on historical subjects, the same having 
 
been published in magazines and newspapers. He is also a mem 
 
ber of Camp No. 756, United Confederate Veterans, at Savannah. 
 
On Dec. 11, 1879, Mr. Harden was united in marriage to Miss 
 
Mary E. Davenport, daughter of Benjamin R. and Mary E. (Jen- 
 
kins) Davenport, of Savannah. They have no children. 
 
Harden, William Dearing, who died 
 
,J;|||11|1|;;;.::: :,.. 
 
at his home in Savannah, Jan. 11, 1898, 
 
was a distinguished member of the bar 
 
of Chatham county and was for a num 
 
ber of years judge of the city court of 
 
Savannah, while he well maintained the 
 
high military prestige of the family by 
 
his gallant service as a soldier of the 
 
Confederacy, rising to the rank of col 
 
onel. He was born in Athens, Clarke 
 
county, Ga., July 15, 1837, and when he 
 
was about three months of age his par 
 
ents removed to Savannah, where he 
 
passed the remainder of his long and useful life. His father 
 
Thomas Hutson Harden, was born in Liberty county, Ga., in 1813, 
 
a son of Thomas Hutson Harden and Matilda A. (Baker) Harden, 
 
the latter a daughter of Col. John Baker, of Liberty county, in 
 
whose honor Baker county, Ga., was named. Colonel Harden 
 
 208 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
was a great-grandson of Col. William Harden, senior colonel in the command of Gen. Francis Marion in the war of the Revolu tion. The maiden name of the mother of the subject of this memoir was Margaret E. Bearing, a daughter of William and Eliza J. (Pasteur) Dearing, and granddaughter of Capt. John Bearing, of Fauquier county, Va., and of Lieut.-Col. Thomas Pasteur, of North Carolina. Thus he to whom this memorial tribute is dedicated could claim the distinction of having had all four of his great-grandfathers numbered among the officers in the Continental line during the Revolution, each a native of a different state Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia. William Bearing Harden secured his preliminary education in private schools in Savannah and was prepared for college by the late Henry K. Preston. In 1854 he entered the junior class of Princeton college, N. J., and two years later was graduated in that institution, at the age of nineteen years. Returning to Savannah, he took up the study of law under able preceptors and was ad mitted to the bar in 1858. His military career has been succinctly summed up in an article previously published and here repro duced : "Late in 1860, just prior to the secession of Georgia, he went with a detachment of the Chatham artillery, which he had joined for that purpose, and took charge of Fort Pulaski, and on Sunday, Jan. 20, 1861, he was one of three men who raised the flag of Georgia over that fort. Before being mustered into the Con federate service he was assigned to duty as acting ordnance officer of Fort Pulaski and Tybee island, and mounted a number of guns ; was mustered, with the Chatham artillery, into the Confederate service July 31, 1861, and then detailed as acting lieutenant and ordnance officer of Brig.-Gen. H. W. Mercers command, extending from Savannah to Florida, and was sent to Blackbeard, Jekyl and Cumberland islands to complete the batteries, build magazines, mount the guns and drill the men in the use of heavy artillery; went with General Mercer to- Brunswick and returned with him to Savannah. He was commissioned first lieutenant in the pro visional army of the Confederate States July 19, 1863, and assigned to duty by the war department as ordnance officer of the military district of Georgia. July 15, 1863, he was commissioned captain and ordered to report to General Beauregard for duty on Morris island, Charleston harbor; inspected Morris island and James is land," the Charleston arsenal, and then made a tour of all the arse nals in South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama to secure material for the defense of Charleston. Having performed these duties he 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
209 
 
was again appointed ordnance officer of the district of Georgia. General Mercer having been ordered to north Georgia, Captain Harden notified the chief of ordnance of the Army of Tennessee that he declined to further waive his rank, and on Oct. 22, 1864, lie was verbally ordered by Lieut.-Gen. A. P. Stewart to report as acting chief ordnance officer of his corps, and acted in that capacity through Hoods campaign in Tennessee. After that campaign he was given a brief leave of absence, the only one he had during the war, and soon after joining the army under General Joseph E. Johnston, in North Carolina, he was assigned by the war depart ment as permanent chief ordnance officer of Stewarts corps, with the rank, pay and emoluments of lieutenant-colonel of cavalry, and he was paroled at Greensboro, N. C. He was present at all the battles fought by the army from Dalton to Atlanta, to Huntsville and Tuscumbia, and to Columbia, Franklin and Nashville, Tenn., and back to the Tennessee river." After the close of the war Colonel Harden resumed the practice of law in Savannah, and in 878 he was made corporation attorney of the city and judge of the city court. He held the former office two years and the latter fourteen years. His reputation as a jurist is vouchsafed by the various expressions of the supreme court of the state and by the opinions of the members of the bar. He retired from the bench Jan. 20, 1892, and thereafter continued in the practice of his pro fession until his death, ever commanding the unqualified esteem and confidence of his professional confreres and the general public. He was a man of fine intellectual attainments and his entire life was guided and governed by a spirt of the loftiest integrity and honor. He was an officer of the Georgia historical society for more than a quarter of a century, was a fellow of the American geo graphical society, a member of the National theosophical society, a corresponding member of the American ethnological society and a member of the American branch of the Society for Psychological Research. He was first vice-president of the Sons of the Revolu tion in Georgia, an hereditary member of the Society of the Cin cinnati and the Veteran Corps of Artillery in the War of 1812, the latter association being made possible to him by reason of the service of his grandfather, Thomas H. Harden, who was lieutenantcolonel and division inspector under Gen. John Mclntosh. He was a member of the Manhattan and Music clubs and the Southern society, all of New York city, and also of the Oglethorpe club and Savannah Music club, of which latter he was the first president. He remained an honorary member of the Chatham artillery, was a 
14-11 
 
 210 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
member of the Military Order of Foreign Wars, and for several years was president of the Confederate Veterans Association. His political faith was that of the Democratic party, of whose principles he was an able and zealous exponent. On Sept. 28, 1870, Colonel Harden was united in marriage to Miss Eliza Haywood Bearing, daughter of Maj. Alfred L. and Marcella (Jones) Bearing, of Alabama, and she survives him, as do also their two children: Margaret E., who is the wife of George P. Elliott, of Beaufort, S. C, and Alfred B., who is individually mentioned in this publi cation. 
Hardman, Lamartine, Griffin, M. D., of Commerce, Jackson county, is well upholding the;prestige of the name which he bears, both as a physician and surgeon. His father, Br. William B. J. Hardman, was a distinguished physician and surgeon, who was born in Oglethorpe county, Ga., and graduated in famous old Jefferson medical college, in the city of Philadelphia, Pa., as a member of the class of 1849, while he also gained further distinction as a clergyman of the Baptist church. He was moderator of the Serepta association of the church for fifteen years, and during the Civil war he served the Confederacy in his professional capacity, as a physician and surgeon. ;He accumulated a fine estate, was a man of impregnable honor and integrity, and was long engaged in practice in Jackson county, where he commanded the most unqualified confidence and esteem. He was summoned to the life eternal in 1904. His wife, also deceased, was born in Oglethorpe county, her maiden name having been Susan E. Colquitt. She was a representative of one of the old and prominent families of Geor gia. The subject of this sketch, Br. Lamartine G. Hardman, was born at Harmony Grove, by which title the city of Commerce, was formerly known, April 14, 1856. After due preliminary train ing of an academic sort he entered the medical department of the University of Georgia, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1876, duly receiving his well earned degree of Boctor of Medicine. In 1877 he took the ad eundem degree in Bellevue hospital medical college in New York city, and in 1884 he com pleted a post-graduate course in the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, also taking a post-graduate course in the New York polyclinic, and in 1890 he took a very effective course of clinical work in the- general hospital of the city of Lon don, England, devoting more special attention to the surgical branch of his profession. In 1877 he engaged in general practice in his native town, where he has since remained and where he has 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA. OF GEORGIA 
 
211 
 
risen to prominence in the medical circles of the state. He has gained a high reputation as a surgeon, and in 1900 he established in Commerce a fine modern sanitorium, having accommodations for fifty patients and complete in all equipments, electrical, surgi cal, etc. At the time of the Spanish-American war Dr. Hardman was tendered the position of assistant surgeon of the Georgia vol unteers, but was constrained to decline the honor, the proffer hav ing been made by Governor Atkinson. He is a valued member of the Jackson county medical society, the Medical Association of Georgia, of which he was president in 1900, the American medi cal association, and was a member of the International medical congress which convened in the city of Philadelphia. He is pres ident of the Harmony Grove Cotton Mill Company, and the North eastern Banking Company, while he has other capitalistic interests of a local sort, including a considerable amount of agricultural land in this section of the state. He is a Democrat of the most loyal type, taking much interest in the party cause, and in 1902 he was elected to represent Jackson county in the state leg islature. His religious faith is that of the Baptist church. 
Hardman, William Benjamin, M. D., 
a physician and surgeon of high ability, 
is successfully established in practice in 
the thriving town of Commerce, Jackson 
county, where he was born, March 31, 18G5. He is a son of the late William 
B. J. Hardman, who was one of the 
influential and honored citizens of that 
section of the state and who left a very 
considerable estate, of which the subject 
.of this sketch became the executor, set 
tling up and adjusting the affairs and 
making judicious investments for him self and the other heirs. He availed himself of the advantages of the public schools of his native place, after which he entered Mer cer university at Macon, being there graduated in 1886 ; with the second honors of his class and with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In 1889 he was graduated in the New York college of Phy sicians and Surgeons, which is the medical department of Colum bia university, this celebrated institution conferring upon him the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He secured the second Harsen medal for general efficiency and a cash prize for effective clinical work in the New York city hospital. Since his graduation he has 
 
 212 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
taken several effective post-graduate courses, in the New York polyclinic and the New York post-graduate medical college. In 1889 he began the active practice of his profession in Commerce, where he associated himself with his brother, Dr. Lamartine G. Hardman, and they enjoy a large and lucrative professional busi ness in the town and surrounding districts. Dr. William B. Hard man is a member of the American medical association, the Medical Association of Georgia, of which he is counselor for the ninth Congressional district, and of the Jackson county medical society. He is a member of the board of trustees of Mercer university, is president of the First National bank, of Commerce; secretary and treasurer of Harmony Grove Cotton Mill Company; president of Harmony Grove Telephone Company; is identified with several other enterprises, and has extensive farming interests in Jackson county. He is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party; has served two terms as mayor of his native city; was for some time chairman of the county board of education, and is at the present time chairman of the city board of education. He and his wife hold membership in the Baptist church. In May, 1894, Doctor Hardman was united in marriage to Miss Ida Shankle, daughter of Seaborn M. and Victoria (Parks) Shankle, of Commerce. Her father was one of the pioneer merchants of Harmony Grove, the original name of Commerce, and was one of the most honored and influential citizens of the community. Doctor and Mrs. Hardman have two children: Wilda, born Oct. 36, 1896, and Elizabeth, born Oct. 23, 1899. Both are now attending the public schools of the city. 
Hardwick. On May 10, 1754, a settlement was projected at what was called the Elbow on the Ogeechee river, and the name of Georgetown was bestowed on the new town. The following Feb ruary Governor Reynolds, while on a tour of inspection through the colony, visited the place iand proposed a change of name to Hardwick, in honor of his relative, the Lord High Chancellor of England. In his letter to the board of trade he says: "Hardwicke has a charming situation, the winding of the river making it a peninsula; and it is the only fit place for the capital." The propo sition to remove the capital there, had the tendency to boom the project and in a short time several buildings were erected, while 21,000 acres of land in the immediate vicinity were granted to various parties who favored and agreed to assist in the development of the undertaking. The British government did not furnish the funds asked for by Governor Reynolds to erect suitable buildings 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
213 
 
for the court-house, assembly-house, church and prison, and the 
 
governor being unable to secure the necessary financial assistance 
 
from other sources, the town of Hardwick never developed be 
 
yond the stage of a little trading village of local importance, and 
 
finally gave up the ghost. 
 
Hardwick, Thomas W., lawyer and member of Congress, was 
 
born at Thomasville, Thomas county, Dec. 9, 1872. In 1893 he was 
 
graduated at the Mercer university; at the Lumpkin law school 
 
the following year, and from 1895 to 1897 he served as prosecuting 
 
attorney of Washington county. From 1898 to 1901 he was a 
 
member of the lower branch of the state legislature, and in 1902 
 
was nominated and elected by the Democrats to represent the 
 
Tenth district in Congress. In 190-i he was reflected, receiving 
 
about ten times as many votes as his opponent. His residence is at 
 
Sandersville. 
 
Hargett, a post-village of Harris county, is located on the Chat- 
 
tahoochee river, about three miles from Jester, Ala., which is the 
 
nearest railway station. 
 
Harlem, a. town in the southern part of Columbia county, is on 
 
the main line of the Georgia railroad, and was incorporated by act 
 
of the legislature in 1870. The population in 1900 was 527, many 
 
of whom were connected in some way with the railroad. It has 
 
a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and tele 
 
graph offices, several stores^ with a large local trade, and is a ship 
 
ping point for the products of the adjacent farms. Educational 
 
and religious advantages are as good as are generally found in 
 
towns of its size. 
 
: 
 
Harman, Charles B., secretary, treas- 
 
,;.:g|||||||f;5f!:;, 
 
urer and general manager of the Au 
 
gusta Lumber Company, of Augusta, 
 
was born in Lexington, S. C, Dec. 19, 
 
1868, and is a son of Marion D. and 
 
Ellen Scotto (Rawl) Harman, both of 
 
whom were born in Lexington, where 
 
they Have ever since maintained their 
 
home, the father being there engaged in 
 
mercantile pursuits and a representative 
 
citizen of that section of the old Palmet 
 
to State. He is a son of Reuben and 
 
Louise (Rauch) Harman, who were also 
 
born in Lexington, showing that the respective families were 
 
pioneers of that part of South Carolina. The maternal grand- 
 
 214 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
parents of the subject of this sketch were David and Emeline (Charles) Rawl, also natives of Lexington, the latter having been a daughter of Ephraim Charles, who was the son of Lawrence Charles, the founder of Lexington. The last mentioned was a native of Germany, whence he went to England, where he married and subsequently immigrated to America. The sites for all the public buildings, including many of the churches, in Lexington were given to the town by him. Marion D. Harman served with loyalty as a soldier of the Confederacy during the entire period of the Civil war, as first lieutenant of Company K, Twentieth South Carolina infantry, Kershaws brigade, taking part in many . of the important battles of the great internecine conflict and be ing wounded in the battle of Cold Harbor. Charles B. Harman was afforded the advantages of the schools of the little city in which he was born and with whose history his ancestors have been so prominently identified,, and later he continued his studies in the Kings Mountain military school, at Yorkville, S. C. In his youth he became deputy clerk of the superior court of Lexing ton county, being but fourteen years of age at the time he assumed the position, and continuing incumbent of the same until he was twenty-four years old, save for the two years passed in the school at Yorkville, and two years devoted to the office of man ager of two saw-mills for a Lexington lumber concern. In 1893, at the age of twenty-four years, he engaged independently in the lumber manufacturing business, becoming sole owner of one saw-mill and half owner of another, both in his native county. In the autumn of the same year he disposed of his interests in these mills, and within the following winter completed a thorough course in double-entry bookkeeping in a business college at Macon, Ga. In the autumn of 1895 he entered the employ of the Augusta Lumber Company, in a subordinate capacity, winning promotion through efficient service and becoming bookkeeper of the concern at the expiration of about two; years. In July, 1903, he was pro moted to his present responsible triple office of secretary, treasurer and general manager of the company, which is one of the largest of the sort in the city. He is a stockholder and director in the company, and he is chairman of the executive committee of the Yellow Pine Sash, Door and Blind manufacturers association. He exercises his franchise in support of the cause of the Demo cratic party; is a deacon in the English Luthern church; and is affiliated with the Augusta lodge of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. On Tune 1, 1893, Mr. Harman was married to 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
215 
 
Miss Lucia America Meetze, of Lexington, S. C., and they became the parents of four children, two daughters dying in early child hood. The living children are Lucia Meetze, born Oct. 25, 1894, 
and Grace, born in August, 1900. Harman, Charles E., of Atlanta, is 
prominent in railway circles in the 
South and is one of the capital citys well 
known and popular citizens. He is 
general passenger agent of the Western 
& Atlantic railroad, with which he has 
been identified for many years. Mr. 
Harman was born in Forsyth, Monroe 
cotmty, Ga., and his loyalty to and ad 
miration for his native state have never 
wavered. He was graduated in the 
University of Georgia, receiving the de 
gree of Bachelor of Arts, and prior to entering railway service he held a clerical position in the bank of John H. James, in Atlanta. In 1882 he became soliciting agent of the Western & Atlantic railroad, with headquarters in Atlanta, and he has since continued in the railway service, having filled in consecutive order the following positions: general southern agent, at Jacksonville, Fla.; general western agent of the associated traf fic lines, in Cincinnati; general agent of the Central of Georgia railway, Atlanta; general passenger agent of the Western & At lantic railroad; general freight and passenger agent of the Western & Atlantic railroad; and since 1894 general passenger agent of this system. Mr. Harman has been prominent in the work of the Young Mens library association, having served as librarian, sec retary and president of the same in Atlanta. He was a member of the city council of Atlanta in 1894-5, and was a director of the Piedmont Exposition and also of the Cotton States and Interna tional Exposition, which was held in Atlanta in 1895. For a num ber of years he was a member of the governing board of the Cap ital City club, and was chairman of its house committee. He is a member of the First Baptist church of Atlanta and was treasur er of the same for a number of years. He has closely identified himself with all public enterprises looking to the advancement and prosperity of Atlanta and the state of Georgia. 
Harmony Grove, a town 1; in Jackson county. (See Commerce). Harper, a post-hamlet of Elbert county, is a station on the 
 
 216 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Elberton & Toccoa branch of the Southern railroad, near the Hart 
county line. Harris, a post-village of Meriwether county, is located at the 
junction of the Macon & Birmingham and the Columbus & Green ville division of the Central of Georgia railroads. It is a shipping center, has express and telegraph offices and stores which do a good local business. 
Harris County was laid out in 1827 from Troup and Muscogee and named for Charles Harris, a distinguished jurist of Savannah. A part was given back to Muscogee in 1829. The first superior court of the county was held at Hamilton, Mar. 20, 1828, Judge Walter T. Colquitt presiding. The county lies in the western part of the state, and is bounded on the north by Troup and Meriwether counties, on the east by Talbot, on the south by Muscogee and on the west by the state of Alabama, from which it is separated by the Chattahoochee river. It is crossed by many small creeks, all of which are tributary to the Chattahoochee. The Pine Moun tains entering near the northeastern corner, and the Oak moun tains on the east, divide the county into three sections which differ greatly as to soil and productions. Above the Pine mountainsthe land is level, the soil is light and while it is fertile when new, it is not lasting. Between the ridges the land is gray and heavily timbered with Spanish oak and hickory. South of the Oak moun tains the land is very rich. The staple productions are cotton, corn, wheat, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet potatoes. All vegetables and many varieties of fruits are raised, but principally for home consumption. The mountains are clothed with timber, which is made into lumber for local building and manufacturing. The people are beginning to take advantage of the fine water-power along the Chattahoochee to establish factories, being especially anxious for cotton factories and cotton-seed oil mills. The Central of Georgia and the Southern railways traverse the eastern part of the county and with the Chattahoochee river furnish good facili ties for transportation. Hamilton, the county seat,, is the manufac turing center. Other towns are Waverly Hall, Shiloh and Chipley. The population of the county in 1900 was 18,009, an increase of 1,212 in ten years. 
Harris, Haller Woodfin, M. D., a successful physician and sur geon of Dawson, Terrell county, was born in Randolph county, Ga., Sept. 30, 1877, and is a son: of John Wesley and Sallie Eloise Harris, both natives of Georgia. Doctor Harris completed his academic education in John Gibson institute, at Bowman, Ga., 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
217 
 
and then entered the Atlanta medical college, in which he was graduated in March, 1898, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, being twenty-one years of age at the time. He initiated the active practice of his profession in Shellman, Randolph county, where he remained until 1901, when he located in Dawson, where he is meeting with marked success and is building up a representative professional business. He is a member of the American medical association and the Georgia state medical society, is a Democrat in his political views, is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. On Aug. 28, 1902, Doctor Harris was united in marriage to Miss Mary Lou Hoyl, daughter of Levi C. and Mary E. (Ozier) Hoyl, of Dawson, the former being now deceased. He was one of the most prominent and talented lawyers of southwestern Georgia. Mrs. Harris is a grad uate of the Andrew female college, at Cuthbert, Ga. 
Harris, Henry R., was a native of Hancock county, but moved to Meriwether county in early life, and after graduating at Emory college in 1847 engaged in planting. He was a member of the Georgia convention in 1861; was elected to Congress as a Democrat in 1872; was twice reflected and in 1884 was again chosen to rep resent his district in the lower branch of the national legislature. Upon the expiration of his last term he retired to his plantation in Meriwether county. 
Harris, Iverson L., was a native of Georgia. In 1823 he gradu ated at Franklin college, after which he studied law and was ad mitted to the bar. In 1859 he became judge of the superior court, a position which he held until elected to the supreme bench. He died in 1876. 
Harris, Joel Chandler, (Uncle Remus) author, was born in Putnam county, Dec. 9, 1848, and for a few years attended the Eatonton academy. His literary education, however, was chiefly ob tained from good books, of: which he was fond. When twelve years of age he began work in the office of The Countryman, a plantation paper, published by Mr. Turner, a wealthy planter of the neighborhood. After the war he was employed in various cities and was for a time on the editorial staff of the Savannah Morning News. When the yellow fever visited that city in 1876 he removed with his family to Atlanta, where he became con nected with the Constitution. Here his real literary career began. His best known stories are "Nights with Uncle Remus," "Mingo and other Sketches," "Free Joe and other Georgia Sketches," "Dad- 
 
 218 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
dy Jake, the Runaway," and "Balaam and his master," which were written while engaged as an editorial writer on the paper. 
Harris, Marion Wiley, attorney and counselor at law, Macon was born in that city, June 2, 1870, and is a son of Charles Jenkins and Mary Clopton (Wiley) Harris, the former of whom was born in Milledgeville, Ga., in No vember, 1833, and the latter in Macon, Jan. 1, 1837. Her father was Dr. John B. Wiley, a prominent physician of Macon, and she is a sister of Charles M. Wiley of that city. (See Wiley sketch.) Charles J. Harris served in turn as captain, major and colonel in the Confederate army; was solicitor general for eight years; judge of the city court of Macon six years; and a member of the Georgia legislature four years. On the occasion of the great Confederate reunion held in Macon, in October, 1887, he had the privilege of introducing the late president of the Confeder ate states, Jefferson Davis, to the great assemblage present. Of his twelve children all but one attained maturity. Maj. William A. Harris, uncle of the subject of this review, served through the Mexican and Civil wars, and was wounded in both. He was sec retary of the state senate for many years and was a resident of Milledgeville. Wiley P. Harris, great-uncle, was a prominent cit izen of Mississippi, having served as a member of the supreme court of that state. Hon. Iverson L. Harris, of Milledgeville, grandfather of Marion Wr ., was a distinguished citizen and jurist of Georgia. He was circuit judge for many terms, and served one term on the bench of the supreme court of the state. He was a distinctive leader in public thought and action and was the only judge whom Hon. Benjamin H. Hill could find with requisite courage to enjoin General Stedman, of the United States army, in command at Augusta just after the Civil war, from confiscating a million dollars worth of cotton. Stedman had threatened to jail and hang any judge who signed the writ. Hon. William Davies, a paternal great-grandfather of Marion W. Harris, was a distinguished Federal judge in Savannah in the early part of the nineteenth century. John B. Wiley, maternal grandfather, was a prominent physician and wealthy citizen of Macon. Leroy Wiley, great-uncle, was one of the first three millionaires in the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
219 
 
United States. He lived in Macon, Charleston and New York, and his remains rest in Rose Hill cemetery, Macon. David Clopton, maternal great-uncle, was for many years a member of the supreme court of Alabama; he married the widow of Senator Cassius Clay, of that state. Jack Wiley, a great-uncle of Dr. John B. Wiley, was a soldier and courier in the Revolutionary war, serving in North Carolina and Virginia. Marion \Y. Harris secured his educational discipline in the common schools of Macon, the Bibb county high school, the Alexander free school, passed two years in the Georgia normal and industrial college, in Milledgeville, and for fifteen months he prosecuted his studies in Mercer university at Macon. He was admitted to the bar of his native state in 1888, and practices in all state and Federal courts, including the United States supreme court. He is a member of the American Georgia and Macon bar associations, and has been engaged in the active work of his profession in Macon from the time of being admitted to practice. In politics he is a stanch Democrat, but has never sought or held public office. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protec tive Order of Elks, and both he and his wife are communicants of St. Pauls Protestant Episcopal church, in Macon. On June 8, 1898, Major Harris enlisted for service in the Spanish-American war, and was made captain of Company A, Third Georgia regi ment, United States volunteers. He was stationed with his com mand at Sagua de Tanamo, Cuba, from Aug. 31, 1898, until March, 1899, thereafter at Guantanamo, Cuba, until ordered back to the United States. He was mustered out, with his regiment, at Macon on May 3, 1899. He received the surrender of one of the Spanish regiments, and was military captain of the town and province of Sagua de Tanamo. On Dec. 1, 1898, he was made major of the Third Georgia, serving as such until he was mustered out. On July 12, 1900, Major Harris was united in marriage to Miss Harriet Hazlehurst, daughter of George H. Hazlehurst, who built the Macon & Brunswick railroad and the line of the Alabama Si Great Southern from Chattanooga to Meridian, Miss. He served as a civil engineer in the Confederate army, and his son, James N. Hazlelmrst, is now a prominent civil engineer in Pensacola. Major and Mrs. Harris became the parents of two children, Marion Wiley, Jr., who was born and who died 011 July 8, 1901, and George Hazlehurst, who was born Sept. 20, 1902. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
Harris, Raymond Benjamin, M. D., was actively engaged in the practice of his profession in Savannah for a period of about twenty years, and he is now liv ing; retired, in his beautiful suburban home, "Melrose." He was born in Pal ermo, Bryan county, Ga., May 15, 1838, and is a son of Dr. Raymond and Mary Elizabeth (Law) Harris, the former of whom was born in Tennessee and the latter in Georgia. The father was an able and successful physician, and died in 1887, about three months before the ninetieth anniversary of his birth. His wife died in 1873, aged about fifty-eight years. Doctor Harris is descended from stanch old colonial stock in both the paternal and maternal lines. The ancestors of the Harris family were numbered among the early settlers in King and Queen county, Va., and representatives of the name did valiant service in the war of the Revolution, aiding in gaining independence to the colonies. The doctor is a great-greatgrandson, in the paternal line, of Mrs. Catherine Walton, whose name is famous in the annals of the Revolutionary epoch. Dr. Raymond Harris, father of the subject of this review, was a soldier in the Seminole Indian war. He was engaged in the practice of his profession for sixty-five years, and twice served as a member of the Georgia legislature. In the early years of his professional career he was engaged in practice in Savannah, remaining a brief interval and then removing to Bryan county, and still later he removed to Liberty county, where he made his" home for many years. Of his children only two are living, Dr. Raymond B., and Susan, the latter being the wife of T. C. Howard, residing in Kirkwood, near Atlanta, Ga. Dr. Raymond B. Harris secured his earlier educational training in private schools in Liberty county, and then began the work of preparing himself for his chosen pro fession, one which his honored father had dignified by his life and services. He was matriculated in the Savannah medical col lege, in which he completed the prescribed course, being- gradu ated as a member of the class of 1859, and receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine. Two years later, when the Civil war was inaugurated, he enlisted for service in the Confederate cause, be coming an assistant surgeon, being first stationed at the First Georgia hospital, Richmond, Va., and then assuming a similar 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
221 
 
position in the field, with the Fifty-seventh regiment of Georgia infantry, with which he served until the close of the war, receiving a wound in the hip at the battle of Franklin, Tennessee. After the war he was engaged in the practice of his profession in Liberty county until 1876, when he located in Darien, Mclntosh county, where he remained in practice until 1884, when he took up his res idence in Savannah, where he built up a large and representative practice, continuing in active professional work until 1903, when he retired, removing to a beautiful home which he had purchased in 1893, on LaRoche avenue, between Savannah and the Isle of Hope. He has expended a considerable amount in improving and beautifying his home, which he has appropriately named "Melrose," and which is one of the attractive places of Savannahs suburban districts. In politics Dr. Harris is a stanch advocate of the principles of the Democratic party, and he served one term, 1880-81, as a member of the state senate. He and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church. He is affiliated with the American medical association, the Georgia medical association and the Georgia medical society, as is he also with the Knights of Pythias. On April 12, 1866, Doctor Harris wedded Miss Laura E. Dasher, who died on Feb. 9, 1875. She is survived by two children, Mary Elizabeth and Katherine W. On Sept. 8, 1875, he married Miss L. Ophelia Dasher,-a sister of his first wife, and they have two children, Raymond ;Victor and Mary Winn. 
Harris, Sampson Watkins, of Carrollton, is known as one of the distinguished members of: the bar of Georgia and has been prom inent in public affairs as well as in the work of his profession. He rose to the rank of colonel as a gallant soldier of the Confed eracy in the Civil war, arid has honored and been honored by the State of Georgia. He is a native of the State of Alabama, having been born near Wetumpka, Elmore county, on Thursday, March 29, 1838. He is a son of Sampson Willis and Paulina Tabb (Thomas) Harris, the former born in Elbert county, Ga., Feb. 23, 1809, and the latter in the city of Athens, Ga., Dec. 8, 1810. The original American progenitors of the Harris family came from AVales and settled in Virginia, and the founders of the Thomas family in the new world ;came from England and likewise estab lished themselves in the Old Dominion. Sampson Harris, great grandfather of the colonel, was a lieutenant in the Georgia line in the war of the Revolution. Stevens Willis Harris, grandfather of the subject of this review, was judge of the superior court in Georgia, and died at Eatonton, where rest his mortal remains. 
 
 222 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Sampson Willis Harris represented Putnam county in the Georgia legislature in the 30s. He removed to Alabama about 1837, and became a. member of the senate of that state, which he later rep resented in the United States Congress for a period of ten years, being the incumbent of this office at the time of his death, which occurred in the city of Washington, April 1, 1857. He had served as solicitor-general of his judicial circuit in Alabama prior to his election to the state senate. His wife passed the closing years of her life in Georgia. Gen. Sampson W. Harris, whose name intro duces this article, secured his earlier educational training in the. common schools of Wetumpka, Ala., and after due preparation was matriculated in the University of Georgia, where he was graduated as a member of the : class of 1857, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. On May 28, 1861, he enlisted in Company K, Sixth Georgia infantry, and was made first lieutenant of his com pany. Among the more important engagements in which he took part may be mentioned the siege of Yorktown, Seven Pines, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, siege of Charleston, Battery Wag ner, Johns Island, Ocean Pond or Olustee, Fla., siege of Richmond by General Grant, Kingston and Bentonville. He was wounded in the engagement at Olustee arid was twice wounded in the battle of Bentonville. He was promoted from first lieutenant to captain of his company, later becoming lieutenant-colonel and finally being promoted to a full colonelcy. : He continued with his command until the final surrender and the close of the war. After proper preliminary reading and discipline General Harris was admitted to the bar of Georgia, and he has been engaged in the practice of his profession in Carrollton since 1873. He held the office of solicitor-general for four years, and later made an enviable record on the bench, having served as; judge of the Coweta circuit from Jan. 1, 1881, to Dec. 1, 1903. During the administration of Gov ernor Atkinson he was tendered a seat on the supreme-court bench, but declined. He was a member of the Georgia constitutional convention of 1877, served three years as adjutant-general of the state and was tendered the office of secretary of state by Governor Northen, but declined the honor. He is a man of fine professional attainments and his record as a jurist is one that redounds to his personal credit and to the honor of his state. He is a conservative Democrat in his political proclivities; is a member of the Pres byterian church; is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, and holds membership in the United Confederate Veterans. June 27, 1886, General Harris was united in marriage to Miss Lucy W. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
2g3 
 
Todd, daughter of Henry W. and Emily (Watkins) Todd, of Chambers county, Ala., and they had six children Henry Fauntleroy, Sampson Watkins, Stevens Thomas, Isabella Willis, Pau lina Todd and Lucy A. Buchanan. Isabella W. is now the wife of John R. Stockey, of Shreveport, La. Mrs. Lucy W. Harris died on Aug. 2, 1880. 
Harris, Young L. G., for long years one of the most successful business men of Athens, Ga., was prominent as an able financier, a liberal promoter of charitable enterprises, and a zealous worker in the Methodist Episcopal church South, of which he and his de voted wife were for more than a half century members. He was one of the chief promoters of the Southern Mutual Insurance Com pany, which has had phenomenal success, owing in a very great degree to his skilful management. Through the liberality of Mr. Harris was founded the Young Harris institute, a college belonging to the North Georgia conference of the Methodist Episcopal church South, and located at the village of Young Harris in Towns coun ty. Here young men and women of limited means can obtain an education at the least possible expense. Among all the noble men and women who have lived and died in Athens, none has been more highly esteemed than Young L. G. Harris, and his beloved and faithful wife. 
Harrisburg, a post-hamlet of Walker county, is located on the Chattanooga Southern railway, not far from the Chattooga county line. 
Harrison, a town in the southern part of Washington county, located on the Wrightsville & Tennille railroad, was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1886. According to the census of 1900 it had a population of 322. It has express and telegraph offices, a money order post-office with rural free delivery, several stores, schools and churches, and is a shipping point for that section of the county. 
Harrison, George P., a native of Georgia, was born near Savan nah on March 19, 1841. He: was educated at the military institute at Marietta, where he graduated with high honors. While a student at this institution : he was with the Georgia troops in the seizure of Fort Pulaski. After graduating he entered the Con federate army, and by successive promotions attained the rank of brigadier-general in the winter of 1864, before he was twenty-four years of age. After the war he located at Opelika, Ala., where he engaged in the practice of law. He was a member of the constitu- 
 
 224: 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
tional convention of that state in 1875, served several terms in the legislature, and in 1894 was elected to Congress. 
Harrison, George Washington, gen eral manager of the Franklin Printing Company, of Atlanta, is a popular mem ber of the military staff of Governor Terrell, as was he also of those of Gov ernors Northen and Atkinson, having thus been very close to the chief execu tive for many years, serving with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. He was born in Randolph county, Ga., March 31, 1849, and is a son and namesake of Hon. George W. Harrison, who represented Randolph county in the legislature for several years and who was: secretary of state at the time of his death, in 1854. From a published sketch of the career of Colonel Harrison the following extracts are made, with slight change in phraseology and with but little elimination: "To the men born in the country, who seem to imbibe with the love of nature some of its strength, the cities look for bone and- sinew in the making of their politics, commerce and civil life. From such source At lanta has been favored in drawing Col. George W. Harrison. Born on a plantation, in Randolph county, reared in Milledgeville, then the state capital, Colonel Harrison has given the best years of his life to the upbuilding of his:: adopted city. As a delegate to agri cultural conventions and good-roads congresses, as a member of the state commission on irrigation, he has been prominent in furthering county and state interests, and in Atlanta his influence has been potent and beneficient. He has held at different times the chairmanship of the statistical committee of the chamber of commerce and of the postal committee of the Commercial club. For several years president iof the board of water commissioners, he fulfilled the duties of this important office in such a manner as to excite the most favorable comment. As general manager of the Franklin Printing and Publishing Company he has given the city an establishment noted for its correct -methods and highgrade work. For many consecutive years this house has done the printing for the state. ;. Under his management have been printed the Southern Cultivator, Southern Architect, Southern Educational Journal and Southern Fancier. Varied in their inter ests, each publication has had to do with the vital interests of not 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
225 
 
only the state but also the south as a whole. As chairman of the board of deacons of the First Presbyterian church, he is a well known figure in all movements both religious and philanthropic. Perhaps it is in his private life that Colonel Harrison is best known and most beloved. Cordial, genial and courteous, a man of in tegrity and honor, he is, in the full meaning of the phrase, a south ern gentleman. Prominently connected, through his own family and that of his wife, both Colonel and Mrs. Harrison hold an en viable social position, which is theirs not simply by heritage but also by those qualifications which draw and hold a wide circle of friends. In Antlanta, April 29, 1874, was solemnized the mar riage of Colonel Harrison to Miss Lucy Hayden, and they have two children, Lucy Hayden and George W., Jr." 
Harrison, Walter H., who has maintained his home in the city of Atlanta since 1888, is one of the representative civil engineers of the south and has had to do with many important works in the line of his profession. ,He traces his ancestral line through many generations resident of the Old Dominion state, where was cradled and nurtured so much of our national history, and the name which he bears has been conspicuously identified with the annals of Vir ginia and prominent in the history of the nation. He is a direct descendant of Edward Harrison, who was one of the first, if not the first, clerk of the house of burgesses of the Province of Vir ginia, in 1736, and the family name has been long and closely linked with the political, civic and social affairs of Virginia. Many representatives were found enrolled as loyal soldiers of the Con tinental line in the war of the Revolution. In the maternal line Mr. Harrison is a representative of families originally settled in New England and New York, the Moores, Lawrence and Channing families, members of each of which were likewise found as gallant soldiers fighting for the cause of independence in the Rev olution. His maternal great-grandfather Richard Channing Moore was the first bishop of the Protestant Episcopal church in Virginia. The site of the United States military academy at West Point, N. Y., was originally the property of the Moores, and it was sold by them to the national government as a location for the school, now so .famous in history. A member of the Harrison family was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and distinguished representatives of the name have been Gen. William Henry Harrison, President Benjamin Harrison and the late Carter H. Harrison, of Chicago. Walter H. Harrison, the immediate sub ject of this sketch, was born in the city of Richmond, Henrico 
15-11 
 
 226 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
county, Va., Nov. 22, 1863, and is a son of Walter H. and Helen E. (Macmurdo) Harrison, the former of whom was born in Fredericksburg, Va., and the latter in Richmond, that state. The father was a gallant soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil war, having been a staff officer in Picketts division, in which he held the rank of lieutenant-colonel, and he also served as acting adjutant-general and inspector-general. He continued in active service during the entire course of the great internecine conflict and took part in many of the important battles which marked the progress of the same, including the memorable battle of Gettysburg. The subject of this review was afforded excellent educational advantages, having attended school in Albemarle county, Va., McGuires university school, a preparatory institution in Richmond, Richmond college and the historic old University of Virginia. He prepared himself thoroughly in the technical training of his chosen profession, and as a civil engineer he has met with unqualified success and gained marked prestige. From 1879 -until 1898 he was identified with the construction and maintenance of railways, and thereafter he did expert geological and mineralpgical work for the Southern railway until 1902, when he became superintendent of construction of the United States Federal prison, in Atlanta, having been appointed by Hon. J. A. Griggs, attorney-general. Since his retirement from this position he has been specializing on large terminal passengerstation work, having built the: fine terminal station in Atlanta and being at the time of this writing (1906) chief engineer for the Birmingham Terminal Company, which is constructing an elab orate terminal passenger station in the city of Birmingham, Ala. He was the first of the southern engineers to endorse and make use of reinforced concrete for extensive construction. He built the first electric railway line :;in the state of Georgia, this having been the Edgewood avenue line in the city of Atlanta, projected and completed by the East Atlanta Land Company. He has made Georgias capital city his home since 1888 and his loyalty to Atlanta is inviolable, so that he has : no intention of seeking permanent residence elsewhere. Mr. Harrison exercises his franchise in sup port of the cause of the Democratic party, and he is identified with Georgia Lodge, No. 96, Free and Accepted Masons, the Capital City club and the Piedmont Driving club, all of Atlanta, and with the Country club of Birmingham, Ala. He and his wife are com municants of the Protestant Episcopal church, being members of the parish of St. Luke, in Atlanta. On Jan. 4, 1883, Mr. Harrison was united in marriage to Miss Marcus E. Worthington, daughter 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
227 
 
of Marcus A. and Elizabeth (Truss) Worthington, of Trussville, Ala. They have no children. 
Hart County is one of the newer counties of Georgia, having been formed from Franklin, Elbert and Madison counties in 1856. It was named in honor of Nancy Hart, the Revolutionary heroine, who lived in Elbert county. It is bounded on the north and east by the State of South Carolina, from which it is separated by the Savannah and Tugaloo rivers, on the south by Elbert, and on the west by Madison and Franklin and on the northwest by Franklin. Several creeks cross its surface and irrigation is being introduced by turning these small streams from their channels to the places where the water is needed. The soil on the uplands is gray and gravely. In the bottom it is gray and sandy with a red clay sub soil. The lands along the Savannah and Tugaloo rivers are .es pecially fertile. Cotton and corn are the principal productions, but some wheat, oats, rye, barley, garden vegetables and grass are raised. Apples and peaches of an excellent quality are grown and find a ready sale, and the people of the county are becoming in terested in feeding cattle for market. From April to October excellent pasturage is provided by the broom sage, Bermuda and Meadow grass and Japan clover. From January to May, rye, barley and oats are used for feed. Much of the surface is wooded, about one third of the original forest still standing, and numerous sawmills are scattered along the streams, though but little lumber is shipped from the county. Owing to the fine water-power many people are engaged in manufacturing, especially at Hartwell, the county seat, and at Bowersville, Shoal Creek and Royston. The population in 1900 was 14,492, a gain of 3,605 since 1890. A short branch called the Hartwell railway runs from Hartwell to Bowers ville. The county roads: are in fine condition. They are worked by the commutation and property tax combined and the most improved machinery is employed in their construction. Much of the cotton and other produce of the county is marketed at Hartwell, being transported by wagon over these roads. The schools are good. The Hartwell collegiate institute has an attendance of over 400 every year. 
Hart, Louis P., president of the Goorie Ice Manufacturing Com pany, of Savannah, is a ;native of the state of New York, having been born in the city of Brooklyn, April 14, 1855, and is a son of Angel and Sarah (Barnafd) Hart, the former of whom now resides in the city of Boston, Mass., at the venerable age of eighty-four years (1905), while the latter died in 1878. Both were born and 
 
 228 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
reared in the city of London, England, where their marriage was solemnized and whence they came to the United States in 1848. Louis P: Hart passed his boyhood days in the city of Boston, 
where he attended the public schools un til he had attained the age of fifteen years, when he went to work in the office of Acldison, Gage & Co., ice dealers of Bos ton, remaining with this concern seven years, at the expiration of which he be came a member of the ship-brokerage firm of Welsh, Humphrey & Co., of Bos ton. ; He was identified with this firm seven years and then again entered the employ of Acldison, Gage & Co., coming to Savannah as their representative, the firm having maintained for many years natural-ice houses in Savannah and other southern cities. In Sa vannah he became a member of the firm of Haywood, Gage & Co., and continued to handle natural ice until the manufacturing of artificial ice became feasible i:as a profitable business enterprise. Mr. Hart early became interested in the new phase of the industry with which he had so long been identified, and the company of which he is now president has:one of the largest and best equipped plants for the manufacturing of ice that is to be found in the South. In 1889 he was one of the incorporators of the Central Ice Company, of Newark, N.: J., of which he has been president from the beginning, the company having plants in a number of the principal cities of the South and controlling the Savannah business conducted under the title of the Goorie Ice Manufacturing Com pany. Other branches are conducted tinder the following titles and in the cities designated: ^Charleston Ice Manufacturing Com pany, of Charleston, S. C.; Mobile Ice Company, of Mobile, Ala.; Avondale Ice Company, of Birmingham, Ala.; Crescent Ice Com pany, of New Orleans, La.; arid the City Ice Company, of Shreveport, La. Mr. Hart is president of the Mobile Brewing Company and the Shreveport Brewing Company; is vice-president of the Georgia Brewing Company, of Savannah, and also director of the Savannah Brewing Company. He is a member of the directorate of the Chatham bank, of Savannah; is president of the Seaboard Cotton Oil Company, whose plant is located in Allendale, S. C., and he has other capitalistic interests of an important nature. He is a member of the Savannah chamber of commerce, the Savannah 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
229 
 
cotton exchange, the Oglethorpe club and the Savannah Yacht club, as well as the Boston club and the Chess, Checkers and Whist club, both of New Orleans. He is one of the prominent business men and public-spirited citizens of Savannah, in whose welfare 
he manifests a loyal and helpful interest. Hart, Nancy. A short time before the beginning of the Revo 
lution Benjamin Hart and his wife, Nancy, settled on Broad river in that portion of Wilkes county which afterward became the county of Elbert. Nancys maiden name was Morgan. Her hus band was a brother of Col. Thomas Hart, of Kentucky, who was an uncle of Thomas Hart Benton. Nancy has been described as "tall, muscular, fearless, red-headed, cross-eyed and cross-grained." She was an expert with the rifle and few men were her equal in the art of bee-hunting. When the war broke out her sympathies were with the American side and the deeds she did in behalf of indepen dence would fill a volume. In the neighborhood where she lived the Tory edict went forth that all Whigs must swing. Mr. Hart, along with the others, sought safety in .the surrounding canebrakes, but Nancy refused to give up the comforts of her cabin. One da> a party of Tories called and ordered her to prepare a meal for them. She obeyed, but no sooner did they lay aside their arms to eat than she seized one of the guns, cocked it, and declared she would blow out the brains of the first man that offered to rise from his seat or touch a.mouthful of her food. They knew her too well to trifle with her, and sat meekly by while one of her little sons ran to the swamp to tell the Whigs concealed there that his mother had captured "six base Tories." When the men arrived the Tories were dealt with according to the rules of the times. 
On another occasion she crossed the Savannah river on a raft of logs held together with a grapevine, entered the enemys lines and secured valuable information concerning their strength and plans, and returned with the intelligence to the Georgia troops. 
Once, while walking along the road, she met a Tory, engaged him in conversation, and when he was momentarily off his guard suddenly snatched his gun and ordered him to march in front of her to a fort not far away. He faced about and tramped sub missively along in front of the resolute woman, who turned him over to the commander of the fort. 
Nancy, with several other women and a number of children, was once left in a small fort while the men went out on a foraging expedition. During their absence the place was attacked by a party of Tories and Indians. In the fort was a small cannon, and after 
 
 230 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
futile attempts to bring it to bear upon the assailants she looked about for assistance. Under a cowhide she discovered a young man who was too badly terrified to speak. Dragging him from his place of concealment she threatened him with immediate death if he did not help her to get the cannon in position. At the first discharge of the piece the attacking party withdrew in consterna tion. 
When Augusta was in posession of the British, Col. Elijah Clarke, then in command of .the American troops in Wilkes county, was extremely desirous of gaining information as to the movements and intentions of the enemy. Mrs. Hart dressed in mens attire, went into the city, where, by her fearless disposition and ready wit in feigning insanity, she soon found out just what the American commander wanted to know. Another incident in the life of this remarkable woman is worth recording. One evening while at home with her children she was:; engaged in boiling a kettle of soap over the fire in the huge fireplace. While thus engaged some one of the children saw a man peeping through a crevice between two of the logs that composed the chimney and gave a silent intimation of it to Nancy. Without stopping in her work she kept her eye upon the spot indicated, and suddenly, quick as a flash, she dashed a ladleful of the boiling soap full in the face of the spy. While blinded by the hot soap she rushed out of the cabin and bound him fast as her prisoner. 
Shortly after the battle of New Orleans, when the question of placing a painting of that -notable event in the rotunda of the capitol at Washington was before Congress, a member from Geor gia tried to secure an appropriation for a painting of Nancy Hart wading Broad river, with three Tory captives in front of her, on the way to Clarkes station. This effort to commemorate her valiant deeds failed, but when a new county was laid out in that part of the state, in 1856, it jwas named Hart county in her honor, and at first it was proposed to call the county seat Nancyville. After the death of her husband she married again and went west, where it is supposed she ended her eventful life. 
Hartford. For a number of years in the early part of the nine teenth century Hartford was the county seat of Pulaski county and a thriving town. When, in 1837, the county seat was removed to Hawkinsville the place began to dwindle and finally all the inhabitants removed to other localities. It was located on a beauti ful bluff, overlooking the Ocmulgee river. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
231 
 
Hartford, a post-hamlet of Cherokee county, is about nine miles southeast of Canton, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Hartridge, Julian, was born at Savannah in 1829. He received a classical education, studied law and was admitted to practice. He served as a member of the legislature and was a delegate to the Democratic national convention at Charleston in 1860. After one years service in the Confederate army he was elected to the Con federate Congress and after the war took an active interest in the affairs of his state. He was a delegate to the Democratic national convention in 1872; presidential elector the same year; was elected representative in Congress in 1874 and again in 1876. He died at Washington, D. C, Jan. 8, 1879. 
Hartsfield, a village of Colquitt county, is located about eight miles northwest of McNeils, which is the nearest railway station. It has a money order postoffice with free rural delivery, schools, churches, and some mercantile houses, and does a considerable shipping. The population in 1900 was 126. 
Hartwell, the county seat of Hart county, was incorporated by an act of the legislature in 1856 and its charter was amended in 1889. It is located at the terminus of the Hartwell railroad, which connects at Bowersville with a branch of the Southern running from Elberton to Toccoa. It is the market town for a good farming district, has express and telegraph service, a bank, a money order postoffice, with five rural free delivery routes, a cotton mill, a can ning factory, shingle and planing mills, brick kilns, cotton seed oil mills, and several: minor concerns. Near the town on Shoal creek is a cotton mill operated by water power, one department of which also manufactures woolen goods. About 6,000 bales of cotton are shipped from Hartwell every year and the local mills use about 2,000 bales. Good public schools supply facilities for a primary education and the Hartwell collegiate institute has a large attendance from the town and neighboring counties. The popula tion in 1900 was 1,672 in the town proper, and 3,882 in the district.. 
Harvey, a post-hamlet of Morgan county, is located about four miles southwest of Madison. The nearest station is Godfrey, on the Macon & Athens division of the Central of Georgia railroad. 
Harvey, Eugene Leonard. In the review of the career of Wil liam T. Harvey, father of the subject of this sketch, will be found a due epitome of the family history and a resume of the up building of the W. T. Harvey Lumber Company, of Columbus, of which Eugene L. is vice-president, having held this position since the incorporation of the company on Feb. 1, 1905, the father 
 
 232 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
and two sons holding the entire stock of the concern. Eugene L. Harvey was born at Geneva, Talbot county, Ga., Sept. 19, 1876, and his educational advantages were those afforded in the public schools and the Massey business college, of Columbus. He was graduated in the Columbus : high school when seventeen years of age and in the following year completed a course in the business college. Since that time he has been concerned in the lumber bus iness with his father and brother. In addition to being vice-presi dent of the company he also 1 has control of its bookkeeping depart ment, being an enterprising and capable young business man, who is held in high regard in his home city. He is aligned as. a supporter of the principles and policies of the Democratic party; he and his wife hold membership in St. Lukes church, Methodist Episcopal South; he is a Royal Arch Mason; is identified with the Heptasophs and the Knights of Pythias, and is a member of the Columbus board of trade. August 4, 1895, witnessed the marriage of Mr. Harvey to Miss Mabel Pauline Mitchell, daughter of Wil liam E. and Anna (Fisher) Mitchell, of Columbus, and they have two sons, Eugene Leonard, Jr., and William Thomas, Jr. 
Harvey, William Henry, secretary and treasurer of the W. T. Harvey Lumber Company, of Columbus, is the elder son of William Thomas Harvey, a sketch of whose career is given in this work, to gether with a record concerning the company mentioned, so that a recapitu lation is not demanded in the present connection. William H. Harvey was born at Howard Station, Taylor county, Gai, Dec. 1, 1867, and his educational training was secured in public and pri vate schools in the city of Columbus. He left school at the age of eighteen years and has ever since been connected with the lumber business established by his father many years ago. Upon the-: incorporation of the W. T. Harvey Lumber Company, Feb. 1, 1905, he was made its secretary and treasurer, in which executive capacity he has since continued to render effective service. He is a member of the Columbus board of trade; is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party; is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained to the Knights Templar degree; with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias; and is one of the progressive 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
and popular young business men of the city in which the greater 
 
portion of his life has been passed. He and his wife are members 
 
of St. Lukes church, Methodist Episcopal South. On Dec. 1, 1890, 
 
Mr. Harvey was united in marriage to Miss Eddie Willis, daughter 
 
of Edward P. and Elizabeth (Carter) Willis, of Muscogee county, 
 
Ga., and they have three children, Mattie Carter, Eva Estelle 
 
and Edna Pauline. 
 
Harvey, William Thomas, president of 
 
. :::::::: ; :::::::: : ::: : : : 
 
the W. T. Harvey Lumber Company, 
 
of Columbus, one of the leading con- 
 
cerns of its kind in that city, is a repre 
 
sentative citizen of this section of the 
 
; state and a veteran of the Confederate 
 
;; service in the Civil war. He was born 
 
:: on the homestead plantation, in Talbot 
 
county, Ga., Nov. 15, 1842, and is a son 
 
of John Berrien and Mary (Hogg) Har 
 
vey. The father, who was a farmer by 
 
vocation, died when the subject of this 
 
sketch was but five years of age, and he 
 
was a mere infant at the time of his mothers death. He was thus 
 
early orphaned and was reared in the home of his uncle, Edward 
 
Hamilton Harvey, of Talbotton, who was for many years sheriff 
 
of Talbot county. William T. Harvey is the only surviving child 
 
of his fathers first marriage, and he has one half-brother and one 
 
half-sister Henry P. ; Harvey, of Americus, Ga., and Dolly, wife 
 
of Green J. Downs, of Talbot county. Mr. Harvey was reared 
 
to maturity in Talbotton, where he was afforded the advantages 
 
of an excellent private school. In the spring of 1861, when eighteen 
 
years of age, he enlisted in the Confederate service, as a private 
 
in Company A, Fourth Georgia infantry. He ran away from 
 
school to enter the army, joining the first company that went forth 
 
from Talbot county. After serving two years he was honorably 
 
discharged, on account of physical disability. Upon recuperating 
 
his energies he obtained a detail from the Confederate States gov 
 
ernment and during the remainder of the war was engaged in saw 
 
ing lumber for railway construction and repairs, having been de 
 
tailed for this special service. His experience in this line undoubt 
 
edly led to his adopting the lumber business as a life vocation, 
 
for he has been continuously identified with this line of enterprise 
 
from the close of the war to the present time. Since 1873 he has 
 
individually been concerned in owning and operating saw-mills, 
 
 234 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
at various points in Georgia, and he now owns and operates three two in Muscogee and one in Marion county. For the past twenty years he has also owned and operated a large sash, door and blind factory and conducted a general wholesale and retail lumber business in the city of Columbus. On Feb. 1, 1905, the bus iness was incorporated under the title of the W. T. Harvey Lum ber Company, the entire stock of the concern being owned by him and his two sons. He is president of the company, his son Wil liam H. is secretary and treasurer, and the other son, Eugene L., is vice-president. Both sons are individually mentioned in preced ing paragraphs. Mr. Harvey is a member of the Columbus board of trade; is a Democrat in his political proclivities; is a Master Mason; a member of the Royal Arcanum, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Heptasophs, the Knights of Honor and the United Confederate Veterans. He and his wife hold membership in St. Lukes church, Methodist Episcopal South. On March 20, 1864, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Harvey to Miss Loretta Thomas Downs, daughter of the late Dennis L. and Lucinda (Dickson) Downs, of Taylor county, Ga. Mr. and Mrs. Harvey have four children: William Henry, Estella, Eugene L. and Susie L. Estella is the wife of J. L. Slaughter, of Columbus. 
Harville, a village of Bulloch: county, is located about three miles from the Bryan county line, and in 1900 reported a popula tion of 111. It has good schools, churches, a money order postoffice, stores with good local trade, and does considerable shipping. The nearest railway station is Mqrrison, on the Seaboard Air Line. 
Hassler Mill, a post-village of Murray county, is located on Holly Creek, about fifteen miles northwest of Ellijay, which is the near est railroad station. In 1900 it reported a population of 55. 
Hat, a post-village of Irwin county, is located on the Little river, about three miles southwest of Cycloneta, which is the nearest railway station. In 1900;: it reported a population of 100, has public schools, churches, and;: stores with good local trade- 
Hatch, Albert S., cashier of the Merchants bank, of Augusta, and secretary and treasurer of the Equitable Trust Company, of the same city, is a native Georgian, having been born at the family homestead, about two miles distant from the city of Augusta, in Richmond county, Oct. 20, 1866. He is a son of Albert and Sarah Elizabeth (Sherman) Hatch, the former of whom was born in the vicinity of Lake Champlain, Clinton county, N. Y., in 1818, and the latter in 1824 in Warren county,: Ga., where their marriage was solemnized in the year 1842. The father had been previously mar- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
ried and his first wife died in Georgia. He was a harness-maker by trade, and was the founder of the harness and saddelry business now conducted by the firm of Day & Tannahill, of Augusta, the same being one of the largest concerns of the sort in the South. Albert Hatch died on Jan. 11, 1879, and his widow survived him by many years, her death occurring June 24, 1902. Albert S. Hatch, subject of this sketch, completed the curriculum of Richmond academy, in the city of Augusta, graduating as a member of the class of 1882. After leaving school he was for nine years em ployed in a clerical capacity in the Augusta office of the auditor of the Southern Express Company, and upon retiring from this position he became a clerk in the office of the Equitable Building and Loan Association, of Augusta, with which he was identified for eleven years, during the last eight of which he was secretary and treasurer of the association. In 1901 he was chosen secretary and treasurer of the Equitable Trust Company, of which office he he is still the incumbent, and he has been cashier of the Merchants bank from the time of its organization, on Feb. 1, 1904. He is a member of the Georgia Bankers association, is a Democrat in his political proclivities, and both he and his wife are members of St. Johns church, Methodist Episcopal South. On April 16, 1889, Mr. Hatch was united in marriage to Miss Cora Gow, daughter of James L. and Josephine (Sainsimon) Gow, of Augusta, and they have seven children, namely: Hamilton Gow, Helen Alberta, James Milo, Josephine Fearey, Albert Barrett, Charles Goodrich, .and Ernest Healey. 
Hatcher, A. Lee, a representative 
member of the bar of Johnson county 
and an influential factor in local, politi 
cal: and civic affairs, is engaged in the 
practice of his profession in Wrights- 
ville, the judicial center of the county. 
He is a native of Johnson county, where 
he;was born Dec. 25, 1874, a son of Will 
iam D. and Sarah (Bryant) Hatcher, the 
former of whom was born in Washing 
ton county and the latter in Jefferson 
coiinty, Ga. His grandfather, Eldredge 
Hatcher, was an officer in the Confeder ate service in the Civil war and died while in the service, at Rich mond, Va. William D. Hatcher is a planter by vocation and both he and his wife are still resident of Johnson county. A. Lee 
 
 236 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Hatcher passed his boyhood days on the homestead plantation and after a due preliminary discipline entered the Nannie Lou Warthen institute at Wrightsville, in which institution he was gradu ated with honors as a member, of the class of 1895. In 1899 he was matriculated in the law department of the University of Georgia, where he completed the prescribed course and was graduated as a member of the class of 1900, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws and being duly admitted to the bar of his native state. Im mediately after his graduation he opened an office in Wrightsville, and has met with unqualified success in the work of his profes sion, being recognized as an able trial lawyer and safe and con servative counselor. He has a representative clientage and has been identified with much important litigation in the courts of the county. Mr. Hatcher is one of the most ardent and enthusias tic supporters of the Democratic party in Johnson county, and has done most effective service in behalf of the party cause. In 1901-2 he was chairman of the Democratic executive committee of John son county, and within the period of his incumbency of this posi tion the Populist party received its first defeat in the county in eight years. Mr. Hatcher is- now (1906) the chairman of the Johnson county Democratic > executive committee. In 1901 he was elected justice of the peace and served one term. He is affiliated with Anderson Lodge, No. 243, Free and Accepted Masons, of which he is secretary; Wrightsville Chapter No. 114, Royal Arch Masons; Johnson Lodge, 110, Independent Order of Odd Fellows; and.Wrightsville Lodge, No. 304, Knights of Pythias, of which he is : chancellor commander. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal church South. On April 3, 1901, Mr. Hatcher was united in marriage to Miss Minnie May Tompkins, daughter of William A. and Emma M. (Hales) Tompkins, the former of whom died in 1890, in John son county, where his widow :;still maintains her home. Mr. and Mrs. Hatcher have two children, Pauline M. and Albon Lee. 
Hatcher, Milton B., senior member of the firm of Hatcher Bros., wholesale and retail dealers in hardware, 907 Broad street, Au gusta, is one of the popular and progressive business men of the city and a representative of old and well known Georgia families. He was born on the home plantation, in Columbia county, Ga., April 24, 1852, and is- a son of James M. and Sarah Frances (Lazenby) Hatcher, the former of whom was born in Burke and the latter in Columbia county, Ga. James M., who was a successful planter, died on April 9, 1861, and his widow still lives in Colum- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
S3? 
 
bia county, having attained the age of seventy-six years, in 1905. They became the parents of eight sons, all of whom were living until the youngest had reached the age of forty-five years, while 
only one is now deceased. Their names, 
in order of birth, are as follows: William 
E., Milton B., Charles A., Lucien V., 
Columbus J., James F., Edward M., and Alva L. James F. died at his home, in Harlem, Columbia county, Nov. 11, 1905. 
Milton B. Hatcher duly availed himself 
of the advantages of the schools of Co 
lumbia county, including a course in the 
high school at Harlem, and he then en 
tered Moores business college, in the 
city of Atlanta, in which well equipped 
institution he was graduated at the age of twenty years. He, then located in Augusta, where for the ensuing three years he was employed as salesman in a retail dry-goods store. He then returned to his native county and es tablished himself in the general mercantile business at Harlem, where he built up a most successful enterprise, continuing to be identified with the same for a period of eleven years, at the expira tion of which, in 1886, he returned to Augusta and associated him self with F. L. Fuller in the wholesale grocery business, under the firm name of Fuller, Hatcher & Co. In 1892 he sold his interest in the concern to Mr. Fuller, and for the following three years was engaged in the manufacturing business, having been associated with others in the ownership and operation of a cotton-yarn mill, known as the Richmond factory, ten miles distant from Augusta, on the line of the Southern railway. In 1895 he entered into part nership with his youngest brother, Alva L., in the wholesale and retail hardware business, and they have built up a large and flour ishing business within the intervening decade, conducting the en terprise under the name of Hatcher Bros., and having large and well equipped quarters at 907 Broad street. Mr. Hatcher is a stanch supporter of the principles and policies for which the Dem ocratic party stands sponsor, and is a member of St. Johns church, Methodist Episcopal South. In 1876 Mr. Hatcher was united in marriage to Miss Fannie: Embree, who died in 1879, leaving no children. On June 18, 1886, he married Miss Mary Jones, of Au gusta, and they have one son, William Jones Hatcher, born April 23, 1889. 
 
 238 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Hatcher, Samuel B., one of the representative members of the bar of Muscogee county and an ex-member of the state senate, is established in the successful practice of his profession in the city of Columbus, which has been his home from the time of his birth, which here occurred on Aug. 27, 1850. He is a son of Samuel J. Hatcher and Elizabeth McGehee, the former of whom was born in Virginia, in 1812, and came from the Old Dominion state to Georgia in 1836, taking up his residence in Columbus, where he passed the remainder of his. life, his death occurring on April 10, 1861; by vocation he was a trader and he built up a successful busi ness in Columbus, being one of its prominent citizens. His wife, who was born in Georgia, a representative of old and prominent families, survived him by many years, her death occurring in Sep tember, 1889. She was a daughter of Thomas and Malinda (Gummings) McGehee, the former being of Scotch and the latter of English lineage. Samuel J. :Hatcher was a son of Benjamin and Susan (Boieseau) Hatcher, the former of whom was of Scottish genealogy and the latter of-French Huguenot ancestry. After a preliminary course in a private school in Columbus Samuel B. Hatcher, subject of this review, entered an academy at Buena Vista, Ga., where he prosecuted a thorough course of study. He then entered the law department of the historic old University of Virginia, at Charlottesville, where he graduated as a member of the class of 1872 and received the degree of Bachelor of Laws. In September of the same year he was admitted to the -bar and since that time he has been engaged in the general practice of his profes sion in Columbus, his precedence and success offering the best vouchers as to his ability and his personal popularity. He is a member of the Georgia state bar association and remains a close and appreciative student of his profession. In politics he never deviates from the line which ^represents the trend of the Democra tic party, and he has served; seven terms as city attorney of Co lumbus and one term as representative of his district in the state senate, in 1892-3. He is a director of the Merchants and Me chanics bank of Columbus, is a Master Mason and both he and his wife hold membership in-St: Pauls church, Methodist Episco pal South, in which he is a steward. On Oct. 14, 1875, Mr. Hatcher was united in marriage to Miss Mary Lou Taylor, of Macon, who died Aug. 26, 1887, and who is survived by two children, Mattie, who is now the wife of M. Reynolds Flournoy, and Samuel B., Jr., who is a student in the University of Georgia. On Feb. 27, 1889, Mr. Hatcher contracted a second marriage, being then united to 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
239 
 
Miss Susie Madden, of Brunswick, Ga. They have three children: Fleurine, who is a student in the Wesleyan female college, in Macon, and Susie and Madden, who are attending the public schools of Columbus. 
Hatcher Station, a post-village of Quitman county, is located about six miles southeast of Georgetown, on the Central of Geor gia railroad. It has express and telegraph offices, some mercantile and shipping interests, and in 1900 reported a population of 62. 
Hawkins, Benjamin, soldier, United States senator and Indian agent, was born in 1754 in what is now Warren county, N. C. He attended Princeton college until his senior year, when the insti tution was closed on account of the Revolutionary war. His knowledge of the French: language led Washington to press him into service as a member of his staff, to act as interpreter with the French allies. He was at the battle of Monmouth, was in sev eral other engagements, and was one of the founders of the so ciety of the Cincinnati in 1783. After North Carolina ratified the Federal constitution he was elected one of the first United States senators from that state, taking his seat in 1790. At the close of his term in the senate he was appointed agent of the three great Indian tribes east of the Mississippi and entered upon his duties at Fort Hawkins (now Macon) in December, 1796, serving until his death, which occurred at the agency on June 6, 1816. Athough not a native of Georgia he was for twenty years closely identified with the states progress, especially in the negotiation of Indian treaties. 
Hawkins, Willis A., soldier and jurist, was born in Madison county, Jan. 15, 1825, and was admitted to the bar May 7, 1846. At the beginning of the war he organized a company which was made a part of the Twelfth Georgia regiment, of which he became colonel. He was appointed justice in 1880 and served only four months, during which time he made an excellent record. He died Nov. 28, 1886. 
Hawkins, W. A., of Ashburn, one of the leading members of the Turner county bar, judge: of the county court of that county and also the city court of Ashburn, was born in Dooly county, Ga., Dec. 28, 1868, his parents being H. T. and Lydia (Story) Hawkins, both natives of that county, where the father was born in 1845 and the mother in 1856. After receiving an academic education the subject of this sketch began the study of law under W. A. Harris, of \Vorth county, later continuing his studies under the preceptorship of Charles C. Kibbie,: of Macon, where he was admitted to the bar before Judge J. M. Griggs in September, 1895. Soon after his 
 
 240 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
admission Hr. Hawkins began the practice of law at Cordele, now the county seat of Crisp county, where he remained until 1900, when he removed to Ashburn. Here he has built up a representa 
tive clientage and has been honored by being elected to the judicial offices men-, tioned in the opening lines of this article. Mr.; Hawkins was secretary to the move ment to create additional counties in the state and took an active part in securing the passage and ratification of the amend ment to the state constitution permitting the organization of new counties. During the session of the general assembly in the ^summer of 1905 he was one of the leaders in the effort to create the new county of Turner with Ashburn as the county seat, and as a token of;his activity in this connection he was presented with the pen with which Governor Terrell signed the bill approving the establishment of Turner county. In his political affili ations Mr. Hawkins is a Democrat .of the Jacksonian school one of the kind that is always ready: to stand up for his political convic tions. He is a member of the ^Georgia bar association .and is recog nized as one of the representative attorneys of his section of the state. On June 1, 1893, Mr. Hawkins was united in marriage to Miss Laura Wylie, daughter of W. A. and Mollie- (Newton) Wylie, of Macon, Ga., and the children of this union are Malcolm, Willis, Laura Sue, Lawrence and Howell. Hawkinsville, the county seat of Pulaski county, is situated on the southwest side of the Ocimulgee river, and was incorporated by the legislature in 1830. In 1883 its charter was amended and it was made a city. In the earlier days of its existence it was re garded as an unhealthy place, but the introduction of artesian wells, supplying pure, wholesome water to the inhabitants, has made it one of the healthiest;cities in the state. It is on the di viding line between the oak and hickory lands to the north and the pine woods to the south. Before the introduction of railroads the town had a good trade to the coast through the steamboats on the Ocmulgee and Altamaha rivers, and these boats still do a profit able business. A short branch of the Southern railway connects Hawkinsville with the main line at Cochran, and the Wrightsville & Tennille railroad gives it another line to the coast, by connection with the Central of Georgia to Savannah, while from Tennille the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA.OF GEORGIA 
 
241 
 
Augusta Southern gives a connection with Augusta. Still another 
 
line of railroad connects Hawkinsville with the Georgia Southern 
 
& Florida at Worth. The town has express and telegraph offices, 
 
a money order postofnce with free rural delivery, three banks, a 
 
court-house, an ice factory, an electric light plant, a number of 
 
prosperous mercantile houses, a barrel factory with a capacity of 
 
400 barrels a day, a cotton mill, an oil and fertilizer works, a car 
 
riage factory and two newspapers. Hawkinsville handles annu 
 
ally about 11,000 bales of cotton, a fine system of public schools 
 
provides educational advantages for the young, and several denom 
 
inations have good churches. The population of the town in 1900 
 
was 2,103 and of the entire district 4,104. 
 
Hawk's Creek. During the Revolution as small stream near Au 
 
gusta was known by this name. In the attempt to surprise the 
 
British at Augusta, on the morning of Sept. 14, 1780, Major Tay- 
 
lor was sent with the left wing to enter the town by the road lead 
 
ing in from the west. Near Hawks creek he fell in with an Indian 
 
camp and a slight skirmish ensued. The fighting was rather des 
 
ultory but the noise of the firing served to alarm the British and 
 
prevent the surprise from being successful. (See Augusta). 
 
Hayes, Samuel L., of Thomasville, 
 
:: :l:::::i||:::;:; : : 
 
Ga., who died in Atlanta, Sept. 29, 1902, 
 
was one of the prominent and honored 
 
citizens of Thomas county. He was a 
 
leal and loyal soldier of the Confederacy 
 
in the war between the states and in all 
 
the relations of life his integrity was im 
 
pregnable. He attained to marked suc 
 
cess in temporal affairs, but ever showed 
 
a high appreciation of his stewardship 
 
and of the responsibilities such success 
 
entails, so that selfishness and intoler 
 
ance were never evidenced in his make 
 
up. Mr. Hayes was born-in Charleston, S. C, Oct. 23, 1841, a son 
 
of John Richard and Sarah Ann (Wiley) Hayes, the former born 
 
in Clarke county, Ga., Nov. 4, 1808. Representatives of both fam 
 
ilies were soldiers in the Indian wars and also the war of the Rev 
 
olution. The maiden name of his maternal grandmother was Ann 
 
Jack and she was resident: of Mecklenburg county, N. C. She was 
 
a near relative of James jack, who had the distinction of bearing 
 
to Philadelphia and presenting to the Continental Congress the 
 
Mecklenburg declaration :of independence. John Richard Hayes 
 
16--11 
 
 242 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
acted as assistant secretary of state under his maternal uncle, Ed ward Hamilton, who was secretary of state in Georgia during the administrations of Governors Troup, Forsyth and Gilmer. Mr. Hayes was a student in the University of Georgia at Athens, when the Civil war was precipitated and he promptly tendered his aid in defense of the cause of the Confederacy. In April, 1861, at the age of nineteen years, he enlisted as a private in Company K, Third Georgia infantry, which became a part of Wrights brigade. The regiment was first assigned to service on the "Merrimac," at Ports mouth, Va., whence it was sent to Roanoke island and then to the Dismal swamp, after which it joined the Army of Northern Vir ginia, with which it served to the end of the war. Mr. Hayes was promoted to the office of sergeant, was with his command in the battles around Richmond, and took part in the battles of Seven Pines, Chickahominy, Malvern Hill, second Manassas, where he was wounded in the shoulder, then at Harpers Ferry and the en gagement at Sharpsburg, where he was twice wounded. He was on picket duty at Fredericksburg and gave the alarm when the enemy attempted to lay the first pontoon; was severely wounded at Chancellorsville; participated in the battles of Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Cold Harbor, Culpepper Court House and Peters burg; surrendered with his command at Appomattox, and it may consistently be said that no braver or truer son of the south wore the gray during the four long years of the great conflict between the states. After the war Mr. Hayes engaged in the general mer chandise business and later became a successful cotton factor. He retired from these lines of enterprise to organize the Thomasville National bank. As president of that institution he brought the same to a status as one of the most solid and successful banking houses in the state, strong financially and helpful to thousands. He continued president of the; bank until his death. In politics he was a stanch supporter of the ^principles and policies of the Demo cratic party, and was called up:on to serve in various offices of pub lic trust and responsibility. For many years he served continu ously as a member of the board of aldermen of Thomasville; was chairman of its finance committee and was also long in service as a chairman of the board of county commissioners, where he ever manifested marked liberality and public spirit. He was a devoted churchman and took a prominent part in the work of the local or ganization of the Methodist Episcopal church South, having been chairman of its board of stewards for many years. He was identi fied with the Masonic fraternity, the United Confederate Veterans, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
243 
 
the Royal Arcanum and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. On June 28, 1871, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Hayes to Miss Sallie Louise Wright, daughter of William C. and Evelina Elizabeth Ross (Abercrombie) Wright, of Montgomery, Ala., and she still maintains her home in Thomasville. Of this marriage were born six children, namely: John Richard, Marion Wiley, Mary Evelina, Sara Louise, Samuel LeRoy and Ross Hamilton. All are living except John R. and Mary E., both of whom died in infancy. Mr. Hayes was known as a philanthropist and benefac tor. He was a man of distinctive culture, courteous and kindly, and extremely modest. He was a stanch friend to young men, many of whom he assisted in a business way as well as by per sonal encouragement and advice. He was a man of firm convic tions and of few words. He was courtly and patrician in appear ance and his character was symmetrical and beautiful. He was indeed one of natures noblemen. 
Haygood, Atticus G., clergyman and educator, was born at Watkinsville, Ga., Nov. 19, 1839. At the age of twenty years he was graduated at Emory college, having been licensed in his senior year to preach. During ;the Civil war he was a chaplain in the Confederate army, afterward served as presiding elder, and in 1870 to accept the presidency of Emory college, where he continued un til 1884. During his administration the institution was almost odist Episcopal church Sbuth. This position he resigned in 1875 was elected editor of the: Sunday-school publications of the Methcleared of debt, and the endowment fund increased from $13,000 to $100,000. This happy:: condition of the institution was brought about mainly through the gift of George I. Seney, of New York, who was so favorably impressed with the good work of Dr. Haygood, that he gave $150|000 to the college. In May, 1882. Dr. Haygood was elected one of the bishops of the Methodist Episcopal church South, but declined because he felt that he could do more good by remaining at the head of the college. The following fall he was made the agent for the "Slater Fund," and after resigning the college presidency in 1884 devoted his attention exclusively to this work. In May, 1890, he was again elected bishop, and this time he accepted. Subsequently he removed to Los Angeles, Cal., where he continued his labors as a bishop. He died in 1896. Be fore his death a writer said of him: "The South reveres him; the negroes love him; the North respects him; Methodism is proud of him, and the republic regards him as one of its strongest con servators." He published a number of works, among which was 
 
 244: 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
"The Man of Galilee," an argument for the divinity of Christ, 
 
which is said to have been the best utterance on the subject of 
 
the nineteenth century. 
 
: 
 
Haylow, a post-village of Echols county, is located at the junc 
 
tion of the Georgia Southern & Florida and the Atlantic Coast 
 
Line railroads. It is the trade; center and shipping point for an 
 
extensive region, and has telegraph and express offices and stores 
 
with good local trade. 
 
Hayne, Linwood C., president of the National bank of Augusta, 
 
and also the Planters loan and savings bank, of the same city, 
 
was born in Waynesboro, Burke county, Ga., April 23, 1858. He 
 
is a son of James B. and Julia> Whitehead (Clinton) Hayne, the 
 
former of whom was born in South Carolina and the latter in Rich 
 
mond county, Ga., both being now deceased. The father was a 
 
lawyer by profession and was a veteran of the Mexican war, in 
 
which he served as a member of the Palmetto regiment, from South 
 
Carolina. Linwood C. Hayne ;;attended the common schools of 
 
Burke county and supplemented this discipline by study in the 
 
high school at Hephzibah, Richmond county, while later he was 
 
graduated in Moores business university, in the city of Atlanta. 
 
He initiated his business career; as clerk in the mercantile estab 
 
lishment of J. B. White & Co., :jof Augusta, soon afterward being 
 
made assistant bookkeeper for the. concern, in whose employ he 
 
remained consecutively for a period of fourteen years, within 
 
which time he rose through various grades of merited promotion 
 
to the responsible position of credit man and confidential adviser. 
 
He severed his connection with this well known house in 1894. 
 
In the preceding year he had been elected president of the Planters 
 
loan and savings bank, which is now the largest and strongest sav 
 
ings bank in Augusta, and he has remained its executive head to 
 
the present time. In January, 1&94, he also became president of 
 
the National bank of Augusta, Which was established in 1865 and 
 
which is one of the stanch financial institutions of the state, being 
 
capitalized for $250,000. In addition to these two important posi 
 
tions Mr. Hayne is also president of the Southerland Manufactur 
 
ing Company, of Augusta; vice-president of the Georgia Chemi 
 
cal Works, of Augusta; member of the board of directors of the 
 
Warren Manufacturing Company, of the same, city; and a direc 
 
tor of the Augusta Land Company and the United States Fidelity 
 
and Guarantee Company, the headquarters of the latter being in 
 
the city of Baltimore, Md. In politics he accords allegiance to the 
 
Democracy, and his religious faith is indicated by his membership 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
245 
 
in St. Johns Methodist Episcopal church South, of whose board of trustees he is chairman. He is a member and ex-president of the Georgia bankers association and a member of the American bankers association. Mr. Hayne is an appreciative member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has completed the circle of the York Rite, being a past master of Webb Lodge, No. 166, Free and Accepted Masons; past eminent commander of Georgia Commandery, No. 1, Knights Templars, the oldest in the state; and a mem ber of Yaarab Temple, Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, in the city of Atlanta. He is also a member of the Augusta Country club and is president of the Augusta Game Pre 
serve club. Hayne, Paul H., poet, was born at Charleston, S. C., Jan. 1, 1830. 
His early education was received at home, but later he took a course at the South Carolina college. For a time he practiced law, but his natural bent was toward poetry. During the bombard ment of Charleston his home was destroyed and with it his fine library. After the war he removed to Augusta, Ga., where he en gaged in literary work. He died in July, 1886. Among his most noted poems are "Daphles"; "Cambyses and the Macrobian Bow", "The Story of Glaucus the Thessalian", and "The Wife of Brit 
tany". Hayne, William Hamilton, poet, son of Paul H. Hayne, was born 
at Charleston, S. C., in 1856. As a child he was delicate and his parents educated him at home. His first work was published about 1879, after which time he became contributor to the best magazines of the country. ;He read an original poem on the occa sion of the unveiling of the bust of Sidney Lanier at the public library in Macon. His poems have been published in a volume entitled "Sylvan Lyrics and: Other Verses". 
Haynes, Charles E., was born in Brunswick county, Va., but at an early age came with his family to Sparta, Ga., where he re ceived a good education. He was elected representative in Con gress as a Democrat in 1824 and was thrice reelected. In 1834 he was again elected and was reelected in 1836. 
Hays, Malcolm R., a representative retail grocer and meat dealer of Augusta, was born in that city April 22, 1875, and is one of the progressive young -business:; men of his native city. He is a son of John M. and Rosa L. (Jones) Hays, the former of whom was born in Florida and the latter in Georgia. The father became a resident of Augusta in his boyhood days and was here reared and educated. He is now engaged in the shoe business, having a well 
 
 246 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
equipped store at 1140 Broad street. He and his wife are members of the First Presbyterian church, as is also the subject of this sketch. Malcolm R. Hays was educated at Richmond academy 
and Osbornes business college, of Au gusta, ^leaving school at the age of seven 
teen years and taking a position in the store of his father. Soon afterward he en tered the employ of the Central of Georgia Railroad Company, as a clerk in the local offices-, retaining this position two years, and passing the ensuing two years in 
service as a stenographer in the law office of Hon. Leonard Phinizy, of Augusta. Thereafter he traveled in various parts of thei Union, being absent from Au gusta for a period of four years. Upon his return he took the position of billing clerk in the freight office of the Central of Georgia railroad, holding this position two years, at the expiration of which, in January, 1900, he engaged in the retail grocery business at 618 Fourth street, as the successor of his father. The business is still conducted under the firm name of J. M. Hays & Son, and is a rnost flourishing one. The estab lishment is attractive in appointments and in addition to groceries special attention is given to thei handling of fresh and salt meats. Mr. Hays is a member of the American Protective Association and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. He served as private and later as corporal in Company Cj Second Georgia volunteer infan try, during the late Spanish-American war. Dec. 14, 1898. wit nessed the marriage of Mr. Hays to Miss Clara Ida Menken, who was born in Atlanta, Ga., on Aug. 3, 1876, and is a daughter of Gottfried and Sarah (Jones) Menken. Hayston, a village of Newton!; county, is also a station on the Central of Georgia railroad, about six miles southeast of Covington, and in 1900 reported a population of 49. It has a money or der postoffice, school, church and stores, and does some shipping. Hazen, a post-village in the northern part of Columbia county, is about five miles from the Savannah river. In 1900 it reported a population of 42. It is a trading center for a prosperous farm ing community. Grovetown, in;:the southern part of the county, is the nearest railroad station. ,: Hazlehurst, the county seat of the new county of Jeff Davis, is located on the line of the Southern railway which connects Macon 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA QF GEORGIA 
 
247 
 
and Brunswick. It was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1891, has a money order post-office with rural free delivery, tele 
graph and express offices, a bank, several successful business houses, while in the town and vicinity are saw mills and turpentine distilleries. Its growing importance caused its selection as the county seat of a new county. It had by the census of 1900 a pop ulation of 793, and is well supplied with church and school privi 
leges. 
 
Headen, a post-hamlet of White county, is in the northwestern part of the county. The nearest station is Clarkesville, on the Tal- 
lulah Falls railroad. 
 
Heard, Benjamin Wilkinson, was one 
 
!s :- 
 
of; the distinguished and honored citi 
 
zens of Wilkes county and left upon his 
 
times the impress of a strong and noble 
 
manhood. He was prominent as a 
 
planter and capitalist and served as the 
 
first mayor of Washington, to whose de 
 
velopment and material and civic up 
 
building he contributed in unstinted 
 
measure. He was born in Wilkes county, Ga., Sept. 2, 1821, and his parents were 
 
also natives of the same county, where 
his father, Jesse Faulkner Heard, was born Jan. 17, 1785, and his: mother, Caroline (Wilkinson) Heard, 
Jan. 1, 1793, their marriage having been solemnized on March 5, 1809. His ancestry on!: both sides traces back to the Old Dominion state, in which so much of our national history was fostered, and his father served as a commissioned officer in 
the war of 1812. The latters father, who likewise bore the 
name of Jesse Faulkner Heard, served with the patriot troops of Virginia in the war of ithe Revolution. In Virginia he mar ried Miss Judith Wilkinson; an English lady, and besides the son and namesake the family included several daughters. His service in the Revolution is indicated on the records of Wilkes county, Ga., where he was given large grants of land. The subject of this 
memoir well maintained the military honors of the name, having served in the Georgia campaign as a brigadier-general of the Con 
federate troops in the Civil:-war, in which he continued on active duty until its close. He was educated in Washington, and main 
tained his home in his native county throughout the course of his long and signally useful life. He was identified with plantation 
 
 248 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
interests from his youth to the time of his death, operating exten sively in this important industrial line, and becoming one of the leading capitalists and business men of the county. In politics he accorded a stanch allegiance to the Democratic party, ever mani festing a loyal interest in the furtherance of its cause. He was elected the first mayor of Washington and as chief executive of the municipal government gave a most admirable administration, gaining to the city the reputation of being one of the best ordered in the state, and this without raising the established rate of taxa tion. He was originally identified with the Baptist church but later united with the Presbyterian, his sincerity and deep Christian faith being shown in his daily walk and conversation. He was a Mason of high degree and was ever devoted to noble and timehonored fraternity. He was; a man of fine intellectuality, a good linguist and endowed with high mental accomplishments, his mem ory being exceptional, as indicated in his facility in quoting freely and at length from the best;:standard literature, of which he had read widely and with appreciative discrimination. Generous, tol erant and hospitable, he stood as a type of the old-school gentle man of the south, and his hip me life was gracious and delightful in all its relations. Gen. Heard was twice married. In February, 1855, he was united to Miss-Zilla Victoria Bradley, daughter of Francis and Pherabe (Goldsby) Bradley, of Summerfield, Ala., and she is survived by two children, Mrs. Annie E. Callaway and W. W. Heard. On Dec. 2, 1869, Gen. Heard married Miss Sue B. Blakey, of Russellville, Ky., -and the issue of this union is Jesse Faulkner Heard, of Washington. 
Heard County was laid out from Troup, Carroll and Coweta in 1830, and named for Stephen; Heard, governor of Georgia in 1781. It lies in the western part of the state and is bounded on the north by Carroll county, on the east by Coweta, on the south by Troup, and on the west by the State- of Alabama. It is well watered by the Chattahoochee river and jits tributaries. The streams supply an abundance of fish and small game birds are plentiful. The greatest part of the surface is covered with forests of oak, hick ory, and pine. The pine lands are especially productive. The soil is generally gray sandy, with clay subsoil, and with fair cul tivation will produce cotton, wheat, oats, Irish and sweet potatoes, sorghum and sugar-cane. Vegetables, fruits and melons are raised, but owing to the lack of transportation facilities, none are shipped. Much attention is being paid to the raising of cattle for the mar ket and the various grasses and forage crops are cultivated. An 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
249 
 
excellent quality of granite is found, gold occurs in small quanti ties in the sands of the Chattahoochee and its western tributaries, iron and lead have been discovered, but none of the mines are worked to any extent. The streams furnish water-power, which is utilized by a number of factories and mills. There are no rail roads. The population in 1900 was 11,177, a gain of 1,620 in ten years. Franklin, the county seat, and Corinth are the principal towns. The Franklin collegiate institute and numerous other schools offer good educational advantages. A number of Indian mounds are found along the Chattahoochee river. 
Heard, Stephen, was a native of Ireland, but the date of his birth is unknown. He came with his father to America while still in his boyhood, and was a soldier in the French and Indian war. About 1774 he settled in Wilkes county, Ga., and built a fort where the city of Washington now stands. When the Revolution began he at once espoused the cause of the colonists, enlisted as a soldier and fought with Col. Elijah Clarke in the defense of western Geor gia. He also distinguished himself at the battle of Kettle creek, and on Feb. 18, 1781, was elected president of the council. When Gov. Richard Howley was elected to the Continental Congress Heard became acting governor of the colony until the election of Governor Brownson. After the war he returned to his farm, where he died on Nov. 15, 1815. Heard county was named in his honor. 
Heardmont, a village of Elbert county, is a station on the Sea board Air Line railroad, about eleven miles east of Elberton. It has a money order post-office, express and telegraph offices, some stores and is a shipping point for the surrounding plantations. The population in 1900 was 70. 
Heardville, a post-village of Forsyth county, is about six miles northwest of Gumming, and in 1900 had a population of 91. 
Heartsease, a post-village of Berrien county, is located on the Atlantic Coast Line railway, about fifteen miles southeast of Tifton. It has express and; telegraph offices, some mercantile inter ests, does some shipping :and in 1900 reported a population of 146. 
Hebrew Orphans Home. (See Charitable Institutions). Hedwig, a post-hamlet; of Lumpkin county, is about five miles southwest of Dahlonega.: The nearest railroad station is Jasper, on the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern. Helena, a town in the: northwestern part of Telfair county, is about three miles from McRae and at the junction of the main line of the Southern railway and the Americus & Savannah division of the Seaboard Air Line. The town was incorporated by act of the 
 
 250 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
legislature in 1891, and being situated in the midst of the great pine and turpentine belt, it is quite a busy place with its saw mills and its shipments of lumber,;: shingles, turpentine and rosin. It has express and telegraph offices, a money order post office, good business houses, good schools and the additional advantage of proximity to the South Georgia college at McRae. The Helena district has 975 inhabitants, of whom 604 live in the town. 
Hemp, a post-hamlet of Fannin county, with a population of 33 in 1900, is about seven miles :east of Mineral Bluff, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Hempstead, a post-village of Colquitt county, is located near the Brooks county line and in 1900 reported a population of 61. The nearest station is Barney, on the South Georgia & West Coast railroad. 
Henderson, a post-village of Houston county, is located nine miles southeast of Perry and is: the center of a fine agricultural dis trict. It has a school, churches, stores with good local trade, and does considerable shipping. The population in 1900 was 127. 
Henderson, Manasseh, of Ocilla, is one of thfe prominent farmers and honored 
citizens of Irwin county, and is a veteran 
of the Civil war, in which both he and his father rendered gallant service in sup 
port .of the cause of the Confederacy. 
Captain Henderson is a native son of 
Irwin county, where he was born Jan. 1, 
1843, ;:a son of Capt. Daniel and Pherabe 
(Whiddon) Henderson, both of whom were ;:born and reared in Georgia. Dan 
iel Henderson enlisted, March 4, 1862, 
in Company B, Tenth battalion, Geotgia volunteer infantry, his company being known as the "Worth Reb els," as it was organized in Worth county, and he was elected the first captain of the company, re-signing the office in 1863, upon his election to the legislature of the state. He was a man of exalted character, a citizen of worth and prominence, and his name merits an enduring place in the annals of the state which he honored by his life and his services as a valiant defender of the "lost cause." Manasseh Henderson was reared on the homestead plantation, received a common-school education, and it was his privilege to become a member of the same company in which his father enlisted at the time of the Civil war. The date of his enlistment 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
25J. 
 
was March 4, 1862, and he rose through the various grades of pro motion to the office of captain, having been chosen to this office in March, 1865, but did not receive his commission, owing to the close of the war soon afterward. He was in command of the com pany, however, and surrendered at Appomattox. The "Worth Rebels" covered themselves with honors through their gallant and effective service, particularly in the closing months of the war, in the operations of the Army of Northern Virginia. About the mid dle of March, 1864, after having served with Longstreets Corps, the battalion was ordered to report at Orange Court House, Va., where the Army of Northern Virginia was concentrated in readi ness to meet General Grant in his movement toward Richmond. On reaching Orange Court House, as reported by Capt. Manasseh Henderson in his carefullyprepared and published muster roll of the "Worth Rebels", in 1904, "The battalion was assigned to duty with Gen. A. R. Wrights brigade of Georgians, Mahones division, A. P. Hills corps, where^ it remained until the close of the war. Company B was continuously with the battalion and engaged in all the battles at the Wilderness, Spottsylvania Court House, North and South Anna rivers, Cold Harbor and Games Mill; in front of Richmond and Petersburg during the siege of those cities by the Federal army which began!in June, 1864, and lasted until the last of March, 1865, and the last engagement in which the battalion took any part occurred, as t remember it, about two or three miles north of Farmville, Va., onlthe evening of April 7, 1865, in which a whole brigade of Federals was captured, only to: be recaptured on the morning of the 9th following, when. General Lee surrendered." So pertinent and optimistic iare the words with which Captain Hen derson closes his words to-jhis old comrades in the pamphlet from which the above excerpt was made, that they are deemed worthy of reproduction in this connection: "We, the few remnants of that once might army of resolute southern soldiers, standing near the brink of the dark river over which so many of our comrades have passed, watch with pride and satisfaction the march of the rising generation to great achievements in all the lines of peaceful pursuits, and wish for theni and their posterity all the blessings of good government, peace and prosperity." Captain Henderson is the only surviving commissioned officer of his company. He is an appreciative and popular member of the United Confederate Vet erans. Since the close of the war he has been actively engaged in agricultural pursuits and has contributed his quota to the rebuild ing of the prostrated industries of the fair southland. He has re- 
 
 252 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
sided in Ocilla since 1867 and has a well improved and finely cul tivated plantation of 200 acres. He is a director in the Bank of Ocilla, has other local interests, and is a public-spirited and pro gressive citizen. In politics he accords an unswerving allegiance to the Democratic party; has served as clerk of the superior court of Irwin county; also as county commissioner, and in 1888-9 he represented his district in the state senate. He and his wife are members of the Baptist church. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, in which he was initiated at Franklin, Va., while serv ing in the ranks of the Confederate forces. On Oct. 19, 1865 ; Cap tain Henderson was united in : marriage to Miss Mary V. Young, daughter of Jacob and Sophia: (Fletcher) .Young, of Irwin county. Mrs. Henderson died in Atlanta Oct. 18, 1904, and Mr. Henderson was married to Mrs. Addie E. :Hobbs of Ocilla Oct. 17, 1905. 
Henderson, William, who resides on 
his fine plantation, near Ocilla, Irwin 
county, has passed his entire life in that 
section of the state and is one of the 
prominent and honored citizens of his 
county, which he represented in the state legislature. He was born in Irwin coun 
ty, Ga., May 13, 1846, a son of Dan iel and Pherabe Ann (Whiddon) Hen 
derson. The father passed his entire life 
in Georgia, having been born in Laurens county, June 17, 1818, and died Feb. 8, 
1879. He served about ten years as a representative of Worth county in the state legislature, and in the Civil war was in the Confederate service, as captain of Company B, Tenth Georgia, battalion of :infantry, which position he resigned in the fall of 1863, having been elected representative of Worth county for the years of 1864-65:; Of the eleven children in his fam ily the subject of this sketch wa.s the third in order of birth, and of the number, nine are still living. William Henderson secured his early education in the common schools at Isabella, Worth county, and was but fifteen years of age at the time of the outbreak of the Civil war. His loyalty to the Confederate cause was unstinted and he became second sergeant in::Company F of the Tenth Georgia, state troops, with which he participated in the fighting around At lanta. He was wounded at Griswoldville and secured a furlough of sixty days which was extended sixty days, before the expiration of which the war came to a close. After the war he was appointed 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
253 
 
to fill out the unexpired term of William Keene as sheriff of Worth county, and at the expiration of the term was elected to succeed himself, being but twenty-one years of age at the time. After the close of his regular term he continued identified with this branch of the county service in the capacity of deputy sheriff for one term. Thereafter he turned his attention to agricultural pursuits and the live stock business, in which he met with a fair measure of success. He was a member of the board of education of Worth county about two years, and in January, 1879, he removed to his present well im proved estate, near Ocilla, where he has since maintained his home. His political allegiance is given unreservedly to the Democratic party, and in 1898-9 he ably represented Irwin county in the lower house of the state legislature. For the past twelve years he has been incumbent of the office of justice of the peace, and he is also a member of the board of the experimental farm for the Eleventh congressional district of the state, the same being maintained under national and state governmental auspices. Mr. Henderson is affili ated with the Masonic fraternity and the Knights of Pythias, and is deacon and treasurer in the Missionary Baptist church in Ocilla, taking an active part in all departments of the church work. He has been twice married. In June, 1867, he married Miss Salanda Cox, who died in 1892, having borne to him seven children, con cerning whom the following record is entered: Daniel R. is a res ident of Florida; Alice married Thomas McMillan of Osierfield, Irwin county, Ga.; Martha V. is the wife of Dr. J. C. Luke, of Ocilla; Cora B. is the wife of Thos. W. Elarbee, a resident of Florida; James M. also maintains his home in that state; Albert S. J. and John G. reside in their home county of Irwin. On Jan. 4, 1898, Mr. Henderson was united in marriage to Miss Roberta D. Swann, and of the three children of this union the eldest, Henry Powell, died April 6, 1906,; the younger children being Pherabe G. and Herbert K. The latter died June 24, 1906. Besides his farm ing and other interests in his county, Mr. Henderson has been one of the most active workers in building up the nice little city of Ocilla for which he and his brothers deserve much credit. 
Hendricks, a post-village of Upson county, is a station on the Macon & Birmingham railroad, about seven miles southeast of Woodbury. It has some mercantile interests and does considerable shipping. The population :in 1900 was 87. 
 
 254 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Hendricks, J. Walter, is principal of that valued institution, the Southern normal institute, at Douglas, and is rec ognized as one of the able and popular factbrs: in the educational circles of Geor gia.: He is a native of Bulloch county, Ga.,: where he was born Oct. 21, 1873, a son of Marida and Mary (Durden) Hendricks, the former born Feb. 26, 1851, and the latter Sept. 23, 1847. The paternal grandfather, John Hendricks, was: born Dec. 9, 1804, died in July, 1890, and: was laid to rest in the family ceme tery in Bulloch county, beside; that of his wife, Elizabeth, who died in 1878. The maternal grandparents of Professor Hendricks were Eleazer and Roxie (Rountree) Durden, and both passed their whole lives in Enianuel county, Ga. John Hendricks was a soldier in the Seminole and Creek Indian wars, and Eleazer Durden was a valiant soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil war, having taken part in the various and sanguinary engagements in which the Army of Northern Virginia was involved. The subject of this review secured his preliminary education in the common schools of Bul loch county and also attended the high school at Millen. In Sep tember, 1893, he was matriculated in the University of Georgia, in which he was graduated in June, 1897, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts and standing third in a class of forty-five mem bers. In September of the same year he took a position in the Millen high school, where he taught one year, after which he was engaged in successful pedagogic work in the state of Tennessee until 1900, when he went to Douglas, Ga., as first assistant in the Southern normal institute, being elected principal of that institu tion two years later and having since served in this capacity, giv ing a most admirable administration both in an academic and exec utive sense. In politics Professor Hendricks is a stanch supporter of the principles of the Democratic party; is a member of the Primitive Baptist church and; his wife is a Methodist. On June 5, 1901, was solemnized his marriage to Miss Nina V. Lively, daughter of Dr. M. M. Lively, of Statesboro, Ga., and they have three children J. Walter, Jr., born Aug. 14, 1902; Charles Ellison, born July 4, 1904; and Martha: Marguerite, born Feb. 11, 1906. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
255 
 
Hendricks, Willie H., M. D., is one of the leading medical practitioners of Tift county, his residence and professional 
headquarters being in the thriving town of Tifton. He was born on a plantation a few miles west of Statesboro, Bulloch county, Ga., Aug. 16, 1873, a son of Rob ert and Nancy (Parish) Hendricks, both 
of whom were likewise native of Bulloch county. In 1889 they removed to Arkan sas, where they still live, the father be 
ing a successful agriculturist. After at 
tending the public schools of Bulloch county Doctor Hendricks continued his studies in the high school at Millen, Screven county, where he completed his more purely academic education. In preparation for the work of his chosen profession he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at St. Louis, Mo., and graduated in this institution as a member of the class of 1897, duly receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine. In 1901 he took an effective post-graduate course in the New Orleans polyclinic, and in 1903 did farther post-graduate work in the New York polyclinic. He has built up an excellent practice in Tifton and his success in the work of his profession, both as a physician and surgeon has been most gratifying. He is identified with the American medical association and the Medical Association of Geor gia ; is surgeon to the Georgia Southern & Florida railroad and medical examiner for the following life insurance companies: Equitable, Penn Mutual, Pacific Mutual, Sun Life, Franklin Life, Michigan Mutual and Provident Savings, as well as for the Knights of Pythias and Woodmen of the World, of both of which fraternal orders he is a member. He is also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Free and Accepted Masons. He is vice-president of the Merchants and Farmers, bank, of Tifton, and is one of the progressive citizens of that city. In politics he renders allegiance to the. Democracy and belongs to the Baptist church. His wife is a Methodist. On Dec. 21, 1898, Doctor Hend ricks was united in marriage to Miss Lula May Dell, daughter of Charles G. and Margaret A.. (Thompson) Dell, of Tyty, Ga. The children of this union are: Vera May, born Dec. 16, 1900, and Margaret Glenn, born Oct. 11, 1902. 
 
 256 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Henry, a post-hamlet of Franklin county, is located near the Banks county line, about ten miles from Estanollee, which is the 
nearest railroad station. Henry County was created in 1821, from lands acquired by treaty 
with the Indians, and was named for Patrick Henry, the renowned patriot and orator of Virginia. The first superior court of Henry county was held June 10, 1822, at the home of William Ruff, Judge Clayton presiding. It lies in the central part of the state and is bounded on the north by DeKalb county, on the northeast by Rockdale and Newton, on the southeast by Butts, on the south by Spaulding, and on the west by Clayton. Numerous small creeks flow across the surface in all directions watering every part of the county. The soil along these creeks is rich and yields abundant crops of cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, sweet and Irish potatoes, sorghum, sugar-cane, field and ground peas. The Henry county cotton is noted for its superior; quality and is in great demand at the Eastern mills. Fruit of alli kinds grows with little cultivation, though but little of it is exported. Most of the streams offer excel lent water-power inducements for the erection of factories and the people are anxious for cotton, cotton seed oil mills and canneries, which would effect a home market for the products of their planta tions and orchards. The Central of Georgia and two lines of the Southern railway system traverse the county, providing good op portunities for transportation. McDonough is the county seat. It is claimed that the Jacksonian, published at McDonough in 1828, was the first newspaper:, to advocate Andrew Jackson for president. Flippen, Stockbridge and Locust Grove are thriving towns. The population in 1900 was 18,602, a gain of 2,382 since 1890. The county is well supplied with good schools. 
Heph2ibah, a town of Richmond county, is located on the Au gusta Southern railway. It is a town of homes mainly, and some of its citizens, who are not engaged in farming, have their busi ness offices in Augusta. It has a money order post-office with rural free delivery system, express and telegraph offices and several stores. The Methodists and Baptists have churches and good schools afford to the young people educational advantages. The population according to the census of 1900 was 541. The town was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1870. 
Herbert, Rev. Henry, was an English clergyman, who volun teered to come as a missionary1 with the first emigrants who left that country for Georgia. Stevens says that through his labors the first settlers brought with them 115 Bibles, 116 common prayer 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
257 
 
books, 312 copies of the catechism and over 500 volumes of relig ious literature. After about three months in the new colony he started to return to England but died on the voyage. 
Herberts Place. McCall gives this account of a skirmish at Herberts place in February, 1779: "Shortly after the action of Kettle creek, General Andrew Williamson, with part of the militia of his brigade, and some of the Georgia militia, took a position near Augusta, on the Carolina, side of the Savannah river. Col. Leonard Marbury, with fifty dragoons of his regiment and some militia, took post near Brownsborough, in Richmond county. Colonel Twiggs, and Lieutenant-Colonel John Mclntosh, assembled some of the militia of Richmond county, and passing downward in the rear of the British, at Augusta, surprised one of their out posts at Herberts, consisting of seventy men; killed and wounded several of the British regulars and militia, and compelled the re mainder to surrender." 
Herman, Samuel who is established in the wood and coal busines in Savannah, is one of the well known and substantial citizens of the beautiful "Forest City," and is a veteran of the Civil war, in which he served as a loyal soldier of the Confederacy. Mr. Herman was born in Bavaria, Germany, April .7, 1843, and his principal educational training was se cured in the excellent schools of the fatherland. In 1858, when about fifteen years of age, he came to America, first locating in Providence, Fla., of which state he was a resident at the time when the dark cloud of civil war obscured the national horizon. He enlisted as a private in Company F, Fourth Florida infantry, with which he was in active service until May 27, 1864, when he was captured by the enemy, at Dallas, Ga., and imprisoned at Rock Island, 111. for a period of six months, when he was released, through the kindly intervention of northern friends. After the war he engaged in the general mer chandise business in Ocala, Fla., where he remained until 1870, when he removed to Savannah, where he has since continued to make his home. Here he; was engaged in the auction commission business until 1878, when he established himself in the provision business, continuing to be identified with this line of enterprise until 1898, since which year he has conducted a prosperous business 
17-11 
 
 g58 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
in the wholesale and retail handling of coal and wood, being the 
 
senior partner in The Herman Coal and Wood Company. His 
 
associates are his two sons, Moses S. and Carl J. The three are 
 
also associated in the conducting of a prosperous commission bus 
 
iness, under the firm name of M. S. Herman & Bro. In a fraternal 
 
way Mr. Herman is identified with the Masonic fraternity and the 
 
Independent Order of Bnai Brith, being a past president of the 
 
local organization of the latter. He is a member of the Harmonic, 
 
club; one of the directors of the Hebrew orphans home, in the city 
 
of Atlanta; vice-president and treasurer of the Congregation 
 
Mickva Israel, of Savannah; and a director in National bank of 
 
Savannah. In politics he is a stanch advocate of the principles 
 
and policies for which the Democratic party stands sponsor, and 
 
he takes a loyal interest in public affairs of a local nature, being at 
 
the present time a member of the sinking-fund commission of 
 
Savannah. On Sept. 29, 1868, Mr. Herman was united in mar 
 
riage to Miss Cecelia Triest, of Savannah, and they have five chil 
 
dren : Moses S. and Carl J., ;who are associated with their father 
 
in business, as already noted; Jeanette,.who is, the wife of Leroy 
 
B. Stern, of Richmond, Va.; and Miriam and Milton T., who re 
 
main at the parental home. 
 
Hermitage, a post-hamlet of Floyd county, is located about nine 
 
miles northeast of Rome and; four east of Shannon, which is the 
 
nearest railroad station. 
 
Herndon, a village of Jenkins county, is located on the Central 
 
of Georgia railroad about ten miles west of Millen, and in 1900 
 
reported a population of 200. It has a money order postoffice, an 
 
express office, stores with good local trade and does some shipping. 
 
Herod, a town of Terrell county, was incorporated Nov. 15, 1901. 
 
It is located about five miles; southwest of Dawson, which is the 
 
most convenient railroad station, and in 1900 reported a population 
 
of 47. 
 
:; 
 
Herrington, Lovick Pierce,; M. D., a well known physician of 
 
Waynesboro, was born at what is now known as Girth, a country 
 
postoffice in Burke county, May 27, 1858. From data supplied by 
 
Lord Timothy Harrington, member of the British Parliament from 
 
Ireland, it is learned that a prominent family of this name lived 
 
in the vicinity of Londonderry, Ireland, about the middle of the 
 
seventeenth centviry. The name was originally spelled "Haerring- 
 
ton," and a division of the family occurred over the spelling, some 
 
wanting to retain the "e" and others the "a," the result being that 
 
the name is now spelled both ways, and as there are numerous- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA. OF GEORGIA 
 
239 
 
representatives of each in the United States, it is evident that some 
 
of each branch immigrated to this country at a very early date. 
 
From Connecticut they spread to Pennsylvania and Virginia, and 
 
, ,,,, ,,,. 
 
long before the Revolutionary war a 
 
father and four sons settled at Greenville, 
 
N. C. Two of these sons, Richard M. 
 
and Ephraim, later settled in Screven 
 
county, Ga., where the former built a 
 
rock dam across Brier creek, cut several 
 
canals and built a number of mills, the 
 
place still being known as "Mill Haven." 
 
This dam still :stands, a wonder to mod 
 
ern civil engineers. Ephraim Herring- 
 
ton was killed near Mill Haven in a 
 
skirmish with the Indians in the colo 
 
nial days. A Henry H. Herringtoii 
 
was a brigadier-general in the American army during the 
 
Revolution, and with two others of the name was present:at the 
 
surrender of Lord Cornwallis. Five generations of the Herringtons 
 
have lived in Burke and Screven counties. Traced from the Rich 
 
ard M. Herrington above mentioned, these generations have been 
 
represented by Richard, Martin M., Berry, the father of the subject 
 
of this sketch, and Dr. L. P. Herrington, whose name heads this 
 
review. Doctor Herrington received his primary education in the 
 
schools of his native county during the dark days of reconstruction, 
 
just after the Civil war, when everything was very much disorga 
 
nized, the schools being no exception. Determined to acquire an 
 
education, however, he entered Emory college at Oxford, Ga., and 
 
as he paid his own way he was compelled to practice all sorts of 
 
economy never letting pass an opportunity to earn an "honest 
 
penny." At Oxford he found several young men like himself in 
 
straitened financial circumstances, but bent on securing an educa 
 
tion. These young men;formed a club and rented a small house 
 
near the center of the town. As this house had the reputation 
 
of being haunted no one would live in it and they rented it very 
 
cheap, the supernatural having no terrors for them. This cottage 
 
became known as "Round Top," and it was seldom molested by 
 
the.people of the town, save now and then when some one of its in 
 
mates became indisposed, when some gentle maiden would send 
 
over a collection of flowers and "good things" for the invalid 
 
and his associates. The butcher, the grocer and the milkman 
 
passed by, having learned to save time by not stopping for "orders" 
 
 260 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
at Round Top. The housekeeping of the bachelor students was not always systematic, nor their cooking according to the most approved rules of culinary science, but here they lived until Andrew Hall was opened and the Mess House boys found more commodi ous quarters. Here a number of young men originated the "Help ing Hall," which has since become a prominent feature of numerous colleges throughout the country, and which has been the means of aiding many young men: to acquire an education. This institu tion had its start at Round Top, its originators being Col. E. P. Davis, Prof. W. T. Dumas,.Dr. O. G. Mingledorf, R. E. L. Folsom, Joseph Baker, Doctor Glover,; H. C. Carney, Thomas Easterling, Thomas Lang, Rev. McLain, Col. T. B. Harwell,. Col, B.S.Williamson and Dr. L. P. Herrihgton. Later Doctor Htvckabee, founder of McRae college, came into; the hall, and during one vacation fee. and Doctor Herrington worked as brickmasons on Seney Hall the gift of George I. Seney to Emory college. Doctor Herrington taught school in Newton and Burke counties until 1882, when he entered the medical department of ;the University of Georgia at Augusta, and graduated in the class :of 1884, receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He then returned to the old homestead, where he with others secured the establishment of the postoffice of Girth, fourteen miles south of Waynesboro, where he practiced his profes sion for some time, and then, attended Vanderbilt university, Nash ville, Tenn., where he received the finishing touches of his medical education. Again he took up the practice at Girth, but subsequent ly removed to Waynesboro, where he has since been actively en gaged in professional work,, building up a large practice and one of distinctly representative character. He became a member of the Ogeechee medical association; served as president of the Burke county Farmers Alliance; Has been delegate to conventions of that body, especially the one whe^re the jute trust was opposed; and with his father gave the site for the Union academy, afterward laboring to establish this school as a permanent institution of learning, and one of the best in the county. Doctor Herrington is the orig inator and sole proprietor of a remedy known as "Herringtons Liver Pills for Georgia People." He is the owner of the old home stead plantation, having purchased the interests of the other heirs, and devotessome of his time and attention to his plantation inter ests. In 1902 he graduated at the "Institute of Science," of New York, the course being taken by mail and express, and received a diploma in the occult sciences. He is a Master Mason, a Phi Delta Theta, an old time Democrat of Scotch-Irish descent, and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
261 
 
with his wife belongs to the Methodist Episcopal church South. In October, 1886, he was united in marriage to Miss Annie Laurie Davie, of Nashville, Tenn. , and they have one daughter, Ouida 
Mae, born Nov. 9, 1896. 
Hershman, a post-hamlet of Screven county, is. located on the Savannah river, about eighteen miles northeast of Sylvania., which is the nearest railway station. It has some mercantile interests, and is a shipping point for the productions of the surrounding 
farms. 
Hesse, Herman W., M. D., a success 
ful physician and surgeon of Savannah, 
was born in that city, Feb. 12,: 1876, 
and is a son of Herman. W. and Wil- 
helmina (Struck) Hesse, both of-whom 
were born in Germany. Their marriage 
was solemnized in 1874, in Savannah, 
where the father was engaged in the 
grocery business and where he resided 
at the time of his death, in 1901, his wid 
ow still surviving. Of the four living 
children Herman W. is the eldest; Fred 
erick W. is engaged in the drug business on Long Island, N. Y.  Dr. John W. is engaged in the practice of dentistry in Savannah; and Annie Henrietta remains with her mother. Dr. Herman W. Hesse secured his preliminary education al discipline in the public schools of Savannah, after which he en tered Newberry college, South Carolina, in which he was graduated in 1895, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In 1900 he completed a course in the medical department of the University of Pennsyl vania, from which he received his well earned degree of Doctor of Medicine. He took a post-graduate course in the Philadelphia polyclinic, in the summer of 1900, and from October of that year to February, 1901, he was engaged in further post-graduate work, in the New York post-graduate hospital. Since that time he has been engaged in the active work of his profession in Savannah, where he has built up. a representative practice, and is visiting surgeon on the staff of St. Josephs hospital of Savannah. The doctor is a member of the Medical Association of Georgia, is secretary of the Georgia medical society, of Savannah, and he is also identified with the:; Knights of Pythias. He is a Democrat in his political proclivities; On Nov. 27, 1901, he was united in mar riage to Miss Martha Catherine Wilfert, daughter of Frederick 
 
 262 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
and Martha (Schroder) Wilfert, of Brooklyn, N. Y., and they have two children, Marion, born March 1, 1902, and Herman W., Jr., 
born June 28, 1905. Heyward, Thomas Savage, one of the 
representative cotton factors of Savan nah, where he is head of the firm of T. S. Heyiyvard & Co., was born in the city of Charleston, S. C, June 25, 1858, and is a son of George C. and Elizabeth (Guerard) Heyward, the former of whom was born in Grahamville, S. C., in 1828, 
and the latter in Beaufort, that state, the same year. He is a great-grandson 
of Thomas Heyward, Jr., a signer of the Declaration of Independence, a member 
of the Council of Safety in South Caro lina at the time of the Revolution, and a captain in the Ancient battalion of artillery. He also served as judge of the circuit court in South Carolina. His wife, Elizabeth, was a daughter of Col. Thomas Savage, a colonel in the: Georgia militia and an extensive planter on the Ogeechee river. ; George C. Heyward enlisted in the Confederate service in the opening year of the Civil war, be came captain of the Ashley Dragoons, First South Carolina cav alry, and served until the close of the war, being mustered out at Bentonville, N. C., in 1865. Among the engagements in which he took part were the battles of Honey Hill, Pocataligo, Oconee Bridge and Bentonville. Thomas Savage Heyward secured his early educational training in Porters academy in Charleston, S. C., and became identified with the cotton business in Savannah in 1872, when but fourteen years of age. He has been through every de partment of the business, as an: employe of leading concerns in Savannah, and is familiar with all details of this important field of enterprise. Since 1901 he has been at the head of the firm of T. S. Heyward & Co., cotton factors -. and importers, mill agents and dealers in fertilizers, bagging, ties, etc. He is a member of Savan nah cotton exchange, the Savannah board of trade, and of Post A., Travelers protective association,: and also of the Savannah Bat talion of volunteer guards. He gives his support to the Democratic party, and he is a member and officer of the First New-Church, (Swedenborgian) of Savannah, having been president of the society at one time. On Dec. 6, 1882, Mr. Heyward was married to Miss Mary Hamilton Seabrook, daughter of Dr. Benjamin W. and Ade- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
263 
 
line C. (Strobhart) Seabrook, of Grahamville, Ga., and they have two children, Adeline Clifford, and Mary Hamilton. 
Hiawassee, the county seat of Towns county, beautifully located on the Hiawassee river in the mountains of North Georgia and close to the North Carolina line, was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1870. According to the census of 1900 it had a popu lation of 230. Murphy, N. C., about twenty miles distant, is the nearest railroad town. The climate is cold in the winter and de lightful in the summer. Hiawassee has a money order post office with rural free delivery, several stores, a court house that cost $8,000, schools and churches. There is here a high school for boys and girls under the patronage of the Baptist church, which has a fine reputation through all that section. In the neighborhood of the town are many valuable hardwoods and minerals of various kinds. 
Hichitee, a post-hamlet of Chattahoochee county, is a station on the Albany & Columbus branch of the Seaboard Air Line rail road, about five miles southeast of Cusseta. 
Hickory Grove, a post village of Crawford county, is about ten miles west of Knoxville and seven from Musella, which is the nearest railroad station. In 1900 it reported a population of 60. 
Hickory Hill. In June, 1779, Colonel Twiggs, with a small body of troops, took a position at the plantation of James Butler, called Hickory Hill, located on the south side of the Ogeechee river in Liberty county. (That was before Bryan county was created). On the morning of the 28th he received information through his scouts that forty mounted grenadiers, with three of the Tory militia to act as guides, were marching to attack him. Colonel Twiggs ordered Major Cooper, of Marburys dragoons, and Captain Inman, with about thirty men, to march out a short distance and hold the enemy in check. Cooper and Inman formed across a rice dam, on which the British were advancing, and threw some brush wood in front to serve as an abatis. From behind this scanty protection a well directed fire was poured into the enemys ranks as they rode up, several British falling from their horses at the first volley. .Captain Mailer, commanding the British, ordered his men to dismount and form, but under the galling fire the order could not be successfully executed. Muller was shot through the thigh early in the action, but he supported himself on his sword, vainly endeavoring to rally his men, until a second shot hit him, passing through his arm and into his body. Colonel Twiggs, see ing that the enemy were in confusion, sent a detachment to the 
 
 264 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
rear and none escaped except the three Tory guides, who ran at the first fire. The little party of grenadiers lost seven killed, ten wounded and the rest were captured. The American loss was two men wounded. 
Hickox, a post-village in the southern part of Wayne county, is also a station on the Atlantic Coast Line railroad. Its stores have a good local trade, and it does some shipping. 
Higdons Store, a little village of Fannin county, is some seven or eight miles northwest of Blueridge, which is the nearest railroad station. It has a money order postoffice and is the trading center for the neighborhood in which it is located. 
Higgins, a post-hamlet of Monroe county, is about six miles north of Collier, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
Higgston, a village of Montgomery county, with a population of 223 in 1900, is on the Seaboard Air Line railway, a short distance west of Vidalia. It has a money order postoffice, express and tel egraph service, a school, churches, mercantile establishments and does some shipping. 
High, a post-hamlet in the southwest corner of Walker county, is in a mountainous district. Sulphur Springs, on the Alabama Great Southern railroad is the nearest station. 
High Falls, a post-hamlet of Monroe county, is on the Towaligo river, about ten miles north of Collier, which is the nearest railroad station. 
High Point, a post-village of Walker county, is on the Chatta nooga Southern railway, fifteen miles northwest of the county seat. The population in 1900 was 55. 
High Shoals, a town of Oconee county, is on the Apalachee river, opposite the line between Walton and Morgan counties. It was incorporated by act of the legislature on Nov. 20, 1901, with a pop ulation of 250 the previous year. It has a money order postoffice and is a commercial center for a considerable district. Bishop, seven miles east, is the nearest railroad station. 
High Tower, a post-village in the northwestern part of Forsyth county is located about eleven miles east of Gober, which is the nearest railroad station. It has religious and educational ad vantages and stores with good local trade. The population in 1900 was 120. 
Highways. There seems to ;be a difference of opinion as to the first public road in Georgia. Some writers say that it was the road from Savannah to Whitefields orphan house, nine miles distant. Augusta was settled in 1735 and one of the first acts was to open a 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
265 
 
road to Savannah. The orphan, house was not commenced until 1840, so that it is probable that the first road was that leading from Savannah to Augusta. Other highways followed as new settle ments were founded, though these early roads were little more than bridle paths through the woods. As the settlements were extended back from the sea-coast roads of a more pretentious nature were established. In the early part of the nineteenth cen tury some of the highways were opened by stage companies. (See Stage Routes). The roads of Georgia at the present time are, generally speaking, as good as those of any other state, many of 
them being graveled or macadamized. Hildebrandt, Nicholas, Jr., is a successful retail grocer of Au 
gusta, having succeeded to the business of his uncle, Nicholas Hildebrandt, Sr. He was born near Bremerhaven in the Province of Hanover, Germany, June 28, 1876, and is a son of Louis and Car olina (Ehlbeck) Hildebrandt. The father came from Germany to the United States when a young man, passing eight years in New York city and then returning to his fatherland, where he married Miss Carolina Ehlbeck, after which he turned his attention to farming, a vocation with which he continued to be identified, in Germany, until his death, which occurred in 1897. His widow still resides in the homestead, near Bremerhaven. The subject of this sketch has two brothers and one sister in America, Wilhelmina is the wife of Nicholas Von Soosten, of Brazilton, Crawford county, Kan.; Rev. John C. is a clergyman of the Lutheran church and is stationed* at Redbud, Randolph county, 111., and Fritz H. resides in Independence, Kan. Nicholas Hildebrandt, Jr., was reared to the age of sixteen years in his native land, where he secured good educational advantages. He then, in 1892, came to America, in company with his uncle, Nicholas Hildebrandt, Sr., who had taken up his residence in Augusta, Ga., in 1881, and who had been back to his native land for a visit. On his return to Augusta he brought his nephew and namesake, as indicated. In this city young Hildebrandt entered the employ of the wholesale and retail grocery firm of Richers & Gehrken, with whom he re mained nine years, serving as house salesman and later repre senting the concern as a traveling salesman. In 1901 he entered the employ of his uncle, Nicholas, Sr., who conducted a fancy grocery and fish market at 224-6 Sixth street. On Jan. 1, 1903, he purchased the business of his uncle and has since continued the same with gratifying success, having an attractive and finely stocked establishment and making a specialty of the handling of 
 
 266 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
fancy groceries, fish, oysters,, game, etc. Mr. Hildebrandt has 
 
identified himself with the Democratic party and with the Augusta 
 
German-American shooting club, and is a member of St. Mat 
 
thews Lutheran church. 
 
Hill, Audley, is one of the representative wholesale merchants 
 
of Augusta, being senior member of the firm of Hill & Merry, 
 
dealers in produce and provisions. He was born in the city of 
 
Savannah, Ga., Oct. 15, 1864, and is a son of Joseph A. and Mary 
 
Eleanor (Maxwell) Hill, the former of whom was born in Wil- 
 
mington, N. C., and the latter in the State of Georgia. They now 
 
reside in Grovetown, Columbia county, Ga., the father being a 
 
retired planter and cotton merchant. He was a member of an artil 
 
lery corps in the Confederate service during the entire period of 
 
the war between the states. When the subject of this review was a 
 
child his parents removed from Savannah to Grovetown, where he 
 
secured his early educational training, later being a student in 
 
private schools in Augusta, At the age of seventeen years he 
 
initiated his busines career,;becoming a clerk in a business estab 
 
lishment in Augusta. In 1889 he engaged in the wholesale commis 
 
sion business, handling produce and provisions, and in 1893 he ad 
 
mitted to partnership A . Hi Merry, with whom he has since been 
 
associated, under the firm name noted in the opening lines of this 
 
article. The firm controls a large wholesale trade in produce and 
 
provisions and has high standing in the business circles of the city. 
 
Mr. Hill is a member of a local lodge of the Free and Accepted 
 
Masons, is found stanchly arrayed as a supporter of the cause of the 
 
Democratic party, and both-he and his wife are communicants of 
 
the Protestant Episcopal church. On April 29, 1890, he, was united 
 
in marriage to Miss Hortense Panknin, daughter of Dr. Charles 
 
F. Panknin, of Charleston, S. C., and they have six children, viz: 
 
Audley, Jr., Maxwell, Mary. Eleanor, Hortense, Frederick P. and 
 
Elizabeth N. 
 
;. 
 
Hill, Benjamin Harvey, lawyer and statesman, was born in 
 
Jasper county, Sept. 14, 1823. He graduated with high honors at 
 
the University of Georgia, Studied law and began practice at La- 
 
Grange. In 1851 he was elected member of the legislature; served 
 
as elector-at-large on the Know-Nothing ticket in 1856; was on the 
 
electorial ticket for Bell and.Everett in 1860; was.a member of the 
 
secession convention in 1861,: and though not in favor of immediate 
 
secession voted for the ordinance; afterward became a member 
 
of the Provisional Congress;, and later of the Confederate senate. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
267 
 
After the war he was imprisoned for a time in Fort LaFayette but 
 
was released on parole. For a number of years he held no public 
 
office though he was active in politics, and during this time wrote 
 
his "Notes on the Situation," which were published in the Augusta 
 
Chronicle. He was elected to Congress in 1875 to fill a vacancy 
 
and before the expiration of his term was elected to a seat in the 
 
United ^States senate, where he .served with distinction until his 
 
death in August, 1882. A marble statue representing Mr. Hill in 
 
the attitude of addressing an audience stands in the capitol at 
 
Atlanta. 
 
Hill, Charles Dougherty, has to his 
 
. : -;.;:::::-;s:!i!;jN;^:;;;v... 
 
. credit the distinction of having made a 
 
record as one of the ablest public pros 
 
ecutors in his day and generation in 
 
Georgia, having rendered most note 
 
worthy service as solicitor-general of 
 
: the Atlanta circuit. A lawyer of most 
 
: solid attainments and greatest facility 
 
in the marshalling of facts and evidence, 
 
he has also the incisive keenness and 
 
versatility which are such valuable ad- 
 
: junts to technical knowledge. Of him 
 
it has well been written: "Felicitous of 
 
speech, quick at repartee, ready at all times with bright and spark 
 
ling quotations from his favorite authors, and rich in all the varied 
 
resources and accomplishments of the orator, he stands without a 
 
peer among the able and distinguished prosecuting officers of Geor 
 
gia, Mr. Hill possessesS: a peculiar mind. It is not only quick in 
 
its perceptions but also remarkably firm in its retentiveness. He 
 
never makes a note in the trial of any case, however important it 
 
may be, and never mistakes the evidence in the argument of his 
 
cause to the jury. His preparations are purely mental and in none 
 
of his great speeches hasihe employed the use of a pencil. Perhaps 
 
no lawyer at the bar has a more prodigious memory." This worthy 
 
member of the bar of Georgias capital city is also a representative 
 
of one of the best known and most honored families of this com 
 
monwealth. He was born near LaGrange, Troup county, Georgia, 
 
Nov. 3, 1852, and is a son of the lamented and distinguished Sen 
 
ator Benjamin H. Hill, of whose career specific mention is made 
 
in this work. Mr. Hill passed his boyhood days in his native coun 
 
ty and there received his early educational training. In 1867 his 
 
parents removed to Athens, Ga., and after further preparatory 
 
 268 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
study young Hill entered the law department of the state univer sity, in that city, being graduated as a member of the class of 1871. He was admitted to the bar in Twiggs county and after practicing two years, with somewhat discouraging results, he de cided to abandon the work of his profession and to engage in agri cultural pursuits. He accordingly purchased a farm, and to the same he gave his personal supervision until the death of his father, in 1882. This called him to Atlanta, and after his honored father had been called from the scene^of lifes activities he "decided to re sume the profession which had now become to him a solemn legacy." He assisted his brother in the prosecution of a number of criminal cases, and in this :connection made a "brilliant repu tation by his eloquence and adroit legal manipulations." In 1885 he was elected solicitor-general of the Atlanta circuit and was sev eral times reflected. The review from which previous quotations have been made continues as follows: "Since entering upon the discharge of his duties as the states prosecuting attorney Mr. Hill has been a terror to evildoers and while he claims that he has never convicted an innocent man it is equally true that a guilty one has rarely escaped. Mr. Hill has been identified with a num ber of celebrated murder trials, and his speeches delivered on these occasions have been masterpieces of forensic eloquence. The courtroom is always crowded to overflowing as soon as the report spreads that Solicitor Hill is about to make his closing speech to the jury. No man is more truly the idol of his friends or more conspicuously the life and center of every group in which he hap pens to be found. His humor is always captivating and his wit lively, good-natured and sparkling. He has very little artificial reserve and speaks with frankness and candor, never hesitating to give his opinion freely on any subject. Generous, open-hearted, indulgent and kind, he is one of the best of husbands as well as one of the cleverest and truest; of men." 
Hill, George M., secretary and treasurer of the L. H. Hilton Company, general merchants, in Sylvania, Screven county, is recog nized as one of the reliable and enterprising business men of that part of the state. He was born on a farm in Screven county, Ga., Dec. 22, 1872, and is a son of Edwin H. and Nancy (Mills) Hill, the former of whom was born in Burke and the latter in Screven county, in which latter they still maintain their residence, the father a planter by vocation and one of the sterling citizens of the county. George M. Hill secured his earlier educational training in the schools of Sylvania and supplemented this by a course of study 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
269 
 
in a business college in the city of Atlanta. He initiated his busi ness career by assuming a clerkship in the general-merchandise . store of his brother-in-law, L. H. Hilton, of Sylvania, later becom 
ing bookkeeper in the shoe house of Byck Brothers, in the city of Savannah. Upon the incorporation of the L. H. Hilton Company, of Sylvania, in 1897, he became a stockholder in the concern and was made its secretary and treasurer, of which dual office he has since remained the in cumbent. The company is one of the 
leading mercantile concerns of Screven county, controlling a large trade through out the country naturally tributary to 
Sylvania, while the interested principals are known as reliable and progressive business men. Mr. Hill gives his allegiance to the Democratic party, and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South, in which he is a steward. On June 10, 1902, Mr. Hill was united in marriage to Miss Caroline White, daughter of Edward D. and Eliza (Southwell) White, of Screven 
county. 
Hill, Joseph Thomas, has been estab lished in the successful practice of law in 
the city of Cordele, Crisp county, for the past decade, and is one of the representa 
tive members of the bar of this part of the state. He was born in Wilcox coun 
ty, Ga., Sept. 30, 1873, and is a son of 
Joel T. and Mary Edna (Moore) Hill, the former of whom was born in Pulaski 
county, Ga., and the latter on. the old Moore homestead on Blackshear trail in Wilcox county. Her grandfather in the 
paternal line was a loyal soldier of the Continental line in the war of the Revolution. Rev. Joel T. Hill is a clergyman of the Primitive Baptist church, in which he has long been an earnest and devoted worker. He is an ardent advo cate of the principles of the Democratic party but has never been an aspirant for political office. He served the Confederacy as a sol dier in the Civil war, having enlisted, in 1863, as a private in a com pany of Georgia militia, and took part in the battle of Atlanta and 
 
 270 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
in other engagements in the locality. Joseph T. Hill secured his preliminary educational discipline in the common schools, and as his fathers financial circumstances were such that he was un able to extend the aid which was necessary, young Hill, with full consent of his parents, left home when fifteen years of age and sought employment which would render sufficient returns to per mit him to continue his educational work. He was employed at farm work a considerable portion of the time for several years, in the meanwhile attending;. school, and he also did successful service as a teacher in the public schools of Pulaski county. He passed five years as a student in Red Hill academy in Wilcox county and his technical courses in preparation for his profession were secured in the law departments of the University of Georgia and the University of Virginia. He was duly admitted to the bar in the autumn of 1894, having thus gained his desideratum and the satisfaction of knowing that his success thus far had been attained through personal effort ,and ability, even as has been the case in connection with his active career as a lawyer. He entered into the practice of his profession in Cordele in January, 1895, and in the intervening years has: succeeded in building up a very substantial professional business and in gaining a reputation for scrupulous care and discrimination both as a trial lawyer and as a counselor. Mr. Hill accords an unswerving allegiance to the Dem ocratic party and has been an active and valued worker in its cause. He was a delegate from the Third congressional district of Georgia to the Democratic national convention of 1896, in Chicago and also to the Kansas City convention in 1900. In 1901-2 he served as solicitor of the city court of" Vienna, the county-seat of Dooly county, and wais elected to represent this county in the state legis lature for 1905-6. He introduced and urged to successful passage the bill creating the new county of Crisp and is a member of various important committees of the house, in which he has proven .a val uable working member, both ;:on the floor and in the committee room. He was also elected as; the first representative in the state legislature from Crisp county: for the years 1907-8. He is not a member of any religious body but has the firmest belief in and utmost reverence for the verities of the Christian religion, his views being largely in harmony with the faith of the Primitive Baptist Church, in which he "was reared. Mr. Hill has passed the Knights Templar degrees in the Masonic fraternity and is also found ar rayed as a member of the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is a past exalted ruler of the Cordele Lodge 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA -OF GEORGIA 
 
271 
 
of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and is an officer 
 
in the state association of Elks lodges. On Jan. 6, 1895, Mr. Hill 
 
was united in marriage to Miss Carrie Dennard, daughter of Hon. 
 
Joseph J. and Carrie (Mitchell) Dennard, of Wilcox county, and 
 
they have three children, Joe Thomas, Lloyd, and Clark Howell. 
 
Hill, Joshua, was born in Abbeville district, S. C, in 1812. He 
 
was. educated in the public schools, studied law and after being 
 
admitted to the bar located at Madison, Ga., where he began his 
 
professional career. In 1856 he was elected to Congress on the 
 
American ticket and served until 1861, when he retired with the 
 
other Georgia Congressmen. ,In 1866 he was appointed collector 
 
of customs for the port of Savannah; registrar in bankruptcy in 
 
1867; was elected United States senator in 1871 and served until 
 
March, 1873. He was a delegate to the constitutional convention 
 
in 1877 and died at Madison in 1891. 
 
Hill, Lodowick Merriwether, was one 
 
^sliillllltlliS: 
 
f the honored and . influential citizens 
 
;:;illlllflllllllll|||: of Wilkes county, where he owned ex 
 
tensive plantations and had other im 
 
portant capitalistic interests. He passed 
 
the closing years of his life in Washing 
 
ton, Wilkes county, in which city he was 
 
engaged in the banking business. He 
 
was a man of sterling character and left 
 
an indelible impress upon the history of 
 
his times,.while he was a scion of one of 
 
the old and prominent families of Geor 
 
gia. He acquired both wealth and in 
 
fluence and made good use of both. Mr. Hill was born in Wilkes 
 
county, Ga., Nov. 27, 1804, and was a son of Wylie and Martha 
 
(Pope) Hill. He was reared to manhood on the home plantation 
 
and received such educational advantages as were available at the 
 
place and period. He finally removed to Wilkes county, where he 
 
acquired large landed interests and passed the residue of his life. 
 
He was a stanch supporter of the principles and policies for which 
 
the Democratic party has ever stood exponent in a basic way, 
 
and he served as a member of the state legislature, besides holding 
 
other offices of public trust. He gave to his children excellent 
 
educational advantages, and they have well upheld the prestige of 
 
the honored family name, his descendants being numerous in 
 
Wilkes county and the family being one of the oldest, best known 
 
and most influential in this section of the commonwealth. On 
 
 272 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Dec. 16, 1824, Mr. Hill was united in marriage to Miss Nancy Johnson, daughter of William and Nancy Johnson, and after her death he married Miss Martha S. Wellborn, daughter of Abner and Martha Wellborn, of Wilkes county. This marriage was solem nized July 8, 1847, and his second wife survived him by only a short time. Eleven children were born;of the first union and three of the last, the names, with respective dates of birth, being as follows: William Wylie, March 31, 1826; John Merriwether, Nov. 15, 1827; Walton Pope, April 4, 1830; Abraham Chandler, Oct. 25, 1831; BiT;nvell Pope, Aug. 29, 1833; Ida May, June 7, 1835; Duncan Chatfield, May 8, 1837; Thomas Webster, June 17, 1839; Henry Jordan, March 24, 1842; James DuBose, Nov. 16, 1843; Lodowick Johnson, Jan. 16, 1846; Abner Wellborn, Feb. 22, 1849; Miles Wilkes, March 26, 1851; and Edward Young, Sept. 8, 1852. The subject of this memoir was summoned to the life eternal in the year 1883, in the fulness of years and honors. 
Hill, Walter Barnard, lawyer, educator and publicist, was born at Talbotton, Ga., Sept. 9, 1851. In 1870 he graduated at the Uni versity of Georgia and the following year graduated in the law department of the same institution. This year he received the degree of Master of Arts from, his alma mater, in 1900 the South western Presbyterian university and Emory college both conferred on him the degree of Doctor of Laws, and in 1905 he was honored with a degree from South Carolina college. In 1871 he began the practice of law in Macon, where he enjoyed for some years an extensive practice in the state and Federal courts, and was admitted to practice in the supreme court of the United States. As a lawyer he was a zealous student of forms in legal administra tion and his strength as an advocate was acknowledged in all the.courts where he appeared. -In 1873 and again in 1882 he com piled the code of Georgia; was :.a member of the Georgia bar asso ciation and president of that body in 1887; was a member of the American bar association for many years and served on some of its important committees; and;; was one of the organizers of the law school in Mercer university, in which he spent some time as a professor. At one time he was a trustee of Vanderbilt university; was a delegate to the general conference of the Methodist Episco pal church in 1886 and 1894; was for three years a member of the Southern educational board; was honored with the presidency of the Southern educational association; and in 1899 was elected chancellor of the University of ^Georgia, where he served until his death in 1905. Previous to his election to this office he was widely 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
373 
 
known by the people of Georgia through his connection with the temperance movement, as for many years he was one of the active workers in the cause of prohibition and gave of his time and means to promote it. He served for some time as a member of the West ern & Atlantic railroad commission, where he discharged his duties with characteristic zeal and fidelity. He was always in favor of the suppression of evil and the alleviation of human suffering and left a number of pamphlets expressing strong and clean cut views on these subjects. 
Hill, William Pinckney, junior mem ber of the representative law firm of Mayson & Hill, Atlanta, was born on the homestead plantation, at Long Cane, Troup county, Ga., May 14, 1862. He is a son of John S. and Sarah B. (Cameron) Hill, the former of whom was born .in Jasper county, Ga.,. April 29, 1821, and the latter in Troup county, Oct. 9, 1831. Dr. John Stith Hill, was a phy sician and surgeon of marked ability, having been graduated in medical schools in both New Orleans and New York. He practiced his profession in Troup county until he had attained the age of forty-five years, when he turned his attention to the management of his fine plantation, being thus engaged until the time of his death, which occurred in 1875. He was a member of the state senate before the war, and after its close served as a mem ber of the lower house of the legislature. His wife, Sarah Battle (Cameron) Hill, was a daughter of Thomas Cameron, a native of North Carolina and of Scotch descent. This marriage was blessed with four children: Edward C., was a practicing attorney at West Point, Ga., and died in February, 1878; Julia is the widow of Dr. Charles M. Hill, of La Grange, Ga., Minnie is the wife of Todd Reed, of Troup county; and William P. is the immediate subject of this sketch. Mrs. Hill survived her husband by several years, her death occurring in 1890. Dr. John S. Hill was a son of John and Sarah (Parham) Hill, both born and reared in North Carolina, whence they removed to Jasper bounty, Ga., soon after their marriage, the father of the former Having been a native of Wales. William P. Hill remained on the home farm until he had attained the age of fourteen years, in the meanwhile having attended the local schools. In 1877 he was matriculated in Emory college at Oxford, 
18--11 
 
 274 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
but remained a very short interval, as his elder brother died two months later, making it necessary for William P. to assume the management of the home plantation for his widowed mother, as he was the oldest male member of the family at the time. Not until 1879 was he able to resume his studies in Emory college, where he completed a four years course, and graduated as a mem ber of the class of 1883, with '-the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Soon afterward he accepted the chair of Latin and English literature in Milan college, Tenn., this preferment having come in recognition of his collegiate distinction in these branches. At the expiration of one year he resigned to accept the position of principal of the Fredonia academy, Fredonia,: Ala., and here he remained for one and one-half years. After his graduation he began the systematic study of law, and upon leaving Fredonia he took up his residence in the city of Atlanta, where he was admitted to the bar in June, 1885. Thereafter he conducted an individual practice until Jan. 1, 1887, when he formed a /professional partnership with James Mayson, this alliance having since been uninterrapted, while the firm has risen to high prestige at the bar of the city, county and state, giving special attention ,to commercial law and litigated estates, and having a representative clientele. In his political al legiance Mr. Hill is a stanch Democrat, and in 1890 he was elected president of the Young Mens Democratic league, of Atlanta, serv ing one year. In 1892, without his knowledge or consent, he was elected to represent his ward in the city council, and served two years. He was elected assistant city attorney of Atlanta, with his partner as City Attorney, in 1900; which position they still retain. He is an appreciative member of the Masonic frater nity, in which he has passed the commandery or chivalric degrees, and is also identified with the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. In September, 1891, he was united in mar riage to Miss Grace D. Cocke,;;daughter of Judge William R. Cocke,. of Albemarle county, Va. Mrs. Hill died in June, 1894. 
Hill, Wylie Pope, was one; of the extensive planters of Georgia and was an honored and distinguished citizen. He was the owner of a large landed estate in Georgia and also large tracts of land in Arkansas, though he ever looked upon Georgia as his home, here continuing to reside until his death, which occurred, in Wilkes county, in 1864. Col. Wylie Pope Hill was born in Wilkes county, this state, Aug. 10, 1820, and was a son of Wylie and Martha (Pope) Hill, the former of whom was born in Wake county, N. C., Dec. 26, 1775, and the latter in Oglethorpe county, Ga., April 18, 1782. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
275 
 
Both Colonel Hill and his wife came of .stanch old Revolutionary stock of Virginia, the two Carolinas and Georgia, and their daugh ters are eligible for and joined the Daughters of the Revolution 
under six lines of ancestry. Colonel Hill 
was reared on the homestead plantation 
and his early educational training was 
secured in his native county, being sup 
plemented by a course in a well ordered 
institution at Greenville, S. C. He was 
intrinsically and insistently loyal to the 
cause of the Confederacy when the Civil 
war was precipitated, and in June, 1863, 
he assumed command as colonel of the 
First Georgia militia, Toombs brigade, 
serving until May, 1864, when ill health 
and general disability disqualified him for 
further field service. .He did not abate his efforts, however, in support of the cause, becoming a recruiting and supply agent for the Confederate government and thus continuing until Sept. 10, 1864, when he died. He continued his residence in Wilkes county until his death and was known as one of the largest and most successful planters in the state, also having an extensive and well managed plantation in Arkansas. He was a man of fine intel lectual gifts and of inviolable integrity of character, ever command ing the respect and regard of his fellow men. In politics he was a stalwart Democrat of the old school and both he and his wife were consistent members of the Methodist Episcopal church South. Mrs. Hill is still living. On Feb. 27, 1845, was solemnized the marriage of Colonel Hill to Miss Jane James Austin, daughter of Dr. Thomas Collins and Mary Turner (James) Austin, of Green ville, S. C. The names of the children of "this union are here des ignated, with respective places of residence: Thomas Austin Hill, Arkansas; Mrs. Sallie Hill Irvin, Washington, Ga.; William Edwin and Burwell Meriwether Hill, of Wilkes county; Dr. John James Hill, of Washington, Ga.; Mrs. Mary Hill Barnett and Miss Mattie Pope Hill,. Wilkes county; Mrs. Lina Hill McCandless, Atlanta; and Wylie Pope Hill, Wilkes county. 
Hillis, a village of Burke county, is located near the Screven county line and in 1900 reported a population of 104. It has a money order postoffice, schools, churches and mercantile houses. Waynesboro is the most "convenient railroad station. 
 
 276 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Hillman, a town of Taliaferro county was incorporated by act of the legislature on Oct. 22, 1887. It is located on the Barnett & Washington branch of the Georgia railroad, has a money order postoffice, an express office, stores with good local trade, and does some shipping. 
Hillsboro, a town in the southern part of Jasper county, is on the branch of the Central of Georgia railroad which connects Macon with Athens. By the census of 1900 it had 179 inhabitants. It :has a money order postoffice and several stores. During Sionemans raid (q. v.) there was sharp skirmishing here on the last two days of July, 1864. At that time the town was not on the railroad, which has been built since the war. 
Hillyer, Eben, Mv D., a retired phy sician and honored citizen of Koine; is a representative of one of the old and in fluential families of Georgia, which state has;; ever been his home. He was born in Athens, Clarke county, Ga., Aug. 12, 1833, a son. of, Junius and Jane Selina (Watkins) Hillyer, the former bom in Wilkes county, Ga., April 23, 1807, and the : latter in Greene county, May 17, 1807. All four great-grandfathers: of Doctor Hillyer were patriot soldiers in the : war of the Revolution, namely: Dr. Asa Hillyer, Thomas Watkins- Joel Early and Capt. John Freeman. George Walton, a great-uncle:of the doctor, was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and Peter Early, governor of Georgia during the war of 1812, was also a great-uncle,, as was Rob ert Watkins. one of the prime;;factors in formulating the state gov ernment of Georgia and in the writing of its first constitution. Junius Hillyer was a man of distinction in his day and generation and honored the state of Georgia by his life and service. He served on the bench of the superior court, was a member of Congress two terms and was solicitor of the United States treasury in Buchanans Administration. He was::a man of spotless integrity and gra cious personality, retaining the respect and confidence of all with whom he came in contact. Dr. Eben Hillyer secured his prelim inary or literary education ini Athens and Penfield, Ga., and was graduated in the famous old Jefferson medical college, of Philadel phia, as a member of the clasfe of 1854. When the Civil war was precipitated on a divided nation, Doctor Hillyer promptly entered 
 
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the service of the Confederacy, becoming surgeon with the rank of Major. He was assigned to duty as surgeon of the Eighth and Thirty-second Mississippi regiments, Lowerys brigade, Cleburnes division, and was present at the battles of Resaca, Cass Station, New Hope Church, Dallas, the siege of Atlanta, the battles of July 21 and 22, 1864, at that point, and also the engagements at Jonesboro and Dalton, Ga.; Decatur and Selnia, Ala., and Spring Hill and Franklin, Tenn. He was made president of the army medical board in the Tennessee campaign of the Western Army, and retired from the service only when the cause of the Confed eracy was finally lost. He remained in service until after the last of the wounded from the battle of Selma, Ala., had received proper attention, and was thus on active duty until June, 1865. After the close of the war, Doctor Hillyer resumed the active practice of his profession in the city of Atlanta, where for a number of years he served as professor of institutes of medicine in the old Atlanta medical college. -In 1867 he returned to Rome, where he engaged in the practice of his profession and also identified himself with agricultural interests, giving his attention to the same until 1875, when he was made president of the Rome railroad, which po sition he retained for thirteen years, in connection with which he was identified with the executive control of other railroad systems to which the Rome line was attached. For a number of years past he has lived retired from active professional and business associa tions. He is a stanch supporter of the cause of the Democratic party, but has never permitted his name to be used in connection with a candidacy for political office of any description. He became a member of the Baptist church in June, 1855, and has ever since been zealous in its work and support. On July 29, 1857. Doctor Hillyer was united in marriage to Miss Georgia E. Cooley, a great beauty and belle in her section, a most lovely and religious charac ter, daughter of Hollis Cooley, of Rome, .concerning whom indi vidual mention is made in this publication. Doctor and Mrs. Hillyer have two daughters: Ethel is the widow7 of Col. Thomas W. H. Harris, son of James Watkins Harris. Mabel first married Warren Palmer Willcox, of Savannah, after whose death she mar ried Col. William A. Hemphill. Dr. Hillyers grand-children are: Catherine Maud, and Ethel Hillyer .Harris, daughters of T. W. H. and Ethel Harris; and Ellenor Churchill Willcox, daughter of W. P. and Mabel Hillyer Willcox. Doctor Hillyer in his present home, The Hill City, is respected by all for his justice and probity. He is considered one of the greatest students in Rome, and is a 
 
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noted geologist. Charles Dana, Weir Mitchell, Prof. Agassiz and men of such character being his constant friends and authority. Men often come to consult with him on points of scientific discus sion. His evenings for years have been spent in his library among his books. His fad though is his Sunday school class and many are the happy hours spent in study of the Bible, and though a man of scholarly attainments, his faith is as pure, strong and simple as that of a little child. He is a member of the Georgia Historical society, and of the Veterans of the Confederate war. When the reunion met in his town he threw wide the portals of his home and prepared for fifteen old soldiers. His home has always been open to the poor, the sick, the afflicted and all conventions, no matter whether Womans club or preachers, regardless of denomi nation, find sup at his bounteous board. Perhaps after all has been summed up, the lovliest things to be said of him is that he never turned a tramp away hungry, and never refused to forgive an in jury. As an example of his integrity, he has been made executor of four large estates. In conclusion, it must be said that Doctor Hillyer is a picturesque and magnetic character. Born of cavalier stock, and ante-bellum luxury, he went through a turgid period of blood and hardship, and came out a man, undaunted and true as did thousands of his day. His motto has always been to do his Duty That word he impresses on children and grand-children. Though "He slay me yet will I trust in Him," and "I know that my Re deemer liveth," have been his watchwords in sorrow. The public gets a man down right and in the beautiful little town of Rome, Doctor Hillyers word is as good as his bond. In all the relations and duties of life, Doctor Hillyer has been distinguished for un equivocal fidelity and integrity, and absolute devotion to truth and honor have been dominating forces in his makeup, so that he has ever commanded the trust and unqualified regard of his fellow men. 
Hillyer, George, was born at Athens, Clarke county, Ga., March 17, 1835. He graduated at Mercer university in 1854 and in 1857 received the degree of Master of Arts. He was admitted to the bar in February, 1855. In 1857;he was elected to the Georgia legisla ture, served two years, and then became clerk of the Georgia house of representatives (1859-60). In 1860 he was a delegate to the Democratic national convention at Charleston. He was also a delegate to the Democratic national conventions in 1884 and 1892. In the Civil war he became: captain of a company of Confederate troops, which formed part of the Ninth Georgia infantry and served with the Army of Northern Virginia in its various campaigns and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
279 
 
battles. He commanded his regiment at.the battle of Fredericksburg, also at the battle of Gettysburg, all officers above him having 
fallen. In November, 1863, he resigned from the army to become auditor of the Western & Atlantic (State) railway, and at the same time was major in command of a battalion of state troops in active service, which position he held until the close of the war. He was a member of the commission to wind up the affairs of the State railroad, which during the Recon struction period had fallen into confusion. In 1870 he was elected to the Georgia state senate, served four years, and in troduced a new charter for Atlanta. In 1873-76 he was Centennial commissioner for Georgia, and in 1877-83 judge of the circuit court for the Atlanta district, serv ing with much satisfaction to the bar and public. He was mayor of Atlanta, 1885-86, and after that, until recently, a member of the city board of water commissioners, most of the time its president, and has always been an active and liberal supporter of public enterprises in Atlanta. Judge Hillyer has made a close study of water systems for cities, and is the author of articles on the subject in many technical journals which have been widely copied and often quoted. In his profession, in his busi ness, and in office, his career has been one of marked success. He retired from active practice in 1897, but occasionally acts as counsel in important cases. He has written much for .the press on legal and economic questions. For man} years he has been a member of the Southern Baptists home mission board and a trus tee of various asylums and institutions of learning among them being the following: Mercer university, Atlanta medical college, Atlanta college of Physicians and Surgeons, Spellman seminary, and Atlanta university, the two last named for negroes. He has often been a delegate to: the conventions of the Southern Baptists, and to the Baptist convention of Georgia. He was married, June 25, 1867, to Ellen Emily; Cooley of Rome, Ga., and has four daugh ters and one son: Mrs.^Elizabeth Coker, Mrs. Minnie Cassin, Mrs. Marian Wolff, George Hillyer, Jr., and Mrs. Ellen Hillyer Newell. Judge Hillyer is the second son of Judge Junius Hillyer and Jane Selina (Watkins) Hillyer. Judge Junius Hillyer was a member of the Thirty-first and Thirty-second Congresses and was solicitor 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
of the treasury during the administration of President James Buchanan. His mother was the grand-daughter of Thomas Wat- 
 
kins and Sally Walton, sister of George Walton, the signer of the Declaration of Independence. On his paternal side he is descended from, in the eighth generation, John and Ann Hillyer, who came to Windsor, Conn., in 1640. His great-grand father, Dr. Asa Hillyer, was a surgeon in the Revolutionary war. The father of Dr. Asa Hillyer was Capt. James Hillyer, who married Mary Humphrey, a lineal descendant of Michael Humphrey and Priscilla Grant, daughter of Matthew Grant of 
 
Windsor. Another ancestor was Rev. Henry Smith, the Puri 
 
tan clergyman of Wethersfield, Conn. He is also descended from Lieut. Samuel Smith of Hadley, deputy of general court of Colony of Massachusetts Bay and commissioner to negotiate 
 
with the Mohawks. 
 
. ,,,,:,,,.. 
 
Hillyer, Henry, is on of the well known and honored citizens of Atlanta, 
 
where he was for many years engaged 
 
in the practice of law, as one of the lead 
 
ing representatives of his profession in 
 
the capital city, and he is now virtually 
 
retired from practice, giving his atten 
 
tion to his various capitalistic interests. 
 
He was born at Athens, this state, June 
 
1, 184:0, and was there reared and edu 
 
cated, having been a sophomore in the 
 
University of Georgia when his loyalty 
 
to the Confederacy caused him to lay 
 
aside his studies and tender his services in its defense. In Septem ber, 1863, he enlisted as a private in Company H, Ninth infantry, Georgia State Guard, with which he served several months, when he was assigned to duty in the quartermasters department, in which he served until the close of the war at Selma, Ala., and Grif 
 
fin, Ga. He then returned- to his home in Athens, there read law in the office of his honored father, and was admitted to the bar in August, 1866, at Watkinsville, In the following December he took up his residence in Atlanta, where he entered the law office of his elder brother, George H., with whom he formed a partnership in 
 
1868, under the firm name of Hillyer & Bro. This alliance con tinued until 1892, save for the interim from 1877 to 1883, during which his brother served on the circuit bench, and the firm built up a large and representative practice. In 1892 Mr. Hillyer dis- 
 
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281 
 
continued the work of his profession to devote his attention to other interests. He is a conservative Democrat, has taken an ac tive part in the councils of his party, and served two terms as a representative of Fulton county in the state legislature, 1876-80. For many years he was active in the work of the Young Mens Christian association and the Young Mens library association, of Atlanta, having served as president of the latter, which was finally merged into the Carnegie library. He is a deacon in the Second Baptist church. In 1879 Mr. Hillyer was united in marriage to Mrs. Eleanor Hurd Talcott, of Hartford, Conn. She was a daugh ter of William S. Hurd, who was a native of Oxford, Mass., and who was for many years a heading merchant of Monticello, Ga., where his daughter Eleanor was born. Mrs. Hillyer was sum moned to the life eternal on Oct. 19, 1902, and is survived by one son, William Hurd Hillyer, who is a well known journalist and 
writer. 
, Hillyer, Junius, a distinguished law yer, jurist and politician of Georgia, was born in Wilkes county, April 23, 1807, and died in Decatur, Dekalb county, June 21, 188G. He was the second son of : Shaler and Rebecca (Freeman) Hillve:r and was descended in the seventh generation from John Hillyer, who lived at: Windsor, Conn., in 1639, and who was the immigrant from whom all the Hillyers in the- United States are descended. Both of Junius Hillyers grandfathers were soldiers of the Revolution. His paternal grandfather, Asa Hillyer, served first as a private and then as surgeon in the Continental troops of Connecticut. His maternal grandfather, John Freeman, served as a soldier in the Continental troops of Georgia, the greater portion of the time un der General Elijah Clarke. : He was in the battles of Kings Moun tain, Cowpens, Ninety-six,; Kettle Creek, Savannah and Charles ton and served part of the time with the rank of captain. Shaler Hillyer, father of the subject of this memoir, died when the latter was fourteen years of age, and his widow soon afterward removed from her home in Wilkes county to Athens, Ga., for the purpose of educating her three sons John F., Junius and Shaler G. at Franklin college, where Junius was graduated in 1828. Having studied law during his senior year, he was admitted to the bar 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
within a month after his graduation and at once began the prac tice of his chosen profession in Lawrenceville, Ga., where he re mained one year. He then returned to Athens in 1829, opened a law office in that place, devoted himself with unremitting energy to his profession, in which he rose very rapidly, soon gaining a large practice, and occupying a place in the front rank of that bril liant and celebrated "bar of; the western circuit," composed of such men as Howell and Thomas R. R. Cobb, Charles and William Dougherty, William Hope Hull, Nathaniel G. Foster, William C. Dawson, Alexander H. Stephens, Robert Toombs and Cincinnatus Peeples. In politics he was a Democrat, having joined that party upon its formation under the leadership of Andrew Jackson, and he occupied a prominent place in the councils of the party. He, at different times, held the positions of solicitor-general, judge of the western judicial circuit of Georgia, member of Congress and so licitor of the United States; treasury, at Washington. Judge Hillyer took an active part in the development of the educational and industrial interests of the state. He was for many years a trus tee of the University of Georgia and also of Mercer university. He was one of the original projectors and stockholders of the Georgia railroad, the first enterprise in railroad building ever undertaken in Georgia. He joined the:; Baptist church in 1826 and continued throughout his life a consistent member of that denomination. On Oct. 6, 1831, Judge Hillyer married Mrs. Jane (Watkins) Foster, daughter of George and Mary (Early) Watkins, of Greene county, Ga. She was a woman of remarkable strength of mind and loveli ness of character and died in 1880, at Decatur, Ga., to--.which place the family had removed in 1871. This marriage was a singularly happy one and was blessed with eight children, namely: Dr. Eben Hillyer, of Rome, Ga.; Judge George Hillyer, of Atlanta, Ga.; Maj. Shaler Hillyer, of Selma, Ala.; Mrs. Mary H. Whitfield, of Decatur, Ga.; Carlton Hillyer, of Augusta, Ga., Henry Hillyer, of Atlanta, and Misses Kate R. and Eva W. Hillyer, of Decatur. All of the children are living (1906) except Maj. Shaler Hillyer, who died in 1868. Judge Hillyers career as a judge, lawyer and mem ber of Congress was brilliant and his ability was universally rec ognized. He was especially distinguished for his power before a jury as an advocate and for|:his success in the court room with the cases committed to his care, either on the civil or criminal side of the court. His moral character was of the highest, he possessed the confidence and admiration of the people of Georgia, and took 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
283 
 
rank among the distinguished men of the generation in which he lived. 
Hillyer, Rev. Shaler Granby, D. D., was one of the distinguished clergymen of the Baptist church in Georgia and was also promi nent as an educator and writer, particularly in connection with religious topics. He was a man of exalted character and fine scholarship, leaving the impress of his strong and noble individu ality upon all who came within the sphere of his influence. It is most suitable, in view of his life and achievements, as represented in his labors in Georgia that a tribute to his memory be perpetu ated in this cyclopedia. He was born on his fathers plantation in Wilkes county, Ga., June 20, 1809. His life span compassed only a decade less than an entire century, as his death occurred in Atlanta, Ga., Feb. 19, 1900. His father, Shaler Hillyer, was born in Granby, Conn., Aug. 2, 1776, and his mother, Rebecca (Freeman) Hillyer, was born in Wilkes county, Ga., July 12, 1786. She was a daughter of John Freeman, a soldier of the continental line, during the war of the Revolution, and served in the campaigns of South Carolina and Georgia. Asa Hillyer, paternal grandfather of the subject of this memoir., was likewise a loyal soldier in the War for Indpendence, having first served as a private in the ranks, and later as post surgeon. Dr. Shaler G. Hillyer was graduated in Franklin college, of which the University of Georgia is the direct outgrowth, as a member of the class of 1829. He joined the Bap tist church June 12, 1831, iand after due preparation in his divinity studies was ordained to the ministry on Aug. 6, 1835. After his ordination he continued in the work of the ministry until the au tumn of 1892. His labors were thus protracted over a period of nearly sixty years and were attended with large and grateful fruit age. In the year 1845 he was elected to the chair of rhetoric in Mercer university, and in 1850 the degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by that institution. In 1855 he accepted a call to the pastorate of the Baptist church at Rome, Ga., and remained there until 1859, when the professorship of theology in Mercer university was offered him. He retained this position un til the summer of 1862. After the close of the Civil war he was, for several years, president of Monroe college. Doctor Hillyer made many valuable contributions to various religious periodicals, and in 1897, he published his book entitled "Bible Morality," a work of lofty tone, sincere in thought and forcible in style. The subject matter of one volume of his writings, "Reminiscences of Georgia Baptists," appeared first in serial form in the Christian 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Index, and has been published in book form since his death. In his ministerial capacity Doctor Hillyer served many churches in the state, taking a prominent part in the various phases of church work at large, ever showing himself imbued with the faith that makes faithful. Three of his sons served as soldiers of the Con federacy in the Civil war, and his second son, Lieut. Francis Lor raine Hillyer, lost his life from a wound received on the field of the times. In December, 1836, he wedded Miss Elisabeth Thompson, second battle of Manassas. Doctor Hillyer was married three of Liberty county, Ga., and they became the parents of three chil dren who were left to their fathers care, at a very tender age, by the death of their mother. Mary Elisabeth married Dr. John Will iam Janes, Shaler Granby died Oct. 3, 1905, and the death of Fran cis Lorraine occurred July 23, 1863. The second marriage of Doctor Hillyer was to Miss Elisabeth Dagg and was solemnized on May 12, 1846. She was the daughter of John Leadly and Elisa beth (Thornton) Dagg. Her summons came to enter upon the life eternal in 1870. The following are the names of the children of this union: John Leadly Dagg Hillyer, Sarah Jane (Mrs. Jes sie Campbell McDonald), Junius Freeman, Frances Rebecca (Mrs. Wm. Alden Towers), Katharine Carlton (Mrs. Thomas Lawrence Robinson), Emily Irene (Mrs, Robert Gregory Owen), and Llewellen Philo. In May, 1871, Doctor Hillyer married Mrs. Dorothea Lawton, daughter of Dr. Samuel Furman, of South Carolina. 
Hilton, Joseph, who was a valiant officer in the Confederate serv ice during the Civil war, is one of the prominent lumberman and business men of the state, being president of the Hilton-Dodge Lumber Company, of Darien:, Mclntosh county, where he main tains his home, and also president of the Vale-Royal Lumber Com pany and the Millhaven Lujnber Company, both of Savannah. Captain Hilton comes of Scotch and English lineage and was born in the town of Preston, Lancaster county, England, Oct. 19, 1842, a son of Thomas and Jane (Lachlison) Hilton. He received his rudimentary education in the picturesque old town of his birth, and was eleven years of age when, in 1853, his parents bade adieu to their native land and came to America. Soon after their arrival in this country they located at Darien, where the subject of this review has ever since resided. His father here engaged in the lumber business, being prominently identified with the develop ment of that important industry in this section of the state, where he operated saw mills and became a citizen of influence, honored by all who knew him. He died in Darien at the venerable age of 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
285 
 
eighty-two years, his wife having passed away at the age of sixtyfour years. Both were communicants of the Protestant Episcopal church in America, having previously been identified with the Church of England of the same communion. After locating in McIntosh county Joseph Hilton continued his educational discipline in the schools of Darien and at an academy at Paris Hill, Screven county. He has been identified with the lumber industry from his youth to the present and is an authority in all details pertain ing to it. He was nineteen years of age at the inception of the Civil war, and forthwith manifested his loyalty to the cause of the Confederacy. In August, 1861, he became second lieutenant of the Mclntosh Guards, which at that time were mustered into the Confederate service as Company B, Twenty-sixth Georgia in fantry. He proceeded with his command to the front and was soon promoted to first lieutenant and later to the captaincy of his company. Finally he was called upon to serve as acting adjutantgeneral on the staff of Gen. Clement A. Evans and continued as such until the surrender of General Lee. On that occasion he was present and received his parole at Appomattox, after having ren dered gallant and faithful service during the entire course of the war and participated in many of the important battles of the great conflict. He several times received slight wounds, but none of a serious nature. His continued interest in his old comrades is evi denced by his membership in the United Confederate Veterans. In 1865, soon after returning to his home in Darien, Captain Hilton assumed charge of the lumber business of the firm of Thomas Hil ton & Sons, of which his honored father was the founder and head. This firm was later succeeded by that of Hilton & Foster, in which lie continued an interested principal, and still later the latter gave place to the Hilton Timber & Lumber Company, which was the immediate predecessor of the present Hilton-Dodge Lumber Com pany. During the various changes since 1865 Captain Hilton has continued as the head and manager of the business, and he has been president of the present company from the time of its or ganization. As before noted he is also president of the two im portant lumber concerns maintaining headquarters in the city of Savannah the Vale-Royal Lumber Company and the Millhaven Lumber Company. His business career has been one of marked success and has gained him distinctive prestige, while no shadow lias rested on his reputation during the long period which has rep resented his active identification with business affairs of wide scope and importance. Captain Hilton is a stanch adherent of the 
 
 286 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Democratic party, but public office has never held allurement for him, though he has been at all times ready to lend his aid and in fluence in the support of measures and enterprises tending to ad vance the general weal. He is a communicant of the Protestant Episcopal church, as is also Mrs. Hilton. Captain Hilton chose as his wife, Miss Ida Leigh Naylor, of Savannah, and they have four children: Miss Ida Leigh, who remains at the paternal home; Ruth Foster, who is the wife of Edmund B. Walker; Thomas, who is associated with his father in business; and Miss Lucina Gilson, who is still a member of the charming home circle. 
Hilton, Lee H., has gained precedence as one of the leading busi ness men of Screven county, where his interests are varied and important and where he has gained success through the applica tion of his fine energies and marked initiative and executive tal ents. He is president of the L. H. Hilton Company, of Sylvania, conducting one of the largest and most metropolitan mercantile es tablishments in this section:jof the state; is president of the Screven county bank, of Sylvania and of the Screven county oil mills. It will thus be seen, even at:a cursory glance, that he has lent his aid and co-operation in the:: promotion of enterprises which greatly conserve the general welfare of the community, while he has also served in various offices of:; public trust and distinction. Mr. Hil ton is a native of the county in which he has attained to so notable success, having been born -on the home plantation, about twelve miles distant from Sylvania, April 20, 1865, and is a son of James L. Hilton, who was born in Macon county, Ga., and who has re sided in the West since 1875, now making his home in the city of Denver, Col. The mother of the subject of this sketch bore the maiden name of Mary Lanier and was born and reared in Screven county. She died :jn 1876, at Kearney, Neb., whither she had accompanied her husband in the preceding year. Lee H. Hil ton secured his rudimentary education in the schools of Screven county and was ten years of age at the time of his parents removal to Nebraska, where he completed his educational discipline in the public schools and remained there until he had reached the age of eighteen years. He then returned to Georgia, and for the ensu ing three years was employed as a salesman in a Savannah mer cantile establishment. In 1886 he located in Sylvania and engaged in the mercantile business:on his own account. Concerning the upbuilding of the magnificent business of the L. H. Hilton Com pany, it is found consistent to quote, with somewhat of elimination, from an article recently published in a local paper: "Upon locat- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
287 
 
ing in Sylvania Mr. Hilton established himself in the general mer chandise business in a comparatively small wooden building, on Main street. There he remained about twelve years, during which his business increased so materially that he found it necessary to seek more commodious quarters and to call to his assistance a part ner in business; this was in the year 1897. It was about this time that a one-story brick store was built by Mr. Hilton, in a more central location on Main street, and it was here, in the spring of 1897, that the L. H. Hilton Company was organized and com menced business as a chartered-corporation, with a paid-in capital stock of $10,000. Mr. Hilton is president of the company and George M. Hill is its secretary and treasurer. With its constantly increasing facilities the concern grew more and more in favor with the people, and the planters in particular, owing largely to the fact that it made a specialty of buying every bale of cotton that could be purchased from the growers. When the company first com menced business in Sylvania the annual shipments of cotton from this place amounted to only about 1,500 bales. It is almost en tirely through the efforts of this enterprising company that the cotton shipments from Sylvania have reached so notable an amount in the past few years, nearly 5,000 bales having been shipped in the season of 1905." In 1903 the L. H. Hilton Com pany found it imperative to increase its capital stock to $25,000 and to build, opposite of the east front of the court-house, on Main street, one of the largest and finest business blocks in southeastern Georgia. The building: is constructed of pressed brick and has trimmings of Georgia marble, while all equipments and accessories are of the most modern: sort. The block is two stories in height, with basement, is lighted with acetylene gas and supplied with artesian water. This building and the companys warehouse af ford an aggregate floor: space of 26,000 square feet. The article from which the preceding quotations were made, continues as fol lows : "Here is the permanent home of the L. H. Hilton Com pany, truly one of the; most enterprising and energetic business firms to be found in the territory between Savannah, Augusta and Macon. . Within its walls is carried a stock of goods that would do credit to a city of 50,000 inhabitants, instead of a county site like Sylvania, the population of which barely exceeds 1,500. The retail trade of this concern is something enormous, and it is ac quiring an enviable reputation as a wholesale house." In addition to the various departments devoted to general merchandise, the company also handles all kinds of farming implements and ma- 
 
 288 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
chinery, buggies, furniture, hardware, etc. Mr. Hilton, the head 
 
of this great concern, which is a monument to his energy, discrim 
 
ination, courage and financial;, acumen, is in the very prime of use 
 
ful manhood and his reputation is without spot or blemish, as he 
 
has ever been actuated by the highest principles of integrity and 
 
honor, and is liberal and publiospirited in his attitude. In addi 
 
tion to his interests in this company he is president of the Screven 
 
county bank and the .Screven oil mills, and is the owner of valu 
 
able plantation property in the county. He is a member of the 
 
board of trustees of the Sylyania high school and is chief of the 
 
local fire department. He is an unswerving adherent of the Dem 
 
ocratic party, and in 1900-01 .represented his native county in the 
 
state legislature. No man in the county has done more to further 
 
its advancement and development and he merits the high esteem 
 
in which he is so uniformly held. On Dec. 2, 1886, Mr. Hilton was 
 
united in marriage to Miss Bessie Hill, daughter of E. H. Hill, of 
 
Screven county, and they haye six children, viz.: Maud L., Cor- 
 
son L., George H., Louise, Dorothy, and L. H., Jr. The eldest 
 
daughter is now a student in ;the Wesleyan college, in Macon. 
 
Hilton Station, a village of ;Early county, is located on the Cen 
 
tral of Georgia railroad, about five miles northeast of Columbia, 
 
Ala., and in 1900 reported a population.of 104. It has a money 
 
order postoffice, with free rural delivery,, express and telegraph 
 
offices and stores, and is a shipping center for the surrounding 
 
country. 
 
Hinesville, the county seat of Liberty county, situated about five 
 
miles from the Atlantic Coast;;Line railway, is in the great lumber 
 
belt of southeast Georgia. Liberty county has always been well 
 
supplied with school and church privileges. Hinesville has a 
 
court house that cost $10,000, a money order post office, good 
 
stores, and is the center of a moral, intelligent and industrious com 
 
munity. The population of Hinesville is 249.- On Dec. 16, 1864, a 
 
sharp skirmish occurred at Hinesville as Sherman was drawing his 
 
lines about Savannah. 
 
;. 
 
Hinkle, Albert B., M. D., wiho is engaged in the practice of his 
 
profession in Macon, was born in that city, Dec. 9,1865. His father, 
 
Dr. James B. Hinkle, a distinguished physician and surgeon of 
 
Southwestern Georgia, served ::during the Civil war in the Confed 
 
erate army, enlisting in an Alabama company known as the "Mont 
 
gomery True Blues" and aftenyard rising to the position of surgeon 
 
with the rank of major. He Svas known as the fighting surgeon; 
 
"was for a time in charge of the prisoners at Camp Oglethorpe, and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
289 
 
later had charge of hospitals at Mobile and Camden. Dr. Albert B. Hinkle was reared at Americus, Sumter county, Ga., in whose high school he graduated in 1883. Three years later he was grad uated at Mercer university, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then began the study of medicine under the able preceptorship 
of his father. In the fall of 1887 he en tered the medical department of the University of the City of New York, and at the same time further fortified himself in his technical work by taking special instructions in the various branches of the sciences of medicine and surgery under the most eminent teachers of the national metropolis. He was graduated, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, on March 12, 1889, and immediately en tered the New York post-graduate medical school and hospital, where, in addition to a regular course, he took a special course of study on the eye, ear, nose and throat and the treatment of their dis eases. In June, 1889, he returned to Americus and entered into practice with his father, .with whom he formed a partnership. In the autumn of that year he again entered the New York post-graduate college for more extensive study, and in Septem ber, 1897, after most successful work in his former field of en deavor, he came to Macon, where he has built up a fine practice, having well appointed offices, equipped with the most modern electrical and surgical appliances. In June, 1889, he received the degree of Master of Arts from his alma mater, Mercer university. Ever since graduating he has been engaged in general practice and special work, always keeping in touch with new discoveries relat ing to the science of medicine and surgery. He is now an assist ant United States surgeon, with the rank of captain, being sta tioned at Macon, and is '._ examining physician for a number of secret orders. Doctor Hirikle is a firm believer in the tenets of the Democratic party, and in religious matters is a member of the Mul berry street Methodist Episcopal church. He is prominent in fraternal circles, being treasurer of Fort Hawkins Lodge, No. 418, Free and Accepted Masons; a member of all the branches of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows; a past chancellor commander in the Knights of Pythias; a member of the Improved Order of Red Men, in which he has passed through the chairs, and belongs 
19-11 
 
 290 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
to the Independent Order of Beavers. On Sept. 4, 1890, he was united in marriage to Miss Nita O., daughter of Maj. A. Lewis, of Thomaston, Ga. Her father lost a leg during the military opera tions around Chattanooga in the fall of 1863. He now resides at Dawson, Ga. Doctor and Mrs. Hinkle became the parents of three children. Anita died at the age of six years, and James Burney and Carolynne Elizabeth are still living. 
Hinson, a post-hamlet in the southwestern part of Jeff Davis county, is located on Big Hurricane creek, about eleven miles from Hazlehurst, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
Hinsonton, a village of Mitchell county, is a station on the Flint River & Northeastern railroad abotit eight miles northeast of Pelham. It has a money order postoffice, schools, churches and some mercantile houses, and does considerable shipping. 
Hinton, Andrew J., of Greenville, has served continuously as judge of the court of ordinary of Meriwether county, for nearly thirty years, and is one of the : honored and popular citizens of his na tive county, from which he went forth Jto do yeoman service as a soldier of the Confederacy during the Civil war. Judge Hinton was born in Woodbury, Meri wether county, Ga., Aug. 31, 1841, and is a son of Jesse and Clara (Wells) Hin ton, both native of Wilkes county, this state, where the former was born in 1802 and the latter in 1810. Judge Hinton secured the greater portion of his early educational discipline in Griffin, Spalding county, and he was a resident of Meriwether county and identified with agricultural pursuits until the time of the Civil war. In 1862 he enlisted as a private in Company K, Fifty-fifth Georgia volun teer infantry, later becoming a member of Company B, Ninth Georgia infantry. He rose to the rank of captain of his company and took part in many engagements, principally those around Atlanta, Griswoldville and Savannah, remaining in active service until the close of the great and fratricidal conflict between the states. He returned to Meriwether county and was clerk of the superior court for a period! of four years, at the expiration of which he was chosen ordinary of the county, having held this office con tinuously since 1877 and being one of the most valued public offi cials of the cotinty. He is a stalwart supporter of the principles 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
291 
 
and policies of the Democratic party, in whose cause he maintains 
 
a lively interest. He and his first wife held membership in the 
 
Missionary Baptist church; he is affiliated with the Masonic fra 
 
ternity, the United Confederate Veterans, the Royal Arcanum and 
 
the Knights of Pythias. On Feb. 8, 1858, Judge Hinton was united 
 
in marriage to Miss Sudie Finley, daughter of Emanuel and Eliza 
 
beth Finley, of Woodbury, this county, and they became the par 
 
ents of two children. Mrs. Hinton passed away in 1875, and on 
 
Jan. 4, 1887, Judge Hinton married Miss Palmer Walker, his pres 
 
ent wife, no children having been born of this union. His son 
 
Jesse Lee Hinton was appointed assistant secretary to General 
 
Thomas, who had charge of the Indian country in Oklahoma at the 
 
Sac and Fox agency in 1895, but lived only a short time. His 
 
daughter, Mrs. Lorena Hinton Ledsing, is living in Atlanta. She 
 
was postmaster of the last house of representatives and will fill 
 
the same position in the coming session. His present wife is a 
 
member of the Methodist church. 
 
Hiram, a town of Paulding county, was incorporated by act of 
 
the legislature on Oct. 6, 1891. It is on the Southern railroad, 
 
about six miles southeast of Dallas and in 1900 reported a popu 
 
lation of 105. It has a money order postofnce, with rural free de 
 
livery, express and telegraph service, mercantile interests, and is 
 
a shipping point of some importance. 
 
Hirsch, Joseph, honored citizen and 
 
: 
 
progressive business man of Atlanta, is 
 
one of the philanthropists of Georgia 
 
whose benefactions have gained to him 
 
wide recognition, though they have ever 
 
been given without ostentation. It has 
 
consistently been said that he "has ac 
 
complished more in behalf of true char 
 
ity than any other man in the state." 
 
From the same source is derived further 
 
appreciative estimate, in the following 
 
words: "His magnificent contribution to 
 
the Grady hospital and his unremitting 
 
efforts in behalf of that institution have made it a lasting monu 
 
ment to his memory, and his services will be gratefully remem 
 
bered as long as the Grady hospital continues to perform its mis 
 
sion of charity. Thoiigh Mr. Hirsch has been identified with this 
 
country to such a marked extent as to suggest an American na 
 
tivity, he is nevertheless of foreign birth. He was born in the em- 
 
 292 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
pire of Germany, July 13, 1845, and the entire period of his boyhood was spent under the flag of his fatherland." He is a son of Nathan and Flora (Baum) Hirsch, both of whom passed their entire lives in Germany, where the former was born May 7, 1800, and where his death occurred March 7, 1892. The wife and mother passed to the life eternal in the year 1878. They became the par ents of seven children, concerning whom the following brief rec ord is here incorporated: Raphael died in Marietta, Ga., and his remains rest in one of the cemeteries of Atlanta; Caroline became the wife of Henry Rosenbaum and died in Atlanta, in 1901; Esther became the wife of Nathan Loeb and passed her entire life in Ger many, where she died several years ago; Morris married Amelia Huntzler and died in the city of Atlanta, Feb. 5, 1906, having been a prominent business man; Henry married Rosalie Huntzler and is a prominent clothing merchant of Atlanta; the subject of this sketch was the next in order; of birth and was the last of the chil dren to seek a home in America; Yette is the wife of Aaron Guthman, residing in Germany. ;. From a previously published sketch are derived the following datk: "His father was a very successful merchant, and the influence:; of parental example, as well as the instinct of heredity, had mucli to do with formulating the charac teristics of Mr. Hirsch and ijvith his subsequent career as a busi ness man. Even at school his ideas were suggestive of the busi ness attitude that was to distinguish him in later life. Germany at that time, though one of the foremost nations of Europe, was not attractive to the ambitious youth as was the republic beyond the waters, his brothers haying preceded him to America as al ready intimated. At the age of fifteen years Mr. Hirsch resolved to cast in his lot with the New World. Accordingly, in 1860, he embarked for America, arriving in due course of time in New York city, only to find the country agitated and disturbed by the immi nence of Civil war. It was out of the question for him to return home, and he had no other alternative than to face the perils of the situation. He remained in the north only a .short time, coming thence directly to Georgia and taking up his abode in the little town of Marietta, a cultured and enterprising center of business activity, and remained there for a while, in the capacity of clerk in a mercantile establishment. He then went to Acworth, a few miles north, where one of his brothers was engaged in business. Here he remained several months,? but, realizing that his business edu cation was deficient in respect to the methods of this country, he went to the city of Philadelphia, where he passed several months 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
293 
 
as a student in a leading business college, becoming a competent bookkeeper and accountant through the training there received. He served for a time in the Confederate ranks at the time of the war between the states, as a private in a company commanded by Captain ONeill, in the Seventh Georgia infantry. For a time after leaving Philadelphia he resided in Wheeling, W. Va., then returned to Georgia, and in 1867 he took up his residence in Atlanta. The city was then suffering from the ravages of General Shermans forces and was lying prostrate in dust and ashes. He recognized the fact, however, that Atlanta was destined to become the busi ness center of the south, and for that reason he decided to estab lish his home here, a choice which has been amply justified and which he has never had occasion to regret. Under the firm name of M. & J. Hirsch, he and his brother engaged in the clothing busi ness, in which line of enterprise they continued to operate until theirs was recognized as :the leading wholesale and retail clothing establishment in Atlanta. In 1878 the retail department of the business was eliminated and the firm continued exclusively in the wholesale trade. The success of these sterling business men was achieved by the adoption and rigid enforcement of simple rules of faithful attention to business, and square, honest and open-handed methods in dealing with the large trade that was accorded in the course of years. The subject of this sketch has since identified himself with various other industrial and commercial enterprises, and his capitalistic interests are large and important. He is pres ident of the Parian Paint Company, one of the extensive manufac tories of paint in the south and one which controls a large whole sale trade. His elder son, Jacob H., is secretary and treasurer of this company. Concerning the generosity and benevolence of Mr. Hirsch, who has ever manifested a high appreciation of his stew ardship and of the responsibilites which financial success imposes, the following has been written: "Mr. Hirsch first came into pub lic notice as a friend of charity, at the inception of the movement to erect a Hebrew orphans home. In addition to a handsome sum of money he gave to that enterprise the unstinted labor of a whole year. The success of this movement was no sooner assured than a similar enterprise was inaugurated for the erection of the Grady hospital. Mr. Hirsch had been a warm personal friend of Mr. Grady, and no man in Atlanta was more anxious to perpetuate the fame and memory of that lamented Georgian than was Mr. Hirsch. The proposition to erect: a city hospital as such a memorial met with his unqualified approval, and he decided to do all in his power 
 
 294: 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
to insure the success of this movement. He donated a magnificent sum to the Grady hospital and gave the movement a splendid start, but his interest in the hospital did not cease with this momentary assistance. He became the life and center of the movement; he engineered the work, and devoted himself night and day to the success of this great enterprise. He was frequently dismayed by the outlook, but, in spite of discouraging circumstances, the build ing was finally completed and was dedicated to the cause of char ity. The hospital has grown into one of the leading institutions of the south, and the fame of Mr. Hirsch has spread throughout the length and breadth of the country. A large crayon portrait of Mr. Hirsch is one of the ornaments of the public reception room of the Grady hospital. Mr. Hirsch has always evinced a deep in terest in the public schools of Atlanta, and for years has been an active and influential member of the board of education." In poli tics he gives his allegiance to the Democratic party, and he has served as a member of the city council for nearly a decade, being one of the valued members of that body, ever showing a loyal and public-spirited interest in all that concerns the city of his home. He is president of the Hebrew benevolent association and vicepresident of the Hebrew orphans home. He is affiliated with the Bnai Brith and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Mr. Hirschs home life is ideal in its associations and relations. On March 29, 1871, he was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca Hutzler, daughter of Morris and Sarah (Manheim) Hutzler, of Worms, Germany, and of this union have been born three children: Sarah L., who was born Nov. 15, 1875, is the wife of Arthur L. Weil, of Savannah, Ga., .and they have two children Elise R. and Edward A.; Jacob H., who was born- Jan. 18, 1877, is secretary and treas urer of the Parian Paint Company, as already noted. He married Miss Jeanette Weil, and they have one child, Joseph, Jr.; Milton M., was born July 7, 1879, and remains at the parental home. 
Historical Society. In April, 1839, W. B. Stevens, I. K. Tefft and R. D. Arnold sent out a circular to a number of men, whom they knew to be interested in the history of the state, inviting them to attend a meeting for the purpose of organizing a state historical society. At that first meeting John M. Berrien was elected presi dent; James M. Wayne and Matthew H. McAllister, vice-presi dents ; Israel K. Tefft, secretary; George W. Hunter, treasurer; Henry K. Preston, librarian;; and a board of directors was chosen consisting of William T. Williams, Charles S. Henry, John C. Nicoll, William Law, Robert M. Charlton, Alexander A. Smets, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
295 
 
William B. Stevens and Richard D. Arnold. The society was chartered by an act of the legislature on Dec. 19, 1839, "for the collection, preservation, and diffusion of information relating to the history of Georgia in all its various departments." Under its auspices Dr. William B. Stevens wrote his History of Georgia, several volumes of valuable information pertaining to the history of the state have been published, and a large collection of manu scripts and relics, that might otherwise have been lost, have been .gathered together and preserved. For about eight years after its organization the society was permitted to occupy the rooms of the Savannah Library Association. Quarters were then secured in a building erected for its accommodation opposite the Bank of the State of Georgia. Subsequently, through the liberality of Miss Mary Telfair, the daughter of Gov. Edward Telfair, the old Telfair residence in Savannah, with all its furniture, works of art, books, etc.. was bequeathed to the society, to be erected into an academy of the arts and sciences, and this historic mansion has ever since been the home of the Georgia Historical Society. 
Hix, a post-village of Madison county, is about seven miles southeast of Commerce,.which is the nearest railroad town. 
Hoboken, a village of Pierce county, is a station on the Atlantic Coast Line railroad about sixteen miles east from Waycross. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, and is the trade and shipping; center for an extensive farming district. The population in 1900 Was 60. 
Hobson, a post-hamlet in the southern part of Douglas county, is located near the Chattahoochee river and about ten miles south of Winston. which is the most convenient railroad station. 
Hogansville, a town of Troup county on the Atlantic & West Point railroad, was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1870 and its charter was amended in 1883. It is in the midst of a splen did agricultural district,; has good schools and churches, a money order postoffice with rural free delivery, express and telegraph of fices, prosperous mercantile establishments, two banks, a cotton factory, cotton oil mills fertilizer factory, harness factory, grist mill, and a public cotton gin. In the entire Hogansville district there was a population of 3,663, according to the census of 1900, of whom 893 lived in the town. 
Hoggard, a post-village of Baker county, is located about fifteen miles east of Colquitt, which is the nearest railway station. 
Hoggs, a post-hamlet of Marion county, is not far from the Web- 
 
 296 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ster county line and about eight miles southwest of Buena Vista, which is the most covenient railroad station. 
Hogrefe, Charles W., a successful hardware merchant of Au gusta, was born in that city, Sept. 27, 1878, and is a son of Henry and Augusta Georgia (Weigle) Hogrefe, the former of whom was born in Charleston, S. C, Feb. 21, 1850, and the latter in Augusta, Georgia, in recognition of which fact she received her two signi ficant Christian names. They still reside in this county, the father being a well known market gardner and having a finely improved place not far distant from the city. Both are of stanch German descent. Charles W. Hogrefe prosecuted his studies in Houghton institute and later in Richmond academy in Augusta, -being gradu ated in the latter old and popular institution at the age of sixteen years. Soon afterward he entered the employ of Maurice Walton, in whose hardware establishment he remained as a salesman for a period of eight years, familiarizing himself with the various de tails of the business. On Oct. 31, 1903, he resigned his position with this concern and on the 1st of the following month engaged in the same line of business on his own account, becoming one of the organizers and incorporates of the Hogrefe Hardware Com pany, which was named in fiis honor and of which he has been the general manager from the ;start. He is now a half owner of the business, in which he is associated with John J. Evans, who is one of the well known and honored business men, of Augusta. The Hogrefe Hardware Company has the state agency for the Blakeslee gasoline engines, manufactured in Birmingham, Ala., and has built up a splendid business in the handling of these fine engines, which are of the highest type and challenge all competition. Mr. Hogrefe is a member of Holy Trinity English Lutheran church, as is also his wife, and he is superintendent of its Sunday school. In a fraternal way he is identified with the Royal Arcanum. On Jan. 12, 1901, Mr. Hogrefe:;was united in marriage to Miss Lillie L. Story, of Augusta, and they have one son, Carl Raymond, who was born Nov. 22, 1903. ; 
Holden, Horace Moore, jttdge of the superior courts of the north ern judicial circuit, maintains his home in Crawfordville, Taliaferro county, and has attained to; distinction as one of the leading law yers and jurists of that part of the state, while his was the distinc tion at the time of his first election to his present office, in 1900, of being the youngest judge on the circuit bench in the state. He was born on the homestead plantation of his father, in Warren county, Ga., March 5, 1866, a son of William Franklin Holden, of whom 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
297 
 
individual mention is made in this publication. The future jurist assisted in the work on the home farm near Crawfordville in his 
boyhood days, and his early educational advantages were those 
afforded in the local schools. While he 
was still a boy his parents removed to 
Crawfordville, and here he began attend 
ing school in the autumn of 1872. His 
more fundamental discipline was supple 
mented by instruction in the academic 
schools at Harlem and Newnan. He 
attended a classical school taught by his 
cousin, Thomas Rhodes, in Newnan, Ga., 
in 1879. In the autumn of 1883 he was 
matriculated in the University of Georgia, 
in which he was graduated as a mem 
ber of the class of 1885, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, After his graduation he prosecuted the reading of law, with marked devotion and earnestness, and at the February term of the superior court in Taliaferro county in 1886 he secured admission to the bar, being nineteen years of age at the time. He began the practice of his profession in Crawford ville, and here he has continued the work, in which he has attained success and prominence. The grand jury of the county spoke of him at the time of his original candidacy for the circuit bench as a "man of lofty character and high integrity, a lawyer of eminent ability, and in every way qualified to fill this important position." Other endorsements of his candidacy throughout the circuit were equally unequivocal. Judge Holden has always been a stalwart supporter of the principles of the Democratic party arid in 1892 was the nominee of :his party for representative of Taliaferro county in the state legislature. He has taken an active part in the work of his party and in 1898 was a member of the Democratic state executive committee, as representative of the tenth district. In 1896 he was a member of the Democratic campaign committee of the state, and in 1898 he also served as chairman of Democratic county committee of :his county. In 1900, when but thirty-four years of age, he was elected judge of the northern judicial circuit, and his record on the;bench has fully justified the confidence and support accorded him;by the voters of the circuit. The apprecia tion of his efforts was ^exemplified in his having been chosen as his own successor in 1904, without opposition. His knowledge of law is broad and exact and this fortification, together with a naturally 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
judicial mind and an intelligent conservatism, eminently qualify him for the office of which he is incumbent. Crawfordville was for many years the home of the "great commoner", Hon. Alex ander H. Stephens, and in May, 1893, Judge Holden was master of ceremonies at the unveiling of the monument to the memory of this distinguished citizen of Georgia and of the nation, having previously been chairman of the committees which had charge of erecting the monument and preparing the inscriptions for the same. The monument was unveiled by Miss Mary Corry, a greatniece of Mr. Stephens, and a few days later this young woman be came the wife of Judge Holden, their marriage being solemnized on June 1, 1893. Judge Holden is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church South, and his wife belongs to the Presbyterian church. Mrs. Holden is a daughter of Judge William and Mary (Stephens) Corry, of Greene; county, where Judge Corry was a citizen of prominence and influence. Judge and Mrs. Holden have five children, namely: Frank, Howard Lewis, Mary Emma, Queen 
and Anna Frances. 
Hplden, William F., has been a man 
of distinctive influence in public affairs 
in Georgia and has filled various offices 
of trust and responsibility. He main 
tains his home in Crawfordville and is a scion of one of the sterling pioneer fam 
ilies ; of Taliaferro county. His father, 
Thomas Holden, was born Jan. 10, .1811, at Greensboro, Ga., and was an infant 
at the time of his fathers death, being 
carefully reared and educated by his de 
voted mother. He passed the greater 
portion of his life in Taliaferro and War ren counties. Of him it has been written that "He was a plain farmer, reasonably successful; a man of strong common sense, emi nently pious but a member of rio church." He died on Oct. 27, 1875. His wife, whose maiden name was Susan Akins, was a daughter of William Akins, of Taliaferro county. They became the par ents of four children, all of whom are now deceased except the subject of this sketch. William F. Holden was born in Taliaferro county, Ga., Sept. 15, 1830, arid his youth was passed principally on the homestead farm. He -received a fair academic education and as a young man he taught school for a time. In 1857 he was lected to the state legislature :; and was chosen as his own succes- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
g99 
 
sor in 1859. He was in the general assembly when the state was passing through the fiery ordeal just preceding the dissolution of the Union, and was a prominent actor in the scenes that marked the strenuous deliberations in the capital of the state. He shared the views of Mr. Stephens and when the state was being urged to pass the ordinance of secession, was bitterly opposed to the action and was a zealous worker in the attempt to defeat the measure. When his state finally seceded, however, he determined to give the Confederate cause the benefit of his services in the field, and ac cordingly raised a company of volunteers in Taliaferro county, of which he was made captain. The company was mustered into the Forty-ninth Georgia infantry and ordered to Virginia. Captain Holden was in service only a short time, physical disabilities com pelling him to resign his commission and return home. President Davis afterward appointed him to a position in the quartermas ters department, in which he served until the close of the war. In 1868 he was again elected to the legislature. It was at this session, it will be remembered, that the twenty years lease of the state road was made. Mr. Holden was one of the prime movers in that connection. He introduced a bill to dispose of the state road, Aug. 30, 1868, and the final result was that the road was leased for twenty years, at $300,000 annually, half of the amount to be applied to educational purposes. Another measure which Mr. Holden introduced and -was instrumental in bringing to enactment was the bill allowing defendants arraigned on criminal charges to testify not under oath on their own behalf. He introduced this bill on Sept. 5, 1868. Of this law the late and honored Gov. A. H. Stephen spoke in the following words, written in a personal let ter to Captain Holden: "In my opinion this law will never be re pealed or modified, and will therefore be far-reaching in its conse quences to the poor and defenseless. Prisoners arraigned for crime will ever have the comforting assurance .that, in conspiracies against them, they will have a chance to speak in their own behalf, and, perchance, many innocent persons may escape the penalty of the guilty. By this law the poor and defenseless have a guarantee of the dearest rights of the citizen." Again, when the legislature was in a turmoil and the people of the state were threatened with the domination of a general assembly composed of negroes, backed by carpet-baggers and Federal soldiers, Mr. Holden was a mem ber of the important commission which was sent to Washington to ask Congress not to interfere with their state affairs and to leave them to peaceful solution.: On April 21, 1882, Mr. Holden was ap- 
 
 300 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
pointed postmaster at Augusta, by President Arthur, this being one of the largest and most important offices in the state. He held the position three years, at the expiration of which he re turned to Crawfordville, where he has since resided, giving his time and attention to the supervision of his extensive planting in terests and resting secure in the confidence and esteem of the com munity. On Sept. 1, 1853, he was united in marriage to Miss Nancy Moore, daughter of William B. Moore, a planter of Taliaferro county, and of this union were born five children, all of whom are living: William Oscar, Claude, John, Horace M. and Stella. 
Holidays. The holidays recognized by law in Georgia are Jan uary 1, New Years day; January 19, anniversary of the birth of Gen. Robert E. Lee; February 22, Washingtons birthday; April 26, Confederate Memorial Day; June 3, birthday anniversary of Jefferson Davis; July 4, Independence Day; the first Monday in September, Labor Day; Thanksgiving Day as may be proclaimed by the president of the United States and the governor of the state; the first Friday in December, Arbor Day; and December 25, 
Christmas. Holland, a post-hamlet of Chattooga county, is also a station on 
the Central of Georgia railroad about fourteen miles northwest 
from Rome. Holland's Mills, a post-hamlet of Carroll county, is located near 
the Douglas county line, about five miles northeast of Banning, which is the nearest railway station. 
Holliday, William Zellars, an eminent physician of Augusta and a member of the faculty of the Medical College of Georgia, was born on the family home stead, ten miles east of Washington, Wilkes county, Ga., Jan. 4, 1860, his par ents being Alien T. and Elizabeth (Zel lars) ; Holliday. The father, who was a farmer and also engaged in the lumber business, died in 1865, leaving a widow with isix young children to rear and edu cate. ; Just at that time the country was struggling with the unsettled and de moralized conditions incident tip the Civil war, making the task of the widowed mother one of peculiar difficulty and responsibility. But with true courage she met iand overcame the obstacles as they presented themselves, conducted the affairs of the family with 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
301 
 
rare business ability, and established for each of her children a character for industry, honor and moral integrity. The subject of this sketch, therefore, spent the early years of his life on the farm, where he received that training in industry, perseverance and selfdenial which constitute the basis of all honorable living, and which have been the main factors in his subsequent success. His early educationwas received in the neighboring schools, which for that day were very good, offering him the opportunities of studying Latin, Greek and the higher mathematics, in which branches he became quite proficient, thus forming a substantial basis for his professional education that followed. At an early age he decided in favor of a professional life and at the age of nineteen years be gan the study of medicine in the office of Dr. John L. Wilkes, at Lincolnton. That was in September, 1879. The first six months of the following year were passed in the office of Dr. Joseph W. Sanders, a prominent physician of Penfield. Having qualified himself for college by this preparatory course of study, he entered the University of Maryland school of medicine, where he was grad uated in March, 1882, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Within thirty days after receiving his degree he located at Har lem, Ga., and assumed the duties and responsibilities of the active practitioner of medicine. Although but twenty-two years of age and almost an entire stranger in the locality, he soon demonstrated his skill and established himself in a lucrative practice. After nearly ten years here he became desirous for a field in which his talents could find a wider; scope and removed to Augusta, where he soon became recognized as one of the leading physicians. Doc tor Holliday is a close student of everything pertaining to his chosen profession, and he has kept fully abreast of the march of progress in the science of medicine. He has taken several post graduate courses in the New York post-graduate medical school and New York polyclinic. ' For several years he has made a spe cialty of the disease of children, in which branch of medicine he is justly regarded as one of the leading physicians in the state. Since taking up his residence in Augusta he has been connected the greater part of the time with the work of teaching in the Medical College of Georgia, giving instruction in various departments, for the last three years as professor of pediatrics. He is a member of the American medical association, the Medical Association of Georgia, and the Richmond county medical society. In a period of twelve years he was five times elected president of the local medical society and in April, 1005, at the annual meeting at At- 
 
 SOS 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
lanta, he was elected president of the Medical Association of Geor gia. His election to this office was the highest compliment his profession could pay, and under his administration the member ship of the association was increased more than in any decade of its previous history, the work of the organization having also been much improved and a general interest aroused among the mem bers of the profession in the state. Doctor Holliday is a member of the Richmond county board of education, one of the trustees of the Masonic hall of Augusta, a director of the Young Mens Chris tian Association, and takes,great interest in charitable and benev olent work generally. In April, 1885, Doctor Holliday was united in marriage to Miss Ella Collins, of Harlem, and they have one daughter, Edith. 
Hollingsworth, a village of Banks county, is located about four miles southeast of Alto, which is the nearest railroad station. It has schools, churches and some mercantile interests, and in 1900 reported a population of 101. 
Hollingsworth, Samuel Li, who was long in railroad service, in the capacity of conductor, is now engaged in the grocery business in Augusta, having an attractive and thoroughly metropolitan re tail establishment, at the corner of Telfair and Ninth streets. Mr. Hollingsworth was born oil a plantation in Newton county, Ga., Sept. 14, 1858, and is a son of James M. and Martha Hollingsworth, both of whom were likewise born in Newton county, the former on Dec. 22, 1824, and the latter on Dec. 23, 1828. The father, who was a prosperous planter and a man of influence in his community, died in October, 1892, and! his wife passed away in September, 1899. They resided in that portion of Newton county which is now included in Rockdale county. They are survived by four chil dren, of whom the subject of: this sketch is the only son. Elizabeth is the widow of J. C. Granade; Mary is the wife of E. J. Argo; and Sudie is the wife of W. Y. Nelms, of Atlanta. The elder sisters re side in Rockdale county. Samuel L. Hollingsworth was reared on the homestead plantation, and his early educational advantages were those afforded by the;common schools of Rockdale county. In 1883 he entered the employ of the Georgia railroad, in the ca pacity of flagman, serving three years and then being promoted to the position of freight conductor. Six years later he was made a passenger conductor, and continued to hold this position for ten years, at the expiration of which, on Sept. 13, 1902, he resigned his position to engage in the retail grocery business in Augusta, hav ing since given his entire attention to this enterprise. His estab- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
303 
 
lishment is one of the best in the city and controls a large and prosperous trade. Mr. Rollings-worths eldest son, Panola V., is associated with him in the business, under the firm name of Hollingsworth & Co. Mr. Rollings-worth is a Democrat, a Master Ma son, a member of the First Presbyterian church, and is identified with the Merchants protective association and the Order of Rail way Conductors. On Dec. 21, 1876, he was united in marriage to Miss Mary Leila Marbut, of Rockdale county, and they have five children, viz.: Ada Viola, Libbie S., Panola V., Grady DeWitt, and Scott. Ada V. is the wife of C. W. Brown, a representative hardware merchant of Augusta, and Libbie S. is the wife of W. W. Zealy, of Athens, Ga. 
Hollenville, a village of Pike county, is located about six miles west of Williamson, which is the nearest railroad town. It has a money order postoffice and some mercantile interests. 
Holly, a post-hamlet of Murray county, is located on Holly creek, about six miles east of Tilton, which is the nearest railway station. 
Holly Creek, a small stream in Murray county, flows into the Oostanaula river, a short distance below Hopewell. On the banks of this creek is a village of the same name, where there was a slight skirmish on March 1, 1865. 
Holly Springs, a village of Cherokee county, is located on the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern railroad, about four miles south of Canton, and in 1900 reported a population of 60. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph service, some mercantile interests, and is a shipping point for a thriving agricultural district. 
Hollywood, a post-hamlet of Habersham county, is a station on the Tallnlah Falls railroad, about five miles northeast of Clarkesville. 
Holmesville, a town which no longer appears upon the map, was made the county seat of Appling county by act of the legislature on Dec. 8, 1828, and was to be located "on the land of one Solomon Kennedy. Subsequently Baxley was made the county seat and the name of Holmesville has been almost forgotten. 
Holsey, Hopkins, was born in Virginia in 1799. He studied law in his native state and. after his admission to the bar settled at Hamilton, Ga., where he held several local offices. He was elected to Congress in 1834 and again in 183G. Subsequently he engaged in the newspaper business at Athens and died at Columbus in 1859. 
 
 304 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Holt, a post-hamlet of Irwin county, is located on the Atlantic 
 
& Birmingham railroad about five miles east of Ocilla. 
 
Holt, Hines, lawyer and legislator, was a native of Georgia. He 
 
received a liberal education, studied law and was admitted to the 
 
bar. In February, 1841, he was elected representative in Con 
 
gress, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Walter T. Col- 
 
quitt, and served until the expiration of the term on March 3, of 
 
the same year. In 1859 he was elected to the state senate, and 
 
upon the establishment of the Confederate government was elected 
 
congressman from the Third district. He also held other posi 
 
tions of trust and responsibility in the service of the state. 
 
Holton, a post-village of Bibb county, is on the Southern rail 
 
road, about ten miles northwest of Macon. It has express and 
 
telegraph offices, some mercantile interests, etc., and in 1900 re 
 
ported a population of 47. 
 
Home, Soldiers'. (See Soldiers Home). 
 
Homer, located a little south of the center of Bank county, of 
 
which it is the county seat, was incorporated by act of the legis 
 
lature in 1859 and its charter \yas amended in 1897. It is several 
 
miles distant from the nearest railroad, a branch of the Southern, 
 
which runs along the western border of the county. Homer has 
 
a population of 221. It has a court house, post office, and several 
 
stores. 
 
: 
 
Homerville, the county seat of Clinch county, is located on the 
 
main division of the Atlantic Coast Line railway system, formerly 
 
known as the Atlantic & Gulf railroad. By act of the general as 
 
sembly in 1852 the town of Magnolia was made the county seat of 
 
Clinch county, the name at that time being changed from "Polk." 
 
In 1860 another act of the legislature authorized the removal of 
 
the county offices to "Station ISkimber Eleven" on the Atlantic & 
 
Gulf railroad, where Homervillewas incorporated in 1869, the char 
 
ter being amended in 1896. The old town of "Magnolia" no longer 
 
appears upon the map, though:: a militia district still retains the 
 
name. Homerville has a money order postomce, with rural free 
 
delivery, express and telegraph ^offices, a bank, several good mer 
 
cantile establishments, a large lumber and naval stores trade, and 
 
a sugar refinery. The population of the town in 1900 was 434 and 
 
of the district 1,039. 
 
;i 
 
Homesteads. (See Exemptions). 
 
Honora, a post-hamlet of Lincoln county, is located in the north 
 
eastern part of the county near the Savannah river. Bordeaux, 
 
S. C., is the nearest railwav station. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
305 
 
Hood, a post-hamlet of Union county, is located about four miles southeast of Blairsville. Culberson, N. C., is the nearest railway station. 
Hood, Milton F., is one of the extensive land-owners and planters of Harris county, is a representative member of the bar, being en gaged in practice in his home city, Hamilton, and also gives a gen eral supervision to his various capitalistic interests. He is mayor of Hamilton at the time of this writing in 1906, and is known as one of the citys most popular and loyal citizens. He was born in Meriwether county, Ga., Nov. 22, 1848, ,a son of Erastus C. and Mary C. (Cochrane) Hood, the former born in Wilkes county, Ga., in December, 1821, and the latter in Jasper County, March 23, 1826. The father died at Greenville, Ga., in July, 1902, though his home at the time was in Hamilton. He was a prominent and influential citizen, honored by all who knew him. He secured his earlier educational training at Whitesville, this state, and later prosecuted the study of medicine in well ordered medical colleges in Augusta, Ga., and Lexington, Ky., being graduated in the latter in stitution. He then engaged in the practice of his profession at Sul phur Springs, now in Meriwether county, Ga., but about 1852 he re moved to Hamilton, where he remained a short time, then passed several years at Columbus, Ga., after which he took up his residence in Florida, where he remained until a few years prior to his death, when he returned to Hamilton and became one of the extensive farmers of Harris county. In the climacteric period leading up to the Civil war he was a member of the Georgia convention which voted for secession. He vigorously opposed the policy but when the state withdrew from the Union he was in every way loyal to the state and to the Confederacy. He was not called into the military service but gave his aid and service freely in support of the cause and to sustaining the soldiers in the field. He was a grandson of John Hood, of Virginia, who served on the staff of General Wayne in the war of the Revolution. Dr. Erastus C. Hood was a member of both the house and senate of the Georgia legisla ture, serving one or more terms in each body. His wife is still living and makes her home Jwith her son Milton F., subject of this sketch, who was second in the family of five children: The eldest is Mrs. C. I. Hudson, of Hamilton; Erastus C. is a resident of Cuba, where he is engaged; in orange culture and truck farming; Mrs. Willie Lewis died in Columbus; and Mrs. Pauline Harrison died in Florida. Milton F. Hood was afforded the advantages of Mercer university, after which he entered the law department of 
20--11 
 
 306 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the University of Virginia, where he practically completed the 
 
course, though he was not graduated. He was admitted to the bar 
 
of Georgia and began the practice of his profession in Hamilton, 
 
where he built up an excellent business, and remained until 1881, 
 
when he removed to Florida; and engaged in the cultivation of 
 
oranges. To this line of industry he gave his attention until 1896, 
 
having been very successful in his efforts, when he returned to 
 
Hamilton, where he gives more or less time to professional work, 
 
also supervising his real-estate and agricultural interests, though 
 
he rents the greater portion of his land. Mr. Hood was afforded 
 
opportunity to manifest his fealty to the cause of the Confederacy, 
 
though he was a mere boy at the time of the inception of the Civil 
 
war. In the latter part of 1861: he became a private in a company 
 
known as the Georgia Cadets, the command becoming a part of the 
 
state troops raised at the time when Sherman instituted his raid 
 
through Georgia. Mr. Hood took part in several skirmishes and 
 
continued in the service until the close of the war, having accompa 
 
nied his command to Savannah;; in advance of Shermans forces. In 
 
politics Mr. Hood is a stalwart in the camp of the Democracy 
 
and both he and his wife hold; membership in the Baptist church. 
 
In February, 1881, he was united in marriage to Miss Annie B. 
 
Welch, daughter of Dr. William and Willie (Wallace) Welch, 
 
the former being one of the prominent physicians of Alabama, 
 
engaged in the practice of his; profession at Talladega. Mr. and 
 
Mrs. Hood have no children. 
 
Horkan, a post-hamlet of Colquitt county, is located about a mile 
 
from the Worth county line. It has some mercantile interests and 
 
in 1900 reported a population of 70. 
 
Hornet's Nest. In that part; of Wilkes county now constituting 
 
the county of Elbert there were a number of Whigs who were 
 
both enthusiastic and vindictive in their hatred of the Tories. 
 
When a Tory was caught the general usage was to find a rope and 
 
a suitable tree, where the life of the unfortunate captive was sum 
 
marily ended. This locality became known as the "Hornets Nest," 
 
because of these conditions. It was in this section that Nancy 
 
Hart lived, (q. v.) 
 
:j 
 
Horrigan, John ]., sheriff of :the city court, Savannah, was born 
 
in this city, Sept. 2, 1868, and is a son of Cornelius and Mary 
 
(Walsh) Horrigan, both native of Ireland, though their marriage 
 
was solemnized in the city of Savannah in 1854. Here the father 
 
died in 1870 and the mother in 1901. They are survived by only 
 
two children, John J. and Ellen, ;-the latter being a resident of Savan- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
307 
 
nah. John J. Horrigan was reared in his native city, attending the public and parochial schools, and at the age of fourteen years secrued employment with the firm of Floyd & Co.,.cotton, mer 
chants, remaining with this concern 
fifteen years, during the last twelve of 
which he was superintendent of the cot 
ton-packing department. While thus en 
gaged he was elected in 1898 to repre 
sent his ward on the board of aldermen, 
and two years later was reflected, hold 
ing both this office and that of sheriff of 
the city court for two years and then 
declining a renomination for the position 
of alderman. In 1900 he was elected 
sheriff of the city court, this being a 
county office, and that his services have been altogether acceptable is shown in the fact that he was chosen as his own successor in 1902 and again in 1904. He is a member of the Savannah chamber of commerce, is a stanch Democrat in politics, is president of Division No. 2, Ancient Order of Hiber nians, a member of the Order of Beavers, and he and his wife are communicants of the Catholic church. On Aug. 2, 1898, Mr. Horri gan was united in marriage to Miss Anna T. Crowley of Savannah, and they have two children Naomi Charlton, born June 18, 1899; and Mary, born March 1, J1901. 
Hortense, a post-village of Wayne county, is located at the junc tion of the Atlantic & Birmingham and the Atlantic Coast Line railroads. It has a good local trade and does some shipping. 
Horticultural Society. On July 14, 1876, a charter was granted to a state horticultural society, which was organized on August 16th following with P. J. -Berkmans, of Augusta, president; J. S. Newman, of Atlanta, secretary; and H. J. Peter, of Macon, treasur er. The membership was divided into stockholders and annual members. The former was to control all matters relating to finan ces. Annual members paid an annual fee of $3.00 and in everything except financial matters they were to have the same privileges as stockholders. Many of the most active horticulturists of the state were included in the membership from the start, and the society has wielded a considerable; influence on the fruit growing interests. 
Horticulture. Strictly speaking horticulture embraces garden ing, or the raising of vegetables; floriculture, or the cultivation of flowers and decorative plants; pomology, or fruit culture; and 
 
 308 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
nursery culture, or the production of fruit bearing plants. In this article reference is made solely to the department of pomology. As a fruit growing state Georgia has made rapid progress in recent years. Through the labors of the Horticultural Society it.has been shown that the soil has a capacity for the production of a large variety of fruits. All through:the northern and central portions are grown apples, peaches, pears, apricots, cherries, plums, grapes, and various kinds of berries, while in the southern part oranges, bananas and pineapples can be produced. But the peach is the leading fruit. According to the commissioner of agriculture there were over 8,500,000 bearing trees in 1903, more than 2,000,000 hav ing been set out in the year 1900 alone. It is safe to say that there were over 10,000,000 at the beginning of the year 1905. As a profitable crop the peach leads .all other fruits. Instances are on record where the profits have been from $120 to $133 per acre from orchards ranging in size from thirty to two hundred acres. Every year, as the crop increases, the Georgia peach finds a wider market and quickly becomes a favorite wherever it is introduced. 
Next to the peach the most important fruit is the apple, which can be produced in all parts of the state. The largest shipments of apples have been made from Rome, Marietta, Cartersville and Dalton. The commissioner of agriculture, in his report for 1901 says: "We have no apple that will grow in South Georgia of such size and flavor as to come into competition with the apples of the North, but may we not develop one? If, when Europe had no beet that would make sugar in paying quantities, scientific agriculture could develop one, may not our horticulturists do the same for the Georgia apple?" According to ithe census of 1900 there were, in round numbers, 3,360,000 apple-trees in the state, with a yield of nearly 700,000 bushels. The same census reported 2,377,000 grape vines, from which were raised 8,330,000 pounds of grapes, the pro duction of wine for the year being nearly 141,000 gallons. In Spalding county is a town named Vineyard, which gives some idea of the grape production in that vicinity. The largest yield reported was in the neighborhood of La Grange, where nine tons of grapes to the acre were gathered from a vineyard of twenty-five acres. 
Of the minor fruit crops there were, in 1900, 385,166 pear-trees, the yield being 49,497 bushels ;: 686,251 plum-trees with 36,920 bushels; 115,092 cherry-trees with 5,950 bushels, and 3,115 apricot trees, many of which were yet too young to bear fruit. Berries of all kinds grow well and the cultivation of the pecan has become quite an industry in recent years. The location of Georgia gives 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
309 
 
her an advantage over California in the cities of the North and East. The fruit can be allowed to ripen more fully on the tree or vine, as it takes but three days to transport it from Georgia to New York, whereas it requires nine days from the Pacific coast, the difference in freight charges being about $150 a car. 
Hoschton, a town of Jackson county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Sept. 19, 1891. The population in 1900 was 290. It is on the Gainesville, Jefferson & Southern railway, has a money order postoffice, with free rural delivery, express and telegraph service, mercantile interests,, and is a shipping point for a consid erable section of the county. 
Hot House, a post-hamlet of Fannin county, is about six miles north of Blueridge. Kyle is the nearest railroad station. 
Houston, a post-village in the southern part of Heard county, is not far from the Troup cqunty line. LaGrange, twelve miles to the southeast, is the nearest railroad station. The population of Houston in 1900 was 70 and it is the trading center of a large farming district. 
Houston County. A county bearing this name was created by act of the Georgia legislature during the session of 1785-86. It was located in what is now northern Alabama. Immediately after the passage of the act about eighty men took possession and elected a member of the general assembly. The settlement was of short duration, however, as the Indian title to the lands had not been extinguished and the hostility of the natives soon drove the wouldbe settlers back to where there were a greater number of their own people. 
The present county of Houston was organized in 1821 and was named for John Houston, governor of the state in 1778. Parts were taken to form the counties of Bibb and Crawford in 1822, part was set off to Pulaski in 1828, and another part was added to Crawford in 1830. It is located in the central part of the state and is bounded on the north by Bibb and Twiggs counties, on the east by Twiggs, on the southeast by Pulaski, on the south by Dooly, on the west by Macon and on the northwest by Crawford. The people of the county are somewhat proud-of the fact that the first justice of the peace was Howell Cobb, afterward a prominent lawyer in Georgia, The Ocmulgee river flows along the eastern border and with its tributaries drains the land. |. The surface is level and the soil is fertile and easily worked, being a sandy loam with clay subsoil. Cotton, potatoes, the several kinds of peas and the cereals are the principal agricultural products. Dairy and truck farms are both 
 
 310 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
numerous and remunerative. Houston county is more extensively engaged in peach culture than any other part of the United States. Apples, pears, plums and cherries are also grown in large quanti ties. From Fort Valley, which is the center of the fruit region, peaches to the value of $1,000,000, and other fruits in proportion, have been shipped in one season. There are several large canning establishments in the county, while some of the fruit farms have plants of their own for handling the crop. The timber supply is small, though some lumber is sawed every year. The principal mineral productions are marl, limestone and a superior quality of kaolin. Transportation facilities are all that could be desired. Two of the principal lines of the Central of Georgia railway form a junction at Fort Valley, a short line of the same system runs from that point to Perry, the Georgia Southern & Florida runs from north to south across the eastern part, one division of the Southern terminates at Fort Valley and another branch of that system runs along the eastern boundary for some distance, being separated from the county by the Ocmulgee river. Fort Valley is the largest city, Perry is the County seat, and Henderson, Powersville, Elko and Wellston are thriving towns. The population in 1900 was 22,641, an increase of 1,028 in ten years. 
Houston, John, second governor of Georgia under the constitu tion of 1777, was a native of the state, having been born at Waynesboro on Aug. 31, 1744, his father, Sir Patrick Houston, being one of those who came over with Oglethorpe. The son received a good education and when the troubles with the mother country arose he was one of the first to assume an aggressive attitude toward the British government. In 1774 he called the first meeting of the band of patriots that organized ;the "Sons of Liberty" in Georgia, and acted as chairman of the meeting. In 1775 and 1776 he was a member of the Continental Congress, and would have been one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence but for the fact that he had been called home from Philadelphia to counteract the influence of John J. Zubly, who had left Philadelphia to work against the declaration. On May 8, 1777, he was appointed a mem ber of the executive council, and;on Jan. 8, 1778, succeeded John A. Treutlen as governor. Savannah was captured by the British dur ing his administration and he was invested by the council with al most dictatorial power, because!; of the unhappy condition of the colony. In 1784 he was again elected governor and was one of the commissioners to the Beaufort convention to settle the boundaries between Georgia and South Carolina. Houston county was named 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
311 
 
in his honor. He died at White Bluff, near Savannah, July 20, 
 
1796. 
 
Houston, Sir Patrick, was one of those who came over with 
 
Oglethorpe and labored assiduously for the upbuilding of the Col 
 
ony of Georgia. He was made the first register of land grants at 
 
a salary of 50 a year, but this was subsequently increased to 
 
100, with fees amounting to 71 additional. He was one of the 
 
witnesses to the .agreement of the Creeks acknowledging Malatche 
 
as their king or mico, made at Frederica on Dec. 14, 1747, and 
 
which led to the famous Bosomworth case. He became a large 
 
landowner near Savannah and his son, John Houston, (q. v.) was 
 
elected governor in 1778. During the Revolution Sir Patrick was 
 
so unfortunate as to incur the displeasure of both the British and 
 
Americans, being one of those denounced by the royalist legislature 
 
convened by Governor Wright, and in May, 1782, was branded as a 
 
Tory by the act of attainder passed by the colonial assembly, the 
 
penalty being banishment and confiscation of his property. The 
 
date of his death is uncertain. 
 
Houston, William, lawyer and patriot, was a son of Sir Patrick 
 
Houston. It is believed thatihe was born in Savannah, but in early 
 
life he went to England, where he studied law and was admitted 
 
to the Inner Temple in 1776. Immediately after this he came back 
 
to Georgia and became an enthusiastic advocate of American lib 
 
erty. He was twice elected:to the Continental Congress and was 
 
one of the trustees that established the University of Georgia. The 
 
date of his death is not recorded. 
 
Howard, a village of Taylor county, is a station on the Central 
 
of Georgia railroad, and in 1900 reported a population of 127. It 
 
has a money order postoffice with free rural delivery, telegraph 
 
and express offices, stores which have a good local trade, and does 
 
some shipping. 
 
\ 
 
Howard, James D., of Milledgeville, ex-member of the state leg 
 
islature and a representative member of the legal profession in 
 
Baldwin county, was born in Jefferson county, Ga., Jan. 17, 1863. 
 
He is a son of Capt. Willis and Martha Matilda (Odon) Howard, 
 
the former a native of Jefferson county and the latter of Mc 
 
Duffie county. Captain Howard, who was a prosperous planter 
 
in McDuffie county, was a captain in the Confederate service dur 
 
ing the Civil war, in which he aided in upholding the high prestige 
 
of his native state in the matter of loyalty and effective and gal 
 
lant service. He died in McDuffie county on Aug. 8, 1900, at the 
 
age of seventy-nine years, honored by all who knew him, and his 
 
 312 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
widow still resides in. that county, at the age of seventy-four years. 
 
(1906). After a due preliminary discipline in the Georgia military 
 
college at Milledgeville, James D. Howard was matriculated in 
 
Mercer university at Macon, where he was graduated as a member 
 
of the class of 1886, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In the 
 
following year he was graduated in the law department of the 
 
University of Georgia and: was duly admitted to the bar of his na 
 
tive state. He forthwith opened an office in Milledgeville, where 
 
he has since been engaged in general practice and where he has 
 
built up an admirable professional business. His political proclivi 
 
ties are indicated in the stalwart adherence he accords to the Dem 
 
ocratic party, and in 1892-3 he represented his county in the state 
 
legislature, where he made an excellent record. From 1900 to 
 
1905 he again held this distinctive honor through the suffrages of 
 
the voters of his county, and during three years of his two terms 
 
of service, he was speaker pro tern of the house, proving an able 
 
presiding officer, and showing great familiarity with parliamentary 
 
rules and practices. He is a stockholder in the Milledgeville Bank 
 
ing Company, is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective 
 
Order of Elks, and he and his wife hold membership in the Baptist 
 
church. He was formerly captain of the Baldwin Blues, the popu 
 
lar military organization of Milledgeville, and served in this office 
 
several years. On Feb. 12, 1894, he was married to Miss Annie 
 
Eugenia Barksdale, who was born and reared in Baldwin county, 
 
and they have three children Willis, born Feb. 10, 1895 ; Eugene, 
 
born July 16, 1901, and James D., Jr., born Jan. 24, 1905. 
 
Howard, William Marcellus, was born in Louisiana in 1857, 
 
though his parents were citizens of Georgia. He attended the Uni 
 
versity of Georgia, studied :law and began practice at Savannah in 
 
1880. In 1884 he was elected solicitor-general of the northern 
 
circuit by the general assembly; was reflected in 1888 and again 
 
in 1892; in 1896 was elected on the Democratic ticket to represent 
 
his district in Congress, and has been reflected to each succeeding 
 
Congress. 
 
; 
 
Howell, a post-village of Echols county, is located on the Georgia 
 
Southern & Florida railroad, near the Lowndes county line. It 
 
has schools, churches, stores that do a good local business, and 
 
is a shipping point for the;; surrounding country. The population 
 
in 1900 was 138. 
 
Howell, Clark, editor-in-chief of the Atlanta Constitution, was 
 
born in Barnwell district, S. C., Sept. 21, 1863. He is a son of Capt. 
 
Evan P. and Julia (Erwin). Howell, the former of Welsh and the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
313 
 
latter of French Huguenot descent. The Howells came from Wales about 1750 and settled in North Carolina, several representa tives of the family serving as soldiers in the Revolutionary war. The paternal great-grandfather of Clark Howell settled in Milton county, Ga., in 1820. Capt. Evan P. Howell was a prominent fig ure in Georgia politics during his life and achieved distinction in the Civil war as the commander of "Howells battery." A sketch of his life appears in this work. Although Clark Howell was born in South Carolina, it was one of the exigencies of war, as his parents home was in Atlanta, his mother being at the time of his birth a refugee from Shermans army, which was then on its march toward Atlanta. After completing the course in the public schools of At lanta he became a student in the University of Georgia at Athens, and graduated with distinction in the spring of 1883. Manifesting a decided talent for journalism, and wielding a pen of force and power, even at that immature age, he went to New York, where he became a reporter on- the Times, and later served another news paper apprenticeship on the Philadelphia Press. In 1884 he re turned to his home in Atlanta and became night editor on the Con stitution, under Henry W. Grady, whose assistant as managing editor he became in 1887, at a time when Mr. Grady was so occu pied as an orator as to be away much of the time. Upon the death of Air. Grady in 1889, Mr. Howell was made managing editor. Before reaching his majority Mr. Howell was nominated for the legislature and elected a few days later. He was reflected in 1888 and again in 1890, and; for the term of 1890-91 was speaker of the house, being the youngest presiding officer in the United States. In 1900 he was elected to the state senate from the Atlanta district; was returned at the next election and for five years served as presi dent of the senate with the unanimous consent of that body. In 1892 he was elected as Georgias member of the Democratic na tional committee, and '-.in 1906 is serving his twelfth year in that capacity. In 1894, at ; the annual convention of the International League of Press clubs, he was unanimously elected president of that representative press organization, succeeding Col. John A. Cockerell, of New York. As a parliamentarian Mr. Howell is ready, concise and skillful; as a speaker he is fluent, eloquent and con vincing; and as a writer he is at once forcible and brilliant. In 1887 he was united in marriage to Miss Hattie Barnett, of Augusta, Ga., and to this union was born one daughter and one son. In 1900 Mr. Howell married Miss Annie Comer, of Savannah, and two sons have been born to this marriasre. 
 
 314 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Howell, Evan P., soldier, journalist and lawyer, was born at 
 
Warsaw, Milton county, Ga., his father having come from North 
 
Carolina about 1820. He was reared on a farm, received an acade 
 
mic education, graduated at the Lumpkin law school in 1859, and 
 
began practice in Washington county. When the war broke out 
 
he enlisted in the First Georgia and served for about a year in 
 
Virginia. A company of artillery was then organized in Washing 
 
ton county, and he was made captain. This organization, known 
 
as Howells battery, began its active service at Fort McAllister, 
 
was in the operations around Vicksburg, at Chickamauga, and was 
 
then with the western army until the end of the war. He then 
 
located in Atlanta and in 1867 became an editorial writer on the 
 
Atlanta Intelligencer, later, becoming city editor. After a short 
 
time in this position he resumed the practice of law, which he con 
 
tinued until 1876, when he bought a half interest in the Constitu 
 
tion, and here he became associated with the late Henry W. Grady. 
 
For three terms he served in the state senate; was one of the com 
 
missioners to build the state capitol; was a delegate to the Demo 
 
cratic national conventions of 1876, 1880 and 1884, and in each of 
 
these conventions was a member of the committee on platform; 
 
has been a director in every railroad built into Atlanta since the 
 
Civil war; was appointed by President McKinley a member of the 
 
commission to investigate the war with Spain, and was called on to 
 
participate in numerous other important functions. He died in 
 
Atlanta in 1905. 
 
; 
 
Howley, Richard, lawyer and governor, was born in Liberty 
 
county about 1740. After;; completing his literary education he 
 
studied law and became a leading member of the Liberty county 
 
bar. In 1780 he was elected governor, but served only a short 
 
time when he was chosen a; delegate to the Continental Congress, 
 
where he remained until he: was made chief justice of Georgia in 
 
1782. He died in December, 1784. 
 
Hubbardsville, a post-village in the southwestern part of Dawson 
 
county, is not far from the Pickens and Cherokee county lines. 
 
The population in 1900 was 32. The nearest railroad station is 
 
Nelson, on the line of the Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern. 
 
Hubert, a post-village in the southeastern part of Bulloch county, 
 
is a station on the Savannah & Statesboro railroad and in 1900 
 
reported a population of 108; It has some mercantile interests and 
 
does considerable shipping, j. 
 
Hubner, Charles W., author and journalist, was born in Balti 
 
more, Md., of German parentage and was educated in Germany, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
315 
 
making a specialty of music and the classics. During the Civil war he served in the Confederate army. After the war he became an editorial writer on the Constitution, the Evening Journal and other Atlanta papers. He has been connected with the Carnegie library in Atlanta ever since its establishment. Some of fiis pro ductions are "Historical Souvenirs of Luther," "Wild Flowers," "The Wonder Stone," "Modern Communism," and "Poems and Essays." His poems are widely read. 
Huching, a post-village of Oglethorpe county is located on the Georgia railway about four miles southwest of Lexington. It has stores which do a good local business and does some shipping. The population in 1900 was 100. 
Huckabee, a village of Harris county, is located about fifteen miles southwest of Hamilton, near the Chattahoochee river. It has a money order postoffice and is a trading center for that part of the county. 
Hudson, Thomas G., of Atlanta, is the incumbent of the important office of commissioner of agriculture of the State of Georgia, and has given a most dis criminating and able administration. He was born in Schley county, Ga., Nov. 3, 1867, and is a son of John N. and Amanda M. Hudson, the former of whom was born in Laurens county, Ga., in April, 1832, and the latter was born in Monroe county, in November of the same year. John N. Hudson served several years as county school commissioner of Schley county and was elected to the state senate in 1878, serving one term. In March, 1862; he enlisted in the Confederate service as a member of Company B, Seventeenth Georgia infantry, in which he held the office of chaplain. Thomas G. Hudson has been iden tified with agricultural pursuits from his youth to the present, having received his educational discipline in the schools of Schley county and in the South Georgia male and female college at Dawson. He is the owner of a valuable landed estate in Schley county .and is one of the most able and progressive representatives of the agricultural industry iii the state. In politics he is an uncompro mising adherent of the Democratic party, and he has been accorded distinctive marks of popular confidence and esteem. He repre sented his county in the lower house of the state legislature in 
 
 316 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
1892-3, in the senate 1896-7, and again in 1902-3 and 4. On Aug. 
1, 1905, Gov. Joseph M. Terrell appointed him to his present office, 
that of state commissioner of agriculture. He and his wife are 
members of the Methodist Episcopal church South. On Nov. 5, 
1889, Mr. Hudson was united in marriage to Miss Katie Royal, 
daughter of Thomas and Josephine (Baisden) Royal, of Schley 
county, and they have two children, Charles Baisden, and Ger 
trude. Huff, a post-village of Gwinnett county, is on the Lawrenceville 
railroad, about half-way between Lawrenceville and Suwanee. T-he population in 1900 was 88. It has some mercantile interests and is a shipping point of some importance for that section of the county. 
Huger, Joseph Alston, one of the representative citizens of Sa vannah and one who stands prominent in business affairs, comes of stanch old Southern stock and is a veteran of the Civil war, in which he rendered yeoman service in defense of the cause of the Confederacy. He was born in Pendleton, Anderson county, S. C., June 15, 1843, and is a son of Dr. Joseph A. and Mary Esther Huger, both of whom were likewise born in South Carolina, the former having been a native of the city of Charleston. Dr. Joseph A. Huger was a skilled physician and surgeon, and also carried on an extensive enterprise as: a rice planter. His father, Daniel Elliott Huger, was a distinguished and influential citizen of the state of South Carolina, a lawyer by profession, served with dis tinction on the circuit bench, and also represented his state in the United States senate. His wife, whose maiden name was Isabella J. Middleton, was a daughter of Arthur Middleton, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. The founder of the Huger family in America was: Daniel Huger, a French Hugenot, who came to this country in 1685, settling in South Carolina, with whose annals the name has ever since been identified, and the family has become linked, throtigh marriages in several generations, with other prominent families of South Carolina, such as Middletons, the Pinckneys, the Rutl$dges and the Blakes. The maiden name of the mother of the subject of this review was Huger, and she and her husband were second cousins. Her brother, Gen. Benjamin Huger, was a distinguished officer in the Confederate service during the Civil war. ; Representatives of the Huger fam ily were found enrolled as patriot soldiers of the Continental line in the war of the Revolution. Joseph A. Huger, received his early educational discipline in boarding schools of North Carolina, where the family had a summer residence, and in a military academy at 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
317 
 
Columbia, S. C., where he was a student at the time of the outbreak of the Civil war. In the summer of 1861, at the age of seventeen years, he withdrew from school to enter the service of the Con federacy, receiving a commission as second lieutenant and later being promoted to first lieutenant. At the close of the war he was in command of a light battery of Georgia regulars, having served during practically the entire course of the great internecine con flict. He took part in the battles of Port Royal and Secessionville, in many skirmishes along the coast from Charleston to Brunswick, and was with the command of Gen. Joseph Wheeler in the opera tions about Atlanta, his battery forming a part of Wheelers artillery until it entered Savannah. At the time of Lees surrender Mr. Huger was with Johnstons army in North Carolina. He never surrendered, having succeeded in making good his escape and returning to his home. Since the war he has given his attention to the rice planting industry, owning and managing the old home stead plantation which .had been owned by both his father and grandfather, the fine old place lying opposite Savannah, in Beaufort county, S. C. He is also president of the company owning and operating the Planters rice mill, in the city of Savannah, and pres ident of the Georgia-Carolina Navigation Company. In politics Mr. Huger gives unqualified allegiance to the Democratic party, but he has never sought or held public office. He is a member of the Savannah board of trade and of the Oglethorpe club. Mr. Huger married Miss Mary Elliott, daughter of Dr. Ralph E. and Margaret (Mackay) Elliott, of Savannah, and the children of this union are five in number.; Eliza Mackay is. the wife of Robert C. Harrison, of Savannah, a nephew of Gen. W. W. Gordon, and the names of the other children are Caroline Pinckney, Emma Middleton, Percival Elliott arid Clermont Kinloch. 
Hughes, a post-village ;of Murray county, is about eight miles east of Redclay, which is: the nearest railroad station. The popu lation in 1900 was 47. 
Hughes, Malcolm D., of Mount Vernon, is a veteran of the Con federate service in the Civil war, an ex-member of the state legis lature and is now mail carrier on rural route No. 2, from Mount Vernon. He is a native of Montgomery county, his birth having here occurred March 30,: 1843. He is a son of Hugh and Rosa (Peterson) Hughes, both:: of whom were born in North Carolina and who passed the closing years of their lives in Montgomery county, Ga., where the father followed the vocation of farming. Three of his sons, including the subject of this sketch, were Con- 
 
 318 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
federate soldiers. One died of typhoid fever while in the army, 
 
and one was captured and paroled, returning home seriously ill 
 
and died soon afterward. Two sons and three daughters survive 
 
the honored parents. Archibald, who was born in 1845, is now 
 
a prosperous farmer of Montgomery 
 
:::::::::::; :::: 
 
couHityj Flora first married John C. Car 
 
penter and after his death became the wife 
 
of Archibald Peterson and they likewise 
 
are ;residents of Montgomery county; 
 
Martha is the wife of Nathan Sharp, who 
 
was ia soldier in the Civil war, and resides 
 
:::s:s::::w:KfSH HHHHHXK::K:::::::: ^ n M olm t Vernon ', and Nancy is the wife 
 
1ii|ii^^^^^B^i-ii^: f George W. Mclntyre, of Montgomery 
 
comity. Malcolm D. Hughes was reared 
 
to manhood in his native county, where 
 
he received a common-school education 
 
and iwas eighteen years of age at the time 
 
of the outbreak of the war between the 
 
states. In 1861 he enlisted :as a private in Company E, 
 
Sixty-first Georgia infantry^ but shortly afterward he con 
 
tracted typhoid fever, on ; which account he received an 
 
honorable discharge, in March, 1862. He remained at home 
 
until the following September, when he enlisted as a member 
 
of Company E, Fourth Georgia infantry, joining his command in 
 
Virginia. He took part in the battle of Warrenton Springs and 
 
in the second battle of the Wilderness, where he received a wound 
 
that necessitated the amputation of his right arm above the elbow. 
 
He was then placed on the retired list of the Confederate service 
 
and s,o remained until the close of the war. Shortly afterward he 
 
was elected tax collector of Montgomery county and retained this 
 
office for fourteen years. In 1883 he engaged in the general-mer 
 
chandise business in Mount Vernon, but retired from the same in 
 
1885. In 1886-7 he represented his county in the state legislature 
 
and in 1896 he was elected tax receiver of Montgomery county, 
 
retaining this position for four years. In 1901 he was appointed 
 
mail carrier on rural route No. 2, in which capacity he has since 
 
continued to give most efficient service, having missed but ten days 
 
in making his regular trips during the entire period of his service. 
 
Mr. Hughes is an uncompromising advocate of the principles and 
 
policies of the Democratic party, is affiliated with the United 
 
Confederate Veterans and is &n elder of the Presbyterian church. 
 
He is well known in Montgomery county and has the high esteem 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
319 
 
of its people, his life having been one 6f signal integrity and honor in all its relations. He is a bachelor. 
Huguenot, a village of Elbert county, is on the Broad river, about five miles from its mouth. It has an international money order postoffice, some mercantile interests, etc., and in 1900 re ported a population of 74. Heardmont is the nearest railroad sta tion. 
Hull, Joseph Maxey, one of the old and honored citizens of Sa vannah and one who rendered valiant service in the cause of the Confederacy during the Civil war, was born on Little York planta tion, Camden county, Ga., Feb. 1, 1823. He is a son of Joseph and Sarah M. (Harclee) Hull, the former of whom was born in St. Augustine, Fla., April 2, 1795, and the latter in Camden county, Ga., Dec. 25, 1800. Joseph Hull came from Florida to Camden county when he was eighteen years of age and his marriage was solemnized in 1818, after which he continued engaged in the plant ing industry in Camden.county, which he represented in the state legislature for a period of six years. He took part in the war of 1812, having been a youth of eighteen years at the time. He was a son of William Hull, who died in St. Augustine, Fla. The latter was taken captive by the Spaniards, and was confined in the old fort at St. Augustine, dying-three clays after his release. His son Joseph was an infant at the time. Sarah M. (Hardee) Hull was a daughter of Maj. John Hays Hardee, an officer in the War of 1812, and a sister of Gen. William J. Hardee, who commanded a corps in Johnstons army during the Civil ::war, and who was the author of that authoritative military publication known as Hardees Tac tics. Col. Joseph M. Hull, the immediate subject of this review.was reared and educated in Camden county, Ga., and at the outbreak of the Civil war was a resident of Suwanee county, Fla. He was elected and commissioned: to command the Thirteenth regiment of Florida militia prior to the war, and nearly all of his command enlisted in the Confederate service when the great conflict between the states was finally inaugurated. Colonel Hull joined Captain Niblacks company, which became a part of General Gardners brigade, but he remained;in the army only a few months, Gover nor Milton, of Florida, having made requisition for his service as a member of his staff, in which connection he assisted in caring for the families of the soldiers in the field, issuing rations, etc. During the war he also engaged in manufacturing salt barrels for the use of the Confederate government, the salt being manufactured from the water of the Gulf of Mexico, and he had teams employed 
 
 320 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
in transferring blockade goods from the Suwanee river to the rail road station, for the use of the government. Colonel Hull was a successful planter in Florida,: where he was also engaged in the mercantile business for a time, and was part owner of a saw mill, near Jacksonville, that state,: after the war. He has maintained his home in the city of Savannah since 1891, and is held in high regard by all who know him. In politics he was originally an oldline Whig, but since the dissolution of that party he has been a stanch advocate of the principles of the Democratic party. He has long been a member of the Presbyterian church, and is at the pres ent time a ruling elder in the;Independent Presbyterian church of Savannah. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Royal Arcanum. On Sept. 28, 1846, Colonel Hull was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Blue, daughter of Maj. James and Mary (McDonald) Blue, of Darien, Ga., and the names of their children, with respective dates of birth, are as follows: James Blue, Aug. 14, 1847; Joseph, July 26, 184ft; Mary E., Aug. 20, 1853; Alexander B., Aug. 9, 1857; and Robert M., Dec. 26, 1863. Three of Colonel Hulls brothers sacrificed their lives in the Confederate cause dur ing the Civil war. Capt. Oliver Perry Hull was killed in the battle of Corinth, Miss.; Maj. Robert Newton Hull was killed in South Carolina, while his command was following Shermans army; and First Lieut. Henry R. Hull died shortly after the battle of Leesburg, Va. 
Hull, Robert M., who is one of the leading fire-insurance agents of Savan nah,;: was born on the old homestead plan tation, in Suwanee county, Fla., Dec. 25, 1863; and is a son of CoL Joseph M. and Mary (Blue) Hull, of whom mention is made in an article preceding this sketch. Col.!:Robert Maxey Hull secured excel lent :;educational advantages in his youth, having attended Paris Hill academy, in Screven county, Ga., the Scudder pre paratory school, at Athens, and the Uni versity of Georgia. In initiating his bus iness career he became a clerk in a cotton warehouse in Savannah and later was a clerical employe in the office of a cotton factor : of the city. From 1885 to 1887 he was bookkeeper and cashier in a wholesale grain and grocery house, and on August 7, of the latter year he entered into partnership with William D. Dearing and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
321 
 
engaged in the fire-insurance business, under the firm name of Bearing & Hull. This firm continued in business for fifteen years and became one of the leading concerns of the sort in the South. On Aug. 1, 1902, the partnership was dissolved by mutual consent and Colonel Hull has since continued individually and indepen dently in the same line of enterprise, retaining the offices of the old firm and controlling a large and important business. He also devotes subordinate attention to dealing in real estate, and is the sole agent for the Remington typewriters in Savannah. He is a member of the directorate of the Germania bank, of Savannah. In politics he is a stanch Democrat, and served one term as alderman and one term as fire commissioner of the city. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Savannah cham ber of commerce, the Oglethorpe club and the Savannah Yacht club. While a student in.the University of Georgia he was a cadet, and later served one year as a private in the Savannah Volunteer Guards. For five years he was a member of the Georgia Hussars, of Savannah, and was a colonel on the staff of Hon. Alien D. Candler during the latters four years term as governor of the state. On April 9, 1891, Colonel Hull was united in marriage to Miss Min nie A. Macleod, daughter of Richard and Julia (Law) Macleod, of Savannah, and to this union have been born seven children, of whom three are living, viz.: Richard Macleod, Albert Lamar and Nannie Mercer. The names of the four deceased children were Robert M., Jr., Julia and iiMinnie (twins), and Ellen Axson. 
; Hulsey, William H., one of Atlantas : well known and highly honored citizens, : is a veteran member of the bar of the : capital city, has represented Fulton coun: ty in the state legislature, was mayor of : Atlanta in 1869, and is one of Georgias : valiant sons who went forth as a soldier iof the Confederacy in the war between : the states. To him should be accorded lasting distinction for the able and sucI. cessful efforts which he put forth in ef fecting the founding of the public-school : system of Atlanta, and his name will be indissolubly associated with this great work in all future annals of the fair capital of the: Empire state of the South. Mr. Hulsey was born in Dekalb county, Ga., Oct. 1, 1838, and is a son of Eli 
21-11 
 
 322 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
J. and Charlotte (Collier) Hulsey, the former of whom was born in Jasper county, Ga., and the latter in Dekalb county. Mr. Hul sey was afforded the advantages of the common schools but his broad and liberal education, both academic and professional, has been acquired almost entirely through his own efforts outside the school room or college. He was admitted to the bar in 1859 but did not give much attention to the active work of his profession until after the close of the Civil war. He was among the first to respond to the call for defenders of the cause of the Confederacy, and in April, 1861, enlisted as a private in Company F, Sixth Geor gia infantry. He took part in the battle of Big Bethel, but was not with his regiment at the time, nor did the regiment participate in any battle during the period he was with it. Soon after his enlist ment he was made first lieutenant of Company F, but early in 1863 he resigned his office returning to his home in April of that year, and in the same month was elected major of the Forty-second Geor gia infantry, with which command he continued in service until the close of the war. He was with his regiment in the battle of Tazewell, Tenn., the engagement at Cumberland Gap, the Kentucky campaign, in all of the battles in and around Vicksburg, Miss., in all of the battles of the Georgia ^campaign from Dalton to Resaca, in the engagement at which lat|er point he was wounded, and in the battles in and about Atlanta^ his regiment being also engaged in the battles of Franklin and Nashville, Tenn., in which latter he was again wounded. He was promoted to lieutenant-colonel and at the close of the war was ranking officer of the Forty-second Geor gia regiment. After the war hel took tip his residence in Atlanta, closely identifying himself with the rebuilding of the prostrate city and becoming one of the leading members of its bar. He has here continued in the active practice of his profession during the long intervening years and his name is one honored by all classes of citizens. He is a conservative and unfaltering advocate of the principles and policies of the Democratic party, in whose cause he has rendered effective servic$. He was solicitor-general of the Coweta circuit for two years, when he was removed by Governor Bulloch, his retirement being caused for political reasons. In 1869 he was elected mayor of Atlanta, and within his administration was founded the present public-school system of the city a work in which he took the deepest interest and which he undoubtedly did more to promote than did any sother one man. He reverts with distinctive pride and satisfaction to his efforts in this connection and is fully justified in the attitude which he thus assmues. He 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
323 
 
was twice elected to the state legislature from Fulton county, served as a member of the city council for several terms and in 1896 was elected judge of the court of ordinary of Fulton county, in which office he served one term. He is a Master Mason, a member of the United Confederate Veterans, and he and his wife hold membership in the Methodist Episcopal church South. On April 26, 1865, was solemnized the marriage of Colonel Hulsey to Miss Marion J. Bateman, daughter of Claiborne and Sarah M. (Jordan) Bateman, of Monroe county, Ga., and they have seven children, Eli B., William E., Hallie A., Marion B., Fred W., Eula, and Luther J. 
Humber, a post-hamlet of Stewart county, is almost due west of Lumpkin, and about half-way between that town and the Chattahoochee river. 
Humphreys, a town in the northwestern part of Clinch county, is located on the Atlantic Coast Line railroad, about seven or eight miles west of Dupont junction. The population in 1900 was 247. It has express and telegraph service, some mercantile interests and is a shipping point of some importance. 
Humphries, John William, of Buchanan," is the able and honored incumbent of the office of treasurer of Haralson county and one of the sterling veterans of the Confederate service in the war be tween the states. He was born in Coweta county, Ga,, Dec. 13, 183G, and is a son of John T. B. and Sarah (Brock) Humphries, the former of whom was born in South Carolina, in 1816, and the latter in Coweta county, Ga., in 1818. John Humphries, grandfather of the sub ject of this review, passed his entire life in South Carolina. John T; B. Humphries came to Georgia when a youth and settled in Coweta county, where he continued to reside until his death, in 1851. He was a farmer by vocation and served in the Creek Indian war, under Captain Greer, of Newnan. Alien Gay, great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, in the mater nal line, was a soldier in the Continental army during the war of the Revolution. Mr. Humphries maternal grandfather and one of the sons of the latter were likewise in service in the Creek Indian war, and two uncles, David C. Humphries and Wesley Duncan, were Confederate soldiers in the Civil war. John W. Humphries 
 
 324 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
was afforded the advantages, of the common schools of Coweta 
 
county, and after the death of ;his father he largely assumed the re 
 
sponsibilities of caring for the., family, being the eldest of the chil 
 
dren. He was married in the; year 1858 and took up his residence 
 
in Fulton county on a farm, which had been given to his wife by 
 
her father. In the summer of 1861 he enlisted as a private in Com 
 
pany A, Third Georgia volunteer infantry, being promoted to 
 
corporal. He served six months when he received an honorable 
 
discharge and returned to his home. In April, 1862, he reenlisted, 
 
becoming a member of Company A, Ninth Georgia battalion of 
 
light artillery, in which he took part in the battles of Chickamauga 
 
and the engagements at Sweetwater, Knoxville, Beans Station, 
 
Rogersville, Winchester and Appomattox Court House. He was 
 
captured with his command at Lincolnton, N. C., and was there 
 
paroled at the close of the war. He then returned to his plantation, 
 
in Fulton county, where he continued to reside until 1874, when 
 
he sold the property and removed to Haralson county. Here he 
 
purchased another plantationjwhich he still owns and upon which 
 
he continued to reside until 1902, when he was elected treasurer 
 
of the county and removed to Buchanan, where he still remains 
 
in tenure of this responsible office, having handled the fiscal affairs 
 
of the county with much discrimination and acceptability. He was 
 
bailiff of the district court in Fulton county for six years and. since 
 
coming to Haralson county he lias served as notary public. He 
 
is a member of the United Confederate Veterans, is a stanch sup 
 
porter of the principles of the Democratic party, and both; he and 
 
his wife are zealous members of the Primitive Baptist church. 
 
On Feb. 25, 1858, Mr. Humphries was united in marriage ;to Miss 
 
Rhoda C. Herring, daughter :pf Joel and Easter : (Cheatam) Her 
 
ring, of Fulton county, and following is a brief record coricerning 
 
the children of this union: ipr. Robert D. is successfully estab 
 
lished in the practice of his ;:profession in the state of Alabama; 
 
Sarah Charlotte Henry died at the age of thirty-six years; Esther 
 
Waldrop died at the age of thirty-five years; John William died at 
 
the age of three months; Rhoda Caroline is the wife of Joseph W. 
 
Dean, of Haralson county; Mary Elizabeth is the wife of A. R. 
 
White, of Alabama; Martha Frances is the wife of W. H. Garner, 
 
of Haralson county; and Thomas D. and Amanda also reside in this 
 
county. 
 
; 
 
Hunt, a post-hamlet of Towns county, is about half-way between 
 
Hiawassee and the North Carolina line. Murphy, N. C., is the most 
 
convenient railroad station. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
325 
 
Hunter, Wright, head of the brokerage 
 
firm of Hunter & Co., Savannah, and 
 
vice-president of the Savannah cotton 
 
exchange, was born at Louisville, Jeffer 
 
son county, Ga., Feb. 12, 1868. He is a 
 
son of Edward H. W. and Susan A. 
 
Hunter, the former of whom was born in 
 
Louisville, Ga., Oct. 13, 1822, and the 
 
latter in Summerfield, Ala., March 12, 
 
; 1834. They are now both deceased. 
 
Wright: Hunter availed himself of the 
 
advantages of the public schools of his 
 
native town and then entered Vanderbilt 
 
university, Nashville, Tenn., in which institution he was graduated 
 
on Feb. 24, 1886, receiving the degree of Graduate of Pharmacy. 
 
Two years later he located in Savannah, making this city his heiad- 
 
quarters for the ensuing six years, during which he traveled through 
 
the South Atlantic states as salesman for a large fertilizer factory. 
 
He then associated himself with a prominent ship-brokerage con 
 
cern in Savannah, remaining with the same four years, at the ex 
 
piration of which, on July 15, 1899, he organized the firm of Hunter 
 
& Co., of which he has since been the executive head, the firm con 
 
trolling a large business in cotton and freight. He is vice-president 
 
of the Savannah cotton :Cxchange; is a director of the Chatham 
 
bank, of Savannah; a member of the New Orleans cotton exchange; 
 
is identified with the Savannah Yacht club and the Oglethorpe 
 
club; and is an honorary member of the Savannah Volunteer 
 
Guards. The following estimate concerning him was published in 
 
connection with an article in a local periodical: "He has always 
 
taken a keen interest in local affairs, and identified himself with all 
 
movements looking to the citys advancement." His political faith 
 
is that represented in the principles of the Democratic party. In 
 
1894 Mr. Hunter was united in marriage to Miss Edith ODriscoll, 
 
daughter of Francis C. and Belle (Cohen) ODriscoll, of Savannah, 
 
and they have three sons; Harold ODriscoll, John H., and Francis 
 
C. Hunter. 
 
: 
 
Huntington, a post-village of Sumter county, is on the Seaboard 
 
Air Line railway, about:: six miles southeast of Americus. The 
 
population in 1900 was 43. It has an express office, some stores, 
 
etc., and does some shipping. 
 
Huntsville, a post-village of Paulding county, is about ten miles 
 
north of Dallas, which is ; the most convenient railroad station, and 
 
 32g 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
in 1.900 reported a population of 51. It is a short distance west of Pumpkinvine creek and is a trading center for a large district in 
 
that part of the county. In the spring of 1864, as the Federal and Confederate armies were maneuvering for positions around Dallas, there was some sharp skirmishing on several occasions around 
 
Huntsville. Huron, a post-hamlet of Putnam county, is on Murder creek, 
about six miles south of Willard, which is the nearest railroad sta 
 
tion. Hurst, a post-hamlet in the eastern part of Fannin county, is 
 
about ten miles from Blueridge, which is the most convenient rail 
 
road station. 
 
Hurt, John Wesley, M. D., a represen 
 
tative physician and surgeon of the city 
 
of Atlanta and a scion of families early 
 
settled in Georgia, was born in Colum bus, ;Muscogee county, Sept. 27, 1859. 
 
He, is a son of George M. Troup Hurt 
 
and Nannie Jones (Flewellen) Hurt, the former born in Putnam county, Ga., Oct. 
 
8, 18f 5, and the latter in Warren county, 
 
in 1830. Their marriage was solemnized, in Columbus, Ga., Oct. 15, 1851. The 
 
Doctors maternal grandfather, Dr. Abner Flewellen, was a prominent physi cian of his day and like all southern gentlemen of his time had plan tation interests of very considerable scope, in Warren county. He passed the closing years of his life in Columbus. George M. Troup Hurt was a son of Joel and Martha (Herndon) Hurt and in early manhood took up his residence in Columbus, where his marriage was solemnized, as noted above. He continued his residence in Columbus up to the time of the Civil war, having been a successful cotton planter. During the war he served as a loyal soldier of the Confederacy and also rendered financial assistance to the cause so dear to all true southerners. ;At the close of the war, his slaves, all having been freed, he removed to Edgewood, Fulton county, near Atlanta, where he rebuilt: his summer home, which had been destroyed at the time of the battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, and the house is commonly mentioned in the various historical compilations covering the Civil war period1: as the "Hurt house." For several years Mr. Hurt was prominent in the cotton business in Atlanta. In 1876 he removed to Cobb county and again became a planter. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
327 
 
He had gifts of a high order and would have filled with distinction 
 
positions of prominence in connection with affairs of church or 
 
state, but he chose rather to exemplify in his life and labors the 
 
practical and useful in the home and every-day associations, rather 
 
than to seek public trusts or office. He died in 1901, his wife hav 
 
ing passed away in 1865. Dr. John W. Hurt secured his initiatory 
 
educational training in Edgewood, where he had as instructors 
 
such able educators as Charlse Neal and Hon. William J. Northen, 
 
the latter of whom later became governor of the state. He received 
 
his professional training in the old Atlanta medical college, in which 
 
he was graduated with honor as a member of the class of 1884, 
 
receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine. After his graduation 
 
he entered the practice of his profession in Cobb county, where 
 
he remained several years, building up a prosperous business. He 
 
then went to the city of New York and took a post-graduate course 
 
in the New York polyclinic, also acting as interne in the New York 
 
lying-in hospital, from each of which institutions he received a 
 
diploma. After his return from the national metropolis he sought 
 
a broader field of endeavor and located in the city of Atlanta, where 
 
he has since remained in practice, having built up a very sucessful 
 
business in the work of his chosen profession. He is a member of 
 
the Fulton county medical society, the Georgia state medical asso 
 
ciation and the American medical association. In politics he gives 
 
an unqualified support to the Democratic party. He is an ap 
 
preciative member of theitime-honored Masonic fraternity, being at 
 
present affiliated with Piedmont Lodge, No. 447 Free and Accepted 
 
Masons, of Atlanta, and ia past master of Nelms Lodge, No. 323, 
 
.at Smyrna, Ga. His religious faith is that of his forefathers, as 
 
he is a zealous and devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal 
 
church South, with which he has been identified since he was a lad 
 
of ten years. He has been a steward of the church for twenty 
 
years, and is at the present time a member of the board of stewards 
 
of St. Marks church, in Atlanta. In January, 1895, was solemnized 
 
the marriage of Doctor Hurt to Mrs. Mary (Keith) McWhorter, 
 
daughter of Captain Jasper L. and Rachel (Ramsey) Keith, of 
 
Atlanta. They have no ;: children. His wife died very suddenly 
 
on Nov. 7, 1905. 
 
; 
 
Hutcheson, Edward B.; M. D., of Buchanan, is numbered among 
 
the prominent and popular representatives of the medical profes 
 
sion in Haralson county,: where he has met with splendid success 
 
in the work of his exacting vocation. He was born in Draketown, 
 
that county, Nov. 18, 1857, a son of Dr. Robert B. and Ellen 
 
 328 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
(Hogue) Hutcheson, the farmer born in Henry county, and the latter in Paulding county, Ga.; Dr. Robert B. Hutcheson was a son of John Hutcheson, a contractor and builder by vocation, who came from North Carolina to Georgia and located in Henry county, where he remained for a number of years, after which he removed to Paulding county, where lie passed the remainder of his life. Robert B. Hutcheson was bora; in December, 1824, and died July 29, 1905, in Draketown, where; his widow still maintains her home. He secured an education through his own efforts, and was a man of high intellectual and professional attainments. He prepared himself for the medical profession and began the practice of the same in Paulding county, shortly afterward removing to Draketown, where he continued in active ;and successful practice until within a short time prior to his death. To him was accorded the unre served esteem of all who knew him and he was prominent and in fluential in public affairs. He was a delegate to the Bullock con stitutional convention, in 1865,; and represented Haralson county in the state legislature two. terms! He was twice married, the maiden name of his first wife having been Statham, and she was survived by two sons John R. and James T. Following is a brief record concerning the children of the second marriage: Frank M. was the first born and the subject of ;this sketch the second; Mary S. -is unmarried; Sally is the wife of Dr. Frank Golden, of Draketown; Martha is the widow of J. Wi Biggers and resides in Draketown; Amanda is the wife of J. M. Henry, of that place; and Robert H. is a resident of Marietta, Cobb; county. Dr. Edward B. Hutcheson, whose name initiates this article, secured his early educational dis cipline in the schools of Draketown. He then took up the study of medicine under the able preceptorship of his honored father and continued his technical course ;in the Atlanta College of Physicians and .Surgeons, where he was a student in 1886-7. He then began practice as an associate of his:- father and finally again entered the Atlanta College of Physicians and Surgeons, in which he was\graduated as a member of the class;of 1591, receiving his degree of. Doc tor of Medicine. In April of that year he took up his residence in Buchanan, where he has since been engaged in general practice and where he has built up a large; and lucrative professional business. He is a member of the Medical; Association of Georgia and is a close student of the best standard i;and periodical literature pertaining to his profession. He is identified with the Masonic fraternity and with both the lodge and encampment of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. In local affairs Doctor Hutcheson is a supporter 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
329 
 
of the Democratic party, but where national issues are involved he exercises his franchise in support of the Republican party. In 1900 he was elected to represent his county in the state legislature, in which he served three successive terms. He made an admirable record as a legislator and served as a member of various important committees, including those on education, state penitentiary and special judiciary. He and his wife are members of the Baptist church. On Dec. 24, 1881, Doctor Hutcheson was united in mar riage to Miss Georgia Newton, daughter of Robert M. and Eliza beth (Meadows) Newton, of Whitesburg, Carroll county. They have four children, whoSe names, with respective years of birth, are as follows: Chester ; A., 1882; Elsie, 1885; Arleigh, 1888; and Dewey, 1892. Chester A. married Miss Zora Holcomb, and they have three children Arinis, Ruby and Catherine. Elsie is the wife of E. Homer Hanbyj principal of the high school at Buchanan. 
Hutcheson, John B., a leading citizen ; and prominent attorney of Ashburn, was : born in the city of Jonesboro, Clayton ^ county, Ga., Nov. 20, 1860. He is a. son ; of Leander C. and Julia A. (Sims) ; Hutcheson, the former of whom was : born in Blount county, Tenn., June 19, : 1820, and the latter in Meriwether coun ty, Ga., Sept. 26, 1841. The paternal : grandfather, Furney Hutcheson, was a ? soldier in the Indian war of 183G. In : 1860 Leander C. Hutcheson was elected : sheriff of Clayton county on the Whig ticket, and he retained this office for six consecutive terms of two years each, except the last year, when he was removed because he was holding the position :under the rule of the Confederate States, whose control of civic affairs had been terminated with the close of the Civil war. During that war he was first lieutenant in the Home Guards of the state militia for a few months. In 1872-73 he represented Clayton county in the state legislature and in 1886 he was again elected to the office of county sheriff. He was four times reflected, making a total of twenty-two years tenure of the shrievalty of Clayton county. His elections to office after the war were on the Democratic ticket, as he was a stanch advocate of the principles of that party from the time of the Civil war to his death, at the venerable age of-eighty-three years. John B. Hutcheson secured his educational training in the Jonesboro high school and 
 
 .330 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the University of Georgia. Until he attained his legal majority he 
 
was identified with farm work. While attending the university 
 
he taught in the common schools during his vacations, thus earn 
 
ing the means to defray his expenses for two years, supplementing 
 
this by taking contracts for improving the streets of his home city. 
 
In 1884 he assumed editorial control of the Jonesboro News and 
 
continued in this position until 1886, meanwhile devoting himself 
 
.assiduously to the study of law. On March 1, 1886, he was admitted 
 
to the bar of Clayton county and since Jan. 1, 1888, he has been ac 
 
tively engaged in the practice of his profession, in which he has 
 
been very successful. He is recognized as a conscientious, pains 
 
taking attorney one who uses every honorable means to protect 
 
the interests of his clients, while at the same time observing the 
 
ethics of the profession, thus maintaining a high standing at the bar 
 
and winning the approbation of the bench and the general public. 
 
Politically Mr. Hutcheson is an: unswerving Democrat and is al 
 
ways ready to defend his views. In 1896 he was alternate presiden 
 
tial elector for the Fifth Congressional district; has been active in 
 
state and local politics for the past twenty years, and until his re 
 
moval to Ashburn was a member: of the Democratic state executive 
 
committee for his district. In 1897 he was elected mayor of Jones 
 
boro, his administration being marked by progressive ideas, but 
 
always within conservative bounds. In October, 1904, he was 
 
-elected solicitor for the city court of Jonesboro for a term of four 
 
years. Upon the formation of Turner county by the legislative 
 
session of 1905, Mr. Hutcheson removed his citizenship from 
 
Jonesboro to Ashburn, the county seat of the new county, in De 
 
cember of that year, and in his.; new field he has already won a 
 
firm foothold in his chosen profession. He is prominent in Masonic 
 
circles being a past-master of Jonesboro Lodge, No. 87, Free and 
 
Accepted Masons; a member of Forest Park Chapter, No. 70, Royal 
 
Arch Masons, of Couer de Lecjn Commandery, No. 4, Knights 
 
Templars; and a member of Yaafab Temple, Nobles of the Mystic 
 
Shrine. On June 30, 1903, Mr. Hutcheson was united in marriage 
 
to Mrs. Rebecca Shephard Mann; daughter of Capt. James M. and 
 
Celia (Locklin) Shephard, of Atlanta. They have no children. 
 
He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church 
 
South. 
 
; 
 
Hutton, John A., junior member of the firm of Braid & Hutton, 
 
general printers and publishers, with headquarters at Nos. 10 and 
 
12 Whitaker street, Savannah, was born Feb. 13, 1863, in Aberdeen- 
 
shire, Scotland, where also were-born his parents, John and Mar- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
331 
 
garet (Alexander) Hutton, both scions of stanch old Scottish 
 
stock. In 1867 the parents came to America, and resided for a 
 
number of years in the vicinity of Columbus, Ga., where John A. 
 
was reared to maturity, receiving his early educational training 
 
in the schools of that place. On Oct. 1, 1877, he entered the em 
 
ploy of Thomas Gilbert, of Columbus, and served a thorough ap 
 
prenticeship at the printing business. In March, 1882, he came to 
 
Savannah, where he was identified with the work of his trade, in 
 
various capacities, until Sept. 1, 1890, when he entered into part 
 
nership with William E. Braid, with whom he has since been as 
 
sociated under the firm title of Braid & Hutton. The firm have a 
 
finely equipped and thoroughly modern plant and have built up a 
 
large business, doing all kinds of high-grade commercial printing 
 
and also general publishing. On March 6, 1883, the subject of this 
 
review enlisted as a private in Company A, Savannah volunteer 
 
guards, of the Georgia state troops, in which organization he was 
 
promoted corporal on June 6, following. On Feb. 12, 1884, he was 
 
chosen sergeant; May 14,1888, became first sergeant; Sept. 10, 
 
1900, was promoted second lieutenant; April 15, 1901, became first 
 
lieutenant; and on Oct. 12, 1903, was raised to the captaincy of his 
 
company, an office of which he is now the able and popular incum 
 
bent, his command being now designated as Company A, First 
 
battalion of heavy artillery, Georgia National Guard. Captain Hut- 
 
ton is affiliated with Landrum Lodge, No. 48, Free and Accepted 
 
Masons; Oglethorpe Lodge, No. 1, Independent Order of Odd Fel 
 
lows ; Forest City Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and holds member 
 
ship in the Presbyterian church. On Jan. 22, 1895 he was united 
 
in marriage to Miss Lucy T; Quinan, daughter of Michael T. and 
 
Winifred (Maloney) Quinan, of Savannah, and they have four 
 
children: John A., Jr., born Aug. 13, 1896; Eleanor, born Sept. 
 
29, 1898; Herbert, born Dec. 29, 1904; and Philip W., born Oct. 
 
27, 1905. 
 
; 
 
Huxford, a post-village of Coffee county, is on the Atlantic Coast 
 
Line railroad, not far from the Ware county line. The population 
 
in 1900 was 30. It has a small local trade and does some shipping. 
 
Hyacinth, a post-hamlet in the central part of Wilcox county, 
 
is about seven miles west of Bowens Mill, which is the nearest 
 
railroad station. 
 
Hybert, a post-hamlet of Clinch county, is twelve miles south 
 
east of Homerville, which is: the nearest railroad station. 
 
Hyde, a post-hamlet of \V:ilkes county, is about ten miles north 
 
of Washington, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
 
 332 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
I 
 
Ice, a post-hamlet of Pierce county, is 011 the Atlantic Coast 
 
Line railroad about six or seven miles northeast of Blackshear. 
 
Its population was reported as being 50. in 1900. 
 
Ichawaynochaway River. The source of this stream is in the 
 
extreme southeastern corner of Stewart county, whence it flows in 
 
a southerly direction, forming for some distance the boundary 
 
between Randolph and Terrell. counties, then through Calhoun and 
 
Baker until it empties into the Chickasawhachee, not far from the 
 
village of Gaston. Its total length is about sixty miles. 
 
Ichawaynochaway Swamp. In Randolph county, near the east 
 
ern border, is a lowland by this name. On July 25, 1836, during the 
 
war with the Creek Indians, a sharp engagement took place at this 
 
swamp between some 300 Indians and a small force of white men 
 
commanded by Major Jernigan. In the first battle, which lasted 
 
about fifty minutes, the whites lost three killed and seven wounded. 
 
The Creeks had the advantage^ both in numbers and position, and 
 
Jernigan ordered his men to fall back to better ground, about one 
 
hundred and fifty yards in the rear, where he waited for the sav 
 
ages to renew the attack. But the Indians evidently knew their 
 
advantage and declined to come out of the swamp. During the 
 
night they abandoned their position and retreated southward. The 
 
next day Jernigan pursued them until sunset, being reinforced by 
 
additions which swelled his force to 300 men. On the 27th General 
 
Welborn arrived with more troops and he was placed in command. 
 
About noon the Indians were overtaken near the confluence of 
 
Turkey creek and the main branch of the Ichawaynochaway, and 
 
after a fight of forty-five minutes were completely routed. The 
 
whites lost three killed and thirteen wounded. The Indian loss 
 
was not ascertained. Eighteen were found dead, some of them 
 
three miles from the field of battle. 
 
Ida, a Confederate steamer, hvas a boat that plied between the 
 
city of Savannah and the Confederate batteries of Fort Beaure- 
 
gard, Greenwich and Thunderbolt. It was captured by the Federal 
 
fleet on Dec. 10, 18C4, while thesland forces were being drawn about 
 
the city. 
 
:: 
 
Inaha, a town in the western part of Irwin county, is on the 
 
Georgia Southern & Florida railroad, and in 1900 reported a popu 
 
lation of 141. The former namfe of the place was Emerald. 
 
Independent Troop of Liberty County. In September, 1788, a 
 
meeting was held at Medway Church, at which it was resolved to 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
333 
 
raise immediately a body of light horse troops for the defense of 
 
the county. No further mention is made of the company until 
 
about 1791, when Michael Rudolph was elected captain, John 
 
Whitehead, first lieutenant, and John Croft, second lieutenant. 
 
The company was supported by voluntary contributions, the cap 
 
tain receiving 13 a year, the first lieutenant 8, the second 7, 
 
the two sergeants 4 each, and the forty privates 2 each. The 
 
troop was known as the "Horse Company," and rendered efficient 
 
service in the movements of the time against the Indians. During 
 
the War of 1812 it was on duty part of the time in Darien, remain 
 
ing there until the latter part of June, 1815, and under different 
 
commanders the organization was maintained until the beginning 
 
of the War of 1861. 
 
Indianola, a post-hamlet of Lowndes county, is located on the 
 
Atlantic Coast Line railroad, about seven miles northeast of 
 
Valdosta. 
 
Indian Springs, a town of Butts county, is situated in the forks 
 
of Sandy creek, a short distance west of Flovilla, with which place 
 
it is connected by a short line of railroad. The population in 1900 
 
was 299. The town takes its name from the famous sulphur 
 
springs there and is a fashionable resort for persons who go there 
 
to profit by the healing properties of the water. A treaty was 
 
made at these springs in 1825, which led to the death of General 
 
Mclntosh, the celebrated llndian chief. The town has a money 
 
order postoffice and some mercantile interests, but the springs are 
 
the chief attraction. 
 
; 
 
Indian Treaties. Within the boundaries of Georgia, as fixed by 
 
the original charter, were four great tribes of Indians the Creeks, 
 
Cherokees, Choctaws and Chickasaws. Of these the last two were 
 
so far away to the westward that they never came in contact with 
 
the whites during the colonial period. The Cherokee country was 
 
more than two hundred miles from the first settlements on the 
 
Savannah river and it was: several years before any relations were 
 
either sought or established with them. The first treaties were 
 
therefore with the Creeks,i who inhabited all the southern, central 
 
and eastern portions of the province. On May 21, 1733, General 
 
Oglethorpe met the head men of the Creek nation at Savannah and 
 
entered into an agreement with them by which the whites were 
 
to sell certain goods to the Indians at fixed prices, and to make 
 
restitution to them for any injuries that might be inflicted by the 
 
settlers. On the other hand the Indians agreed that the trustees 
 
of the colony should have :the privilege of settling upon and using 
 
 334 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the lands which the nation did not want for its own use; pledged 
 
themselves to give no encouragement to any other white men to 
 
settle there; not to rob or molest the settlers sent by the trustees, 
 
and to "keep the talk in their heads as long as the sun shines and 
 
water runs." 
 
: 
 
August 21, 1739. On this date a treaty was made at Coweta* 
 
town between General Oglethorpe and the chiefs of the Creeks, 
 
Cherokees and Chickasaws. It was merely an agreement on the 
 
part of the Creeks to keep peace with England during the troubles, 
 
with Spain, and a recognition on the part of the other tribes of the 
 
Creek claim to all the lands! lying between the Savannah and. 
 
St. Johns rivers and extending west to the Appalachee bay and 
 
the mountains. 
 
November 10, 1763, a treaty was negotiated at Augusta, five 
 
tribes being represented, viz.: the Creeks, Cherokees, Choctaws, 
 
Catawbas and Chickasaws. On the part of the whites the gov 
 
ernors of both the Carolinas and Georgia, the lieutenant-governor 
 
of Virginia, and Capt. John Stuart, superintendant of Indian affairs, 
 
were present. Bv this treaty the white men acquired title to a 
 
large tract of Creek lands lying between the Savannah and Ogee- 
 
chee rivers and extending northwest to the Little river. The 
 
cession was made on the part of the natives to liquidate their 
 
indebtedness to the traders, it; being agreed that the lands should 
 
be sold and the proceeds applied to that purpose. With the other 
 
tribes the treaty was one of peace, looking to a friendly trade. 
 
June 1, 1773. This treaty was made at Augusta between Gov. 
 
James Wright and Captain Stuart and the chiefs of the Cherokees 
 
and Creeks. By its provisions the two tribes relinquished all 
 
claim to two tracts of land. The first lay northwest of the cession 
 
of 1763, and extended to a lin$ now approximately marked by the 
 
southern boundaries of Hall and Banks counties. As in the pre 
 
ceding treaty the lands were to be sold and the proceeds applied 
 
to.the settlement of the Indian indebtedness to the traders. 
 
Treaties of 1783. Two treaties were made in this year. The 
 
first, with the Cherokees, was made at Augusta on the last day 
 
of May, between the head men of the tribe and Lyman Hall, John 
 
Twiggs, Elijah Clarke, William Few and Edward Telfair as the 
 
representatives of the State !of Georgia. By its provisions all 
 
Indian debts were to be paid,: all property taken by them during 
 
the war was to be restored, and a new line between the Indian 
 
lands and the state was to be ^established. The second treaty was 
 
with the Creeks. The commissioners for the state were John 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
335 
 
Twiggs, Elijah Clarke, Edward Telfair, Andrew Burns and Will 
 
iam Glascock. It was made at Augusta on the first day of Novem 
 
ber. By its provisions all the Creek lands east of the Oconee 
 
river were ceded to the State of Georgia. 
 
November 28, 1785. This was the first treaty in Georgia in 
 
which the newly established government of the United States was 
 
represented. Benjamin .Hawkins, Andrew Pickens, Joseph Martin 
 
and Lachlan Mclntosh were the commissioners for the United 
 
States. Commissioners were also appointed by the State of 
 
Georgia to attend the council and to protest against any measures- 
 
of the national commissioners that might seem to exceed the 
 
powers given by the Articles of Confederation. As only a small 
 
attendance of the Creek Indians could be secured at the conference 
 
at Galphinton the commissioners for the United States refused to 
 
treat and adjourned to Hopewell, S. C., where they had made an 
 
appointment with the Cherokees. There a treaty was concluded 
 
with the Cherokees but it was of but little importance to Georgia. 
 
After the national commissioners left Galphinton those represent 
 
ing the state made a treaty with the Creek chiefs, obtaining from 
 
them a cession of what was; known as the Tallassee country, lying 
 
south of the Altamaha river. 
 
November 3, 1786. A treaty was made at Shoulderbone creek 
 
between John Habersham,. Abraham Ravot, J. Clements, James 
 
McNeil, John King, James; Powell, Ferdinand ONeil and Jared 
 
Irwin, commissioners for the State of Georgia, and fifty-nine of 
 
the head men of the Creeks, in which the provisions of the treaty 
 
of Nov. 1, 1783, were reaffirmed. There was, however, a large 
 
number of the Creeks-who were not in favor of the treaties of 
 
Augusta, Galphinton and Shoulderbone. These, led on by the 
 
celebrated McGillivray, appealed to congress, and that bod)-, after 
 
making a cursory investigation decided that the treaties of Gal 
 
phinton and Shoulderbone had been made without sufficient sanc 
 
tion of law. This produced a condition of affairs that was very 
 
unsatisfactory, and for several years a desultory warfare was car 
 
ried on between the Georgians and the McGillivray following. 
 
The adoption of the new Federal constitution in 1789 gave con 
 
gress more power to enforce its decisions. President Washington 
 
rather approved the position taken by the people of Georgia and 
 
soon after the new organic law went into effect he sent a confi 
 
dential agent to McGillivray inviting him and his chiefs to a con 
 
ference in New York. 
 
; 
 
 336 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
August 7, 1790, in response to Washingtons invitation, McGillivray and the head men of the Creeks concluded a treaty with Henry Knox, then secretary of war, as the sole commissioner for the United States. By this treaty the boundary line between the Creeks and the whites was clearly defined. Without attempting to give the technical description of this line as set forth in the treaty, it is very nearly described as a line drawn from the north east corner of the state to the: source of the main branch of the Oconee river, thence down that stream and the Altamaha to a point not far from old Fort Barrington, thence in southwesterly direction to the St. Marys river at Traders Hill. All west of this line was to remain the property of the Creeks, but all title was relinquished to the lands east of it, 
Treaties of Peace. On July 2, 1791, a treaty of peace and friend ship was made at Holston between William Blount, governor of the territory of the United States south of the Ohio river, and about forty of the Cherokee chiefs. At Philadelphia, Pa., June 26, 1794, thirteen of the leading chiefs of the Cherokee nation entered into a treaty with Henry Knox, secretary of war, in which the main features of the Holston treaty were reiterated. On June 29, 1796, a treaty of friendship was made at Coleraine between Ben jamin Hawkins, Gearge Clymer and Andrew Pickens on the part of the United States and a number of Creek chiefs. No cessions of land were made on any of these occasions. 
June 16, 1802, a council was held with the Creeks at Fort Wilkinson, Gen. James Wr ilkinson,; Benjamin Hawkins and Andrew Pickens representing the United States. A treaty was negotiated in which two tracts of land were ceded to the government. One lay west of the Oconee river: and embraces all or part of the counties of Morgan, Putnam, -Baldwin, Wilkinson, Laurens and Jones. The other was a long narrow tract south of the Altamaha river, lying immediately west of the counties of Mclntosh, Glynn and Camden and extending west to a line drawn from the mouth of Goose creek to Ellicotts mound on the Florida boundary. 
October 24, 1804, a treaty was concluded at Tellico garrison, in the Cherokee country, by which that tribe ceded to the United States a tract of land four mile! wide, southwest of and along the line established by the treaty of 1790, to include what was known at "Watfords Settlements." The greater portion of it is in Hall and Habersham counties, and it is still known as the "Four Mile Purchase." 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
337 
 
November 14, 1805. A tentative agreement was reached at a 
 
council held at the Creek agency, on the Flint river, in October, 
 
1804, looking to the extinguishment of the Creek title to all their 
 
lands lying between the Oconee and Ocmulgee rivers. The treaty at 
 
Washington, Nov. 14, 1805, concluded the negotiations. The terri 
 
tory ceded at that time is now included in the counties of Baldwin, 
 
Wilkinson, Jones, Morgan, Jasper, Putnam, Twiggs, Pulaski, Tel- 
 
fair and Montgomery. The Creeks reserved a tract, three miles 
 
wide and five miles long, on the east side of the Ocmulgee, but 
 
granted the government the privilege of erecting thereon a mili 
 
tary post. The United States also obtained the right to a horse 
 
path through the Creek country from Rock Landing to the Chat- 
 
tahoochee river a short distance below the site of the present city 
 
of Columbus. 
 
:. 
 
August 9, 1814. On this date a treaty was made between 
 
Andrew Jackson, on the part of the United States and a number 
 
of the Creek chiefs, at Fort Jackson, Ala. By its provisions the 
 
Indians ceded all the southwest portion of the state. The cession 
 
might be generally described as all south of a line from Jesup 
 
to Fort Gaines and west of the cession of 1802. 
 
March 22, 1816. This treaty was negotiated at Washington, 
 
D. C, with the Cherokees. Most of the lands at that time relin 
 
quished lie outside of Georgia, the only tract in the state being a 
 
small triangle in the extreme northeastern part. 
 
July 8, 1817, a treaty was made with the Cherokees, at their 
 
agency in Tenneesee, by which an irregular shaped tract of land 
 
lying around the Wafford ; settlement, was ceded to the United 
 
States. This tract is in White, Lumpkin, Dawson, Forsyth and 
 
Cherokee counties. 
 
; 
 
January 22, 1818. In the previous cessions by the Creeks, they 
 
had retained the title to a tract of land lying south of the Ocmulgee 
 
and Altaniaha rivers. On Jan. 22, 1818, a treaty was concluded at 
 
the agency on Flint river, by which they relinquished their title to 
 
the same. It embraces the larger part of Appling, Coffee and Irwin 
 
counties. 
 
:; 
 
February 27, 1819, the Cherokees, at Washington, D. C., ceded a 
 
large portion of their lands ito the government. In Georgia it com 
 
prised an irregular shaped -tract lying west and northwest of all 
 
previous cessions. It is included in the counties of Hall", Habersham, 
 
White, Lumpkin, Dawson, Union, Towns and Cherokee. 
 
January 8, 1821, at Indian Springs, the Creeks ceded all between 
 
the Ocmulgee and Flint rivers, north and west of previous cessions, 
 
22 11 
 
 338 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
with the exception of a reservation of 1,000 acres around the 
 
springs, a tract around the agency, which should become the prop 
 
erty of the United States when;: the agency was removed, and 640 
 
acres on the west bank of the Oemulgee, to include the improve 
 
ments of the chief, General Mclntosh. This cession includes the 
 
counties of Dooly, Houston, ;Crawford, Monroe, Upson, Pike, 
 
Butts, Spalding, Fayette, Clayton, Henry, DeKalb, Fulton and 
 
Campbell, and parts of Newton, Coweta, Macon, Worth, Wilcox, 
 
Pulaski and Bibb. 
 
January 24, 1826, at Washington D. C, the Creeks ceded all east 
 
of the Chattahoochee river, including the reservations of the treaties 
 
of 1805 and 1831. A treaty covering the same territory had been 
 
made in February, 1825, but had been nullified. The cession in 
 
cludes all that part of the state lying between the Chattahoochee 
 
and Flint rivers, north of the cession of 1814. 
 
November 15, 1827. This treaty was made to correct the boun.- 
 
daries as established in the preceding one. It was made at the 
 
Creek agency and by its provisions the United States became pos 
 
sessed of a long, narrow strip ;:of land lying along the Alabama 
 
border and extending from the Chattahoochee to the Cherokee 
 
boundary. It is embraced in the counties of Haralson, Carroll, 
 
Heard and Troup. 
 
; 
 
December 29, 1835. By this? treaty, which was made at New 
 
Echota, Ga., the last vestige of:!Indian title to Georgia lands was 
 
extinguished. It included all the northwestern part of the state, 
 
which had not been affected by former treaties, and embraces prac 
 
tically the twelve northwestern counties. The territory ceded by 
 
this treaty was known as the "Cherokee Neutral Ground." 
 
Indians. At the time Ogleth<jrpe came to Georgia the land was 
 
inhabited by two great nations of Indians, each made up of several 
 
tribes. Each nation or confederacy recognized prescribed terri 
 
torial limits, and each tribe claimed a district within certain well 
 
defined boundaries. North of a:lin:e approximately represented by 
 
the Broad river and the thirty-fpurth parallel of latitude were the 
 
Cherokees, numbering about 6,OJOO warriors. The territory of the 
 
Muscogees, better known as the;Creeks, bordered on the Savannah 
 
river, the Atlantic ocean and the;Gulf of Mexico, and extended west 
 
to the country of the Choctaws: and Chickasaws. In a report to 
 
the trustees of the colony, under date of March 12, 1733, Oglethorpe 
 
mentions the Indians living between the coast and the mountains as 
 
consisting of three powerful tribes, the Upper and Lower Creeks 
 
and the Uchees, and estimated the number of fighting men as being 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
339 
 
in the neighborhood of 2,400, which was probably far below the actual number, as the total population of the Creeks has been esti mated by others as having been at that time 15,000. Bartram thus describes the physical characteristics and traits of the Georgia Indians: 
"The males of the Cherokees, Muscogulgees, Seminoles, Chickasaws, Choctaws and confederate tribes of the Creeks are tall, erect and moderately robust; their limbs are well shaped, so as to form a perfect human figure; their, features regular and countenance open, dignified and placid, yet the forehead and brow so formed as to strike you instantly with; heroism and bravery. * * * Their countenance and action exhibit an air of magnanimity, superiority and independence. * * * i The women of the Cherokees tall, slender, erect and of a delicate frame; their features formed with per fect symmetry, their countenance cheerful and friendly; and they move with becoming grace and dignity. The Muscogulgee women, though remarkably short of stature, are well formed; their visage round, features regular and beautiful, the brow high and arched, the eye large, black and languishing, expressive of modesty, diffi dence and bashfulness. * * * The Cherokees in their disposi tions and manners are grave and steady; dignified and circumspect in their deportment; rather slow and reserved in conversation, yet frank, cheerful and humane;; tenacious of the liberties and natural rights of man; secret, deliberate and determined in their councils; honest, just and liberal, and ready always to sacrifice every pleasure and gratification, even their: blood and life itself, to defend their territory and maintain their: rights. * * * The national char acter of the Muscogulge.es, when considered in a political view, exhibits a portraiture of a -great or illustrious hero. A proud, haughty and arrogant race of men, they are brave and valiant in war, ambitious of conquest, restless, and perpetually exercising their arms, yet magnanimous and merciful to a vanquished enemy when he submits and seeks their friendship and protection; always unit ing the vanquished tribes in confederacy with them, when they immediately enjoy, unexceptionably, every right of free citizens, and are, from that moment, united in one common band of brother hood. * * -* The Muscogulgees are more volatile, sprighty and talkative than their northern neighbors, the Cherokees." 
Scattered over their territory were a number of towns or vil lages, some of them of considerable size. The best known Creek towns were Cussetah, Cowetah, -Tukawbatchie and Osoochee. The town or village was usually circular in form, surrounded by a 
 
 340 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
stockade, which was constructed by placing logs or poles upright, firmly planted in the ground, and so close together as to offer resist ance to the admission of a foe. The houses were built in a similar manner, the spaces between the upright logs being tightly packed with straw to keep out the cold. The roof was made of reeds and displayed much ingenuity in jits construction. In the center of the village was the residence of the mico, or chief. Agriculture was practiced to a considerable extent. Near each town was a planta tion of cleared ground, which was the common property of the in habitants, and upon which they raised corn, beans, melons and various kinds of small fruits. In addition to these tribal planta tions many individual farms or gardens were to be found where families raised vegetables. Each town had its public granary or storehouse, where stocks of cprn, beans, dried fish and jerked meats were kept. If the private supply of any one was destroyed he was entitled to draw on the public stores. Corn was regarded as the gift of the Great Spirit, festivals being held at both planting and gathering time. It constituted the principal article of food. When green it was boiled in earthen vessels or roasted by the fire and eaten from the cob. After it ripened the grains were pulverized in mortars, with pestles, and the meal used to make a sort of cake, or boiled and eaten as mush.;: Tobacco was extensively cultivated and was almost universally used. The loving-cup of the white man had its counterpart in the calumet or peace-pipe of the North American Indian. Treaties of peace were sealed by each one pres ent taking a whiff from the same pipe, and before undertaking any important enterprise the pipe was generally passed around the council-fire. Although the Seminoles were one of the tribes of the Muscogee confederacy they did not pay much attention to the cul tivation of the soil, but lived by hunting and fishing. For this rea son the name Seminole, or Isty Semole, was conferred on them, the term meaning "Wild men." 
The weapons were the bow and arrow, the spear and the toma hawk. The bow was of some tough, elastic wood, the string being made of a thong of deer-skirt!, or a sinew or intestine of the same animal. The shaft of the arrow was a straight reed or a piece of wood rounded and polished by drawing it back and forth through a groove in a stone prepared for that purpose. The head of the arrow was a flint and was secured in place by a thong. They w.ere carried in a sack or quiver ofifawn-skin suspended by a strap over the shoulder. The spear was simply the arrow on a larger scale. It was used for parrying blows or piercing an enemy in war and for 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
341 
 
taking fish. Originally the tomahawk consisted of a stone rudely shaped like an ax and provided with a groove to receive a withe of some tough wood, which constituted the handle, and was used both as a weapon of offense and defense. After the coming of the whites steel hatchets supplanted the old stone tomahawk. Domes tic utensils were of stone, bone or shell, sometimes skillfully wrought. Basins were frequently made of soapstone and wicker baskets were used to hold the family supply of grain or fruits. In warm weather the Indians wore but little clothing, but in the winter time protected themselves with shawls or blankets, which they made themselves, or with the skins of animals. 
Ignorant of an alphabet or written language they had a system of picture writing, by means of which they sought to perpetuate a record of important events. In this symbolic writing animals, weapons, human figures, canoes, circles arid a : variety of fantastic designs were used. Traces of it are still to be seen on the rocky cliffs along the streams and in the mountainous districts. Although they worshiped some invisible, omnipotent power which they designated as the Great Spirit, and were in the main monotheistic, rude at tempts at sculpture have been found, the images of stone or baked clay indicating that among some of the tribes at least there were idolaters. Their dead were buried in mounds or cremated. Some of the chiefs and head men each had a number of wives, but as a r.ule they were monogamous. 
When the white man came the natives welcomed him, did all in their power to minister to his comfort, and in some instances deified him. Their kindness met ;but a sorry return. Perhaps it was in accord with the inexorable: law that "the fittest survive" that the pale face robbed them of their patrimony and drove them from the hunting grounds of their fathers toward the setting sun. More than three-quarters of a century have elapsed since the last of the red men left Georgia for a home beyond the great Father of Waters. But the Creeks and Cherokees have left an imperishable impression on the land they once inhabited. In the nomenclature of Georgia such words as Chattahoochee, Oconee, Cohutta, Amicalola, Okefinokee and Hiawassee bear testimony that the country was once the home of a race whose glory and greatness have now departed. (See articles on Cherokees land Indian Treaties.) 
Industrial Home.--See Charitable Institutions. Inez, the postoffice named for Reedy Springs, in Laurens county, is located on the Dublin & I Southwestern railroad, near the central 
 
 342 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
part of the county. It has a small population, but is a shipping 
 
point of some importance to that section. 
 
Ingleside, a village of Dekalb county, reported a population of 65 
 
in 1900. It is located on the Georgia railroad, a short distance east 
 
of Decatur, has a money order postoffice, a large cotton mill, some 
 
mercantile interests and is one of the prosperous villages of that 
 
section of the state. 
 
; 
 
Inman, a village of Fayette, county, is on the Southern railway, 
 
about seven or eight miles south of Fayetteville, and in 1900 reported 
 
a population of 122. It has a money order postoffice, express office, 
 
some manufatcuring and mercantile establishnrents, a good school,, 
 
etc., and is a shipping point for a: rich agricultural section. 
 
Insane Asylum. See State Sanitarium. 
 
Insurance Companies. Five or more persons may form an insur 
 
ance company and apply for a:charter, which must be issued by the 
 
secretary of state. When the charter is issued a fee af $100 must be 
 
paid into the state treasury. ; The capital stock must be at least 
 
$100,000, and that amount must be actually paid in before commenc 
 
ing business. Charters run for fifty years, but if the privileges 
 
granted by the charter are not :exercised within two years they 
 
shall cease. All insurance contracts must be in the form of written 
 
policies, and no dividends shall be paid until the earnings are suffi 
 
cient to meet all losses and expenses and establish a legal reserve. 
 
Mutual or cooperative companies are organized in the same man 
 
ner, except they are not required to state the amount of the capital 
 
stock. 
 
: 
 
Guaranty companies, insuring against defalcation, neglect, dis 
 
honesty, or default of a trustee, officer of the law, employe, agent, 
 
or any person required to give bond, must have a paid up capital 
 
of $250,000 and shall deposit with the treasurer of state, bonds of 
 
the United States or the State;: of Georgia in the amount of $25,000, 
 
as a guarantee of performance :of obligations within the state, before 
 
they shall be permitted to do business. 
 
Interest. The legal rate of ^interest in Georgia is seven per cent 
 
per annum, though eight per cent is legal when so stated in.a writ 
 
ten agreement to that effect. ;i Persons charging usury forfeit the 
 
excess in case usury is set up, and usury will render void a deed, 
 
mortgage, waiver of homestead rights, or contract to pay attorneys 
 
fees. 
 
i; 
 
Inverness, a village of Mclntosh county, is located on the Sapelp 
 
island, some twelve miles northeast of Darien. It has a money 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
343 
 
order postoffice, some stores, etc. Hudson,.on the Darien & West 
 
ern railroad, is the nearest station. 
 
lona, a post-hamlet in the eastern part of Wilcox county, is about 
 
two miles south of Carswell, which is the nearest railroad station. 
 
Irby, a village of Irwin county, is known to railroad men as 
 
Cyclonetta Station. It is located on the Georgia Southern & Florida 
 
railroad, has a money order: postoffice, express office, some mercan 
 
tile establishments and in 1900 had a population of 40. 
 
Iric, a post-village of Bulloch county, is about five miles south 
 
west of Stilson, which is the nearest railroad station. The popula 
 
tion in 1900 was 42. 
 
I ' 
 
Iron. At numerous places in the Crystalline area are deposits 
 
of hematite and limonite, or red and brown iron ores. Fossiliferous 
 
hematite occurs in large quantities in the northwestern part of the 
 
state. It is extensively mined in Chattooga county on Dirtseller 
 
mountain, not far from Lyerly; on Shinbone ridge, near Menlo; 
 
and on Taylors ridge, nea-r Summerville. There are also extensive 
 
deposits in Dade, Walker; Catoosa, Whitfield, Gilmer, Gordon, 
 
Floyd and Bartow counties, and mining is carried on in several 
 
localities, where railroad facilities offer opportunities for getting 
 
the ores into market. The: brown iron ores are found in a broad 
 
belt of country, extending from Lookout mountain to the Cohutta 
 
range. The deposits are more numerous and extensive east of the 
 
Chattoogata mountains. Most of these beds are found in rocky 
 
ridges, though one of the;: largest is at Snake creek gap in the 
 
Silurian sandstone. None of this ore is found west of the ridges 
 
which pass through Lafayette, Walker county. It is found in this 
 
range near Lafayette and .at different places in Chattooga county. 
 
In Polk county there are six well defined belts :of limonite. The 
 
first is in the fault basin north of Indian mountain; one runs from 
 
Etna to Cave Spring; the Cedartown belt; one lying southeast of 
 
Cedartown; the Fish creek :belt, and the Long Station belt. There 
 
are also other deposits in this section of the state. West of Little 
 
Cedar creek there is a basiji two miles wide and eight miles long, 
 
running from Indian mountain into Floyd county, in which there 
 
are several pockets of ore, some of which contain a large percentage 
 
of manganese. Hematite, a- small station on the Southern railway, 
 
in the western part of the tounty, is the outlet for these ores and 
 
takes its name from the large volume of business done in that line. 
 
One of the largest iron furnaces in the state is at Cedartown. Mag 
 
netite, or magnetic iron ore, as it is commonly called, is in great 
 
demand for the manufacture of steel. There are six varieties of 
 
 344 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
this ore known to mineralogists, but only one is common. This 
 
familiar form occurs sometimes in massive crystals or as loose 
 
sand. The crystals range from very coarse to fine granular forma 
 
tions, while the sand, generally ; known as black sand, is found 
 
chiefly in the pannings from placer gold mines. It is also found in 
 
places where the rocks have decomposed. A number of such places 
 
occur in the Crystalline area. .- Two belts extend across the state, 
 
one following the Chattahoochee range along its entire length and 
 
the other enters the state from; North Carolina near the northeast 
 
ern corner of Fannin county, from which point it runs along the 
 
western base of the Blue Ricjge through Gilmer, Cherokee and . 
 
Cobb counties. A large deposit of this magnetite exists near the 
 
city of Atlanta, but has not been mined. For more than half a cen 
 
tury the red and brown iron ores have been a continuous source of 
 
revenue, the annual value of the product running over $500*000. 
 
Iron City, a town in the northwestern part of Decatur county, 
 
was incorporated by act of the legislature on Dec. 20, 1900. It is 
 
on the Atlantic Coast Line railroad, has a money order postoffice, 
 
with rural free delivery, express and telegraph service, and does 
 
considerable shipping. 
 
.; . 
 
Iron Rock, a post-village of;!Franklin county, is near the north 
 
fork of Broad river and about seven or eight miles northeast of 
 
Carnesville. Lavonia, on the Elberton & Toccpa division of the 
 
Southern, is the nearest railroad station. 
 
Irvin, Benjamin Screven, has main 
 
tained his home in Wilkes county from 
 
the time of his birth and is now one of 
 
the leading members of its bar, being en 
 
gaged in the practice of his profession in 
 
Washington, the attractive county seat. 
 
He was born in this county Feb. 10, 1848, 
 
and is a. son of Isaiah Tucker and Eliza 
 
beth (Joyner) Irvin, the former of whom 
 
was born in Wilkes county, in 1819, and 
 
the latter in the city of Savannah, in 1821. 
 
Christopher Irvin, great-grandfather of 
 
the subject of this review, came to Wilkes 
 
county from Bedford county, I/a. His son, Isaiah Tucker Irvin, 
 
Sr., became one of the wealthy: planters of this county and at one 
 
time represented the same in She state legislature. The latters 
 
son, Isaiah Tucker Irvin, Jr., father of him to whom this sketch is 
 
dedicated, likewise had very extensive plantation interests and was 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
345 
 
an able lawyer of the county. A sketch of .his life is found else where in this work. Benjamin S. Irvin gained his preparatory educational training in private schools in Washington, Ga., and afterward was a student in Mercer university, at Macon, and of the University of Virginia. For two years he taught in the schools of Wilkes county and thereafter was president of the Washington female seminary for a period of five years. He later engaged in the practice of law in this city and has since continued uninterrupt edly in the successful work of his profession, having a representative clientage and having been concerned in much important litigation within the intervening years.; Though a mere lad at the time of the Civil war, Mr. Irvin enlisted as a private in a company of Georgia militia commanded by Capt. James Dyson, serving a few weeks in this organization and then being appointed a midshipman on board the Confederate school-ship "Patrick Henry," on which he remained until the close of the war. He is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party and has ever shown a loyal interest in public affairs, but has never sought official preferment, though he served twelve years as mayor of Washington his long retention of this municipal office showing the estimate placed upon him and his services by the people of ;his home city. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South,, and he is affiliated with the Sigma Alpha Epsilon college fraternity. On Jan. 5, 1871, Mr. Irvin was united in marriage to Miss Sallie. McGee Hill, daughter of Wylie Pope Hill and ]&m (Austin) : Hill, of Wilkes county, and she was summoned to the- life eternaJ in 1879. Two children were born to this union Paul H; Irvin, how:a resi dent of N!ew York City, and Austin, who died at the age of two and one-half years. In June, 1891, Mr. Irvin married Miss; Brownie Brewer, of Hayneville, Ala. She is a daughter of Willis and Mary (Baine) Brewer, the latter of; whom was a daughter of Gen. David Baine, a distinguished lawyer who was a gallant brigadier-general in the Confederate service in the Civil war, having been killed in one of the battles around the;city of Richmond, Va. Mr. and Mrs. Irvin have one child, Mildred. 
Irvin, Isaiah Tucker, lawyer, planter and legislator, was born on a: plantation in Wilkes county, May 20, 1819, and was identified with planting interests: during his entire life. In 1S37 he was graduated at the University of Georgia, sharing first honors with Prof. Shelton P. Sandford, Dr. Benjamin M. Palmer and William Hope Hull, and soon afterward began the practice of law at Wash ington, the county seat of Wilkes county. Although he had barely 
 
 346 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
reached his majority, he quickly demonstrated his ability to handle 
 
difficult legal questions and succeeded in building up a lucrative 
 
business. He was elected tp the legislature, reelected several times, 
 
and the records of the general assembly while he was a member 
 
show that he was always fully alive to the interests of his constitu 
 
ents. While in the legislature he formed the acquaintance of a num 
 
ber of the leading men of the state, among whom were Alexander 
 
H. and Linton Stephens, Robert Toombs, the Cobbs and the Jack- 
 
sons, and became the firm friend of most of these, who looked upon 
 
Mr. Irvin as a coadjutator worth having or a foeman worthy of 
 
their steel, as the case might be. He was killed in a steamboat 
 
explosion on a bayou, near Houston, Tex., in September, 1860, 
 
while he was on his way to visit one of his plantations in the Lone 
 
Star State. At the time of his death he was speaker of the Georgia 
 
house of representatives, and had been elected captain of a. com 
 
pany of Georgia militia, as: the Civil war was then imminent. He 
 
was a man of fine personal ;presence, a high order of intellectuality, 
 
impregnable integrity, and commanded the respect of all who knew 
 
him. 
 
j 
 
:: Irvin, Thomas B., holds the responsible 
 
position of master mechanic with the 
 
Charleston & Western Carolina railway, 
 
in: Augusta. He is a native Georgian, 
 
having been born at Albany, Dougherty 
 
county, Jan. 26, 1852, and is a son of 
 
Samuel D. and Julia (Cargile) Irvin, the 
 
former of whom was born in Todd county, 
 
Ky., July 17, 1823, and the latter in Eu- 
 
falula, Barbour county, Ala., Nov. 26, 
 
1831. The father came to Georgia when 
 
a I young man and located in Albany, 
 
where he studied law and was admitted 
 
to the bar. He was there engaged in the practice of his profession 
 
until the outbreak of the Civil war, when he gave evidence of his 
 
loyalty to the Confederacyl;by promptly effecting the organization 
 
of a company, which was :mustered into the service as Company 
 
D, Eighteenth Georgia volunteer infantry. He continued in com 
 
mand of this company until late in 1862, when disabilities, due to 
 
rheumatism, compelled him to resign his commission and return 
 
home. In 1866 he removed to Macon, where he attained much 
 
prestige in the work of hisi: profession, continuing in practice until 
 
his death. He was an elder in the Presbyterian church and was 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA. OF GEORGIA 
 
347 
 
a distinguished member of the Masonic fraternity, having served 
 
two terms as grand master of the grand lodge of the order in 
 
Georgia. He was also prominent in the chapter and commandery 
 
bodies of the fraternity. He died in Macon, Oct. 6, 1900, at the age 
 
of seventy-seven years, and his widow now makes her home with 
 
her son, Thomas B., subject of this sketch. Thomas B. Irvin 
 
secured his educational training as a child and youth in the schools 
 
of Albany and Griffin, Ga.,: continuing to attend school until he had 
 
attained to the age of eighteen years. He then, on Jan. 3, 1870, 
 
entered the Macon shops ;of what is now the Central of Georgia 
 
railway, and served a four years apprenticeship at the machinists 
 
trade. From September, 1876, until Jan. 4, 1891, he was a locomo 
 
tive engineer on the Central of Georgia, running between Macon 
 
and Atlanta, and for the ensuing two years he served the same road 
 
in the capacity of road foreman of engines. From Jan. 1 to Oct. 5, 
 
1893, he was general foreman of the shops of the same company 
 
in Chattanooga, Tenn., and thereafter he served until Jan. 1, 1899, 
 
as master mechanic in the companys shops at Savannah, Ga. Since 
 
that time he has been the; incumbent of his present position. Mr. 
 
Irvin is a stanch adherent iof the Demoratic party; he and his wife 
 
are communicants of St. Pauls church, Protestant Episcopal, of 
 
Augusta; he is affiliated with Landrum Lodge, No. 48, Free and 
 
Accepted Masons, and Georgia Chapter, No. 3, Royal Arch Masons, 
 
both of Savannah. On Jan. 24, 1878, he was united in marriage to 
 
Miss Sallie L. Anderson, daughter of William A. and Harriet W. 
 
(Edmondson) Anderson, ; who were at that time residents of 
 
Macon, whence they later removed to Atlanta. Following is a 
 
brief record concerning the children of Mr. and Mrs. Irvin : William 
 
D. was born June 6, 1879!; Robert A., Dec. 21,: 1881; Gallic Koib, 
 
July 30, 1883; Thomas B.,Jr, Feb. 8, 1890; Jesse O., July 19, 1892; 
 
Hattie Reid, June 16, 1896; and John Cargile, Jan. 13, 1898. One 
 
child is deceased, Fannie Wallace, who was born Sept. 7, 1886, and 
 
died June 30, 1896. 
 
: 
 
Irwin County was laid iout by the lottery act of 1818 and was 
 
named for Jared Irwin,-who distinguished himself as a soldier in the 
 
Revolutionary and subsequent Indian wars, and served two terms 
 
as governor of the state. Parts were set off to Thomas and 
 
Lowiades in 1825, and iii August, 1905, another portion of the 
 
county was set off to Tift and Turner counties. Prior to the last 
 
division the boundaries were as follows: Wilcox and Telfair on the 
 
north, Coffee on the east and southeast, Berrien on the south, and 
 
Worth on the west. The -Ocmulgee on the northeastern boundary, 
 
 348 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the Allapaha in the center, and the Little river in the western part, 
 
with their branches, make this one of the best watered counties in 
 
the state. The streams supply an abundance of fish, while quail, 
 
wild turkeys, deer and other game are found in the woods and fields, 
 
much of it being shipped away in season. The soil is red, gray 
 
or black gravel, with a clay subsoil, and produces cotton, corn, 
 
wheat, field and ground peas, sorghum, sugar-cane and both sweet 
 
and Irish potatoes. The farmers are annually increasing the 
 
amounts of land devoted to the production of hay with profitable 
 
results and truck farming is carried on extensively. Almost every 
 
known vegetable, all the berries and fruit are raised. They are 
 
shipped chiefly to Savannah, iMacon and Atlanta, in Georgia, and 
 
to Cincinnati, O. At Cycloneta, a farm is operated by the Georgia 
 
Southern & Florida railway, demonstrating the capacity of the 
 
region in every branch of husbandry. The fruits raised on this 
 
farm are especially fine. The? minerals of the count} are sandstone 
 
and the phosphates. There are extensive forests of yellow pine, 
 
white and water oak, juniper,;:tulip, cypress and cedar, all of which 
 
are found in paying quantities, and the annual output of lumber 
 
and naval stores is very great. Transportation facilities are pro 
 
vided by three lines of the Atlantic & Birmingham railway, the 
 
Fitzgerald & Abbeville division of the Seaboard Air Line, and a 
 
short road called the Fitgeriald & Red Bluff, which runs from 
 
Fitzgerald to the Ocmulgee river, and the Ocmulgee river steamers, 
 
The county roads are in excellent condition. Irwinville, the county 
 
seat; Fitzgerald, Whitley and Ocilla and Dormineys Mill are the 
 
principal towns. The population of the county, according to the 
 
census of 1905, was 10,405, an increase of 7,3:29 since 1890. In the 
 
Creek war of 1836 a battle;: was fought in this county. (See 
 
Mitchells Plantation.) 
 
;| 
 
Irwin, David, a distinguished jurist of Georgia, was a native of 
 
that state, having been born in Wilkes county in 1807. He received 
 
a liberal education, studied law and soon after his admission to 
 
the bar acquired a high standing in his profession. In connection 
 
with Richard H. Clarke and TjhornasR. R. Cobb he was appointed 
 
in 1858 to codify the laws of the state. In 1SG7 he was appointed 
 
to revise the laws and since;:that time "Invins Code" has been 
 
recognized as a leading authority on legal matters in the state. He 
 
died at Marietta in 1S8G. 
 
 
 
Irwin, Jared, statesman and fourth governor of Georgia, was born 
 
in Mecklenburg county, N. Cj, in 1750. Before the Revolutionary 
 
war he removed to Burke county, Ga., where he played an impor- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
349 
 
tant part in the war, and afterward in the campaigns against the 
 
Indians. He was a member of the convention which revised the 
 
state constitution in 1789; as governor in 1796 he signed the act 
 
rescinding the Yazoo law; was president of the constitutional con 
 
vention of 1798, which inserted a clause in the organic law forbid 
 
ding the slave trade as far as Georgia was concerned; was governor 
 
again in 1806, and several times president of the state senate, a 
 
position which he held at the time of his death, which occurred in 
 
Washington county on March 1, 1818. For his distinguished mili 
 
tary services he was commissioned brigadier-general, Irwin county 
 
was named in his honor, and there is a monument erected by the 
 
state to his memory, in the public square at Sandersville. 
 
Irwinton, the county seat of Wilkinson county, is located near 
 
the center of the county and about two miles south of Mclntyre, 
 
the nearest railway station, on the line of the Central of Georgia. 
 
The town was first incorporated in 1816, but was rechartered by 
 
the act of August 13, 1904.. It has, besides the court-house, a money 
 
order postoffice with rural delivery routes to the neighboring terri 
 
tory, and a few stores, while near the town is a quarry of soft lime 
 
stone, which turns hard upon exposure to the atmosphere, and 
 
which is largely used in the construction o_- chimneys, owing to its 
 
heat-resisting qualities. The people enjoy good school and church 
 
accommodations, although the population of the town in 1900 was 
 
but 227. At the same census the population Of the district was 
 
1,993. 
 
! 
 
Irwinville, the county seat of Irwin county: on the Tifton & 
 
Northeastern railway, was incorporated in 1857. Being in the midst 
 
of the yellow pine region iits business is largely concerned with 
 
lumber, turpentine and rosin. It has express and telegraph offices, 
 
a court house, money order postoffice, several business houses, 
 
schools and churches. According to the census of 1900 it had a 
 
population of 300. It was near this place that Jefferson Davis, pres 
 
ident of the Confederate States, for whose apprehension Abraham 
 
Lincoln, president of the Wnited States, had offered a reward of 
 
$100,000, was captured in ;the spring of 1865, and subsequently 
 
incarcerated for eighteen months at Fort AVarren, from which he 
 
was finally released on bail!; and was never brought to trial, many 
 
of the ablest lawyers, northiand south, believing that he was guilty 
 
of no crime. 
 
: 
 
Isaac, a post-village of Irwin county, with a population of 40, is 
 
located about a mile from the Wilcox county line and three miles 
 
 350 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
from Isaac Station on the Hawkinsville & Florida Southern rail 
 
road. 
 
Isabella, the former county seat of Worth county, is located about 
 
three miles from that branch of the Atlantic Coast Line railway 
 
which connects Albany, TTifton and Waycross. It has a money 
 
order postoffice, several stores, pleasant homes and good schools 
 
and churches. According to the census of 1900 there was in Isabella 
 
a population of 166. 
 
Isle of Hope. This island is about ten miles from Savannah and 
 
is principally noted in history for being the site of "Wormsloe," 
 
the plantation of Noble Jones. Adelaide Wilson, in her "Historic 
 
and Picturesque Savannah," published in 1889, says: "Of all the 
 
beautiful plantations at one time in the neighborhood of Savannah, 
 
it alone has remained in the family to whom it was first granted." 
 
Jones residence was about three miles southeast of the orphan 
 
house at Bethesda. For some time he kept quartered near his 
 
house a company of marines, and had built a fort of tappy for the 
 
defense of his place. 
 
\. 
 
Isom, a post-hamlet in the northern part of Brooks county, is a 
 
short distance south of the::Barney & Tallokas branch of the South 
 
Georgia & West Coast ailrpad. 
 
Itley, a post-village in the southern part of Forsyth county, is 
 
about twelve miles northwest of Suwanee, which is the most con 
 
venient railroad station. i 
 
Ivanhoe, a post-village in the eastern part of Bulloch county, is 
 
on the Savannah & Statesbpro railroad. It has a small population, 
 
but is a trading center for the neighborhood in which it is located. 
 
Iverson, Alfred, Sr., lawyer and legislator, was born in Burke 
 
county, Dec. 3, 1798. At the age of twenty-two years he graduated 
 
at Princeton college and soon afterward commenced the practice 
 
of law at Columbus. After:serving three terms in the lower branch 
 
of the legislature and one term in the senate he was appointed by 
 
the general assembly as judge of the superior court of the Colum 
 
bus circuit. He was one of!:the Polk electors in 1844 and two years 
 
later was elected to represent his district in the lower house of 
 
Congress. In 1855 he was elected to the United States senate, 
 
where he served until he withdrew, with the rest of the Georgia 
 
delegation, in January, 1861. He was an advocate of state rights 
 
and one of the leaders in the secession movement. He died at 
 
Macon on March 4, 1873. 
 
Iverson, Alfred, Jr., soldier, was born at Clinton, Feb. 14, 1829. 
 
His childhood was spent at Columbus and Washington City and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
351 
 
when the Mexican war began he was a student at the military institute at Tuskegee, Ala. His father was active in the organiza-tion and equipping of a regiment and he allowed the son, who was but seventeen years old, to enter the army. After the war was over young Iverson began the study of law in his fathers office at Columbus, but in 1855 received an appointment as first lieutenant in the First cavalry. During the Kansas troubles of 1856 he was in that state. When Georgia seceded he resigned his commission in the army and offered his services to the Confederacy. His first position in the Confederate army was as colonel of the Twentieth North Carolina, but in November, 1862, he was promoted to the rank of brigadier-general. He led a brigade at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg; was in the military operations in northwest Georgia, and defeated Stoneman at Macon and Sunshine Church. After the war he lived in Macon until 1877, when he removed to Florida and engaged in orange culture. 
Ivey, a post-village in the northern part of Wilkinson county, is on the Gordon & Milledgeville division of the Central of Georgia railroad. In 1900 the population was reported as 80. It has some mercantile interests, and ; is a trading center and shipping point for that part of the county. : 
Ivy "Log, a post-village in the northern part of Union county, reported a population of- 57 in 1900. It is a short distance east of Notely creek and not far; from the North Carolina line. Culberson, N. C, is the nearest railroad station. 
Izlar, Roberts P., M. :D., one of the prominent physicians and surgeons of Georgia, is engaged in the practice of his profession in Waycross, the county seat of Ware county. He was born at Orangeburg, Orangeburg county, S. C., Sept. 27, 1866, and is a son of James F. and Frances (Lovell) Izlar, the former of whom was born in Orangeburg, in 1833, and the latter in Charleston, S. C., in 1845. James F. Izlar was a gallant soldier of the Confederacy during the war between the states, having been captain of Company H, Twenty-sixth South Carolina volunteer infantry, and he remained with his command during practically the entire period of the war. He was captured at Fort Fisher, N. C. He served as circuit judge in South Carolina for a period of eight years, was a member of the state senate for twelve years, and represented the First district of South Carolina in Congress for two terms, in the 90s, having been a stanch supporter of the principles and policies of the Democratic party.; In this connection it may be consistently noted that Dr. Roberts P. Izlar tendered his services to the govern- 
 
 352 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ment at the time of the late Spanish-American war, having enlisted, on April 25, 1898, in the First Florida volunteer infantry, of which he became surgeon, with the rank of major. The regiment was held in reserve, not being;called into active field service, and the doctor was mustered out at: Tallahassee, Fla., Dec. 3, 1898. Doctor Izlar was reared to maturity in his native commonwealth, and after due academic or literary education he entered upon the work of preparing himself for his chosen profession. He was graduated in the Medical College of the; State of South Carolina at Charleston in March, 1888, duly receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine. He served during the following year as interne in the city hospital of Charleston, and in the latter part of 1889 he located in Ocala, Fla., where he established :a successful practice, in which he con tinued until 1896, w.hen he; located in Waycross, which, has since continued the headquarters of his peculiarly large and successful professional business. From 1896 to 1898 he served as attending physician and surgeon to the general hospital of the Plant system of railroads in Waycross, and since that time has given his atten tion to general professional work, having attained to a very high prestige as a surgeon. He;is an honorary member of the Florida medical association, of which he was president in 1898, and in the same year he served as president of the Florida state association of railway surgeons. In 1904 :he was president of the Atlantic Coast Line railway surgeons association, and in 1902-3 he was president of the Plant system railway;; surgeons association. He is also iden tified with the Association; of Military Surgeons of the United States; is first vice-president, 1905, of the Georgia state medical association, and an appreciative member of the American medical association. He is affiliated with the lodge, chapter, council and Knights Templars of the Masonic fraternity, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Knights of Pythias, and the Improved Order of Red Men. His political allegiance is given to the Democ racy, and both he and his wife.are communicants of Grace church, Protestant Episcopal, in .Waycross. On Sept. 26, 1890, at Orangeburg, S. C., Doctor .Izlar was united in marriage to Miss Fernanda A. Oliveros, daughter of John B. Oliveros, of Savannah, Ga., and she died, at Ocala, Fla., Aug. 24, 1894, being survived by two chil dren Roberts P., Jr., born:; May 15, 1890, and Magdalena, born May 25, 1892. On Oct. 27, 1897, Doctor Izlar married Miss Frances G. Wright, daughter of Abrier B. and Eunice (Durham) Wright, of Greenville, S. C., and of ithis union have been born three chil- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
353 
 
dren : Abner J., who died in 1901, at the age of three years ; William H., born Sept. 15, 1902, and Wright Durham, born Nov. 20, 1905. 
 
J 
 
Jacks Creek. This is one of the minor streams of Walton county, 
 
but it has a history. In September, 1787, Colonel Barber, with a 
 
small party of troops, was waylaid and wounded by a band of 50 
 
or 60 Indians near Greensboro, three of his men being killed. Gen. 
 
Elijah Clarke hurriedly gathered a force of 160 men and started in 
 
pursuit. He followed the Indians to the south fork of the Ocmulgee 
 
without overtaking them^ but while going up that stream fell in 
 
with the trail of another party. This he followed to Jacks creek, 
 
where he came up with them on the 21st while they were cooking 
 
their dinner. Dividing his men into three divisions all attacked the 
 
Indians simultaneously and drove them into a canebrake near by. 
 
The fight lasted from noon until half past four oclock, many of 
 
the savages escaping in small parties,.leaving the dead and wounded 
 
on the field. Clarke lost: six killed and eleven wounded, but cap 
 
tured the entire camp equipage of the enemy. The Indian loss was 
 
not ascertained. Among :the Americans wounded was Lieut. John 
 
Clarke, familiarly known as Jack Clarke, a son of Col. Elijah Clarke, 
 
who commanded the Georgia troops, and from him it is said Jacks 
 
creek took its name. Jack Clarke was afterwards governor of 
 
Georgia. 
 
: 
 
Jackson, the county seat of Butts county, on the Southern rail 
 
way, about midway between the two important cities of Atlanta 
 
and Macon, w,as incorporated by aet of the legislature in 1826 and 
 
its charter was amended;in 1898. Within the last seven or eight 
 
years it has grown rapidly in population, in every line of business 
 
and in the character of its buildings. Its court house cost $30,000 
 
and the residences and business parts of the place indicate steady 
 
improvements. It has express and telegraph offices, a money order 
 
postoffice with rural free delivery, and two banks. In Jackson there 
 
is a flour mill, with patent roller process; a cotton mill built by 
 
Georgia capital, and the ; Jackson Fertilizer company, all doing a 
 
thriving business. The schools of Jackson are good, and there are 
 
churches of the leading Christian denominations. Jackson is ; the 
 
chief market and shipping point of the county and handles on an 
 
average of 13,000 bales of cotton annually. The cotton mills,use 
 
3,500 bales per annum. ; In Jackson, according to the census of 
 
1900, there were 1,487 inhabitants. In the entire Jackson district 
 
the population was 3,663.; 
 
23-11 
 
: 
 
 354 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Jackson County was formed in 1796, and named for Gen. James Jackson, of Savannah. A part of the county was set off to Clarke in 1801, another helped to form: Madison in 1811, and other portions were added to Hall, Walton and : Gwinnett in 1818. It lies in the northern part of the state; arid is bounded on the northeast by Banks, on the east by Madison, on the southeast by Clarke and Oconee, on the southwest by Walton and Gwinnett, and on the northwest by Hall. Several tributaries of the Oconee river water the county, and the land along the streams is very productive. Cotton, wheat, corn, oats, rye, Irish and sweet potatoes are the principal productions and dairy farming and cattle raising are receiving considerable attention. Vegetables, berries and melons are raised in abundance for home consumption, but none are shipped. Vineyards are planted and prove profitable. Much of the land still bears its original growth of hardwood timber and lumber is prepared for the use of factories that work in woods. The county is rich in minerals, granite, quartz, soapstone, asbestos, and tour malines being found. There :is also some iron, which was worked during the war, but the mines have long been abandoned. The Southern, the Gainesville, Jefferson & Southern, and the Seaboard Air Line railroads give excellent transportation service, and the county roads, though not macadamized, are in good condition. Jef ferson, the county seat, Commerce, Pendergrass, Winder, Hoschton and Mayville are the chief towns. There are good schools, of which the Martin Institute, at Jefferson, is the best known. The popula tion in 1900 was 24,039, a gain of 4,863 in ten years.. 
Jackson, Henry Rootes, soldier, statesman and writer, was born at Savannah, June 24, 1820. ;:He was a son of Henry Jackson, of Revolutionary fame. After graduating at Yale college in 1839 he entered the legal profession arid became one of the leading lawyers of the state. In the Mexican iwar he served as colonel of the First Georgia regiment; from 1849 ;to 1853 he was judge of the superior court; was Minister to Austria from 1853 to 1858; was a member of the Democratic national convention at Charleston in I860, and was an elector-at-large on the Breckinridge and Lane ticket that year. On July 4, 1861, he was commissioned brigadier-general and remained in the field until captured at Nashville in December, 1864. After the war he resumed his practice in Savannah and in 1867 was appointed minister to Mexico, He is also well known by his poems, the first volume of which appeared in 1850. Two short poems, "My Father, My Wife;! and My Child," and "The Red Hills of Georgia," are especially popular. For the last twenty years of 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
355 
 
his life he was president of the Georgia historical society. He died 
 
at Savannah May 23, 1898. 
 
Jackson, Jabez, a prominent citizen of Clarkesville, the county 
 
seat of Habersham county, in the early part of the last century, 
 
was a native Georgian. He was a man of public spirit and enter 
 
prise, and his interest in questions of public policy led to his being 
 
elected to the lower house of Congress as a Union Democrat in 
 
1834. Two years later he was reflected. Upon retiring from Con 
 
gress he declined further political honors and died some years later 
 
at Clarkesville. 
 
: 
 
: 
 
; 
 
Jackson, James, fifth governor of Georgia, was born at Moreton, 
 
England, Sept. 21, 1757. Ih 1772 he came to Savannah and at once 
 
began the study of law. When the Revolution began he entered 
 
the Continental army as a lieutenant and was steadily .advanced 
 
until he became brigadier-general. In 1776 he was elected clerk of 
 
the court by the Provincial Congress and in 1788 was chosen gov 
 
ernor of the.state, but declined to serve on account of his youth and 
 
inexperience. He was a member of the convention that adopted 
 
the first constitution of Georgia, of which he wrote the greater 
 
part. He was a representative in the first Congress of the United 
 
States and a member of the first electoral college. In 1793 he was 
 
elected United States senator and served until 1795, when he 
 
resigned to enter the legislature as an avowed opponent of the 
 
Yazoo land grants. After the repeal of that act he was again elected 
 
to the legislature; was governor from 1798 to 1801, when he was 
 
again elected United States senator, a position he held to the time 
 
of his death, which occurred in Washington, D. C., on March 16, 
 
1806. 
 
: 
 
Jackson, Jamesi, lawyer; and legislator, was born in Jefferson 
 
county, Ga., Oct. 18, 1819.; In 1837 he:graduated at the University 
 
of Georgia and three years later began the practice of law at Athens. 
 
In 1845 he was elected representative in the state legislature- at 
 
the close of his term was made judge of the Western circuit, where 
 
he served until elected to represent his district in Congress in 1856; 
 
was reflected in 1858, but resigned, along with the other Georgia 
 
Congressmen, on Jan. 23, 1861, a little while after the state conven 
 
tion had passed the ordinance of secession. After the war he located 
 
in Atlanta. He was appointed one of the justices of the supreme 
 
court and subsequently chief justice, which position he held up to 
 
the datp of his death. He died at Atlanta on Jan. 13, 1887. 
 
 356 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Jackson, James U. This name at once Suggests a power in the material and civic progress and upbuilding of the city of Augusta and in the development of the great resotirces of the State of Georgia. A- man of great initiative power, sound judgment and keen discrimination, Mr. Jackson has shown a progressiveness that has passed into : new and broad fields of operation, while his unerring foresight and sagacity have prevented him from venturing on uncertain grounds. No man has done more to further the advancement of Augusta, and no citizen is more prominent in connection with affairs of broad scope and importance as bearing upon the general welfare. Mr. Jackson was born in Harrisonville, a suburb of the city of Augusta, Ga., June 24, 1856, a son of Maj. George T. and Catherine W. (Mixer) Jackson, the former born in Augusta, Dec. 29, 1822, and the latter in the; city of Boston, Mass., in 1830. George T. Jackson was a major in a Georgia regiment of the Confederate service during the Civil :war, and was one of the honored and influential citizens of Augusta, where he was identified with various important industrial enterprises up to the time of his death, which occurred on Feb. 11, 1889. : His widow passed away on Dec. 6, 1904, at the age of seventy-four years. James U. Jackson was grad uated in Richmond academy, Augusta, as a member of the class of 1873, winning the first: prize in oratory. In the autumn of the same year he became a ijnember of the sophomore class of the University of Georgia, in which he was graduated in 1876, with the degree of Bachelor of Science, sharing the. class honors with one other, and having gained; various collegiate honors while still an undergraduate. From 1876 to 1886 he w.as established in business as a stock and bond broker in Augusta, and in the latter year he was made vice-president of the Marietta & North Georgia Railroad Company, of which he later became president. In this executive position he accomplished:; a notable work in connection with the development of the marble quarrying and manufacturing interests of the state. He resigned: the: presidency of this company in 1889 and organized the North Augusta Land Company, which built the magnificent steel bridge over the Savannah river between Augusta, Ga., and North Augusta, S. C. This bridge represents an expendi ture of $85,000 for construction. Upon its completion it was pre- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
35.7 
 
sented to the city of Augusta in fee simple. Augustas fine new union railway station was secured largely through the personal efforts of Mr. Jackson, in the.capacity of general agent. He was president of the Augusta Southern Railway Company, and on Jan. 1, 1899, when he resigned, the employes of the system presented him with a handsome gold watch as a token of their appreciation of his services as president and general manager. He is president of the North Augusta Electric and Improvement Company, the Augusta & Aiken Railway Company, the North Augusta Hotel Company, the Augusta Railway and Electric Company, North Augusta Land Company, and the Georgia county fair association. Concerning the man and his labors the Augusta Chronicle of Aug. 15, 1904, gave an appreciative, estimate which is well worthy of permanent record in this publication: "If one who has watched Mr. Jacksons business career should ever write the story .thereof it would be as interesting as a romance and intensely incentive to the ambitious. When : the North Augusta bridge was constructed there were not a few who openly scoffed at the wisdom of the expenditure. Barren sand hills, clothed with pines and swamps along the river bank, were all.that the bridge led to. To-day it is the thronged highway ;that conducts you to a beautiful, prosperous and growing suburb, and in the winter to one of the souths most famous hostelries. But Mr. Jacksons efforts did not cease with the bridge. A trolley line to Aiken, S. C, was proposed and laughed at. It was built, nevertheless, and we all remember the celebration of its completion, two years ago, when the two cities were drawn closer together than before, by double bands of steel. Eloquent orators on that occasion avowed that the achievement was unprecedented in: this section and compared Mr. Jacksons touch to that of Aladdin. But his was not the touch of Aladdin; the difficulties confronted had been legion and were overcome only by the indomitable pluck and perseverence of the man, conjoined with the ability to make capitalists see the true value of the oppor tunities he offered. His speech in reply was characteristic and modest. His keynote was Augusta. All his efforts, all his energies had been concentrated: in behalf of the dear old town he loved so well. The Hampton :Terrace hotel was the next project of his fertile brain, and yet again the dubious shook their heads. But, undeterred by that, Mr. Jackson, ably assisted by his brother, Mr. Walter M. Jackson, went steadily ahead with the work, and the hotel now ranks with the Bon Air and other famous southern win ter resorts that attract their tens of thousands of wealthy north- 
 
 358 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
erners. Such men are invaluable to any city, and Augusta is proud of the fact that she numbers James U. Jackson among her leading citizens." It will thus be seen that Mr. Jackson has made a record for brilliant achievement along practical lines, and his forceful individuality is still proving potent in furthering the interests of Augusta and of the states of: Georgia and South Carolina at large. Many improvements have ibeen made in the street-railway service and electric-lighting service of Augusta since he and his associates assumed control, and his dominant energy and fine administrative powers cannot fail to find fiven greater exemplification in the days to come, for he is in the prime of a sturdy and useful manhood a man sincere, true-hearted and appreciative of the best in humanity and humanitys labors. In politics, though not active in a prac tical sense, he is a stanch advocate and supporter of the : cause of the Democratic party, and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South. Their magnificent modern residence, in North Augusta,: is a center of gracious hospitality. Mr. Jackson is a member? of: the Augusta Commercial club, the Benevolent and Protective -Order of Elks and the Royal Arcanum. For ten years he was orderly sergeant of the Richmond Hussars, of Augusta, having enlisted; as a private in the Georgia state troops when a student in the uniyersity and risen to the rank of captain. On Nov. 6, 1877, he was united in marriage to Miss Minnie S. Falligant, who died on Dec. 11, 1883, leaving one child, Walter M. On March 19, 1889, Mr. Jackson wedded his present wife, who was Miss Edith B. King, of Savannah, Ga., and they have four children, namely: Daisy King, Edith^B., James U., Jr., and John W. 
Jackson, John K., was born at Augusta, Feb. 8, 1838; was edu cated at Richmond academy and the South Carolina college at Columbia, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1848. A love of military life led him to join the Oglethorpe infantry, of which he was at one time captain, and later he became lieutenantcolonel of the battalion composed of the companies of Augusta. When Governor Brown called for troops at the beginning of the war he was among the first to respond, was made colonel of the Fifth Georgia, in May, 1861, and ordered with that regiment to Florida. The following January he was commissioned brigadiergeneral and transferred to Tennessee. He remained in active service until the close of :the war, when he again took up his professional work. He died at Milledgeville, Feb. 27, 1866. 
Jackson, Joseph W., was a native of Georgia and received his education in the schools of that state. He held several local offices 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
359 
 
at Savannah; was elected to both branches of the Georgia assembly from that district; was sent to the Thirty-first Congress to fill the unexpired term of Thomas B. King, and in 1850 was elected for the full term, expiring March 3, 1853, when he declined a reflection. He died at Savannah in September, 1854. 
Jackson, Rev. Oliver Napoleon, pastor 
of St. Anthonys church, an important Catholic parish in the west end of the city of Atlanta, was born in Louisville, pro 
vince of Quebec, Canada, Jan. 27, 1869, arid-is-a son of Dexter W. and Clotilde 
(Courtois)-Jackson, the former of whom 
was born in Monson, Me., Dec. 28, 1830, 
and the latter in Three Rivers, Canada, Dec. 29, 1830. The paternal grandfather 
was a pioneer of the old Pine Tree State and was a patriot soldier of the Continen 
tal line during the war of the Revolution. The maternal grandfather of Father Jackson was a native of France and took part in the Franco-Prussian war, after the close of which he was sent from Lyons, France, to New France, as a represenative of the French government. Four brothers of Dexter W. Jackson were Union soldiers in the Civil war, two having served as captains, one as first and one as second lieutenant, while two of the number sacrificed their lives in: the battle of Gettysburg. Father Oliver N. Jackson entered St. Marys college, Baltimore, Md,, in 1888, and was there graduated in 1897. He was ordained to the priesthood of the Catholic church on Sept. 11, 1898, at Wiimington, Del., Rt. Rev. Bishop Monaghan officiating. Father Jacksons first charge was in Norfolk, Va., and his second in Richmond, that state, where he remained two years, during which period he devoted his attention principally to missionary work. In 1900 he became pastor of St. Francis Xaviers church, Baltimore, Md., where he remained until 1902. On May 20th of ithat year he came to Georgia and affiliated with the Savannah diocese, and on Sept. 1, Bishop B. J. Keiley assigned him to his present pastorate in Atlanta. His work here has been attended with;:most gratifying results. Upon him fell the task of organizing a. congregation and erecting a church in the west end of the city. ; Within two years a congregation of two hundred and fifty persons was gathered together, and in the spring of 1906 will be initiated the building of a consistent church edifice. Father Jackson has had from the start the faithful cooperation of 
 
 360 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
his people, and his labors have been blessed with marked results 
 
in both a spiritual and temporal way, while his parish is destined 
 
to become one.of the leading ones of the city in the possibilities 
 
which it offers for consecrated and effective work on the part of 
 
priest and people. 
 
; 
 
Jackson, Walter M., of Augusta, is one of the leading real-estate 
 
men of this part of the state, being general manager of the North 
 
Augusta Land Company and president of the Homeseekers Invest 
 
ment Company. He was born in Augusta Aug. 25, 1852, and is a 
 
son of Maj. George T. and Catherine W. (Mixer) Jackson. After 
 
prosecuting his studies in.the local educational institutions and an 
 
excellent private school at; Mount Zion, Ga., Mr. Jackson was 
 
matriculated in the University of Georgia, in which he was grad 
 
uated as a member of the fclass of 1870, receiving the degree of 
 
Bachelor of Arts. Prior to 11890 he was identified with important 
 
manufacturing interests in Augusta, and since that -time he has 
 
given his undivided attention to the real-estate enterprises repre 
 
sented by the companies previously mentioned, the same having 
 
to do with the further upbuilding of that most attractive suburban 
 
district known as North Augusta. The Homeseekers Investment 
 
Company controls the entire area of unoccupied land in North 
 
Augusta, embracing 5,000 acres^ His residence, in North Augusta, 
 
is one of the most beautiful modern homes of this section, being 
 
an exquisite example of the colonial type of architecture. Further 
 
reference is made to North ; Augusta and its development in the 
 
review of the life of his brother, James U. Jackson, in a preceding 
 
paragraph. Mr. Jackson is a stanch Democrat, but has never been 
 
active in practical politics. ; He is a member of the Commercial 
 
club of Augusta, and of the local lodge of the Benevolent and Pro 
 
tective Order of Elks. On Nov. 21, 1872, Mr. Jackson was united 
 
in marriage to Miss Willie S. Brown, niece and adopted daughter 
 
of ex-Gov. Charles J. Jenkins, of Georgia. Mrs. Jackson.died in 
 
1888, and is survived by four children: Gertrude, who is the wife 
 
of Walter S. Cothran, of Rome, Ga.; Josephine, who remains at 
 
the paternal home; George T., a member of the Augusta bar; and 
 
Catherine W., who like-wise is a member of the home circle. 
 
Jacksonborough. By an act of the legislature on Feb. 15, 1799, 
 
Jacksonborough was designated as the county seat of Screven 
 
county. On Dec. 20, 1823, another act provided for the extension 
 
of the corporate limits of the;:town to a distance of one-half mile in 
 
every direction from the court-house. The removal of the county 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
361 
 
seat to Sylvania in 184? sapped the life out of Jacksonborough and 
 
in a few years it was entirely abandoned as a town. 
 
Jacksonville, a town in the southern part of Telfair county, is 
 
near the Ocmulgee river. In 1900 it reported a population of 150. 
 
It has a money order postoffice, some mercantile interests and is 
 
the commercial center for a large farming district. Barrows;Bluff, 
 
on the opposite side of the river, is the nearest railroad station, but 
 
the Ocmulgee river steamers give good shipping facilities. 
 
Jake, a post-hamlet in the extreme northern part of Carroll 
 
county, is about ten miles southwest of Bremen, which is the most 
 
convenient railroad station. 
 
; 
 
Jakin, a town in the southern part of Early county, was incor 
 
porated by act of the legislature on Dec. 16, 1895. It is located on 
 
the Atlantic Coast Line ! railway and in 1900: reported a population 
 
of 267. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph 
 
service, some mercantile and manufacturing establishments, schools, 
 
churches, etc. 
 
.; 
 
Jamaica, a post-village of Glynn county, is on one of the divisions 
 
of the Atlantic Coast Line railway, about twelve miles northwest 
 
of Brunswick. It has an express office, some mercantile interests, 
 
and in 1900 had a population of 72. 
 
James, a village of Jones county, is on the Macon & Camak divi 
 
sion of the Georgia railroad, about fifteen miles from Macon. It 
 
has a money order postoffice, is a trading and shipping point of 
 
some importance, and in; 1900 reported a population of 108. 
 
Jamestown, a post-village in the southern part of Chattahoochee 
 
county, with a population 1 of 71, is not far from the Chattahoochee 
 
river, upon which it mainly depends for transportation facilities. 
 
Jarnagin, William Carrollton, M. D., a 
 
successful practicing physician and sur 
 
geon of Atlanta, is a native of Macon, 
 
Noxubee county, Miss., where he was 
 
bom on Aug. 28, 1850, a son of Hampton 
 
Lea and Rebecca (McCaskill) Jarnagin, 
 
the former born in Morristown, Tenn., 
 
and the latter in Noxubee county, Miss. 
 
He received his literary education in the 
 
University of Mississippi; was graduated 
 
in 1872 in the medical department of the 
 
famous old University of Virginia, where 
 
he received his degree of Doctor of Med 
 
icine, and later took post-graduate work in New York City. He 
 
 362 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
began the practice of his profession in Macon, Miss., remaining thus engaged in his native: town for a period of nine years, at the expiration of which time he located in the city of Atlanta, where he has since been engaged in general practice. He has been most successful and is a close observer of the unwritten code of profes sional ethics, thus enjoying, the unqualified esteem of his confreres. He is a member of the American medical association, the Georgia state medical association and the Atlanta medical society; is iden tified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias and the Improved Order of Red Men, and in politics is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party. He served for several years as president of the city board of health. He and his wife are members of the Baptist church. On Nov. 17, 1873, Doctor Jarnagin was united in marriage to. Miss Sallie DuPree, daughter of Col. Louis and Sarah (Jones) DuPree, her father having been editor and publisher of the Memphis Appeal, Memphis, Tenn. Mrs, Jarnagin died on March 17, 1892, leaving no children, and on Jan. 17, 1894, the doctor married Miss Erskine Richmond, daughter of Jefferson L. and Eugenia (Simms) Richmond, of Atlanta. They have one child, Erskine, who was born Sept. 17, 1902. 
Jasper, the county seat ;of Pickens county, is located on the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern railway and was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1857. It was named in honor of the celebrated Revolutionary hero, Sergt. : William Jasper, has express and tele graph offices, a court house, ;a money order postoffice, several stores, churches, and schools belonging to the public school system. Ac cording to the United States census of 1900 Jasper had a population of 379 in the corporate limits. 
Jasper County was created as Randolph in 1807. In 1812 its name was changed to Jasper, in honor of Sergt,: William Jasper, who, when the flag at Fort Moultrie was shot from its staff, recov ered it at the risk of his life and held it aloft until :a new staff could be procured. In 1815 a part of the county was set off to Morgan and in 1821 another part was-given to Newton. It lies in the central part of the state and is bounded on the northeast by Morgan county, on the east by Putnam, on;:the south by Jones, on the: southwest by Monroe, on the west by Butts and on the northwest by Neyrton. The Ocmulgee separates it iifrom Butts on the west, and with its tributaries waters the county. The lands in the eastern part are rolling and very fertile. The southern part has a gray sOsL Cotton, corn, wheat, oats, rye, barley, sweet and Irish potatoes, sugar-cane and sorghum are the principal crops. Much hay is cured and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
363 
 
marketed and apples, peaches and grapes are shipped in great quan tities. There are immense water-powers along the Ocmulgee and Alcovy rivers and Murder creek, and factories are springing up along their banks. Monticello is the county seat. Other towns are Hillsboro, Shady Dale and Machen. Two lines of the Central of Georgia traverse the county diagonally, crossing at Machen, and the county roads are kept in excellent condition. The population in 1900 was 15,033, a gain of 1,154 since 1890. Jasper county occupies land once thickly settled by the Indians and a number of mounds along Murder creek remain as mementoes of the former inhab 
itants. 
Jay, a post-hamlet in the southern part of Bulloch county, is about ten miles southwest of Sherwood, which is the nearest railroad 
station. 
Jay, David B., ex-judge of the county 
court of Calhoun county, is one of the 
leading members of the bar in that section 
of the state and is engaged in successful 
practice at Fitzgerald, being also an or- 
i dained clergyman of the Missionary Bap- 
; tist church. He was born in Macon 
: county, Ga., Oct. 15, 1856, and is a son of 
: James L, and Priscilla A. (Price) Jay, the 
: former of whom was born in Edgefield, 
I S. C., Jan. 1, 1836, and the latter in Abbe- 
; ville, that state, Dec. 25, 1835. Of their 
: children five, besides the subject of this sketch, are living. They are: Mrs. R. M. Easters, of Macon; Wistar T., of Shellman, Randolph county; Oscar L., of Tifton, Tift county; Mrs. Jessie Clark, of Dublin, Laurens county; and James L., Jr., of Tifton. The father enlisted in the Confederate service in 1861, as a member of Company A, Tenth Georgia infantry, and served during practically the entire course of the war. David B. Jay, subject of this sketch, was educated in Howard college at Marion, Ala., afterward studied :law and was duly admitted to the bar of his native state. During the greater portion of his professional career he has been engaged in practice in Calhoun county, whence he removed to Irwin county and took up his residence in Fitzgerald, where he has since beeji established in a successful law practice. He served as judge of the county court in Calhoun county in 1888, and in 1902 was solicitor of the county court of Irwin county. In the year 1902 he was commissioned aide-de-camp on the mili- 
 
 364 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
tary staff of Governor Terrell, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel. 
 
He is a member of the Free and Accepted Masons, the Knights of 
 
Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and his polit 
 
ical allegiance is given to the Democratic party. On May 10, 1880, 
 
Judge Jay was united in marriage to Miss Annie May Clayton, 
 
daughter of Philip P. and Jane E. (Moore) Clayton, of Calhoun 
 
county, and she was summoned to the life eternal in 1900, being 
 
survived by one son, Philip C, and one daughter, Dixie B. In 
 
1901 Judge Jay was married to Miss Carrie Jean Goebler, of Fitz 
 
gerald. 
 
Jeff Davis County was laid off from Appling and Coffee counties, 
 
and organized by act of the legislature on Aug. 17, 1905. It was 
 
named in honor of Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederate 
 
States of America through the four years of the stormy existence 
 
of that republic. It is bounded on the north by Telfair, Montgom 
 
ery and Toombs counties, On the east and south by Appling and 
 
on the west and south by Coffee. The Ocmulgee and Altamaha 
 
rivers run along its northern boundary and the northern section 
 
of the county is watered by tributaries of those streams. Tribu 
 
taries of the Satilla river water its southern and western sections. 
 
The Southern railway crosses the county from northwest to south 
 
east. Over this road and also down the Altamaha river large quan 
 
tities of lumber are shipped to Brunswick and Darien. The lumber 
 
and turpentine industries give employment to many people. Some 
 
of the lands are specially adapted to long-staple or sea-island cotton, 
 
and produce also corn, oats, rice, sugar-cane, Irish and sweet pota 
 
toes, field peas, ground peasi, crab grass and peavine hay, garden 
 
products, peaches, pears, grapes, plums and watermelons. The 
 
forest timbers are varieties of oak, hickory gum, yellow or long- 
 
leaf pine, and cypress. Hazlehnrst, on the branch of the Southern 
 
railway that connects Macon and Brunswick, is the county seat. 
 
The county is in the Eleventh Congressional district and the Bruns 
 
wick judicial circuit. 
 
: 
 
Jefferson, the county seat of Jackson county, was incorporated by 
 
act of the legislature in 1806:, and was named in honor of Thomas 
 
Jefferson, the third president of the United States. It is the ter 
 
minus of a branch of the Gaihesville, Jefferson & Southern railway 
 
and is near the Oconee river. : Among the institutions are the court 
 
house, express and telegraph foffices, a- money order postoffice, with 
 
rural free delivery, a bank, cotton seed oil mill, a foundry, a hotel, 
 
and several stores. There is a good public school system, at the 
 
head of which is the Martin institute, named-in honor of its-founder. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
365 
 
The Methodists and Baptists have churches here. The population 
 
in 1900 was 7.26 in the town, and in the entire district of the same 
 
name there were 2,107 inhabitants. 
 
Jefferson County was laid out from Burke and Warren in 1796 
 
and was named for Thomas Jefferson, author of the Declaration of 
 
Independence and president of the United States from 1801 to 1809. 
 
It lies in the eastern part of the state and is bounded on the north 
 
by Richmond and McDuffie counties, on the east by Burke, on the 
 
south by Emanuel and Johnson, on the west by Washington, and 
 
on the northwest by Glascock and Warren. The Ogeechee river 
 
flows through the county and before the Central railroad was built 
 
was the medium of communication with Savannah. The soil varies 
 
in different localities. Being an old county, its fertility has been 
 
greatly reduced by injudicious treatment, but the introduction of 
 
scientific methods in the last few years has restored much of the 
 
land to its primitive productiveness. Crops can be produced every 
 
where, but the best lands are devoted almost exclusively to the 
 
production of cotton and corn, which are the chief crops. Apples, 
 
peaches, melons and vegetables receive some attention. The forests 
 
consist of long leaf pine, oak, walnut and other hard-woods, and a 
 
great deal of lumber is manufactured annually. The principal min 
 
erals are shell marl, limestone, buhrstone, agate and chalcedony, 
 
and there are several mineral springs. The Augusta Southern rail 
 
road crosses the northern part of the county from east to west, and 
 
the Central of Georgia funs across the southern portion. From 
 
Wadley, on this line, two short roads, the Stillmore Air Line and 
 
the Wadley & Mount Vernon, run southward, while the Ogeechee 
 
river provides water transportation. Louisville, the county seat, 
 
was the capital of the state for several years during the latter part 
 
of the eighteenth and the early years of the nineteenth century. 
 
Wadley, Matthews and Wrens are the most important towns. The 
 
population in 1900 was 18,212, an increase of 999 over the preceding 
 
census. 
 
: 
 
Jeffersonville, the county seat of Twiggs county, is located in the 
 
eastern part of the county on the line of the Macon, Dublin & 
 
Savannah railroad. It was incorporated by act of the legislature 
 
in 1837, about the time:: the county was organized. Besides the 
 
county offices the town has a money order postoffice, which sup 
 
plies mail to the adjacent territory by the rural free delivery 
 
system, telegraph and express offices, several business enterprises, 
 
a bank, schools belonging to the public school system, and several 
 
churches. Near by there; are some fine deposits of clay and recently 
 
 366 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
a pottery has been established to utilize this material. The popu lation in 1900 was 410. 
Jekyl Island. All along the Georgia coast are numerous islands. One of these is Jekyl island,; lying off the mainland of Glynn county, a little southeast of the city of Brunswick. It is about eight miles long and two and a half wide in the widest part. At the beginning of the troubles with Spain,;:General Oglethorpe established a small garrison on this island to watch the movements of the enemy. A brewery was also built there ; to make beer for the troops. On July 14, 1742, the Spaniards effected a landing and burned all the houses on the island. This beautiful island is now the property of a club which has stocked the woods with game and has the exclusive right to hunt on the land or to fish in the adjacent waters. 
; Jelks, Edwin Augustine, M. D., is one of the oldest and best known physicians and surgeons of Georgia, being a valued mem ber of the state board of medical exam iners, for many years engaged in the practice of his profession in Quitman, Brooks county, and holding the unequiv ocal -confidence and regard of the entire community in which he has so faithfully liyed and labored. He served with distiiiction in the Confederate ranks during the Civil war, principally in the exacting office of surgeon, and made a record of which both he and his descendants may well be proud. Doctor Jelks was born in Hawkinsyille, Pulaski county, Ga., Oct. 1, 1836, and is a son of James Oliver and Mary (Polhill) Jelks, the former of whom was born in Halifax county, N. C, and the latter in Waynesboro, Ga. James 0. Jelks served in the Seminole Indian war and represented Pulaski county in the state legislature, the genealogy being of Welsh and English extraction. The mother of Doctor Jelks was a daughter of Judge James Polhill, who served on the bench of what was known as the southern circuit, extend ing from Pulaski county to the Florida line. His brother, Judge John G. Polhill, was judge;!of the Ocmulgee circuit. The Polhill lineage is traced back to stanch English derivation. After a due preliminary discipline in the: common schools Doctor Jelks entered Mercer university, which was then located at Penfield, Ga., and after leaving this institution he was engaged in teaching for one year. In 1858-59-60 he took two courses of lectures in Jefferson 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
367 
 
medical college in the city of Philadelphia, Pa., but the rancor of the northern people against the South was so intense at this period, just before the outbreak of the war between the two sections, that he and his fellow students from the Southern States found the con ditions very unpleasant in the college, and about 450 left Philadel phia and returned to their homes in the south, being, in a. sense, the first secessionists. It may be said that Doctor Jelks later received his degree of Doctor .of Medicine from the South Carolina medical college at Charleston. On July 23, 1861, he enlisted as a private in Company I, Thirteenth Georgia volunteer infantry, which command was reorganized on May 1, 1862, as the Twenty-sixth Georgia regiment. Having appeared before the medical examining board and having passed a creditable examination, Doctor Jelks was appointed assistant surgeon of his regiment on Sept. 15, 1861, later being promoted regimental surgeon of the Twenty-sixth Georgia, after the reorganization already mentioned, and also serv ing as brigade surgeon.1 He was present in all the battles and minor conflicts in which his command took part, from first Cold Harbor to Appomattox, with the exception of Mine Run, which implies practically all the engagements in which General Lees noble and gallant army was involved. After the final surrender, at Appomattox, he was paroled and returned to his home. He has been engaged in the practice of his profession in Quitman since 1860, and during these long intervening years it is needless to say that he has endeared himself to the people of this locality, for he has ministered to them with all of kindliness and professional skill, being in the truest sense humanitys friend. He is identified with the leading medical associations, and is a member of the Georgia state board of medical examiners, as already stated. He is a stanch supporter of the cause; of the Democratic party, but has never sought or held political; office. For a number of years, however, he has rendered valuable service as a member of the board of edu cation of Quitman as well as that of Brooks county, taking a lively interest in all that concerns the well-being of the community. He is a member of the directorate of the Bank of Quitman and also of the Atlantic & Gulf cotton mills, of his home town. He is affiliated with the United Confederate Veterans and is a ruling elder in the Presbyterian church. On Nov. 10, 1863, Doctor Jelks was united in marriage;: to Miss Constance J. Atkinson, daughter of Edward and Elizabeth (Waddel) Atkinson, of Camden county, Ga., and they became the parents of four children, viz.: Mary Eliza beth, who died at the age of eighteen years; Sarah Josephine: and 
 
 368 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Edwin, who survive their mother; and Nellie Constance, who died 
 
in infancy. The second marriage of Doctor Jelks was to Miss 
 
Janie Eliza Sinclair, daughter of Benjamin W. and Susannah 
 
(Paries) Sinclair, of Brooks county. They have no children. 
 
Jenkins, Charles Jones, was born in Beaufort district, S. C., Jan. 
 
6, 1805, but came with his parents to Georgia when he was eleven 
 
years old, settling in Jefferson county. He "was educated in the 
 
best schools, of his native and adopted states, read law under 
 
John M. Berrien at Savannah, and was admitted to the bar in 1822. 
 
He practiced at Sandersville until 1829, when he removed to Au 
 
gusta ; was elected to the legislature in 1830; attorney-general of 
 
Georgia and solicitor of the ^middle circuit in 1831; resigned to re 
 
turn to the legislature, where he served from 1836 to 1841; was 
 
defeated in 1842, but was again elected the following year and 
 
served without interruption- to 1849, being speaker of the house 
 
three terms; reported the faiiious Georgia Platform to the conven 
 
tion of 1850; declined an appointment as secretary of the interior 
 
from President Fillmore, and in 1852 was a candidate for vice- 
 
president on the ticket with;; Daniel Webster. In 1860 he was ap 
 
pointed to a place on the supreme bench to fill the unexpired term 
 
of Linton Stephens, resigned, and served in that capacity until 
 
he became governor in 1865.;: He was removed from this office by 
 
General Meade in January, 1868, for refusing to issue a warrant 
 
to pay the expenses of the reconstruction constitutional convention, 
 
and went into retirement for a time, taking the seal of the ex 
 
ecutive office with him, and; placing the money of the State and 
 
its records in safe keeping. ; In 1872, when Governor Smith was 
 
inaugurated, Governor Jenkins returned the seal, records and 
 
funds to the new; administration. For years he was one of the 
 
trustees of the state university; served as president of the Mer 
 
chants & Planters bank of iiAugusta, and of the Augusta Cotton 
 
Mills. In 1877 he was president of the constitutional convention, 
 
which ended his public services. He died near Augusta, June 
 
13, 1883, and in August, 1905, the general assembly named a 
 
county in his honor. 
 
:; 
 
Jenkins County, was organized by act of the legislature on Au 
 
gust 17, 1905, and was laid off from the counties of Burke, Eman- 
 
uel, Bulloch and Screven. Itswas named in honor of Hon. Charles 
 
J. Jenkins, governor of the State during the stormy reconstruction 
 
period. It is bounded on the north by Burke, east by Screven, 
 
south by Bulloch and Emanuel and west by Emanuel and Burke. 
 
This county is well watered by the Ogeechee river and its numer- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
369 
 
ous tributary creeks. It is traversed by the Central of Georgia 
 
and the Millen & Southwestern railroads. The soil is well adapted 
 
to production of cotton, corn, wheat, barley, oats, rye, Bermuda, 
 
crab and wire grass, pea vine and field peas, ground peas, Irish and 
 
sweet potatoes. The horticultural products are vegetables of all 
 
kinds, peaches, pears, plums, melons and berries. The forest 
 
timbers are some hard woods, but chiefly yellow pine and cypress 
 
yielding excellent lumber and shingles. Marls are the only min 
 
eral product. Millen is the county seat. Jenkins county belongs 
 
to the First Congressional district and the Middle judicial circuit. 
 
Jenkins, Warren T., president of the 
 
.jJlllillllliu. 
 
Citizens bank of Vidalia, Toombs 
 
county, is one of the representative citi 
 
zens of that section of the state, where he has important capitalistic interests 
 
aside from those represented in his con nection with the solid banking institution 
 
of which he is the executive head. Mr. Jenkins was born in Robeson county, N. C, June 17, 1861, and is a son of Wil 
 
liam and Malinda (Townsend) Jenkins, 
; both of whom were likewise natives of 
: Robeson county, where the former was born in 1834, being fifty-four years of age at the time of his death. His wife died in 1864. William Jenkins was a loyal soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil war, as member of a North Carolina regiment, with which he: served until the close of the war, taking part in a number of the:important battles which marked the pro gress of the great conflict between1 the states. Warren T. Jenkins secured his preliminary : education in the common schools of his native county, where he also attended the Ashpole institute for one 
and one-half years. In ; 1882 at the age of twenty-one years he made his first independent venture, working for a salary for four years. In 1886 he engaged in the Naval Stores business in North Carolina and continued to be identified with this line of enterprise in that state for four years. In 1890 he came to Georgia and took 
up his residence at the place where Vidalia now is, (then only a pine forest,) being the first to settle at that place, where he con ducted a Naval Stores business for ten years, at the expiration of which he disposed of his local distillery there and engaged in the same line of business in Coffee and Screven counties, Ga., for a num ber of years. At the present time he is largely interested in the 
 
24-n 
 
; 
 
 3?0 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Naval Stores business in Florida. He is president of the VidaliaCotton Oil Mill Company, of Vidalia, and is also president of the Sea Island Cotton Gin Company, in addition to which he is a stockholder in the Consolidated Naval Stores Company, of Jack sonville, Fla. In 1901 Mr. Jenkins was one of the organizers and incorporators of the Citizens;:bank of Vidalia, as well as one of its principal stockholders and hei has been president of the institution from the time of its inception. The bank has a paid-in capital stock of $21,000 as indicated by the official statement issued on Nov. 9, 1905. Its surplus fund aggregates more than $7,000, while its loansand discounts aggregate more than $80,000. The bank is one of the solid and ably managed monetary institutions of this part of the state and it has received a gratifying support from the start. In politics Mr. Jenkins is an uncompromising supporter of the prin ciples and policies of the Democratic party. He has served twee as mayor of Vidalia and several terms as a member of tire town council. He is affiliated with the local lodge and chapter of :the Masonic fraternity, and also vnth the lodge of Knights o-i Pythias, and is a zealous and valued member of the Baptist ;Cnur-cii.: :ln May,. 1894, Mr. Jenkins was united:;in marriage to Misfit Jeri:fm: -Waters, daughter of John and Julia (Baker) Waters, of Vi<lalia> ;:a:ftd: iliey have four children, namely: Vera C., Arthur C., Julia and jjeMe. 
Jenkinsburg, a town in Butts county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Oct. 24, 1889. It is located on the Southern railway, not far from the Henry county line, and in 1900 had a population of 255. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, some good stores with a large country trade, and is the principal shipping point in the northern part of the county. 
Jenks Bridge. During the Civil war there was a bridge known by this name across the Ogeechee river, almost west of Eden Sta tion on the Central railroad. When the Federal advance reached the river at this point on Dec. 7, 1864, they found the bridge de stroyed and the passage of the river disputed by a small force of Confederates on the east bank. The Nineteenth Illinois infantry was left at the crossing, while the remainder of Hazens division made a diversion in the direction of the Cannouchee river and Bryan Court House. When General Corse arrived at the river he found the Illinois regiment in a line of rifle pits keeping up a hot fire on the Confederates on the other bank, but the fire was as hotly returned and every time- a head appeared above the slight earth works it was greeted by a bullet from a Confederate rifle. Corse ordered up a battery and opened fire with artillery. Under 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
371 
 
protection of the guns a pontoon bridge was constructed and in the face of a galling fire some of the men made a dash across the bridge and gained the opposite side. Finding the numbers too strong to cope with, the Confederates fell back toward Eden Station. 
Jennie, a post-village of Tattnall county, is on the Glennville & Register railroad, about ten miles south of Hagan. 
Jennings, Henry, the able and popular 
chief of the police department of the city 
of Atlanta, was born in Clarke county, 
Ga., April 2, :1839, and is a son of Henry 
and Nancy :(Laridrum) Jennings, both of 
whom were born in Virginia. The pater 
nal ancestors who came to Virginia in an 
early day were of English birth, and:the 
Landrum family lineage is traced back to 
the Isle of Wight, whence came the origi- 
- nal representatives in the New World. 
The two families were represented in the 
colonial wars and in the war of the Revol ution. The father of Atlantas chief of police was a farmer by vocation and passed the closing years of his life in Clarke county, as did also his wife. Their son Jefferson was a representative of Clarke county in what was known as the secession convention of Georgia, in 1861. Chief Jennings received a common-school educa tion and was reared on the;homestead farm. At the inception of the Civil war he was engaged: in teaching school, but in July, 1861, he volunteered in defense of the cause:of the Confederacy, as a private in the Troup artillery, a famous battery which was raised at Athens. His brothers James J. and Giles R. also enlisted as privates in the same command and at the same time, Henry Jen nings was commissioned second lieutenant of the battery in April, 1862, and in February, 1865, he was detached from his company and assigned to the charge of the ordnance of his battalion, a duty which entitled him to the :rank of captain, but the war closed soon afterward and he thus failed to receive his commission as such. His battery served with credit in the campaigns of the Army : of Northern Virginia, becoming a part of the battalion commanded by Col. Henry Coulter Cabell, in Gen. E. P. Alexanders artillery of Longstreets corps. Lieutenant Jennings served first in West Virginia, under Generals Lee and Loring; next was on the penin sula, under Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, participating in the retreat from Yorktown; was thereafter under Longstreet and Lee in the 
 
 372 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Seven Days battles before Richmond, and the engagements at 
 
Sharpsburg, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Spott- 
 
sylvania Court House, Cold:; Harbor and Petersburg. He was 
 
severely wounded in the battle of Gettysburg, being disabled for 
 
service for three months, and* was slightly wounded in one of the 
 
fights about Richmond. Finally, at the close of a gallant and 
 
devoted service, he was surrendered with the army of General Lee, 
 
at Appomattox. After the close of the war he was engaged in 
 
farming for several years, in Clarke county. In 18S4 he removed 
 
to Atlanta, and in 1887 he became a member of the police depart 
 
ment, in which he rose through the various grades, of prornotiorClo 
 
the position of senior captain; which office he resigned on Jan^: 1, 
 
1905, to take a position as assistant to the solicitor of the criminal 
 
court of Fulton county. He served in this capacity until the 1st of 
 
the following April, when he Hvas elected to his present irespofisi- 
 
ible position as chief of police; an office for which; he is admirably 
 
fitted, both through natural Characteristics and ;kM : experience. 
 
In politics he is a stanch Democrat; his religious fait h;; as;: that of 
 
the Baptist church; he is affiliated with Atlanta Camp; No. 159, 
 
United Confederate Veterans; is: a Knight Templar Mason and a 
 
Noble of the Mystic Shrine. In 1866 he was married to Miss Jane 
 
McWhorter, who died a few months later, and in 1868 he married 
 
Miss Fannie E. Callahan, who survived her marriage by only a 
 
few months. On June 7, 1871, he was united in marriage to Miss 
 
Sarah F. Jackson, daughter of Frank and Lucretia Jackson, of 
 
Clarke county. They have two children: Julian H. and Lillian F. 
 
Jersey, a town of Walton county, is not far from the Newton 
 
county line. The population-in. 1900 was 161. It has a money 
 
order postoffice, with rural routes radiating to the surrounding 
 
districts, and is a trading center: for that part of the county. Gres- 
 
ham, on the Gainesville, Jefferson & Southern, is the nearest rail 
 
road station. 
 
: 
 
Jessee, a post-hamlet of Union county, is in the Notely creek 
 
valley, about six miles west of Blairsville. Culberson, N. C., is the 
 
most convenient railroad station. 
 
Jesup, the county seat of Wayne county, was incorporated by 
 
act of the legislature in 1870 and its charter was amended in 1878. 
 
It is located on the Southern:: railway and at the junction of two 
 
branches of the Atlantic Coast Line, or Plant System. It is 
 
growing town and contains a :court house, an international money 
 
order post office and express t and telegraph offices. It is : in the 
 
midst of the yellow pine region and through the saw mills and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA.OF GEORGIA 
 
373 
 
turpentine distilleries in the vicinity its merchants and shippers 
 
make good profits from lumber and naval stores, and it is a market 
 
for vegetables and fruits. The Jesup district contains 1,713 in 
 
habitants, of whom 805 live in the town. They enjoy the educa 
 
tional advantages afforded by the public school system and 
 
religious privileges afforded by churches of different denomina 
 
tions. 
 
': 
 
, '. ' 
 
: 
 
Jesup Banking Company, of Jesup, 
 
Wayne county, is &. solid and well man 
 
aged institution and is a state depository. 
 
The company was organized, March ::13, 
 
1902, and.its officers-are as follows: C.iW. 
 
Been, president; Leonard Carter, vice- 
 
president; D. M. Parker, cashier. In iad- 
 
dition to the president and vice-president 
 
the directorate of the institution includes 
 
.S. F. Ellis, Ira M. Raybon and O. F. 
 
Littlefield. The bank has a capital stock 
 
of $35,000; real estate and fixtures valued 
 
LEONARD CARTER, V. P. 
 
at $7,330.66; a surplus of $10,000, accord 
 
ing to official statement rendered March 13, 1906, and by the same 
 
the undivided profits are indicated as $6,570.50, while the individ 
 
ual deposits are in excess; of $56,000. The business is ably con 
 
ducted and the enterprise is one of marked value to the community, 
 
affording excellent facilities and being fortified by the co-operation 
 
of substantial and honored citizens. 
 
Jet, a post-hamlet in the extreme northwest corner of Carroll 
 
county, is about five miles from Hopewell, Ala., which is the 
 
nearest railroad station, i 
 
Jette, Frank S., senior member of the firm of F. S. Jette & Son, 
 
dealers in coal and wood, Savannah, was long identified with rail 
 
road interests, and he has ;been a resident of Savannah since 1890. 
 
He was born in Marietta, Washington county, Ohio, Aug. 12, 1860, 
 
and is a son of Ephraim and Ruth Root (Sheldon) Jette, the former 
 
born in Washington county, Ohio, and the latter in Wilkesville, 
 
Vinton county, that state. :The father was a contractor and builder 
 
by vocation, was a Union: soldier during the Civil war, was born 
 
Feb.-8, 1820, and died, in Marietta, Ohio, Feb. 28, 1892. His wife 
 
was born Feb. 25, 1827, and she still resides in Marietta. Three 
 
children survive the honored father, namely: Edward Thomas, who 
 
is the owner of a large book and stationary store in St. Louis, Mo.; 
 
Frank Sheldon, the subject of this sketch; and Hattie May, who 
 
 374 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
remains with her widowed mother. Thomas and Elizabeth (Posey) 
 
Jette, grandparents of Frank S., were natives of Ohio and represent 
 
atives of families early founded in that state. The maternal grand 
 
parents were Edward and Parla (Blakely) 
 
Sheldon. Parla Blakely was a daughter 
 
of;! Ruth Root Blakely, who was of the 
 
same family of which Hon. Elihu Root, 
 
the present secretary of the United States, 
 
is ia representative, while in the maternal 
 
line also the descent is traced in a col 
 
lateral way to the distinguished Rev. 
 
Jonathan Edwards, first president of 
 
Princeton college. Frank S. Jette at 
 
tended the public schools f Marietta, 
 
Ohio, until he had attained the age of 
 
seventeen years, when he w:etit to St. 
 
Louis, Mo., where he was a salesman in a book store about two 
 
years. From May 1, 1879^ to Dec. 1, 1881, he was .a clerk in 
 
the office of the Vandalia: railroad in St. Louis, a;:i:<| : he then 
 
went to Nashville, Tenn., where : he held a clerkship in the freight 
 
office of the Louisville & Njashville railroad until Dec. 1, 1884. 
 
Thereafter he served until Aug. 1, 1887, as chief rate clerk in the 
 
office of the general freight1 agent of the same road, in Louisville, 
 
Ky. He then assumed the; position of chief clerk to the general 
 
freight agent of the Western railway of Alabama, with headquar 
 
ters in the city of Montgomery, retaining this incumbency until 
 
Feb. 1, 1890, after which he served until Nov. 8, 1892, as chief clerk 
 
to the general manager of the Central of Georgia railroad, in 
 
Savannah, where he has since maintained his residence. On Nov. 
 
8, 1892, Mr. Jette was appointed superintendent of transportation 
 
for the Central of Georgia,!: which position he held until Dee. 9, 
 
1903, after which he served a short time as assistant to the general 
 
manager of the same road. ;;He then resigned his position, and on 
 
Aug. 1, 1904, he engaged in::the coal and wood business, under the 
 
present firm name, having ;:built up an excellent trade. He is a 
 
Democrat in politics, a deacon in the First Baptist church, a mem 
 
ber of the lodge, chapter and commandery of the Masonic fratern 
 
ity, and also of the Mystic :;Shrine. Nov. 30, 1881, Mr. Jette was 
 
united in marriage to Miss;! Julia Louise Bouchard, of St. Louis, 
 
Mo., and they have three children Paul Eldridge, Eugene 
 
Sheldon, and Josephine Louise. The elder son is associated with 
 
his father in business. 
 
; 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
375 
 
Jewells, a town in the eastern part of Hancock county, was 
 
incorporated by act of the legislature in 1872. The population in 
 
1900 was 500. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free 
 
delivery, several mercantile concerns, a cotton mill with 4,000 
 
spindles and 121 looms, good chttrch and school accommodations, 
 
express and telegraph service, etc. Mayfield, two miles north, on 
 
the branch of the Georgia railroad that runs from Augusta to 
 
Macon, is the nearest railroad station. 
 
Jewellville, a post-town in the eastern part of Banks county, 
 
reported a population of 103 in 1900. Alto and Maysville, each 
 
about twelve miles distant, are the nearest railroad stations. 
 
Jimps, a village of Bulloch county, is six miles southwest of 
 
Statesboro, on the Dover & Brewton division of the Central of 
 
Georgia railroad, and in 1900 had a population of 81. It has a 
 
money order postoffice, some mercantile interests, and is a shipping 
 
point of some importance. 
 
Jockey, a post-hamlet of Pickens county, is four miles due west 
 
of Nelson, which is the nearest railroad station. 
 
Joe, a post-hamlet in the eastern part of Cherokee county, is not 
 
far from the Milton and Forsyth county lines. Canton, twelve 
 
miles west, is the most convenient railroad station. 
 
John, a post-hamlet in the northeast corner of Monroe county, 
 
is some five miles southwest of Cork, which is the nearest railroad 
 
station. 
 
l 
 
Johnson County was created in 1858 from Laurens and Emanuel 
 
counties, and named in honor of Herschel V. Johnson, governor for 
 
four years of Georgia and candidate for vice-president on the 
 
Douglas ticket in 1860. It is bounded on the north by Washington 
 
county, on the northeast by Jefferson county, on the east and 
 
southeast by Emanuel icounty, on the south and southeast by 
 
Laurens and on the west by Laurens and Wilkinson. The Oconee 
 
and Ohoopee rivers with their tributaries drain the country. The 
 
land is level and easily cultivated, producing good crops of cotton, 
 
corn, wheat, Irish and sweet potatoes, sorghum and sugar-cane, 
 
while the native grasses and the pine woods furnish range for stock. 
 
All kinds of berries, fruit, and vegetables are raised for home con 
 
sumption. About half the original forests still stand, though the 
 
timber is rapidly being : converted into lumber, which is shipped 
 
to Savannah, and turpentine and rosin are important articles of 
 
export. The Wrightsville & Tennille and the Wadley & Mount 
 
Vernon railroads traverse the county, and by connecting with the 
 
Central of Georgia, and the Macon, Dublin & Savannah afford ex- 
 
 376 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
cellent facilities for transportation. Wrightsville is the county seat. The population of the county, according to the census of 1900 was 11,409, an increase; of 5,380 since 1890. Recently there has been great improvement in the educational system of the county. Besides the public schools, the Nannie Lou Worthen In stitute, at Wrightsville, is well attended. 
Johnson, Herschel Vespasian, lawyer and statesman, was born in Burke county Sept. 18, 1812. In 1834 he graduated at the University of Georgia and having studied law under Judge Gould while attending college was -soon after admitted to the bar. He practiced at Augusta for about five years, when he located in Jefferson county. In 1840 He was nominated for Congress, but declined to make the race. Two years later he ran and was de feated. In 1844 he was one ;of the Polk electors and was promi nently supported for governor in the Democratic convention the following year. In 1848 he was appointed by Governor Towns to fill the unexpired term of Walter T. Colquitt in the United States senate; was a delegate to the;; Democratic national convention that year; elected judge of the superior court in 1849; elector for the state at large on the Pierce ticket in 1852 : nominated and elected governor in 1853 ; reflected in 1855 ; candidate for vice-president on the ticket with Stephen A. Douglas in I860 ; delegate to the secession convention of 1861, -where he offered a substitute for the ordinance proposing immediate secession ; elected Confederate state senator in 186.2; president of the constitutional convention of 1865; elected United States senator :in January, 1866, though he was dis franchised by the act of Congress and not permitted to serve; was appointed judge of the superior court in 1873 and held the position until his death in Jefferson county on August 16, 1880. 
Johnson, James, was born in Robinson county, N. C, Feb. 24, 1810, of Scotch parentage. He graduated at the University of Geor gia; taught school while studing law; was admitted to the.bar in 1835 and soon won a place in:; the front rank of his profession and as a politician; was elected to;: Congress in 1850; was a delegate in the American Party conventions of IS5? and 1858; became provis ional governor at the close of the war by appointment of President Johnson; was appointed collector for the port of Savannah in 1866 after being defeated in the race for state senator; resigned this po sition in 1870 to become judge of the superior court, and was one of the presidential electors ort the Republican ticket in 1872. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
377 
 
Johnson, Walter H., is the incumbent 
of the office of United States marshal 
for the northern district of Georgia, and maintains his home in the city of Atlanta. 
He was born in Columbus, Muscogee county, Ga., Oct. 10, 1847, and is a son of James and Anna (Harris) Johnson. 
His father, who was a lawyer by vocation, was one of the prominent and influential 
citizens of Georgia, having represented 
the same in Congress, to which he was 
elected in 1852, was appointed provis 
ional governor of the state in 1865; and was afterward judge of the Chattahoochee circuit. Walter H. Johnson was educated in the schools of his native city, where he was reared to manhood. In politics he is a stanch supporter of the Republican party. He served as postmaster of Columbus from 1874 to 1882, and thereafter served as collector of internal revenue until 1885. He was again appointed to this office in 1889, and remained the incumbent of the same until 1893. In 1897 he was appointed United States marshal for the northern district of Georgia, and has since served continuously in this office. He is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and belongs to the Methodist church. In January, 1877, Mr. Johnson was united in marriage to Miss Florence Verstelle, daughter of Capt. Henry AV. Verstelle, and she died on Sept. 13,; 1890, being survived by two children, Nellie, who is the wife of Floyd C. Furlow, of Atlanta; and Folger, who is attending Columbia University of New York. 
: Johnston, Hal L., of Palmetto, Camp 
bell county, was for a number of years, actively and successfully engaged in the 
practice of dentistry, but is now giving his attention principally to the manage 
ment of the plant and business of a well equipped cotton mill at Palmetto. He ;was born in the city of Rome, Ga., Jan. 
4, 1852, and is a son of William and Mary iA. (Hardin) Johnston, both of whom 
were born and reared in Georgia. The fa- 
therwas for many years identified with the 
transportation business, with the Georgia Central railroad, having ;charge of boats on the Tombigbee and 
 
 378 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Mobile rivers. He died Feb. 11, 1891, in Atlanta and his first wife, 
 
mother of the subject of this sketch, died in September, 1853, her 
 
remains being laid to rest at Rome. Doctor Johnston was afforded 
 
the advantages of the common schools, after which he learned 
 
the dental profession under an excellent instructor, and became 
 
skilled in all departments of : the work. He took tip his residence 
 
in Palmetto in 1870, and there followed his profession about four 
 
teen years. He then removed to Atlanta, where he was interested 
 
in a wholesale grocery business until 1899, when he returned to 
 
Palmetto and identified himself with his present line of industry, 
 
being vice-president and general-manager of the company with 
 
which he is connected. In politics he is a stalwart in the camp of 
 
Democracy; has rendered effective service as a member of the 
 
state executive committee, as well as the county and congressional 
 
committees of his party; and has represented his county in the 
 
state legislature. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and 
 
both he and his wife are valued members of the Methodist Episco 
 
pal church South. On Oct.: 8, 1872, Doctor Johnston was mar 
 
ried to Miss Ella Carleton, daughter of John and Cecely (Griffith) 
 
Carleton, of Palmetto, and of the six children of this union only 
 
two are living; Herman L., who is now in the government educa 
 
tional service in the Island of Guam, and Nellie Estelle, wife of 
 
John E. Smith, a manufacturer and prominent business man of 
 
Atlanta. 
 
. 
 
Johnston, J. Harry, vice-president and 
 
manager of the R. W. Burnham Furni 
 
ture; Company, 1124 Broadway, Augusta, 
 
one : of the oldest and most important 
 
concerns of the sort in the city, was born 
 
in Milledgeville, Baldwin county, Ga., 
 
Nov. 14, 1870. He is a son of John W. 
 
and Martha A. (Wood) Johnstan, the 
 
former a native of Kingston, Cherqkee 
 
county, Ala., and the latter was born 
 
neat Sandersville, Washington county, 
 
Ga.:. The father, who followed mechani 
 
cal ipursuits during the, greater portion 
 
of his active career, is now living retired in Summervilley an at 
 
tractive suburb of Augusta. : The mother died in Milledgeville, 
 
May 6, 1888, and is survived ;by two children the subject of this 
 
review and Birdie, who is now the wife of Edward W. James, of 
 
Augusta. After a preliminary course of study in the public schools 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
379 
 
of Milledgeville, J. Harry Johnston entered the Georgia military 
 
college, in that city, where he remained a student until he had 
 
attained to the age of eighteen years. He then, in 1888, took up 
 
his residence in Augusta, being here employed about three years 
 
as bookkeeper for the firm of Thomas & Maxwell, dealers in furni 
 
ture. He then went to Atlanta, where he was bookkeeper for two 
 
years in the office of George E. Hoppie, president of the Atlanta 
 
Traction Company and the Atlanta Bank Punch Company. In 1893 
 
he returned to Augusta and became bookkeeper for the late R. W. 
 
Burnham, who was engaged in the furniture business at 1138 
 
Broad street. He has ever since been identified with this old and 
 
popular house, the concern being now known as the R. W. Burn- 
 
ham Furniture Company, under which title it was incorporated on 
 
Aug. 29, 1900. Shortly after taking the position of bookkeeper 
 
Mr. Johnston was promoted to the position of manager, holding 
 
this office both prior to and for several years after the death of 
 
Mr. Burnham, who passe.d away on Dec. 13, 1895. Upon the incor 
 
poration of the business he acquired an interest in it and has since 
 
been vice-president and manager of the company, which has made 
 
significant advancement tmder his able and indefatigable super 
 
vision, being not only one of the oldest furniture houses in Augusta, 
 
but also one of the best known and most.popular. Mrs. B. Burn- 
 
ham, widow of the late R. W. Burnham, is president of the com 
 
pany, and her minor son, R. B. Burnham, is also a stockholder 
 
in the concern. The attractive headquarters of the company have 
 
been maintained in the present location since 1890, and the estab 
 
lishment is equipped with a large and select stock in all lines of 
 
furniture. Mr. Johnston is a Democrat in his political allegiance, 
 
is a Master Mason, is identified with the Independent Order of 
 
Odd Fellows and the Order of Beavers, and became a member of 
 
the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks on Dec. 13, 1905. On 
 
Nov. 17, 1895, he was united in marriage to Miss Mamie Almena 
 
Shields, of Thomson, MeDuffie county, Ga., and they have two 
 
children, Harry Shields,- born Nov. 22, 1896, and Bessie, born 
 
May 26, 1899. 
 
; 
 
Johnston, Philip P., judge of the city court of Waynesboro and 
 
recognized as one of the representative members of the bar of 
 
Burke county, was born 6n a plantation near the city of Tallahas- 
 
see, Leon county, Fla., Sept. 19, 1854. He is a son of George C. S. 
 
and Maria H. (Whitehufst) Johnston, the former of whom was 
 
born in Charles county, Md., in 1805, and the latter in Leon county, 
 
Fla., in 1814. As a young man the father removed from his native 
 
 380 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
commonwealth to Florida, becoming a successful planter of Leon county, while he was also a local preacher in the Methodist Episco pal church South. His first wife died in 1866, in Fernandina, Fla., 
and he later removed to Barnesville, Ga., where he married a second time. He passed the remainder of his life in this state, his death having occurred, in Bibb county, in 1878. He was of English and Scotch lineage, having been a son of George Johnston, who was of English descent, and of Frances (Smoot) John ston who was of Scotch descent. Her father was a Scotsman who escaped from an English prison on the day before he was to have been executed for having taken part in a patriotic rebellion in Scot land. He became a stowaway on a vessel bound for America and lo cated in Maryland, where he passed the remainder of his life. Judge Johnston secured his earlier educational discipline in Fletcherville institute, at Thomasville, Ga., and in a school conducted by Capt. M. C. Edwards at Spring-vale, this state. He left school in his six teenth year and passed the following two years in southern Florida. At the age of eighteen in 1873, he took up his residence in Waynesboro, where he has since made hjs home. Here he took up the study of law. The notably receptive power of his intellect was shown in the fact that after but nine months technical reading he was able to pass the required examination which entitled him to admission to the bar, this being in November, 1873. Though but nineteen years of age at the time, he forthwith entered upon the active practice of his profesion, in which he has attained marked prestige and met with unequivocal success, being known as one of the leading lawyers of eastern Georgia and having been concerned in much of the important litigation in the courts of this section. In 1903 he was elected to his present office. He is a stanch supporter of the prin ciples of the Democratic party, but has invariably declined to become a candidate for office of purely political nature, but was induced to accept the judgeship of the city court in view of the fact that the judge of this court: is permitted to practice law in all courts except his own and he is therefore still engaged in the active practice of his profession. He and his wife are prominent members of the Waynesboro Methodist Episcopal church South, in which he is a steward and trustee. He is a Roval-Arch Mason and is at 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
381 
 
the time of this writing incumbent of the office of worshipful master 
 
of Waynesboro Lodge, No. 274, Free and Accepted Masons. On 
 
Dec. 11, 1883, was solemnized the marriage of Judge Johnston to 
 
Miss Lena P. Shewmake, daughter of Judge John T. and Elizabeth 
 
P. (Jones) Shewmake, of Augusta, Ga. Her parents were both 
 
natives of Burke county, where they remained until their removal 
 
to Augusta. Judge and Mrs. Johnston have four children: John S. 
 
is studying law in the office of his father; Nona was recently 
 
graduated in the Wesleyan female college at Macon; and Lena and 
 
Adele are attending school in Waynesboro. 
 
Johnston, Richard Malcolm, author and educator, was born in 
 
Hancock county, Ga., March 8, 1822. .His boyhood was spent upon 
 
his fathers plantation of over 2,000 acres of land. In 1841 he 
 
graduated with high honors at Mercer university, after which he 
 
taught for about a year, when he began the study of law. Upon 
 
being admitted he began practice at Sparta. Some years later he 
 
was tendered a judgeship in the northern circuit of the state, and 
 
about the same time was offered the presidency of his alma mater. 
 
He declined both, however, to become professor of belles-lettres in 
 
the state university at Athens, which position he held until the 
 
commencement of the Civil war. Subsequently he established a 
 
preparatory school at Rockly, which became known all over the 
 
Southern States. A few years after the war he removed his school 
 
to Chestnut Hill, near Baltimore, Md., where it took the name of 
 
the Pen Lucy Institute. ; He published several works, the best 
 
known being " Dukesborough Tales," "Georgia Sketches," "A 
 
Historical Sketch of English Literature," and a "Life of Alexander 
 
H. Stephens." He died in; 189S. 
 
Johnston Station, a town in the southwestern part of Liberty 
 
county, is on the AtlanticCoast Line railroad, and in 1900 had a 
 
population of 300. It has- a money order postoffice, express and 
 
telegraph offices, and is the commercial center for that section of 
 
the county. 
 
Johnstonville, a post-village of Monroe county, with a population 
 
of 48, is a short distance north of Goggansville, which is the nearest 
 
railway station. 
 
i 
 
Johntown, a post-hamlet in the northwestern part of Dawson 
 
county, is eight miles east of Jasper, which is the most convenient 
 
railroad station. 
 
: 
 
Joice, a post-hamlet of Tattnall county, is about two miles west 
 
of Coe, which is the nearest railroad station. 
 
 382 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Joiner, a post-hamlet in the eastern part of Dodge county, is not far from the Laurens county line. Eastman, ten miles west, is the nearest railroad station. 
Jolly, a post-village of Pike county, is on the Columbus & McDonough division of the Southern railway, and about five males w;est of Zebulon. It has an express office, a good local trade, and does some shipping. 
Jones, a post-hamlet of Mclntosh county, is on the Seabord Air Line railway, not far from Darien Junction. It is a small place, but has a good local trade and does some shipping. 
Jones, Charles Colcock, lawyer and historian, was born in the city of Savannah, Oct. 28, 1831. In 1852 he graduated at Princeton and three years later at the Harvard law school. In 1856 he was admitted to the bar and began practice in his native city in part nership with John E. Ward. In 1860 he was elected mayor of Savannah and just before the outbreak of the Civil war made many speeches in different parts of the state in favor of secession. In 1862 he entered the army of the Confederate States as colonel of artillery and served until the close of the war, surrendering with Johnstons army in April, :1865. The following December he removed to New York cityj where he practiced law until 1876, when he returned to Georgia and took up his residence in Augusta. From that time until his death he was interested in the study of the archselogical remains of Georgias former inhabitants. On this subject he wrote a number of interesting pamphlets, most of which are to be found in the collections of the Georgia Historical Society. He was also the author of several other w,orks, the most important of which is a history of Georgia in two volumes. From 1879 until his death he was president 6f the Confederate survivors associa tion of Augusta. Altogether1 his published works number fourteen books, ten pamphlets, and ?twenty-nine addresses. He died at Augusta on July 19, 1893. ;i 
Jones County was laid out in 1807 and was named for Hon. James Jones, of Chatham county. It was enlarged by the addition of a part of Putnam in 1810; and a part of it was taken to form Bibb county in 1822. It is abounded on the north by Jasper and Putnam counties, on the east by Baldwin, on the south by Wilkinson, Twiggs and Bibb, ancj on the west by the Ocmulgee river, which separates it from the counties of Bibb and Monroe. The surface is undulating and in places hilly and broken. The soil was originally very productive, but injudicious cultivation has greatly reduced its fertility. It is being reclaimed, however, in recent 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
383 
 
years, by the introduction of modern methods and the scientific application of commercial fertilizers. The results are seen in a marked increase in the yield of cotton, wheat, sweet and Irish pota toes, the various kinds of peas, corn and sugar-cane. Some hay is raised and considerable attention is given to fruit culture. The forests contain hickory, oak, poplar and short leaf pine, but the output of lumber is small. Along the Ocmulgee and other streams where there is water-power manufacturing is carried on to some extent. A vein of kaolin of excellent quality runs through the county and is now, being .worked. Clinton, the former county seat, is situated near the Macon & Athens division of the Central of Georgia railroad, the main line of which runs along the southern border, and a branch of the Georgia system also crosses the county. Gray is the county seat. Among the early settlers were Benjamin Reynolds and John Lamar, Revolutionary veterans, the former of whom was compelled to flee from South Carolina to escape the persecutions of the Tories after the war was over. The population in 1900 was 13,358, an increase of 649 during the preceding decade. 
Jones, Francis Fitch, has built up a 
prosperous enterprise as a factor of naval 
stores in the city of Savannah, where he 
. has resided for a decade and a half. He 
was born in the city of Charleston, S. C, 
: March 18, 1860, and is a son of Augus- 
tus H. Jones, a representative cotton 
; factor of that state and a son of Wiswall 
. Jones, who also was born in Charleston, 
; as was Augustus H. The mother of the 
: subject of this sketch bore the maiden 
: name of Julia Ann Fitch, and she is now 
: a resident of Savannah, her husband being deceased. Francis F. Jones was reared and educated in his native city, and he has been connected with the cotton and navalstore trade from his boyhood to the present, so that his success is based on solid foundations of experience and definite knowledge of values. He came to Savannah in 1890, and here he has risen to prominence in his chosen line of enterprise, being numbered among the representative business men of the fair old city. He is a mem ber of the Savannah board of trade and chamber of commerce, the Savannah Yacht club, the Soiree club, and also holds membership in those two noble organizations, the Sons of the Revolution and the Society of the Colonial Wars, being governor of the latter for 
 
 384 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the State of Georgia, while in the former he is a member of the 
 
board of managers for this state. He is a stalwart Democrat and 
 
takes a lively interest in local affairs, having served one term of 
 
two years as a member of the board of aldermen of Savannah. 
 
Jones, George, United States senator, was appointed to that 
 
position to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Abraham Bald 
 
win, and served from Oct. 26 to Dec. 9, 1807. Aside from this 
 
fact it seems that but little is known of his career. 
 
Jones, Henry A., M. Dv is one of the 
 
.;::::|;||||s:||:i|:::, 
 
leading : representatives of his profession 
 
in Jenkins county, maintaining his resi 
 
dence and professional headquarters in 
 
Millen, the county seat. He was born 
 
in Herndon, Burke county, Ga., Aug. 27, 
 
1868; and is a son of Henry W. and Mar 
 
tha (Aiken) Jones, the former of whom 
 
was likewise born in Herndon, Sept, 24, 
 
1824; and the latter in Madison, Morgan 
 
county, in May, 1830. Henry W. Jones 
 
rendered valuable service as an engineer 
 
for the Confederacy during the war be 
 
tween the states, having beeii. connected with a Georgia regiment. 
 
After the war he became one of the successful planters of Burke 
 
county, where he continued to reside until his death, which 
 
occurred on Aug. 8, 1900, while his widow was summoned to the 
 
life eternal in December, 1902. She was a daughter of Bartley and 
 
Lucy (Cummings) Aikeh, trite latter having been a daughter of a 
 
prominent physician in Virginia. The paternal grandparents of 
 
Doctor Jones were Henry Philip and Sarah (Vickers) Jones, of 
 
Burke county, where the respective families were early founded. 
 
Doctor Jones secured his literary education in Emory college at 
 
Oxford, Ga., and he then entered the medical department of the 
 
University of New York, in -jjvhich he was graduated as a member 
 
of the class of 1892, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He 
 
initiated the practice of his profession in Herndon, Burke county, 
 
where he remained four years, at the expiration of which, in 1896, 
 
he located in Millen. Here :;he has built up a fine practice and 
 
gained a strong hold on popular confidence and esteem. He is a 
 
close student of his profession and keeps abreast of the advances 
 
made in the same, while he is a frequent contributor to leading 
 
medical periodicals. He is a; member of the Medical Association 
 
of Georgia, and is a local surgeon of the Millen & Southwestern 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
385 
 
railway. In politics he is a loyal supporter of the cause of the Democratic party, and he and his wife are members of the Meth odist Episcopal church South, in which he is a trustee. He is affiliated with the lodge, chapter and commandery of the Masonic fraternity, and with its adjunct organization, the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and also with the Inde pendent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. He was for several years a member of the Burke Troop of cavalry, a part of the First Georgia regiment, and he served for a time as regimental surgeon. On Nov. 28, 1897, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Daniel, daughter of Elias Daniel, of Millen, and they have one daughter, Miriam Daniel Jones, born May 4, 1899. 
Jones, James, was born in Maryland, but moved with his family to Georgia when he was very young. As a child he received but little education, but on reaching maturity he studied law and was admitted to the bar. He served for several terms in the state legislature, and was elected representative in Congress in 1798. He died at Washington, D. C, in 1801. 
Jones, John J., lawyer and legislator, was born in Burke county, Ga., in 1824. After graduating at Emory college he studied law and in 1848 was admitted to the bar. He served as a member of the state legislature and in 1858 was elected to represent his dis trict in the lower house of Congress. On Jan. 23, 1861, he resigned his seat, along with the other members of the Georgia delegation, and soon afterward entered the Confederate service as a lieutenant. After the war was over he returned to the practice of his pro fession in Burke county, in which he continued until his death in 1898. At the time of his death he was commissioner of roads and revenues of the county.: 
Jones, John W., physician and legislator, was born on April 14, 1806, in Montgomery county, Md. AVhile still in his boyhood he went with his parents ;to Kentucky, where he received a liberal education and took up;the study of medicine. After graduating at the Jefferson medical college, of Philadelphia, Pa., he located at Griffin, Ga., and in a few years came to be recognized as one of the leading physicians of the state. In 1846 he was elected to Congress as a Whig, but after one term returned to the practice of his profession, removing to Alabama. A few years later he returned to Georgia and was for some time a professor in the Medical College of Georgia, at Augusta. 
 
25-11 
 
 386 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Jones* Lodrick Mathews, M. D., is an 
 
able member of the medical staff of the 
 
Georgia state sanitarium, at Milledge- 
 
ville, in which he is assistant physician. 
 
He was born on a farm in Twiggs 
 
count}-, this state, April 28, 1850. In the 
 
same county were also born his parents, 
 
Thomas H. and Martha A. (Tharp) 
 
Jones,: who there passed their entire lives, 
 
the father having been a planter by voca 
 
tion and for many years tax collector of 
 
his native county. He was a son of 
 
Thomas and Mary (Mathews) Jones, 
 
and his wife was a daughter of Charnac A. Tharp, the maiden 
 
name of whose wife was Jefferson. Doctor Jones secured his 
 
early educational discipline in :the common schools of his native 
 
county, after which he continued his studies in Mercer university. 
 
In preparing himself for his jchosen profession he entered the 
 
Atlanta medical college, in which he was graduated as a member 
 
of the class of 1878, duly receiving his well earned degree of 
 
Doctor of Medicine. From 1878 until 1883 he was engaged in the 
 
general practice of his profession in Wilkinson county, and since 
 
that time he has been incumbent of his present office, that of 
 
assistant physician at the state sanitarium, or hospital for the 
 
insane. He is vice-president of the Sanitarium medical society and 
 
a member of the Medical Association of Georgia. He is vice- 
 
president of the Exchange bank of Milledgeville and has other 
 
capitalistic interests. He is aligned as an uncompromising advo 
 
cate of the principles of the Democratic party, and both he and 
 
his wife are members of the Baptist church, in which he is a 
 
deacon. On Dec. 19, 1879, he: was united in marriage to Miss 
 
Lila P. Daniel, of Midway, Baldwin county. She died March 15, 
 
1891, being survived by three children Lodrick Malone, Elizabeth 
 
and William O. Daniel. The elder son is now a student in the 
 
Atlanta college of pharmacy. :The younger son is a member of 
 
the class of 1906 in the Georgia military college at Milledgeville, 
 
and is captain of his company o|f college cadets. On Oct. 18, 1893, 
 
was solemnized the marriage of Doctor Jones to Miss Isabelle 
 
Ailing, of Milledgeville, and they have-two children, Aubrey and 
 
Isabelle. 
 
: 
 
Jones, Dr. Noble W., who has been called "one of the morning 
 
stars of American liberty," was born near the city of London, Eng- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
387 
 
land, about 1724. His father was made a member of the Georgia council and treasurer of the province, and when he came to America to assume the duties of the position the son came with him. At the beginning of the dissensions between the colonies and the crown Doctor Jones cast his lot with the patriots and soon became active in the cause of liberty. In November, 1768, he was elected speaker of the assembly and was reflected two years later. Governor Wright negatived his second election because he had issued an addressed to the king two years before. He was a member of the Provincial Congress of 1775, and was chosen as one of Georgias representatives in the Continental Congress of that year, but did not attend out of respect for his fathers wishes. As a member of the Council of Safety he was active in thwarting the designs of the British and Tories; ^was a delegate to Congress in 1781; a member and president of the convention which met in May, 1795, to revise the constitution, and one of the leading physicians of his day. He died Jan. 9, 1805. 
Jones Robert T., president of the Can ton cotton mills, of Canton, Cherokee county, is one of the prominent and in fluential business men of this section of the state and one of the honored citizens of Canton, where his interests are large and varied. He was born and reared in Newton county, Ga., and has maintained his home in Canton since September, 1879, when he here established himself in the general merchandise business, in which he has since continued without interruption. Through his able manage ment and sterling integrity of purpose, this enterprise has grown from modest proportions to one of distinctive scope and impor tance, and it has been pronounced the most extensive of the sort in the state. His annual business now aggregates about $250,000. In addition to the main establishment, in Canton, Mr. Jones oper ates three branch stores, in all of which general merchandise is carried in such variety and completeness as to anticipate all de mands of the trade patronage. Within the summer of 1906 he will have completed a modern fertilizer factory, from which he will supply his large trade in this commodity, said trade now demand ing about 2,000 tons of fertilizer each year. Mr. Jones has con ducted his extensive business under his individual name, but in 
 
 388 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
1906 he secured a charter and has incorporated his business under the title of the Jones Mercantile Company, the same having a paid-up capital of $125,000. The interested principals in the con cern include, in addition to himself, his son Paul W. and several of the trusted and valued men who have been in his employ for a number of years. It is the intention of Mr Jones to commit prac tically the entire management of the new business when organized to his son, Paul W., who has, it would seem, partaken in a large measure of his fathers business tact and executive ability. The business of the company is certain to be cumulative in scope under the extended facilities, for its enterprise is based on the unblem ished reputation, marked success and personal popularity of its founder. In the year 1892 was organized and incorporated the Bank of Canton, with a paid-up capital stock of $25,000. Mr. Jones was elected first president of the institution and has since con tinued to serve in this capacity. The bank now has a surplus fund of $40,000, after paying annual dividends of eight per cent. The original stock of the bank was issued at a par value of $100 a share and the same can not: be bought to-day for $400 a share. This is to-day considered one of the best managed and most subtantial of the smaller banking institutions of the state. In 1900, with the cooperation of representative citizens of this section of the state, Mr. Jones organized the Canton Cotton Mills, which concern was duly incorporated under the laws of Georgia, with a capital of $100,000, fully paid in. Mr. Jones was elected president and treasurer of the company, ofswhich dual office he still remains the incumbent. This important industrial concern has paid an annual dividend of eight per cent.;.;; has accumulated a surplus fund of $120,000; and its stock is valued above $200 a share. All these data indicate how splendidly the enterprise has prospered under the able administration of Mf. Jones. The mills occupy a substan tial two-story brick building, :452 feet in length by 85 feet in width, the product of the plant is exclusively denim, and its capacity is for the output of 6,200 pounds of finished goods per day. The mills afford employment to 250 hands and the value of the enter prise in the immediate community is thus increased. The stock is held entirely by residents of Cherokee county, Mr. Jones having the controlling interest. He ;is. also president and treasurer of the Georgia marble finishing works, of Canton, which has a capital of $50,000, fully paid in. This enterprise was established in a modest way, in 1891, by T. M. Brady, and in 1905 a stock company was formed, with capital stock as above indicated, Mr. Jones taking 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
389 
 
the majority of the stock. This concern is likewise prospering no 
 
less substantially than the others with which Mr. Jones has identi 
 
fied himself, and the company now has a surplus of more than 
 
$15,000. From the statements here .entered it will be seen that 
 
the enterprises which have thus been founded and managed by 
 
Mr. Jones represent a capitalistic investment of practically half a 
 
million dollars, and all are in excellent financial condition, adding 
 
materially to the industrial and commercial prestige of the county 
 
and the state. For nearly thirty years Mr. Jones has been identified 
 
with the business and civic interests of Cherokee county and the 
 
town of Canton, and the best voucher of his sterling character is 
 
that afforded in the unbounded confidence and esteem in which 
 
he is held in the community. His friends are equal in number to 
 
his acquaintances, and all seem ready to aid and cooperate with 
 
him in any enterprise which he undertakes, realizing his admin 
 
istrative and initiative ability and appreciating his liberality and 
 
public spirit. Such are the men who have made Georgia what it 
 
is to-day, the veritable "Empire State of the South." In politics 
 
Mr. Jones is a Democrat, for sound money and protective tariff. 
 
He has been a Mason since 1883, and in 1873 joined the Missionary 
 
Baptist church, of which he has been a deacon since 1880. He has 
 
been superintendent of the Baptist Sunday school since 1899, and 
 
his efforts in this direction have been productive of fine results. 
 
On Oct. 15, 1878, Mr. Jones was married to Miss Susie S. Walker 
 
of Covington. Eleven children were born of this union, four of 
 
whom died in infancy. 'Mrs. Jones died April 17, 1899, and on 
 
April 17, 1901, Mr. Jones; was married to Mrs. Lily Cross of Can 
 
ton, and they have three;children. 
 
Jones, Sam D., a representative busi 
 
ness man and president of the chamber 
 
;of commerce of Atlanta, was born on the 
 
;old family homestead, Walnut Grove, 
 
^Campbell county, Va., May 27, 1856. He 
 
:was graduated in the Virginia polytech- 
 
;nic institute in 1878, and in the following 
 
year was graduated in Richmond college 
 
;in the city of Richmond. He entered 
 
educational work and for nine years was 
 
president of Virginia institute, at Bris- 
 
;;;; P1;1111:;;P; 
 
;tol, Va., where he conducted alarge and 
 
; 
 
successful school for young women. He 
 
resigned this position, came to Atlanta in 1898, and in the metrop- 
 
 390 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
olis of Georgia he has since been identified with the manufacturing business. He is now the president of the Atlanta stove works. Mr. Jones is a son of William ;S. and Virginia Judith (Moorman) Jones, the former of whom iw;as born on the same old homestead, Nov. 15, 1821. He was a Virginia planter and slave-holder of the old regime and was a man of prominence and influence in his com munity. His wife was born near Lynchburg, Campbell county, Va., Dec. 31, 1826. Mr. Jones paternal grandmother bore the maiden name of Martha West, was a direct descendant of Sir Thomas West, who was knighted the third Baron West, and of Johanna de la Ware, a granddaughter of Lord Mowbray, who was of the royal house of England. In America Mr. Jones traces his lineage to Col. John West, a brother of the third Lord Delaware (de la Ware), who made the first permanent English settlement in America and sacrificed a: large fortune in so doing. Col. John West was for many years a member of the council of Virginia, and from 1635 to 1637 was the acting governor of the colony. So faithfully did he serve the colony that, in 1659, the house of burgesses passed an act acknowledging his services and freeing him from taxation. West Pointj Va., was the home of Colonel West and was named for him. He was the great-great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch. On his fathers side Mr. Jones is of the ninth generation in descent from Pocahontas, the daughter of Powhatan, the Indian chief; In 1675 Jane Rolfe, granddaughter of Pocahontas, married Robert Boiling, of Boiling Hall, England, and a descendant of a sister of Anne Boleyn, wife of King Henry VIII. On his mothers side: Mr. Jones ancestors are also English, and the coat of arms is still preserved in the family. He is a collat eral descendant also of Capt. Robert Adams, an officer in the war of the Revolution. Mr. Jones was married on Oct. 10, 1883, to Miss Elizabeth D. Harrison;: daughter of Rev. Joseph R. and Sarah (Lunsford) Harrison, of Roanoke county Va. The children of this union were five in number arid all are living except the eldest, Eoline. The others are Harrison, William Saunders, Lulu Dean and Boiling Henry, Jr. !; 
Jones, Rev. Samuel P., of; Cartersville, Bartow county, Ga., son of Capt. John J. and Mrs. i:Queeny (Porter) Jones, was born in Chambers county, Ala., Oct 16, 1847. His paternal grandfather, Rev. Samuel G. Jones, was-; a Methodist preacher, who married a daughter of Rev. Robert L. Edwards, one of the pioneer Methodist preachers of Georgia. Four of the brothers of Mr. Jones father are ministers of the Gospel, : and for several generations the family 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
391 
 
on both sides have been prominent church members and preachers of the Word. When only nine years old Mr. Jones had the mis fortune to lose his mother. Four years afterward his father 
married Miss Jennie Skinner of Cartersville, to which place he moved his family in 1859. In 1861 his father entered the Confederate army, and- by reason of his absence and the disordeded state of so ciety, his son drifted into the company of the immoral and dissipated. Sur rounded by and associating with this clasSj he found himself at the age of twenty-one, physically and morally wreck ed and ruined. Until his mother died he had been a pupil under Prof W. F. Slaton, now the superintendent of the public .schools of Atlanta. Here the groundwork of an education had been faithfully laid. During his fathers absence he had neglected his studies, but soon after his return he entered the school of Hon. W. H. Felton, and later attended the high school at Euharlee, of which Prof. Ronald Johnson was the principal. Here his health .broke down, which prevented his taking the collegiate course his father had intended for him. It was at this period he mistakenly sought relief in drinking. He also at this time commenced read ing law and after due ^preparation was admitted to the bar. He, however, continued his:life of dissipation until August, 1872, when, on his death-bed, his father extorted from him a solemn promise to reform and meet him in heaven. He kept his promise and soon after his conversion began to preach the Gospel. The first sermon Tie preached was the week after his conversion at the old New Hope 
church two miles from Cartersville. He went there with his grandfather Jones, who was the pastor of the Bartow circuit, and the Rev. Sandford, who was to have preached, failing to keep his appointment, his grandfather prevailed upon him to preach. He now began to preach, and under the direction of Rev. George R. Kramer, began to prepare himself for the ministry. Three months afterward he applied for admission, was accepted and received into the North Georgia annual conference and entered upon the arduous duties of the itinerant Methodist preacher. His first appointment was on the Van Wert circuit, where he preached acceptably three years.: His next appointment was on the De Soto .circuit, with seven churches, in Floyd county, Ga., where he was 
 
 392 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
unusually successful. From here he was sent to Newborn circuit, Newton county, Ga., where he remained two years, and where he was blessed with greater success than ever before. His next ap pointment was on the Montieello circuit, Jasper county, Ga., where he also served two years. During these and the three preceding years he had been instrumental, under God, in converting 2,000 people and adding them to the membership of his churches, besides doing a great xieal of revival work in other circuits. In the first eight years of his ministry he was instrumental in converting 5,000 people, and preached not less than 400 sermons, a year. His first revival work that gave :him any notoriety was in 1879-80. In January, 1881, he was appointed agent for the orphans home of the North Georgia conference at Decatur, and doing revival work in Atlanta, Griffin, Macon, Columbus and Savannah. This work engaged him during 1881-82. His first revival work in Atlanta was at the First Methodist church, when General Evans was pastor. This was followed by work : at St. Lukes in Columbus, St. Johns in Augusta, Trinity and Monumental churches in Savannah, Mul berry Street in Macon, and :at all the leading Methodist churches^ in Georgia. The first revival services which gave him newspaper notoriety were in Memphis,: Tenn., in January, 1883. Since that time he has worked in more than twenty states, including the cities of Brooklyn, St. Louis, Cincinnati, Chicago, Baltimore,. Washington, D. C, Indianapolis, St. Joseph, Mo., Waco, Tex.,. Moble, Ala., Nashville and Knoxville, Tenn., and in Toronto and other cities in Canada. In no place where he has preached have the buildings or tents been large enough to hold the people. He has preached to congregations numbering 10,000 people, and at Plattsburg, Mo., he had an audience of 20,000. At his revival in Chicago,, the Inter-Ocean, and Tribune, in Cincinnati the Commercial Gazette, and Inquirer, and in St. Louis the Globe-Democrat, hav ing an aggregate circulation:;of 300,000, printed his daily sermonsThrough the columns of these -widely circulated journals, he en joyed the privilege of preaching to a million and a half persons every day. His first preaching, he says, was called "earnest exhor tation," which, he claims, cannot be feigned, and he contends that that which did so much for i; him will do as much for others. He has always had an inborn hatred for shams, and especially for religious shams. He says he would prefer to be an Ingersoll, and a disbeliever in the Book than to be a Methodist, professedly be lieving everything and yet being just like Ingersoll. In the fourth year of his ministry he began to preach to his people just as he 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
393 
 
thought, convinced that the preacher who fits the most consciences 
 
will get the most hearers just as the shoemaker who makes the 
 
best fit will get the most customers. In preaching at the con 
 
sciences he says there are three essential requisites clearness, 
 
concentration and directness and that when the conscience is 
 
aroused the alternative is left, of a better life or complete abandon 
 
ment. When he first began to preach he was brought face to face 
 
with the fact that to succeed as a preacher one must either be a 
 
great thinker or a great worker- and after prayerful consideration 
 
he chose the latter. During the first eight years of his ministry 
 
he preached not less than 400 sermons a year, week after week, 
 
preaching oftentimes four sermons a day. He has never attempted 
 
to prove that there was a God that Christ was divine or that 
 
there was a heaven or hell. He made these things not an objective 
 
point, but a starting point his idea being that Christ meant what 
 
he said in the command preach the Gospel, not defend it; preach 
 
the Word, not try to prove that the Word is true. He is a believer 
 
in progressive theology, in aggressive effort, in agitation, in con 
 
flict, in conquest, and in the crowns which must follow this line 
 
of work. To the newspapers he concedes he owes much of his 
 
success, they having been very kind to him in their reportorial 
 
columns. The main object of all his preaching has been to make 
 
men realize fully that sin is hideous and righteousness attractive; 
 
to drive men from the former and attract them to the heights and 
 
beauties of the latter. Mr. Jones was married in November, 1869, 
 
to Miss Laura, daughter of John H. McElrain, of Henry county, 
 
Ky., and of the seven children \vhich have blessed this union six 
 
survive: Mary M., Annie C., S. Paul, Robert W., Laura Henry and 
 
Julia Baxter. Since the above sketch was written, Mr. Jones died 
 
suddenly on Oct. 15, 1906. 
 
: 
 
Jones, Seaborn, was born in August, 1788. He was educated at 
 
Princeton, studied law and was admitted to the bar by special act 
 
of the legislature in 1808. He began practice at Columbus; was 
 
made solicitor-general of the state in 1823; was elected to Congress 
 
in 1832 and again in.1844. He died at Columbus in 1874. 
 
Jones,. Seaborn H., of Waynesboro, is one of the leading mem 
 
bers of the bar of Burke county, and a representative of one of the 
 
old and honored families of Georgia. He was born in Waynesboro, 
 
Dec. 20, 1863, and is a son of Hon. John J. and Evaline (Toombs) 
 
Jones. His father was; a man of prominence and distinction in 
 
Georgia affairs, having been a member of the United States Con 
 
gress at the time when ;Georgia seceded from the Union, and cap- 
 
 394 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
tain of a company in the Confederate service during- the Civil war. After the close of the great conflict between the states he became a member of the state legislature: and took a conspicuous part in form ing the laws of the commonwealth under the existing exigencies of the new regime. At the time of his death, in 1898, he was com missioner of roads and revenues of Burke county, having large landed interests in the county^ His wife, who died in 1900, was a niece of Hon. Robert Toombs, whose name is writ large in the annals of Georgia, which he represented in the United States senate, .and was specially prominent in connection with military and gov ernmental affairs of the Confederacy during the Civil war. Seaborn H. Jones was graduated in Emory college, his fathers alma mater, at Oxford, Ga., when twenty-one years of age. He then took up the study of law under the preceptor-ship of his father, one of the most prominent members of the bar of eastern Georgia, and was admitted to practice in 1887. :He forthwith entered into a profes sional partnership with his father, and this alliance continued until the death of the latter, the firm having a large and important practice, which the son still controls, the original firm title having been John J. Jones & Son. In his political proclivities Mr. Jones is a stalwart supporter of the principles and policies of the Demo cracy, in whose cause he has ibeen an active worker. He served three terms as solicitor of the? Burke county court, and in 1898-9 he represented his county in the state legislature. In 1901 Gov. Alien D. Candler appointed him judge of the city court of Waynes boro, and he remained incumbent of this office until 190.2, when the court was temporarily abolished. Judge Jones is chairman of the Burke county Democratic:; executive committee. He has ex tensive plantation interests in the county, owning a portion of the old Jones homestead, known as "Canaan," adjoining, the city of Waynesboro, said property having been in the possession of the family for many generations. ; His only sister, Mary T., wife of Judge George F. Cox, of Waynesboro, owns a portion of the old homestead, the estate having been, divided after the death of their mother. On Nov. 19, 1902, Judge Jones was united in marriage to Miss Helen Gresham, daughter of John J. Gresham, of Waynesboro. They have one child, John James Jones, who was born Oct. 8, 1904, and who was named in honor of his paternal grandfather. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
395 
 
Jones, William Henry, is a representa tive furniture dealer of Augusta, his finely equipped establishment being located at 1310 Broad street, where the enterprise is conducted under the title of the Jones Furniture Company. He was born in Taliaferro county, Ga., July 22, 1849, and is a son of Henry B. and Margaret (Rudisill) Jones, both of whom were like wise born in that county, where the mother died in 1871, and the father in 1895, the latter having been eighty years of iage at the time of his demise. He was a soldier in the Confederate service during the war between the states, as were also three of his sons. Benjamin Jones, grandfather of the subject of this review> came to Georgia from North Carolina, as did also John Rudisill,.the maternal grandfather. William H. Jones was educated in the schools of his native county; was reared on the home plantation, where he remained until he had attained the age of twenty years, when he took a position as clerk in a general store, in Jefferson county. He later became proprietor of a general store in that county, thus conducting .business from 1869 to 1897, when he removed to Augusta and established his present furniture business. He has succeeded in building up a most pros perous enterprise and is one of the reliable, progressive and popular business men of the city. In politics he is a stalwart adherent: of the Democratic party, and; both he and his wife are members of St. James church, Methodist Episcopal South;, in which he is a steward. On Feb. 17, 1876, Mr. Jones was united in; .marriage to Miss Julia Elizabeth Palmer, daughter of William and Julia (Matthews) Palmer, of Jefferson county, and they have five chil dren: Harry Hill Jones, the only son, is now associated with his father in business; Julia Matthews is the wife of Jesse Mercer Rainwater, their marriage; having been solemnized Oct. 18, 1905; Estelle Lois is a student in LaGrange female college, at LaGrange, Ga.; and Susie Rae and ;Dollie Palmer, the younger daughters, remain at the parental home. Jones, W. O., president:;of the Bank of Elberton, Elbert county, and also of .the Elberton Cotton and Compress Company, is one of the representative business men of northeastern Georgia. The Bank of Elberton was organized in 1893 and is incorporated for $35,000, while its surplus: fund now amounts to $35,000, and its 
 
 396 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
undivided profits to $6,000. jTh.e bank occupies its own building, 
 
a substantial and attractive two-story brick structure, at the corner 
 
of the public square and Mclntbsh street. The officers of the in 
 
stitution are all resident of Elberton and are as follows: W, O. 
 
Jones, president; T. O. Tabor, vice-president; J. H. Blackwell, 
 
cashier; and H. P. Hunter, assistant cashier. The Elberton Cotton 
 
and Compress Company was established in 1888. A reorganization 
 
occurred in 1890, when Mr. Jones purchased the interests of the 
 
other stockholders and has since been the sole proprietor, though 
 
the company is formally organized with the following executive 
 
corps: W. O. Jones, president; W. F. Anderson, vice-president; 
 
and J. E. Asbury, superintendent. The concern handles from 
 
20,000 to 40,000 bales of cotton annually, having a capacity of five 
 
hundred bales a day, and employment is given to an average force 
 
of fifty workmen. In additipn to this twelve cotton buyers are 
 
retained and the concern does the leading business of the sort in 
 
northeastern Georgia. 
 
: 
 
Jones, William R., who is successfully 
 
established in the retail grocery business 
 
at 1S56 Broad street, Augusta, was born 
 
in Jphnston county, N. C., Feb. 10, 1858. 
 
He is a son of William Alvin and Mary 
 
Jane" (Hill) Jones, both natives of North 
 
Carolina, the former born in Johnston 
 
and : the latter in Wrake county. They 
 
passed their entire lives in that state, 
 
the :father having been a member of a 
 
North Carolina regiment in the Confed 
 
erate service during the Civil war and 
 
a planter by vocation. William R. Jones 
 
received somewhat meager educational advantages in the schools 
 
of his native county, but his youth was passed in the days of great 
 
prostration through the South after the close of the war between 
 
the states, so that his opportunities were far different than they 
 
would have been under normal conditions. He was associated in 
 
the work and management ol the home plantation until he had 
 
attained the age of twenty-two: years, when he located in Goldsboro, 
 
N. C., where he engaged in the retail grocery business, in which 
 
he there continued until 1886.; He then removed to Augusta, Ga., 
 
where he was employed for four years by the street railway com 
 
pany. He then established his present grocery business, which he 
 
has since conducted most successfully, having at all times a fresh 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
397 
 
and select stock of staple and fancy groceries and putting forth every effort to meet the demands of his excellent patronage. He is aligned as a loyal supporter of the cause of the Democratic party, and is affiliated with the Independent Order of Heptasophs and the Ancient Order of United Workmen. In August, 1895, Mr. Jones was united in marriage to Miss Bertha Spears, daughter of the late Dr. Madison L. Spears, .of Augusta, and they have one son, William Russell, who was born Dec. 11, 1896. 
Jonesboro, the county seat of Clayton county, was first incorpor ated by the general assembly in 1859, but its charter was amended in 1881. It is located on the Central of Georgia railway, 23 miles south of Atlanta. Its proximity to the capital city has a tendency to prevent its ever becoming a great industrial or commercial center, though it has a number : of substantial business concerns. It has a fine public school system, well patronized, and a number of churches. The population in 1900 was 877 in the town and 3,574 in the district. 
During the Atlanta campaign of 1864 Jonesboro was the scene of important military operations. On August 17th Sherman sent General Kilpatrick, with a force of 5,000 cavalry, to destroy the West Point and Macon railroads. On the 19th he struck the latter road at Jonesboro to find it guarded by Ross cavalry. Ross re sisted as long as was practicable, but being outnumbered was forced to retire from the field, which he did in good order, and the work of destruction commenced. Before much of the road could be de stroyed, however, a train carrying a force of infantry arrived upon the scene and Kilpatrick was driven in the direction of Lovejoys Station. The siege of Atlanta was raised on August 25th and on the 30th Gen. O. O. Howard, with the Fourth army corps, crossed the Flint river and late in the afternoon began intrenching a posi tion within half a mile! of Jonesboro. That night, by order of General Hood, Hardees corps and that of Gen. Stephen D. Lee marched against Howard, with the intention of driving him back across the Flint. It was the afternoon of the 31st before the Con federate forces could .secure a position for an attack. Hardee him self occupied the center,: Lee the right, and Cleburne was sent to turn the Federal right :flank. Lee, mistaking the, firing of Cleburnes skirmishers for the main attack moved forward too soon, encountered formidable ; breastworks and after a short but san guinary action was repulsed. Cleburne had succeeded in carrying the temporary works and some of his men had even crossed the Flint and captured two pieces of artillery, but before he could 
 
 398 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
bring them off Hardee ordered him to desist from any further 
 
attack and to send a division to the support of Lee. In the mean 
 
time Howard was reinforced by Kilpatricks cavalry and Davis corps, and in the afternoon Jthe latter made a terrific assault upon Hardees position, capturing General Govan and about 400 pris 
 
oners. Girdon and Granbury made a vigorous, charge against 
 
Davis, which enabled Hardee to rectify his line and hold the town until after nightfall, when he withdrew. His gallant defense of Jonesboro on this occasion covered the retreat of Hoods army from Atlanta and saved the supplies of the army as well. Another skirmish occurred at Jonesboro on Nov. 15, 1864. Col. F. A. Jones, 
 
with the Eight Indiana cavalry, was sent out from Marietta on 
 
the 14th and late on the afternoon of the next day reached Jones boro, where he encountered a Confederate force with artillery be 
 
hind intrenchments. The Third and Fifth Kentucky cavalry com 
 
ing to his assistance the Confederates were finally forced to retire, 
 
leaving three caissons filled;with ammunition in the hands of the 
 
enemy. 
 
i 
 
Jones Mills, a post-village of Meriwether county, is located on 
 
Red Oak creek, about five or six miles north of Greenville, which is the.nearest railroad station. ; The population in 1900 was 79 
 
Jonesville, a post-village in the northwest corner of Mclntosh 
 
county, is near the line of the Darien & Western railroad, about half-way between Middletori and Darien Junction. The popula 
 
tion in 1900 was 44. 
 
\ 
 
Joplin, a post-hamlet of Union county, is located about three miles west of Blairsville. Cvilberson, N. C., is the most convenient 
 
railroad station. 
 
? 
 
Jordan, Rev. John D., D. D., the dis 
 
tinguished and honored pastor of the 
 
First Baptist church of Savannah, was 
 
born in Princeton, Caldwell county, Ky., 
 
Feb. 9, 1861. He is a son of Benjamin 
 
and Julia (Arbridge) Jordan, the former 
 
a native of Princeton, Ky., and the latter 
 
of she State of Illinois. The paternal 
 
ancestry is of stanch Scotch-Irish deri 
 
vation. The family was founded in Amer 
 
ica : in the colonial era of our national 
 
history. Representatives of the name 
 
were found in the ranks of the patriot sol diers in the war of the Revolution, as they were also in the war of 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
399 
 
1812, and the father of Doctor Jordan was a veteran of the Mexican war. In the Civil war members of the family were arrayed as soldiers in both the Confederate and United States service. Benja min Jordan and his wife were strongly southern in their sympathies during this climacteric period of the nations history but on ac count of disabilities resulting from his service in the war with Mexico he did not enter the Confederate service. He died in 1862. The Jordan family has had few representatives in public office, commercial and agricultural enterprises having been more com monly in evidence in connection with the name. Dr. John D. Jordan secured his preliminary educational training in the public schools of his native county and then continued his studies in Princeton high school, a;private institution of his home town; He later entered Bethel college, where he proved aMelose and appre ciative student. From this institution he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts, in 1890, and the same college conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts, in 1893. in 1899 he was signally honored by Mercer university, Macon, Ga., which fonferred: upon him the degree of Doctor of Divinity. His theological course was taken in the Southern Baptist theological seminary. Doctor Jor dan was reared to the sturdy life of the farm and early became inured to its work, finding the discipline an inspiration for the broadening of his ken and the widening of his field of endeavor. For two years he was: a teacher in the public schools and in 1889-90 was assistant professor in his alma mater, Bethel college. During the ensuing, two-years he was pastor of the First Baptist church at Paducah, Ky.,:and for the next three years was a student in the Southern Baptist theological seminary, in the meanwhile serving as pastor of the churches of Elizabethtown and Gilead. While a college student he also did efficient pastoral service at Elkton, Allensville, Fitehfield and Madisonville, Ky. After com pleting his seminary course he was pastor of the Baptist church in Decatur, 111., for two years. For one year he was the general superintendent of the Baptist young peoples work in the Southern Baptist convention, giving the work great prominence and placing it upon a substantial basis in the South. In May, 1897, Doctor Jordan assumed the pastorate of the First Baptist church of Savan nah, where his earnest and devoted labors have been blessed with grateful returns, in both the spiritual and temporal departments of the church work. He is classed among the foremost thinkers, orators and pastors of -his denomination in the South, while his personal popularity is of the most unequivocal order, regardless 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
of denominational lines. Since coming to his present pastorate he has received many flattering offers from other churches and also in connection with college work but he has preferred to remain in what he pronounces "the best church in the fairest city in the greatest state in the Union." On July 8, 1891, was solemnized the marriage of Doctor Jordan to Miss Ray Griffin, daughter of A. N. and Belle Griffin, now residents of Meridian, Miss. Doctor and 
Mrs. Jordan have no children. Jordan, William A., judge of the city 
court of Blakely, Early county, ex-mayor 
of the city, and one of the representative 
lawyers of that section of the state, was 
born in Pike county, Ga., May 20, 1856, 
a son of Willis Pope Jordan and Mary 
R. :(Bethnell) Jordan, both natives of 
Georgia. The father was a .lawyer by profession and served for a number of 
yeafs as ordinary of Quitman county. 
William A. Jordan secured his prelimi nary education in the schools of Quitman. 
county, after which he attended the Uni versity of Georgia. He read law under the preceptorship of his father and in 1877, at the agp of twenty-one years, was admitted to the bar of his native state; He began the practice of his pro fession in Georgetown, Ga., and succeeded his father as ordinary of Quitman county, having ibeen elected in 1881 and remained the incumbent of the office for a period of four years. In 1886 he located in Blakely, where he; engaged in the practice of his pro fession and has ever since maintained his home, prominent in his profession and in the public affairs of the city and county. He was made solicitor of the county cburt in 1887 and in 1889 he was made Judge of the county court and served on the bench until this court was abolished by act of the legislature. In 1890 he was appointed judge of the city court, and has since remained in tenure of this office, where he has gained a high reputation for the effect ive discharge of his judicial duties. He served two terms as mayor of Blakely; has been alderman of the city several terms, and has always shown a public-spirited interest in local affairs. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights ;of Pythias, and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South. His political allegiance is given to the Democratic party. In 1887 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
401 
 
Judge Jordan was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Buchanan, daughter of James Buchanan, an honored and prominent citizen of Blakely, and at one time treasurer of the county. He served in the Seminole Indian war, in which he was wounded. Judge and Mrs. Jordan have three children Maud, William, and Walker. 
Josephs Town. Among the earliest settlements in Georgia was one about three miles below the mouth of Abercorn creek, oppo site to Onslow and Argyle islands. Two Scotchmen opened plantations there and thirty servants were employed in cultivat ing the lands. The name of Josephs Town was given to the place and for a time it promised to become an important settlement. Then malarial fever attacked the inhabitants, several of the servants died, the rest moved away, and the plantations lapsed into neglect. 
Joyce* James J., proprietor of the: finely 
equipped meat market and green grocery 
at 124 Liberty street, east, in the city of 
Savannah, was born and reared in that 
city, his birth having occurred Oct. 1, 
1857. He is a son of Timothy and Mary 
(Keenan) Joyce, both of whom were born 
in Ireland. Timothy Joyce was reared 
and educated in his native land, where 
he learned the trade of ship carpenter. 
He came to America in the early 50s 
and settled in Savannah, where he passed 
the remainder of his life, his death oc curring in 1883. His wife was likewise reared to maturity in the Emerald Isle, whence she came to America as a young woman, depending upon her own resources. She located in Savannah, where her marriage was solemnized, and here her death occurred on June 1, 1873, both she and her husband having been communi cants and zealous members of the Catholic church. Five children survive the honored parents, James J. being the eldest, and all "being residents of Savannah. Julia is the wife of Charles Harvey; John W. and Bernard are identified with business interests in their native city; and Bridget is the wife of William F. Crosby. James J. Joyce secured: his early educational training in the public and parochial schools of Savannah principally in the school con nected with the Catholic cathedral. Before he had attained the age of fourteen years he began a practical apprenticeship at the "butchers trade, with which he has since been identified, either as an employe or as the owner of a market. He was employed at his 
26--11 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
trade until April 1, 1883, when, he engaged in business on his own 
 
responsibility and he has been most successful in his independent 
 
business career, conducting one of the leading markets of the city 
 
and having a trade of representative order. He has occupied his 
 
present modern quarters since Oct. 1, 1888, and the greatest care 
 
is paid to catering to the large and discriminating patronage, the 
 
market being supplied with the choicest of meat products, sea foods, 
 
green groceries, etc. In his political adherency Mr. Joyce is a 
 
stanch Democrat, and both he and his wife are communicants of 
 
the Catholic church, being! members of the parish of the Cathedral 
 
of St. John the Baptist. He is affiliated with the Knights of Colum 
 
bus, the Hibernian society, and the Irish-American Friendly soci 
 
ety ; is a member of the Savannah chamber of commerce, the Savan 
 
nah retail butchers association, and the Master butchers associa 
 
tion of America. On Jan. 19, 1884, Mr. Joyce was married to Miss 
 
Ellen Cecelia Murphy, daughter of Dennis Murphy, of Savannah, 
 
and of their eight children :five are living, namely: Timothy K. A., 
 
Catherine, Joseph Read, Marie, and Josephine Bernadette. The 
 
names of the three deceased children were; itarries, Angela and 
 
Eleanor, all dying in early .childhood. 
 
: 
 
-; 
 
Judiciary Act of 1789. See Appellate Proceedings and Courts. 
 
Judgments. As soon as;a judgment is rendered by the court it 
 
becomes a lien upon the real and personal property of the defend 
 
ant. Property sold by a debtor after a judgment is:rendered against 
 
him is discharged from the lien created by such judgment, only 
 
after four years possession by the purchaser, provided tfee property 
 
consist of real estate, or "two years if personal property. All 
 
judgments granted at the ;:same term of court rank equally, and 
 
judgments obtained in either the Federal of state courts outside 
 
of the county where the defendant resides create no lien on the 
 
property of the defendant in any other county, unless the execution 
 
is recorded within thirty days in the county where the defendant 
 
lives. 
 
;| 
 
Executions must follow ::the judgments from which they issue 
 
and remain in force for seven years, at the end of which time, they 
 
may be renewed for a similar period if no property can be found 
 
to satisfy the judgment. ;When executions are obtained in the 
 
county where the defendant resides and entered on the general 
 
execution docket of the county, they bind all the defendants prop 
 
erty in the state from the date of the judgment. If entered after 
 
ten days have elapsed they bind the- property from the date of 
 
entry. In case the execution is obtained outside the county where 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
403 
 
the defendant lives it must be entered on the general docket in the county where he resides within thirty days to bind all property in the state from the date of judgment. Otherwise the lien dates the time of entry. 
Jug Tavern. See Winder. Juliette, a town in Monroe county, is on the Southern railroad and the Ocmulgee river, ten miles northeast of Forsyth. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph service, some mer cantile interests, schools; churches, etc., and is the leading shipping point for that part of the county. The population in 1900 was 110. Julinton, a post-hamlet of Mcliitosh county, is located on the Sapelo river, about five miles northeast of Crescent, which is the nearest railroad station. Juniper, a village of Talbot county, with a population of 100, is on Upatoie creek, about two miles south of a station of the same name on the Central of Georgia railroad. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, and is a trading center for the neighborhood in which it is situated. Juno, a post-hamlet of Dawson county, is on a branch of the Etowah river, about ' six miles northwest of Dawsonville. The nearest railroad station is Jasper, on the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern. 
 
Kaolin. The mineral known as kaolin is a hydrated silicate of alumina, and is derived chiefly from the decomposition of feldspar. It is found in many places in extensive beds, but always in a region where there is granite, gneiss, & felsitic rocks. The name is a cor ruption of the Chinese word "Kauling," meaning high ridge, whence the material was derived. After being levigated, or reduced to a fine powder, kaolin is iused extensively in the manufacture of porce lain, and is therefore frequently called China clay. In Georgia there are a number of: beds of kaolin, the most noted being in Jones county. This is now being worked and has been found to be of great purity, of a beautiful white color, and capable of withstanding a high degree of heat Deposits are also found in Floyd, Houston and Richmond counties, and in some other portions of the state. 
Karow, Edward, one of the leading cotton exporters of the State of Georgia and one of the honored and influential business men of Savannah, was born in the town of Stettin, Pomerania, Prussia, Aug. 28, 1854. He received his educational discipline in the schools of his native land. He is a son of Gustav and Marie (Taubert) 
 
 404 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Karow, the former of whom was born in Stettin, in 1821, and the 
 
latter in the Province of Pomerania, in 1831. The family of Karow 
 
has been one of prominence in the city of Stettin for more than 
 
two centuries. In 1878 Mr. Karow became identified with the 
 
cotton firm of Strauss & Co., of Liverpool, England, where he re 
 
mained until 1879, when he- came to America as representative of 
 
the same firm, of which he-:is to-day the senior member, as he is 
 
also of the firm of Karow &-Forrer. He located in Savannah early 
 
in 1881, and has ever since been one of the leading cotton exporters 
 
of the city, while he has identified himself with the business, civic 
 
and social life of the city, to which he is loyal in all respects. He is 
 
a prominent and valued member of the Savannah cotton exchange, 
 
of which he served as president for the term of 1892-3. He is a 
 
stanch adherent of the Democratic party, was a member of the 
 
sanitary board of Savannah:in 1895, and served from 1896 to 1898 
 
as chairman of the citys police commission. He and his wife are 
 
members of the protestant Episcopal church. Mr. Karow has al 
 
ways taken an interest in the volunteer service of Georgia, and 
 
served from 1894 until 1899! as major of the First battalion, First 
 
regiment of infantry, in the Georgia state troops. He is a member 
 
of the Oglethorpe club, the;Savannah Yacht club, and the Savan 
 
nah Golf club, and also of the New York club, of New York city. 
 
On June 5, 1883, Mr. Karow was united in marriage to Miss Anna 
 
Belle Wilson, daughter of General Claudius C. and Katharine Mc- 
 
Duffie (Morrison) Wilson, of Savannah, and they have four chil 
 
dren, namely: Edward, Jr.:, Rufus Lester, Gustav Ludwig, and 
 
Dorothea. 
 
;! 
 
Kathleen, a village of Houston county, is on the Georgia South 
 
ern & Florida railway, about eight miles northeast of Perry. It 
 
has a money order postofHce, with rural free delivery, some mer 
 
cantile interests, express and telegraph service, and is a shipping 
 
point of some importance tp that section. 
 
Keasley, a post-village of Pickens county, is on the Atlanta, 
 
Knoxville & Northern railroad, a short distance north of Talking 
 
Rock. 
 
;i 
 
Kehoe, William, senior member of the firm of William Kehoe & 
 
Sons, iron and brass founders, marine engineers, boiler makers, 
 
blacksmiths, shipwrights, etc., Savannah, was born in County Wex- 
 
ford, Ireland, Aug. 21, IS42. He is a son of Daniel and Johanna 
 
(Rath) Kehoe and passed the first decade of his life in the Emerald 
 
Isle. In 1852 he came with his parents, four brothers and three sis 
 
ters to America, the family locating in Savannah, where he has ever 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
405 
 
since made his home and where his parents continued to reside until their death. He was educated in the public schools of Savannah and in his youth served a thorough apprenticeship at the iron molders 
trade, which he followed as a journeyman and foreman for a number of years, finally engaging in business on his own respon sibility, beginning operations on a modest scale and gradually building up the large and prosperous business -which his firm now controls. The concern has the best equipped plant on the South Atlantic coast and is well known for the reliable and high-grade work done in all depart ments. Mr. Kehoe is one of the represent ative business men of Savannah and a citzen of sterling loyalty and public spirit. He is a director of the National bank of Savannah and the Savannah Electric Company; is vice-president of the Chatham Real Estate Company, and is identified with other industrial and capitalistic enterprises. He is a stalwart Democrat and served two terms as county commissioner, while he and his family are communicants of the Catholic church. Mr. Kehoe is a director of the Savannah Volunteer Guards; is a member of the Savannah Yacht club and the Georgia Hussars club, and is treas urer of the Female Orphans benevolent society. On Nov. 36, 1868, was solemnized his marriage to Miss Annie Flood and they have nine children: Johanna M., William J., Simeon P., James J., Anastasia, Frank P., Mary, Daniel E., and Helen. In conclusion it may be stated that the fine industry now controlled by the firm of William Kehoe & Sons was founded in 1878, by its present head. From a modest beginning its business has expanded until it now represents an average annual aggregate of fully $250,000, about 150 employes being retained by the concern. The shipwright de partment of the enterprise has been recently added and has proven a valuable adjunct, doing all kinds of dry-dock and general ship building and repair work. Keiley, Rt. Rev. Benjamin Joseph, bishop of the diocese of Sa vannah, is one of the distinguished prelates of the Catholic church in the South, and has been a resident of his present see, city of Sa vannah, since 1896. He was born at Petersburg, Va., Oct. 13, 1847, a son of John D.iancl Margaret (Crowley) Keiley, both of whom were natives of ithe fair Emerald Isle. He received his 
 
 406 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
early educational discipline in the private schools of Petersburg, and supplemented this by a course in St. Charles college, a well ordered church institution, in Ellicott City, Md. His divinity 
studies were prosecuted under most fav orable auspices, as he was a student in the American college in Rome, Italy. On Dec. 31, 1873, he was ordained to the priesthood, in St. Peters cathedral, Rich mond, Va., and from 1874 to 1880 he was pastor of St. Peters church of New Cas tle, Del. Thereafter he was rector of Sti Peters pro-cathedral, Wilmington, Del., until 1886, when he took up his: resi dence in Atlanta, Ga., as rector of the Church of the Immaculate Conception and remained there until his removal to Savannah, in 1896, having also served during this entire period as vicar-general of the diocese. ; In 1806 he became rector of the Cathe dral of St. John the Baptist in Savannah and retained this incum bency until 1900, having been made administrator of the diocese on July 31, 1899. On April 19, 1900, he was appointed bishop of the dio cese of Savannah, and was consecrated to his high office on the 3d of the following June at the apostolic hands of Cardinal Gibbons, in St. Peters cathedral, Richmond, Va., where he had received the order of the priesthood nearly twenty-seven years before. Bishop Keiley is a man of fine intellectual and ecclesiastical attainments, and his ripe scholarships and marked executive and administrative abilities have made him specially eligible for the great work which now devolves upon him. Keith, a post-hamlet of Catoosa county, is about six miles east of Ringgold, which is the nearest railroad station. Keithsburg, a post-village:: of Cherokee county, is on the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern railway, about six miles north of Canton. 
Keller, a post-village in the southeastern part of Bryan county, reported a population of 43 in 1900. Limerick, on the Seaboard Air Line, is the nearest railroad station. 
Kellogg, William C., M. :D., one of the representative younger physicians of the city of Augusta, was born in Greenwich, Fairfield county, Conn., April 6, 1874. He is a son of George and Millie (Benedict) Kellogg, both of whom were born in New Canaan, Conn., where they now maintain their home, both families having been early founded in New England. Doctor Kellogg secured his 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
407 
 
preliminary educational training in the public schools of his native state, after which he entered Yale university, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1896, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. His technical course was taken in the medical department of the famous Johns Hopkins university, in the city of Baltimore, in which he was graduated in 1900, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. For the ensuing eighteen months he served as resident surgeon in Barnes hospital, in the city of Washington, D. C., and in the autumn of 1901, he located in Augusta, where he has met with marked Success in his profession, confining his prac tice to the treatment of the diseases of the eye, ear, nose, throat and skin. He is a member of the Medical Association of Georgia and is secretary and treasurer of the Richmond county medical society. He is a member of the Congregational church. On Sept. 18, 1903, he was united in marriage to Miss Loubelle Kniffin, of Binghamton, N. Y., and they enjoy marked popularity in the so cial life of Augusta. - 
Kelly, a post-hamlet in the northeastern part of Jasper county, is on the Macon & Covington division of the Central of Georgia railroad. 
Kelly, Matthew Whitfield, one of the leading wholesale grocers of the city of Columbus, has demonstrated in his career what is possible of accomplishment on the part of a man who will direct to bear that sterling integrity of purpose, determination and perhis energies and powers along normal lines of enterprise, bringing sistence through which alone success is assured. He has been in the fullest sense the architect of his own fortune and has at all times commanded the; confidence and esteem of his fellow men. Mr. Kelly was born on a farm in Jasper county, Ga., Nov. 3, 1850, a son of Ezekiel and Elizabeth (Smith) Kelly, both of whom were likewise born in Georgia. The father, who was born in 1813, fol lowed agricultural pursuits as his life vocation. During the Civil war he was in the Confederate service as a member of the Home Guards in Dale county; Ala., whither he had removed with his fam ily in 1855 and where:he died in 1899. He was a son of Charles Kelly,.who was likewise native of Georgia, showing that the fam ily was early founded :in this commonwealth. The mother of the subject of this sketch was summoned to the life eternal in 1903. She is survived by four sons, Matthew W., subject of this sketch; John R., of Montgomery, Ala.; George W., of Dothan, Ala.; and Charles Henry, of Florala, Ala. Matthew W. Kelly was five years of age at the time of; his parents removal to Dale county, Ala., 
 
 408 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
where he was reared to maturity on the home farm. He attended school in log cabins in the pine woods, continuing his studies until he had attained to the age : of seventeen years, and thereafter re mained on the homestead plantation until he had reached his legal majority. He then took a position as clerk in a general store in Newton, that county, receiving twenty-five dollars a month and board for his services. He ^remained thus engaged two years and within this period saved $500 from his salary. With this amount as a basis for independent operations, he located in Columbia, Ala.,, where he associated himself ; with his brother, John R., in the retail grocery business, under the firm name of M. W. Kelly & Bro. At the expiration of eleven years Matthew W. purchased the interest of his brother and continued the business individually until De cember, 1888, when he sold the same and came to Columbus, Ga.,. and engaged in the wholesale grocery business, in which he has since continued. Within this period of eighteen years he has suc ceeded in bringing his establishment to the front as one of the prin cipal wholesale concerns of;: the sort in this city, its trade being substantial and extending throughout the territory normally trib utary to Columbus as a commercial center. He began his busi ness career in Columbia, Alabama, with only $500, as already noted, and when he disposed of his interests there he found himself for tified with nearly $50;000> which capital he has trebled since estab lishing himself in Columbus, a conservative estimate of the value of his estate being placed at $150,000. He is recognized as one of the progressive and influential business men of his city and is a loyal and popular citizen. ; He holds membership in the Colum bus board of trade; is a director of the Fourth National bank of this city, and is vice-president of the Phoenix-Girard bank at Phoenix, Ala., situated opposite Columbus on the Chattahoochee river. In a fraternal way Mr. Kelly is identified with the Masonic order, in politics he is a stanch Democrat, and both he and his wife hold membership in St. Lukes church, Methodist Episcopal South, of Columbus, in which he is a steward. On Dec. 11, 1879, Mr, Kelly was united in marriage to Miss Mary; Jane Farmer, who was born and reared in Henry county, Ala. They have six children, concerning whom the following brief record is entered: Ezekiel Brown is bookkeeper in his fathers wholesale grocery establish ment ; John A. is likewise employed by his father; Byrd is a stu dent in Wesleyan college at Macon; and the three younger chil dren are Thomas J., Elizabeth and Sarah. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
409 
 
Kemp, a post-hamlet of Emanuel county, is located about five miles southwest of Swainsboro, which is the nearest railway sta tion. 
Kendrick, William Scott, M. D., of Atlanta, one of the leading representa tives of his profession in the south, was formerly dean of the Atlanta college of physicians and surgeons and is now the incumbent of the chair of medicine in the Atlanta school of medicine, of which he was one of the organizers and which has gained marked precedence among the medical colleges of the south. He was born in Chattooga county, Ga., and is a son of Thomas and Martha (Scott) Kendrick, both of whom were born in York county, S. C, the former of English and the latter of ScotchIrish lineage. The father was a farmer by vocation and his death occurred in 1870. Of the twelve children in the family the first three died in infancy and the others are all living, there having been no death in the family for more than half a century a fact indicating the sturdiness of the line. The early educational dis cipline of Doctor Kendrick was secured in a country school in Dirt Town valley, Chattooga county. That he made good use of the opportunities afforded is evident when adversion is had to the fact that as a youth he was elected principal of the large country school in which he himself had been a student, and for five years he devoted himself to teaching, meeting with marked success in this field of endeavor.; He studied medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. Robert Battey, of Rome, Ga., and graduated at the At lanta medical college, ^receiving the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He thereafter was engaged in the active work of his profession for two years and then passed one year abroad, pursuring special post graduate work. He later became dean of the Atlanta medical col lege, retaining this incumbency for practically eighteen years, and was largely instrumental in effecting the consolidation in 1900 of this institution and the Southern medical college, under title of the Atlanta college of physicians and surgeons. He was elected dean of the new school- and retained the incumbency until 1905, when he resigned the office, ?as well as the chair of medicine, to accept a similar chair in the newly organized Atlanta school of medicine, in the establishing of which both he and his wife were associated, 
 
 410 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
as were they also with the college of physicians and surgeons. He is a member of the executive and building committees of the At lanta school of Medicine, which has taken rank as one of the fore most institutions of the sort in the south. Doctor Kendrick is medical director of the Southern States Life Insurance Company and the Empire Mutual Annuity and Life Insurance Company; is chief state consultant and examiner of the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company and state referee for the Mutual Bene fit, of New Jersey. He holds membership in the Medical Associa tion of Georgia, being known among his professional confreres as a physician and surgeon of the highest attainments, and an able and popular educator in technical lines. His political proclivities are indicated in the stanch support he accords to the Democratic party, and he is a ruling elder in the Central Presbyterian church, of Atlanta, of which Mrs. Kendrick also is a devoted member. On Dec. 28, 1887, he was united in marriage to Miss Tallulah Groves, daughter of Maj. William L. and Jane (Scott) Groves, of Chattooga county. They have no children. Dr. Kendrick has accom plished a notable work as:an educator in the line of his profession and gives the greater portion of his time to his executive and class room duties in the Atlanta: school of medicine, whose splendid up building has been largely ^conserved through his able and devoted efforts. 
Kenna, a post-hamlet o;f Lincoln county, is about seven miles east of Lincolnton. The nearest railroad station is in South Caro lina, on the line of the Charleston & Western Carolina road. 
Kennedy, a post-hamlet: of Tattnall county, is in the extreme southeastern part, not far : from the Altamaha river. Glennville is the nearest railroad station. 
Kennesaw, an incorporated town of Cobb county, is located on the Western & Atlantic railroad, about half-way between Marietta and Acworth. The population in 1900 was 320. It has a good school system, a number ,of churches, telegraph and express of fices, a money order postoffice, from which several free delivery routes radiate to the surrounding rural districts, and several well patronized mercantile houses. It was formerly called Big Shanty, and is located in a militia district still bearing that name and hav ing a population of 1,399. ; 
Kennesaw Mountain, an elevation in Cobb county, is not far from the little town of Kennesaw, on the Western & Atlantic rail road. All through the month of June, 1864, there was skirmishing from Dalton to Marietta as Johnston retired toward Atlanta with 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
411 
 
Sherman following. After the death of General Polk on Pine Mountain, on the 14th, that peak was quickly abandoned by the Confederates who fell back toward Kennesaw, closely pressed by the Federal commands of Howard and Hooker, though the latter was once repulsed with a loss of over 600. Schofield drove in the Confederate skirmishers and took a position between Lost Moun tain and Gilgal Church, planting his artillery so as to threaten Hardees position. Near Gilgal Church Mercers brigade came near being cut off from the main body and captured, and Olmsteads regiment, the First Georgia, suffered heavily in killed and wounded. 
On the night of the 16th Johnston abandoned his position at Lost Mountain and Gilgal church and, after some prospecting for a more favorable one, formed his line about the crest of Kennesaw mountain, heavy skirmishing occurring on the 17th and 18th while the new line was in process of formation. The new line formed a semi-circle about Marietta, the cavalry constituting the right and left flanks and the artillery, under General French, being planted on Little Kennesaw Mountain. The guns were dragged up by hand during the night of the 19th, because the road was covered by Federal guns. On the 22nd French opened fire from this posi tion, continuing the cannonade into the night, and causing consid erable confusion in the Federal lines. Sherman, it is said, concen trated the fire of 100 cannon against French, many of the trees on the heights being cut down by the cannon balls, some of which passed over the crest and fell in the outskirts of Marietta. While the cannonading was going on during the 22nd Hooker and Scho field made a determined assault on the divisions of Hindman and Stevenson, but were driven back. The Confederates then vigor ously assailed the advance line of the enemy and attempted to cap ture some artillery intrenched on a hill, but they were in turn repulsed with a loss of: about 1,000 men, the Federal loss being about half as many. This is known as the battle of Kolbs Farm. Skirmishing continued until about nine oclock on the morning of the 27th, when, after a furious cannonade and a fire of musketry extending along the whole front of ten miles, the Federal bugles sounded a charge. On the Confederate right the skirmishers were driven in and after an hours hard fighting on this part of the line the Federals were forced to retire. An assault on Wheelers cav alry and the brigades of Featherston, Adams and Quarles was re pulsed by the fire from;a line of rifle pits. In this part of the en gagement Logans division lost seven regimental commanders. Thomas sent forward two columns consisting of four divisions, and 
 
 412 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
on the Burnt Hickory road, near the southwest extremity of Kennesaw, fell upon the brigades of Cockrell and Sears and broke through the skirmish line on Walkers right. Here the Fiftythird Ohio and the Sixty-third Georgia engaged in a hand to hand fight, using their bayonets and the butts of their guns. One com pany of the Sixty-third, the "Oglethorpes" of Augusta, was held in reserve. When the skirmish line was broken this company made a dashing charge, recaptured the rifle-pits and held them until flanked on either side by the enemy, when they were ordered to escape if possible. In the charge and retreat the company lost 23 men in killed and wounded. The survivors joined the regi ment and took a position in front of Walkers line, which they held until Frenchs guns drove the Federals back to the woods. 
The heaviest assault of the day fell upon Cheathams and Cleburnes divisions, the full strength of Davis and Bairds commands being hurled against that part of the Confederate line. During the fight at this point the leaves and underbrush caught fire. As the flames were approaching the Federal wounded the Confederates ceased firing, Colonel Martin raised a white handkerchief upon a stick as a flag of truce and called to the Federal commanders that they could rescue their wounded. As the flames continued to ap proach with startling rapidity the Confederates threw aside their arms, leaped over their works and assisted their enemies in bear ing the unfortunate wounded away from the track of the. fire. One of the Federal officers, impressed by this magnanimous conduct, presented Colonel Martin with his own brace of fine pistols. The Confederate loss was stated at about 600. Having failed to drive Johnston from his position by direct assault Sherman again re sorted to flank movements and on July 3d Johnston abandoned Kennesaw Mountain for a new line at Smyrna Station. In the twentysix days fighting in front of Marietta the Federal loss was about 8,000 in killed, wounded and missing. The Confederate loss was about half that number. 
Kennesaw Water Tanks on the Western & Atlantic railroad, not far from the town of Big Shanty, was the scene of a slight skirmish on Oct. 3, 1864, between a detachment of Gen. A. P. Stewarts corps that was engaged in destroying the railroad, and a small body of Federals, but no detailed account of the action is to be found in the official records of the war; 
Kensington, a village o:f Walker county, is on the Chattanooga Southern railroad, at the point where it crosses Chickamauga creek. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
413 
 
and telegraph service, and is the principal trading and shipping point for that part of the county. 
Kent, John Luther, solicitor of the court of Wrightsville, exmember of the state legislature and known as one of the repre sentative members of the Johnson county bar, is a native of that county, where he was born March 27, 1868. He is a son of Cap tain Thomas W. and Martha (McWhorter) Kent, the former of whom was born in Warren, and the latter in Hancock county, this state. At the outbreak of the war between the states Thomas W. Kent enlisted in a Georgia regiment for the Confederate service, serving eight months as a private and then returning home and raising a company, of which he was made captain. This became Company F of the Forty-eighth Georgia infantry, and Captain Kent remained in the service until the close of the war. He was thrice wounded and was also captured three times, escaping the first two and on the third occasion being held as a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware and later at Fort Pulaski, being thus confined until the end of the conflict. Had it not been for his wounds and his im prisonment he would have been promoted major of his regiment. His service was marked by valor and by devotion to the men in his command. He and his wife now reside at Wrightsville. John L. Kent secured his preliminary education in the schools of Johnson county, after which he : took a course in the Staunton male acad emy, at Staunton, Va. On Jan. 1, 1894, he began studying law under the preceptorship of Judge Alexander F. Daley, of Wrights ville, and on Sept. 19th of the same year he was admitted to the bar of his native county and state, upon examination before the cir cuit court. Since that time he has built up an excellent general practice in this section of the state, having his office and residence in Wrightsville. In politics Mr. Kent accords a stanch allegiance to the Democratic party, in whose cause he has been an active worker in the local field. In 1902 he was elected to represent Johnson county in the state legislature, his term expiring in 1904. In July, 1905, without opposition, he received from Governor Terrell the appointment to the office of solicitor of the city court of Wrightsville, for a term of two years. He is the owner of a farm in Johnson county, and gives a general supervision to the opera tion of the same, the place being one of the valuable plantations of this section. On Oct. 15, 1890, Mr. Kent was united in marriage to Miss Clara Virginia Trawick, daughter of Andrew J. and Eliza beth (Robson) Trawick, the former of whom is now deceased, "hav ing served throughout the Civil war as a valiant soldier of the Con- 
 
 414 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
federacy. His widow now makes her home with Mr. and Mrs. Kent. They have four children, Luie T., Don C., Clara Virginia, and John Luther, Jr. Mrs. Kent is a member of the Baptist church. 
Kent, Lewis W., an honored -veteran of the Confederate service in the Civil war, has been successfully engaged in the retail grocery business at 1319 Estes street, Augusta, since 1889. He is a na tive Georgian, having been born on a plantation in Hancock county, April 13, 1844, and is a son of William R. and Sarah (Morgan) Kent, the former of whom was born in North Carolina and the latter in Georgia. The parents re moved from Hancock to Glascock, and thence to Richmond county, Lewis W. having been six years of age at the time of the second removal, and he has ever since maintained his home in Richmond county, where he was afforded the advantages of the schools. At the age of six teen years he left the home;, farm and took up his abode in the city of Augusta, and in 1864 he tendered his services to the Confeder acy, enlisting as a private in Company D, First Augusta battalion, Wrights brigade, Hardees corps. He was promoted to the rank of corporal and continued in the service until the close of the war. He took part in the battles at Griswoldville, Ga., and Honey Hill, S. C., and in the fights with Shermans army around the city of Savannah. At Lawtons farm, near Savannah, in December, 1864, while on picket duty, he and two of his comrades captured and dis armed seven deserters, turning them over to the Confederate au thorities. All were tried by court martial on the following day and were convicted and executed. At the close of the war Mr. Kent returned to Augusta,; where he was for seventeen years in the employ of the" street railway company. In 1889 he engaged in the retail grocery business -; m his present location, having erected a commodious and substantial building, which constitutes both store and residence, and here he has a very satisfactory factory trade. Besides this property he also owns four tenant houses which yield a good income. In politics Mr. Kent is aligned as a sup porter of the Democratic party, and he is identified with Camp No. 1094, United Confederate Veterans. On March 23, 1865, Mr. Kent married Miss Isabelle Touchstone, daughter of the late William E. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
415 
 
Touchstone, of Cobb county, Ga., and they have six children, namely: Minnie, William E., Lewis L., Walter E., Ernest F. and Margaret. Minnie is now the wife of T. H. Stringer, of Augusta. 
Kettle Creek. One of the most important battles in the South during the Revolution was fought at Kettle creek, in Wilkes county, on Feb. 14, 1779. Colonel Boyd, of the British army, with a force of 800 regulars and Carolina Tories, tried to effect a junc tion with Colonel Campbell at Augusta. Through the alertness and activity of the Americans he was forced to go up the Savannah river to a point about eighteen miles above the mouth of Broad river before he could effect a crossing. After crossing the river he went west until he thought he was far enough inland to avoid the Americans, then turned toward Augusta. On the morning of the 13th he crossed Broad river at a place called Webbs Ferry and proceeded toward Little river, where he expected McGirth to join him with reinforcements. Meantime a junction had been formed by the Americans under Pickens, Dooly and Clarke near the mouth of Broad river and the whole force, under the command of Pickens started in pursuit of Boyd. Captain Neal, with a small party, was sent to the rear of Boyd, with instructions to send word occasion ally so as to keep Pickens informed of the enemys movements. This duty was faithfully executed and on the night of the 13th the Americans encamped within four miles of the British, who knew nothing of their proximity. Early on the following morning they began the march and came upon the British on the north side of Kettle creek, while they were engaged in killing some cattle and getting breakfast. The line of march was the order of battle. Dooly on the right and Clarke on the left, each with one hundred men, while Pickens, with two hundred, occupied the center. Or ders were given not to fire until within thirty-five paces of the foe, but as the Americans approached the pickets discharged their pieces and fell back with the alarm. Boyd formed his line under shelter of a fence and some fallen timber, but was soon overpow ered and compelled to retreat. He received three wounds, which proved mortal and Major Spurgen assumed command in his place. After a warm contest for about an hour the British retreated through the swamp and across the creek. Clarke followed and the battle was renewed with vigor on the other side. The Amer icans at last gained the high ground for which they had been con tending and the enemy fled from the field in confusion. The British lost 70 killed, a number wounded and 75 prisoners. The American loss was 9 killed and 33 wounded, two of whom after- 
 
 41G 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ward died. The importance of the action was greater than the 
numbers engaged would indicate. It broke up the Tory forces in 
North Carolina so effectively that they never afterward gave the 
people of Georgia any trouble. 
Kenwood, a post-village of Fayette county, is a station on the 
Southern railway, about five miles north of Fayetteville. 
Kermit, a post-hamlet of Whitfield county, is about five miles 
southeast of Cohutta, which is the nearest railroad station. Kestler, a town in the eastern part of Early county, was incor 
porated by act of the legislature on Dec. 6, 1900. According to the census of that year it had a population of 110. It is on the Georgia, Florida & Alabama railroad, has a money order postoffice, some mercantile interests, and does considerable shipping. 
Key, James B., who is ; established in a substantial wholesale grocery business in the city of Columbus, is one of the prominent and progressive young business men who are so well maintaining the commercial prestige of; that city, which is the place of his na tivity, his birth having here occurred on June 21, 1877. He is a son of Dr. Howard W. and Ozella (Biggers) Key, who maintain their home in Columbus and both of whom are native of Georgia, the father having been born at Lumpkin, Stewart county, in 1853, and the mother in Harris \ county, in 1854. Doctor Key is now southern superintendent of, agencies for the Citizens Life Insur ance Company, of Louisville, Ky. He is a son of Rt. Rev. Joseph S. Key, of Sherman, Tex.,; a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal church South, and a distinguished figure in his church, as he has also been in educational fields. Bishop Keys wife, Mrs. Lucy (Kidd) Key, is owner and president of the Texas female college, of Sherman, the largest school for girls in the South. The ma ternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch was the late Judge J. J. W. Biggers, of Harris county, Ga. Dr. Howard W. and Ozella (Biggers) Key have four sons and two daughters; James B., Howard W., Jr., Benjamin W., Basom B., Ozella B., who is now the wife of E. L. Klankinship, and Miss Emma S., all being resi dents of Columbus. Within his earlier youth James B. Key at tended several colleges, and in 1896 he was graduated in Vanderbilt university, Nashville, Tenn;, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. For one year thereafter he remained in Jackson, Tenn., as secretary and treasurer of the Memphis conference female insti tute, of which his father was at that time president and owner. In 1897 he engaged in the: retail grocery business in Columbus, Ga., and five years later, in 1902, he withdrew from the retail trade 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
417 
 
and established his present wholesale grocery business, at 1133-5 First avenue, from which headquarters he also conducts a large farmers supply trade. He is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party and served one term as representative of the eighth ward on the board of aldermen of Columbus, being at the present time a member of the board of police commissioners of the city. He is a member of the Columbus board of trade, is a Royal-Arch Mason, belongs to the Woodmen of the World, and both he and his wife are prominent members of St. Lukes church, Methodist Episcopal South, of which he is a steward and secretary of the Sunday school. On March 3, 189(5, Mr. Key was united in marriage to Miss Lyda May .Botts, of Jackson, Tennessee, and they have five children, John B., James W., Lyda May, Josephine W. and Dorothy S. 
Keysville, a town in the northwestern part of Burke county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Dec. 29, 1890. In 1900 the population was 101. It is on the line of the Augusta South ern railway, has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph service, and is the chief trading center and shipping point for that section. 
Kibbee, a little village in Monroe county, is about eight miles northeast of Mount Vernon and a short distance south of the Macon, Dublin & Savannah railroad. It has a money order postof fice, with rural free delivery, and forms a trading center for the surrounding district. 
Killarney, a post-hamlet in the southern part of Early county, is not far from the Miller county line. Jakin, on the Atlantic Coast Line, is the nearest railroad station. 
Kimsey, a post-hamlet of White county, is some six miles north west of Cleveland. Alto, on the Southern railroad, is the nearest station. 
Kincaid, a post-village in the southern part of Chattooga county, is near the western base of Simms mountain and a short distance east of the Central of Georgia railway. 
Kinchafoonee County. On Dec. 16, 1853, the general assembly passed an act creating a county to be called Kinchafoonee from part of Stewart county, and appointing commissioners to locate a court-house. The following year the name was changed to Web ster, in honor of Daniel Webster. 
Kinderlou, a post-village of Lowndes county, is on the Atlantic Coast Line railway, about six miles west of Valdosta. 
King, Alfred F., one of the prominent real-estate men of Savantriah, is a native of the Empire State, having been born in the vil- 
27-11 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
lage of Adams, Jefferson county, N. Y., Sept. 6, 1868. He is a son of William H. and Annie Frances (Hyde) King, the former of whom was born in Pennsylvania and the latter in the city of Lon don, England. Their marriage was solemnized in Savannah, where they resided for some time thereafter, both being now deceased. Alfred F. King passed his childhood and youth in his native town, in whose public schools he secured his early educational discipline. His father died on Jan. 23, 1885, and the widowed mother then re turned to Savannah, accompanied by her five sons, and here she continued to make her home until her death on Nov. 28, 1898. Al fred F. King was about seventeen years of age at the time of the removal to Savannah, and ;here he has since continued to reside, while he has won for himself a place in the business and social life of the city. His brothers Charles H., Albert M. and Pervical M. likewise reside in Savannah, and the other brother, Rev. William D., is a clergyman of the Baptist church and a missionary in north China. From 1885 until 1896 Alfred F. King was head stock clerk for the wholesale and retail; clothing house of B. H. Levy & Bro., and on Jan. 1, 1896, he acce-pted his present position, that of cash ier and manager of the Charles F. Fulton real-estate agency, in which connection he has proven a capable and discriminating ex ecutive. He is a member ;of the Baptist church, as is also his wife; is affiliated with the lodge, chapter and commandery of the Masonic fraternity, as well as with the Mystic Shrine, being at the present time (1905) worshipful master of Solomons Lodge, No. 1, Free and Accepted Masons, which is said to be the oldest Masonic lodge in the United States, dating its institution back to the year 1735. In politics Mr. King is a stanch Democrat, but has never sought or held office. On June 2, -1892, he was united in marriage to Miss Leila Sweat, daughter of the late John F. Sweat, of Sa vannah, a prosperous and prominent rice planter who served as a soldier in the Confederate cavalry during the Civil war. Mr. and Mrs. King have two sons, William Furman, and Edward Duncan. 
King, Harris Macleod, is one of the representative business men and popular citizens of the city of Brunswick, where he is promi nently identified with the naval-stores business and the manufactur ing of turpentine products. He was born at Roswell, Cobb county, Ga., April 29, 1860, a son ; of Dr. Barrington S.- and Sarah E. (Macleod) King, the former of whom was born in Liberty county, Ga., Oct. 17, 1833^ and the latter in Versailles, Mo., Aug. 27, 1840. John King, who was born in York, England, in 1629, came to America at:the age of sixteen years, in 1645. and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
419 
 
located in Connecticut, being numbered among the first settlers of that colony. He reared a large family of children, and the records of Connecticut show that thirty-two of his descendants took part 
in the war of the Revolution, one of the 
number being Timothy King, great-great 
grandfather of the subject of this sketch. 
Roswell King, the great-grandfather, was 
one of the colony of New Englanders who 
settled in Liberty county, Ga., shortly 
after the Revolution, and was one of the 
prominent and influential citizens of the 
colony. Later he founded the town of 
Roswell, Cobb county, which place was 
settled by his son Barrington, grand 
father of the subject of this review, and 
by a number of families from the Geor gia seaboard, among them being the Gouldings, Pratts, Bullocks, Smiths, Lewis, Dunwoclys and others. In the maternal line Mr. King is descended from Francis Harris, who was among the first settlers of Savannah andwho held several civil and military of fices under the crown. He was also the first speaker of the first colonial general assembly which met in Savannah, Jan. 7, 1755. Dr. Barrington S. King was living at Columbia, S. C, at the time of the outbreak of the Civil war, and as soon as circumstances per mitted he entered the Confederate service as a member of the gal lant and renowned command known as Cobbs Georgia Legion, in which he enlisted the week following the battle of Manassas, In February, 1862, General Cobb sent home five non-commissioned officers and one private, Doctor King, to raise cavalry companies. Doctor King was made captain of his company, which was mus tered into service, at Atlanta, early in April. When the battles around Richmond began, the legion entered into active service and participated in the engagements at Seven Pines, Games Mill, Malvern Hill, in Stuarts famous raid and the advance into Maryland, taking part in the capture of Harpers Ferry and the first and sec ond fights at Brandy Station. The command also took part in the battles of Gettysburg,; the Wilderness, Cold Harbor and Reams Station, as weil as many other important engagements which marked the progress of the great conflict. Doctor King rose to the rank of lieutenant-colonel of his regiment and was recognized as a gallant and able officer.! He remained in active service until the war was practically at an end, and met his death on the morning of 
 
 420 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
March 10, 1865, while gallantly leading his regiment in a charge against Kilpatricks cavalry, near Averasboro, N. C. A record of his service may be found in the history of the famous legion of which he was so valuable and popular a member. Harris Macleod King, the immediate subject of this sketch, was afforded the ad vantages of Kenmore high school, an excellent academic institu tion, in Amherst county, Va., which he attended until he had attaincT to the age of sixteen years. He then became identified with the naval-stores business, and has ever since been connected with this important industry, having had thorough and practical ex perience in every branch of it. At the present time he is engaged in the manufacture of turpentine and rosin, and is also business manager for the Brunswick branch of the John R. Young Com pany, naval-stores factors, commission merchants and wholesale grocers, with headquarters; in the city of Savannah. In local poli tics he gives his allegiance and support to the Democracy, but in national affairs he has voted independently since 1896. Both he and his wife are communicants of St. Marks Protestant Episcopal church of Brunswick, in which he is one of the vestrymen and secretary. He is identified; with the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the Society of Colonial Wars, the Sons of the Revolution, and the S . Andrews Society, a ;Scotch organization. His great-great grandfather, Col. Thomas Barrington, was a kinsman and intimate friend of General Oglethorpe, and was a gallant soldier in the col onial days, having done much to assist in driving the Spaniards from the Georgia colony. Fort Barrington, Ga., was named in his honor. Among the ancestors of Mr. King who were soldiers of the Continental line in the war of the Revolution were William Young, George Salmon, James Nephew and James Geguilliat. The last mentioned served under Gen. Francis Marion in South Caro lina. After the war he removed to Mclntosh county, Ga., and be came a prominent figure in the history of that county. He was one of the delegates to the state constitutional convention which assembled shortly after the close of the Revolution. Col. Francis H. Harris, great-grand-uncle of Mr. King, was a valiant soldier in the Revolution and sacrificed his life in the cause, having died while in the service, in South Carolina, in 1782. On Dec. 10, 1884, Mr. King was united in marriage to Miss Georgia H. Baker, daugh ter of Dr. Daniel and Irene (Trenholm) Baker, of Charleston, S. C., and the names of the four children of this union are here en tered, with respective places and dates of birth: Harris Macleod, Jr., Marrietta, Ga., Aug. 30; 1886; Irene Trenholm, Brunswick, Ga., 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
43.1 
 
July 31, 1891; Barrington, Marietta, Aug. 24, 1894; and Pauline 
Trenholm, Brunswick, Feb. 17, 1898. King, John P., was born in Glasgow, Ky., in 1799 and moved to 
Georgia in 1815. He attended the Richmond academy, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1819. He was elected United States senator as a State Rights Democrat to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of Troup; was reflected for a full term and served from Dec. 2, 1833, until Nov. 1, 1837, when he resigned. He was afterward appointed judge; served as president of the Geor gia Railroad and Banking Company from 1841 to 1878, and was a delegate to the state constitutional convention of 1865. He died 
at Augusta in 1888. 
King, Thomas Butler, lawyer, states 
man, diplomat, was born at Palmer, 
Mass., Aug. 27, 1797, and died at Wares- 
boro, Ga., May 10, 1864. He was the son 
of Capt. Daniel King, born at Palmer, 
Mass., Sept. 2, 1749, and died March 15, 
1815, and of his wife, Hannah Lord, born 
at New London, Conn., in 1747, and died 
in 1814. They were married in New 
London, Conn,, in 1780. Capt. Daniel 
King was an officer in the Palmer com 
pany of minute-men, who responded to 
the Lexington alarm on April 19, 1775, fought at Bunker Hill and was engaged at other points in the war for independence. Thomas Butler Kings great-grandfather, John King, came from Suffolk, England, to Boston in 1710, married Sarah Alien and was first proprietor of Kingston, Mass., afterwards called Palmer. His mother, Hannah Lord, was of the fifth genera tion of descendants from Thomas and Dorothy Lord, who came from England in 1635 and were among the first landed proprietors of Hartford, Conn. Their eldest son, Richard Lord, was at one time secretary of the colony; was captain of the first troop of horse (1657-1660) ; served as a member of the assembly; was a patentee of the Charter of Charles II, and was "one of the most energetic and efficient men of the colony." His tombstone still stands in New London, with its quaint epitaph beginning "The flower of our Cavalry here lieth"; Thomas Butler King studied law in Phila delphia and after being admitted to practice removed to Georgia where he married Miss Anna Matilda Page, the only child of Maj. William Page, of St. Simons island, Ga,, who had served in the 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Revolution in his native state, South Carolina. After his mar riage on Dec. 2, 1824, Mr. King identified himself with his adopted state and devoted himself to her interests. He was a man of ex alted character and masterful intellect; sound in health of body and mind; of temperate habits and great energy; with beauty of person and peculiar charm; of manner, in private life his conduct was stainless. In the management of his large plantation and his justice and kindness to his negroes, who loved him with enthus iasm, he was an example of a strong and noble nature. In politics he was a Whig and was one of the leaders of his party; a friend of Webster and Clay and accompanied Clay in his southern can vass for the presidency. Mr. King entered public life in 1832 as a member of the state senate, and continued in the legislature until 1837. The following year he was elected to Congress and was reelected in 1840; he was again elected in 1844 and 1846. In Geor gia he worked with enthusiasm for all public improvements. In Congress, as chairman of the committee on naval affairs, he se cured the establishment of ithe "Collins Line", "The Pacific Mail", and other important maritime legislation. For his work in this direction he was publicly complimented and sent home on a naval cruiser. After the Mexican war he was sent to California to make a report on the newly acquired territory and given a military es cort. His report to the government gave great impetus to the tide of emigration; He was afterwards made first collector of the port of San Francisco, and having been given discretionary powers he was an important factor in establishing law and order in that wild community, and by his fairness won high esteem. He was de feated for the United States senate from California by only one vote on party lines. He was one of the originators of the South ern Pacific railway, securing by his persistent efforts, the right of way through Texas, and immense grants of land, insuring thereby the final completion of that national enterprise. Like other emi nent Georgians he was opposed to secession, but when it came he gave his loyal support to his state and was sent by Governor Brown as a commissioner to Europe. There he initiated important nego tiations for the aid and recognition of the Confederacy, but requir ing further authority for I; these, he returned, narrowly escaping capture by the blockade, hifnself and crew saving themselves in an open boat after setting fire; to their vessel. In the meantime his noble wife and eldest son had died, and the family were compelled to abandon the home on St. Simons island. The four remaining sons enlisted in the Confederate service. His efforts were then 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
423 
 
directed to securing war vessels for the Confederacy, but before he attained this object he died on May 10, 1864. 
King, John Floyd, fifth son of Thomas Butler King, left the uni versity of Virginia to enter the Confederate army and enlisted as a private in the Albemarle Rifles, of Virginia; was appointed sec ond lieutenant in the Georgia regulars; transferred in Virginia to the artillery; served with distinction in campaigns of the Army of Northern Virginia; was promoted to various grades of company and field rank; when detached from main army, commanded as chief of artillery in the armies under Generals Heath and Loring in Western Virginia, Generals Buckner and Jones in East Ten nessee and of the army commanded by General Breckenridge on the Shenandoah; was artillery division commander under Early in the campaign against Washington City, throughout the valley of Virginia and into Maryland; was appointed brigadier-general of artillery by official certificate, by General Breckenridge, secretary of war of the Confederacy, on retreat of Lees Army from Rich mond. After the war he resided in Mississippi and Louisiana, in which states he became a prominent factor in reestablishing white domination and social order, his slogan ever being, The white man must and shall rule"; studied law; engaged extensively in the pro duction of cotton in Louisiana; was first to conceive and inaugu rate the use of chemical poison (Paris-green) for the destruction of the army worm (the cotton caterpillar), making a practical suc cess of the operation on thousands of acres of cotton at the first trial. He was made brigadier-general of state troops (white) by Governor John McEnery and subsequently by Governor Nichols, serving actively in deposing carpet-bag military and negro gov ernment and in the establishment of white supremacy in Louis iana and throughout the lower Mississippi valley. He was elected to Congress from Louisiana and served eight years, initiating measures for the creation of the Isthmian Canal, and of legislation for the improvement of the Mississippi river and the protection of its banks from overflow:, by the General Government; was one of the initiators of the laws of the national quarantine against yellow fever and other epidemic diseases, declaring "Public Health to be Public Happiness." From its creation he waged relentless war against the "Louisiana Lottery," never ceasing until the final de struction of that monster of immorality a struggle which con tinued for over twelve years. Though not a candidate he received many votes for the United States senate by the Nichols, white, legislature of Louisiana. During the Spanish-American war his 
 
 424 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
name was held by President McKinley for appointment of majorgeneral of volunteers, but the war closed before the opportunity came to announce the appointment. He is now engaged in min ing operations and in the promotion and development of public industries. 
King, Henry Lord Page, the second son of Thomas Butler King, graduated at Yale university and the Harvard law school, and was admitted to the bar in New York. When Georgia seceded from the Union he returned home and in June, 1861, enlisted in the Con federate army. He passed unhurt through the battles of the Pen insula, Richmond and Sharpsburg, was at the capture of Harpers Ferry, and fell at Fredericksburg, Dec. 13, 1862. Captain King was noted for his gallantry and : fidelity to the cause in whose service he had enlisted. In his report of the battle of Fredericksburg Maj.-Gen. Lafayette McLaws, commanding a division in the Con federate army, says: "My aide-de-camp, Capt. H. L. P. King, was killed on Maryes Hill, pierced with five balls, while carrying an order to Brig.-Gen. Cobb. He was a brave and accomplished of ficer and gentleman, and had already distiguished himself during the operation in front of Fredericksburg, as he had done in all the other engagements when on; duty." (Official Records of the Un ion and Confederate Armies, Vol. XXI, page 582). 
King, Mallory Page, fourth son of Thomas B. King, graduated at the Georgia military institute and at Mahans school of engi neering, West Point, N. Y. In 1861 he entered the Confederate service as a lieutenant of cavalry in the "Glynn Guards." He was transferred to the staff of Brig.-Gen. W. D. Smith, and given the rank of captain and assistant adjutant-general. With this com mand he was in the military operations around Charleston, S. C., and after the death of General Smith he was attached to the com mand of General Gist. He passed through the Mississippi cam paign of 1863; fought at Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge; served with the army tinder Gen. J. E. Johnston from Dallas to Atlanta;; was transferred to the staff of Maj.Gen. McLaws at Savannah, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel and assistant inspector-general; was the last man to cross the pontoon bridge when Hardee evacuated the city, fought through the cam paign of the Carolinas; was conspicuous for his gallantry in the battle of Bentonville; was transferred to the staff of General Walthall and given the rank of Colonel, and General Walthall said he was the most efficient staff officer he had ever known. He was paroled with Johnstons army at Goldsboro, N. C., in April, 1865. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
425 
 
King, Richard Cuyler, sixth son of Thomas B. King, was prepar 
 
ing to enter the University of Virginia when Georgia seceded. He 
 
enlisted as a private in the "Glynn Guards," a cavalry organization 
 
in which each man furnished his own horse and equipments. In 
 
1862 he was appointed by President Davis a lieutenant in the First 
 
battalion of Georgia sharpshooters, with which he took an active 
 
part in the first bombardment of Fort McAllister. He next served 
 
under Gen. J. E. Johnston in Mississippi until August, 1863, and 
 
was afterward with the Army of Tennessee until captured at Nash 
 
ville on Dec. 16, 1864. While with this command he participated 
 
in the battles of Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Missionary 
 
Ridge, and all the engagements of the Atlanta campaign. Subse 
 
quently he was with Hood in his campaign into north Georgia^ and 
 
Tennessee, having won a captains commission by his gallant ton- 
 
duct. When captured he was taken to Johnsons island in Lake 
 
Erie and held a prisoner until June 16, 1865, when he was paroled. 
 
Kingry, a post-hamlet in the northern part of Wilkinson county, 
 
is about ten miles northeast of Gordon, which is the most conven 
 
ient railroad station. 
 
Kingsland, a village in the southern part of Camden county, is on 
 
the Seaboard Air Line railway, about four miles from the St. 
 
Marys river. It has a money order postoffice, express and tele 
 
graph offices, some mercantile and shipping interests, and in 1900 
 
reported a population of 105. 
 
Kingston, a town in Bartow county, is on the Western & Atlan 
 
tic railroad, and is the eastern terminus of a short railroad to 
 
Rome. It has an express office, a money order postoffice and sev 
 
eral stores. In 1900 the town had in its corporate limits 512 in 
 
habitants, while the population of the whole Kingston district was 
 
1,664. On May, 1864, as the rival Union and Confederate armies 
 
were taking position for a battle near Cassville, there was some 
 
sharp skirmishing around this town, but it was attended by no 
 
important results to either side. 
 
Kingwood, a town in the central part of Colquitt county, was 
 
incorporated by act of the legislature on August 13, 1903. It is 
 
one of the new towns in ithat section of the state, as no report of 
 
its population is included in the census of 1900. It is located on 
 
the Atlantic & Birmingham railway, about five miles east of Moul- 
 
trie. 
 
-; 
 
Kinlaw, a post-hamlet in the southern part of Camden county, is 
 
a short distance south of the Crooked river. Seals, on the Sea 
 
board Air Line railway, is the nearest station. 
 
 426 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Kiokee, a post-village in the eastern part of Columbia county, is on a creek of the same name. Woodlawn, S. C., is the nearest rail road station. The population in 1900 was 41. 
Kirby, James Edward, is one of the able and popular newspaper men of the 
state, being editor and publisher of the : North Georgian, at Gumming, the thriv 
ing little capital city of Forsyth county. 
He was born at Spartanburg, S. C., July 
: 23, 1865, and in the same state were also ? born his parents, William Simpson Kirby 
: and Permelia (Nolen) Kirby. William 
S. Kirby manifested his loyalty to the 
: Confederacy at the outbreak of the Civil : war by enlisting, in 1861, as a member 
: of a South Carolina regiment. In a spir ited engagement he was wounded in the knee, was confined in hos pital several months and: then rejoined his command, with which he continued in active service until the close of the war. James E. Kirby, subject of this review, was afforded the advantages of the academy at dimming, Ga., to which place his parents removed soon after the war, and at the age of eleven years he entered upon an apprenticeship at the printing trade a discipline that has con sistently been pronounced the equivalent of a liberal education when followed to its proper conclusion. He fourjd employment in an office conducted by James R. Morris and John C. Blackstock, of Cumming, and for six years he was engaged with this firm in the capacity of compositor, becoming a skilled workman. There after he was employed in the office of the Clarion, at Cumming, for ten years, at the expiration of which he went to Buford, Gwinnett county, where he followed the work of his trade for seven months. He then returned to Cumming, establishing the Baptist Leader for J. S. Williams, and continued in charge of the plant from December, 1890, to; March, 1897, under the regime of Mr. Williams, who then sold the property and business to A. E. Booth, for whom Mr. Kirby remained as manager until November, 1898. The property then passed into the possession of Rev. William J. Hyde, who conducted the: paper until December of the following year, when Mr. Kirby boiight the plant, and has since been editor and publisher of the paper, the title of which he changed to the North Georgian. When he secured the office the plant was in run down condition, the press- utilized being an old-time Washington 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
4g? . 
 
hand machine. He has brought the equipment up to high modern standards, installed a cylinder press and two job presses, and operates the same with a gasoline engine. He has one of the best offices in the county and the business is constantly expanding in scope and importance. Mr. Kirby owns the entire property, in cluding the lot and building, and is fortunate in being able to con duct the business in all departments without employing help outside his own family. His three daughters are skilled composi tors and his three sons are in line for rapid advancement in knowl edge of the "art preservative of all arts." The paper is ably edited, enjoys marked popularity in the county, has a good circulation and a liberal advertising patronage. Mr. Kirby is unfaltering in his allegiance to the Democratic party, and both he and his wife are zealous members of the local Baptist church. He is a member of the Farmers Union of Forsyth county. On Dec. 35, 1884, Mr. Kirby was united in marriage to Miss Eva Willingham, adopted daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Willingham, of Gumming, and they have six children Bertha, Alma, Ina May, Thomas, John E. and Eugene. 
Kirkland, a town in the southern part of Coffee county, is lo cated on the Atlantic Coast Line railway, about six or seven miles east of Lellaton. Its population in 1900 was 125. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, some mercantile and shipping interests, and is one of the thriving towns in that section of the county. 
Kirkwood, an incorporated town of Dekalb county, is on the Georgia railroad, a short distance west of Decatur. The popula tion in 1900 was 699. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph accommodations, some manufacturing and mercantile in terests, good schools, etc., and is connected with both Atlanta and Decatur by electric railway. 
Kirven, Joseph Albert, president of the J. A. Kirven Company, of Columbus, is not only one of the representative citizens of that section of the state, but also a scion of old and honored families of the commonwealth of Georgia. He was born in Columbus, April 24, 1849, and is a son of James Henry Kirven, who was born in Fayetteville, N. C, April 10, 1804, and who came to Muscogee county, Ga., in 1828. On May 20, of the following year he married Miss Thirza Severs Gray, in Columbus, her birth having oc curred in Morgan county, Ga., Oct. 3, 1812. His death took place March 13, 1855. He was a carpenter by trade and was a success ful contractor and builder of Columbus at the time of his death. 
 
 428 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
His widow later became the wife of Joel B. Estes, of Columbus, where she died in 1892, at the age of seventy-nine years. The chil dren of James Henry and Thirza B. Kirven were Mrs. Margaret 
Estes; Alexander C., who died in 1873 from disease brought on from exposure ; during the Civil war; Mrs. Jennie Acee; : William Henry, who died in military pri- 
: son at Fort Douglas in 1864; Joseph vAlbert; R. M., and Mrs. Ella Cocke. Mrs. James Henry Kirven was a daughter of 
: Richard and Margaret (Bevers) Gray, : the former of whom was born in North 
; Carolina, April 14, 1781, and the latter in ; Greene county, Ga., Dec. 1, 1790. Their 
marriage was solemnized Oct. 24, 1811. Richard Gray came to Georgia in 1806, first locating in Greene county, and taking up his residence in Muscogee county in 1828. He died March 16, 1851, and his wife passed away in November, 1863, They became the parents of eight chil dren, namely: Thirza Bevers, Thomas Russell, Francis Marion, Elijah Lloyd, William Cason, Martha Jane, Richard Monroe and James Thomas. All are: now deceased except the last two men tioned. Joseph A. Kirven, the immediate subject of this sketch, secured his early educational training in the schools of Columbus, and was about twelve years of age at the inception of the Civil war. Before the close of the war, however, he was able to render aid to the cause of the Confederacy, as a coremaker in the arsenal at Columbus. After the close of the war he clerked in a store dur ing the days and attended school evenings for a considerable period of time, thus showing his ambition and rounding out his education. Since August 1, 1876, he has been a dry-goods merchant and has attained to unqualified success through his well directed efforts. He has risen by degrees In the local business field and since Oct. 1, 1903, has been the president of the J. A. Kirven Company, of which he was the organizer, the concern being the successor of the firm of which he had previously been the executive head. He owns about ninety per cent, of ; the stock of this corporation, whose es tablishment is one of the :finest in Columbus, being the largest re tail dry-goods store in the city. It is thoroughly metropolitan in equipment and facilities and caters to an extensive and discrim inating trade. Mr. Kirven is a director of the National bank of Columbus and has other capitalistic interests, being one of the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
429 
 
prominent and influential business men of his native city. He has served several terms as president of the board of trade, of which he remains a valued member; was a member of the board of alder men three terms; and served fourteen years as a member of the board of school trustees of Columbus, being chairman of the finan cial committee the greater portion of the time. He is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party and a zealous member of the First Baptist church, of whose board of deacons he is chairman, and has served as superintendent of the Sunday school for the past fourteen years. He takes a deep interest in all that touches the material and moral well-being of his home city, and is president of the Columbus Young Mens Christian Association, having been the incumbent of this office when the fine building of the associa tion was erected, as well as one of the leading supporters and pro moters of the project which resulted in the erection of the build ing. He is affiliated with the Royal Arcanum, the National Un ion, the Ancient Order of United Workmen and the Knights of the Maccabees, and is held in unequivocal esteem in both business and social circles. On Nov. 23, 1873, Mr. Kirven was united in mar riage to Miss Ella Jane Wall, daughter of the late Cornelius D. Wall, of Macon and Columbus. She was summoned to the life eternal July 1, 1903, leaving six children, of whom the following brief record is entered: Ella is the wife of Thomas Gilbert, sec retary and treasurer of the J. A. Kirven Company: Margaret is the wife of Wesley T. Laney; the unmarried daughters are Misses Florence Wall, Annie Louise and Eula May; and James Dupont, the only son, now holds a responsible position with the National bank of Columbus. 
Kiser, William Howell, a leading mer chant of Atlanta, was born in that city 
in 1874, and was educated in its schools. His father, Marion C. Kiser, was the 
head of a large mercantile establishment, and upon his death in 1893, his son Wil 
liam became a member of the firm, which was incorporated in 1894 as the M. C. Kiser Company, wholesale dealers 
in shoes. In 1897 Mr. Kiser was married to Miss Lucy, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. 
W. L. Peel, and grand-daughter of Gen. 
Philip Cook. To this marriage have been born three sons: William H., Jr., Lawson Peel, and Marion C. 
 
 430 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Mr. Kiser finds time from his large business interests for healthful recreation, and is a member of the Capital City, Piedmont and Athletic clubs. He is a member of the First Baptist church, and is one of Atlantas most progressive young merchants. 
Kite, a town in Johnson county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Sept. 11, 1891. It is about ten miles east of Wrightsville, is located on the Wadley & Mount Vernon railroad, and in 1900 reported a population of 156. It has a money order postoffice, from which several free delivery routes emanate, some good mer cantile establishments and does considerable shipping. 
Knight, William T., who conducts two well appointed retail drug stores in the city of Savannah, was born in Jesup, Wayne county, Ga., Sept. 1, 1867, and the same county figures as the native place of his parents, James M., and Harriet E. (Drawcly) Knight, who still reside on the homestead farm in that county. The paternal grand father, John N. Knight, was likewise born in Wayne county, with whose annals the name has been long and prominently identified. James M. Knight was a valiant soldier of the Confederacy during the Civil war, having been a; private in Company I, of a Georgia reg iment of volunteers and served from the beginning of the war until the battle of Gettysburg, in which he received a wound that com pletely destroyed the use of his right arm, so that he received his honorable discharge, being incapacitated for further active field duty. Three of his brothers were killed in the battle of Gettysburg, two of them having been at his side when they were shot down. Since the war he has resided on his farm in Wayne county. Wil liam T. Knight secured such educational advantages as were af forded in the common schools of Wayne county and he was as sociated in the work and management of the home farm until he at tained the age of sixteen years, when he took up his residence in Jesup, where he was a clerk in a general store for the following six months, at the expiration of which, in 1883, he entered the drug store of his uncle, Dr. George W. Drawdy, of Jesup, for whom he clerked three years, gaining a thorough knowledge of all depart ments of the business. In 1887 he removed to Savannah, where he was employed as a drug clerk and pharmacist until July 11, 1890, when he engaged in the drug business on his own responsibility, opening what is known as ^Knights Pharmacy, at the corner of Drayton street and Oglethorpe avenue, east. Here he controls a large and representative trade. On May 12, 1904 he opened another drug store at the corner of Duffy and Whitaker streets, and in the spring of 1906 he opened a large and thoroughly modern drug 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
431 
 
store on Broughton street, making three large stores he conducts in Savannah. He is also financially interested in another drug store in Savannah, and is the owner of a well equipped drug establish ment in Jesup. Mr. Knight has risen to independence and definite success through his own efforts, and is one of the reliable and popu lar business men of Savannah. He is president of the Savannah retail druggists association; is a member of the lodge, chapter and commandery of the Masonic fraternity; belongs to the adjunct organization, the Mystic Shrine; and is also identified with the Knights of Pythias, the Savannah Yacht club, and the Savannah rifle association. He and his wife are members of Trinity church, Methodist Episcopal South. On Sept. 1, 1892, Mr. Knight was united in marriage to Miss Fannie C. Grady, daughter of Henry W. Grady, of Jesup, Ga., and they have one child, William T., Jr., born May 29, 1895. 
Knights of Pythias. The first movement to introduce the order of Knights of Pythias into Georgia was on Sept. 5, 1869, when four teen gentlemen met in Savannah and took steps to organize a lodge. At another meeting on the 16th officers were elected and on the 24th Forest City Lodge, No. 1, was instituted. On that occasion oc curred the initiation of the first Knights of Pythias in the state. From that beginning the order has grown until at the close of 1904 there were 155 lodges, with a total membership of 10,451. In his advance reports for 1905. the Grand Keeper of the Records and Seal says: "Georgia stands among those at the head in point of numerical increase during: the past year in the Supreme Domain. Our net increase for the year 1904 was 1,139, being the largest in crease during any one year in the history of the Order in this state." The Uniform and Endowment ranks are both well represented in the state and on May 12, 1905, the first temple of the Rathbone Sisters was instituted in Savannah, by Mrs. Josie Nelson, Supreme Mistress of Records and Correspondence, of Union City, Ind. Of this temple Mrs. Josie Cox was made P. C., Mrs. Jennie Dreeson, M. E. C, and Mrs. Georgia Leopold, M. of R. and C. 
Know-Nothings. In 1853 a secret political society was organized in the Northern States under this name, its principles and objects, as set forth in a convention of the party in New York in 1855, being as follows: "The Americans shall rule America; the union of these states; no northj no south, no east, no west; the United States of America, as they are, one and inseparable; no sectarian interferences in our legislation, or in the administration of American law; hostility to the assumption of the pope, through the bishops, 
 
 432 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
etc., in a republic sanctified by Protestant blood; thorough reform in the naturalization laws, requiring twenty^one years residence of all foreigners previous to voting; free and liberal educational insti tutions for all sorts and classes, with the Bible, Gods holy word, as a universal text-book." 
The society grew rapidly until 1856, when it became divided and rapidly dissolved. The larger portion united with the Republicans in the nomination of Fremont for president, and the minority joined with the American party in the nomination of Millard Fillmore. The Know-Nothings originated at a period of party dis organization and was never: popular in Georgia as a secret political society. The American party, which repudiated the sectionalism and religious proscription of the Know-Nothings, placed a state ticket in the field in Georgia in 1857. Fifty-seven counties were represented in the convention, Benjamin H. Hill was nominated for governor, but he was defeated by Joseph E. Brown. 
Knox, Robert H., a prominent busi 
ness man of Savannah, was born in that city Jan. 25, 1862. He is a son of the Rev. Walter and Ellen (Hilton) Knox, the former being a native of Maryland and the latter of England. Rev. Walter Knox was a prominent member of the 
clergy, of the Methodist Episcopal church South, and served long and faithfully in the ministry, principally in Georgia. He departed this life in 1882, and his widow, 
now venerable in years, makes her home in Savannah. In 1876 the Knox family located in Darien, where the subject of this review spent the inter vening years, to 1905, when he removed to Savannah. While a resident of Darien Col. Knox served the city as its Mayor for sev eral terms, giving it a business like and progressive administration. He also was a member of the board of aldermen for a number of years, enjoying the esteem and confidence of the entire community. Throughout his entire business career he has been identified with the lumber industry as a member of the Hilton-Dodge Lumber Company, being a large stockholder in this concern and its second vice-president. The company is one of the largest in the South, own ing seven manufacturing plants, while offices are maintained at Sa vannah and Darien, Ga., and in New York city. Capt. Joseph Hilton, the president of this corporation, is an uncle of Colonel Knox, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
433 
 
and a native of England. He served as a valiant soldier in the Con federacy during the Civil war. Colonel Knox has been identified with the Hilton-Dodge Company since its organization, and also has other interests in Savannah, being the secretary and a manag ing director of the Vale Royal Manufacturing Company. He was formerly the captain of Troop G, Fifth Georgia cavalry, and served on-the staff of Governors Atkinson and Candler, with the rank of lieutenant-colonel, but is now on the retired list, having held office for more than ten years. He is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity, being a past master of Live Oak Lodge, No. 137, of Darien; is the president of the Savannah Mercantile Company, and a member of the Oglethorpe club. On April 21, 1892, he was united in marriage to Miss Eloise M. Bennett, of Albany, Ga., and they have four children, viz: Eloise B., Valencia F., Ellen H. and 
Robert-Hilton, Jr. 
Knoxville, the county seat of Crawford county, on a branch of the great Southern railway system, was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1825. Like the Tennessee city of the same name, Knoxville was so called in honor of Gen. Henry Knox of Revolu tionary fame. It has express and telegraph offices, a court house, valued at $15,000, a money order post office with rural free deliv ery and stores doing a good business. Several denominations have churches in the town and vicinity, and there is a good system of public schools. The population according to the census returns of 1900 was 300. 
Koger, a post-hamlet of Columbia county, is about five miles northwest of Grovetown,: which is the nearest railroad station. 
Kolbs Farm. (See Kennesaw Mountain). 
Krenson, William Day, a prominent 
wholesale hardware merchant of Savan 
nah, was born in that city on Feb. 27, 1857. His father was Frederick Kren 
son, who was born in Magdeburg on the Elbe, in Prussia, April 8, 1812; and his ; mother was Sarah Elizabeth Dean, who 
was born in South Carolina on Nov. 11, 1822, but whose parents were native 
Georgians. His ancestors on his moth 
ers side came to this country from Scot 
land and they took an active part in the 
war of the Revolution. Frederick Kren son came to this country when twenty-two years old and settled 
28 11 
 
 434 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
in Savannah. During the Civil war from 1861 to 1865 he and two of his sons were loyal soldiers on the side of the Confederate States. William D. Krenson received his early education in the schools of Savannah and later took a course of study in Upper Canada College in the city of Toronto, Ontario. In early man hood he entered the mercantile establishment of J. D. Weed & Co., one of the leading wholesale hardware firms in the South. His good judgment, business ability and industry contributed greatly to the success of the business and for many years he has been an active member of the firm. Mr. Krenson has always taken an active interest in the commercial interests and benevolent institu tions of Savannah and he is a member of several prominent organi zations of that city. Among these are the board of directors of the Savannah chamber of commerce, the Oglethorpe club, the Savan nah Yacht club, the Georgia Hussars, the Savannah Volunteer Guards, the Savannah Rifle association and the Savannah Golf club. He is president of the local branch of the national associa tion of credit men, and vice-president of the Georgia federation of commercial bodies. He is: affiliated with Zerubbabel Lodge Free and Accepted Masons, Georgia chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Pal estine Commaiidery Knights Templars, and Alee Temple Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles1 of the Mystic Shrine. For many years he has been a useful member of the Savannah Benevolent associa tion, which has contributed:;so much to those in distress in all parts of the country. In politics Mr. Krenson is a Democrat, and while he takes a commendable interest in the affairs of government, he has never sought or held public office. Both he and his wife are members of the Independent Presbyterian church of Savannah. On Oct. 6, 1881, he was married to Miss Caroline Campbell Macdonald, daughter of Jesse Campbell and Martha (Mortoii) Macdonald, of Rome, Ga. Mr. and Mrs. Krenson have four children, viz: Campbell Macdonald, Elizabeth Frances, Frederick, and Carolyn Morton. In all relations oBlife Mr. Krenson is justly esteemed by all who know him as a man of genial temperament, fine business ability, and inflexible integrity of character. .: 
Kriegshaber, Victor H., jpresident of the Atlanta Terra Cotta Company, representing one: of the prominent industrial enterprises of Georgias capital city, is a business man of marked ability and is held in high regard in the community, while he is also a skilled civil engineer. He was born in the city of Louisville, Ky., March 37, 1859, and is a son of William K. and Regina Kriegshaber, both of whom were born and reared in Germany. The father was one of the patri- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
435 
 
ots who took part in the Prussian revolution of 1848, and when the cause was lost he was compelled to leave his native land. He found a refuge in America and became a successful business man in Louis 
ville, Ky. In that city the subject of this 
sketch received his early educational disci 
pline, after which he went to Germany 
and completed a course in civil engineer 
ing in the polytechnic school at Frankfort 
on the Main, and also in the University of 
Darmstadt. After his return to America 
he took up the active work of his profes 
sion, becoming assistant engineer in the 
: office of the city engineer of Louisville. 
Later he was engaged in the engineering 
department of the Louisville Bridge and 
Iron Company, and then with the Louis ville & Nashville Railroad Company. Still later he became engineer in the department of the maintenance of way of the Cen tral of Georgia Railway Company, with headquarters in Savannah, and afterward took a position as assistant to Morris Belknap, general manager of that system. Upon retiring from that position, in 1890, he removed to Atlanta, where he has since been identified with the manufacture of terra cotta, being now president of the Atlanta Terra Cotta Company, which has a large and well equipped plant for the production of terra cotta for architectural and ornamental purposes, and which also carries on a successful enterprise in the handling of building supplies. Mr. Kriegshaber is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party; is identified with one of the Atlanta synagogues of the Jew ish church; is affiliated with the Order of Bnai Brith and the Masonic fraternity. He is a member of the Atlanta chamber of commerce; is a director of the Atlanta associated charities, and is identified with the Standard club. On May 11, 1886, he was united in marriage to Miss Blanche Lieberman, and they have two chil 
dren : William Victor and Marianna C. Kuhlke, Dessey, L., proprietor of the star grocery, 809 Fifteenth 
street, Augusta, was born in that city, Oct. 5, 1881. He is a son of William B. and Janie (Hood) Kuhlke, the former of whom was born in Bremerhaven, near the city of Bremen, Germany, in 1834, and the latter in Columbia county, S. C., in 1844. While a mere lad the father sailed before the mast making several trips between Hamburg and New York city. At the age of eighteen years he 
 
 436 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
abandoned the seafaring life, remaining for a time in New York city and then coming to Augusta, where he continued to reside until his death, which occurred in 1890. He was a soldier of the Con federacy in the Civil war, prior to which he had entered the employ of the late E. R. Schneider,: with whose business he continued to be connected until his death; his widow still resides in Augusta. The educational advantages: afforded to Dessey L. Kuhlke were those of the public schools and Richmond academy, Augusta, being graduated in the academy at the age of sixteen years. Since leav ing school he has been continuously identified with the grocery trade in his native city, first as salesman in the retail establishment of T. M. Philpot, with whom he remained four years, after which he entered the employ of the wholesale grocery house .of J. E. Ramey & Co. Two years later, in August, 1904, he resigned his position and engaged in the retail grocery business for himself, in his present attractive quarters, where he has a fine business, the same being conducted under the title of the Star Grocery Com pany. He is a Democrat in;his political proclivities, is a member of the Woodlawn Methodist: Episcopal church South, and is affil iated with the Knights of Pythias. On June 2, 1902, Mr. Kuhlke was united in marriage to Miss Agnes E. Gray, daughter of Mince B. and Laura (Baxley) Gray, of Augusta, and they have one daughter, Dessey Gray Kuhlke, born June 16, 1903. 
Ku Klux Klan. For some: years after the final surrender of the Confederate armies in 1865, the government of the Southern States was entrusted to men appointed by the national administration and backed up by the military power. Unfortunately the men thus appointed were too often actuated by motives of self-aggrandize ment and sought to perpetuate their power by enlisting the un qualified support of the recently emancipated negroes. To this end a society of negroes and others was formed under the name of the "Union League," (q. v.):: and, as frequently happens in such cases, some of the more enthusiastic members of this organization soon began to boast of their power and assuming that "Liberty meant license" commenced to commit petty depredations which portended serious disorders. This condition of affairs so far threat ened the peace and good order of the state that the better class of white citizens formed local: associations, each independent of the others, but all having the same object in view. Some of these local societies were the "Kpights of the White Camelia," the "White Brotherhood," the "Pale Faces/ the "Invisible Circle," the "Constitutional Union Guards," and the "Invisible Empire." 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
437 
 
About 1867 all the different bands were merged in the broader scope of the Ku Klux Klan. There is no doubht that the intentions of the members of the original Klan were conservative of the public good. It was organized as a measure of defense. Avery says it was "the perilous effect of which the League was the unhealthy cause." Its weapon was mystery. Knowing the ignorance and superstition of the negroes the Klan sought to awe them into good behaviour by appealing to their dread of the supernatural and with out a resort to physical violence. Clad in white, to represent the ghosts of the Confederate dead, the Ku Klux rode silently through the villages and country at night, usually one behind the other some yards apart, often traversing in a single night a large section inhabited by the negro population. This simple procedure produced a most wholesome effect and averted very serious domestic trouble. But in the course of time there were reckless parties acting inde pendently of the Klan who committed outrages in its name. In 1871 a committee was appointed by Congress to investigate these outrages. At that time Benjamin H. Hill was one of the United States senators from Georgia. In speaking on the question of this investigation he said: "I was disposed when it was proposed, to vote for this resolution; and I am not averse to doing it yet. * * * I surely have no objection, indeed I would prefer, that intelligent gentlemen appointed from! the two houses of Congress should visit Georgia, travel over the state, even if what was predicted by a dis tinguished member of the other house should be the result, namely that they would be treated with such excessive kindness by every body they met that it would tend to dissipate the idea that there were lawless men there. If so, very well. I hope they will be met in that way. They certainly; will be by myself and by my neighbors if they should come in the direction I live. I will welcome them, and I believe the people of that region will; and in a work of mere inquiry to ascertain how much of wrong, how much of lawlessness exists in the state, I am of the opinion decidedly, that a very over whelming majority of the people of Georgia will see no impropriety in it." In this speech Mr.i Hill voiced the sentiments of practically every good citizen of the state. They felt they had nothing to fear from a full and impartial investigation of existing conditions. There are still living men who do not hesitate to acknowledge they were members of .the Ku Klux Klan during the greater part of its career, and who maintain that there was nothing in the purposes of the or ganization of which any; law abiding citizen need to have been ashamed. The results of the Congressional investigation fill twelve 
 
 438 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
large volumes, and if the Klan began to wane in power from that time it was not so much because of the investigation, but because the right of local self government was restored to the people of the Southern States, which gave them the power to check the law lessness of the times without having to resort to the medium of secret societies. 
Kyle, a post-village of Fannin county, is a station on the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern railway, about half-way between Murphy Junction and the Tennessee state line, and forms a trading center for that part of the county. 
 
Lacey, a post-town in the northern part of Mclntosh county, is 
 
not far from the South Newport river. The population in 1900 was 
 
151. The nearest railway station is Jones, ten miles west, on the 
 
Seaboard Air Line. 
 
; 
 
Laconte, a post-village in the western part of Berrien county, 
 
reported a population of 100 in 1900. It is located on the Georgia 
 
Southern & Florida railroad, a few miles north of Sparks, and is 
 
a shipping point for that part of the county. 
 
Lacross, a post-village in Schley county, is on the Columbus & 
 
Americus division of the Central of Georgia railroad, about seven 
 
miles southeast of Ellaville. ^The population in 1900 was 53. 
 
Ladies Memorial Association. Shortly after the close of the 
 
war, in 1865, the kind-hearted: and sympathetic women of Georgia 
 
organized Memorial Associations in all the principal cities, the 
 
purposes being to honor the Confederate dead and to care for and 
 
comfort the widows and orphans of those who fell in battle. In this 
 
noble work they received the support of the general assembly on 
 
several occasions. In 1866 $5,000 was appropriated to the Associa 
 
tion, then under the leadership of Mrs. Charles J. Williams, of 
 
Columbus, and Miss Mary A. iGreen, of Resaca, to gather together 
 
the remains of the soldier dead in one cemetery and properly mark 
 
their graves. A cemetery was established at Marietta and nearly 
 
2,400 bodies were removed from the fields at Chickamauga, New 
 
Hope Church and adjoining battlegrounds. Cemeteries were also 
 
located at Resaca, Atlanta, Jonesboro and Griffin. In August, 
 
1872, the Atlanta association ijreceived an appropriation of $2,500 
 
to remove a number of bodiep to the cemetery there. The asso 
 
ciation at Marietta received $-2,000 for a similar purpose. Other 
 
appropriations were $1,000 to: the association at Jonesboro, $500 
 
to the one at Resaca, $300 to it he one at Cassville, etc. The asso- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
439 
 
ciation at Augusta erected a monument to the memory of the men of Richmond county, who fell in the Confederate cause. It bears the inscription: "In Memoriam. No nation rose so white and fair. None fell so pure of crime." Monuments have also been erected at many other places in the state through the efforts of the organization. 
La Fayette, the county seat of Walker county, named in honor of Marquis de La Fayette, is beautifully situated in a mountainous section. It was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1833, and in 1889 had its charter amended. It is located on a branch of the Southern railway in a section where there are extensive mines of iron and bituminous coal arid quarries of granite, marble and lime stone. It has a court house valued at $10,000, a money order post office with rural routes, several flourishing mercantile establish ments and a cotton factory known as the Union Cotton Mills, with 212 looms and about 7,000 spindles. Good school and church privileges are enjoyed by_ the people. The population of the La Fayette district by the census of 1900 was 2,357, of whom 491 lived in the town. 
During the Civil war there was considerable fighting in the neighborhood of Lafayette. Sharp skirmishing occurred on Sept. 13-14, 1863, in the movements of the conflicting armies preceding the battle of Chickamauga^ Another skirmish took place in De cember, a cavalry fight on:June 24, 1864, and on October 12th of the same year, as Hood was moving northward into Tennessee, with Sherman in pursuit, an engagement was fought here between the Confederate rear guard-and the ; Federal advance. 
La Fayette, Marquis de. In 1824 Congress invited General LaFayette to visit this country as the guest of the nation. The invita tion was accepted and in August the distinguished Frenchman ar rived in New York. In February, 1825, he started to make a tour of the Southern and Western States and on March 19th arrived at Savannah, where two days later he officiated at the laying of the corner-stones of the monuments to General Greene and Count Pulaski, both.of whom had:been his companions in arms during the Revolution. He also visited Augusta and Milledgeville, being en tertained at the latter place by Governor Troup, and where a pub lic dinner was given in honor of the noted guest. 
Laff, a post-village in the western part of Tattnall county, with a population of 53, is a trading center for that part of the county. The nearest railroad station is Johnsonville. 
 
 440 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
La Grange, the county seat and largest town of Troup county, was incorporated as a town in 1828, and as a city in 1856. It is lo cated seventy-one miles southwest of Atlanta at the junction of the Atlanta & West Point and; Macon & Birmingham railways, and on a ridge 850 feet above the level of the sea where it has a natural drainage that insures freedom from malaria and gives the city an excellent reputation for healthfulness. The streets are wide and well shaded with water oaks and elms. La Grange is the seat of two noted colleges for girls the Southern female (Baptist) college and the La Grange female college. Besides its excellent public school system, La Grange has a noted school for boys known as the Park high school. Owing to its superior railroad facilities it is the leading shipping point for a considerable territory. It has ex-press and telegraph offices, a money order post office with rural free delivery, three banks, a court house and a number of pros perous business houses. The city is lighted by electricity and has a first class system of water;works. Among the manufactories are the La Grange and Dixie Mills and the Troup Factory, owned and operated by home people and have an aggregate of 450 looms and 31,600 spindles. They manufacture sheeting, shirting, drills, osnaburgs, duck and a variety of white cotton goods. Other manufac tories are a large cotton oil mill, guano factory, a public gin, a foundry and machine shop, two planing mills and variety work shops, two buggy and wagon factories, a grist mill and a successful creamery and cheese factory. The butter from the La Grange creamery took the Worlds Fair prize at the Paris Exposition of 1900 and won the Biltmore prize at the dairy exposition held the same year in Atlanta. According to the United States census of 1900 the population of La Grange^ was 4,274 and including the entire La Grange district 6,297. 
La Grange Female College. This institution was founded in 1833, Rev. Thomas Stanley :;being the first teacher. In its early years it was an academy of high grade, but on Dec. 17, 1847, it was chartered as a college under the name of the La Grange female institute. Joseph T. Montgomery was the first president of the new school which soon came to be regarded as one of the leading educa tional institutions of its kind in the South. Some years later the property was transferred to jhe Georgia annual conference of the Methodist Episcopal church South, and in 1857 the school began its work under the auspices of ;that body, with Rev. W. G. Connor as president. In March, 186:0 the buildings and apparatus of the institution were destroved by fire. The work of rebuilding- was at 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
441 
 
once undertaken, but before it could be completed the war came 
 
on and hindered the progress of the school for some years. The 
 
curriculum is that adopted by colleges of the Methodist Episcopal 
 
church South, for colleges of its class, and the degree conferred 
 
upon its graduates is that of Bachelor of Arts. The alumnae of the 
 
institution number over five hundred and the annual attendance is 
 
in the neighborhood of two hundred students. Rufus W. Smith, 
 
A. M., is the present president of the college. ;He is assisted in his 
 
work by a corps of competent instructors, who take pride in keep 
 
ing the institution up to its established standard. 
 
Lake Creek, a post-hamlet in the northern part of Polk county, 
 
is on the Rome & Griffin division of the Central of Georgia, and is 
 
known to railroad men as Lake Station. 
 
: 
 
Lakeland, a post-village in the southwestern part of Decatur 
 
county, is not far from the Chattahoochee river. Dell, on the At 
 
lantic Coast Line railway, is the nearest station. 
 
Lake Park, a town in ;the southeastern part of Lowndes county, 
 
was incorporated by act of the legislature on Dec. 29, 1890. It is 
 
on the Georgia Southern & Florida railroad and in 1900 reported a 
 
population of 319. It has a money order postoffice, express and 
 
telegraph offices, commercial and manufacturing interests, and does 
 
considerable shipping. 
 
Lamar, a post-hamlet of Sumter county, is about five miles north 
 
of Leslie, which is the nearest railroad station. A town by this 
 
name in Baker county was incorporated by act of the legislature 
 
on March 4, 1856, but it has disappeared from the map. 
 
Lamar, Henry G., a member of one of Georgias prominent fam 
 
ilies, was born in that state, received a liberal education, studied 
 
law and was admitted to the-bar at Macon. In 1828 and again in 
 
1830 he was elected as a State Rights Whig to represent his dis 
 
trict in the lower house of the national legislature, and after re 
 
tiring from Congress served for several years as judge of the 
 
superior court. 
 
Lamar, Joseph Rucker, son of James S. and Mary (Rucker) 
 
Lamar, was born Oct. 14,; 1857, at Ruckersville, Ga., but has spent 
 
all of his life in Augusta, where he began the practce of law imme 
 
diately after his graduation. He was never a specialist, but had a 
 
most extensive general practice, and has been remarkably successful 
 
both before judges and juries. Except for a slight digression during 
 
1886-89, when he was in the legislature, he has devoted himself 
 
almost exclusively to his profession, and his position at the bar was 
 
such that in 1895 he was appointed by the supreme court one of the 
 
 442 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
commissioners to codify the laws of the state. Afterwards, he was appointed by Governor Terrell associate justice of the supreme court of Georgia, to which position he was elected by the people in 
October, 1904. His opinions are marked by clearness and brevity, but Oliver vs. Oliver; Stone vs. The State; The Lucy Cobb Tax case and Lytle vs. Scottish Company are examples of his more elab orate decisions. He resigned his seat on the bench April 10, 1905, on account of his health, and returned to his home in Augusta, where he resumed the practice of the law, forming a partnership with Judge E. H. Callaway that year. His appointment was the subject of much congratulation and his resignation was received with great regret by the bar and the people. Judge Lamar early in his professional life, was impressed with the fact that Georgia was entitled to the credit for law reform which was claimed by others, and in 1890 read a paper on "Georgias Contribution to Law Reform" which was copied in one of the law journals that previously had given Mr. Field the credit, for being the pioneer in the movement for codification and in the reform of procedure. As president of the Georgia bar association in 1900 he read a paper entitled "A Centurys Progress in Law," which by invitation of the Tennessee bar association was repeated as the annual address before that body the same year. In the following year he delivered the annual address before the Alabama bar association. In "Georgia Law Books" and "Judge Nisbet and The Organization of The Supreme Court," he opened an unexplored field of most interesting and valuable facts connected with the early judicial history of the state. But while a great reader and in tensely fond of books, he is a man of affairs with a large and engrossing practice. He was married in 1879 to Clarinda Pendleton, daughter of William K. and Catherine King Pendleton, and has two sons; Philip Rucker and William Pendleton Lamar. Lamar, Lucius, M. D., a representative physician and surgeon of Dawson, the judicial center of Terrell county, was born on the family homestead, in that county, Nov. 1871, a son of Dr. John T. and Sallie (Lawghon) Lamar, the former of whom was born in Houston county, Ga., and the latter in Lee county, a daughter of Hon. John Lawghon, an extensive planter who represented Lee 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
443 
 
county in the state legislature. Dr. John T. Lamar was an able and prominent physician and surgeon, and was actively engaged in the practice of his profession from 1858 until the time of his death, which occurred in 1900. During the Civil war he served as assis tant surgeon in a Georgia regiment of the Confederate forces. Dr. Lucius Lamar is indebted to the schools of his native county for his early educational privileges and his training as a physician and surgeon has been of the best order, including careful instruction from his honored father, a course in the Atlanta medical college, in which he was graduated in 1892, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, while in the following year he was graduated in the medical department of Tulane University, of New Orleans. He began the active work of his profession in 1893, in Terrell county, and since 1899 has been engaged in practice in Dawson, meeting with much success in his chosen province of effort and standing high in professional ranks. He is a member of the American med ical association and the Georgia state medical society; is identified with the lodge and chapter of the Masonic fraternity; is a Democrat in his political adherence and a member of the Methodist Episcopal church South, having been a steward of the local church during practically the entire period of his residence in Dawson. In 1895 was solemnized the marriage of Doctor Lamar to Miss Mattie Gurr, daughter of Edward Gurr, and they have one son, Lucius, Jr. 
Lamar, Lucius Q. C., jurist and statesman, was born in Putman county, Ga., Sept. 17, 1825, of Huguenot ancestry. He received his early education at Oxford, Miss.; graduated at Emory college in 1845; studied law at Macon; was admitted to the bar in 1847; was then for two years professor of mathematics in the University of Mississippi, and in 1849 began the practice of law at Covington, Ga. In 1853 he was a member of the legislature; removed to Mis sissippi at the close of his term; served in Congress from that state from 1857 to 1861; resigned to become a member of the Mississippi secession convention; entered the Confederate army and became colonel; resigned on account of his health and was sent as a com missioner of the Confederate government to Europe; was elected professor of political economy and social science in the University of Mississippi in 1866; was transferred to the chair of law the fol lowing year; elected to Congress again in 1872 and served two terms; elected to the United States senate in 1877; was appointed secretary of the interior by President Cleveland, but retired from the cabinet on Jan. 16, 1888, to become associate justice of the 
 
 444 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
United States supreme court. This position he held until his death, 
 
which occurred at Vineville, Ga., Jan. 23, 1893. 
 
Lamar, Mirabeau B., soldier and statesman, was born on Aug. 
 
16, 1798, at Louisville, Jefferson county, of Huguenot descent. His 
 
early life was passed on the farm. He received a good education 
 
and began his business career as the publisher of the Columbus 
 
Independent, a paper which was a radical and courageous advocate 
 
of the doctrine of state rights. When the imbroglio arose between 
 
Texas and Mexico he went to Texas and offered his services to the 
 
revolutionary party. On April 21, 1836, he led the charge of the 
 
Texas cavalry at San Jacinto that swept the Mexican forces from 
 
the field and won the battle. He received promotion to a major- 
 
generalship ; was made attorney general of the new republic; later 
 
became vice-president, and in 1838 was elected president. He 
 
served until 1841, after which he sank out of sight until the com 
 
mencement of the Mexican war in 1846, when he joined General 
 
Taylors command at Matamoras. He distinguished himself at 
 
the siege of Monterey and after the war served one term in the 
 
Texas legislature. One of the counties of the "Lone Star" state 
 
bears his name. He died at Richmond, Tex., Dec. 19, 1859. 
 
Lambert, a village of Liberty county, is known in railroad circles 
 
as Walthourville Station. It is located near the center of the 
 
county, on the Atlantic Coast Line railway, and in 1900 reported a 
 
population of 177. It has a money order postofnce, some mercan 
 
tile interests, and is an important shipping point. 
 
,. ,...,...,.. 
 
Lambdin, William Wallace, of Barnes- 
 
ville, Pike county, is one of the leading 
 
members of the bar of that section of 
 
the state, having a large practice in both 
 
:the state and federal courts in Georgia 
 
;and also has been admitted to practice 
 
before the supreme court of the United 
 
States. He is a citizen of public-spirit 
 
:and progressive ideas and is held in high 
 
festeem in the community which repre 
 
sents his home. Mr. Lambdin was born 
 
in Upson county, Ga. Oct. 25, 1861, a 
 
son of Charles E. and Martha (Middle- 
 
brooks) Lambdin, the former born in Alexandria, Va., March 12, 
 
1838 and the latter in Upsbn county, Ga., in 1840. The father died 
 
on March 8, 1888, and his remains rest in the cemetery at Barnes- 
 
ville; the mother died in 1866. William Lambdin, grandfather of 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
445 
 
the subject of this review, was born and reared on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, in which state he passed his entire life. One of the great-grandfathers of Mr. Lambdin was James Bruff, a captain in the Maryland line in the war of the Revolution, and major of a regiment which served in the war of 1812. The paternal ancestors of Mr. Lambdin came to Maryland from England about the middle of the seventeenth century, and his maternal ancestors, also of English origin, first settled in North Carolina, whence they came to Georgia. His father, Charles E. Lambdin, was reared in Balti more, graduated with distinction in 1857 at the Baltimore city college, at that time the leading college of Maryland, and came to Georgia in 1859 for the purpose of teaching school. He was a loyal soldier of the Confederacy in the war between the states. In 1861 he enlisted in the Holloway Grays, a command raised in Upson county, and the same was mustered into the regular service as a part of the Thirty-seventh Georgia infantry, which was assigned to the Western Army, and Mr. Lambdin served in this regiment until the final surrender, taking part in many important engage ments, including the battles of Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, Mis sionary Ridge and Atlanta. William Wallace Lambdin, whose name introduces this sketch, secured his earlier education in Gor don institute, at Barnesville, a celebrated institution founded by his honored father, who was its first president and remained at its head from 1872 until his death in 1888, and who was known as one of the ablest educators of the state, the institute of which he was the head having had great popularity and done most effective work during his regime. After availing himself of the advantages of this excellent preparatory school, Mr. Lambdin was matriculated in the University of Georgia, where he was graduated in 1879, with first honors of his class, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. For several years after leaving the university he was successfully engaged in teaching school, also being identified with agricultural pursuits in the meantime. For four years he was principal of the West End academy in the city of Atlanta. In the midst of his oedagogic work, Mr. Lambdin took up the study of law, and in 1888 was admitted to the bar. He resigned the principalship of the academy mentioned and engaged in the practice of law in Atlanta, where he remained until 1899, as a member of the firm of Hiliyer, Alexander, & Lambdin, one of marked prominence in the capital city. In 1899 Mr. Lambdin returned to his old home in Barnes ville, where he has since been established in successful practice, being retained as counsel for many of the most important corpora- 
 
 446 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
tions and industrial concerns of this circuit, where he has ap peared in much important litigation, also practicing in the supreme court of the United States, as already noted. He has rendered effective service as city .attorney and solicitor of the city court of Barnesville, and is vice-president of the board of trustees of Gor don institute. Soon after returning to Barnesville he drafted a bill for the establishing of a city court in that place, zealously pushed the measure to legislative enactment and secured to Barnesville the distinction of being the first town in the state outside of the county seats to have a city tribunal of this nature. Since that time a number of such courts have been established in Georgia, their systems being modeled after.the one devised by Mr. Lambdin. He is a stanch advocate of the principles of the Democratic party, is affiliated with the Sigma Alpha Epsilon college fraternity and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South. On Dec. 24, 1883, Mr. Lambdin, while teaching in Blackshire, Ga., was united in marriage to Miss Annie M. Smith, daughter of Dr. Henry J. and Sophia (Hall) Smith, of that South Georgia city, and they have seven interesting children, five girls and two boys. 
Lament, a post-village in the western part of Monroe county, is five miles southeast of Goggansville, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Lancaster, a post-hamlet of Marion county, is fifteen miles north of Buena Vista and six. miles southeast of Geneva, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Land Lotteries. Eight distributions of land have been made by this method. First, the lottery of 1805, authorized by the act of May 11, 1803. which distributed the lands acquired by the Fort Wilkinson treaty of 1802. Second, the lottery ordered by the act of June 2(5, 1806, for the disposition of the lands acquired by the treaty of Nov. 14, 1805. . Third, for the distribution of the lands acquired by the treaty at Fort Jackson, Aug. 9, 1814, the lottery being authorized by the act of Dec. 15, 1818. Fourth, the lottery authorized by the act of;Dec. 19, 1819, for the distribution of the lands relinquished by the; Cherokees by the treaty of Feb. 27, 1819. Fifth, to dispose of the :;lands relinquished by the Creeks in the treaty made at Indian Springs, Jan. 8, 1821, the act authorizing the lottery being passed on May 15th following the treaty. The sixth lottery was that ordered by the act of June 9, 1835, for the distribu tion of the lands acquired from the Creek Indians by the treaty of the preceding February. The seventh lottery was for the di- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
447 
 
vision of the Cherokee lands acquired by the treaty of Feb. 27, 1819, comprising all the northwestern part of the state. The gold lands, known to exist in this section, were exempt from the provisions of the act and were not distributed. The eighth lottery was ordered by the act of Dec. 24, 1831, dividing the gold lands into lots of forty acres, the drawing taking place in July, 1833. In these several lot teries every white male citizen over eighteen years of age was en titled to a ticket, unless he had drawn land in a previous lottery, and if he was husband and father he was entitled to two tickets. Certain officers and soldiers received two tickets, and widows and orphans were included in the drawing. (See Indian treaties for 
description of lands). Landrum, a post-village of Dawson county, with a population 
of 54, is near the junction of Dawson, Hall and Lumpkin counties. Gainesville is the most convenient railroad station. 
Lane, Andrew W., senior member of 
the law firm of Lane & Park, of Macon, and ex-member of the state legislature, was born on a plantation in Jasper coun 
ty, Ga., Dec. 28, 1868, and is a son of Maj. Augustus W. and Mary J. (Williams) Lane, the former of whom served during the Indian Creek war. He was a lawyer by profession, but for many years prior to his death devoted his attention to farming enterprises. He represented Jasper county in the state legislature, in the 50s, and was also judge of the inferior court for several years, being a citizen of much influence in his community and one who commanded unqualified confidence and esteem. Andrew W. Lane secured his earlier educational training in the schools of his native county and was associated in the management of the home farm until he had attained the age of seventeen years. In 1890 he was graduated at Mercer university, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and for two years thereafter was principal of the public schools at Blakely, Ga. He took a special course in the law department of the University of Virginia, and was admitted to; the bar, at Monticello, Jasper county, Ga., in September, 1892. He served his novitiate in the practical work of his profession at Jackson, Butts county, where he remained about six months, at the expiration of which, in April, 1893, he located in Macon, where he has since been successfully established in prac- 
 
 448 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
tice, his associate being Orville A. Park. In January, 1896, Mr. Lane was appointed solicitor-general of the Macon circuit, by Gov ernor Atkinson, filling out the unexpired term of William H. Felton, and being the youngest lawyer, in point of practice, ever incumbent of this office in this circuit. In 1898 he was elected to represent Bibb county in the legislature, in which he served one term, prov ing a valuable working member of the lower house. His political faith is that of the Democratic party, in whose ranks he has done efficient service. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. On Oct. 26, 1892, Mr. Lane was united in marriage to Miss Hattie McKibben, daughter of Colonel Martin Van McKibben, a prominent citizen and lawyer of Jackson, Ga., and they have five children, namely: Andrew A., Jr., V. McKibben, Mary Louis Jasper; and Eugenia. Mr. Lane and his wife are members of the First Baptist church of Macon, in which church Mr. Lane has been a deacon for a number of 
years. 
Lane, Remer Young, M. D., holds pre- 
: cedence as one of the able and popular 
physicians and surgeons of Jenkins coun- 
: ty, being engaged in the practice of his ; profession at Millen, the county seat. 
-; He was born on a plantation in Emanuel 
i county, Ga., Oct. 4, 1861, and is a son of 
Dr. Edward W. and Caroline (Lanier) Lane, the former a native of Emanuel jand the latter of Bulloch county. The 
; Lane and Lanier families were early 
founded in North Carolina, whence came i. representatives of each to Georgia in 1783, and settled in the same portion of Emanuel county, a few miles distant from the present city of Millen. Both families have been prominently identified with the history of this section of the state during all the intervening yeaTs. Dr. Edward W. Lane be came one of the distinguished physicians of his native county, where he was engaged in; active practice for forty years and after retiring from practice made his home with his son Remer Y. until his death on April 15, 19Q6. He was for many years prominent in the party councils, and served as a member of the state senate in 1890-91. He was born July 28, 1824, and had thus passed the age of four score years. His wife died in 1890, and is survived by three sons: Dr. John I., who is a representative physician of Brooklet, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA  
 
449 
 
Bulloch county; Dr. Benjamin L., who is engaged in the practice of dentistry at Butts, Jenkins county; and Dr. Remer Y., who is the subject of this review. Dr. Remer Y. Lane completed a course of study in the high school at Swainsboro, Emanuel county, and then entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Baltimore, Md., where he was graduated as a member of the class of 1884, receiving from this famous institution the degree of Doctor of Medicine. He was thereafter engaged in the practice of his profession at Butts, now within the limits of the recently organized county of Jenkins, where he remained until January, 1906, when he removed to Millen. In the winter of 1890-91 Dr. Lane took a post-graduate course in the New York polyclinic. In addition to the exacting work of his profession he has for many years been a producer of naval stores and has also maintained a personal supervision of his extensive plantation interests. He is the owner of 1,500 acres of land in Jenkins county, about one-half of which is under effective cultivation. He is a-member of the Medical Association of Geor gia, is a Royal Arch Mason and is a past master- of the blue lodge of the fraternity. His political allegiance is given to the Democratic party. On May 2, 1895, he was united in marriage to Miss Annie Goette, of Stafford, S. C., and they have three children Edward W., John G. and Caroline. 
Lane, Wilfred C., United States commissioner and deputy clerk of the United States courts at Augusta, and one of the younger members of the bar of Richmond county, was born in Hadley, Hampshire county, Mass., June 23, 1878. He is a son of Rev. John W. and Mary (Haynes) Lane, the former of whom was born in Newmarket, N. H., Sept. 7,1827, and the latter in Townsend, Mass., July 11, 1841, both families having been founded in New England in the colonial era. The father is a clergyman of the* Congrega tional faith, is pastor of the Second Congregational church of Had ley, Mass., a pastoral charge of which he has been the incumbent for the past twenty-eight years, and for the preceding twenty years he was pastor of the First Congregational church at Whately, Mass. Wilfred C. Lane secured his preparatory education in Andover academy and Williston seminary, in his native state, after which he was for two; years a student in Brown university. Soon afterward he came to; Georgia, was graduated in the law depart ment of Mercer university in 1900, and in the following year he was graduated in the;law school of Yale university, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He then engaged in the practice of his profession in Macon, Ga., meeting with gratifying success and 
29-11 
 
 450 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
also being an instructor in the law department of Mercer Uni versity, until Jan. 7, 1905, when Judge Emory Speer, judge of the federal court for the tenth : district of Georgia, appointed him to his present office of United States commissioner and deputy clerk of the courts, at Augusta^ in which city he forthwith took up his residence. Mr. Lane is a member of the Richmond county bar association, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Knights of Pythias and the Phi Delta Theta college fraternity. He clings to the religious faith in which he was reared, being a member of the Congregational church. 
Lang, Smith & Little, physicians and surgeons, conducting a well equipped private sanatorium for the treatment of medical and surgical cases, at Valdosta, Lowndes county, have been associated in this most commendable and valuable enterprise since 1904. All are physicians and surgeons of distinctive ability, and the sana torium, converted into such from a large residence on West Valley street, has the best of hospital facilities and advantages, being equipped with electrical devices, including the x-ray machine, and all other requisite appliances for the treatment of disease by surgi cal, electrical or medicinal means. The institution will accommo date twelve patients simultaneously, and three trained nurses are retained, ably supplementing the work of the able owners of the sanatorium. The members of the firm are Drs. George Lang, James M. Smith and Alexander G. Little. Dr. Lang is a native of Georgia, is a graduate of the Savannah medical college, and has been a resident of Valdosta for more than forty years, command ing the high regard of all: who know him. Dr. Smith, also born and reared in Georgia, was graduated in the Atlanta college of Physicians and Surgeons as a member of the class of 1898. Dr. Little was born in North Carolina, and was graduated in Bellevue hospital medical college, in New York city, as a member of the class of 1898. He came to;: Georgia and took up the practice of his profession in Valdosta in January, 1900. 
Langworthy, Edward, one of Georgias delegates to the Conti nental Congress, was left an orphan at a tender age and was reared and educated at Bethesda,; afterward becoming a teacher. When troubles arose between Great Britain and her colonies in this coun try he published a card in the Georgia Gazette, severely criticising some of the colonies for their attitude toward the Mother country. Later he experienced a change of heart and became one of the most earnest advocates of American independence. He served on the Council of Safety, was elected to the Continental Congress in 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
. 
 
451 
 
1777 and reflected the following year. After the war he wrote a history of Georgia but it was never published. Search was made for the manuscript after his death but it could not be found. 
Lanier, a post-village in the northern part of Bryan county, is a station on the Seaboard Air Line railway, and in 1900 reported a population of 64. It is a trading center for a considerable section of the county, and has some shipping interests. 
Lanier, Sidney, educator, poet, and musician, was born at Macon, Feb. 3, 1842, and graduated at Oglethorpe university in 1860. He served during the war in the Confederate army. When peace was restored he taught and for a time practiced law. His literary career began in 1876. In 1877 he settled in Baltimore, gave popu lar lectures on literary : subjects and in 1879 became professor of literature in the Johns Hopkins university. Among his principal poems are "A Song of Love," "The Revenge of Hamish," "The Song of the Chattahoochee" and "Sunrise." He died at Lynn, N. C. in 1881. He was buried at his request in Macon, and a marble bust has been erected to his memory in that city. 
Lanier, Walter Victor, superintendent of the public schools of Millen, Jenkins county, is recognized as one of the able educators of this part of the state, while he enjoys marked popularity both professionally and as a citizen. He was born on a farm in Brooks county, Ga., July 14, 1865, and is a son of Rev. Thomas W. and Clara S. (Smith) Lanier, the former of whom was born in Screven county, in 1840, and the latter in Greene county, in 1843. They now reside in Guyton, Effingham county, the father being a retired clergyman of the Baptist church. He is a son of Noel W. and Sarah (Tullis) Lanier, both native of Screven county. At the funeral of Noel W. Lanier the officiating clergyman spoke of him as follows: "The deceased lived all 1 his life within a half-mile of his birthplace and did not leave an enemy." The Lanier family was early estab lished in Georgia, and one of its representatives was Sidney Lanier, the celebrated poet and musician. In the maternal line Professor Lanier is a nephew of Dr. Osborn L. Smith, former president of Emory college; of Dr. C. W. Smith, who was professor of mathe matics in Wesleyan feniale college, at Macon, for more than thirty years; and of Dr. Rufiis W. Smith, who is now president of LaGrange female college, at La Grange, Ga. After a due preliminary discipline Professor Lanier entered Mercer university, and later he attended the University of Georgia. At the age of seventeen years he began teaching in the public schools of Screven county, arid for four vears he alternated between the life of a student and 
 
 452 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
that of a teacher^ defraying his collegiate expenses by his earnings 
 
as a teacher. Since leaving the university, in 1886, he has followed 
 
the pedagogic profession almost continuously, in the states of 
 
Georgia and South Carolina. For two years he was superintendent 
 
of the schools of Dublin, Ga.; two years superintendent of the 
 
public schools of Allendale, S. C.; two years superintendent of the 
 
schools of Brunson, S. C.; and in January, 1898, he was installed 
 
superintendent of the public schools of Millen, of which position 
 
he has since remained the incumbent, his long tenure of the office 
 
giving patent evidence of his successful administration and the 
 
appreciative estimate placed upon his services by the community. 
 
His corps of assistants number six teachers, and the schools are 
 
maintained at a high standard. Professor Lanier is a stanch advo 
 
cate of the principles of the Democratic party, and is a member of 
 
the Baptist church, being a deacon in the local church of this de 
 
nomination. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the 
 
Knights of Pythias, in the: latter of which he is past grand repre 
 
sentative in the grand lodge of the state. On Dec. 21, 1887 he 
 
was united in marriage to: Miss Minnie L. OGilvie, who died on 
 
Jan. 31, 1904, leaving three children, Clara Eileen and Charles 
 
Fortson, twins, and George Ellis. On Nov. 24, 1904, he married 
 
Miss Charlotte E. ODaniel, of Norfolk, Va., and they have one 
 
son, Francis William. 
 
; 
 
Lankford, William Chester, of Doug 
 
las, is one of the representative members 
 
of the younger generation of the bar of 
 
Coffee county, being the senior member 
 
of the firm of Lankford & Dickerson. 
 
He was born in Clinch county, Ga., Dec. 
 
7, 1877, and is a son of Jesse and Mary 
 
Ann (Monk) Lankford, both of whom 
 
were born in Clinch county, where the 
 
latter died June 22, 1904, at the age of 
 
fifty-nine years. The father, who was 
 
born in 1844, still resides on his planta- 
 
tibn in that county. He is a son of Wil 
 
liam Lankford, who was a valiant soldier of the Confederacy in the 
 
Civil war. William C. Lankford secured his preliminary education 
 
in the schools of his native county, later continuing his studies in 
 
the Jasper normal institute, ,at Jasper, Fla., and the Georgia normal 
 
college and business institute, at Abbeville, where he was gradu 
 
ated. In 1901 he graduated in the law department of the Univer- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
 453 
 
sity of Georgia, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Lawsand being duly admitted to the bar of his native state. Mr. Lankford gained his higher education through his own efforts. When but fifteen years of age he began teaching in the schools of Clinch county, and he continued to follow the pedagogic profession, be tween the intervals of his own scholastic work, until he had at tained the age of twenty-one years, utilizing his earnings in de fraying the expenses of his collegiate work. He delivered the first final address in the Georgia normal college and business institute, his class having been the first to graduate in that institution, and his class subsequently elected him orator at the first alumni meet ing. In a large law class he was one of the few who made an aver age daily standing above :ninety, having been a close and ambitious student in both his academic and professional work. Immediately after his admission to the bar Mr. Lankford located in Douglas, forming the present partnership, and his firm has gained an excel lent stand-ing and is building up a representative professional busi ness. Mr. Lankford is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party and is an effective exponent of its principles. In December, 1905, he was elected mayor of Douglas, without opposition, the large vote cast indicating the high esteem in which he is held in the community. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church South, has advanced to the degree of Knight Templar in the Masonic fraternity, is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, and the Phi Kappa Society. He served two years as master of his Masonic lodge. 
Latimer, William Alexander, a representative citizen of Augusta, Ga., was born in Abbeville county, S. C., Jan. 16, 1841, was reared on the homestead plantation and received his education in schools near his home, having been prepared to enter an advanced class in college, when the war between the states was inaugurated. His intrinsic loyalty to the Confederacy led him to sacrifice all other personal ambitions to go forth in defense of its cause. He left school and enlisted in the Seventh South Carolina volunteers which was one of the first commands to reach Virginia. He con tinued in service untilthe battles around Atlanta were in progress and in one .of these engagements he received a severe wound. The effects of the injury w-ere such that he was compelled to use crutches for more than three years thereafter. In September, 1867, Mr. Latimer removed to Augusta, where he secured a position as clerk in the office of Pearce and Wheeless, a cotton firm. He continued to be employed as clerk and bookkeeper until 1874, hav- 
 
 454 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ing in the meanwhile by economy and energy, accumulated suffi 
 
cient capital to enable him to enter business on his own account. 
 
In the autumn of 1874 he formed a partnership with William A. 
 
Garrett, under the firm name of Garrett & Latimer, and they built 
 
up a large and successful business as cotton factors, continuing 
 
to be thus associated until 1901, when the partnership was dis 
 
solved by mutual consent. Since that time Mr. Latimer has em 
 
ployed his time in supervising his various interests and those of the 
 
corporations in which he is a director. He has time and again re 
 
fused to accept candidacy for political office, yet he takes a lively 
 
interest in furthering the choice and election of the very best man 
 
to office and in aiding every enterprise tending to conserve the up 
 
building and material prosperity of the city of his adoption. In 
 
1873 he married Miss Eugenia Holmes of Augusta, known for her 
 
gracious presence, charity and sterling Christian character. Hav 
 
ing no children, Mr. Latimer has been a father to his widowed sis 
 
ters and their children. ;He is a Methodist in religion, and has 
 
contributed generously to- that church and its institutions, as well 
 
as to the Young Mens Christian Association and other worthy 
 
institutions and objects looking to the education and elevation of 
 
the younger generation. ; 
 
Launcelot, a post-hamlet in the southeastern part of Iiwin coun 
 
ty, is near the Coffee county line. Marion, on the Atlantic & Bir 
 
mingham railroad, is the nearest station. 
 
Laura, a post-hamlet of Union county, is about eight miles south 
 
east of Blairsville. Culberson, N. C., is the nearest railroad station. 
 
Laurens Banking Company, which con 
 
ducts a prosperous general banking busi 
 
ness at Dublin, Laurens county, was or 
 
ganized in 1898 and is one of the substan 
 
tial financial institutions of that section 
 
of the state, all of the interested prin 
 
cipals being residents of Laurens county 
 
and citizens of worth and prominence, 
 
the bank is capitalized for $25,000 and 
 
had a surplus of $23,000 in 1905. H. H. 
 
Smith, president of the company, and H. 
 
A. Knight, the vice-president, are both 
 
natives of Laurens county. The cashier 
 
s J LOR0 
 
S. J. Lord, was born in Wilkinson coun 
 
ty but has his interests centralized in Laurens county. Of the per 
 
sonnel of the board of directors it may be said that C. W. Brantley 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
455 
 
is engaged in the carriage and buggy .business in Dublin; F. H. 
 
Rowe is a member of the Robinson Hardware Company, of Dub 
 
lin. Dr. A. T. Summerlin has been a resident of Dublin for thirty 
 
years, being one of the leading physicians of the county and a na 
 
tive of Bulloch county; F. J. Garbutt is a member of the firm of 
 
T. W. Garbutt & Co., one of the largest lumber concerns in the 
 
state; H. A. Knight is also a representative merchant, as well as a 
 
farmer, and a native of Laurens county. 
 
Laurens County was laid out in 1807 and portions of it were 
 
added to Pulaski in 1808 and 1809. It was named in honor of 
 
Lieut.-Col. John Laurens, who was killed near Combahee, S. C., 
 
during the Revolutionary war. It lies in the central part of the 
 
state and is bounded on the north by Johnson and Wilkinson, on 
 
the east by Johnson, Emanuel and Montgomery, on the south by 
 
Montgomery and Dodge and on the west by Dodge and Pulaski. 
 
It is well watered by the Oconee and its tributaries. The face of 
 
the country is rolling,and the soil is fertile, producing good crops 
 
of cotton, sweet and Irish potatoes, field and ground peas, sorghum, 
 
sugar-cane and the cereals. Grasses and all the forage crops re 
 
ceive considerable attention and vegetables and fruits of the best 
 
quality are raised. A great amount of lumber is made from the 
 
timber and numerous :distilleries are engaged in manufacturing 
 
turpentine and rosin, which are shipped to Savannah. Dublin is 
 
the county seat, and is a manufacturing center of importance. 
 
Four railroads furnish -transportation facilities to all parts of the 
 
county. The population, according to the census of 1900, was 25,- 
 
908, a gain of 1,270 since 1890, Gen. David Blackshear, a native 
 
of Jones county, N. C., settled in this county in 1790. He was dis 
 
tinguished for bravery in the campaign against the Creek Indians 
 
during the war of 1812. This county was also the home of George 
 
M. Troup, who played so important a part in the history of Geor 
 
gia. 
 
Lavender, a post-village of Floyd. county, is on the Central of 
 
Georgia railway, about: ten miles northwest of Rome. 
 
Lavilla, a post-hamlet of Houston county, is about twelve miles 
 
north of Perry and four miles from Byron, which is the nearest 
 
railroad station. 
 
; 
 
Lavonia, a town in Franklin county, is on a branch of the South 
 
ern railway that connects Elberton and Toccoa, and is a growing 
 
business center and shipping point. It was incorporated by act 
 
of the legislature in 1896. Bryant, its militia district, contained in 
 
1900 a population of 2,093, of whom 699 were in the town. Being 
 
 456 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
located on a ridge leading from the base of the Blue Ridge Moun tains, it has a delightful summer climate. It has telegraph and express offices, a money order postoffice with rural free delivery, two banks, a business portion consisting of stores built for the most part of brick, a cotton oil mill, a large flour mill, a gin com pany, a brick works, large saw mills, two hotels, good schools and churches. 
Lawrenceville, the county seat of Gwinnett county, was incor porated by act of the legislature in 1821 and in 1883 the charter was amended. It is on the Seaboard Air Line railway between Atlanta and Athens, and by a branch of the same system is con nected with Loganville in Walton county, while the Lawrence ville railroad connects it with Suwanee on the Southern railway. It has express and telegraph offices, a money order postoffice with rural free delivery, a court house, two banks, the Lawrenceville Manufacturing Company, the Southern Paper Mill and several suc cessful business houses. The schools belong to the public school system of the state and churches of the leading denominations af ford religious instruction to the people. In the court house square stands a monument with inscriptions on two sides. One reads: "This monument is erected by their friends to the memory of Captain James E. Winn and Sergt. Anthony Bates, Texan Vol unteers of this village, who were taken in honorable combat at Goliad, Texas, and shot by order of the Mexican commander, March 27, 1830." The other inscription reads: "To the memory of Ensign Robert Lacy, Sergeant James C. Martin, and privates William M. Sims, John A. V. Tate, Robert T. Holland, James H. Holland, brothers; Henry W. Peden, James M. Alien, members of the Gwinnett Company of: Mounted Volunteers, under the com mand of Captain H. Garmany, who were slain in battle with a party of Creek Indians, at Shepherds Plantation in Stewart county, June 9th, 1836. Their remains rest beneath this monu ment." According to the United States census of 1900 the popu lation of the town of Lawrenceville was 853 and of the entire Law renceville district 2,535. 
Laws, Codification of. (See Code of Laws). Lawson, a post-village in the northeastern part of Colquitt county, is on Indian creek, riot far from the Little river. The near est railroad station is Lenox, on the Georgia Southern & Florida. Lawson, Thomas G., was : born in Putnam county and was edu cated in the common schools of the state and at Mercer university. He was elected a member of the legislature in 1861, 1863 and 1865; 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
457 
 
was a. member of the constitutional convention in 1877; judge of the superior court of the Ocmulgee circuit from 1878 to 1882; was elected representative in Congress in 1890, and reflected for each of the two following terms. 
Lawton, Alexander Robert, quartermaster-general of the Con federate army during the latter part of the Civil war, was born in Beaufort district, S. C, Nov. 4, 1818. When sixteen years of age he entered the West Point military academy and graduated in 1839. He entered the army as second lieutenant in the First ar tillery, but resigned his commission in 1841 to enter the law school of Harvard university. After completing his course he settled at Savannah and practiced there until 1849. He was elected to the lower house of the legislature in 1855-56 and to the senate in 1859-60. At the breaking out of the war he became colonel of the First Georgia volunteer regiment; was commissioned brigadiergeneral commanding the Georgia military district in 1861; was as signed to command of a brigade of six Georgia regiments; served with distinction in the Army of Northern Virginia from 1862 until appointed quartermaster-general in 1863, and held this position until the close of the war. He was a member of the Georgia legis lature from 1870 to 1875; a member of the constitutional conven tion in 1877; president of the state electoral college in 1876, and chairman of the state delegations to the Democratic national con ventions of 1880 and 1884. President Cleveland nominated him as minister to Russia in 1885, but as his political disabilities had not been removed he urged the withdrawal of the nomination. Con gress hastened to remove the obstruction and he was appointed minister to Austria in April, 1887. He died in Savannah in 1896. 
Lawton, Alexander Rudolf, of Savan nah, is a leading member of the bar of Chatham county and first vice-presi dent of the Central of Georgia Railway 
Company. He was born in Savannah, Aug. 9, 1858, and is a son of Alexander 
Robert and Sarah Hillhouse (Alexan der) Lawton, the former of whom was born in St. Peters parish, Beaufort dis trict, S. C., Nov. 4, 1818, while the latter 
was born in Washington, Wilkes county, Ga., Jan. 21, 1826. Joseph Lawton, great 
grandfather of the subject of this re view, lived first on Edisto island, S. C., later removing to Beaufort 
 
 458 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
district, where he passed the remainder of his life. He was a lieu tenant in the Continental, line during the war of the Revolution. Adam Alexander, maternal great-grandfather of Alexander Ru dolf Lawton, resided at Sunbury, Liberty county, Ga., and served .as surgeon-major in the: Revolution. Alexander Rudolf Lawton was afforded exceptional? educational advantages, both academic and professional. His earlier discipline was secured in the pub lic schools of Savannah^: the Institution Henon Ferte, in Paris, France, and in the Bellevue high school, Bellevue, Va., the last named being a private preparatory school. He then entered the University of Georgia, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1877, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He also took a course in the Eastman business college, in Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and his professional studies were prosecuted in the law departments of the University of Virginia and Harvard uni versity. He was admitted to the bar in Savannah, in June, 1880, and on January 1, of the following year he entered a professional partnership with Henry G. Cunningham, under the firm name of Cunningham & Lawton. : On Feb. 15, 1.882, the firm was ampli fied in its personnel, Gen,; Alexander Robert Lawton entering the same, while the title was changed to Lawton & Cunningham. This firm is now one of the leading law concerns of this section of the state, controlling a very large and important practice. For many years the firm has been geheral counsel for the Central of Georgia Railway Company, and the subject of this review became first vice-president of that corporation on July 1, 1904. In 1881 Mr. Lawton became a private in the Georgia Hussars, of Savannah, constituting a part of the :First regiment of Georgia cavalry, and in the same he rose through the different grades of promotion, corporal, sergeant, first lieutenant and adjutantt ::latfir::tiecoming major and finally colonel of the First regiment of:infantry, Georgia state troops. During the Spanish-American war-he served as col onel of the First Georgia infantry, United Stajies volunteers, from May 14 to Nov. 18, 1898, on which latter date the command: wa;s mustered out of the United States service. .He resigned his office as colonel of the First infantry in November^ 1909. H:e is identi fied with the Military service institution, the Military Order of Foreign Wars, the Georgia; Historical Society, the AMtsrican: his torical association, the American academy of po-Ktical-and social science, the American geographical society and the Southern his torical association. He was reared in the faith of the Presbyterian church but since his marriage has affiliated with the Protestant 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
; 45K 
 
Episcopal church, of which his wife is a communicant. On ApHl 27, 1882, Mr. Lawton was united in marriage to Miss Ella Stanly Beckwith, daughter of Rt. Rev. John W. and Ella (Brockenbrough) Beckwith, her father being bishop of the diocese of Georgia in the Protestant Episcopal church, with residence in the city of Atlanta. Mr. and Mrs. Lawton have two children, Alexander Robert (3d), born Aug. 10, 1884, and John Beckwith, born Oct. 19, 1886. 
Lawtonville, or Lawton Station, is a town in Jenkins county, lo cated on the Augusta & Millen division of the Central of Georgia railway, and in 1900 had a population of 150. It has a money or der postoffice, some mercantile interests, and does considerable shipping. 
Lax, a town in the western part of Coffee county, is the terminus of Ocilla, Pinebloom & Valdosta railroad and in 1900 reported a population of 100. It is a trading and shipping point for that part of the county. 
Lays, a post-village of Cherokee county, is on the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern railroad, about half-way between Canton and the Pickens county line. 
Lead. Galena, or lead ore, is found at a number of places in the Crystalline area, as well as in the Paleozoic formations in the extreme northwestern part of the state. At the Magruder mines, in Lincoln county, it is. found in connection with gold, silver and chalcopyrite. It is also; found in other gold mines in that locality, in the gold near Cartersville, and with silver and copper deposits west of the Cohutta mountains in Murray county. In Wilkes county it is found associated with quartz. Small quantities of it are known to exist in: Habersham, Union, Fannin, Floyd, Hall, Bartow and Catoosa counties. In the last named county a small vein was exposed while excavating a cut for the Western & At lantic railroad. 
Leaf, a post-hamlet in the southeastern part of White county, is about ten miles from Cleveland and the same distance from Demorest, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Leah, a post-hamlet in the northern part of Columbia county, is not far from the Little river. The nearest railroad station is in South Carolina, on the Charleston & Western Carolina road. 
Leary, a town in the southeastern part of Calhoun county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Sept. 15, 1881. It is lo cated on the Central of Georgia railway, about fifteen miles east of Arlington, and in 1900 reported a population of 396 in the town and 1,962 in the entire: militia .district. It has a money order post- 
 
 460 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
office, express and telegraph offices, some good stores, manufac turing establishments, schools, churches, e.tc. 
Leathersville, a post-village: of Lincoln county, with a popula tion of 76, is about seven miles south of Lincolnton. Washington is the most convenient railroad station. 
Leatherwood, a post-hamlet of Stephens county, is about ten miles southwest of Toccoa, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
Le Conte, John, physician and educator, was born in Liberty county, Ga., Dec. 4, 1818, of Huguenot ancestry. His father, Louis Le Conte, was a distinguished naturalist, and from him the son inherited a love for scientific investigation. One of his early teachers was Hon. Alexander :H. Stephens, who prepared him for college, and in 1838 he graduated at the University of Georgia with high honors. In 1841 he received the degree of M. D. from the college of Physicians and Surgeons, of New York, and the fol lowing year began the practice: of medicine in Savannah. In 1846 he was elected to the chair of: physics and chemistry in the state university, where he remained ;until 1855, when he became profes sor of chemistry in the medical college in which he had graduated fourteen years before. He only remained one year in New York, resigning to accept the professorship of physics in the South Caro lina college, at Columbia. During the war he had charge of the Confederate nitre works, with the rank of major. When the Uni versity of California was established in 1868 Dr. Le Conte was made professor of physics in that institution, and in 1876 became its president. He continued with that university until his death, which occurred at Berkeley, Gal., April 29, 1891. Dr. Le Conte was the author of a number of works on medical and scientific sub jects. His most valuable production "A Treatise on General Physics" was destroyed whild in manuscript, by the burning of Columbia in 1865, and he never found time to rewrite it. 
Le Conte, Joseph, scientist and educator, was born in Liberty county, Ga., Feb. 26, 1823, and was a brother of Dr. John Le Conte. (q. v.) He graduated at the University of Georgia in 1841 with the degree of A. B., and four ;iyears later received the degree of M. D. from the college of Physicians and Surgeons of New York. He then practiced medicine for some time in Macon, after which he became a special student under Louis Agassiz, in geology and zoology, in the Lawrence scientific school of Harvard, where he received the degree of B. S. in: 1851. He was then, successively, an assistant of Professor Agassiz in studying the coral formations 
 
 . CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
4:61 
 
alongthe islands of the Florida coast; professor of natural sciences in Oglethorpe university; of geology and natural history in the University of Georgia; of geology and chemistry in the South Caro line college; chemist at the Confederate medical laboratory at Co lumbia, S. C, during the war; and professor of geology and natural history in the University of California. Professor Le Conte trav eled extensively, examining the geological formations of various sections of the country. He was the author of several works on scientific subjects, all of which mark him as a man of profound re search and extraordinary ability. His work on "Evolution and its Relations to Religious Thought," brought him into notice on both hemispheres, stirring up considerable opposition in some places and meeting with a hearty reception in others. It is used in some of the leading universities of the world, notably Harvard in this country and Oxford, England. Professor Le Conte died in 1901. 
Lee County was laid out in 1826 and was named for Richard Henry Lee, of Virgina. * A part was set off to Muscogee and Marion in 1827, and at the same time it was enlarged by the addi tion of a part of Dooly. Parts were given to Randolph in 1828 and to Sumter in 1835. It is situated in the south-western part of the state, and is bounded on the north by Sumter county, on the east by Worth, on the south by Dougherty, and on the west by Terrell. It is drained by the Flint river and its branches and along their banks many factories are located. The lands are ex ceedingly fertile along the streams and produce plentiful crops of sweet and Irish potatoes, field and ground peas, cotton, sugarcane and the cereals. Some of the original yellow pine remains, and poplar, cypress, hickory and white oak line the banks of the streams. The production ;of lumber gives employment to many of the inhabitants of the county. Leesburg is the county seat and the center of the cotton trade. Smithville is in the midst of an ex tensive fruit district and thousands of barrels of pears are shipped from this city every year.: Two lines of the Central of Georgia meet at Smithville, the Albany & Northern crosses the southeast ern corner of the county and a division of the Sea Board Air line runs for a short distance through the southwestern portion. The population in 1900 was 10,344, showing an increase of 1,270 in ten years. 
Leepope, a post-village in the southern part of Crawford county, is the first station of any consequence on the Southern railway north of Fort Valley. The population in 1900 was 47. 
 
 462 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Leesburg, the county seat of Lee county, was incorporated by 
 
act of the legislature in 1872. It is located on the Central of Geor 
 
gia railway between Smithville and Albany; has a court house val 
 
ued at $20,000, a money order postoffice with rural free delivery, 
 
express and telegraph offices, some stores having a prosperous 
 
trade, and the Leesburg Gin; Company, which does a thriving busi 
 
ness. Between 2,000 and 3,000 bales of cotton are handled annu 
 
ally at Leesburg. There are in the corporate limits of the town 
 
413 inhabitants, and in the whole district 1,949 people. The town 
 
has several churches and schools belonging to the public school 
 
system. 
 
Lee's Cross Roads, near Tunnel Hill, was the scene of a skir 
 
mish, on May 2, 1864, between a detachment of Kilpatricks cav 
 
alry and the Confederate forces stationed along the road to 
 
Ringgold, but the engagement was without important results to 
 
either side. 
 
Lee and Gordon's Mills,: located on Chickamauga creek, in 
 
Walker county, was the scene of some skirmishing in the military 
 
operations preceding the battle of Chickamauga. (q. v.) 
 
Leet's Tanyard. On Sept. 12, 1863, Wilders mounted Federal 
 
brigade had a skirmish at Leets tanyard with Col. John R. Harts 
 
Sixth Georgia cavalry and Rtickers legion, in which the Confeder 
 
ates lost about 50 and the Federals 30 men. General Pegram of 
 
the Confederate army, complimented in strong terms the gallantry 
 
of the small force here engaged against the picked brigade of Gen 
 
eral Crittendens corps. On March, 1864, after the retreat of the 
 
Federal forces from their attempt upon Dalton, General Wheeler 
 
with 600 men passed through Nickajack Gap and attempted the 
 
capture of an Indiana cavalry regiment at Leets tanyard, but the 
 
Federals escaped, leaving in Wheelers hands their camp, wagons 
 
and stores and a few prisoners. 
 
Leland, a post-village of Mitchell county, is located on the At 
 
lantic Coast Line railway, about half-way between Camilla and 
 
Pelham. It is a trading center for the neighborhood and does some 
 
shipping. 
 
;! 
 
Leliaton, a town in the southwest part of Coffee county, is at the 
 
junction of the Atlantic Coast Line and the Ocilla, Pinebloom & 
 
Valdosta railways. In 1900 it had a population of 200. It has a 
 
money order postoffice, some: good stores and small factories and 
 
is a shipping point of importance. 
 
Lenas, a post-village in the northern part of Liberty county, is 
 
on a branch of the Cannouchee river. The population in 1900 was 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
463 
 
86. It is the principal trading point in that part of the county. The nearest railroad station is Groveland, on the Seaboard Air Line. 
Lenox, a town in the western part of Berrien county, was in corporated by act of the legislature on Dec. 12, 1901. It is on the Georgia Southern and Florida railroad, about half-way between Tifton and Sparks, and in 1900 had a population of 109. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph service, some mer cantile and manufacturing enterprises and does considerable ship ping. 
Leo, a post-hamlet in the southern part of White county, is about half-way between Cleveland and Alto, the latter being the nearest railroad station. 
Leoron, a post-hamlet of Columbia county, is about five miles east of Appling and eight northwest of Groveton, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Leroy, a post-hamlet _in the southern part of Appling county, is on the Little Satilla river, about eight miles north of Lacy, which is the nearest railway station. 
Leslie, a town in Sumter county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Dec. 22, 1892. It is located on the Seaboard Air Line railway, about twelve miles southeast of Americus, and in 1900 had a population of 213. It has a money order postoffice, ex press and telegraph service, some manufacturing enterprises, mer cantile concerns, etc. ; 
Lester, Rufus Ezekiel, lawyer and statesman, was born in Burke county, Ga., Dec. 12, 1837, and was identified with the affairs of his native state all his life. He graduated at Mercer university as a member of the class of 1857, and two years later was admitted to the bar in Savannah. He had scarcely entered upon his profes sional career when the Civil war broke out and he subordinated all private interests to take up arms in behalf of the Confederate cause. In August, 1861, he enlisted as a lieutenant in the Twentyfifth Georgia volunteer infantry, commanded by Col. C. C. Wilson, and was made adjutant of the regiment. Until the spring of 1863 he was with his command in Georgia, his regiment forming part of Walkers brigade. In the spring of 1863 Walker was ordered to Mississippi and Lieutenant Lester participated in the battle of Jackson. Miss., and" other engagements of the Vicksburg cam paign, rising to the position of brigade adjutant. He distinguished himself by his bravery at Chickamauga, where he was twice wounded, and was recommended for promotion. When the sur- 
 
 464 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
render came he was stationed at Macon, Ga., and after the war was 
 
over he resumed the practice of law at Savannah. During the 
 
reconstruction period he was a prominent figure in opposition to 
 
the policy of the national government. In 1868 he was elected to 
 
the state senate; was reeleeted in 1871, 1877 and 1878, and during 
 
the last two terms was president of the senate. In 1880 he was 
 
the choice of many people for governor of Georgia. From 1883 to 
 
1889 he served with distinction as mayor of Savannah, and his 
 
administrations have passed into history as among the best the 
 
city ever enjoyed. In 1888 he was elected representative in Con 
 
gress from the first district of Georgia, and by successive reelec- 
 
tions he remained a member of that body until his death, which 
 
occurred on June 16, 1906, as the result of an accident that hap 
 
pened on the evening before. Mr. Lester was a strong and able 
 
lawyer and as an orator had few superiors, his eloquence and logic 
 
winning the plaudits of his friends and the respect of his opponents. 
 
While in Congress he was for the greater part of his service a mem 
 
ber of the river and harbors committee. In his political affilia 
 
tions he was an unswerving Democrat and was one of the admitted 
 
leaders of that party in his; native state. He was an active mem 
 
ber of the Masonic fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fel 
 
lows, the Knights of Pythias and the United Confederate Veterans. 
 
On Nov. 9, 1859, Mr. Lester was united in marriage to Miss Laura 
 
Hines, daughter of James |. and Georgia (Bird) Hines of Burke 
 
county. To this union was born one daughter, Laura, who married 
 
Thomas J. Randolph. 
 
: 
 
Leverett, a post-hamlet of Lincoln county, is about seven miles 
 
east of Lincolnton, and not far from the Savannah river. The 
 
nearest railroad station is in South Carolina. 
 
Lewis, Elijah Banks, was born in Dooly county in 1854. When 
 
very young he went with his family to Montezuma and was edu 
 
cated in the schools of Dooly and Macon counties. He was trained 
 
for a business life and engaged for a time in banking and mercan 
 
tile pursuits. Owing to his interest in public affairs he was elected 
 
state senator in 1894; was chosen to represent his district in Con 
 
gress in 1896, and has been reelected at each succeeding election 
 
up to 1904. 
 
: 
 
Lewis, John W., physician and Confederate States senator, was 
 
a native Georgian. He wasja firm friend of Gov. Joseph E. Brown 
 
and loaned him the money to attend the Yale law school. In the 
 
Democratic state convention of 1857 he received a few votes for 
 
the nomination for governor. At that convention Brown was 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
465 
 
nominated, and after his election one of his first acts was to ap point Doctor Lewis superintendent of the Western & Atlantic rail road. In the organization of the Confederate States government Benjamin H. Hill and Robert Toombs were elected senators from Georgia, but Toombs preferred to remain in the field, and Gover nor Brown appointed Lewis to fill the vacancy. He was succeeded in November, 1862, by Herschel V. Johnson. 
Lewiston, a post-village of Wilkinson county, is located on the Central of Georgia railway, not far from the Jones county line. 
Lexington, the county seat of Oglethorpe county, is among the old towns of Georgia, having been first incorporated by act of legislature in 1806. It is the terminus of a branch railroad that connects at Crawford with- the Athens division of the Georgia rail way. It has express and telegraph offices, a money order postoffice with rural free delivery, two banks, a court house valued at $35,000, several good stores, an excellent system of schools and neat church edifices. -In the Lexington district there were 1,960 people in 1900, of whom 635 lived in the town. 
Lexsy, a post-village of Emanuel county, is on the Dover & Brewton division of the Central of Georgia railroad, about seven or eight miles northwest of Stillmore. The population in 1900 
was 75. Liberty, a post-hamlet in the extreme southeast corner of 
Mitchell county, is on Turkey creek, and is some eight miles north east of Meigs, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Liberty Boys. (See:Sons of Liberty). Liberty Club. Early in the Revolution discord arose in Geor gia from the jealousy that existed between the civil and the military departments. This rivalry began with General Mclntosh and But ton Gwinnett, the latter of whom was defeated by John A. Treutlen for governor at the first election under the constitution of 1777, and who was afterward killed by Mclntosh in a duel. In 1779 this jealousyled the members of Congress from Georgia to request General Washington to assign General Mclntosh to duty some where outside his own state, in the hope that his absence would quiet matters there. But the departure of General Mclntosh did not alleviate the dissentions. While the colony was disturbed by these conditions a party known as the Liberty Club was formed at Savannah and branches were established in the different coun ties. Their pretext was that their object was to support the civil authority and to prevent any infringement thereon by the mili tary. In time the organization became so strong as to control pub- 
30-11 
 
 466 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
lie appointments. As an evidence of the real aim of the party it is worthy of note that Governor Treutlen and the six members of the council who voted for the measures of the Liberty Club, with the exception of John Lindsay, afterward took protection under the British government. 
Liberty County was formed from the parishes of St. John, St. Andrew and St. James in 177"?, Its name is derived from the eager ness of its inhabitants to send a delegate to the Continental Con gress before the rest of the province of Georgia had decided to join the other colonies in a fight ifor independence. It is bounded on the north and northeast by Bryan county, on the east by the At lantic ocean and Mclntosh county, on the south by Mclntosh and Wayne, and on the west and northwest by Tattnall. The Altamaha river separates the county from Wayne on the south and numerous other streams cross the surface, making this an exceed ingly well watered county. Many persons are engaged in catch ing fish, crabs and oysters, some of which are marketed at Savan nah. The soil especially on :the uplands, is fertile, the principal crops being corn, rice, Irish :and sweet potatoes, chufas and sea island cotton. The ranges supply good pasturage for ten months of the year. Vegetables of :every variety, peaches, grapes and melons are raised. About h^lf the original forests still remain. They contain yellow pine, oak, palmetto, gum and cypress timber and the output of lumber and naval stores is large, the products being exported through Savannah. Hinesville is the county seat. The county is traversed by the Savannah & Jacksonville division of the Sea Board Air line railway, a branch of the Atlantic Coast Line system, the Darien & Western touches the southern border and the Glennville. & Register runs near the western boundary. The population in 1900 was 13$93, a gain of 206 in ten years. Lib erty county is rich in history. The town of Medway was settled in May, 1752. About a mile and a half from Medway church, Gen eral Screven was killed in a skirmish with the British and Tories in 1778. The county sent a delegate, Dr. Lyman Hall, to the Con tinental Congress before the other parishes decided to do so. He was afterwards one of the Georgia signers of the Declaration of Independence. James Powell,: John Elliott, and James Maxwell were representatives from the county to the convention, which ratified the Federal constitution at Augusta in 1788 and no part of the country suffered more from Indian ravages in the period im mediately following the Revolutionary war. Among the famous men who have lived within her borders, may be mentioned, Rev. 
 
 . CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
467 
 
William McWhir, Rev. Moses Alien, pastor of the Medway church, who was drowned while attempting .to escape from a British prison ship, Benjamin Baker, who attended General Oglethorpe on his St. Augustine campaign, and who later played an important part in the Revolution, Robert Sallette, William and Daniel Baker, and Gen. Daniel Stewart. 
Liberty Pole. The first liberty pole in Georgia was erected on June 4, 1775, the anniversay of King George III, who was born on June 4, 1738. It stood in; front of Tondees tavern in Savannah, and became a rallying point for the friends of independence. After it was raised two toasts Were given one to "The King" and the other to "American Liberty." On the 22nd of the same month, upon the occasion of the appointment of the Council of Safety, the union flag was hoisted upon the pole and thirteen patriotic toasts were drunk, one to each of the thirteen colonies, and each was fol lowed by a salute from two pieces of artillery and martial music. 
Libraries. Probably the best known and most important li brary in the State of Georgia is that of the Historical Society, at Savannah, which contains several thousand volumes of well se lected books and a large number of valuable manuscripts. The state library, in the capitbl at Atlanta, is largely devoted to the legal literatue of the state. However, in addition to statutes, di gests, court reports, etc., it contains a large collection of books, maps and pamphlets relating to Georgia history. The leading edu cational institutions are all supplied with good working libraries. That of the state university at Athens numbers over 30,000 vol umes, exclusive of the libraries maintained by the different de partment schools, especially the agricultural college at Dahlonega and the school of technology at Atlanta. The Emory college li brary contains about 30,000 volumes; that of Mercer university 12,000, and Shorter college 5,000. Other- institutions possessing good libraries are the Wesleyan female college at Macon, the Ag nes Scott institute at Decatur, the Lucy Cobb institute at Athens, the Brenau college at Gainesville, Monroe college at Forsyth, and the boys and girls high schools at Atlanta. Carnegie libraries have been established at Albany, Atlanta, Cordele, Dublin and Newnan, and the works in these libraries are for the free use of the people of the cities in which they are located. Macon has a public library and the Price free library!; womens clubs conduct libraries at Covington and Lagrange; young mens associations at Augusta and Rome; a library association at Brunswick; at Washington is the Mary Willis library; and public libraries are maintained at Car- 
 
 468 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
roiiton, Columbus, Elberton, Madison and Thomasville. Within 
 
recent years more attention .has been paid to the subject of free 
 
libraries than ever before,: and the next decade will in all probabil 
 
ity see a marked increase in the number of towns reporting cir 
 
culating libraries. 
 
; 
 
Liclog, a post-hamlet of Gilmer county, is near the base of 
 
Amicalola mountain, and about ten miles southeast of Ellijay, 
 
which is the most convenient railroad station. 
 
Lifsey, a post-hamlet in the southern part of Pike county, is 
 
about half-way between Meal and Meansville, which are the most 
 
convenient railroad stations. The population in 1900 was 50. 
 
Lilburn, a village of Gwirinett county, is on the Seaboard Air 
 
Line railway, about ten miles west of Lawrenceville. It has a 
 
money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and tele 
 
graph offices, some mercantile interests, and in 1900 reported a 
 
population of 43. 
 
; 
 
Lilly, a post-hamlet of Dooly county, is on the Atlantic & Bir 
 
mingham railroad, about six miles northwest of Vienna. 
 
Lilly Pond, a post-town; of Gordon county, is on the Western & 
 
Atlantic railway, six miles south of Calhoun. The population in 
 
1900 was 100. It is the principal trading and shipping point for 
 
that section of the county! 
 
Limerick, a town in the eastern part of Liberty county, is on 
 
the Seaboard Air Line railway, not far from the Mt. Hope fork 
 
of the Medway river. It has a money order postoffice, an express 
 
office, and is the principal trading center and shipping point for 
 
that portion of the county. 
 
Limitations. Under the statutes of limitations suits must be 
 
brought on open accounts/within four years:; on promissory notes 
 
and bills within six years; on instruments under seal within 
 
twenty years, and for personal injury within two years.. Adverse 
 
possession of real estate for seven years, under color of title, or 
 
for twenty years without color of title, will bar claims, of all per 
 
sons not laboring under legal disability. Minors have seven years 
 
in which to assert their rights after attaining their majority. 
 
Linchburg, a post-hamlet of Putnam county, is on the Central 
 
of Georgia railroad, about six or seven miles west of Eatonton. 
 
Lincoln, Benjamin, Revolutionary general, who for a time com 
 
manded the American forces in Georgia, was a native of Massa 
 
chusetts, having been born at Hingham, Jan. 24, 1733. When he 
 
was twenty-two years of age he was appointed adjutant in a regi 
 
ment of militia commanded by his father, and later rose to the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
469 
 
rank of lieutenant-colonel. In 1775 he. was a member of the Pro vincial Congress; was appointed brigadier-general the following year, and was soon afterward made major-general of militia. From October, 1775, until late in the year 1778 he was with the army in the north, taking part in a number of engagements and always showing the highest qualities of generalship. In August, 1778, he was appointed to the command of the southern department and reached Charleston in .December. Several months were spent in reorganizing and . recruiting the army and in the spring of 1779 he began active operations. In connection with Count dEstaing he attempted to drive the British from Savannah, but the attempt was unsuccessful. It has been claimed for Lincoln that if his sug gestions had been heeded and his orders obeyed in this engage ment the Americans would have been victorious. In May, 1780, he was compelled to surrender the city of Charleston to the over whelming British force under Sir Henry Clinton, was captured and paroled until the following November, when he was exchanged. After that he was in command of a division of Washingtons army until the close of the war. He was made secretary of war in 1781; commanded the forces that put down Shays rebellion in 1786; was appointed collector of the port at Boston by President Washing ton; and was a member of the Massachusetts convention to ratify the Federal constitution. He was the author of several essays and pamphlets on the Indian question and kindred subjects; was a member of the Massachusetts Historical Society, -and of the Amer ican Academy of Arts and Sciences. He died on May 9, 1810. 
Lincoln County was: formed from part of Wilkes in 1796 and named for Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, of Massachusetts, who, for a time, commanded the American forces in the South during the Revolutionary war. It lies in the eastern part of the state, and is bounded on the north by Elbert county, from which it is separated by the Broad river, on the northeast and east by the State of South Carolina, on the south by Columbia and McDuffie counties, and on the west by Wilkes. The Savannah river flows along the north eastern border and the Little river forms the southern boundary. The surface of the country is rolling and in many places has been much worn by the streams. Along the water-courses the soil is productive and a system of scientific farming has lately been in troduced, which is restoring the worn out lands to something like their original fertility. The proximity of the city of Augusta makes truck farming profitable in the southern part and quantities of fruits, berries, vegetables and melons are raised in that region. 
 
 470 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Cotton, corn, sweet and Irish potatoes, field and ground peas, sor 
 
ghum, sugar-cane and the icereals are the principal productions. 
 
There are many acres of forest land in the county, the timber con 
 
sisting of hickory, poplar, maple, dogwood and pine. Numerous 
 
sawmills are busy converting this timber into lumber for building 
 
and manufacturing purposes. The county contains some minerals 
 
and there is one gold mine that is quite noted. Lincolnton is the 
 
county seat. There is no ; railroad in the county, consequently 
 
there are no large towns, Lisbon, Amity and Goshen being the 
 
most important. The population in 1900 was 7,156, a gain of 1,016 
 
in ten years. Lincoln county was the home of Col. John Dooly 
 
and his son Judge John M. ;Dooly. 
 
Lincolnton, the county seat of Lincoln county, was incorporated 
 
by act of the legislature in 1817. This little town is without rail 
 
road connection and has had but little chance to grow. It has a 
 
money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, and several good 
 
stores. The population according to the United States census of 
 
1900, was 221. Methodists; Baptists and Presbyterians are the 
 
leading Christian sects and the schools belong to the public school 
 
system. 
 
: 
 
Lindale, a city of Floyd county, is situated a few miles south of 
 
Rome in the Silver creek valley. The population in 1900 was 3,500. 
 
It is provided with a money iprder postoffice, express and telegraph 
 
offices, and has fine shipping:;facilities through the Central of Geor 
 
gia and Southern railways. -One of the largest cotton mills in the 
 
South is located here. It is known as the Massachusetts mills, has 
 
about 100,000 spindles, nearliy 4,000 looms and consumes over 40,- 
 
000 bales of cotton annually.:; 
 
Lindsey, John W., commissioner of 
 
pensions for the state of Georgia, an able 
 
member of the bar of the state, and an 
 
honored veteran of the Confederate serv 
 
ice:; in the Civil war, is specially well en 
 
titled to the office in which he is now 
 
serving with so much discrimination and 
 
appreciative zeal. He was born in Wil- 
 
kinson county, Ga., Aug. 1, 1843, a son 
 
of ;Isaac and Martha (Moore) Lindsey, 
 
his: father having been a successful 
 
planter. The colonel has made Wilkih- 
 
son county his home throughout his en 
 
tire life, save for his period of residence in the state capital in 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
471 
 
charge of his official duties. He was afforded, the advantages" of the schools of his native county and was stilt prosecuting his stu dies at the time when the Civil war was precipitated upon the divided nation. His loyalty to the southern cause was of no in definite order, as was made manifest by his prompt and early en listment in Company I, Third Georgia volunteer infantry, with which he served until the close of the war, having taken part in the many sanguinary engagements in which his command was: in volved. He was several times wounded, receiving his most serious injury at the battle of Spottsylvania, and proved himeslf a gallant, faithful and loyal soldier. The more gracious memories and asso ciations of his military career are perpetuated through his mem bership in the United Confederate Veterans, and his official position brings him into the closest touch and sympathy witfr the Georgia veterans who so nobly represented their state in the ranks of the Confederate armies. At the close of the war Colonel Lindsey returned home to face- the deplorable conditions that confronted all the south, devastated and broken by the ravages of the great internecine conflict. He studied law, was admitted to the bar of his native county and took up his residence in Irwinton, where he gained success and prestige as one of the leading representatives of his profession in that: section of the state, controlling a large and lucrative practice in Wilkinson and adjoining counties. In 1884 he was elected to represent his county in the state legislature, his services in the connection meeting with such approval that he was elected as his own successor at the expiration of his first term. Thereafter he gave his undivided attention to his professional work until his appointment to the office of state commissioner of pen sions, by Governor Candler, in 1899. He has since been retained in this important office, :in which he has made a splendid reputa tion as a painstaking and efficient public officer. In politics he is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party and has shown an ac tive and loyal interest in its cause. In 1869 Colonel Lindsey was united in marriage to Miss Julia Tucker, of Washington county, and they have, five children, only two of whom are now living. Their son, Capt. Julian R., of the United States army, was gradu ated at West Point, after which he served several years as an in structor in the academy, and later was in active service in China and the Philippine islands. He is now stationed at Fort Ethan Alien, with the Fifteenth United States cavalry. The daughter, Miss Annie, is a skilled: stenographer and is her fathers assistant in his official work. ; 
 
 472 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
I/indsey, a post-hamlet in the northern part of Washington 
 
county, is about five miles northwest of Warthen, which is the 
 
nearest railroad station. 
 
Link, a post-hamlet in the ^northwestern part of Stewart county, 
 
is about seven miles west of Louvale, which is the nearest rail 
 
road station. 
 
; 
 
Linton, a town in the southern part of Hancock county, was orig 
 
inally called Buffalo, but the name was changed by act of the legis 
 
lature on Dec. 13, 1858. It is about fifteen miles east of Milledge- 
 
ville, and twelve miles south of Sparta. The population in 1900 
 
was 176. 
 
Linwood, a post-village of Bartow county, is on the Western & 
 
Atlantic railroad a few miles north of Kingston, and is known also 
 
by the name of Halls Station. A town of the same name in 
 
Walker county was incorporated by act of the legislature on Dec. 
 
18, 1901. 
 
: 
 
Lipscomb, Andrew Agate, clergyman, author and educator, was 
 
born at Georgetown, D. C, Sept. 16, 1816. He was educated at 
 
the Georgetown military academy, and a classical school in Wash 
 
ington, and at the age of eighteen years entered the Methodist 
 
ministry, soon becoming widely known as the "Boy Preacher." 
 
After several years in the ministry he turned his attention to school 
 
work; founded the Metropolitan institute for young ladies at Mont 
 
gomery, Ala., but the buildings were destroyed by fire; became 
 
president of the female college at Tuskegee, Ala., but resigned on 
 
account of failing health, and was preparing to go abroad when he 
 
was offered and accepted the: chancellorship of the University of 
 
Georgia. This position he ably filled for fourteen years, the in 
 
stitution making great progress under his management. He next 
 
became the professor of art and criticism in Vanderbilt university, 
 
where he remained until his:health again gave way, and he re 
 
turned to his home in Athens, Ga. He wrote much for religious 
 
publications and magazines, and was considered one of the best 
 
Shakesperian critics in the country. He died Nov. 23, 1890. 
 
Lisbon. The original name;:of this place was the "Town of Lin 
 
coln." It is located in the;:extreme northern part of Lincoln 
 
county at the mouth of Broad river, and was founded during the 
 
colonial period. On the opposite side of Broad river the town of 
 
Petersburg was established some time later and as it grew Lisbon 
 
waned. But the weak town outlived the strong one. Petersburg 
 
has long since disappeared, while Lisbon is still a post village. In 
 
1900 the population was 47. The nearest railway station is Mount 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
473 
 
Carmel, S. C., on the line of the Charleston & Western Carolina 
 
road. 
 
Lithia Springs, a town in the northeastern part of Douglas 
 
county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Dec. 20, 1893. 
 
It is on the division of the Southern railway that runs from At 
 
lanta to Birmingham, Ala., and in 1900 had a population of 330. 
 
It takes its name from the salt or lithia springs there and is a 
 
popular health resort. From the money order postoffice there are 
 
several free delivery routes to the rural districts, the town has ex 
 
press and telegraph service, some good mercantile establishments, 
 
hotels, etc. 
 
The town was formerly called "Salt Springs," and under this 
 
name it appears in the records of the Civil war as being the scene 
 
of a skirmish on Oct. 1, 1864, between Hoods rear column and the 
 
Federal advance, but the engagement was without important re 
 
sults to either side. 
 
Lithonia, a town in the southeastern part of Dekalb county, lo 
 
cated on the Georgia railroad, was incorporated by act of the legis 
 
lature in 1856. In the town and vicinity are great quantities of 
 
gneiss, and the stone quarries are a great source of revenue to the 
 
companies operating them. Lithonia has express and telegraph 
 
offices, a money order postoffice with rural free delivery, a bank, 
 
mercantile establishments having a good trade, good school and 
 
church privileges, and in 1900 reported a population of 1,308, that 
 
of the entire militia district being 2,548. At the beginning of 
 
Stonemans raid, July 28, :1864, there was skirmishing at this point 
 
in the effort to delay the Federal advance. 
 
.,,,... 
 
Little, James C., has been identified 
 
;with mercantile interests in Louisville, 
 
Jefferson county, for nearly two score 
 
years, being now president of the im 
 
portant mercantile concern conducted 
 
under the corporate title of the Little & 
 
: Clark Company. He is one of the rep 
 
resentative citizens and influential busi- 
 
;ness men of Jefferson county, and the 
 
: record of his career bears evidence of his 
 
; valiant service as a soldier of the Con- 
 
: federacy in the Civil war. He was born 
 
: on his fathers plantation, in this county, 
 
Feb. 7, 1846, and is a son of Robert P. and Elizabeth (Cain) Lit 
 
tle, the former of whom! was born in Burke county, Ga., Dec. 8, 
 
 474 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
1816, and the latter in Jefferson county, Jan. 4, 1823. Robert P. Little was a prosperous.and influential planter of Jefferson county, which he represented in the state legislature two terms. His death occurred on Dec. 16, 1878. His widow long survived him, her death occurring Nov. 7, 1900. James C. Little attended school in his native county, both before and after the Civil war. On Aug. 4, 1863, at the age of seventeen years, he tendered his aid in up holding the cause of the Confederacy, enlisting as a private in Company F, Eighth Georgia cavalry, which was assigned to Deerings brigade, in the division commanded by Gen. William Henry Lee. He was in active service with his regiment in Virginia un til the close of the war, having taken part in a number of spirited engagements, and left the ranks, at Greensboro, N. C., April 26, 1865. In 1866 he became :a clerk in a mercantile establishment in Louisville, where he has ever since maintained his home. Since 1869 he has been independently engaged in the general mercantile trade, and for twenty-five years he has been associated with Sam uel M. Clark in this line of enterprise. The Little & Clark Com pany was incorporated in February, 1904, Mr. Little becoming president and Mr. Clark vice-president, and the concern is widely known as the largest mercantile house in Jefferson county, its busi ness being very extensively disseminated throughout this section and conducted according to the strictest principles of equity, so that its popularity is of the most unequivocal order. Mr. Little is also president of the Louisville & Wadley Railroad Company, vice-president of the Louisville Manufacturing Company, and is possessed of extensive plantation interests in Jefferson county. He is a man of distinctive business acumen and initiative ability, as is evidenced in the character ;and scope of. the enterprises with which he is identified, and he is one of the popular and valued ; citizens of his native county. He is :: a Democrat in his political proclivities and is an elder in the Presbyterian church. In May, 1872, Mr. Lit tle was united in marriage: to Miss Mary Virginia Fleming, of Co lumbus, Ga. She died in: 1886, survived by the following chil dren: William F., of Louisville; Eunice, wife of J. R::: Williams; Edith, wife of Frederick J. Atkinson; and Emma, still at the pa ternal home. In November, 1888, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Little to Miss Nellie Patterson, of Louisville, and; they have four children Augustus P., Malcolm E., Robert P. a<l^Martha B. 
Little, William, secretary to Governor Reynolds, had formerly been a surgeon in the British navy. He has been described as ambitious and unscrupulous, dictating alike to the governor and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
473 
 
the people. Notwithstanding this he managed to retain the con fidence of the governor, who refused to remove him when peti tioned to do so by the council. Little, as clerk of the assembly, clerk of the general court, agent and commissioner for the Indians, justice of the peace, and some other offices, acquired almost un limited power, which he used to his own personal advantage. When Governor Ellis arrived at Savannah, Feb. 16, 1757, Little was burnt in effigy by the people whom he had outraged. 
Little, William, ex-member of the state senate and known as the most ex tensive landed proprietor of Jefferson county, has been long and prominently identified with plantation interests and has done a very large real-estate busi ness, in which he still continues, main taining his home and business headquar ters in Louisville, in which thriving vil lage he also conducts a large horse and mule market. Mr. Little has been resi dent of Jefferson county from the time of his nativity, his birth having oc curred on the home plantation of his parents, May 19, 1851. He is a son of Hon. Robert P. and Elizabeth (Cain) Little, concern ing whom more specific:mention is made in this publication in the sketch of their elder son, James C. Little. William Little grew to maturity under the -sturdy and invigorating influences which ever compass life on the farm and completed his educational train ing in Louisville academy. He has continued to be intimately identified with the planting industry from his youth to the present day and is now the largest tax-payer on farming lands in Jefferson county. He has been distinctively a man of affairs, his enterprise and intiative ability having led him into wide fields of business and his interests being large, varied and important. He has perhaps been a larger operator:;as a dealer in real estate than any other citizen of Jefferson county. Through his efforts much has been done to forward the general prosperity and to bring the agricul tural industry in this section to its present. high status. He has had unbounded confidence in the lasting value of Georgia soil, and he has shown the courage of his convictions along this line by buying up lands when offered at a low price, holding and improv ing the properties, finally selling at an advanced and fully justi fied figure. He is to-day the largest owner of farm lands in his 
 
 476 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
native county, having three large plantations, with an aggregate 
 
area of 4,596 acres. On his lands he has produced as high as 400 
 
bales of cotton in one year and his annual real-estate transactions 
 
have averaged more than 10,000 acres bought and sold. Much of 
 
his land, which he purchased a ntimber of years ago for three dol 
 
lars an acre, is now worth from fifteen to twenty-five dollars an 
 
acre. Properties of this sort which he has held for several years 
 
would not produce one bale of cotton to ten acres when he se 
 
cured possession, but he has brought the productiveness of the 
 
same tracts up to an average of one bale of cotton for each acre, 
 
having brought scientific methods into requisition in fertilizing 
 
and reviving the soil. In 1896 he retired from the active work of 
 
his plantations, which ;he has placed in charge of capable over 
 
seers, and he has since maintained his home in Louisville while 
 
supervising his various real-estate and capitalistic interests and 
 
conducting a large and successful market for mules and horses. 
 
In politics Mr. Little has never swerved from his appreciative al 
 
legiance to the Democratic party. He represented his county in 
 
the lower house of the state legislature one term and his district in 
 
the state senate one term of four years, proving a discriminating 
 
and faithful legislator and doing all in his power to further the best 
 
interests of the state at l&rge, but especially those of his own county 
 
and district. He is an elder in the Presbyterian church, in which 
 
Mrs. Little also is a zealous and devoted worker, and they are 
 
prominent in the social life of the community, their circle of friends 
 
being circumscribed only by that of their acquaintanceship. On 
 
Nov. 19, 1875, Mr. Little was united in marriage to Miss Rosa 
 
Rosier, who died Jan. 5, 1877, leaving no children. On Oct. 9, 
 
1878, was solemnized his marriage to Miss Elizabeth B. Dixon, 
 
and they have five children, viz.: Julia D., wife of Hon. Charles N. 
 
Ramsey, a member of the state legislature at the present time; 
 
Mary D., the wife of J. M. Clark; and Robert W., Elizabeth, and 
 
Roger Dixon, at the parental home. 
 
Little Ogeechee Riveri This stream rises near the center of Ef- 
 
fingham county and flows southeast, through that county and 
 
Chatham, until it empties into Ossabaw sound. Along this river 
 
there was almost constant skirmishing during the early days of 
 
December, 1864, as the Federal army was advancing upon Savan 
 
nah. 
 
;i 
 
Liverpool, a post-hamlet of Forsyth county, is about six miles 
 
southwest of Gumming and not far from the Cherokee county line. 
 
Suwanee is the most convenient railroad station. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
4.7:7 
 
Livingston, Leonidas Felix, was born in Newton county in 1832, of Scotch-Irish parentage. He attended the common schools and on arriving at maturity engaged in farming. He was a private in the Confederate army from August, 1861, to May, 1865; served in both branches of the state legislature; was vice-president of the state agricultural society for eleven years; president of the same association for four years; was elected representative in Congress as a Democrat in 1890, and reflected to the same position at each election up to 1904. 
Lizella, a village of Bibb county, is on the Seaboard Air Line railway, not far from the Crawford county line. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, an express office, some mercantile interests, and does considerable shipping. The popu lation in 1900 was 64. 
Local Option. (See Temperance Laws). Lochrane, Osborne A., was one of the 
most genial and magnetic of men, as well as one of the most learned and ac complished of legal scholars, and it may be gravely doubted if his superior as an advocate before the jury has ever ap peared in this state. Such was his happy faculty for weaving poetic senti ment and Irish humor into the fabric of his arguments that he easily made his hearers captive to the mesmeric charm of his eloquence. But he was equally at home in any public arena which brought his wonderful oratory and rare powers of mind into full play, and some of his ^occasional speeches and addresses have been preserved as models of exquisite English. Judge Lochrane exem plified his Irish lineage in his impassioned appeals as well as in his racy anecdotes and lightning like displays of repartee, and the combination of qualities which he possessed made him the idol of his fellow citizens. Had he chosen the arena of public life for the exercise of his brilliant gifts there is no telling to what heights of distinction he might: have reached. He preferred the congenial labors of the law to the most tempting seductions which the forum of politics could offer him and he remained in the professional harness throughout his entire career. Judge Lochrane was born in County Armagh, Ireland, Aug. 22, 1829, the son of Dr. Edward Lochrane, an eminent physician, from whom he derived many of 
 
 478 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
his distinguishing mental traits. Equipped with the best educa tional outfit which the university life of his native country could give him, the ambitious young Irish lad, feeling that his oppressed birthland offered him no prospects commensurate with his crav ings for usefulness and distinction, came over to America at the age of eighteen and finally, after many buffetings and adventures, located in Athens, Ga., where he became a clerk in a drug store. This kind of work was not in the least suited to the tastes of the future jurist, nor was it at all in accord with the rosy anticipa tions which filled his mind when he sailed from the shores of Ire land, but it was the best he could do under the circumstances and it enabled him to keep body and soul together until he could find better employment. While still engaged at his post behind the counter, he managed to make the acquaintance of the best people of the cultured town and to improve his opportunities for showing the outside world what was really in him. Many of the college students became strongly attached to the young drug clerk and as an evidence of the esteem in which he was held on the campus he was elected an honorary member of the Phi Kappa society. Every moment which he ;could spare from his ;work was devoted to his mental culture and many were the compositions both .in prose and verse which h^ produced in the solitude of his: room, when the inspiration to write seized him. Being chosen on one occasion as an anniversary temperance orator he acquitted him self with such marked success in this initial effort that he was en couraged to take up the study of law. After duly equipping him self at odd intervals he was admitted to the bar at Watkinsville, Ga., at the spring term of the court of 1850. Chief-Justice Joseph Henry Lumpkin was one of the number of entranced listeners who enjoyed Judge Lochranes temperance speech and he strongly urged the young orator t0 turn his attention to the law, assuring him that success awaited ijhim in this direction. How completely his prediction was verined;imay be noticed from the fact that Judge Lochrane was eventually elevated to the same high judicial bench on which the chief justice then sat. Judge Lochranes first achieve ment as an orator before; the temperance society in Athens was soon followed by another as orator of St. Patricks Day in Savan nah, and with the prestige! gained from this second success, he lo cated in Macon, Ga., for the practice of his profession, and soon became distinguished as one of the foremost young lawyers of the state. At the beginning of the war Judge Lochrane was elevated to the superior court bench and was given the first appointment 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
479 
 
made under the Confederate government On the bench he devel oped marked judicial powers, showing an equipoise of mind and an acumen for penetrating to the marrow of every issue in dispute, wholly unsuspected by those who had witnessed his triumphs as an advocate, and in this capacity also was shown his uncompromis ing courage and his robust strength of character, traits which were always manifest in his dealings with men, but never more strik ingly apparent than when he assumed the ermine to sit in judg ment upon his fellows. Shortly after the war he resigned his judicial office and took an active part in reorganizing civil govern ment. Though an ardent friend of the South, he took the course which was the least popular at the time, but which seemed to him the wisest in the end, and by making use of his influence at Wash ington he succeeded in softening many of the hardships of recon struction. When the state capital was located in Atlanta Judge Lochrane transferred his place of residence to that city and was shortly afterward made judge of the Atlanta circuit, but soon re signed the place and accepted an appointment from Governor Bul lock to the bench of the supreme court. Though his career as associate justice in this august tribunal was comparatively short, it was conspicuously able and some of the clearest decisions handed down during this period came from his scholarly pen. Chief Justice Logan E. Bleckley is quoted as saying that he never knew a mind in which fancy and logic were more happily yoked together than in the mind of this brilliantly gifted jurist. On re tiring from the bench Judge Lochrane resumed the active prac tice of his profession in Atlanta, and until the time of his death was constantly engaged in the courts, devoting himself exclu sively to civil business and figuring in many important cases. The following extract from :his commencement address which he de livered at the University of Georgia in 1879, and which evoked the warmest encomiums; from such, competent authorities as Alex ander H. Stephens and Robert Toombs, is an example of his style of oratory: "The most unhappy men on this continent are those who have sacrificed most to fill conspicuous positions. The heart burnings and envies of public life are too often the results of am bition. What a sorrowful lesson of the instability of human grandeur and ambition may be found at the feet of the weeping Empress of Chiselhurst. Just as the star of the prince imperial was rising to the zenith, like a flash from Heaven, it falls to the ground; just as he was! gathering round him the hopes of empire the assegai of the savage hurls him to the dust. Born on the steps 
 
 480 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
of a throne, amid the blazing of bonfires and congratulations of kings, he fell in the jungles of an African wilderness without a friend to close his eyes;; born to rule over thirty millions of peo ple, he was deserted by all and went into the chill of death with out the pressure of a ; friendly hand. Although royalty carried flowers to deck his bier, land princes were his pall bearers, and maishalls knelt by his coffin, and cabinet ministers bowed their heads, and his empress mother clung over him in an agony of grief, alas, the glory of his life had passed, and out of the mass of sorrowing friends, his spirit floated away, leaving to earth but a crimson memory. Lifes teachings admonish us that the pathway of am bition has many thorns, and the purest happiness oftenest springs from the efforts of those who sow for the harvesting of peace and joy at home. And this lies at your feet in your own state, although she has suffered by desolation, although millions of her property has been swept into ruin and thousands of her bravest been huiried .to their graves; although Georgia has been weakened and bled at every pore; although she has been impoverished and dis mantled ; although she has been ridden through and trampled over by armies; although she; has seen in folded sleep her most gallam sons, and spirit arms reach to her from the mound of battle fields, she still has the softest skies and the most genial climate, and the richest lands and the most inviting hopes to give to her children. And this is not the hour to forget her. The Roman who bought the land Hannibals tent: was spread upon when his legions were encamped before the very gates of Rome, exhibited the spirit of confidence and pride of country which distinguishes the great pa triot. Although disaster stared him in the face, and the bravest hearts were trembling at the future destiny of their country and from the Pincian hill, the enemy, like clouds could be seen piled around, charged with the! thunder of death and desolation, and the earth was reeling with the roll and tramp of armies, his heart was untouched with fear of her future. He knew that Rome would survive the tempest of the hour, and her future would be radiant with the splendid triumphs of an august prosperity, and confident of that future whose daw;n he felt would soon redden the east, he never dreamed of abandoning her fortunes or abandoning her des tiny. This was more than patriotism. It was the heroism of glory. It was sowing a rich heritage of example on the banks of the Tiber for the emulation of the world. One of the mistakes men make is their leaning on too sanguine expectations without labor, waiting for the honors to pursue them, scarcely reaching out 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
481 
 
their hands to gather the fortunes that cluster at their feet. Well did one of the old poets of Salamanca express the thought: 
If man come not to gather The roses where they stand, 
They fade away among the foliage They cannot seek his hand. 
And if you do not come to the honors of life they cannot go to you; if you dont come to gather the roses they will fade upon their "stems and their leaves be scattered to the ground. The rose of fortune Georgia holds out to you is rich with hope and senti ment, and in its folded leaves are more honors for her sons than there is in the rose of England, the lily of France or the nettle leaf of Holstein. Then come together in close and solemn resolve to stand by her destiny and soon the tide will run rich and riotous through the jewelled arches of hope, flushed with her prosperity; soon will come into. her borders newer and stronger elements of wealth; manufactories will spring from her bosom and the hum of industry resound throughout her borders; the glorious names of her present statesmen will take the places of those who have gone up higher into glory, and will soon behold her banner wav ing to the sky. Come spirit of our Empire State, come from your rivers that seek the sea, from the waves that wash your shores and run up to kiss your sands, come from the air that floats over your mountain tops ; come : from 
Lakes where the pearls lie hid And caves wnere the gems are sleeping; 
come, spirit of glorious ancestry, from beyond the cedars and the stars; come from the:history that wraps you in its robes of light, and let me invoke the memories that hang around you like the mantle of Elijah and iwill be the ascension robes of your new des tiny. Touch the chords in these young hearts, these proud repre sentatives of your future fame, that they may rise in the majesty of .their love and clasp you with a stronger and holier faith, and raise monuments to your glory higher than the towers of Baalbee. Let them warm to the fires of an intenser love, and brighten with the light of a more splendid glory; let them swear around the altar to be still fonder and still prouder that they were Georgians. As an adopted son who has felt the sunshine of your skies, who has been honored with your citizenship and with positions far beyond his merits, I bow to the majesty of your glory, here in 
31--11 
 
 482 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the temple of your fame, and to your spirit I would breathe out the fondest affection and pour prayers upon your pathway; I would clothe you with light, and bathe you in a rain of summer meteors; I would crown your head with laurels, and place the palm of victroy in your hands; I would lift every shadow from your heart and make rejoicing go through your valleys like asong. Land of my adoption, where the: loved sleep folded in the embraces of your flowers, would that today it were my destiny to increase the flood tide of your glory, as it will be mine to share your fortunes; for when my few more years tremble to their close I would sleep beneath your soil, where the drip of April tears might fall upon my grave and the sunshine of your skies would warm Southern flowers to blossom upon my breast." 
Judge Lochrane was twice married. His first wife was Miss Victoria Lamar, daughter of Henry G. Lamar, of Macon, Ga., and though several children were born to them none of them reached maturity. His second wife: was Miss Josephine Freeman, daugh ter of Maj. James Freeman, and seven children were the result of their union, of whom four survive. Judge Lochrane died at his home in Atlanta, June 1:7, 1887, in the fifty-seventh year of his age, and the following editorial, which appeared in the Constitu tion the morning after his :death, shows the sense of loss which was felt in the community: over the untimely taking off of the great jurist: "Judge Lochrane gave a national reputation to the Georgia bar. As chief-justice of the supreme court, his decisions were marked by profound erudition and commanding mastery of the subjects involved, and in style they were singularly lucid and instructive. All yesterday Judge Lochranes death was the talk of every hour. It was not confined to mansion or justice seat, but it was talked of in busy worshop, in the rooms where the spindle and looms never cease, for everyone knew the genial, lovable, com panionable gentleman. All had words of kindness for the dead, sorrow for those bereaved; and the many who had in their trou ble and tribulation felt the soft hand of the kind judge went out yesterday to his late homeland stood for a moment silently by his coffin. When you can weep over a man, said an old citizen, you can put it down that a: good man has fallen. Many a man shed tears yesterday when he read of Judge Lochranes death; and so it is all over. Forty years have swung by since the young Irishman landed at New York and looked out on a new world where he had but few acquaintances and tonight the great man full of honors and wealth lies with eyes closed and hands folded, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
483 
 
dead. Forty years of rich and full life, forty years of stragglings 
 
and loving and winning and losing, of work that furrowed the 
 
brow, of pleasures that lightened the heart, of strenuous endeavor, 
 
of princely bonne homie; forty years of the fever called living, and 
 
at last, rest. Forty years of such joyous and brimming life as it 
 
is given few men to live. All that remains of the forty years of 
 
conflict and pleasure, all worth counting in this night through 
 
which the morning breaks, is that he found in them the peace 
 
that passeth understanding, and the faith that can make pleasant 
 
even the valley and the shadow of death." 
 
Lockhart, a post-hamlet of Lincoln county, is on Little river, 
 
a few miles from its mouth. The nearest railroad station is on the 
 
Charleston & Western Carolina, on the opposite side of the Savan 
 
nah river. 
 
Lockharts Place, Skirmish, 1779. (See Buck Head Creek). 
 
Loco, a post-hamlet of Lincoln county, is about six miles south 
 
of Lincolnton. Washington is the most convenient railroad sta 
 
tion. 
 
: 
 
Locust Grove, an incorporated town in the southeastern part of 
 
Henry county, is located; on the main line of the Southern railway, 
 
about eight miles from McDonough. It has a money order post- 
 
office, from which several free delivery routes supply mail to the 
 
surrounding country, express and telegraph offices, a number of 
 
good mercantile concerns, and is an important shipping point. The 
 
population in 1900 was 354. 
 
; 
 
Loftin, a post-hamlet in the northwest corner of Heard :county, 
 
is not far from the state line. Clem, on the Central of Georgia rail 
 
road, fifteen miles to the: northeast,, is the nearest station. 
 
Logan, a post-hamlet in the northeastern part of Catoosa county, 
 
is about equally distant from Ringgold and Cohutta, which are the 
 
nearest railroad stations. 
 
Loganville, a town in the western part of Walton county, is the 
 
terminus of a short branch railroad to Lawrenceville, and was in 
 
corporated by act of the legislature in 1887. It has express and 
 
telegraph office, a money order postoffice with rural free delivery, 
 
a bank, several stores, and the school and church privileges are 
 
good. The town had 431 inhabitants in 1900. 
 
Lollie, a post-hamlet of Laurens county, is about ten miles south 
 
east of Dublin and two miles from Minter, the latter being the near 
 
est railroad station. ; 
 
Lone Oak, a town in the northwestern part of Meriwether coun 
 
ty, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Nov. 15, 1901. 
 
 484 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
The population the preceding year was 111. Hogansville is the nearest railroad station. 
Long, Crawford W., one of Georgias eminent physicians, was born at Danielsville, Madison county, Nov. 1, 1815. In 1835 he graduated at the University of Georgia (then known as Frank lin college) and four years later.received the degree of M. D. in the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. He began practice at Jefferson, but subsequently removed to Athens. Although other physicians have claimed the discovery of anaesthet ics, that honor unquestionably belongs to Dr. Long, who used ether to deaden pain while performing a surgical operation in the spring of 1842. Dr. Long died: at the bedside of one of his patients in Athens on June 16, 1878. During his professional career of al most forty years he was recognized as one of the most progressive physicians in the state, and the medical, society of Athens adopted resolutions after his death setting forth their belief in the claim of Dr. Long to be the discoverer pf. ether as an anaesthetic. 
Longcane, a post-hamlet of Troup county, is on the Atlanta & West Point railroad, about eight miles southwest of Lagrange. 
Longino, John T., M. D., a success ful physician and surgeon of Fairburn, Campbell county, where he also con 
ducts: a well equipped drug store, was born;on the homestead plantation, near his present residence town, July 20, 1869. 
He is a son of George F. and Fannie E. (Wilson) Longino, both of whom were likewise born and reared in Campbell county and now reside in Fairburn, the father having retired from active busi 
ness. :| He was a valiant soldier of the Confederacy during the Civil war, hav ing served as a member of the Thirtieth Georgia volunteer infantry, and being held a prisoner of war at Camp Chase, Ohio, during the last year of the war. Doctor Longino completed the curriculum of the common schools, including;a course in the high school at Pal metto, and then entered upon the work of preparing himself for his chosen profession, being matriculated finally in the Southern medi cal college at Atlanta, and graduated in the same as a member of the class of 1893, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. In the same year he entered upon the active practice of his profession in Fairburn, where he has built up a large and representative pa- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
485 
 
tronage, and also conducts a drug store.. He is known as one 
 
of the loyal and public-spirited citizens of the town; is a stanch ad 
 
herent of the Democratic party; served four years as mayor of 
 
Fairburn, and in 1904 was elected to represent his county in the 
 
state legislature, of which body he is a member at the time of this 
 
writing. He is a member of the Georgia medical association; the 
 
Independent Order of Odd Fellows; is identified with the lodge, 
 
chapter and commandery of the Masonic fraternity, as well as the 
 
Ancient Arabic Order of the Mystic Shrine; arid is a member of the 
 
Methodist Episcopal church South. Dr. Longirib is a bachelor.: 
 
Longstreet, also called Coley Station, a village in Pulaski county 
 
is on the Southern railway,;about four miles northwest of Cochran. 
 
It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, and in 1900 
 
reported a population of 79. 
 
Longstreet, Augustus Baldwin, lawyer, author and educator, was 
 
born at Augusta, Sept. 22, 1790. In 1813 he graduated at Yale 
 
college, studied law at Litchfield, Conn., and was admitted to the 
 
bar in 1815. He began practice at Greensboro; was elected to the 
 
legislature-in 1821, and the following year was elected circuit judge. 
 
After a short period on the bench he resumed the practice of law, 
 
locating in Augusta, where; he established the Sentinel. This paper 
 
was consolidated with the Chronicle in 1838 and Judge Long- 
 
street gave up the law to .enter the ministry of the Methodist Epis 
 
copal church. Upon the retirement of Ignatius Few from the pres 
 
idency of Emory college Judge Longstreet succeeded him and re 
 
mained president of the institution until 1848. He was a brilliant 
 
and versatile writer, his productions embracing religious, legal and 
 
humorous subjects. His stories delineating Georgia life and char 
 
acter have been the delight of three generations. He died at Ox 
 
ford, Miss., Sept. 9, 1870. I 
 
. 
 
- 
 
Lookout Mountain is an elevation in the northwestern part of 
 
Georgia, extending almost; to the city of Chattanooga, Tenn., and 
 
became a prominent point iin the military operations of the Federal 
 
and Confederate armies in the fall of 1863. After the occupation 
 
of Chattanooga, on September 8th, the Confederates took a position 
 
near the southern base of this mountain, on the Georgia side, where 
 
some sharp skirmishing occurred on the following day as Rose- 
 
crans was pushing forward his advance under the impression that 
 
Bragg was retreating in the direction of Dalton. 
 
 486 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
liooney, George C., principal of the Sunny South institute, a private school of high grade, located at 97 Washington street, Atlanta, Ga., was born in Carnesville, Franklin county, Ga., Feb. 6, 1836. His father, Judge Noah Looney, was a son of Robert and Betsey (Quinn) Looney, and a nephew of John Looney, both Robert and John having been sol diers of the Revolution, belonging to the patriot band of Col. Ben Cleveland, whose successful destruction of Fergusons command of British and Tories at Kings Mountain had an important effect in determining the con clusion of the war in the south. Professor Looneys mother, Fran ces Cleveland (McNeil) Looney, was the granddaughter of Rev. John Cleveland, a clergyman of the Baptist church and a brother of Col. Ben Cleveland, whose monument was unveiled in Greenville, S. C., Oct. 7, 1880, at the-centennial celebration of the important and heroic battle above mentioned. A peculiar family characteris tic of both the Looneys atid Clevelands was the fitness and tact for teaching which they developed early in Georgia and South Car olina. Abednego Frankliri, son of Mary Cleveland, who was a sister of Col. Ben Cleveland and a cousin of Frances Cleveland Looney, was the founder of Franklin college at Athens, now the University of Georgia. In; the records of the Cleveland family it is also stated that it was in the early settlement of Georgia that a teacher by the name of Looney established one of the first schools taught on Georgia soil. It is quite natural, therefore, that the three sons of an intermarriage between the Looney and Cleveland families, Morgan H., George Cleveland and Martin V., should have become prominent teachers from their earliest manhood. The lives of many of the most successful men of the south, in all the learned professions and of iithe various southern states, attest the superiority of the training received from these educators. George C., the subject of this sketch, was in charge of a very excellent school at Palmetto, Ga., with many young men in attendance, when the war between the north?and south was precipitated. Early in 1862 his "boys" and other young men of the vicinity organized a cavalry company and elected him their captain. They at once went into camp at what was then called Big Shanty, reported to Governor Brown, who instructed the company to remain there and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
487 
 
drill for service until he should make a call for cavalry volunteers. They had not long to wait until Col. W. F. Lawton, of Albany, Ga., was authorized to raise a cavalry regiment, the Second Georgia cavalry, into which Captain Looneys company was taken, as Com pany I. But a short time elapsed till they were a part of Forrests brigade, with the Third and Fourth Georgia and Eighth and Tenth Texas cavalry regiments. Before the close of the war Cap tain Looney had become the commander of the regiment, and Capt. Sim Zellars, a most gallant young soldier, had command of the famous invincible old Company I. Upon Johnstons surrender Colonel Looney received paroles for himself and regiment, at Salis bury, N. C, and at once resumed his status as a quiet citizen of Georgia. After a happy month with parents, brothers and; sisters at home, he exchanged his military titles for the old, familiar^.muchabused but honorable: appellation of "professor," and opened a school at Fayetteville, Ga., which had been rendered famous before the war by his brothers and himself and which was known as Fayetteville seminary.: From this institution, both before and after the war, went forth many prominent men and women into prosperous and successful high life, and from it he acquired 1 mostly the reputation as an educator that clings to him to-day. He has been thrice married, -first, to Miss Maggie Tomlinson, a cousin of Samuel Taliaferro and of Judge Adam S. Poole, of Fulton coun ty, and they became the parents of one child, Sarah Frances, who is now teaching in a very fine school near Atlanta. His second mar riage was to Miss Evelyn Camp, granddaughter of John and Sarah (Jennings) Camp and: a niece of Narcissa Jennings Bryant, all of Virginia. Of the several children of this union only one is living, Mrs. Eva Cleveland : Thorton, who is a successful teacher in Atlanta. His present wife, Mrs. Minnie Looney, whose fine ability as a teacher and disciplinarian, renders teaching a pleasure to her husband, her school and herself, was a widow at the time of her marriage to Professor Looney, having at the time two little daugh ters, Lois and Eunice :Ellis. Mrs. Looney is the daughter of J. W. and N. M. (Bishop) Zbuffee, who are highly respected and popular residents of Campbell county, residing near Fairburn. Professor Looney still retains unimpaired his activity, vivacity and enthusi asm in the school room and puts, perhaps more than ever, his whole soul into his work that of encouraging, lecturing to, leading and educating young menxand women for useful and happy lives. 
Lorane, a village in the northwestern part of Bibb county, is on the Central of Georgia railroad, has a money order postoffice, with 
 
 488 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
.rural free delivery, some mercantile interests, and is a shipping 
point for that section. 
Lost Mountain, (see Kennesaw Mountain). Lothair, a village in the northern part of Montgomery county, reported a population of 160 in 1900, It is a short distance south of the Macon, Dublin & Savannah railroad, upon whicb there is a station of the same name. It has a money order postoffice and is 
a trading center for that portion, of the county. 
Lott, Warren, who has been judge of 
the court of ordinary of Ware county 
for more than twenty years and who is 
one of the influential and honored citi 
zens of Way cross, has passed his entire 
life: in this county, where he has been 
prominent in business and civic affairs 
for: many years. He was born Oct. 20, 
1833, a son of Dr. Daniel and Susan 
(Mobley) Lott, the former born in Ware 
county, March 9, 1838, and the latter in 
Appling county, June 3, 1829. Dr. Dan 
iel :;Lott was educated in the schools of his native county and finally:; took up the study of dentistry under an able preceptor, becoming :a skilled workman in this profession, to which he devoted his attention for a number of years at Waresboro, where he remained until November 1871, when he retired from practice and removed to what is now the thriving little city of Waycross. His was the first family to locate here and he laid out the town, owning the greater portion of the land on which the same was platted. Here he engaged in the real-estate business, also owned several saw mills;which he put into operation and then sold the plants. He died in Waycross June 24, 1880, his widow sur viving until July 16, 1892. In 1852 he was elected to represent his county in the state legislature, served one year and was then elected to the state senate, of which he was a member one term. After the Civil war he servedi:a short time as ordinary of the coun ty. He was a man of sterling character, prominent and influential in local affairs. At the inception of the war he went forth as a loyal soldier of the Confederacy, as a private in the Fourth Georgia cav alry. Shortly after his enlistment, however, he was elected judge of the inferior court, and through assuming the duties of this office he was exempt from military; service. It was largely through his efforts that the county seat of Ware county was transferred from 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
489 
 
Waresboro to Waycross, to which latter town, of which he was the virtual founder, he donated the first court-house, and otherwise gave evidence of his liberality and public spirit. In his family were six children, namely: Mrs. S. J. Lightsey now resides in Keysville, Fla.; John A. resides in Waycross; Warren is the subject of this sketch; Mrs. J. S. Sharp also resides in Waycross; Walter T. died at the age of forty years; and Joel resides in Waycross. Judge Warren Lott secured his early education in the schools of Ware county and for a short time attended an academy at Valdosta, Lowndes county. In 1873, in partnership with his brother John A., he engaged in the general merchandise business in Waycross, retiring from this enterprise one year later. Upon the in corporation of the village, in 1873, he was elected its first clerk and treasurer, and he also served three terms as clerk of the supe rior court of the county, having been first elected in 1877. In 18823 he represented the county in the state legislature, having been elected on the local prohibition issue. He introduced and carried to enactment the bill prohibiting the sale of intoxicating liquors in Ware county. In 1885 he was elected judge of the court of ordinary, and he has since remained incumbent of this office giving a most admirable administration. By virtue of this office he is also chairman of the board of county commissioners. He is a stalwart in the camp of the Democratic party, has attained trie grade of Knight Templar in the Masonic fraternity and is a charter member and past chancellor of the local lodge of Knights of Pythias. He is vice-president of the-Bank of Waycross; is a member of the furniture and undertaking firm of Lott, Fain & Co.; also of Lott & Peabody, general fire insurance; a director of the South Atlantic Car Company, and a member of the city board of education. He and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church, of which he is a ruling elder. On June 29, 1881, Judge Lott was united in marriage to Miss Hattie J. Williams, daughter of Dr. Benjamin F. and Sarah F. (Hicks) Williams, of Waycross. Her father was long engaged in the practice of medicine in Ware county and died in 1892, at the age of seventy-two years. His widow still maintains her home in Waycross.:: Judge and Mrs. Lott became the parents of seven children, of whom five are living: Warren, Jr., is a cadet in the United States military academy, at West Point; Mabel died at the age of four years; Edith is attending college, and Clyde is attending school in Waycross; Benjamin Williams died at the age of three years; and Arthur and John Henry remain at the par ental home and are attending the local schools. 
 
 490 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Loudberg, a post-hamlet in the southern part of Wilkes county, is about five miles east of-.Ficklin, which is the nearest railroad sta 
tion. 
Loudermilk, Doctor W., who is now 
living practically retired in Adairsville, 
:Bartow county, was for many years ac 
tively identified with agricultural pur- 
;:, : suits, after which he engaged in the 
H; hardware business in Adairsville, con- 
:-< tinuing identified with this line of enter- 
;.V- prise until 1900. He is a citizen of ster- 
; ling character and served four terms as 
may r * Adairsville. Mr. Loudermilk 
was born in Blairsville, Union county, 
Ga., Dec. 19, 1833, was named for a phy 
sician, signs his name "D. W." and is familiarly known as "Doc." He is a son of George Washington and Mary (Knox) Loudermilk, the former of whom was born in Virginia, in 1753, and the latter in Knoxville, Tenn., in 1812. The father was a valiant soldier of the Continental ranks in the war of the Revolution, havinglbeen a private under General Washing ton. His grandfather also,: served in Washingtons army. At this juncture it may be said most consistently that the subject of this sketch well upheld the military prestige of the family name, render ing loyal service in the cause of the Confederacy in the war be tween the states. On March 1, 1862, he enlisted as a private in Company D, Thirty-sixth Georgia infantry, and continued in ser vice until the close of the war, having been mustered out in March, 1865, shortly before the final surrender. In 1863 he was promoted second lieutenant of his company. He took part in a number of im portant engagements, among which may be mentioned Cumberland Gap and the battles of Vicksburg. He was captured May 16, 1863, at Bakers creek, and was sent to Johnstons island, in Lake Erie, where he was held a prisoner until Feb. 10, 1865, when he was released. He then joined a division of the Confederate forces in Atlanta, and was thus in Continuous service from the time of en listment, though held in captivity for more than a year. Mr. Loud ermilk was reared to manhood in his native county, in whose schools he received his early educational training. After the war he engaged in agricultural;! pursuits, in which he continued until 1891, and he still owns vjiluable plantation property, in Bartow county. In the year 1886 he located in Adairsville, where he en- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
:: $9J ; 
 
gaged in the retail hardware and implement business, meeting with success and continuing actively concerned in the enterprise until 1900, when he disposed of his interests, having since lived retired, enjoying the fruits of former toils and endeavors. He is a stalwart supporter of the cause of the Democratic party; in 1891 was elected mayor of Adairsville, giving a most acceptable administration and being three times elected as his own successor. He was thus in service at the head of the municipal government for foui successive terms and was again tendered the nomination, but declined the same. He was also for some time a member of the city council. He and his wife are members of the Primitive Baptist church and he is affiliated with the United Confederate Veterans. On Nov. 30, 1859, Mr. Loudermilk was united in mar riage to Miss Roxie Loveless, daughter of Jesse and Elizabeth (Nicks) Loveless, of Bartow county, and she died without issue. On Sept. 28, 1869, he wedded Miss Mary Ann Loveless, a cousin of his first wife. They ;have no children. 
Loudsville, a post-village of White county, is about seven miles northwest of Cleveland and not far from Rock mountain. Clarkesville is the nearest railroad station. The population in 1900 was 100. 
Louise, a post-hamlet in the eastern part of Troup county, is on the Atlanta & West Point railroad, about ten miles from Lagrange. 
Louisville, the county seat of Jefferson county, was chartered by act of the legislature in 1786. It is the terminus of the Louis ville & Wadley railroad, which connects it with the Central of Georgia railway at Wadley. It has express and telegraph offices, a money order post-office with rural free delivery, a court house valued at $10,000, two banks, some good business houses, and among its other industries, the Louisville Manufacturing Company, which makes fertilizers: and cotton seed oil and meal. The schools belong to the public school system and several denominations are represented by churches. Artesian wells furnish the people with good healthful water. ; Louisville was the capital of Georgia from 1795 until 1804, and the court house is built of the material which formerly composed the state house. According to the census of 1900 there was in the ; Louisville district a population of 1,574, of whom 1,009 lived in the town. 
A slight skirmish occurred here on the last day of November, 1864. Some Federal foraging parties were driven into camp by a small force of Wheelers cavalry. Colonel Langley was sent out with four regiments and after the exchange of a few shots the Con- 
 
 492 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
federates slowly retired. The casualties were trifling on either 
 
side. 
 
.. 
 
; 
 
Louvale, an incorporated town in the northern part of Stewart 
 
county, reported a population; of -53 in 1900. It is on the Seaboard 
 
Air Line railway, has a money order postoffice, an express office, 
 
some mercantile interests, and does considerable shipping. 
 
Love. Peter E., was born near Dublin in 1818. After graduating 
 
at Franklin college, he studied medicine in Philadelphia, then read 
 
law and was admitted to practice at Thomasville in 1839. He was 
 
made solicitor-general of the southern circuit in 1843; state senator 
 
in 1849; elected judge in 1853, and in 1858 was elected represen 
 
tative in Congress as a Democrat, but retired with the other Geor 
 
gia Congressmen in January,; 1861, when the ordinance of seces 
 
sion was passed. . 
 
;- 
 
Lovejoys Station, a town in: the Southern, part of Clayton county, 
 
is on the main line of the Cetitral of Georgia railroad and in 1900 
 
reported a population of 250. It has a money order postoffice 
 
which supplies mail to the surrouding rural districts by free deliv 
 
ery routes, express and telegraph offices, mercantile establishments, 
 
schools belonging to the public school system, good church ad 
 
vantages and does considerable shipping. 
 
On Tune 29, 1864, General McCook, with a force of Federal cav 
 
alry, struck Lovejoys Station, :;where he captured some 300 Confed 
 
erate prisoners. He then tore up a portion of the railroad track 
 
and destroyed some rolling st6ck. While engaged in this work he 
 
was vigorously attacked by Rqss brigade of Wheelers cavalry and 
 
driven off with a loss of 20 in killed and wounded and 50 captured. 
 
(See McCooks raid). In August following General Kilpatrick 
 
made a raid through this section of the state and on the 20th was 
 
defeated at Lovejoys by a small detachment of infantry and W. 
 
H. Jacksons cavalry. During the night of Sept. 1, 1864, Hardee, 
 
who covered the Confederate; rear in the evacuation of Atlanta, 
 
fell back to Lovejoys Station, : where a slight skirmish occurred 
 
with the Federal advance ,on the 2nd, but finding that he could not 
 
cut Hardees forces off from the main body of Hoods army, he 
 
withdrew to Atlanta. 
 
: 
 
Lovell, Edward Francis, who is engaged in the hardware busi 
 
ness in Savannah, is a nativft of that city, where he was born 
 
July 9, 1847. He is a son of :! Edward and Mary Adams (Bates) 
 
Lovell. His father was born In Medway, Norfolk county, Mass., 
 
the town being now known -as Millis, March 4, 1816, and the 
 
mother was born Dec. 21, 1814. Edward Lovell became a promi- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
493 
 
nent business man and representative citizen of Savannah, where 
 
both he and his wife passed the closing years of their lives. He 
 
was a stanch upholder of the cause of the Confederacy in the Civil 
 
,.. ..,, 
 
war as a member of Company A, Chat- 
 
rfsillliliillls:-. 
 
ham siege artillery. His grandfather, 
 
Nathaniel Lovell, was a patriot soldier 
 
of the Continental line in the war of the 
 
Revolution, and his great-grandfather, 
 
Hopestill Lovell, took part in the French 
 
and Indian war of 1745. The family was 
 
founded in New England in the early 
 
colonial epoch. Edward Francis Lovell 
 
was reared and educated in Savannah and 
 
has here passed his entire life, being now 
 
numbered among the representative busi 
 
ness men of the city. On July 9, 1864, 
 
his seventeenth birthday,anniversary, he enlisted as a private in 
 
Company K, Symons Georgia reserves, with which he continued 
 
in service until the close of the war between the states, receiving 
 
his parole on May 1, 1865. He is a stanch supporter of the prin 
 
ciples and policies of the Democratic party, is affiliated with the 
 
Knights of Pythias, and both he and his wife are members of the 
 
Presbyterian church. On -April 5, 1870, Mr. Lovell was united in 
 
marriage to Miss Emily Williams Dasher, daughter of Israel and 
 
Mary Magdeline (Williams) Dasher, of Savannah, and of the four 
 
children of this union three are living, namely: Mary Laura, 
 
Edward Francis, Jr., and Gilbert Mays. Frank Dasher, the third 
 
in order of birth, died in infancy. 
 
Lovers Leap. A short distance above the city of Columbus, 
 
overlooking the Chattahoochee river, is a bold cliff that bears the 
 
romantic name of "Lovers Leap." In former times the region 
 
was inhabited by the two tribes of Indians known as the Cussetas 
 
and the Cowetas and the name was given to the point on account 
 
of the following legend: ; Mohina, daughter of the Cusseta chief, 
 
was betrothed to Young Eagle, the son of the chief of the Cowetas. 
 
But there .was serious rivalry and lack of friendship between the 
 
tribes and some of the young Cusseta braves resented the notion 
 
of their chiefs lovely daughter becoming the bride of a Coweta. 
 
A party of these braves followed the maiden to the trysting-place 
 
and while she was exchanging vows with her lover the infuriated 
 
band suddenly appeared before the happy pair. They fled, love 
 
and fear adding wings to their flight, but they did not notice care- 
 
 494 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
fully the course they took until they stood upon the summit of this 
 
cliff. Here was a dilemma. In close pursuit were a number of the 
 
most intrepid of the Cusseta braves, bent upon Young Eagles 
 
death, while in front were ;the raging waters of the Chattahoochee. 
 
Choosing union in death to separation the lovers clung to each oth 
 
er and sprang over the precipice into the seething torrent just as 
 
the foremost-of the pursuers with uplifted tomahawk was about to 
 
strike. The pursuers bore; the sad tidings to MohinaS::father and 
 
it is said that he soon afterward died of a broken spirit. ; 
 
Lovett, an incorporated town of Laurens county, is on the 
 
Wrightsville & Tennille railroad, not far from the Johnson county 
 
line. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, 
 
express and telegraph offices, some mercantile and shipping: inter 
 
ests, and in 1900 reported a population of 114. 
 
::: 
 
Lowndes County was created from Irwin in 1825. A part was 
 
taken, from it and added to Thomas the following year. It was 
 
named for William Jones Lowndes, of South Carolina, who, while 
 
a member of Congress heartily advocated the second war with 
 
England and opposed the first charter of the United States bank. 
 
It lies in the southern part Of the state, being bounded on the north 
 
by Berrien county, on the east by Clinch and Echols, on the south 
 
by the State of Florida, and on the west by the county of Brooks. 
 
The Allapaha, Withlacoochee and Little rivers, with their tribu 
 
taries, water the county. There are also numerous ponds, some of 
 
which have an area of six Square miles, all the streams and ponds 
 
being well supplied with fish, while the forests abound in small 
 
game. The lands are of the pine and hummock classes, each abun 
 
dantly producing all the staple crops of this section. Some of the 
 
best Georgia cane-syrup is :made in this county. Most of the cot 
 
ton is of the sea-island variety. Lumber and naval stores are 
 
important articles of commerce, a number of saw-mills and turpen 
 
tine distilleries being kept: constantly at work. Transportation 
 
facilities are good. Five lines of railroad radiate from Valdosta, 
 
which is the county seat and the commercial and manufacturing 
 
center. Hahira, Ousley, Melrose, Olympia, Lake Park and Naylor 
 
are important towns. Troupville, the former county seat, located 
 
near the confluence of the;: Withlacoochee and Little rivers, has 
 
almost ceased to exist. Near it may be seen the remains of an 
 
ancient town, the history of liwhich is veiled in mystery. The popu 
 
lation in 1900 was 20,036, a gain of 4,934 in ten years, which speaks 
 
well for the natural resources of the county. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA . OF GEORGIA 
 
495 
 
Lowry, a post-village of Fayette county, is on the Southern railway, about ten miles south of Fayetteville. 
Lowry, William P., a representative business man and citizen of Louisville, Jefferson county, was born in the city of Selma, Ala., March 4, 1869. He is a son of Rev. Dr. William J. and Margaret (Bell) Lowry, the former of whom was born in Greensboro, Ga., and the latter in Starkville, Miss. Doctor Lowry was reared to maturity in Georgia, became a prominent and influential clergyman of :ithe Presbyterian church, and received the honorary degree of Doctor of Divin ity. He died Nov. 10, 1878, at the age of thirty-eight years, having been at the time pastor of the First Presbyterian church of Louisville, Ky. He was pastor of a Pres byterian church in Selma,: at the time of birth of the subject of this review. When the latter was but three years of age, in 1873, his mother died, and he was but eight years old when his father also passed away. He was then taken into the home of his grandfather, Prof. William Strong Lowry, of Due West, S. C, where he was a teacher of Latin and French in Erskine college. Here the orphan lad was reared and educated, gradu ating at Erskine college: as a member of the class of 1887 and receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He was but eighteen years of age at the time, and the ensuing few years he devoted to teaching in the schools of South Carolina. In 1891 he took up his residence in Louisville, Ga., where he was employed as a clerk until 1896, when he engaged in the hardware bus iness, also handling vehicles, agricultural implements, etc., in which he has since continued, having built up a large and represen tative trade, and broadened his field of activity by identifying him self with other lines of enterprise. On March 12, 1903, he was one of the organizers and incorporators of the Middle Georgia Cotton Company, which has its headquarters at Sandersville, and of which he has been vice-president from the start. He is also a member of the directorate of the Bank of Louisville, and is known as a reliable, progressive and loyal citizen and business man. Mr. Lowry is a stanch supporter of the cause of the Democratic party and has served two terms as a member of the board of aldermen of Louis ville. He is a member of the Presbyterian church, a Royal Arch 
 
 496 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Mason, and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, in which he is past chancellor of the Louisville Lodge. 
Lucy Cobb Institute, for the education of young ladies, was founded through the efforts of Thomas R. R. Cobb and was first opened to the public in 18.58. Just about this time Lucy Cobb, eldest daughter of the founder, died and the trustees by unanimous vote gave her name to the new college. The main building is an elegant home for the boarding pupils of the school. When the necessity arose for a new college chapel, many contributions, were made by friends in Georgia and elsewhere of "amounts ranging from five to five hundred dollars, Gen. Henry R. Jackson of Savan nah being one of the most, liberal contributors. As more money was needed in 1882, one of ;the young lady pupils wrote a modest letter to George I. Seney, of New York, who the year before had made a liberal gift to the Wesleyan College for young ladies at Macon, telling him of the needs of the Institute. He responded with a liberal gift and Seney-Stovall Chapel stands as a monument to Mr. Seney and the fair daughter of Georgia. 
Ludovic, a post-hamlet of Bulloch county, is about five miles north of Arcola, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Ludville, a post-village of Pickens county, with a population of 79 in 1900, is about ten miles southwest of Talking Rock, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Luella, a village of Henry county, is on the Southern railway, ten miles southwest of McDonough. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph service, and in 1900 reported a population of 61. 
Luke, a village of Wilcox county, with a population of 110, is about four miles southwest of Rebecca, which is the nearest rail road station. It has a money order postoffice and is a trading center for the neighborhood in which it is located. 
Lula, an incorporated town in the eastern part of Hall county, is at the junction of two divisions of the Southern railway, and in 1900 reported a population sof 217. It has a money order postoffice, from which a number J of free delivery routes supply mail to the surrounding rural districts, express and telegraph offices, mer cantile and shipping interests, schools, churches, etc. 
Lulaton, a town in the southern part of Wayne county, is on the Atlantic Coast Line railway, about five miles east of Nahunta. The population in 1900 was 154. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, some mercantile and manufacturing interests, and is a shipping point of considerable importance. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
495-:, 
 
Lumber. The production of lumber is one of the leading man 
 
ufacturing industries of Georgia. According to the census of 19.00 
 
there were 1,354 establishments with an invested capital of $11,- 
 
:802,716, employing 10,240 people, paying annually in wages $2,344,- 
 
523, and having an output valued at $13,704,923. The basis for 
 
this great business is the well known long leaf pine, which is found 
 
in nearly all the counties south of the Crystalline area. Extensive 
 
forests of oak and hickory, interspersed with ash, walnut and poplar, 
 
are found along the mountain ranges in the northern part, in the 
 
southern tier of ctmnties and in the Chattahoochee valley. Along 
 
the Atlantic coast is a strip about twenty miles wide and one hun 
 
dred miles long in which :are found forests of live oak, the timber 
 
from which is much sought by the great shipbuilding concerns of 
 
the country. In several localities is found the cypress, which is 
 
extensively used in the manufacture of shingles. There are some 
 
other hard woods, found in the forests and swamps, that in recent 
 
years have assumed commercial importance. Among these may 
 
be mentioned the persimmon, red and white bay, magnolia, gum 
 
and white holly or "Henderson wood." The last named when sea 
 
soned is almost as white as ivory, very hard and capable of receiv 
 
ing a high polish. It is coming into use in the place of ivory for the 
 
manufacture of piano keys. The red bay also takes a high polish 
 
and resembles mahogany. In 1890 there were 15,000,000 acres of 
 
pine timber still standing, with an estimated lumber product of 
 
3,000 feet to the-acre. Some idea of the magnitude of the export 
 
trade may be gained when it is stated that the two ports of Savan 
 
nah and Brunswick alone; export over 300,000,000 feet, or the timber 
 
from 1,000 acres of pine forest. At this rate it is only a question of 
 
a few years when the forests will entirely disappear. The Georgia 
 
yellow pine is much sought for in all the great markets of the world. 
 
It is durable, easily worked, ornamental, and for general building 
 
purposes has no superior anywhere. A recent writer on this sub 
 
ject says: "No other wood combines so many good qualities, and 
 
pine will always be the standard lumber of this country. The 
 
outside markets have not been systematically, or energetically, 
 
or properly looked after.: The demand for pine could be increased 
 
in England, France, and in the countries south of us, and while 
 
this is being done we should learn to regard our pine forests as a 
 
lasting source of revenue, and guard them from ruthless spoliation, 
 
so that they may be left as a heritage to the future citizens of the 
 
commonwealth." 
 
; 
 
32--11 
 
 498 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Lumber City, a town in the eastern part of Telfair county, is on the Ocmulgee river and the branch of the Southern railway that connects Macon and Brunswick. It was ^incorporated by act of the legislature in 1889 and, as :its name indicates, has a large lumber business. It ships large quantities of lumber, turpentine and rosin over the railway and by steamboats plying the Ocmulgee and the Altamaha rivers, has telegraph and express offices, a money order postoffice with rural free delivery, a branch bank of the Baxley Banking Company, several: flourishing mercantile establishments, and both the town and vicinity are well supplied with schools and churches. By the census of; 1900 the population was 760, and in the 
entire district there were 1,326 inhabitants. 
: Lummus, Ezra Franklin, president of 
the F. H. Lummus Sons Company, of 
Cplumbus, is one of the successful and 
influential business men of that city and 
stands at the head of an extensive manu 
facturing concern. He was born in the 
city of New York, March 27, 1855, and 
is:a son of Franklin H. and Sarah Ann 
(Smith) Lummus, the former born in 
Wenham, Essex county, Mass., and the latter in St. John, New Brunswick, Can 
ada. The subject of this review received 
his educational discipline in the schools of the national metropolis and at Stratford, Conn. At the age of fourteen years he took a position as clerk in the Mercantile Na tional bank of New York city, later becoming bookkeeper in the Kings County bank, of the same city, holding each of these posi tions for two years. At the age of eighteen years he became assis tant bookkeeper for the firm of H. O. Bernard & Co., manufac turers of straw hats, this also being a New York concern. He held this position two and one-half years, at the expiration of which he became bookkeeper for a Mr. Heuberer, a wholesale grain dealer in the city of Brooklyn. In 1879 he resigned this,position and came to Georgia, taking up his residence in Juniper, Talbot county, where, in 1873, his father had established a cotton-gin factory. Both he and his brother, Louis E., were admitted to partnership in the business at the same:time, the firm name becoming F. H. Lummus Sons & Co. Upon the death of the father, in 1896, Ezra F. succeeded him as head of the firm, and in the same year the business was incorporated under the present title of F. H. Lummus 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
498 
 
Sons Company, the subject of this sketch being made president of the company and since remaining the incumbent of this execu tive office. In order to secure better shipping facilities the plant was removed from Juniper in 1899 to Columbus, where it now represents one of the leading manufacturing industries, and in its line is one of the most important concerns of the sort in the en tire state. The plant covers six acres of ground and here are man ufactured an annual average of 700 gins and 250 cotton presses. The company are builders of complete ginning systems, and also manufacture feeders, condensers, pneumatic cotton elevators, bat tery condensers, metal lint flues, screw conveyors, etc. The officers of the company are: E. F. Lummus, president; A. Illges, vice-pres ident; L. E. Lummus, secretary and treasurer. Ezra F. Lummus is a valued member of the Columbus board of trade, is a Republi can in politics and both he and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church. On Nov. 25, 1875, he was united in marriage to Miss Julia Irene Wendt, daughter of Herman and Elizabeth (Vorhees) Wendt, of New York city, the former of whom is de ceased and the latter now makes her home with Mr. and Mrs. Lum mus. To this marriage have been born five children: Cora Estelle is the wife of C. G Hartpence, of New Jersey; Franklin Ed ward was the next in order of birth; Ada Belle is the wife of O. E. Dooly, of Macon, Ga.; and the two younger children are Kenneth Roscoe and Marion. 
Lumpkin, the county seat of Stewart county, is beautifully lo cated on a high ridge commanding a fine view of the surrounding country. The first house was built in August, 1830, and the town was incorporated on December 30th of that year. It is connected with Americus by a branch of the Seaboard Air Line railroad, has express and telegraph offices, a money order post office with rural free delivery, a court house, valued at $28,000, a wagon and buggy factory, several prosperous mercantile establishments, two public cotton gins, a bank, and good public schools. Several denomina tions have churches in the town. According to the United States census for 1900, the militia district in which Lumpkin is situated had 3,563 inhabitants, of whom 1,470 lived in the town. 
Lumpkin County was laid out from Cherokee, and organized in 1832. It was named for Hon. Wilson Lumpkin and is bounded on the north and northwest by Union county, on the east by White, on the southeast by Hall, on the southwest by Dawson and on the west by Dawson and Fannin. It is watered by the Etowah, Chestatee and Tesnatee rivers and a number of smaller streams. The 
 
 500 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Blue Ridge runs through the county from northeast to southwest. The soil is fertile, especially along the rivers, and is easily culti vated, sweet and Irish potatoes, wheat and sorghum being the prin cipal productions. Apples;do well on the rich hillsides and are of a fine flavor. Peaches, pears, and quinces are also raised. The coun ty lies in the gold belt, some of the mines having been worked for years. The Singleton mine, near Dahlonega, and the Calhoun on the Chestatee have yielded great quantities of gold. The famous lot, No. 1,052, which created such a sensation among gold seekers in the 30s, is on the Yahobla creek. Immediately east of the town of Dahlonega is a long and high range of hills, extending many miles to the southwest, which form the axis of the gold belt, being literally scarred with prospectors pits, cuts and tunnels. In nu merous places streams have been diverted from their natural chan nels in order that the alluvium and gravel in their beds might be washed in the search for gold. Dahlonega is the county seat. The schools of the county are good, and a branch of the University of Georgia has been established at Dahlonega. The county is without railroad facilities. The population in 1900 was 7,433, a gain of 566 since 1890. Qn Sept. 15, 1864, a skirmish took place in Lumpkin county, between the Federal and the Confederate forces. 
Lumpkin, John Henry, lawyer and legislator, was born in Oglethorpe county, June 13, 1812. After graduating at the State uni versity, he attended Yale college, studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1834. The following year he was elected to the lower house of the state legislature; was made solicitor general in 1838; was chosen to represent his district in Congress in 1842; was twice reflected; became judge of the superior court in 1849; was a member of the Charleston convention in 1850; was elected to Congress again in 1854, and in 1857 was a candidate for the Demo cratic nomination for governor, but was defeated by a small major ity. He died at Rome in i860. 
Lumpkin. Joseph Henry,- There was marked consistency in the elevation of Judge Lumpkin to the bench of the supreme court of the State of Georgia, in April, 1905, not alone on account of his high standing as a lawyer and as judge of the superior court of the Atlanta circuit, but also by ^reason of the fact that his grandfather, Judge Joseph Henry Lumpkin, in whose honor he was named, had the distinction of being the first chief justice of the supreme court of the state, while his cousin, Samuel Lumpkin, also served with marked ability on the ^supreme bench, the family name being one of the oldest and most illustrious in the annals of Georgia, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
501 
 
Judge Lumpkin was born in Athens, the seat of the University of Georgia. He was graduated in the university, with high hon ors, as a member of the class of 1875, and was admitted to the bar in 1876, having prosecuted his legal studies under effective preceptorship, in the city of Atlanta, whither he removed immediately after his graduation. "It was not long before he won recognition by his alertness, depth and thoroughness as a lawyer. He showed that he was not only master of the principles of the law but also clearly understood how to apply them. His firm grasp of these principles and his precision and impressiveness in presenting them marked him in early young manhood as a winner of lofty honors in the profession." In 1877 he was appointed assistant reporter of the supreme court of the state, and upon the resignation of the late Hon. Henry Jackson, he was appointed reporter of the su preme court, Jan. 14, 1888. Six years later, April 30, 1888, he re signed this office and resumed the active practice of his profession, building up a large and .important practice in both the state and Federal courts. A reviewer has thus spoken of his career at the bar: "His familiarity with the judicial rulings of the supreme court made him a favorite oracle with the members of the bar throughout the state, and he was frequently called into consulta tion where important and far-reaching issues were involved. Among the noted cases in which he figured after returning to general practice was that of the Southern Mutual Insurance Company, involving hundreds of thousands of dollars and bringing in ques tion the determination of important legal issues affecting the rights of policy holders and the distribution of accrued profits. He was also employed as counsel in the Cotton States Life In surance case, one of the most intricate issues ever tried in Georgia. In a number of criminal proceedings he has represented the attor ney-general of the state and given aid to the solicitors in the pros ecution of criminals. In one volume alone of the supreme-court decisions are reported twenty cases in which he figured:" In Sep tember, 1893, upon the resignation of the late Hon. Marshall J. Clarke from the position of judge of the superior court of the Atlanta, circuit, Judge Lumpkin was appointed to fill the vacancy, and when the legislature assembled he was elected to fill the unexpired term, while in: 1896 he was chosen by the legislature for the full term of four years. In 1900, the mode of election of judges of the superior court having been made by constitutional amend ment, he was elected by the people for a term of four years from Jan. 1, 1901; and was again elected for a term of four years begin- 
 
 502 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ing Jan. 1, 1905. Before the expiration of his term on the circuit 
 
bench he was honored with appointment to the exalted office of 
 
associate justice of the supreme court, to fill the unexpired term 
 
caused by the resignation of Judge Joseph R. Lamar, and entered 
 
upon the discharge of his dtitfes on April 10, 1905. His record as 
 
a jurist has been marked with most unremitting devotion to the 
 
duties devolving upon him and his usefulness has been enhanced 
 
by his broad scholarship and culture, his thorough technical train 
 
ing, his keen grasp of the essentials of the science of jurisprudence 
 
and his powers of application and assimilation. Judge Lumpkin 
 
is arrayed as a stalwart supporter of the principles of the Demo 
 
cratic party. He remains aibachelor. 
 
. ..,.,:,... . 
 
:Lumpkin, Samuel, was one in whose 
 
mortal tenement burned the flame of 
 
loftiest manhood. He was known as one 
 
of the distinguished citizens of Georgia 
 
and as a member of a family whose name 
 
has been one of prominence in the an 
 
nals of American history. He was pre 
 
siding justice of the supreme court of 
 
the state of Georgia at the time of his 
 
death, and no more consistent memorial 
 
can be entered in the present connection 
 
than that which was furnished in the re 
 
port of the committee appointed to pre 
 
pare a tribute to his life, character and career for presentation 
 
to the supreme court, in whose proceedings the same is recorded. 
 
The memoir is here reproduced with but slight change: "Samuel 
 
Lumpkin was born in Oglethorpe county, Ga., Dec. 12, 1848. He was reared and educated in his native state. He came of excellent 
 
stock. The name of Lumpkin adds luster to the political annals 
 
of the state of Georgia, and to the records of the bench and bar 
 
of this commonwealth. One member of this illustrious family 
 
was John Lumpkin, great-frandtather of the late Justice Samuel 
 
Lumpkin. John Lumpkin was a man of force and ability such as one would expect to find asythe progenitor of men like the Lump- 
 
kins. This John Lumpkin had nine sons, two of whom achieved marked distinction. They ;:were Wilson Lumpkin, governor of 
 
Georgia and United States!: senator from the state, and Joseph 
Henry Lumpkin, first chief-justice of Georgia, whose judicial bril liance contributed so largely to our admirable system of juris 
 
prudence. Their brother, Samuel Lumpkin, was the grandfather 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
503 
 
of the late Justice Samuel Lumpkin, whose father, Joseph Henry Lumpkin, though he died at the early age of twenty-six years, had already won an enviable position at the bar of this state. The un timely death of this gifted man left young Samuel, then of tender years, to care for his widowed mother and his sister. The fathers estate was not large, and no doubt this young son encountered great difficulties in carrying the responsibilities forced upon him by the loss of his father. His mother, formerly Miss Sarah Johnson, of Oglethorpe county, however, was an admirable woman, of fine dis cretion and earnest Christian character, highly fitted to rear and train her talented son. He bore manfully and bravely the responsi bilities of early life, and if ever he grew tired or faltered in his trust, the secret died with him. To the day of her death the mother never ceased to praise God for the noble son given her," and the testimony of the sister is, He was :the best and noblest of brothers. Those of us who knew him intimately knew of the tender affection and anx ious solicitude which he ever manifested for both of them. We might pause here and profitably point a moral of well-nigh univer sal observation, that responsibilities are essential to the develop ment of true manhood;:and when to other responsibilities are ad ded the care and support of mother and sister, how immeasurably potent in that development are such influences. Truly no man was ever completely great, nor can -.be, who did not love his mother. Young Samuel Lumpkin attended both the state university at Athens, and Mercer university at Penfield, Ga. He was an apt student and ranked easily among the leaders of his class. At the time of his graduation: in the state university he was seventeen and one-half years old. : He was graduated in 1866, with first hon or, sharing it with Carlton Hillyer and Frank A. Lipscomb. The friends he made in college he retained through life, and it may be said no man ever valued friendship more or surpassed him in loy alty to that pure and precious relation. Following his graduation from college the young man taught school, both in Georgia and Mississippi, for a brief: time. While engaged as a teacher he ap plied himself outside of school hours to the study of law, and in 1868 he was admitted to the bar in Lexington, Ga. His first part nership was with Col. Robert Hester, of Elberton, and he afterward became a partner of Col. C. T. Goode, during the years 1870-71, residing in Americus. Tn 1871 he returned to Lexington. About .this time he was appointed a clerk in the house of representatives, the first public office tie ever held. From this on until his death he was for the most part in public service. In 1872 he was ap- 
 
 504 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
pointed solicitor-general of the northern circuit. In 1877 he was elected to the state senate from his district. In 1884 he was elected by the legislature judge of the superior courts of the north ern circuit, and in 1888 he was unanimously reflected. His eleva tion to the supreme bench took; place in 1890, and seven years later he was appointed by the chief-justice as presiding justice of thesecond division, which position he held up to the time of his death.. It will be noted from the foregoing that his legislative career cov ered only a brief period, but it was of sufficient length to demon strate that he was an able and useful legislator. He served on the judiciary committee and as chairman of the railroad committee, . taking, in the latter capacity, a chief part in creating and estab lishing the railroad commission of this state, now still existing.. As solicitor-general of the northern circuit he won great reputation as a fair, able and fearless prosecuting officer. He was exceeding ly accurate and painstaking, characteristics that indicated him in every walk of life. He made an admirable circuit judge, possessing executive ability and at all times administering the law impartially and wisely. He tempered justice with mercy. His charges to trial juries were models of clearness and were marked by a fairness of which the losing side could never justly complain. Another char acteristic of this great judge was his readiness to certify to bills of exceptions imputing error in his official action. No lawyer, we believe, will say that Judge Lumpkin would not give a fair bill of exceptions. His judicial life as associate justice of the supreme court, the last scene of his official service, will ever be his lifescrowning glory. He served on this bench with preeminent ability,, justly winning reputation and :renown. He was devoted to legal truth and followed his matured convictions wherever they led. He took no thought as to the effect of his decision upon friend or foe and was never concerned beyond the inquiry, what is the law? but for this he was always deeply concerned. No case having a legal claim upon his attention was unworthy of his best labor nor so intricate his master mirid could not untangle, simplify and solve it. He was vigorous, strong intellectually, persistent in pur pose, steadfast in moral integrity, and untiring in the performance of duty. He possessed in a remarkable degree the power of state ment, and that gift, coupled with his wonderful power of discrim ination, analysis and condensation, made him truly a great judge in his day. His opinions, foun^d in the Georgia Reports, volumes 86 to 117, render him secure of judicial immortality. He was mar ried, Oct. 17, 1878, at Lexingtoh, to Miss Kate Richardson, daugh- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
5{j| ; 
 
ter of Walker Richardson and granddaughter of Col. A. M. Sanford, both of Alabama. Judge Lumpkin left no descendants, his only child, a son, having died at the age of four years. Mrs. Lumpkin, survives her distinguished husband and is the recipient of sympathy from his multitude of friends throughout the state. She is a woman of rare attraction, and her gentle influence over her hus band, no doubt, was most potent, contributing largely to his suc cess. Judge Lumpkin recognized in her more than a helpmeet; she was his constant inspiration and he had the greatest admira tion for her judgment and high sense of justice. He has been heard to say that he frequently discussed with her questions of abstract right and justice and was much aided in the solution of such ques tions as a result of these discussions. He was a most devoted husband. In this relation he showed his brightest and most at tractive side. In the language of the broken-hearted widow, in a letter written to a member of this committee, He was always so cheerful, never despondent or discouraged; even during his last illness, through the long months of pain and suffering, he saw only the brightness ahead; his face always turned toward the sun shine. And the committee may add, she has spoken truly, for he loved the light. This was characteristic of the man, to look al ways toward the sunshine, ever and always in search of light, and those-of us who knew him best, hopefully believe, as the shadow of deaths wing shut all the sunlight of this life from his mortal eyes, on the 18th day of July, 1903, a new light opened up to his immortal vision, eternal light which bringeth in and sustaineth the life everlasting." Justice Cobb responded to the committees report on behalf of the court, which fully concurred in the report, a page of the minutes of the tribunal were devoted to the memory of the deceased brother and the proceedings were ordered published in the official reports. 
Lumpkin, Thomas Beggs, general agent in Atlanta of the New England Mutual Life Insurance Company, was born in Oglethorpe county, Ga., Sept. 10, 1868. At the age of fourteen years he re moved to Athens, where he soon found employment. Coming to Atlanta in 1891 he engaged as traveling salesman with the whole sale dry-goods firm of Ridley-Ragan Company, remaining with them for thirteen years. [During the last seven years of this time he was a junior partner. ; Retiring from this business in 1903 he took up life insurance, in;which he has been very successful. He has never been an aspirant for any office, but has preferred to devote his time to his business and leave to others all political 
 
 .506 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ambitions. He is a member of the Piedmont Driving club and of 
 
the Athletic club of Atlanta. 
 
Lumpkin, Wilson, one of Georgias most noted sons, was born 
 
in Virginia, Jan. 14, 1783. While he was still very young the fam 
 
ily removed to Oglethorpe coiinty, Ga., where for a time he at 
 
tended the common schools of the neighborhood, but his best educa 
 
tion was obtained through assisting his father as clerk of the super 
 
ior court. He entered politics very early in life, being elected to both 
 
branches of the state legislature before 1815, when he was elected 
 
to the lower house of Congress. In 1823 President Monroe se 
 
lected him as a member of the commission to fix the boundary 
 
between Georgia and Florida; he was again elected to Congress in 
 
1826; was reflected in 1828, and in 1831 was elected governor of 
 
the state. He was one of the; first commissioners to serve under 
 
the Cherokee treaty and as a member of the board of public works, 
 
appointed by the Georgia legislature, he recommended the build 
 
ing of nearly all the lines of railroad now in operation in the state. 
 
He died at Athens, Dec. 28, 1870.: 
 
Lumpkins Station, (now Munnerlyn) a few miles north of Mil- 
 
len, was the scene of a skirmish on Dec. 4, 1864, between the rear 
 
guard of the Fourteenth army corps and a small force of Con 
 
federate cavalry. The Federals were engaged in tearing up the 
 
xailroad, (then the Savannah & Augusta, but now a part of the 
 
Central of Georgia system) when the Confederates suddenly ap 
 
peared and opened fire. No regular assault was attempted as the 
 
Federal force was too strong to encourage such a course, but by 
 
the sudden dash the work of destruction was stopped for the time 
 
being. After the exchange of a few shots, without important re 
 
sults to either side, the Confederates withdrew. 
 
Lunatic Asylum. (See State Sanitarium). 
 
Lupont, a post-village of Effingham county, is about five miles 
 
east of Egypt, which is the nearest railroad station. 
 
Lusk, a post-hamlet of Fannin county, is about twelve miles 
 
southeast of Blueridge, which is the most convenient railroad sta 
 
tion. 
 
;: 
 
Luther, a post-village in the southeastern part of Warren county, 
 
is not far from the McDuffie county line. The nearest railroad 
 
station is Dearing, on the main line of the Georgia system. The 
 
population in 1900 was 49. :; 
 
Luthersville, an incorporated itown in the northern part of Meri- 
 
wether county, is near the headwaters of Red Oak creek, and 
 
about eight miles from Grantvllle, which is the most convenient 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
507 
 
railroad station. It has a money order postoffice and in 1900 re 
 
ported a population of 209. It is the principal trading point in 
 
that part of the county. 
 
Luxomni, a village in the southwestern part of Gwinnett county, 
 
is on the Seaboard Air Line railway, not far from the Dekalb 
 
county line. It has a money order postoffice, some mercantile and 
 
shipping interests, etc. 
 
: 
 
Lyerly, a town in the southwestern part of Chattooga county, 
 
was incorporated by act of the legislature on Sept. 29, 1891. It is 
 
located in the valley of the Chattooga river, at the junction of two 
 
branches of the Central of Georgia railway system, and in 1900 re 
 
ported a population of 234 in, the town and 729 in the district. It 
 
has a money order postoffice, telegraph and express service, a chair 
 
factory, a large flour mill, some good stores, schools and churches, 
 
and does a large shipping business. 
 
Lynch, a post-hamlet in the northern part of White county, is 
 
located in the Nacoochee valley, about ten miles from Cleveland. 
 
Clarkesville is the nearest railway station. 
 
Lynch, George G., general superintendent of the Charleston & 
 
Western Carolina railroad, with headquarters in the city of Au 
 
gusta, Ga., was born in Enfield, Halifax county, N. C., March 8, 
 
1852, being a son of George G. and Emma (Whitaker) Lynch, the 
 
former of whom was born in Edgecombe county and the latter in 
 
Halifax county, that state. Prior to the Civil war the father was 
 
a special agent of the LJnited States postoffice department, having 
 
held the position for many years. At the outbreak of the war he 
 
resigned and accepted a similar position with the Confederate gov 
 
ernment, serving most faithfully in that capacity until the close 
 
of the great conflict between the North and South. At the time 
 
of his death, which occurred on Dec. 2:8, 1886, he was general agent 
 
of the Atlantic Coast Line railroad, his death occurring in Wel- 
 
don, N. C., where his devoted wife also died, in 1883, at the age 
 
of sixty-three years. He was a nephew of Green Lynch, who 
 
served as a midshipman on; the United States warship, "Consti 
 
tution," in the War of 1812. Of the children of George G. and 
 
Emma (Whitaker) Lynch two sons and four daughters are liv 
 
ing, namely: George G., subject of this review; Margaret C., wife 
 
of Albert L. Pierce, of Halifax,. N. C.; Magdaline B., wife of L. 
 
B. Tilley, of Manchester, Va>; Mary Emma, wife of F. Overton, of 
 
Little Rock, Ark.; May C., \yife of Benjamin F. Arrington, of Wil- 
 
mington, N. C..; and Adolphus B., paymaster of the Atlantic Coast 
 
Line railroad, with residence in Wilmington, X. C. George G. 
 
 508 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Lynch, subject of this sketch:, attended the schools of his native 
 
county until he had attained the age of sixteen years, when he 
 
initiated his career in the [railway service by taking the position 
 
of office boy in the employ; of the old Wilmington & Weldon rail 
 
road, at Weldon. His father was at the time general agent of the 
 
road at that point. In 1:869, after about a years service, Mr. 
 
Lynch was promoted to ; the position of freight clerk in the 
 
same office, serving in this capacity until 1873, when he became 
 
a freight -conductor on the road and two years later he was 
 
promoted to the position of passenger conductor, retaining this 
 
incumbency until May 20, 1881, when he was sent to Flor 
 
ence, S. C., as assistant master of transportation of the Wil 
 
mington, Columbia & Augusta and the Cheraw & Darlington rail 
 
roads. In 1885 he was made trainmaster of the Columbia division 
 
of the Atlantic Coast Line, iwith headquarters at Florence. About 
 
five years later he became: assistant superintendent of. transpor 
 
tation, retaining this office; and remaining a resident of .Florence 
 
until July 1, 1902, when he :jwas transferred to the city of Charles 
 
ton, S. C., where he became superintendent of the Charleston dis 
 
trict of the same system. > He held this position until April 1, 
 
1905, when he was promoted to his present responsible office. He 
 
has been in continuous railway service for nearly forty years and 
 
is a trusted, valued and able executive, popular in a most unquali 
 
fied sense. Mr. Lynch is a member of the Commercial club of Au 
 
gusta, is affiliated with the [Knights of Pythias, is a stanch adher 
 
ent of the Democratic party, and both he and his wife hold 
 
membership in St. Johns church, Methodist Episcopal South, in 
 
Augusta. On Dec. 18, 1873, Mr. Lvnch was united in marriage to 
 
Miss Florence Whitaker, of Halifax county, N. C. She died in 
 
July, 1886, leaving two children Deleon and Ida E., the former 
 
now a passenger conductor on the Atlantic : Coast Line railroad, 
 
and the latter the w.ife of [William S. Taylor, of Rocky Mount, 
 
N. C. On June 19, 1889, Mr. Lynch married Miss Clara M. Whit 
 
aker, a sister of his first wife, and they have two children James 
 
M. and Adolphus B., both of whom are attending school. 
 
Lynn, also called Danton Station, a post-hamlet of Tattnall 
 
county, is on the Seaboard Air Line railway, about five miles west 
 
of Collins. 
 
i 
 
Lyon, Richard F., lawyer, and politician, was born in 1817. He 
 
studied law, was admitted to the bar, and soon won a place among 
 
the leading attorneys of the state. He was elected by the legis 
 
lature to a place on the supreme bench in 1860, to succeed Judge 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
509 
 
Benning. At the expiration of his term.in 1866 he was succeeded 
 
by Judge Walker. He was a delegate to the national Union con 
 
vention at Philadelphia in 1866, and to the stormy Democratic 
 
state convention of 1880. He continued to practice his profession 
 
at Macon until his death in 1892. 
 
; 
 
Lyons, the county seat of Toombs county, was reincorporated 
 
by act of the legislature in 1897. It is located on the Seaboard 
 
Air Line railroad between Americus and Savannah and has an 
 
active business in lumber, rosin and turpentine. It has express 
 
and telegraph offices, a money order postoffice with rural free de 
 
livery, a bank, several successful business: houses, schools ;and 
 
churches, and in 1900 the district had a population of 1,098, of 
 
whom 534 lived in the tqwn. 
 
Lytle, a village in the northeastern part of Walker county, is on 
 
the Central of Georgia railroad, not far from the Catoosa county 
 
line. It is also called Battlefield Station, as it is opposite the 
 
Chickamauga national ,park. It has an international money or 
 
der postoffice, a telegraph office, some mercantile interests, and 
 
in 1900 reported a population of 46. 
 
M 
Mabel, a post-hamlet of Camden county, is on the peninsula be tween the Satilla and Little Satilla rivers, about seven miles east of Waverly, which is the barest railroad station. 
Mableton, a town in th outhern part of Cobb county, reported a population of 200 in 1900. It is on the Southern railway, five miles east of Austell, has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, and is!; a trading center and shipping point for that section of the county. 
Mabry, a post-hamlet!of Carroll county, is about twelve miles southwest of Carrollton, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
Macedonia, a post-hamlet of Miller county, is seven miles north east of Colquitt, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Maceo, a post-hamlet! of Jenkins county, is about twelve miles southwest of Millen. Garfield, on the Millen & Southwestern, is the nearest railroad station. 
Machen, an incorporated town of Jasper county, is at the junc tion of two divisions-of the Central of Georgia railway system, and in 1900 reported a population of 210. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, telegraph and express service, and 
 
 510 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
is probably the most important town in the county, except Monti- 
 
cello. 
 
;: 
 
: Maclean, Malcolm, has been a resident 
 
; of Savannah for forty-five years, rising 
 
:to prominence and influence in business 
 
icircles and having important interests 
 
;at the present time, though he is living 
 
ipractically retired. He was born in In- 
 
:vernessshire, Scotland, March 17, 1837, 
 
:and is a son of John and Anna Bella 
 
:(Macdonald) Maclean, both of whom 
 
:passed their entire lives in Scotland, be 
 
ing scions of two of the stanch old clans 
 
:of the land of hills and heather. Mal 
 
colm Maclean was reared to maturity in 
 
his native land, securing his earlier educational training under the 
 
tutorship of a private instructor and thereafter being a student 
 
in the Glasgow high school. In the autumn of 1855, as a youth 
 
of eighteen years, accompanied only by a distant kinsman, he set 
 
forth to seek his fortunein America, landing in New York city, 
 
where he soon afterward;1 embarked on a brig which bore him to 
 
Florida. He located in Newport, that state, there being employed 
 
four years as clerk in a cotton warehouse. In 1860 he removed 
 
to Savannah, "where he has since made his home and where he has 
 
so directed his energies as to attain unqualified success, the while 
 
retaining the implicit confidence and esteem of those with whom 
 
he has come in contact in; the various relations of life. He mani 
 
fested his insistent loyalty to the cause of the Confederacy at the 
 
inception of the Civil war; enlisting as a private, first in the Ogle- 
 
thorpe siege artillery, a company organized in the winter of 1861- 
 
62 for local defense, and; commanded by Capt. John B. Gallic. 
 
When the company was tjisbanded Mr. Maclean enlisted on April 
 
29, 1862, in Company C,;Savannah volunteers, Eighteenth Geor 
 
gia Battalion, and served iwith all of fidelity until the close of the 
 
great struggle which left to the south the record of a "lost cause." 
 
He rose to the rank of sergeant of his company, and during the 
 
entire period of his service escaped wounds until two days before 
 
the surrender of General ;Lee, when he was wounded in the en 
 
gagement at Sailors Creek, Virginia. He was there captured, be 
 
ing held a prisoner at Fort McHenry, Maryland, for several 
 
months. He signalized his continued interest in his old comrades 
 
in arms by retaining membership in the United Confederate Vet- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
511 
 
erans Association. For two score years Mr. Maclean was a prom 
 
inent cotton factor in Savannah, retiring from active connection 
 
with the cotton market in 1900. He is a member of the directorate 
 
of the Ocean Steamship Company; the Southwestern railway of 
 
Georgia; the Augusta & Savanah railroad; the Merchants Na 
 
tional bank, of Savannah; the Kinkaid Manufacturing Company 
 
and the Spalding Manufacturing Company, of Griffin, both of 
 
which operate cotton mills. He holds membership in the Savan 
 
nah cotton exchange and the Savannah Yacht club; is a member 
 
of the board of managers of the^Savannah hospital; a member and 
 
ex-president of the local St. Andrews society; is affiliated with the 
 
lodge, chapter and commandery of the Masonic fraternity; and 
 
belongs to the Independent Presbyterian church. On Dec. 2, 1875,, 
 
Mr. Maclean was united in marriage to Miss Mary Macintosh 
 
Mills, daughter of Capt. James arid Nettie (Cope) Mills, who were 
 
well-known residents of Savannah, where they spent the closing 
 
years of their lives. - Mrs. Maclean was summoned to her home 
 
beyond on Oct. 24, 1904, and is survived by seven children, viz. : 
 
Annie M., Edward M., Marion M., Cornelia S., Malcolm R., George 
 
M., and Charles M. James M., the first-born, died at the age of 
 
three years. Mrs. Maclean was a woman of noble attributes of 
 
character, gracious and kindly, and held a place in the affectionate 
 
regard of all who came within the sphere of her influence. The 
 
Mary Maclean Circle,: Kings Daughters, of Savannah, is named 
 
in her honor. She was a zealous member of the Independent Pres 
 
byterian church. 
 
: 
 
Macon, sometimes called the;"Central City," because it is lo 
 
cated very near the geographical center :of the state, is the ; county 
 
seat of Bibb county arid the fourth city of Georgia in population. 
 
Shortly after Fort Hawkins was built, in 1806, a Mr. Lyman, of 
 
Milledgeville, established a store there for the purpose of trading 
 
with the Indians. This was the first house built outside the: fort. 
 
Other settlers soon came and in a few years quite a village had 
 
grown up about the post. The place was called Fort Hawkins 
 
until about 1821, when it took the name of Newtown. When Bibb 
 
county was created, in December, 1822, commissioners were ap 
 
pointed to lay out the town of Macon, reserving four acres for 
 
public buildings. The first lots were sold in March, 1833, and the 
 
town was incorporated the same year. It was named for Hon. 
 
Nathaniel Macon, a prominent statesman of North Carolina. As 
 
first laid out it was all on the west side of the river, but in 1828 
 
the Fort Hawkins property was sold and the next year Newtown 
 
 512 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
became part of Macon. The first steamboat arrived on Jan. 25, 
 
1833, towing two barges loaded with freight, having made the 
 
trip from Darien in eight days, a feat that was hailed with delight 
 
by the press and the public, though the distance is now covered 
 
in as many hours. In 1900 Macon had a population of 23,272 in 
 
the city proper, and including the suburbs of East Macon and 
 
Vineville the population was 36,137. At that time there were 
 
forty-eight manufacturing establishments, employing 4,500 people. 
 
The manufactured products include cotton and knit goods, yarns, 
 
hosiery, iron, brass and bronze work, brick, machinery, cotton gins 
 
.and presses, cotton seed oil, fertilizers, sash, doors and blinds, ice, 
 
candy, crackers, and many others. The city has nine railroads 
 
radiating in all directions, two national and six state banks, strong 
 
commercial houses that do a wholesale business over a large sec 
 
tion of the state, good hotels, a fine fire department, waterworks, 
 
electric lights, a number of newspapers and periodicals, and an 
 
efficient street railway service. Besides the public school sys 
 
tem Macon is the seat of Iseveral higher institutions of learning, 
 
notably the Mercer university, the Wesleyan female college, St. 
 
Stanislaus college, Mount de Sales academy, and the Ballard nor 
 
mal school for colored students. It is well supplied with churches 
 
and charitable institutions, among which is the state Academy for 
 
the Blind. 
 
!: 
 
On July 30, 1864, an attack was made upon the city by General 
 
Stoneman, while that officer was on his famous raid, and again 
 
on Nov. 20th the place was threatened by Kilpatricks cavalry, but 
 
the city was saved both times by the timely interference of General 
 
Wheeler. On April 20, 1865, Wilsons Federal cavalry occupied 
 
the city without resistance, the war being already practically at 
 
.an end. 
 
: 
 
Macon County was created in 1837 and was named for Hon. 
 
Nathaniel Macon, of North;Carolina, who served through the en 
 
tire war of the Revolution :as.a private, declining promotion, and 
 
afterward made an enviable :record as a legislator, both in the gen 
 
eral assembly of his state and the Congress of the nation. The 
 
county is located southwest of the center of the state and is 
 
bounded on the north by Taylor and Crawford, on the east by 
 
Houston, on the southeast and south by Dooly, Sumter and Schley 
 
and on the west by Schley and Taylor. The surface is well wat 
 
ered by the Flint river and several of its tributaries and the soil is 
 
above the average in fertility. The crops usual to this part of 
 
the state are raised without Idifficulty, though the leading products 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
513 
 
of the farms are cotton, corn, sweet and Irish potatoes, sugarcane and vegetables of various kinds. Macon is the second larg est peach-growing county in the state. In one season 450 carloads were shipped from the town of Marshallville alone. A little long leaf pine timber is left and there are some hard-woods, the latter being used chiefly for making fruit boxes and crates. Several canning and packing establishments do a good business and there are a number of flour mills along the Flint river, where there is an abundance of water-power. Over 20,000 bales of cotton are annually shipped from the county. Oglethorpe is the county seat, and Montezuma and Marshallville are thriving towns. The Fort Valley & Americus division of the Central of Georgia railroad runs through the county from north to south and a branch of the At lantic & Birmingham runs southeast from Oglethorpe, giving good transportation facilities. In 1900 the population was 14,093, an increase of 910 during the preceding decade. At that time there were three high schools and 52 public schools in operation. 
Madden, Dr. James M., was born in St. Marks, Fix, in July, 1840, and his early life was spent in his native state. At the age of seventeen he began the : study of medicine at Newport, Fla., un der the noted physician, Doctor Mataeu. : A year or so later entered Tulane uni;! versity, Louisiana, where he graduated : with distinction. He practiced medicine ; but a short time when his country called him; he promptly answered the call, and was among the first to enlist. He was assigned a position in the hospital at Richmond, Va., and later was transferred to Staunton. He was in the Sixty-ninth Virginia regiment, and remained at his post serving faithfully his country until the end came, when he with his comrades laid down their arms, overpowered, but not vanquished. Like many another saddened Confederate, he turned his face home ward and tried to retrieve the fortune lost. All was confusion in Florida and in other states at that time, but he had youth, strength and unbounded courage. He resumed his practice pf medicine and soon fortune smiled upon him. He was a successful physician and surgeon. His practice extended far from home, and upon one of his visits to a patient in Waynesboro, Burke county, Ga.; he met a charming young widow, Mrs. Maria Morris Mclntosh. It was a 
33-11 
 
 514 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
case of mutual attraction, and in a few months they married and 
 
moved to Brunswick, Ga, ; This was in 1868. From that time he 
 
made Brunswick his home.: He gave up the practice of medicine, 
 
went into the banking business, in which he soon accumulated a 
 
handsome property and became one of the leading men in the -city. 
 
He organized and became president of the Merchants and Traders 
 
bank, and held other positions of trust and honor. He was a man 
 
of handsome appearance, tall and finely proportioned. His man 
 
ner was cordial and dignified, he was loyal to friends and apprecia 
 
tive of kindness. He invested heavily in real estate and was one 
 
of the wealthiest men in the city. Everything he touched seemed 
 
to prosper. His last two years were years of suffering. He at 
 
tended John Hopkins hospital to be treated, but his health; never 
 
returned. Just before the end he seemed better and went out for 
 
a drive. He seemed much brighter and stronger and his wife, who 
 
was his faithful nurse, was greatly encouraged and very hopeful. 
 
But the end came when :. they little dreamed. The drive that 
 
morning was fatal, as the horse became frightened and ran a 
 
short distance, throwing him out. He fell with much force and 
 
lived only a short time afterwards. He leaves a devoted wife and 
 
three children, Mrs. Samuel B. Hatcher, of Columbus, Ga., Mrs. 
 
Ralph B. Tupper, of Brunswick, Ga., and James Morris Madden, 
 
of Jacksonville, Fla. He was buried from the Presbyterian church, 
 
of which he was a member. The unusually large and beautiful 
 
floral offerings lovingly testified the esteem of friends. The vet 
 
erans paid their last farewell, and with furled banner :and bowed 
 
heads followed him to his last resting place. .One rnore of:their 
 
number has "crossed over to rest under the shade of the trees." 
 
Maddox, John Robert, is a representa- 
 
.:::;5:i:i:i:;;i:H:i;::B;H:H;;|:HjH::,, 
 
tive member of the bar of Rockdale 
 
county, being engaged in the practice of 
 
his profession at Conyers, the county 
 
seat.- He was born in that part of New 
 
ton county which is now included in 
 
Roekdale county,. Ga., April 16, 1859, and 
 
is:; a: Son of Capt, Notley Warren and 
 
Rachel (Selfridge) Maddox. When he 
 
was about six years of age his parents 
 
removed from the farm to the village of 
 
Conyers, and in the local schools he was 
 
prepared for college, continuing his at 
 
tendance in the common schools, under able instructors, Prof. R. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
515 
 
A. Gilmer and Rev. John F. McClelland, until he had attained the age of fifteen years. His health proved delicate, however, and this prevented his entering college, his father sending him at the ad vice of Dr. C. H. Turner to the farm for the purpose of recuperat ing his energies. In his twentieth year he was for one year a student in the high school, and since that time he has been de pendent upon his own resources, having been in a significant sense the artificer of his own fortunes. At the age of twenty-two years he became identified with the newspaper business in Conyers, as sociating himself with Col. Marcus DeWitt Irwin in the editing and publishing of the Conyers Solid South, in the columns of which, as Mr. Maddox himself expresses it, they "blew hot and cold" for a period of five years. ; The paper is still in publication, though under another title. For two years after disposing of his interest in this newspaper enterprise Mr. Maddox was not actively engaged in business. In 1887-8 he worked in: a local printing office, and then became associated in the publication of the Rockdale Banner. On December 1, 1890, he was elected mayor of Conyers, remaining incumbent of this office two years. In September, 1893, he was admitted to the bar of Rockdale county, under Judge Rich ard H. Clarke. From 1893 until 1898 he was in the law office of and associated with Judge George W. Gleston, and then made his independent venture in the practical work of his chosen profes sion, for which he had well fortified himself. He is now associated in practice with Judge A. C. McCalla, and they maintain an office in the city of Atlanta as well as in ; Conyers. Mr. Maddox has been an earnest worker in his profession and his life has been charac terized by absolute integrity and:: by a definite and worthy: pur pose. While his experiences ha:ve been varied, and often trying, they have served as developing agencies, and have conspired to bring to him a due measure of success in his continued endeavors. Representatives of both his fathers and mothers families were found arrayed as valiant soldiers of the Confederacy during the Civil war, his father having been captain of Company G, Fortysecond Georgia state troops. Mr. Maddox does not boast of ex traordinary heroism on the part of his kinsmen but he feels a sense cf pride in their unbroken devotion and inviolable loyalty to the Confederacy in the great conflict between the states. In August, 1875, Mr. Maddox united with the Presbyterian church in Con yers, and in September,: 1895, he was ordained and installed as an elder in this church, being one of its zealous and valued members. His unequivocal allegiance is accorded to the Democratic party, 
 
 516 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
and he has been more or less active as a worker in the party ranks during the various campaigns. On Dec. 28, 1887, Mr. Maddox was united in marriage to Miss Ella Davidson, of Newton county, and she was summoned to the life eternal on Oct. 12, 1889. On June 15, 1893, he married Miss Mattie B. Thompson, of Amherst, Va., and she died on Aug. 11, 1894. On Sept. 23, 1896, Mr. Mad dox married Mrs. Vannie (Fowler) Ouigg, of Conyers, and they have two sons Warren and Martin, twins, and a daughter, Rachel May. 
Maddox, John W., representative in Congress, a prominent mem ber of the bar of Rome, Floyd county, and an honored veteran of the Confederate service in ;the Civil war, was born in Chattooga county, Ga., June 3, 1848, a; son of George B. and Sarah A. (Dickson) Maddox, the former born in Greene county, and the latter in Dekalb county, Ga. Josiah E. Maddox, grandfather of the sub ject of this sketch, was a native of Virginia, whence he removed to Georgia and settled in Greene county in 1818. His father was a Continental soldier in the war of the Revolution. The maternal great-grandfathers of Mr. I Maddox were both natives of North Carolina and active participants in the Revolution. John W. Mad dox was reared to manhood in his native county and in his youth received a common-school education, which he has since effectively supplemented through individual study and wide experience with men and affairs. In August, 1863, when but fifteen years of age, he tendered his services in defense of the Confederacy by enlisting as a private in Company E, Sixth Georgia cavalry, with which he took part in the memorable battle of Chickamauga and the various other engagements; of Gen. Joe Wheelers cavalry until Feb. 14, 1865, when he received a wound that disqualified him for further service in the field, and was given his honorable discharge. After the war he was finally led to take up the study of law, for which he had a seemingly natural predilection. He was admitted to the bar in September, 1877, since which time the greater portion of his attention has been given to the work of his profession, in which he has been most successful, and he has been called to dis tinguished offices of public :trust by the people of his native state. His unwavering allegiance lias been given to the Democratic party from the time when he attained his majority. He served as mayor of Summerville, Chattooga;: county; was a member of the board of road and revenues of said county; was a representative of that county in the state legislature two terms; was state senator from the forty-second district one term; was district judge of the Rome 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
517 
 
circuit six years; and represented the seventh district of the state in congress for twelve years, his last term ending in March, 1905. In a fraternal way he is identified with the Masonic order. On Aug. 15, 1872, Judge Maddox was married to Miss Frances Eliza beth, daughter of H. D. C. Edmondson, of Summerville, Ga., and the children of this union are as follows: Berta, wife of L. O. Hand, of Rome; G. E., engaged in the practice of law in that city; John D., a successful lawyer in Los Angeles, Cal.; Linton, an electrical engineer in Savannah; Frank R., a chemist, residing in Fulaski, Va.; James, attending school in Atlanta; and Robert, a student in the Rome schools. 
Maddox, Robert F. Atlanta was an enterprising town of some 15,000 inhabitants when Col. Robert Flournoy Maddox, attracted by the wide-awake spirit of the progressive young metropolis, came up from LaGrange to identify himself with the forces of de velopment which were then busily at work at this place. If the change of residence was fortunate for Col. Maddox it was equally as fortunate for Atlanta, because in the person of this resource ful and robust business man Atlanta secured an important acquisi tion. Even before the war Col. Maddox was an active agent in promoting whatever promised to advance the welfare of the city, but it was not until after the war that his influential position in the world of finance enabled him to do his best work in this re spect. Public-spirited and enterprising he was always ready to put aside his own personal interests to serve the cause of his fel low citizens, while out of his private means he always responded cheerfully and generously to every call which the community made upon him. Men like Col. Maddox have made Atlanta what she is today. They have blazed out her pathway of progress and have been her pillars of strength. Happy for Atlanta that she has had so many of them. Col. Maddox was born in Putnam county, Ga., on Jan. 3j 1829, of sturdy Scotch parentage. His father was Edward Maddox, an enterprising planter, who moved from Troup county to Putnam early in the century and married Mary F. Sale, of Lincoln county, Ga. Notley Maddox, his paternal grandfather, was an officer in the war for American independence. From his parents Col. ; Maddox acquired the traits of character which are usually strongly accentuated in the Scotch, viz., in tegrity, sturdiness and ipiety, and throughout his long career he illustrated them with peculiar force. On the farm he laid the foundations of the vigorous health, which he enjoyed for so many years of his life, and which enabled him to accomplish so many 
 
 518 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
difficult undertakings, requiring physical capacity of endurance as well as mental and moral equipment of the very highest order. He was given the benefit of : excellent academic advantages, and he supplemented what he learned at school by keeping his eyes open and cultivating his powers of observation. He possessed the rare faculty of being able to assimilate what he learned, and when he started out in life he "was well equipped for success. Locating in LaGrange, Ga., in 1851, he was shortly afterward elected sher iff, but subsequently gave up this office to become county treas urer. But his chief interests were centered in merchandising and he was more than ordinarily successful in conducting his business affairs. During his residence in LaGrange he served in the city council with such men as Benjamin H. Hill, John E. Morgan, Judge Bigham and others who were destined some few years later to figure with prominence in state politics. Being impressed with the idea that Atlanta was the coming metropolis of the state, Col. Maddox made the place his: home in 1858, and until the.outbreak of the war in 1861 he was actively identified with the interests of his adopted home, having taken his place from the start in the forefront of Atlantas enterprising business men. As soon as hos tilities began he closed up his store with patriotic promptness and organized the Calhoun Guards, of which he was made captain. Shortly afterward Governor Brown placed him temporarily in charge of 6,000 troops at Camp McDonald. In 1862 he was made lieutenant-colonel of the Forty-second Georgia regiment and in 1863 colonel of the Third Georgia reserves. Intrepid as an officer, he was distinguished throughout his four years service at the front by his uncompromising devotion to the cause of the South as well as by his daring gallantry in defense of the flag. On either side of the line there were :few better soldiers than Col. Maddox and none braver. Returning to Atlanta at the close of the war he was confronted with the: necessity of starting life anew with out one cent of money in his pocket, but, undismayed by the out look, he went to work with;: characteristic determination, resolved to pluck success from the ruins which everywhere confronted him, and how well he succeeded; let the story of his subsequent life tell. Rapidly getting on his feet again, he was elected in 1866 to represent Fulton county:;in the legislature, and while serving in this capacity, was appointed by Governor Jenkins as state agent to buy food for the destitute sufferers under an appropriation of $200,000 made by the state, and in return for his faithful perform ance of this duty he received the cordial personal thanks of the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
519 
 
chief executive. Subsequently Col. Maddox rendered the city im portant service in both branches of the council, especially in the lower, where he served as chairman of the finance committee, and besides wiping out the citys floating debt, succeeded in reducing the rate of interest from 18 to 7 per cent. Until 1879 he was en gaged in the cotton business, and dealt in such side lines as tobacco and fertilizers, but in 1879 he organized the Maddox-Rucker Banking Company, which was eventually built up into one of the strongest financial institutions of the South and which he served as president until the time of his death. But while the banking "business absorbed most ofhis time, he was interested in various other enterprises, all of which brought him successful results. From 1889 to 1891 he was president of the Atlanta and Florida rail road. Punctilious in all of his business engagements, he enjoyed the confidence of his business associates and the esteem of his fellow citizens. He never swerved from the path of the strictest rectitude, and though, he accumulated an immense fortune there were no dirty shillings in the splendid legacy which he bequeathed to his children, no stain upon the honored record which he left behind him at the close of his long and useful career. In 1860 Col. Maddox was united in marriage to Miss Nancy Reynolds, daughter of Col. Permedus Reynolds, one of the leading citizens of Newton county. Mrs. Maddox died in 1890. Two children, both of whom survive,. were the fruit of this union: Robert F., Jr., now vice-president :of the Maddox-Rucker Banking Company, and Eula M., wife of Henry Si Jackson, son of the late Justice Howell Jackson of the United States supreme court bench. Col. Maddox died at his home in Atlanta on June 6, 1899, having reached his seventy-first year, and the entire community was plunged in the deepest grief over the loss occasioned by his death. He was an active member of the First Methodist church and was as liberal in his religious benefactions as in the support of public enterprises. 
Maddox, Robert Foster, vice-president of the Maddox-Rucker Banking Company, Atlanta, was born in that city, April 4, 1870, and is a.son of Col. Robert F. and Nancy (Reynolds) Maddox, the former of whom was born in LaGrange, Troup county, and the latter in Covington, Newton county, Ga. Notley Maddox, paternal great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a patriot soldier in the war of the Revolution. Col. Robert F. Maddox, a sketch of whose life precedes this:, was lieutenant-colonel of the Forty-second Georgia Volunteer infantry in the Civil war, and afterward be- 
 
 520 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
came one of Atlantas most honored and influential citizens. In- 
 
1880 he founded the Maddox-Rucker Banking Company, one of the 
 
solid and popular financial concerns of the city of Atlanta, and he 
 
continued president of the bank until his 
 
death,- June G, 1899. Robert F. Maddox,. 
 
the subject of this sketch, was afforded 
 
the: advantages of the Atlanta schools and 
 
then attended the University of Georgia 
 
until 1887, when he was matriculated in 
 
famous old Harvard university, Cam 
 
bridge, Mass. He has been identified 
 
with the Maddox-Rucker Banking Com 
 
pany since 1889, entering the same in the 
 
capacity of collector, and since that time 
 
he has advanced through all the executive 
 
grades to the position of which he is now 
 
the incumbent, that of vice-president of the institution, while he also 
 
controls other capitalistic interests of much importance. He has 
 
served as a director in many bf the fairs and expositions held in At 
 
lanta and other parts of the! South, and formerly served as vice- 
 
president of the Southern Inter-State fair association. In 1903-3 he 
 
was chairman of the executive council of the Georgia bankers asso 
 
ciation, and he has been vice-president of the American bankers 
 
association. He is president :of the Atlanta chamber of commerce, 
 
treasurer of the Old Dominion Guano Company, treasurer of the 
 
associated charities of Atlanta, trustee of the Grady hospital and 
 
also the Atlanta medical college. He is a stanch supporter of the 
 
cause of the Democratic party, and is a member of the board of 
 
stewards of the First Methodist Episcopal church South, of Atlanta. 
 
On June 12, 1895, Mr. Maddox was united in marriage to Miss 
 
Lollie Baxter, daughter of Nathaniel and Laura Lavender Baxter of 
 
Nashville, Term. They haveStwo children, Robert Foster, Jr., and 
 
Nathan Baxter. 
 
; 
 
Madison, the county seat of Morgan county, is located near the 
 
center of the county, at the junction of the Atlanta & Augusta divi 
 
sion of the Georgia railway and the Macon & Athens line of the 
 
Central of Georgia. It was Incorporated as a city in 1866 and in 
 
1890 its charter was amended./Jit is one of the most beautiful 
 
cities in the state, being located on a ridge which divides the 
 
waters of Hard Labor and Sugar creeks, the former flowing into 
 
the Appalachee river and the" latter into the Oconee. Besides the 
 
county buildings there are express and telegraph service, a money 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
521 
 
order postoffice with rural free delivery, three banks, a cotton com 
 
press, a large flour mill, factories turning out spokes, handles,, 
 
soap, ice, cotton seed oil, fertilizers, a large creamery, electric light 
 
plant, water works and both public and private schools. Madison 
 
is the central market for the cotton of a considerable territory, 
 
handling as high as 20,000 bales a year in good seasons. Before 
 
the war the Methodist and Baptist denominations had each a col 
 
lege for young ladies here. They still have schools of advanced 
 
grades, and the Presbyterians have established an institution of 
 
similar character. The population in 1900 was 1,992 in the town 
 
proper, and that of the entire militia district was 2,888. In 1864 a 
 
raid of Federal cavalry was made through this part of the state 
 
and the Madison Cotton Mills, which were operated by steam 
 
power and had been doing successful business for some years, 
 
were destroyed by fire. 
 
Madison County was laid out from Oglethorpe, Clarke, Jackson, 
 
Franklin and Elbert counties in 1811. It was enlarged by the ad 
 
dition of a part of Clarke in 1813 ; parts of Elbert and Franklin in 
 
1819; a part of Franklin in 1823; of Clarke in 1829, and of Ogle 
 
thorpe in 1831. It was named for James Madison, fourth president 
 
of the United States. It lies in the northeastern part of the 
 
state, and is bounded by Franklin and Banks counties on the north, 
 
Hart on the northeast, Elbert on the east, Oglethorpe on the 
 
south, Clarke on the southwest, and Jackson on the west. Sev 
 
eral streams flow across :-the surface and the soil along their courses 
 
is very fertile. Corn, wheat, oats, rye, sweet and Irish potatoes, 
 
field and ground peas and some cotton are raised. Tobacco with 
 
proper attention, does well and :all kinds of vegetables, fruits.!.and 
 
berries thrive. The forests consist of the long leaf pine and various 
 
hardwoods common to the section. Gold has been found in Broad 
 
river, and iron, granite and quartz are common. The water-power 
 
is excellent but little is used. The Seaboard Air Line, arid, the 
 
Smithonia, Danielsville: & Carnesville railroads give good facili 
 
ties for transportation. Danielsville is the county seat, Carlton,. 
 
Comer, Dowdy, Colbert, Fort Lamar and Paoli are other towns. 
 
The population of the county in 1900 was 13,224, a gain of 2,200- 
 
since the census, of 1890. 
 
Madras, a village of Coweta county, is on the Atlanta & West 
 
Point railroad, about six miles northeast of Newrian. It has a 
 
money order postoffice,: with rural free delivery, some mercantile 
 
concerns, and is a shipping point of some importance to that part 
 
of the county. 
 
: 
 
 .522 
 
CYCEOEEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Maggie, a post-hamlet of Pike county, is on the Flint river, six 
 
or seven miles west of .Reidsboro, which is the most convenient 
 
railroad station; 
 
Magnesia. In the northwestern part of the state there are large 
 
quantities of dolomite in the form of crystalline marbles and the 
 
hard tjiagngsian limestones. This dolomite is a double carbonate 
 
of raagnesia and lime and is: used for the manufacture of magnesia 
 
ambits various salts, which are extensively used in pharmaceutical 
 
preparations, but the deposits have not as yet become of any com 
 
mercial importance. 
 
Magnolia, a village of Mitchell county, is about eight miles east 
 
of Camilla. It has a money order postoffice and is a trading cen 
 
ter for the neighbrohood in which it is located. (See Homerville). 
 
Malatche, Indian Chief; (See Musgrove, Mary). 
 
Malbone, a post-village; of Bartow county, is near the Etowah 
 
river, about half-way between. Cartersville and Stilesboro, which 
 
are the nearest railroad stations. 
 
Maiden Branch, a post-village of Bryan county, reported a popu 
 
lation of G2 in 1900. It is a little south of the Seaboard Air Line 
 
railway, about three miles east of Lanier, which is the nearest 
 
railroad station. 
 
; : ; 
 
Mallory, a post-hamlet of Morgan county, is about seven miles 
 
north of Madison and four southwest of Apalachee, which is the 
 
nearest railroad station. ; 
 
 Manahan, Manning Willis, M. D., one 
 
of the prominent and able representa 
 
tives of the homoeopathic school of med 
 
icine in the state of Georgia, controls a 
 
large and prosperous professional busi 
 
ness in the city of Atlanta, having his 
 
offices in the Grand Opera House build- 
 
irig. He claims the old Buckeye state 
 
a| the place of his nativity, having been 
 
b0m in Hartland township, Huron 
 
county, Ohio, Jan. 5, 1859. He is a son 
 
ol George W. and L. Sophia (Morse) 
 
Manahan, the former of whom was born 
 
in Cayuga county, N. Y., Oct. 1, 1812, and the latter in Venice, 
 
that county, March 18, 1818, The father died in East Orange, N. 
 
J., in February, 1891, and the mother died in Norwalk, Ohio, in 
 
September, 1894. The doctors paternal grandfather was Thomas 
 
Manahan, who was born on ;Long Island, N. Y., Dec. 25, 1773, and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
523 
 
who died in Hartland, Ohio, Dec. 3, 1858. He married Violetta Silcox, who was born in Flanders, N. J., Jan. 7, 1779, being a daughter of Henry and Sally Silcox, who afterwards moved to what is now Elizabeth, N. J. She died in Norwalk, Ohio, Dec. 19, 1873. Her father distinguished himself during the Revolutionary war, as a trusted follower of the great Washington. He was a lineal descendant of Captain Luce, who was born in 1680 and who was an officer in the British army in the war of 1712 between England and France. Captain Luce died in 1765. L. Sophia (Morse) Manahan was a daughter of Judge Isaac Morse, who was. born in New Haven, Conn., Feb . 8, 1783, and who died at Venice, Cayuga county, N. Y., July 14, 18:64. Judge: Morse was descended from Rev. Jedediah Morse, a distinguished clergyman of the Con gregational church and prominent as a geographer. There: were three brothers in this family, Samuel F. B. Morse, the inventor of telegraphy, and Sidney Edwards Morse, a prominent American journalist, inventor and; geographer. Doctor Manahan was grad uated in the classical course in the high school at Norwalk, Ohio, and later took a university course. In March, 1882, he was gradu ated in Cleveland Homoeopathic, hospital college, where he secured his degree of Doctor of Medicine, and also the first clinical prize, receiving honorable mention for a. very high percentage in his class examinations. He has attained to distinction and prestige in his profession and has been engaged: in the practice of the same in At lanta since 1882. He is-a member of the American institute of homoeopathy, the Southern homoeopathic medical association, and the Atlanta medical club. He is ex-president of the United States board of pension examiners at Atlanta; has been medical examiner for a number of life-insurance: companies, and for a number of years has served as surgeon to the Commercial Travelers Mutual Accident association of America, surgeon to Iowa State Traveling Mens association, also: holding a similar position with the: Inter national Travelers association, of Dallas, Tex. He is a charter member of Gate City Lodge, No. 2, Free and Accepted Masons, of Atlanta, and was reared in the faith of the Presbyterian church, but is. tolerant and liberal in his religious views. On Sept. 21, 1881, Doctor Manahan was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Estelle Walker, daughter of George R. and Lucyra (Scott) Walker, of Norwalk, Ohio, where her father is a prominent attorney at law. Dr. and Mrs. Manahan became the parents of two children, both of whom are now deceased: George Leroy was born in.Norwalk, Ohio, Jan. 22, 1883, and died in Pensacola, Fla., March 3, 1886; 
 
 52-i 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Manning Maurice was born in Atlanta, Ga., Aug. 3, 1885, and died 
 
July 26, 1888. 
 
Manassas, a town in Tattnall county, is on the Seaboard Air 
 
Line railway, about half-way between Collins and Hagan. The 
 
population in 1900 was 186.: It has a money order postoffice, with 
 
rural free delivery, express, and telegraph offices, stores, schools, 
 
churches, etc., and is a shipping point of considerable importance. 
 
Mandeville, a post-hamlet of Carroll county, is a station on the 
 
Central of Georgia railway, about half-way between Bremen and 
 
Carrollton. 
 
Manganese. One of the-most important ores of manganese is 
 
pyrolusite, used in the preparation of oxygen gas, with which it 
 
parts at a red heat, and in the manufacture of glass. Another im 
 
portant form is psilomelane, an amorphous mineral, consisting 
 
chiefly of the proto- and sesquioxides of manganese and the protox 
 
ide of barium. In both these forms manganese is found in the 
 
northwestern portion of the; state. It is extensively mined in Bar- 
 
tow and Floyd counties and is found in deposits of less propor 
 
tions in all the counties in the Paleozoic area. In the Cave Spring 
 
district the ores are found in connection with iron in several locali 
 
ties, the most important deposits of this character beginning in. 
 
Polk county and extending eight or ten miles northeastward 
 
toward the Etowah river. Manganese and manganiferous iron 
 
also occur in the narrow Knox basin, west of Cave Spring, and at 
 
other places in the district; In the Barnsley district the ore is 
 
found in the deep red or chocolate colored loam on the low ridges 
 
along Toms creek. Fifty tons were taken from one pit twenty 
 
feet deep in this belt. From a point west of Tunnelhill, in Whit- 
 
field county, a chain of manganese bearing ridges runs northeast 
 
ward into Tennessee. Extensive openings have been made in the 
 
deposits along this chain about three miles from Tunnelhill by 
 
the Catoosa Mining Company. The annual output of the entire 
 
state varies from 3,000 to 10,000 tons, with a value of about $6 to 
 
a ton. 
 
i; 
 
Mann, James Tift, one of ^Georgias promising young attorneys, 
 
is engaged in the practice of his profession in his native city of 
 
Albany, Dougherty county, where he was born on March 34, 1880. 
 
He is a son of W. D. and Irene (Tift) Mann, the former a native 
 
of Virginia and the latter of; Albany. The father is now engaged 
 
in the real estate business in Albany, and is a prominent and hon 
 
ored sitizen of Dougherty county. The mother is a daughter of Col. 
 
Nelson Tift, the founder of Albany and for many years prominent 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
525 
 
in Georgia affairs. A sketch of his life appears elsewhere in this work. James T. Mann was a student for three years in the Univer sity of the South at Sewanee, Tenn., and"then entered the law de 
partment of the University of Georgia, 
in which he was graduated as a member 
of the class of 1900. He was admitted to 
the bar soon after leaving the university 
and has since been established in the 
practice of his profession in his native 
city, where he has won a high standing 
at the bar.: He is a stanch supporter of 
the principles and policies of the Demo 
cratic party, in behalf of which he is an 
active and effective worker. He is at the 
present time a member of the Georgia 
house of representatives, for the term of 1905-6. In that body he occupies the important position of chairman of military affairs, and he rendered the people of his state a signal service as co-author and one of the champions of the bill abolishing negro militia. He also secured the passage of a bill appropriating $100,000 for the state militia, in whose welfare he is much interested. In June, 1900, he enlisted as a private in Company E, Fourth infantry, Georgia state troops, and in 1902 was promoted to the captaincy of his company. On Jan. 1, 190G, he was made lieutenant-colonel and judge advocategeneral of the National; Guard of Georgia. On the same date he was made city attorney of Albany. He is also a member of the Albany board of police commissioners and treasurer of the Albany chamber of commerce. In a fraternal way he belongs to the Sigma Alpha Epsilon college fraternity and the Benevolent and Protec tive Order of Elks, and: in religious belief is a communicant of the 
Protestant Episcopal church. 
Manor, a village of Ware county, reported a population of 100 in 1900. It is on the Atlantic Coast Line railway, about five miles east of the Clinch county line, has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, and is a trading and shipping point for that 
part of the county. Mansfield, a village in the eastern part of Newton county, is on 
the Covington & Milledgeville division of the Central of Georgia railroad. It has a money order postoffice, from which several routes supply mail to the surrounding rural districts, and is a trad ing and shipping center of some importance to that part of the 
 
 526 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
county. It was incorporated by act of the legislature on July 22, 1903. 
Manufacturers Association. On May 7, 1895, a number of the leading manufacturers of the state met and formed an association for the purpose of advancing their interests by the following methods, as set forth in the resolutions at that time adopted: 1 Collection, compilation and distribution of reliable statistics and special information regarding the progress and possibilities of manufacturing in Georgia. 2--Education of the producer to an intelligent knowledge of the fact that the manufacturer is not, as the politician teaches, his enemy, but a friend who develops a home market for his product. 3 Equitable adjustment of freight and insurance rates. 4 Enactment of just and liberal laws for the pro tection of both private and; corporate capital, and for the promo tion of manufacturing in the state. 5 Promotion of a patriotic spirit among our people that shall encourage them to patronize home industries. Since its; organization the association has done a great deal of work along the lines indicated and much of the ad vancement in the manufacturing industries is due to its efforts. (See Textile Manufacturers! Association). 
Manufacturing. -The first effort to get authentic statistics con cerning the manufacturing ^interests of the United States was at the third national census in 1810. At that time the manufactured products of Georgia and the two Carolinas exceeded in both va riety and value those of all ;the New England States. During the next fifty years, although the growth in this line in the Southern States was very great, the Eastern States forged to the front and became the manufacturing center of the country. In 1860 there were 1,890 establishments hi Georgia, with a capital of $10,890,875, in round numbers, and a I product of nearly $17,000,000. The decade from 1860 to 1870 witnessed the state ravaged by contend ing armies and involved in such disaster that for the time it would seem development was utterly impossible. Yet in 1870 the num ber of establishments had multiplied to 3,836 and the value of the output that year was over $31,000,000. Many small industries, such as the manufacture of brooms, boxes and cooperage, had been started in various parts of the state, while in the larger cities were cotton and woolen mills, tanneries, iron works, sash and door fac tories, etc. Since the war the manufacturing interests have made steady progress. There has been no boom, but a constant growth that betokens stability. Old factories have been rehabilitated and new ones, equipped with the most approved appliances, have been 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
527 
 
founded. According to the census of 1900 there were in the state 7,504 establishments, with an invested capital of $89,789,656, the value of the annual product being $106,654,527. The average num ber of employes was 83,842 and the amount paid in wages was $20,290,071. The increase in the number of establishments over 1890 was 57 per cent, and the increase in the value of the product was nearly 55 per cent. In 1900 Georgia stood first in the pro duction of turpentine and rosin and second in oil, cotton seed and cake. The principal articles of manufacture were cotton goods, timber products, iron and steel goods and vehicles. There were reported 194 establishmentsfor the manufacture of iron and steel; 87 foundries and machine shops; 21 furniture factories; 99; sash and door factories; 32 car shops and 132 carriage and wagon fac tories. But the greatest increase was in the textile industries. In this line the growth from 1890 to 1900 was unparalleled in all parts of the country, but the most of it was in the cotton manu facturing interests of the South. In his report for the year 1901 the commissioner of agriculture says: "For the year from Sept. 1, 1899, to Sept. 1, 1900, the growth of the cotton industry in Geor gia was beyond all precedent. Many new mills were put in opera tion and many others were in process of construction on Sept. 1, 1900. By Jan. 1, 1900, there were in operation in Georgia 75 mills with 913,346 spindles, and 21,903 looms. The value of these fac tories was $15,614,000. : By Sept. 1, 1900, there had been com pleted 12 new factories and 24 others were approaching comple tion." By the same report the 111 mills, when in full operation, would have 1,192,486 spindles and 26,645 looms. As an illustra tion of the growth of the cotton manufacturing industry the cen sus of 1880 gave Georgias consumption of cotton as 71,389 bales. In 1890 this had reached 145,859 bales and in 1900 it was 304,431 bales, or about one-fourth the entire crop of the state. As the pro duction of cotton goods has gone forward the manufacture of tex tiles from wool has decreased. In 1870 there were 46 woolen mills in successful operation.: With the decline in sheep-raising and a corresponding decrease in the native wool product this number of mills had decreased to 32 in 1880; to 18 in 1890, and to 14 in 1900. In 1890 there were four mills equipped for the manufacture of hosiery and knit goods and in 1900 the number had increased to 16. Most of these mills use both wool and cotton. Within late years a new industry of great importance to the farmers in the South has come into existence, viz.: the production of cotton seed oil and meal. A few years ago the only certain revenue the farmer 
 
 528 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
received from the cotton crop was: from the lint. In 1860 the cen 
 
sus department first took notice of cotton seed oil. In 1870 there 
 
were 26 establishments reporting its manufacture, with a product 
 
of $2,305,610. In.1880 the number of mills had increased to 45 
 
and in 1890 to 119, the product meanwhile having grown to the 
 
value of $19,335,947. Of these mills 17 were located in Georgia. 
 
In 1900 there were 43 mills in the state, with a capital of $4,098,668, 
 
employing 1,591 hands and turning out a product worth $8,064,112. 
 
This was more, than the product of the whole country in 1880. In 
 
addition to the articles already mentioned Georgia manufactures 
 
large quantities of flour and wheat products, brick, tile and pot 
 
tery, roofing and paving materials, lime, cement, marble and gran 
 
ite monuments and ornamental istone for building purposes, canned 
 
.goods, artificial ice, coffins, etc. : No other state in the Union uses 
 
so large an amount of chemical: fertilizer, much of which is manu 
 
factured at home. In 1880 there were only three fertilizer fac 
 
tories in the state, and these employed but 67 men. Reports from 
 
41 establishments in the census of 1900 show a capital of $6,663,- 
 
618, a product of $3,367,353, and 1,126 employes who received in 
 
wages $293,887. This report was evidently very incomplete, as 
 
the commissioner of agriculture gives the number of establish 
 
ments in October, 1899, at 110, besides 30 concerns from other 
 
states that maintained warehouses in Georgia. There is no rea 
 
son why the progress in all lines of manufacture should not be 
 
greater in the future. The cost of living in the South is consid 
 
erably less than at the North, as the expense of fuel and heavy 
 
winter clothing is almost eliminated. For this reason the laborer 
 
can live in comfort on less wages and at the same time not live 
 
in a manner inferior to his fellow-workmen in the Northern 
 
States. 
 
? 
 
Marble, a post-village of Cqlquitt county, is on the Georgia 
 
Northern railroad, about six miles northwest of Moultrie. 
 
Marble. Long before the white man learned the extent or value 
 
of the Georgia marble deposits the Cherokee Indian used the stone 
 
for making bowls and other utensils. The belt in which most of 
 
the marble is found is about sixty miles wide, along the region of 
 
contact between the Crystalline and Paleozoic areas. It enters 
 
the state from North Carolina, in Fannin county, and extends in a 
 
southwesterly direction through the counties of Gilmer, Pickens 
 
and Cherokee for almost a hundred miles. In the counties of Un 
 
ion and Habersham on the east of this belt some marble of the 
 
variegated variety is found, while on the west, in the counties of 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
529 
 
Floyd, Gordon, Murray and Whitfield, there are semi-crystalline limestones, which in some respects resemble marble. In Catoosa are quarries from which are taken huge monoliths, suitable for col umns, while near the town of Calhoun, Gordon county, are fine specimens of black and variegated marble. The first quarries were opened in Pickens county, not far from the town of Tate, in 1840. Four years later another quarry was opened about two miles east of Jasper, but after a short season was abandoned until 1854, when it was reopened and operated until the outbreak of the war in 1861. After the war it was worked for about "two years, after which it was allowed to lie idle until 1885. It then passed into the hands of the Perseverance Marble Company, which equipped a plant with modern machinery and since then it has been one. of the leading producers. Early quarrymen used explosives and the blasts shattered the stone so that much of it was wasted. In 1884 the Georgia Marble Company was organized with a capital of $1,500,000. This company acquired control of some 7,000 acres of marble lands, constructed a railroad from the quarries to the Marietta & North Georgia railway, (Now the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern) shaped up the ragged holes, introduced channeling machines and takes out regularly .shaped blocks, some of which weigh from eight to ten tons. The output of the quarries has stead ily increased until the value of the annual product approximates $1,000,000 and Georgia marble has come to be recognized all over the country as one of the most superior building stones known. Among the public buildings in which it has been used may be men tioned the Federal building at Boston; the state capitols of Min nesota and Rhode Island; St. Lukes Hospital, New York; the Corcoran Art Gallery at Washington, while numerous fine office buildings in various parts ;of the Union are either built of or dec orated with the products of the Georgia quarries and mills. Geor gia stands second only to: Vermont as a marble producing state, and when it is considered: that most of the formers progress has been made within the last twenty years, while Vermont has been in the business for a century, it is safe to predict that within an other generation the first honors will travel southward and Geor gia will rank second to none. 
Marble Hill, a town in Pickens county, takes its name from the deposits of marble in the :vicinity. It is about four miles east of Tate, which is the nearest railroad station, and in 1900 reported a population of 150. It has a money order postoffice and is the principal trading point for that part of the county. 
34-11 
 
 530 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Margret, a post-hamlet in the southeastern part of Fannin county, is on the Toccoa river, about fifteen miles from Blueridge, which is the nearest railroad station, 
Marietta, the county seat of Cobb county, at an altitude of 1,100 above the sea level, blessed with pure water and a delightful climate and noted as a health resort, is located on the Western & Atlantic or State railroad, about twenty miles from Atlanta. It was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1834, and has long been noted as an enterprising city with a progressive population. It is lighted by electricity,; has good hotels and boarding houses, prosperous commercial houses, express and telegraph offices, a money-order postoffice with rural free delivery, a court house val ued at $40,000, two banks and many fine residences. Among the manufacturing concerns are two chair factories, a paper mill, mar ble and granite works, ice ifactory, machine shops, and a knitting mill. One of the chair factories and the paper mill are said to be the largest concerns of the ; kind in the state. An electric railway connects Marietta with Atlanta and will soon be completed to Kennesaw Mountain, two and one half miles beyond the city. Before the, war between the states the site of the Georgia military in stitute was at Mariettta, and many of the young men trained in this school became officers of ability in the army of the Confeder ate States. Marietta has good schools and churches. There is a Confederate cemetery on the west side of the city and on the east side a National cemetery, both beautifully laid out and well-kept. In the National cemetery lie buried 10,000 Federal soldiers who lost their lives south of the Etowah in the campaign between Sherman and Johnston in 1864.:: In full view of Marietta stands dou ble-peaked Kennesaw Mountain, from whose summit one can take in a magnificent view of the country, over which for six weeks the Union and Confederate armies met daily in skirmishes and pitched battles. (See Kennesaw Mountain). According to the United States census of 1900, the population of Marietta was 4,446, and that of the entire Marietta district was 7,814. 
Marion County was laid:;out from Muscogee and Lee in 1827. Part of it was added to Crawford in 1827 and part to Muscogee two years later. It was named for Gen. Francis Marion, who did valiant service for the cause: of independence during the Revolu tion. It lies in the western part of the state, and is bounded on the north by Talbot county, on the east by Taylor, Schley and Sumter, on the south and southwest by Webster, and on the west by Chattahoochee and Muscogee. There are no rivers in the- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
531 
 
county, but it is crossed by a number of creeks, chiefly tributaries of the Chattahoochee and the Flint. The soil is productive. That in the southern part of the county was originally the best, but owing to lack of care in its cultivation, has been greatly re duced. The pine lands are now attracting much attention and 
this section is being rapidly settled. Cotton, corn, wheat, sweet and Irish potatoes, sugar-cane, sorghum, fruits and vegetables are raised. There is still some pine and hardwood timber along the streams, but the lumber trade is very small. Buena Vista is the county seat, and trade center. Juniper is quite extensively en 
gaged in manufacturing, and Brantley and Tazewell are growing towns. A branch of the Central of Georgia railroad system 
crosses the southern part of the county from east to west. The 
population in 1900 was 10,080, a gain of 2,352 in ten years. Some very remarkable Indian mounds are found in the county. 
Marks, Charles F., of the Mulherin & Marks Shoe Company, of Augusta, of which he is president and treasurer, is one of the representative young busi ness men of that city, which has been his home from the time of his birth, which here occurred on July 29, 1878. He is a son of David W. and Delia V. (Roberts) Marks. He attended the pub lic schools of Augusta and then took a course of study in the Hephzibah high school, at Hephzibah, this county. After leaving school he took a position as bookkeeper in the cotton office of Alexander & Alexander, of Au gusta, remaining with this concern for ten years, at the expira tion of which, on June 1, 1904, he engaged in the retail shoe busi ness, having purchased the stock and trade of the well known firm of William Mulherins Sons & Co., at 870 Broad street. He im mediately organized the business under the present title, becoming president and treasurer of the company, his associate in the flour ishing enterprise being William J. Mulherin, who is vice-president and secretary. Mr. Marks gives his allegiance to the Democratic party, is affiliated with the local lodge of the Benevolent and Pro tective Order of Elks, and for five years was a member of the Oglethorpe light infantry. On Aug. 29, 1901, he was married to Miss Nellie R. Hightower, of Augusta. 
 
 532 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Marks, David W., Jr., conducts a prosperous grocery business 
 
at 1023 Broad street, Augusta, carrying on the enterprise under the 
 
title of the Marks Grocery Company. He was born in Augusta, 
 
March 1,1872, and is a son of Rev, David W. and Delia V. (Roberts) 
 
Marks, both of whom were born ,m this city. Rev. Dr. Marks is 
 
a clergyman of the Baptist church and is now pastor of the Race 
 
Creek Baptist church, in Richmond county, maintaining his resi 
 
dence at Monte Sano, near Augusta. His devoted wife was sum 
 
moned into eternal rest in May 1902, and she is survived by five 
 
sons, of whom the subject of this sketch was the fourth in order 
 
of birth. The others are William B., Eugene F., Henry M. and 
 
Charles F. After completing a course in the Davidson grammar 
 
school, of Augusta, Mr. Marks here entered Osborns business 
 
college, in which he was graduated. In his early business career 
 
he was identified with farming and later with the dairy business 
 
also, and since 1898 he has been engaged in the retail grocery bus 
 
iness, having a well equipped and attractive establishment and 
 
catering to an excellent trade.;: He exercises his franchise in sup 
 
port of the Democratic party arid is a member of th:Baptis!: church. 
 
On Dec. 29, 1895, Mr. Marks was united in marriage to Miss:Katie 
 
Rebecca Pierce, daughter of James H. and Emma (Rambo) Pierce, 
 
of Richmond county, and they have three children Edith Cath 
 
arine, Pierce Eugene and Guy Harold. 
 
;-. 
 
Marks, William B., the able and popular manager of the Augusta 
 
Drug Company, one of the leading wholesale drug concerns :of the 
 
city of Augusta, was an organizer of the company and is o?i:of its 
 
principal stockholders. He was born in Augusta, March :3!2j: 1862, 
 
and is a son of David W. and Delia V. (Roberts) Marks, the former 
 
of whom was born in Augusta,:: Feb. 1, 1833, and the latter in Pen- 
 
saeola, Fla., Dec. 15, 1843. The father has passed his entire life in 
 
Richmond county, in and near Augusta. He now resides in his fine 
 
old homestead, Monte Sano, in the village of Sumerville, being 
 
a retired capitalist. His cherished and devoted wife passed away 
 
on the 8th of May, 1902, at the ;age of sixty-one years. During the 
 
Civil war David W. Marks was identified with the manufacturing 
 
of ammunition for the Confederate government, in the arsenal, at 
 
Augusta. William B. Marks was graduated in that old and popular 
 
local institution, Richmond academy, at the age of eighteen years, 
 
and in 1883 he was graduated :; in the Georgia medical college, in 
 
Augusta, the medical department of the University of Georgia, 
 
receiving the degree of Doctor !of Medicine. He had no intention, 
 
however, of following the medical profession, having taken the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
533: 
 
technical course in compliance with the wishes of his father. In 1885 he became a clerk in a drug store, where his knowledge of medicine soon enabled him to master the business in all its details, and he was made a licensed pharmacist. In 1897 he engaged in the drug business for himself, purchasing the entire interest of the late George J. Howard in the Howard & Willett Drug Company, whole sale and retail druggists. In 1900 he became one of the organizers of the Augusta Drug Company, his associates in the enterprise being John Phinizy and N. L. Willett, and he has since been gen eral manager of the business, which is exclusively wholesale in its functions. Public-spirited and progressive as a business man and citizen, Mr. Marks takes a:deep interest in local affairs, and his political allegiance is given unreservedly to the Democratic party. In his youth he was a member of the Clark light infantry, of Au gusta. On Oct. 28, 1888, he wedded Miss Jennie Eugenia Summerau, of Augusta, and they have two children, Ruth N. and Earl W. 
Markwalter, Theodore, was born at Koenigswinter on the Rhine in the king dom of Prussia, Jan. 28, 1820. His boy hood years were spent in the beautiful region of the Seven Mountains. He re ceived the usual common school educa tion which Germany requires of all her children. He, following family tradition, learned the stone-cutters trade, working in; his fathers quarry on the Wolkenburg; he also, as his forefathers had done, worked on the famous "Dom" of Cologne. In 1854 with his older brother, he came to New York, working for a while on the Erie Canal. The year of 1855 found him in Charleston, S. C. In 1856 he was sent to Augusta, Ga. to cut and set the brown stone front of the National bank. The excellence of this work demonstrates his skill. On Dec. 23, 1857, at .Hoboken, N. J. he was married to Fredrica Erdman of Waake, Hanover, Germany. He served during the war between the States in the army of the Confederacy, being stationed at Savannah. After the war, upon returning to his home, he began the task of rehabilitating his shattered business. He was progres sive, and the love of his art was more to him than the substantial results of his labor. He was far in advance of his times. As a sculptor, his earliest work: was the beautiful figure of the Good 
 
 534 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Samaritan on the tomb of Doctor Mackey in the Augusta Ceme 
 
tery. He modeled and executed the first marble statuary portraits 
 
in the South. The statue of Dr. Irvine was cut under his personal 
 
supervision, and it is to this fact that it owes its perfection. Among 
 
his notable works he erected the beautiful monument and ex 
 
ceptional statue of Alexander H. Stephens at Crawfordville, Ga., 
 
and also monuments to the Confederate Soldiers on Broad and 
 
Greene streets, Augusta. His customers usually extended to him 
 
their thanks for his painstaking care, and the excellence of his work. 
 
Theodore Markwalter died Aug. 6, 1896 in the love and esteem of 
 
the citizens of his adopted country. He was a true Mason, having 
 
attained the degree of Knight Templar. His uprightness and in 
 
tegrity of character are the priceless heirlooms to his surviving 
 
daughters, Dora (Mrs. Wm; F. Bowe) Augusta, Anna (Mrs. W. S. 
 
Pottinger) Savannah, and Josephine (Mrs. J. H. von Sprecken) Au 
 
gusta. 
 
;: 
 
Marlow, a town in the southwest part of Effingham county, re 
 
ported a population of 150 in 1900. It is located on the Central of 
 
Georgia railroad, has a money order postoffice, with rural free de 
 
livery, express and telegraph service, and is an important commer 
 
cial center for the neighborhood. 
 
Marquis, a post-village of Dade county, is on the Chattanooga 
 
Southern railroad, about six or seven miles south of the state line. 
 
Married Women. A wife, owning property in her own right, 
 
may make contracts, sue and be sued in her own name, the same as 
 
an unmarried woman, so far as her separate estate is concerned, 
 
though she cannot bind her separate estate by going security for 
 
her husband, and any promise to pay his debts is void. Nsr can she 
 
sell to her husband or trustee, except by order of the superior 
 
court. Where a creditor, haying been duly notified, takes her prop 
 
erty to satisfy a debt against the husband, she or her children may 
 
sue and recover. All the property possessed by a wife at the time 
 
of her marriage, and all she may subsequently acquire by inher 
 
itance, gift or purchase, shajl vest in and belong solely to her, and 
 
can not be taken to satisfy any claim whatever against her husband. 
 
Her property is not liable fqr debts contracted by her while acting 
 
as the agent of her husband in making purchases for the ordinary 
 
support of herself and children, though by special contract she 
 
could bind her separate property for that purpose, while acting 
 
in her own capacity and not as her husbands agent. A married 
 
woman can dispose of her property by will. A wife and her chil- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
535 . 
 
dren are entitled to twelve months support out of her deceased 
husbands estate. Marshallville, a town of Macon county, not far from the line of 
Houston, is located on one of the main branches of the Central of Georgia railway system and was incorporated by act of the leg islature in 1866. It is in the second largest peach growing county of Georgia, and in one season there have been shipped from. Mar shallville 450 car loads, or 240,00:0 crates of peaches. The Elberta Crate Company is kept busy supplying crates for the fruit growers and shippers. This town is the-home of Mr. Samuel B. Rumph, originator of the renowned Elberta peach, which was named for his wife, "Elberta." In easy sight of the veranda of his house are more than 80,000 peach trees, and on the same farm are raised grapes from which wines ;of fine; quality are made. Marshallville has express and telegraph offices, a money order postoffice, a bank, several good mercantile establishments and many attractive homes. It also has a good high school, as well as schools of lower grade, and several good church buildings. According to the census of 1900, the population of the district was 2,888, of whom 879 lived within the corporate limits of the town. 
Marthasville. (See Atlanta). Martin, a town in the northern part of Franklin county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Sept. 7, 1891. In 1900 it liad a population of 160;. It is on the Elberton & Toccoa division of the Southern railway, has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph service, and is an important trading and shipping point. 
Martin, Charles C., general agent of 
the Seaboard Air Line railroad at Savan 
nah, Ga., was born in Huntsville^; Ala., 
Sept. 11, 1865. He is a son of! tSeJ la,te 
Joseph Martin, former president of, the 
First National, bank of Huntsville, and 
a native of London, England, where he 
was reared to maturity, having come to 
America in the 50s. His wife, {whose 
maiden name was Virginia O. White, 
and who also is deceased, was born in Virginia, of stanch old Revolutionary 
stock; and patrician lineage. Charles C. Martin was reared in his native city, in whose public schools he secured his early educational discipline, after which he attended 
 
 536 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the Alabama State normal college, at Florence. In 1885 he ini 
 
tiated his railroad career, in Memphis, Tenn., as claim clerk in the 
 
office of the general freight agent of the Memphis & Charleston 
 
railroad, now a portion of the Southern railway system. Shortly 
 
afterward he was promoted to the : office of chief clerk for the train 
 
master of the same road, with headquarters at Tuscumbia, Ala., 
 
and in 1888 he became agent for the same line at Corinth, Miss. 
 
In 1889 he became agent of the; East Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia 
 
railroad at Atlanta, Ga., and in 1892, upon the consolidation of the 
 
lines of the Southern railway^-the Richmond & Danville, the East 
 
Tennessee, Virginia & Georgia,; and the Atlanta & Florida, he was . 
 
made general agent of the consolidated lines at Atlanta. In 1896 
 
he came to Savannah as general agent of the Georgia & Alabama 
 
railroad, and in 1900 was made general agent of the consolidated 
 
lines of the Seaboard Air Line, in this city, which important 
 
position he still holds. His rise has been rapid and noteworthy, 
 
and attests his ability and discrimination as an executive. He is a 
 
member of the Savannah cotton exchange, board of trade, and 
 
chamber of commerce, the Oglethorpe club, the Savannah Yacht 
 
club, the Guards club, the Chatham Hunt club, and is also affiliated 
 
with the Knights of Pythias. \ For two years he has been chair 
 
man of the regatta committee of the Savannah Yacht club, in 
 
whose affairs he is enthusiastic. In politics he clings to the ances 
 
tral faith, being a stanch Democrat. On Oct. 6, 1883, Mr. Martin 
 
married Miss Ada Jamar, of Huntsville, Alabama, who died Dec. 
 
29, 1900, leaving three children; Charles C, Jr., Mamie Virginia, 
 
and Cora Jamar. 
 
: 
 
Martin, Clarence Datus, auditor of 
 
traffic;;of the Central of-Georgia Railway 
 
Company and the OceanvSt^mshlpiiCom- 
 
pany, ;;with headquarters in the city of 
 
Savannah, was bora;; in Augusta,-Rich 
 
mond bounty, Ga., Feb. 6, 1876. Ifeis-a 
 
son of Orin Datus Davis Martin- who 
 
was born in Wytheville, Wythe county, 
 
Va., Aug. 10, 1837, and Adaline Martin, 
 
who was born in the city of Chicago*-111., 
 
Feb. 1, 1851. Col. John Martin,:;:gteat- 
 
great-grandfather of the subject of this 
 
sketch; was a member of the house of bur 
 
gesses of Virginia, representing Caroline county in 1739-40, and 
 
King William county from 1753 to 1755, inclusive, being still a mem- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
537 
 
ber of the body at the time of his death, in 1756. The maternal great-grandfather of Orin D. D. Martin was Gen. Thomas Davis, of Fayetteville, N. C., who served as general of the Continental line during the Revolution. Clarence D. Martin was educated in the schools of his native city, and entered railway service on Feb. 15, 1892, since which time he has been consecutively the incumbent of the following named positions: to March 10, 1893, clerk in the auditors office of the Georgia railroad; March 30, 1893, to Sept. 10, 1894, chief clerk freight department auditors office, same road; Sept. 10, 1894, to Nov. 6, 1899, traveling auditor same road; Nov. 6, 1899 to Feb. 11, 1901, traveling auditor of the Atlanta & West Point railroad andThe Western railway of Alabama; Feb. 11, 1901, to August 1st following, division traveling auditor of the Central of Georgia Railway Company; Aug. 1, 1901, to July 1, 1902, general traveling auditor of same railroad and also of the Ocean Steam ship Company, of Savannah; July 1, 1902, to July 1, 1903, freight and passenger accountant^for same companies; and since that time to date of this writing, auditor of traffic for same companies. Mr. Martin is a member of the Presbyterian church. 
Martin, Clarence H., one of the suc 
cessful and popular members of the bar 
of Irwin county, is engaged in the prac 
tice of his profession in Ocilla, where he 
is also the incumbent of the office of city 
recorder. He was born in Edison, Cal- 
houn county, Ga., April 6, 1875, a son of 
Rev. John W. and Emma (Hendry) 
Martin, the former born in Bethel, March 
10, 1850, and the latter in Cuthbert, Ran 
dolph county, Ga., Sept. 21, 1852. The 
father is a prominent clergyman of the 
Missionary Baptist church. His father is also a Baptist minister and is now eighty-seven years of age, and the mother is also living, aged eighty-six years. This venerable couple became the parents, of six sons and. seven daughters, all liv ing except one daughter, ;Mrs. Esther .Pope, who died in Texas, about fifteen years ago, and one son, Riley, who was robbed and murdered, near Bainbridge, Ga., about thirty years ago. The mother of the subject of ithis sketch is a daughter of Alexander B. Hendry, who was judge of the inferior court of Randolph county and was also a loyal soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil war, as was likewise his son Marion. Rev. John W. and Emma (Hendry) 
 
 538 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Martin have six sons and one daughter. Clarence H. Martin was 
 
afforded the advantages of Cuthbert military college, after leaving 
 
which he entered the law department of the University of Georgia, 
 
where he was graduated June 16, 1897, at the age of twenty-two 
 
years, duly receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws and was 
 
admitted to the bar of his native state. Since that time he has been 
 
continuously engaged in the practice of his profession in Ocilla, 
 
where he has met with marked success. He makes a specialty of 
 
commercial law and is attorney for several large corporations. He 
 
is a stanch Democrat in his political proclivities and is rendering 
 
efficient service as city recorder. He and his wife are prominent, 
 
members of,the Missionary Baptist church and for several years he 
 
was clerk and superintendent of the Sunday school of the church 
 
in Ocilla. He is a Master Mason and is keeper of records and seals 
 
and also master of finance in the local lodge of the Knights of 
 
Pythias. On Nov. 7, 1900, Mr. Martin was united in marriage to 
 
Miss Sarah L. Goethe, daughter of Dr. John E. and Susie (Lam 
 
bert) Goethe, of Ocilla, and they have two children Robert L. 
 
and Emma Sue. 
 
: 
 
Martin Institute, located at Jefferson, the county seat of Jackson 
 
county, was founded and endowed by William Martin, aed is one 
 
of the oldest endowed schools in the state. For many years it has 
 
ranked as one of the best schools in Georgia and stands deservedly 
 
high as an educational institution. It is now a part of the public 
 
school system. 
 
Martin, John, one of the early governors of Georgia, was born 
 
about 1730. The first mention^ of him in history was when Gover 
 
nor Wright appointed him naval officer at the port of Sunbury in 
 
1761. He played an important:! part in Revolutionary affairs, being 
 
a member of the Provincial Congress and the Council of : ; Safety 
 
in 1775 ; captain of artillery in 1781; subsequently lieutenant-colonel 
 
of the Georgia brigade and representative in the legislature. In 
 
1783 he was chosen governor of the state and it was during his ad 
 
ministration that the British evacuated Savannah. His term as 
 
governor expired Jan. 21, 1783j and ten days later he was elected 
 
treasurer of state. About the same time he was appointed one of 
 
the commissioners to treat with the Cherokee Indians. The place 
 
and date of his death are not recorded. 
 
Marfindale, a post-hamlet of Walker county, is on the Central 
 
of Georgia railway, not far from the Chattooga county line. 
 
Martinez, a post-village of Richmond county, is on the Charles 
 
ton & Western Carolina railroad, about eight miles northwest of 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
53:9 
 
Augusta, and is a trading center for the neighborhood in which it is situated. 
Martyn, Benjamin, secretary to the Georgia trustees during the life of the first charter, was an Englishman by birth and a man of high character and ability. He served the first year as secretary without remuneration. When some people were inclined to criti cize the course of the trustees he wrote three works in their de fense, viz: "An Impartial Inquiry into the State and Utility of the Province of Georgia," "Reasons for Establishing the Colony of Georgia," and an account showing the progress of the colony. 
Mason, a post-village of Heard county, is not far from the Ala bama line and is ten miles west of Franklin. Roanoke, Ala., is the nearest railroad station. 
Masonic Orphans Home.-; (See Charitable Institutions). Masons. The history of Masonry or more properly speaking the order of Ancient Free arid Accepted Masons in Georgia dates from the year 1735, when Jiord Weymouth, the Grand Master of the Masons of England, issued a warrant to Roger Lacey to open a "particular" lodge in Savannah. This was named King Solomons Lodge, of which Lacey served as master until 1757. Among its members were Noble Jones, Grey Elliott and Gen. Samuel Elbert, who figured prominently in the Revolution. There is a story to the effect that the first lodge of Masons in Georgia: was held under a large live-oak tree, at Sunbury, and that General Oglethorpe pre sided as master. This tree: died about 1870 and from the timber Masonic tools were made and distributed among various lodges, where they are preserved as: relics. A chair of live-oak made from this old tree is in Solomons Lodge at Savannah. At the close of the Revolution two lodges, King Solomons and Hiram, held a con vention at Savannah, in December, 1787, and elected "Grand Lodge" officers. Although these two lodges were chartered by two different authorities, the former by the Grand Lodge of England and the latter by the Provincial Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania, there were no dissensions between them, however, and the Grand Lodge thus established became the supreme Masonic authority for the state. In 1820 the lodge records were destroyed by the great fire in Savannah and consequently but little is known of its trans actions. The proceedings from 1820 to 1850 are out of print, with the exception of three or four years, and no authentic history of the order can be traced during that period, further than that it en joyed a steady growth in numbers and importance. Its prosperity was interrupted by the Civil war and in the consequent depression 
 
 540 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
of business, the fostering of charitable institutions, etc., the Grand Lodge became so seriously involved financially that for a time the annual sessions were done away with, and the Grand Lodge met biennially in order to free the institution from debt. This was accomplished in a few years, a new era of prosperity came to the order and the annual sessions of the Grand Lodge were resumed. At the present time (1905) there are 470 lodges in the state, with a membership of about 25,000. Royal Arch chapters and commanderies of Knights Templars have been established in nearly all the larger towns, and the Scottish Rite is well represented in the citizenship of Georgia. 
Massee, a post-village of Berrien county, is on the Nashville & Sparks railroad, about half-way between the two terminals. The population in 1900 was 100. It is an important trading and ship ping point for that portion of the county. 
Massee, Marion H., is one of the rep resentative business men and honored citizens of Macon, where he is identified with industrial enterprises of wide scope and importance. He was born in Marshallville, Macon county, Ga., Dec. 31, 1869, and is a son of Oliver J. and Laura C. (Jordan) Massee, the former of whom was born near Marshallville, in 1849, and the latter near Reynolds, Taylor county, this state, in 1852. The paternal grandfather, Dr. D. W. Massee, came to Georgia from North Carolina, about the year 1827, having been a lad of seven years at the time. He be came a successful planter and large slave-owner prior to the Civil war and was also an able physician and surgeon. He was a sur geon in the Confederate service and for a time in service profes sionally at Andersonville prison. The mother of the subject of this review, is a daughter of Henry Jordan, who likewise served val iantly as a soldier of the Confederacy. Her mother was a daughter of James Carson, who was prominent and influential in the Bap tist church, having been one of the leading spirits in the "Mis sionary" wing when the separation from the "Primitive" Baptist organization took place, in the early part of the nineteenth century. Marion H. Massee was afforded the advantages of an excellent private school in his native town of Marshallville, the institution having been under the supervision of Prof. J. W. Frederick, and 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
541 
 
he has duly profited in later years by the lessons gained under the direction of that wisest of all headmasters, experience. In 1888, at the age of nineteen years, he came to Macon, where he gained his initial experience in the lumber business, as an em ploye of the firm of Hendrix & Williangham. He made rapid advancement, finally becoming vice-president of the Williangham Sash & Door Company, which position he retained three years, at the expiration of which he sold his interest in the business, in 1900. He then became one of the interested principals in the Massee Lumber Company, the province of operations being en larged and a reorganization taking place, under the title of the Massee & Felton Lumber Company, of which he was made presi dent, an office which he still retains. From a small retail business this concerns enterprise has grown to be one of distinctive im portance. The company now has a capital stock of $280,000 and a surplus fund nearly as great. Its business extends into almost every state east of the ^Mississippi river, with an especially large trade along the Atlantic seaboard. Mr. Massee is also president of the Redmond-Massee Fuel Company and vice-president of the Georgia Spool & Bobbin Company, both of Macon. He was one of the promoters and organizers of the now flourishing organiza tion known as the Yellow Pine Sash, Door & Blind Manufacturers association, and was its first president. He is aligned with the Democratic party, and while he takes no active or aggressive part in political affairs he never fails to vote on every question touch ing the general weal, always following the dictates of conscience in this respect, as in all other relations of life. He is a devoted adherent of the Missionary Baptist church, of which he has been a member since he was sixteen years of age. He makes his re ligion a part of his everyday life, ever endeavoring to observe the Bible motto, "Zealous in business, serving the Lord." Such lives must ever offer both lesson and incentive. On Nov. 13, 1895, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Massee to Miss Annie Laurie Cleveland, daughter of Thomas S. and Annie (Wright) Cleveland, of Wartrace, Tenn. Of the three children of this union two are living, Thomas Cleveland and Marion Francis. Augustus Felton, the youngest, died in November, 1904, at the age of two years. Mrs. Massee is a niece of the late Judge Wright, of Rome, Ga., in the maternal line, and in the paternal line is descended from Jeremiah Cleveland, of South Carolina, who removed thence to Wartrace, nearly a century ago who was one of the promoters 
 
 548 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
in the building of the North Carolina & St. Louis railroad, from Nashville to Chattanooga, Tenn. 
Massey, William Calhoun, is one of the representative business men and pop 
ular citizens of the capital city of Geor gia and is a scion of ancestry long and prominently identified with the annals of American history. He was born in Madison, Morgan county, Ga., July 10, 1866, a son of Nathan and Mary Eliza 
beth (Calhoun) Massey, the former born 
in Greene county, Ga., June 29, 1807, 
and the latter, his fourth wife, in Abbeville district, S. C., June 22, 1821. The 
Massey family originated in Normandy, where there is still a town bearing the name. Representatives of the family were participants in the wars under William the Con queror, and upon them were conferred grants of land comprising the counties of Durham and Chester, Ireland, after the Norman conquest. Col. James Massey, for meritorious service in the Eng lish army, was elevated to the peerage, and the honor is still held by the head of that branch of the family resident at the ancient seat in Ireland. William Massey was one of the early colonists of Virginia. Gen. Elijah Massey and Maj. Thomas Massey were gal lant soldiers of the American Revolution and close friends of Gen eral Washington. The Calhoun family has also been one illus trious in the history of America. Nathan Massey, the father of the subject of this review, was numbered among the pioneer settlers of Morgan county, Ga., where he removed from Greene county and became prominent in the affairs of the new county. He gained a competency and was one of the extensive planters of Morgan county, owning a number of fine tracts of land and also having mercantile interests in the city of Madison for a number of years. The Civil war resulted in the destruction or confiscation of a large portion of his estate, and he passed the closing years of his life in Fulton county. He was a zealous member of the Baptist church, as was also his father, Reuben Massey, and his integrity and honor were impregnable. His wife was a strict Presbyterian. Both were active in church work and in the upholding of charitable enter prises. Mr. Massey attained to the age of eighty-five years, his wife having been seventy-seven years old at her death. Nathan Massey was an appreciative and active member of the Masonic 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
543 
 
fraternity, and aided in the establishing and upbuilding of various Baptist churches as well as the Georgia female college, at Madison, which flourished before the war. Owing to an ocular defect he was found ineligible for active service in the Confederate army, but he rendered effective aid to the cause, espcially in caring for the families of soldiers and providing for the necessities of the ill and wounded soldiers, a number of whom they received into their own home. One of these was a relative, the poet Sidney Lanier, who was there restored to health after his release from a Federal prison. William C. Massey was afforded the advantages of the excellent public-school system of Atlanta, where he was reared to maturity, and he supplemented this by a course in business training. He finally determined to prepare himself for the work of expert shorthand reporting, and with this end in view perfected himself in both the Graham and Pitman systems and also devoted much time to collateral studies. Not finding an opening as official court reporter he engaged in special newspaper work for the local papers and also did much general reporting for various assemblies and proceedings where his services came into requisition. In 1893 he accepted the position of private secretary to H. M. Atkinson,. the well known railroad magnate, and later he occupied a position in the United States civil service, in the war department, being assigned to duty in the office of the adjutant-general in the first Department of the Gulf, which was abolished after the SpanishAmerican war. He was tendered a position in the Philippines but determined to remain in Atlanta, and to follow the work of the profession for which he had fitted himself. With marked initiative talent he conceived the plan of gaining practical control of the general stenographic business in Atlanta, with a view to improving the service and bringing it up to the highest standard of efficiency. In 1904 he organized the Massey Reporting Company, modeled after large enterprises of the sort in the metropolitan centers but adapted to local needs. He has achieved splendid success and built up an important and representative business. He is known as an expert shorthand reporter and his services in this line have been in demand at many important conventions and in the reporting of notable public addresses. He is now the incumbent of the offices of commissioner of the Fulton superior court and the United States court of claims in Atlanta, and assistant official reporter of the Flint circuit, his technical services being of great value in these positions. Mr. Massey is a member of the National Shorthand reporters association and is a member of its executive committee 
 
 544 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
in Georgia. He was captain of that popular military organization, the Atlanta Grays, at the inception of the Spanish-American war, at which time it was held in readiness to enter the volunteer ser vice of the United States, but was not called into requisition. Captain Massey was in the military service with the state troops from 1891 to 1900, when he resigned his commission as captain, after having made an admirable record. In politics he is a Jeffersonian Democrat and his religious faith is that of the Presbyterian church. On June 15, 1899, he was married to Miss Rosabel Jones, daughter of Dunwody and Cornelia (Ashley) Jones, of Atlanta, both representatives of distinguished families long established in America. Mrs. Masey was summoned to the life eternal on Dec. 15, 1904, leaving no children. She was a woman of gracious pres ence and marked culture and is deeply mourned by a wide circle of devoted friends. 
Mat, a post-hamlet of Forsyth county, is on a branch of the Etowali river, about seven miles north of Gumming. Ball Ground is the most convenient railroad station. 
Matheson, Kenneth Gordon, A. M., LL. D., president of the Georgia School of; Technology, Atlanta, was born at Cheraw, S. C, July 28, 1864, a son of John F. and Mary E. Matheson, the for mer a native of Lochalsh, Scotland, and the latter born at Cheraw on Nov. 7, 1832. His great-great-grandfathers, Capt. William DeWitt and James Chapman, and four sons of the latter, James, Jr., John, William and Allan, were soldiers in the American army in the Revolution ary war. William and John were killed at Camden, S. C., being regulars under Dekalb, and Allan, though very young, served as a trooper during the war. Martin DeWitt, a great-great-great-grandfather, although a very old man, also served in the war for independence. Allan Chapman married IJleanor, daughter of Capt. William DeWitt, and this couple were the great-grandparents of Doctor Matheson. Captain DeWitt was so active in his devotion to the cause of liberty that his house was burned by Tories, and it is related that on one occasion, while he was in the army, his wife and son, John DeWitt, then a boy of six teen years of age, were accosted at their home by a party of Brit ish. When the boy resented some insolent remark addressed to his 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
545 
 
mother he was struck on the head with a sword by an officer, in flicting a scar that he carried to his grave. Capt. William DeWitt became a man of prominence after the war and was elected high sheriff of the Cheraws. In 1782, when a treaty was signed, Gover nor Rutledge issued writs of election to General Marion, and Cap tain DeWitt was elected representative. Two years later he was elected senator. To accept these positions he had to resign the office of high sheriff, in which he was succeeded by Allan Chapman. Captain DeWitt married Mary Devonald, a woman of great beau ty, whose father, Daniel Devonald, had an original grant of land and was a wealthy planter. . Another maternal ancestor of Doctor Matheson was Dr. Thomas Graham, a member of the well known Graham family of Virginia and North Carolina. The original American representative of this family was an officer in the battle of Flodden Field in 1-746, and came to this country soon afterward. The descendants of the Graham, DeWitt and Chapman families have occupied many positions of prominence in the Carolinas and Alabama. John F. Matheson, the father of the subject of this sketch, was a prominent banker, and an influential and much be loved citizen of Cheraw, where he continued to reside until his death in 1878. Doctor Matheson received his early education in the Cheraw academy, after which he entered the South Carolina military academy at Charleston, an institution locally known as the "Citadel," where for three ;years he was battalion adjutant. Dur ing this time he formed the acquaintance of Capt. Lyman Hall, recently graduated at West Point, and then adjutant of the mili tary post at Charleston. Between the two grew up a friendship that remained unbroken until the death of Captain Hall on Aug. 16, 1905, being at that time president of the Georgia School of Technology. After leaving the "Citadel" Doctor Matheson was for three years commandant of cadets in the Georgia military college at Milledgeville, and for the succeeding two years held the position of assistant professor of English in the University of Tennessee. This place he resigned to accept that of commandant and professor of English in the Missouri military college at Mexico, Mo., the first genuine military school west of the Mississippi. He was offered the position of assistant superintendent of this school, but declined to enter Leland Stanford university, where he took a post-graduate course and was granted the degree of Master of Arts in 1897. The same year he came to Atlanta as assistant professor of English in the school of which he is now the texeeutive head. Three months later he was raised to the full professorship. Since coming to 
35--II 
 
 546 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Atlanta he has done effective post graduate work in the University of Chicago and Columbia university, of New York. In the latter institution he completed all the residential requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. After the death of Captain Hall the trustees of the technological school voted to retain Doctor Matheson as chairman of the faculty for an indefinite period, and on June 21, 1906, he was unanimously elected to the presidency of the institution. Just the day before this election he received the degree of Doctor of Laws from the Washington and Lee uni versity. Doctor Matheson is a Democrat in his political convic tions and in religious matters he holds to the faith of the Presby terian denomination, being now an elder in the North avenue Pres byterian church, (Southern) of Atlanta. On Dec. 27, 1898, he was united in marriage to Miss Belle Seddon Fleet, daughter of Alex ander Frederick and Belle (Seddon) Fleet, of Virginia, and they have three children: Belle Seddon, Kenneth Gordon and Fred erick Graham, aged respectively six, four and one and a half years. (1906). Col. A. F. Fleet is a graduate of the University of Virgin ia, and during the Civil war was adjutant of General Wises bri gade. He is now superintendent of the Culver, Ind., military academy, a son, John S. Fleet, being assistant superintendent of the same school. Another son, Henry W., is a lieutenant in the regu lar army of the United States, and W. A. Fleet, is a Cecil Rhodes student at Oxford, England. Mrs. Mathesons mother is a niece of John Seddon, former secretary of war of the Confederate States. Doctor Matheson is a member of the Kappa Alpha college frater nity and the Auxilium club, of Atlanta. 
Mathis, a post-hamlet of Rabun county, is on the Tallulah Falls railway, about seven miles south of Clayton. 
Matlock, a post-village of Tattnall county, with a population of 48 in 1900, is about four miles southwest of Glennville, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Matthews, a town in the northern part of Jefferson county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on August 1, 1904. The pop ulation in 1900 was 150. It has a money order postoffice, with a number of rural free delivery routes, is located on the line of the Augusta Southern railroad, and is the principal trading center and shipping point in that section of the county. 
Matthews, George, one of the governors of Georgia under the constitution of 1777, was born in the year 1739, in Augusta county, Va., where his father, John Matthews, had settled upon coming from Ireland two years before. The son distinguished himself 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
S4? 
 
in the wars with the Indians, and at the battle of Point Pleasant 
 
in October, 1774, commanded a company of Virginians, every man 
 
of whom was over six feet in height. This company, with those of 
 
Captains Shelby and Stewart, made the successful flank movement 
 
by way of Crooked creek that drove the Indians from the field. 
 
The following year he was made colonel of the Ninth Virginia reg 
 
iment, and joined the American forces under Washington. He 
 
fought at Brandywine; was captured at the battle of Germantown; 
 
after his exchange he served with General Greene until the close of 
 
the war, and in 1785 removed to Georgia, locating at Goose Pond, 
 
on the Broad river in Oglethorpe county. In 1786, after only one 
 
years residence in the state, he was elected governor to succeed 
 
Edward Telfair. In 1788, after Georgia had ratified the Federal 
 
constitution, he was elected a member of the First United States 
 
Congress. In November, 1793, he again succeeded Edward Telfair 
 
as governor, was reflected in 1794 and again in 1795. During his 
 
last term he approved the famous "Yazoo Land Act," and while 
 
he doubtless signed it with honest intentions the act always re 
 
mained a blot upon his otherwise irreproachable public career. 
 
President Adams nominated him for governor of the Mississippi 
 
Territory, but recalled the appointment on account of the "Yazoo 
 
act." Matthews went to Washington to chastise the president, but 
 
the matter was compromised by Adams appointing Governor Mat 
 
thews son supervisor of public revenues in Georgia. In 1811 he 
 
was appointed by President Madison to negotiate a treaty for the 
 
annexation of Florida. He succeeded, but Madison refused to 
 
sanction the treaty and a second time Matthews started for Wash 
 
ington to inflict summary punishment upon the chief executive of 
 
the nation. On his way he was taken ill and died at Augusta, 
 
Augst 12, 1813. 
 
' 
 
Matthews Bluff. In the spring of 1781 Captains Johnston and 
 
McKay, with a small force of militia, were employed in watching 
 
the communication between the British posts at Augusta and Sa 
 
vannah. By concealing themselves along the swamps which bor 
 
dered on the river they had succeeded in intercepting several boats 
 
and in capturing or destroying considerable quantities of stores or 
 
provisions in transit. Colonel Brown, commanding at Augusta, 
 
sent a detachment to drive the Americans away from the river. 
 
Johnston and McKay, learning of this movement, took a strong 
 
position at Matthews Bluff, where a skirmish occurred about the 
 
middle of April. Although the British were superior in numbers 
 
they were defeated with a loss of sixteen men killed, among whom 
 
 548 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
was the commanding officer, and the rest were compelled to retreat to Augusta. 
Mattison, William A. The city of Augusta is fortunate in the personnel of its municipal officials, and one of the able representa tives is Mr. Mattison, who is superintendent of streets and drains. He was born in Abbeville, S. C., Oct. 3, 1862, and is a son of Frank and Sarah (Mosely) Mattison, both of whom were likewise born in Abbeville district. The father, who was a planter by vocation, went forth in defense of the Confederate cause, as a member of a South Carolina regiment, and was killed in battle near the close of the war. His widow now resides in the home of her son William A., subject of this sketch.. After the war she, in company with her three children, removed to Augusta, where she has since resided. Her elder daughter, Elizabeth, became the wife of Thomas Wallace and both are now deceased; Emma is the wife of Henry Starnes, of Augusta. The paternal grandfather, Archibald Mattison, was a native of Scotland, and he at one time owned an interest in Stone mountain, Ga. William A. Mattison received his entire educa tional discipline under the effective instruction of his mother, who is a woman of much culture and who devoted herself earnestly to the care and education of: her children. The only son, owing to the death of his father, as noted, was early compelled to depend largely upon his own resources and to assist his widowed mother was his early ambition. When but eight years of age he secured employ ment as a driver of cattle and later he worked in a cotton mill. While yet in his teens he learned the machinists trade, and was employed thereafter as a mechanic for several years. From 1890 to 1900 Mr. Mattison was engaged in the real-estate business in Augusta, and during this period he also conducted a grocery store, which he still owns. Prior to 1890 he was a member of the fire de partment of Augusta, and from 1900 to 1904 he was a member of the board of police commissioners. In January, 1904, he was ap pointed to his present office, in which he is giving a most satisfac tory administration. He: is a stanch Democrat, a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Modern Woodmen of the World. On April 1, 1886, Mr. Mattison was married to Miss Willie Kilgore, of Athens, Ga. She died on Aug. 28, 1889, and on Jan. 25, 1892, he wedded Mrs. Marcella (Jones) Dinkins, of Aiken county, S. C. George F. Mattison is a son of the first marriage of the subject of this review^ and Lula, daughter of Mrs. Mattison by her first marriage, is the wife of Jesse Sells, of Augusta. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
549 
 
Max, a post-hamlet of Talbot county, is about eight miles north east of Talbotton, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
Maxeys, a town in Oglethorpe county, is located on the Georgia railroad, about ten miles south of Crawford. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph offices, some manufacturing and mercantile interests, and in 1900 reported 
a population of 209. Maxwell, a village in the northern part of Jasper county, reported 
a population of 36 in 1900. It is a little west of Kelly, which is the nearest railroad station, has a money order postoffice, and is a trad ing point for the neighborhood. 
Maxwell, Charles A., superintendent 
of the municipal canal and water works 
of the city of Augusta, was born on the 
Brandywine river, near the city of Wil- 
mington, New Castle county, Del., Oct. 
14, 1844. He is a son of Hamilton and 
Elizabeth (Watson) Maxwell, the for 
mer of whom was born in County An trim, Ireland, and the latter in Delaware 
county, Pa. In 1867 they removed from 
the state of Delaware to Conshohocken, 
Montgomery county, Pa., where they 
passed the remainder of their lives, the father passing to his reward in 1891, and the mothers death oc curred in 1901. Hamilton Maxwell was a cotton manufacturer, an able and honorable business man, and a worthy citizen. Charles A. Maxwell was educated in Genessee college, Lima, N. Y., and at the age of nineteen years he entered the employ of the Pennsylva nia Railroad Company, as rodman with an- engineering corps. He advanced to the position of leveler and finally to that of transit man, remaining in the employ of the company mentioned for a period of five years, during which he gained most valuable experi ence. He thereafter was employed one year as a bookkeeper in Philadelphia, and then identified himself with his fathers cotton mill, at Conshohocken, being concerned in the management of the enterprise from 1867 until 1882. He then accepted a position as traveling representative for a yarn-commission house in Philadel phia, in whose interests he came to Augusta in 1886. made plans for and superintended the erection of a cotton mill here established by the firm. He remained manager of the mill for some time and has continuously maintained his home in Augusta. At the time of 
 
 550 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the erection of the new postoffice building in Augusta Mr. Maxwell was employed in the office of its superintendent. Later he re modeled a cotton mill in this county, after which he had charge of the equipping of the power plant of the Augusta street railway. Since 1891 he has been in the service of the city government in various capacities, and has been superintendent of the canal and water works since 1895, being an able and popular official. He is a stalwart supporter of the Democratic party, is a Knight Templar Mason, and is a member of the American Water Works associa tion. On June 6, 1866, he was united in marriage to Miss Frances C. Likens, of Wilmington, Del., and they have one daughter, Frances C., who remains a member of the home circle. 
Maxwell, Thomas R., dealer in furni 
ture,, wholesale and retail, in the city of 
Augusta, was born on the homestead 
plantation, in Dublin county, N. C., Oct. 29, 1856, which county was also the 
birthplace of his parents, John and Cath 
arine (Quinn) Maxwell, who there 
passed their entire lives. The father was a successful farmer and served during 
the Civil war as a soldier of the Confed 
eracy. Thomas R. Maxwell attended 
school in a limited degree, but that he 
made good use of his opportunities and gained much through individual study outside the schoolroom is evident when it is stated that at the age of twenty-one years he be gan teaching school. During his career as a pedagogue he greatly widened his scope of knowledge through well directed study and reading. For several years he: taught in the schools of his native county during the winter months, passing the intervening summers on the farm and in the turpentine woods. In 1887 he located in Goldsboro, N. C., where he became manager of a small furniture store. On May 1, 1888, he took a clerical position in a furniture establishment in the city of Charleston, S. C., and in December following he removed to Augusta, where he engaged in the same line of trade on his own account, his sole capital at the time being $320. By good management, progressive methods and fair dealing he has built up a large and prosperous business and attained to success of no equivocal order. : In 1900 he erected one of the finest business blocks in the city, the same being located at 1030, 1032 and 1034 Broad street, the block having three large and finely 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
551 
 
appointed business rooms, two of which he rents, the third being occupied by his furniture business which now represents one of the largest and most important enterprises of the sort in the city. He is also a stockholder in the large furniture house here con ducted under the title of Thomas & Barton Company; is also in terested in furniture stores in Columbus and Savannah, Gav and Charleston, S. C., and in former years he had branch furniture stores in Charlotte, N. C., and Richmond, Va. In 1901 he erected his beautiful modern residence, in Summerville, a most attractive suburb of Augusta. He is a director of the National Exchange bank and the Merchants bank, both of Augusta; is a member of the directorate of the OConnor & Schweers Paint Company, and also of the Thomas & Barton Company, previously mentioned. Mr. Maxwell is the owner of a large amount of valuable realty in Augusta, including a number of residence properties. He is a Master Mason, and is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, the Travelers Protective asociation and the Augusta Country club. He is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party, and both he and his wife are members of the Broad Street Methodist Episcopal church South. On Oct. 5, 1892, Mr. Maxwell was united in marriage to Miss Lula C. Dickerson, of LaGrange, Ga., and they have four children: Allan Q., Nina E., Edna, and Lula. 
Maxwelton, a town in the northern part of Clayton county, re ported a population of 165 in 1900. It is near the Southern and Central of Georgia railways and is a trading center for the neigh borhood in which it is situated. 
Mayday, a post-hamlet of Echols county, is on the Georgia South ern & Florida railroad, about fifteen miles east of Valdosta. 
Mayfield, a town in Hancock county, is on the Macon & Camak division of the Georgia railroad, at the point where it crosses the Ogeechee river. It has a money order postoffice, express and tele graph service, some mercantile and shipping interests, and in 1900 reported a population of 93. 
Mayhaw, a post-hamlet in the western part of Miller county, is about ten miles from Colquitt, which is the nearest railroad sta tion. 
Maysville, a town of northeast Georgia, partly in Banks and partly in Jackson county, is on a branch of the Southern railway con necting Athens with Lula. It was incorporated by act of the legis lature in 1879, and in 1900 had a population of 453, of whom 309 lived in Banks county and the rest in Jackson. It has express and 
 
 552 
 
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telegraph offices, a money order postoffice with rural free delivery, a bank, several good commercial houses, schools and churches, and an oil mill doing an active and profitable business. 
Mead, Cowles, was born in Georgia, studied law and was ad mitted to the bar. He was elected to the Ninth Congress but was unseated in December, 1805, by the successful contest of Thomas Spalding. In 1806 he was appointed secretary of the Mississippi Territory. 
Means, Alexander, physician and educator, was born at Statesville, N. C., Feb. 6, 1801. He was educated at home and in a school conducted by Milton Ladd at Wilkesboro. At the age of fourteen years his education;was finished so far as attending school was concerned, but he remained a student all his life. About 1816 he came to Georgia, walking the greater part of the way. He taught for a time in Greene county and later at Madison in Morgan county, where he began the study of medicine under Drs. Ran dolph and Walker. In 1825 he took a course of lectures in the Transylvania university at Lexington, Ky., after which he began practice in Putnam county, but after one year there formed a partnership with Dr. Henry Gaither at Covington, where he re mained for six years.. In the meantime he had united with the Methodist Episcopal church; and in 1829 was licensed to preach. When the manual labor school was established at Covington by the Georgia conference in 1834, Dr. Means was elected the first rector, which position he held until the school was absorbed by Emory college four years later. He then took special courses in the old Pennsylvania college and the Jefferson medical college, and in 1840 was made professor of ichemistry and pharmacy in the medi cal college at Augusta, where he remained for nineteen years, at the same time engaging in educational work elsewhere. In May, 1854 he was called to the presidency of Emory college, having served the previous year as president of the Masonic female college at Covington. He resigned the presidency of Emory in 1855 and in the summer of 1857 visited : Europe, afterward serving for about twelve years as professor of;chemistry in the Atlanta medical col lege. He was a member of ;:the secession convention in 1861, and in 1868 was appointed the first state chemist of Georgia, a position he held until 1877. He was a preacher of rare eloquence and power and wrote a number of poerrjs. He died on June 5, 1883. 
Meansville, an incorporated town of Pike county, is on the South ern railroad, about five miles south of Zebulon, and in 1900 re ported a population of 155. It has a money order postoffice, with 
 
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rural free delivery, express and telegraph offices, mercantile and manufacturing enterprises, and is an important shipping point. 
Meda, a post-hamlet of Putnam county, is on the Covington & Milledgeville division of the Central of Georgia railway, about five miles south of Eatonton. 
Medders, a post-hamlet of Appling county, is twelve miles due south of Baxley. Rockingham, on the Atlantic & Birmingham, is the nearest railroad station. 
Medical Association, In February, 1849, the faculty of the Medical College of Georgia caused to be published in the Southern Medical and Surgical Journal the following notice: "To the Phy sicians of Georgia. The faculty of the Medical College of Georgia suggest to the medical profession of the state the propriety of or ganizing an association. Since the institution of the National or American association, our sister states, Alabama and South Caro lina, have taken action on the subject. It is therefore proper to call a convention of the physicians of Georgia, to be held in the city of Augusta on Next Tuesday, February 20th; then to adopt such measures for the improvement and benefit of the profession as they may deem proper." 
After the publication of this notice the medical society of Savan nah suggested that the meeting be postponed one month and that Macon be appointed as the meeting place, as the postponement and more central location would be likely to result in a larger at tendance. The Journal sent circulars to all its subscribers, noti fying them of the change, and on March 20th eighty physicians, representing thirty-one counties, assembled in Macon. A com mittee, consisting of R. D. Arnold, J. M. Green, Thomas Hoxey, Charles West, H. J. Ogliby, R. J. Dickinson and J. M. Gordon, were appointed to draft a constitution and bylaws, which, after some discussion, were unanimously adopted, and the following of ficers were then elected: L. D. Ford, president; R. D. Arnold and T. R. Lamar, vice-presidents; J. M. Green, corresponding secre tary; C. T. Quintard, recording secretary. The name at that time adopted was "The Medical Society of the State of Georgia." Dele gates were elected to represent the state in the American Medical association; a committee was appointed to memorialize the legis lature on the utility of establishing a system of registration of marriages, births and deaths; another committee was authorized to address the profession at large on the advisability of forming auxiliary associations, etc., and the meeting adjourned to meet at Macon on the second Tuesday in April, 1850. Since then the 
 
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annual meetings have been migratory and have been held in nearly 
 
all the cities and larger towns of the state. In 1868 the constitution 
 
was amended so as to change the name to the "Medical Associa 
 
tion of Georgia," under which it .still pursues its labors. Through 
 
the influence of the association legislation has been enacted tending 
 
to promote the public health and regulate the practice of medicine. 
 
The year book issued by the organization is regarded as one of the 
 
best publications of its kind, and many of the ablest papers in the 
 
Journal of the American Medical association have been written 
 
by Georgia physicians. 
 
A "Georgia Medical Society" was incorporated by the act of 
 
Dec. 12, 1804, with Noble W. Jones as president; John Irvine as 
 
vice-president; John Grimes as secretary, and Lemuel Kollock as 
 
treasurer. Although this organization had corresponding mem 
 
bers all over the state the meetings were held monthly in Savan 
 
nah, and never became more than local in its character, so far as 
 
active work was concerned. It continued in existence for about 
 
twenty-five years, when it became inactive, so that the state asso 
 
ciation really had its origin in: the movement of 1849. 
 
Medical College of Georgia, On Dec. 20, 1828, the general as 
 
sembly passed an act incorporating the "Medical Academy of 
 
Georgia," at Augusta, and providing for twenty-four trustees. The 
 
first meeting of the board was held on March 2, 1829, and the fol 
 
lowing May the name was changed to that of the "Medical Institute 
 
of Georgia." In 1833 the legislature voted an appropriation of $10,- 
 
000, at which time the name was changed to its present form. 
 
In 1873 it became a department of the state university. The lec 
 
tures embrace the subjects usually treated in first class medical 
 
colleges, and many of the leading physicians of the South owe their 
 
professional education to this institution. 
 
Medical Colleges. Besides the medical schools sepcifically men 
 
tioned in this work others hav: e been organized and conducted for 
 
a time, though they are no longer in existence. Perhaps the most 
 
noted of these was the OgletHorpe medical college, which was in 
 
stituted at Savannah in 1855. \ During its career some of the most 
 
eminent physicians of that portion of the state were members of 
 
its faculty. 
 
: 
 
The Savannah Spring school of medicine was mentioned in the 
 
Southern Medical and Surgical Journal for the first time in 1856, 
 
indicating that it was organized about that time. According to the 
 
notice in the Journal the term extended from the middle of March 
 
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5| : 
 
to the end of June. The fee or tuition was fifty dollars, in advance. :' But little of the history of this institution has been preserved. 
The Savannah medical college was organized in 1853. The at tendance the following year was forty-nine, and in 1855 twelve students were graduated. No record of this school after the year 1879 is obtainable. 
Medical Society. (See Medical Association). Medway Church. On March 20, 1630, a number of Congregationalists set sail from Plymouth, England, for America, in order to enjoy civil and religious liberty. After many tribulations they reached Charlestown and finally settled at a place called by the Indians Mattapan, but to which they gave the name of Dorchester, after the town in England from which several of their number emigrated. In 1695 others came over from Dorchester and on Feb. 2, 1696, the sacrament of the Lords supper was celebrated for the first time in South Carolina. The congregation continued in South Carolina until the spring of 1752, when, because of the unhealthy surroundings and the quantity of lands becoming too small for the number of inhabitants, they decided to remove to Georgia, The following statement regarding this removal is taken from an old record-book of the church: "On Monday, ye llth of May, anno 1752, three persons of our Society sett off from Beach Hill for Georgia, to view the lands : there; and on Thursday, the 16th, ar rived at Medway, the place proposed. After a few days stay, haveing viewed Medway Swamp, and approving of it, and heard of large Quantitys of good Lands adjoining, they returned home, with an account of what they had heard and seen. Upon which a Disposition to remove seemed to encrease among us, tho opposed by several, and a Further Search was determined. A Petition was also drawn up, and signed by many, to be presented to the Council of Georgia, for a Reserve of a Quantity of Land for us, if approved of by the Searchers; and on Monday, ye 15th of June, 1752, five of the said Society set off for Medway, where they arrived on Thurs day, the 25th, and continued their searches till the third of July, and got as good a satisfaction for the Time as could be expected, and returned from thence to Savanna with their Petition, and got a Grant of 22,400 acres of land, to be reserved for us eighteen months." (See Dissenters). The settlement was commenced at Medway on May 16, 1752, some of the petitioners not caring to wait for the action of the entire congregation. Regarding this settlement James Habersham says in a letter to Benjamin Martyn, secretary of the board of 
 
 556 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
trustees: "In 1752, five persons, deputed by forty-three families, part of a congregation of Protestant dissenters, with their minister, in the neighboring province, had applied for lands to settle here, which was granted; and that it was expected that several more of their brethren would want to join them. Accordingly twentyeight persons by their deputies petitioned the Board yesterday for lands, and received a satisfactory answer. * * * I really look upon these people moving here to be one of the most favourable circum stances that could befall the new colony. They are all inured to the climate, know how to begin new settlements, and will be an immediate benefit by increasing her products." 
Such was the character of the men who founded the settlement at Medway, which was afterward known as Medway Church. It was located on the south side of the Medway river, in Liberty county, and about twenty-two miles south of Savannah. The first house of worship was built on Medway Neck. It was a temporary affair and was replaced by a new structure in 1754 at the Cross Paths, on the north side of the north branch of Newport Swamp now called the North Newport river. This house was destroyed by fire in 1778 by a body of British soldiers under the command of Colonel Prevost. Another house was erected in 1792 and this remained standing for more than half a century. 
Several times during the Revolution Medway Church was the scene of warfare. A large majority of the people in that section were intensely loyal to the American cause and were therefore fit objects for Tory hatred and; persecution. In November, 1778, an expedition, made up of British regulars under Colonel Prevost and about 300 Indians and Tory refugees under the notorious McGirth, began to raid the settlements, leaving ruin and desolation in their wake. Col. John White, with about 100 men and two pieces of artillery, took a position at Medway Church, hoping to hold the invaders in check until he could be reinforced by Colonel Elbert, at Savannah. He took possession of a causeway, over which the British must pass, and stationed his cannon so as to com mand the road. About the time his arrangements were completed he was joined by a small force under Gen. James Screven. The first encounter occurred on the morning of the 24th about a mile and a half south of the church, where each side was trying to lay an ambush for the other. Here General Screven received a wound, from the effects of which he died the following day. White re treated to the church, but the enemy being five to his one, he was again driven from his position and fell back toward the Ogeechee 
 
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S57 
 
river. On this retreat he wrote a letter, apparently from Colonel Elbert, ordering him to fall back in such a way as to draw the Brit ish after him until a large force of cavalry already south of the Ogeechee could gain the rear and capture the whole force. This letter was dropped where it would be certain to find its way to Colonel Prevost and it had the effect of checking the pursuit. The British then contented themselves with burning the church and looting the settlement. 
On June 27, 1779, Colonels Baker and Twiggs, of the Georgia militia, with a small force of volunteer cavalry, while marching toward Sunbury, fell in with a detachment of McGirths men at Medway meeting-house. A short but sharp skirmish ensued in which the Tories were defeated, a number of them being made prisoners. 
Meeks, a post-village of Johnson county, with a. population of 55, is on the Wadley & Mount Vernon railroad, and is five miles south east of Wrightsville. 
Megahee, a post-hamlet of McDuffie county, is about four miles southwest of Dearing, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Meigs, a town in the northwestern part of Thomas county, is lo cated on a branch of the Atlantic Coast Line railway between Thomasville and Albany. It was incorporated by act of the legis lature in 1889, and in 1900 it had in its corporate limits 617 inhabi tants, and in its entire district 1,252. It is the shipping point for a considerable section of the county and deals in lumber, turpentine, rosin and sugar-cane syrup. It has a money order postomce with rural free delivery, express and telegraph offices, a bank, a number of stores having a good; country trade, and the people have all the advantages derived from schools and churches. 
Meikleham, Harry P., agent of the Massachusetts Mills in Geor gia Company, at Lindale, Floyd county, is one of the representative young business men of the state and is identified in an executive capacity with one of the most important industrial enterprises of this commonwealth, the cotton mills of the company mentioned being the largest and most modern in Georgia. The same company also founded the fine little city of Lindale, one of the busy and pro gressive industrial centers which well indicate the wonderful strides Georgia has made within: the past decade. The mills of the com pany at Lindale were organized in 1895, as subsidiary to the Mas sachusetts Cotton Mills, of Lowell, Mass., and here a great com mercial and industrial enterprise has been built up, surpassing in scope and importance even the most sanguine expectations of the 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
promoters. Concerning the agent of the company, the following pertinent article appeared in a special edition of the Georgia Free Lance, of Lindale, under date of June 17, 1905: "One could just as easily imprison a shadow and give it form as to conjure up a mental engravure of Capt. Harry P. Meikleham and put it before the eyes of the public; not that he is evanescent or variable but simply because he does not choose to be fathomed. One thing of a certainty may be said of him, and that is He is the only one. It would take more argument than anyone has yet advanced to make those to whom the different phases of the man have presented themselves in business or, social life believe that he is not all that their friendship and esteem have pictured him. Another thing is equally sure, and that is that since his administration as agent for the Massachusetts mills he has" doubled their capacity and re vealed their importance to the industrial interests of the country to a most remarkable degree. Not to know about the great mills of the Massachusetts Company at Lindale is to argue ones self very much unknown, indeed. Few men have so remarkable per spicacity as to men and affairs or so wonderful executive power in places that would stagger -the ordinary run of men. While natural ability and experience count largely in Mr. Meiklehams peculiar adaptability for the management of so extensive an institution as the Massachusetts mills yet it must not be forgotten that he has had special training, having served seven years apprenticeship in learning the business. It is not only to the Massachusetts mills that Mr. Meiklehams power of plan and execution have rendered such signal service, but also to this whole north Georgia section he has been a tremendous force of energy and progress. He is a stanch friend, a fearless foe. He is dependable in friendship, a stanch ally, a princely host, a careful and just discerner, a Crom well in purpose, beloved and respected by all those who serve under his authority, a man whose comparative youth is brightly illu mined with promise, a Virginia gentleman, a man of few words, quick actions and splendid deeds." 
Meinhard, a post-town in the northern part of Chatham county, is on the Seaboard Air "Line railway and is about twelve miles from Savannah. It has telegraph and express offices, some mercantile concerns, and in 1900 had a population of 100. 
Meldrim, a town in Effingham county, is eighteen miles from Savannah, at the junction of the Central of Georgia and Seaboard Air Line railways. The population in 1900 was 150. It has a 
 
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559 
 
money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, some mer cantile interests and does a great deal of shipping. 
Meldrim, Peter W., a prominent and influential member of the bar of Savannah and Chatham county, was born in that city, Dec. 4, 1848, and is a son of Ralph and Jane (Fawcett) Meldrim. He secured his earlier educational training in the schools of his native city, the Chatham academy and, under private tutor, after which he entered the University of Georgia, in the literary department of which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1868, receiv ing the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He entered the law depart ment of the same institution immediately after his graduation and was graduated in the latter, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, in 1869. In 1871 his alma mater conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. He has been actively engaged in the practice of his profession in Savannah since 1869 and is known as a man of high professional attainments, marked ability as a trial lawyer, a discriminating counsellor, and is held in high regard as a citizen of liberal and progressive attitude. He is an advocate of the prin ciples and policies of the Democratic party, has been an effective advocate of its cause and prominent in its councils. He served asa member of the lower,house of the state legislature; as a mem ber of the state senate for two terms; and gave a most vigorous and acceptable administration of the municipal government of Sa vannah during a two years incumbency of the office of mayor, gaining the commendation and endorsement of all classes of citi zens. Mr. Meldrim was between fifteen and sixteen years of age at the time of the march of Sherman to Savannah, and he reported for duty to William S. Chishom, captain of a local company of the Home Guards, being made a corporal in the same. He was with his company in the trenches in defense of Savannah at the time Sherman made his advance on the city. He is identified with the Masonic fraternity, the: Knights of Pythias, the Independent Or der of Odd Fellows, and with the Capital City, Oglethorpe, Hus sars, and Savannah Yacht clubs. On June 30, 1881, Mr. Meldrim was united in marriage : to Miss Frances P. Casey, daughter of Dr. Henry R. and Caroline; (Harris) Casey, of Columbia county, Ga., and they have four children living, namely: Caroline Louise, Frances Casey, Sophie dA., and Jane. Frances C. is now the wife of G. Noble Jones, of ^Savannah. Ralph Meldrim, the only son, died on March 19, 1906, at the age of twenty-one years. 
Mell, Patrick Hues, clergyman and educator, was born at Walthourville, Liberty county, Ga., July 10, 1814. In 1833 he entered 
 
 560 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Amherst college at Amherst, Mass., but left the institution two years later to become a teacher. In 1837 he returned to Georgia, where he engaged in teaching and also commenced preaching, hav ing united with the North Newport Baptist church in 1832. In 1856 he was simultaneously elected president of Cherokee college; principal of the boys high school at Columbus; principal of the Baptist female college at Talladega, Ala.; pastor of the Talladega Baptist church, and professor of ancient languages in the Univer sity of Georgia, but declined all except the last. About the same time he was elected president of the Georgia Baptist convention and served continuously until 1888. In 1858 Furman university of South Carolina conferred on him the degree of D. D. and in 1860 he was elected to the chair of ethics and metaphysics in the University of Georgia, holding it until it was abolished in 1872. When the citizens of Athens^ organized for defense in 1863 he was elected colonel, the chancellor and nearly all the students enroll ing their names for military service. His command served until the close of the war. When the exercises of the university were resumed in 1866, he returned to his old position and subsequently was made chancellor of the: institution, a position he filled with signal fidelity and ability. He died on Jan. 12, 1888. 
Melrose, a town in the extreme southeast corner of Lowndes county, is on the Georgia Southern & Florida railroad, and in 1900 had a population of 131. It has telegraph and express offices, a money order postoffice, some good stores, and does a good ship ping business. 
Melville, a post-hamlet of Pickens county, is about seven miles southwest of Jasper, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Memorial Day. The custom of placing flowers on the graves of Southern soldiers began immediately upon the closing of hos tilities, in the early spring ofi; 1865, and was first instituted by the ladies of Columbus, among whom Mrs. Mary A. Williams was prominent. . Her husband, C. J. Williams, colonel of the First Georgia regulars, died in the ispring of 1862 and was buried in the cemetery at Columbus. It is related of Mrs. Williams that she and her little daughter would frequently go to the cemetery and place flowers on his grave. One day the little girl asked her mothers permission to put flowers on the graves of other soldiers buried near by, and this incident suggested to the mother the idea of having one day in the year devoted to decorating, with appro priate ceremonies, the graves ;of the Confederate dead. At a meet ing of ladies in Columbus she was appointed to write a letter to 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ggl 
 
the public on the subject, and accordingly her letter of March 13, 1866, was widely published. In this letter she said: "We cannot raise monumental shafts and inscribe thereon their many deeds of heroism, but can keep alive the memory of the debt we owe them, by dedicating at least one day in each year to embellishing their humble graves with flowers. Therefore we beg the assistance of the press and the ladies throughout the South to aid us in the ef fort to set apart a certain day to be observed, from the Potomac to the Rio Grande, and be handed down through time as a religious custom of the South; to wreathe the graves of our martyred dead with flowers; and we propose the 26th of April as the day." The proposal of Mrs. Williams found favor with the Northern as well as the Southern people and the ceremony, if not the date, is now observed in every state in the Union. The general assembly of Georgia, by suitable legislation, set apart April 26th as a legal holiday, to be observed as Memorial day. 
Menlo, one of the important towns of Chattooga county, was: in corporated by act of thelegislature on August 11, 1903. It is on the Chattanooga Southern railroad, near the Alabama line, in the midst of a fine farming and fruit growing district. Near the town are rich deposits of iron ore and some mineral springs noted for their medicinal properties. The town has a money order postoffice, with several rural .routes emanating from it, express and telegraph offices, and is the commercial center of the surrounding country. 
: Mercer, George A., one of Savannahs most honored and distinguished citizens, was born in that city, Feb. 9, 1835, and is the eldest son of Gen. Hugh Weedon and Mary S. (Anderson) Mercer. His paternal grandmother was the daughter of Cyrus Griffin, of Virginia, who mar ried Lady Christina Stewart, daughter ;of the Earl of Traquier, of Scotland, and ;who was president of the Continental ;congress. The paternal great-grand: father of Col, George A. Mercer, was :Gen. Hugh Mercer, of the Continental army, an intimate personal friend of General Washington. He was killed in the battle iof Princeton, in a hand-to-hand conflict with the British grenadiers. Mary (Anderson) Mercer was the daughter of George Anderson, a prominent citizen and wealthy 
36--11 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
cotton merchant of Savannah. A sketch of Gen. Hugh W. Mer cers life appears elsewhere in this work. George A. Mercer, the immediate subject of this review, was the eldest son of General Mercer. He received his preliminary education in Savannah and at the age of thirteen years was sent to the celebrated school of Mr. Russell, in New Haven, Conn. Returning to Savannah, he continued his studies under the tutorship of William T. Feay, a well known educator of the city at that time, and under such di rection was prepared for college. In 1853 he entered the sopho more class of Princeton college, properly designated as the College of New Jersey, in matter of corporate title, and in that celebrated institution he was graduated in 1856, with the degree of Master of Arts. He attended the law school of the University of Vir ginia in 1857-8 and then made a European tour. Upon his return to Savannah he entered the law office of Loyd & Owens, and was admitted to the bar in that city in January, 1859. Thereafter he passed one year in the law office of the firm of Ward, Jackson & Jones, all men of note. He then entered into a professional co partnership with George A. Gordon, then general counsel of the Central of Georgia railway. At the inception of the Civil war he entered the Confederate service as a corporal in the Republican Blues, of Savannah. In November, 1861, he was appointed to of fice in the department of the adjutant general, with the rank of captain and assistant adjutant general, and was attached to his fathers command. He was later assigned to the Western Army, and upon the breaking up of General Walkers division he became adjutant of Smiths brigade, in the division commanded by Gen. Patrick Cleburne. At the end of the war he was ordered from the Tennessee river to report to Gen. Howell Cobb, at Macon, Ga., where he was captured by-the forces under Major-General Wilson, but was soon afterward paroled. He returned to Savannah and, as soon as the courts were;opened, resumed the practice of his pro fession, his business quickly becoming large and lucrative. In 1872 and 1874 he represented Chatham county in the state legisla ture. He was offered the position of federal, judge for Georgia by President Arthur, between whom and himself a strong personal friendship existed, but he was compelled to decline the offer bewas asked to accept a nomination for Congress. He Would have been elected without opposition, but he never at any time desired or sought to hold any political office, believing that success as a politician necessarily circumscribed independence of personal thought and action, which to him appeared the most desirable of 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
563 
 
all earthly possessions. He determined to pursue the practice of his profession and to devote his energies to the betterment of his native city. He continued his interest in the military affairs of Savannah, and upon the reorganization of the commands became captain of his old war company, the Republican Blues, retaining this office fifteen years, within which time, unless absent from the city, he never missed a drill or meeting. He was then elected col onel of the First Volunteer regiment of Georgia, holding the office for nine years and being the ranking colonel of the state. Until his health became impaired Colonel Mercer always took a very active part in all local matters to the interest of Savannah. He was commodore of the Yacht club, member of the board of truscause of the meager salary then attached to the office. Later he tees of Chatham academy, president of the Savannah medical so ciety, and also the Savanah library association. He early became a member of the Georgia historical society, in the functions and literary work of which he experienced a deep and abiding interest. He was soon made one of the board of curators and then vicepresident. Upon the death of President John Screven he was elected president of the society, in February, 1900, and has since remained the incumbent of this position, while he has also been the executive head of the societys valuable art adjunct, the Telfair Academy of Arts and Sciences. Colonel Mercers chief in terest and energy, however, have been centered in the Savannah board of public education. He was elected a permanent member this board on Dec. 14, 1876; was vice-president from Nov. 8, 1880, to March 12, 1883, on which latter date he was chosen president, an office which he has continuously filled for more than twentytwo years, much longer than the tenure of any preceding presi dent. In 1895 Colonel Mercer was afflicted with a nervous malady which has since incapacitated him for all professional or any other very active work. He married Miss Nannie Maury Herndon, of Fredericksburg, Va., and they became the parents of seven chil dren, of whom five are living. Mrs. Mercer entered into eternal rest in June, 1885. 
Mercer, Hugh Weedon, soldier and banker, was born at Fred ericksburg, Va., Nov. :27, 1808, and was a grandson of Gen. Hugh Mercer of Revolutionary renown. When he was sixteen years of age he was appointed:to a cadetship in the United States military academy at West Point and graduated in 1828, in the class with Jefferson Davis, Gen. Robert E. Lee having graduated in the pre ceding year. He entered the army as second lieutenant in the 
 
 564 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Second artillery; served at the artillery school for practice at Fort 
 
ress Monroe; at .the Augusta, Ga., arsenal; at Fort Mitchell, AJa.; 
 
at Savannah, and as aide-de-camp to General Scott, being pro 
 
moted to first lieutenant on Oct. 10, 1834. On April 30, 1835, he 
 
resigned his commission in the army and settled at Savannah, 
 
where from 1835 to 1845 he was first lieutenant in the Chatham 
 
artillery. In 1841 he became cashier of the Planters bank, of 
 
Savannah, and held that position until 1861, when he entered the 
 
Confederate service as colonel of the First Georgia volunteer regi 
 
ment. In October, 1861, he was commissioned brigadier-general, 
 
and for the first three years of the war was in command at Savan 
 
nah. In 1864 he was ordered with his brigade to Dalton and 
 
served with distinction in the commands of Gens. Joseph E. John- 
 
ston and John B. Hood in the military operations around Atlanta, 
 
his brigade winning the plaudits of the division commander, Gen. 
 
W. H. T. Walker, for its bravery at Kennesaw mountain. After 
 
the death of General Walker, General Mercer commanded the divi 
 
sion until in the reorganization of the army its brigades were dis 
 
tributed to other commands. After the war he returned to Sa 
 
vannah, where he resumed his business as a banker. Subse 
 
quently he made a visit to Europe and died at Baden Baden, Ger 
 
many, June 9, 1877. 
 
: 
 
Mercer, Jesse, Baptist minister and founder of Mercer univer 
 
sity, was born on Dec. 16> 1769, in Halifax county, N. C. His 
 
father, Silas Mercer, was a Baptist minister of note and it is said 
 
that Jesse was immersed in his childhood in a barrel of water. At 
 
the age of nineteen years he married Sabrina Chives, and most of 
 
his education was obtained after his marriage. He was ordained 
 
to the ministry before he was twenty and began his labors as pas 
 
tor of Sardis church, in Wilkes county. For nearly forty years 
 
he was pastor of the Phillips Mills church, now in Taliaferro 
 
county. He also served as pastor of Bethesda church, in Greene 
 
county; Powells creek church, in Hancock county; organized a 
 
church at Eatonton in 1818 and was its pastor for six years; or 
 
ganized a church at Washington, in 1827, of which he was pastor 
 
until his death. In 1833 he purchased the Christian Index, pub 
 
lished by Dr. Brantley in; Philadelphia, removed it to Washing 
 
ton, where he conducted it until 1840, when it was turned over to 
 
the Baptist state convention and removed to Penfield. From 1795 
 
to 1816 he was clerk of the Georgia Baptist association, and for 
 
the next twenty-three years was moderator. He was always ac 
 
tive in missionary work and never missed an opportunity to ad- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
; ggg: 
 
vance the cause of education. He played an important part in the establishment of Mount Zion college, in Richmond county, contributed to the support of a Baptist college in the District of Columbia, and displayed so much zeal in the upbuilding of Mer cer university that the institution was named in his honor. He is called the greatest of Georgia Baptist preachers. His death oc curred on Sept. 6, 1841, about two months before he reached his seventy-second birthday. More than half a century he labored unceasingly in behalf of religion and education, and his influence is still felt in the state where the greater part of his long and use ful life was passed. 
Mercer, John Robert, of Dawson, Terrell county, a prominent farmer and busi ness man, was born near Preston, Web ster county, Ga., Oct. 31, 1854, a son of William H. and Mary E. (Boyd) Mer cer, the former born in Columbia county, Ga., in 1830, and the latter in Edgefield county, S. C, in 1835. William H. Mer cer was a valiant soldier of the Con federacy during the entire period of the Civil war, having enlisted as a private and been promoted to corporal within the first year of his service, and later was made orderly sergeant. Shortly afterward he was captured and was held as a prisoner until nearly the close of the war, when, with thirty-nine privates, he was exchanged. After the war he served nearly twenty years as tax collector of Webster county. His reputation for genial waggishness and wit has clung to him from his youth to the present and his friends greatly enjoy his good-humored jocularity and pleasing quips. He has devoted the major part of his active career to agricultural pursuits, but leased his lands a few years ago and has since lived retired, having reached the age of nearly four score years. John R. Mercer re ceived limited educational training in the schools of Webster county, and continued to be identified with the operation of the home plantation until 1870, when he secured a position as sales man in the general store of his uncle, Phillip E. Boyd, of Leary, Calhoun county, and rose to the position of head clerk and buyer. In 1879 he removed to Dawson, where he was associated with his father-in-law, John B. Perry, in the private banking business un til 1887. He then organized the First State bank of Dawson. In 
 
 566 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
1894 he retired from the active executive work of the bank, being succeeded by his nephew, J. Mercer Bell. He has been the largest original stockholder in all three of the banks of Dawson, and now owns the controlling interest in two, the First State and the City National, being a director of each of these, as well as in all of the principal incorporated enterprises of Dawson, including the Dawson Compress & Storage Company, the Dawson Square Bale Gin & Mill Company, the Dawson Consolidated Grocery Company, the Farmers Oil & Fertilizer Company, the Variety Works Company, and the Condray Power Company. He retains large farming in terests in this section, is a dealer in real estate and extends loans on real estate security. He is a Democrat of the uncompromising type and he is now serving; his third term as mayor of Dawson. For more than a quarter of a century he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church South, of which Mrs. Mercer also is a devoted member. On Aug. 20, 1879, Mr. Mercer was united in marriage to Miss Ella R.; Perry, daughter of John B. and Mar tha W. (Loge) Perry, of Warren county. They have no chil dren, but it has been their pleasure to aid in the education of a large number of young folks, while to them is accorded the unre served esteem of the entire community. 
Mercer, Samuel, (sometimes written Marcer) was one of the bailiffs in the early days of the colony. He was an Englishman by birth. Like Thomas Causton he was guilty of misbehavior, the details of which are riot stated, further than that he had "proved faithless to his trust." The records give but little account of his career. 
Mercer University. In 1828 Josiah Penfield, a deacon in the Savannah Baptist church, offered to give $2,500 for the purpose of educating worthy young; men for the ministry, provided the Baptist Convention would raise a similar sum. More than the re quired amount was subscribed by the delegates to the Milledgeville convention in March, 1829, a charter was obtained the fol lowing December, and in January, 1833, the school was opened with Rev. B. M. Sanders as: principal. It was located in Greene county, where the village of Penfield now stands, and the build ings consisted of two double cabins, which answered for both school-rooms and dormitories. The school was called Mercer In stitute, in honor of Rev. Jesse Mercer, who did a great deal toward placing the enterprise on a solid footing. His own donations amounted to something like $40,000 and by his efforts and exam ple others were induced to contribute to its support. In 1837 the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
567 
 
institution was chartered as a college and in May, 1838, the first board of trustees of Mercer university was elected. It was one of the few institutions of its kind that did not suspend operations dur ing the Civil war. Toward the close of that conflict a resolution was adopted to admit dissabled Confederate soldiers without charge for tuition and a large number of young men availed them selves of this generous opportunity to acquire an education. About 1870 the city council of Macon offered to give nine acres of ground, in a desirable locality, and $135,000 if the university should be removed to that city. The offer was accepted by the board of trustees and in October, 1871, the university was opened at Macon. Before the new buildings contemplated were all erected the panic of 1873 came on and caused a suspension of further operations in that direction, so that it: was about 1880 before the school was comfortably quartered in its new location. The institution now has about a dozen good buildings, the main one of which is one of the finest school buildings in the South. The university em braces three departments: Liberal Arts, Theology, and Law, in each of which the course of study is arranged along the lines adopted by the leading universities of the country Since its first opening over 1,000 young men have graduated at Mercer, many of whom have become noted in the ministry of the Baptist church, as well as in other lines of human activity. 
Merchants Bank, The, of McRae, Telfair county, was organized in 1897, with a capital stock of $25,000 and with the following corps of officers: Thomas Eason, president; J. F. Cook, vice-president; L. L. Campbell, cashier. The bank was incorporated under the laws of the state in 1900, and its present officers are: H. E. Pritchett, president; E. F. McRae, vice-president; H. P. Whiddon, cashier; A. V. Whiddon,. assistant cashier; Judge Max L. McRae, attorney. The president is a resident of Jacksonville, Fla., and the other officers reside in McRae. The bank is established in a substantial and attractive building of its own, at the corner of Oak street and Second avenue, and controls a large and representative business. From the official statement of the bank issued Jan. 9, 1906, the following items are secured: Time loans against col lateral, $73,205.56; banking house and fixtures, $3,574.14; due from other banks and bankers^ $39,128.61; cash on hand, $2,130.77; real estate, $4,100. Total, $122,142.08. Capital stock, $15,000; surplus fund, $10,455.89; dividends unpaid, $1,360; individual deposits sub ject to check, $68,525.11; time certificates of deposit, $26,676JO; cashiers checks outstanding, $124.98. Total, $122,142.08. 
 
 568 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Meridian, a post-village of Mclntosh county, with a population of 47, is on the Darien & Western railroad, about six miles from Darien. 
Meriwether, a post-town of Baldwin county, is eight miles north west of Milledgeville, on the Central of Georgia railroad. It is the principal trading center for that part of the county and has important shipping interests. The population in 1900 was 127. 
Meriwether County was created from Troup in December, 1827, and was named for David Meriwether, who was prominent in the early history of the state. It is located in the western part of the state and is bounded on the north by Coweta county, on the east by Spalding, Upson and Pike, on the south by Talbot and Harris and on the west by Troup. The land is well watered and the sur face is undulating, the Pine Mountains adding a touch of the pic turesque to the scenery. Cotton, wheat, potatoes, field and ground peas, sorghum, sugar-cane, vegetables and all kinds of fruits are raised, both for home consumption and for the market. Waterpower is furnished by the Flint: river and its affluents and along their banks are a number of factories. Gold, iron, asbestos and granite occur in various places. The gold mines, worked by primi tive methods for forty years, have yielded well and lately they have been developed by modern methods until they now equal any in the state. The elegant church of St. Luke, at Columbus, is built of Meriwether county granite, which equals the celebrated Quincy granite in its polish. Immense quantities of this stone are shipped to various cities on the Atlantic seaboard. There are numerous mineral springs in the county, notably the Chalybeate, in the east ern part, the Warm Springs, six: miles further west, and the Sul phur Spring, whose waters resemble the famous Indian Springs in Butts county. A mile east of Warm Springs is the Cold Spring, where the United States has established a fish hatchery. The present facilities for travel and shipping are somewhat limited, but railroads are under contemplation that will open the vast min eral and agricultural resources of the county. Greenville is the county seat. Woodbury, Oakland:, Bullochville, Lutherville, Rockymount, Raleigh and Stinson are thriving villages. The population in 1900 was 23,339, an increase of 2,599 in ten years. 
Meriwether, David, soldier arid statesman, was born in Albemarle, Va., in 1755. He received a limited education, enough, however, to make him an enthusiastic and intelligent advocate of American interests when troubles arose with England. When the Revolutionary war broke oat he entered the Colonial army 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
and rose to the rank of brigadier-general. He was at the siege of:: Savannah in 1779 and was for a time a prisoner of war in the hands of the British. In 1785 he settled in Wilkes county, Ga., which he represented for several terms in the legislature, and in 1802 was elected to Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resigna tion of Benjamin Taliaferro. He was reflected to the two suc ceeding congresses; was a commissioner to negotiate a treaty with the Creek Indians in 1804; a presidential elector in 1812, and died near Athens on Nov. 16, 1822. A county in the western part of the state bears his name. 
Meriwether, James, congressman, was a native of Wilkes county, where he received his education in the common schools. In 1824 he was elected to Congress and served one term as a representa tive. 
Meriwether, James A., member of Congress, was a native of Georgia. In 1840 he took an active part in the campaign as a Whig and the same year was elected to the lower branch of Con gress from the Eatonton district, where he lived. He served but one term. 
Merrill, Joseph Hansel, a prominent lawyer and representative citizen of Thomasville, Thomas county, was born in that city, Oct. 12, 1863. He is a son of Joseph S. and Anna (Hall) Merrill, the former of whom was born in Meri wether county, Ga., Sept. 11, 1826, and the: latter in Milledgeville, Ga., March 26,; 1825. Joseph S. Merrill, who was graduated in Oglethorpe college, at Mill edgeville, was a farmer and accountant by vocation. He died Oct. 1, 1896, at Thomasville. His father, Lemuel Mer rill, was graduated in the law department of Dartmouth college, Vt, and immediately afterward removed to Meriwether county, Ga., where he engaged in the practice of his profession. Thomas Hartley, great-great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, on the maternal side, was a resident of Berks county, Pa., and served three years as a colonel in the Continental army during the war of the Revolution, at the close of which he was raised to the rank of general. He was a member of Congress for twelve years, then declining renomination. In 1896 a tablet to his memory was erected at York, Pa., by the Daughters of the American Revolu- 
 
 570 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
tion. Mrs. Anna (Hall) Merrill is a niece of Iverson L. Harris, who was a member of the supreme court of Georgia from 1866 to 1870, inclusive. Joseph .Hansel Merrill was graduated in the Uni versity of Georgia as a member of the class of 1880, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He entered the university in 1878, in the junior year, and during both years of his student work in the institution he was awarded speakers place in his class, on the strength of his standing. His preparatory discipline was secured in the Fletcher institute, in Thomasville. After leaving the uni versity he was employed one year by a cotton buyer, and then did three years of very successful work as an instructor in a branch of the state university in Thomasville. In the meanwhile he had taken up the study of law, making rapid advancement in his tech nical reading and securing admission to the bar July 9, 1884, in Thomasville, which city has remained his home from the time of his birth. He has built up an excellent practice and is recognized as an able attorney and counselor at law. In October, 1902, he was appointed referee in bankruptcy for the southwestern division of the southern district of: Georgia. He has been president of the Thomasville Real Estate & Improvement Company from the time of its organization, in 1888. He is a stanch supporter of the Dem ocratic principles as represented in the doctrines of Jefferson and Jackson, but has never sought or held political office of any sort, except that he was a member of the national Sound Money Demo cratic convention of 1896 that nominated Palmer and Buckner. He became a member of the Presbyterian church in 18.78, and has been a deacon in the same since 1898. He is identified with the American bar association and the Georgia bar association, and is affiliated with the Kappa Alpha college fraternity, the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. For fifteen years he was president of the Thomasville public library as sociation, which now has 6,000 volumes and owns a real estate valued at $8,000. He has been president of the local branch of the Young Mens Christian Association from the time of its or ganization, which institution now has a handsome building and large membership; and is a member of the state executive commit tee at the present time. In 1902 he was the alumni orator at the commencement observances of his alma mater, the University of Georgia. On Dec. 30, 1885, Mr. Merrill was united in marriage to Miss Mattie C. Pittman, who died on July 19, 1888, leaving one child, Martha E., born Dec. 25, 1886, and who was graduated with first honors of her class in the Agnes Scott institute, in 1905. On 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
571 
 
Nov. 12, 1890, Mr. Merrill married Miss Blanche Tarwater, daugh ter of Hiram and Sallie (Lewis) Tarwater, the former of whom was born in Louisville, Ky., and the latter in Clarksville, Tenn. Mr. and Mrs. Merrill became the parents of two children: Katherine, born May 4, 1892, and Elisabeth, born June 30, 1894, and died Dec. 2, 1898. A memorial to her was established by Mrs. Merrill in a building for the primary department, and a perpetual scholarship in Youngs college, at Thomasville. 
Merrillville, a post-village of Thomas county, is a station on the Fitzgerald & Thomasville division of the Atlantic & Birmingham railroad, and is about twelve miles northeast of Thomasville. It was incorporated by act of the legislature on Dec. 16, 1902. 
Merritt, a post-hamlet of Emanuel county, is about four miles southeast of Summertown, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Merritt, George Alexander, one of the 
representative members of the bar of 
Greene county, is established in practice 
in the city of Greensboro, of which he 
was formerly mayor. He was born in 
this county, Xov. 27, 1862, and is a son 
of John C. and Louisa F. (Burke) Mer 
ritt, both of whom were likewise born 
and reared in Greene county, from which 
the former went forth to do gallant serv 
ice as a soldier of the Confederacy dur 
ing the Civil war, while he was a well 
known and honored citizen of the county, and prominent in local affairs of a public nature. After availing himself of the advantages of the schools of his native county George A. Merritt was matriculated in the law department of the University of Georgia, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1892, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He was admitted to the bar of the state in the same year and since that time has been engaged in the practice of his profession in Greensboro, having been identified with much of the important litigation in the county and Federal courts, and being known as a man of high professional attainments and a citizen of progressive and public-spirited ideas. He is a stalwart in the camp of the Democracy; served one year as mayor of Greensboro; two years as a member of the city council; and for a number of years has been secretary of the Democratic county committee. He is a mem ber of the Methodist Episcopal church South. In 1892 Mr. Mer- 
 
 572 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ritt was united in marriage to Miss Lila Boswell, daughter of W. J. Boswell, of Penfield, Greene county, and she died in the follow ing year. 
Merritt, Robert Lewis, is an able mem ber of the Hancock county bar and is established in successful practice in Sparta. He was born in Monroe county, Ga., Aug. 24, 1867, and is a son of Capt. John R. and Mary Gayle (Lewis) Mer ritt, the former of whom was born in Monroe county and the latter in Han cock county. John R. Merritt was cap tain of Company A, Fourteenth Georgia volunteer infantry, in the Confederate ; service in the Civil war, making a rec ord for gallantry and intrepid valor. He is now living at Sparta. His wife died Feb. 22, 1905. Robert L. Merritt secured his early educational training in the schools of his native county, having been for some time a student in Hilliard institute, now the Banks Stevens institute in Forsyth. He read law under the preceptorship of Robert L. Berner, of that place, and was admitted to the bar on Sept. 8, 1888. He initiated the prac tice of his profession in Forsyth, whence he removed to Barnesville, Pike county, in 1889, there remaining in practice until 1896, when he located in Sparta, where he has built up a flourishing and important professional business. He was associated in practice with Thomas M. Hunt for five years after coming to Sparta, and since that time has conducted an individual practice. Mr. Mer ritt is a leader in the local ranks of the Democracy. In 1898 he was elected to represent Hancock county in the state legislature, being chosen as his own succesor in 1900, and in 1902-3 he served as a member of the state senate, making an excellent record in both houses of the legislative body. Merritt, William B., state school commissioner of Georgia, was born in Marion county, Ga., June 15, 1865. He is a son of the late Rev. William B. Merritt and Mary Jane (Bozeman) Merritt. His grandfather, Mickleberry Merritt, was a pioneer citizen and prom inent official of Monroe county. The subject of this sketch secured his rudimentary education in the common schools of the district. The work of the schools was supplemented in the home circle, and his fathers farm gave discipline in "nature study, manual training and agriculture." In the high schools of Friendship and Weston, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
573 
 
Ga., he was prepared to enter the junior class in Emory college, in which institution he was graduated in 1885. Mr. Merritt chose teaching as his profession, and promotions were offered as his 
work became known. He was suc 
cessively principal of schools at Ellaville, Richland, Zebulon, Montezuma and Co lumbus, Ga. He was reflected at Colum 
bus for the fifth year, but being offered the superintendency of the schools at 
Valdosta he accepted the position in 1895. 
He1 continued to fill this position for 
seven years and also held the office of 
county school commissioner of Lowndes 
county for two and one-half years. He 
was filling these two positions when elect 
ed to the office of state school commis sioner, in 1902. Of Professor Merritt it has well been said that he is a "progressive educator, his thorough equipment for his life work having been systematically secured in actual school exper ience," and he has made an impress upon the people as a "sincere, practical and thoroughly experienced educator and as a man of sterling worth and great force of character." In 1895 Professor Merritt was united in marriage to Miss Katie Pope, daughter of the late Judge James S. Pope, of Zebulon. 
Merry, Arthur Holmes, member of the wholesale produce and provision firm of Hill & Merry and senior member of the firm of Merry Bros., manufacturers of brick, in the city of Augusta, was born in that city, Aug. 20, 1864. He is a son of Henry A. and Ara bella V. (Holmes) Merry, the former of whom was born in Wash ington, Wilkes county, this state, in 1833, and the latter in Colum bia county, in 1840. They now reside in Augusta, the father being a retired planter and merchant and a veteran soldier of the Confederate service in the Civil war. After a preparatory course in Augusta, Arthur H. Merry was matriculated in Emory college, Oxford, Ga., where he was graduated as a member of the class of 1888, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts. After leaving col lege he assumed a clerical position in the office of the Polar Ice Company of Augusta, three months later taking a position ,as bookkeeper for the Augusta Brick Company. At the expiration of one year he became the Augusta representative of the celebrated Bradstreet Commercial Agency, serving as such from 1889 until 1893, in which latter year he associated himself with Audley Hill 
 
 574 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
in the wholesale produce and provision business, under the title of Hill & Merry, which still obtains, the firm standing as one of the leading concerns of the sort in Augusta. He is associated with his younger brothers, Ernest B. and Walter D., in the brick-manu facturing business, under the firm name of Merry Bros. The fine plant of the firm is located on the southeastern environs of the city and has an annual capacity for the output of from 8,000,000 to 10,000,000 brick. The headquarters of the firm of Hill & Merry are located in the Triangular block, in the best business section of Augusta. Mr. Merry is a member of the executive committee of the Georgia-Carolina Brick Manufacturers association, and.is sec retary of the Mutual Fire Indemnity Association of America, an Augusta concern of most substantial and important sort. His po litical allegiance is given to the Democratic party, and he and his wife are zealous members of St. Johns church, Methodist Episco pal South, in which he is secretary and treasurer of the board of trustees, member of the board of stewards, and assistant superin tendent of the Sunday school. On Oct. 22, 1890, Mr. Merry was united in marriage to Miss May C. Pierce, daughter of Joseph B. and Sophia A. (Boardman) Pierce, of Hartford, Conn., the latter being now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Merry have four sons, namely: Pierce, Kenneth Holmes, Arthur Brian, and Guy Hamilton, aged respectively at this writing, in 1903, thirteen, nine, two and a half years and eight months. 
Mershon, a post-village in the northern part of Pierce county, with a population of 45, is on the Atlantic & Birmingham railroad, about ten miles west of Offerman. 
Mertins, Frederick G., one of the lead ing merchant tailors and dealers in mens furnishing goods in the city of Augusta, was born in Rosenberg, western Prus sia, Germany, on April 1, 1861, being a son of Gottfried and Wilhelmina (Kuhn) Mertins. On Aug. 20, 1872, when he was a lad of eleven years, Mr. Mertins came with his parents to America, the family first settling in Abbeville county, S. C., where they remained on a farm un til Jan. 3, 1878, when they removed to Augusta, Ga., where the father still re sides, the devoted wife and mother having been summoned to the eternal life on June 28, 1905. Of the ten children the subject of 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
575 
 
this sketch was the only son, and his seven surviving sisters are: Johanna Christina, now the wife of Czarnitzki Arnold; Laura, wife of Frederick Wilhelm Werner; Henrietta, wife of Charles Sancken; Ida, wife of Richard DeFlorin; Lena, wife of Henry Frey; Mary, wife of Louis Edebohls; and Bessie, wife of Sidney Elliott. Frederick G. Mertins secured his earlier educational training in his native land and supplemented this by attending the schools of Augusta after the removal of the family to this city. Before he was twenty-one years of age he had served a four years apprenticeship at the bakers trade, and for three years he held the position of foreman in the bakery conducted by George Evers, of Augusta. He then retired from the work of this trade to learn that of merchant tailoring, under the able direction of his father, who was a skilled and practical operator in this line and at the time engaged in business in Augusta. The son has ever since been identified with the mechant-tailoring business in this city; has been successfully established in trade on his own account since 1890, and for the past ten years has also handled a select line of gentlemens furnishing goods. He controls an extensive business in the mer chant-tailoring department of his enterprise, keeping two solici tors constantly employed on the road, thus drawing his trade from a wide section of territory tributary to Augusta and extending into the states of North and South Carolina and Florida. His fine establishment in Augusta is located at 763 Broad street and he is also interested in a most prosperous merchant-tailoring business in Columbia, S; C, the same being conducted under the title of the F. G. Mertins Company. Mr. Mertins enjoys marked personal popularity in both the business and social circles of his home city, and is a loyal and progressive citizen. He exercises his franchise in support of the principles and policies of the Democratic party; he and his wife are members of St. Matthews Lutheran church; he is a Knight Templar Mason; a member of the Mystic Shrine, and of the Knights of Pythias. On Aug. 20, 1895, Mr. Mertins was united in marriage to Miss Maggie Rosa Henderson, daughter of Andrew and Hannah (Hardman) Henderson, of Augusta, and they have three children: Alma Ruth, Grace Hazel, and Freder ick G., Jr. 
Mesena, a town in the eastern part of Warren county, is on the Georgia railroad and in 1900 reported a population of 124. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph service, some mer cantile concerns, and does considerable shipping. 
 
 576 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Metasville, a post-village of Wilkes county, is on one of the branches of Fishing creek, about ten miles northeast of Washing ton, which is the nearest railroad station. The population in 1900 was 75. It is the principal trading point in that part of the county. 
Metcalf, a town in Thomas county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Oct. 29, 1889. It is located on the Atlantic Coast Line railway, not far from the Florida state line, has a money or der postoffice, express and telegraph offices, important commercial and shipping interests, and in 1900 reported a population of 259. 
Methodist Orphans Homes. (See Charitable Institutions). Methvin, Thomas Sears, president of 
the Methvin Hardware Company, con 
ducting a prosperous and extensive 
wholesale and retail hardware business, with headquarters at 1123-5 Broad street, 
Columbus, was born on a farm in Clay 
county, Ga., Dec. 14, 1856, and is a son of William Truelock and Mary Jane 
(Sears) Methvin, the former of whom was born in Twiggs county, and the lat.ter in Webster county, Ga. The father removed to Clay county prior to the 
Civil war and became one of the repre sentative agriculturists of that section of the state, holding that a man could find no better or more worthy vocation in life than to cling to the great basic art of tilling the soil and causing it to bring forth its increase. From that county he went forth to do valiant service as a soldier of the Confederacy, and after the close of the war he showed equal courage and determination in doing well his part in reviving the prostrate fortunes of his loved native state. He died in Clay county in March, 1902, honored of men and leaving the record of a useful and righteous life. He was a son of James Porter and Margaret (Burke) Methvin, both of whom were likewise natives of Georgia, where the respective families were early founded. His wife was a daughter of Wilson and Mar tha (Smith) Sears, both of whom were born in Georgia, where they passed their entire lives. Of the four living children of Will iam T. and Mary J. (Sears) Methvin the subject of this sketch is the eldest. Willie Louise is now the wife of H. P. Graddy, of Quitman county; Estelle is the wife of J. W. Boyett, of the same county; and James V. is a resident of Birmingham, Ala. Thomas S. Methvin was reared on the home plantation, in Clay county, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
577 
 
where he received his preliminary educational training, later at tending a boys high school in Eufaula, Ala., where he remained a student until he had attained to the age of eighteen years. There after he assisted in the -work and management of the home planta tion until he reached his legal majority. He was employed for the ensuing three years in the construction department of the Atlanta & Charlotte Air Line railroad, now a branch of the Southern sys tem. At the age of twenty-four years Mr. Methvin located in Seneca, S. C., where he became associated with his brother in the general merchandise business, under the firm name of T. S. & E. W. Methvin. In 1883 nearly the entire town was destroyed by fire, and the firm of which Mr. Methvin was a member met with the loss .of its .store and business, with very little insurance in demnity. For a number of years thereafter Mr. Methvin was em ployed as a traveling salesman. From 1890 to 1897 he was en gaged in the retail hardware business in Athens, Ga., and for the following nine years he was traveling representative of the King Hardware Company, of Atlanta. In April, 1906, he purchased the wholesale and retail hardware branch maintained by this company in the city of Columbus, reorganizing the concern as a stock com pany and incorporating the same under the laws of the state, as the Methvin Hardware Company, of which he is president. The house is one of the best equipped of the sort in the city and con trols a large and representative trade throughout the territory trib utary to Columbus as a distributing center. Mr. Methvin is a member of the Columbus board of trade, and is identified with the Masonic fraternity, the Travelers Protective association and the Fraternal Union. He is a stanch advocate of the principles and policies of which the Democratic party stands exponent, and while resident of Athens, this state, he served as a member of the board of aldermen. Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South. On Feb. 4, 1880, Mr. Methvin was united in marriage to Miss Mary Jane Winter, daughter of Henry D. Win ter, of Winterville, Ga., the town having been named in his honor. Mr. and Mrs. Methvin have one son, William Eugene, who was born Aug. 9, 1895. 
Metter, a town in the western part of Bulloch county, was incor porated by act of the legislature on August 17, 1903. It is on the Central of Georgia railroad, about twelve miles east of Stillmore. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph service, some manufacturing and mercantile inter- 
 
37-11 
 
 578 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ests, does a good shipping business, and in 1900 reported a popu 
lation of 400. Mexican War. A number of Georgians fought with Houston to 
secure the independence of Texas. After its freedom had been ob tained many were inclined to look with favor upon the project to annex the territory to the United States. Therefore, when the war department called ; .upon the state, in the spring of 1846, to furnish a regiment of volunteer troops for twelve months service in the war with Mexico the call met with a ready response. On June 14th eight companies, two from Columbus and the others from Savannah, Macon, Cobb, Griffin, Augusta and Sumter. re spectively, were mustered in at Columbus by Governor Craw ford and his aid, Colonel Hoxie. At that time another company was in course of formation at Columbus and one in Cherokee county. These two companies reported a few days later and on the 20th the regiment was organized with Henry R. Jackson, of Savan nah, as colonel; T. Y. Redd, lieutenant-colonel; Charles J. Will iams, major; C. P. Hervey and John Forsyth, adjutants, and was immediately ordered to Mexico. It embarked on July 14th on the steamer "Fashion" at Mobile and six days later landed at Brazos Santiago. Although it did not take part in any of the en gagements of the war, it rendered effective service and upon its return the legislature passed a resolution commending the men for their valor and patriotism. In addition to this regiment a bat talion of volunteers was organized with I. G. Seymour as lieuten ant-colonel, and a company of mounted men was also raised, which was commanded by Capt. John Loyall. In the regular army were several officers from Georgia who served with distinction in the Mexican war, some of them afterward rising to eminence in the Confederate army during the war between the States. Among them were James Longstreet, Lafayette McLaws, A. H. Colquitt, Goode Bryan, W. H. T. Walker and William J. Hardee. Maj. David E. Twiggs had distinguished himself before the war and served with Taylor and Scott from the beginning to the end. Col. James S. Mclntosh was an officer in the War of 1812 and in the Mexican war commanded the Fifth infantry. He was mortally wounded during a charge upon his regiment by the Mexican cav alry at Molino del Rey, Sept. 8, 1847. In Ouitmans brigade was a Georgia regiment which fought at Resaca, Palo Alto and Monterey and marched with Scott from Vera Cruz to the City of Mexico. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
579 
 
Meyer, Frederick Carl, stands at the 
head of the firm of F. C. Meyer & 
Co., wholesale and retail dealers in hay, grain, feed, lime, cement, etc., in Au 
gusta, and is one of the representative 
business men of the younger genera tion of that city, which has been his 
home from the time of his birth, Oct. 25, 
1877. His parents, John Henry and Emma (Ludekens) Meyer, were born in 
Germany, but their marriage was sol 
emnized in Augusta, Ga., where they 
still reside. Of their three children the subject of this sketch is the eldest, the others being Helen and Gretchen, the latter now the wife of Lester Pierce. --Frederick C. Meyer secured his preparatory educational training in Richmond academy, in Augusta,-and then entered the Georgia school of tech nology in Atlanta, where he remained a student for three years. In January, 1895, at the age of seventeen years, he entered the em ploy of W. M. Nixon, who conducted a large feed establishment in Augusta, and he continued to be associated with this enterprise for a period of six years, familiarizing himself with all details of the business. In 1900 he engaged in business for himself at 847 Broad street and has here built up a large and important trade in the lines noted in the opening sentence of this sketch. In 1905 Mr. Meyer erected a substantial new building on Calhoun street, for the accommodation of his rapidly expanding business. Here he has a warehouse 88 by 154 feet in dimensions, affording storage capacity for 100 car loads. The equipment throughout is of the best modern type and the firm of F. C. Meyer & Co. has gained high standing, indicating the enterprise and initiative ability of its founder and head. He is a Democrat in his political proclivi ties, is a member of the First Presbyterian church and is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Fra 
ternal Order of Eagles. Mica. This term was originally used to distinguish many shin 
ing rocks and forms of earth. It is now applied to a group of minerals having certain characteristics in common, the most im portant of which is the perfect basic cleavage that allows the larger masses to be separated into thin, tough and shining plates. The most abundant of this group is Muscovite, a silicate of alumina, sesquioxide of iron, and potash, with some water and sometimes 
 
 580 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
fluorine. It is a constituent of many rocks, notably granite, gneiss and mica-schist, and forms the greater part of the mica of com merce which is so widely used in the manufacture of stoves, and for a great many other economic purposes, even the dust and scraps having a market value. Large masses of Muscovite have been found at numerous places in the Crystalline area, but the de posits have not been developed to any considerable extent. It occurs in Rabun, Union, Habersham, Fannin, Gilmer, Pickens, Cherokee, Paulding, Carroll, Jasper, Morgan, Oconee and Hall counties, and small deposits have been found in Webster. The mica beds in Hall county are said to be capable of producing very large sheets. 
Michael, Moses G., one of the promi nent and representative citizens and busi ness men of Athens, is a native Geor gian, having been born in Jefferson, Jackson county, Aug. 15, 1862, in the very midst of "wars and rumors of war." After a preparatory course in the pablic schools he entered the University of Georgia, being only thirteen years of age at the time of his matriculation, and three years later he was graduated in that distinguished institution, with the degree of Bachelor of Engineering. In 1882 he engaged in business in Athens, in company with his broth er Simon, under the firm name of Michael Bros. These two able coadjutors have since been continuously engaged in promoting the interests of the prosperous enterprise thus established. Year by year their acumen, sagacity and business foresight have been re warded with ever growing success, until the concern is now re garded as among the strongest and most stable houses in this section of the state. Mr. Michael has a high order of business tal ent, and in the commercial world he ranks as a man of mature judgment, wisdom and prudence. His energies, however, are by no means confined to the interests of the business mentioned, but are extended with equal success into other fields and enterprises. He is president of the Athens chamber of commerce and vicepresident of the Athens Savings bank, one of the substantial and ably conducted financial institutions of the state. It is not alone in the business world that Moses G. Michael has made his im press. Recognized by all as a man of force and integrity, he has 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
581 
 
often been called upon by his fellow citizens to serve them in pub lic labors requiring judgment, executive ability and strong intelli gence, and involving responsibility and decisive action. Always a close student of public questions, his aid has been frequently asked in determining party policies and in furthering plans for the economic and political welfare of his state. He is a man of earnest convictions; bold and outspoken on every public issue; has never been a negative or uncertain element in party action, nor ever shirked a public or political duty. The positions of honor and re sponsibility of which he has been incumbent indicate in no equivo cal way the estimate in which he is held as a political factor. He was lieutenant colonel and aide-de-camp on the staff of Gov. Alien D. Candler; was presidential elector for his district in 1904; is now chairman of the senatorial executive committee of the twenty-sev enth district and a member of the Democratic executive committee of Clarke county. Broad in his mental grasp, safe in judgment, liberal in his views, Mr. Michael has rendered eminent service in the cause of the Democracy and has exhibited a patriotism as lofty and unselfish as it is modest and self-abnegating. In all matters pertaining to the moral and social development of the community he has at all times indicated a lively interest and taken an active part. Devoted in religion to the faith of his fathers, he is afflicted neither with bigotry nor intolerance but exercises a charity that is both benignant and kindly. For seventeen consecutive years he has been superintendent of the Sabbath-school of the Congregation of Israel at Athens, and has seen that work prosper from year to year. No public enterprise or worthy charity has ever been ignored by him, but his deeds in such connection have never been osten tatious or a factor for parade. Mr. Michael is a past worshipful master of Mount Vernon Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, a past high priest of Keystone Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and he has been a representative of these bodies in the grand lodge and the grand chapter of the state. For two terms he was exalted ruler of Athens Lodge, No. 790, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, of which he is an enthusiastic member, having done much to bring the lodge to its present high plane. He has recently been appointed district deputy grand exalted ruler for the state, and is bending his energies to the promotion of the interests of that beneficent order. In private life, in business, in church work or in philanthropy his course has been characterized by urbanity, enthusiasm and re sourcefulness, and he has merited and received the approbation of 
 
 582 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
his fellow citizens. Not yet in the prime of life, the best years of his productive energy lie before him. 
Middleton, a post-village. of Elbert county, is on the Seaboard Air Line railroad, about six miles east of Elberton. It has a money order postoffice, with free delivery to the adjacent rural dis tricts, express and telegraph offices, schools, stores, churches, etc. 
Middleton, Edmund R., engaged in naval stores brokerage in Savannah, is one of the successful and honored busi ness men of the city, where he has re sided for the past twenty years. He was born in Charleston, S. C, Feb. 28, 1855, and is a son of William James and Mary Helen (McDonald) Middleton, both of whom were born and reared in Charles ton. The genealogy of the Middleton family is traced back to the Middletons of Northumberland, England, the family being one of prominence and influence in that locality. The McDonald family is of pure Scottish derivation. Col. Benjamin O. Williams, great-grandfather of Mary H. (Mc Donald) Middleton, was an officer of the colonial forces during the war of the Revolution and was twice elected governor of North Carolina. The branch of the Middleton family to which Edmund R. belongs was established in South Carolina in the early part of the nineteenth century, settlement being made in the city of Charles ton. Capt. P. F. Middleton, a skilled marine and civil engineer, was employed by the United States government to build the break water jetties around Sullivans island, near Charleston, thus pro tecting the coast from the aggressions of the sea. Edmund Ravenel Middleton took his preparatory course of study in Kings Moun tain military academy, at Yorkville, S. C., leaving this institution in 1872. In the following year he was matriculated in the Univer sity of the South at Sewanee, Tenn., and graduated in that insti tution in 1875, having devoted his attention specially to chemistry, geology and mineralogy. In 1885 he located in the city of Savan nah and established himself as a broker of naval stores, and in this line of enterprise he has since continued, his success having been most unequivocal and gratifying. He has handled large amounts of money for the account of other dealers, and is known as a reliable, discriminating and progressive business man, commanding the re spect and confidence of all with whom he has come in contact, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
583 
 
either in a business or social way. Concerning Mr. Middleton the cashier of the Merchants National bank, of Savannah, has writ ten as follows: "In all of our dealings with him he has shown himself at all times to be fair and correct in his business with the bank, careful and scrupulous in performing all his promises." In politics Mr. Middleton supports the Republican party so far as na tional issues are involved but in state and local affairs he is arrayed with the Democratic party. He and his wife are communicants of the Protestant Episcopal church and he is identified with the Inde pendent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, and the Sons of Confederate Veterans. On Oct. 29, 1885, Mr. Middleton was united in marriage to Miss Belle Marion Henerey, the youngest daughter of John Talbird Henerey, who was one of the defenders of Fort Sumter during the bombardment and who was with General Lees command at the time of the final surrender. The maiden name of his wifes mother was Selma Florence Talbird, and they were well known residents of Beaufort, S. C. Mrs. Middleton is a lineal descendant of the Talbots of Dublin, Ireland. The progen itor of the family in America was Henry Talbot, the eldest son of John Talbot, a knight baronet. Henry Talbot built the lighthouse on Tybee island, Ga., in 1747, under contract with the colonial .government. Mr. and Mrs. Middleton have one daughter, Edmund Strong Middleton, who was born March 27, 1887. 
Midland, a village of Muscogee county, is on the Central of Geor gia railroad, about ten miles north of Columbus. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, an express office, some mercantile concerns, and in 1900 reported a population of 71. 
Midriver, a post-hamlet of Camden county, is in the middle of the big bend of the Satilla river. Gross, on the Atlantic Coast Line, is the nearest railroad station. 
Midville, a town in the western part of Jenkins county, is at the junction of the Central of Georgia and the Midville, Swainsboro .& Red Bluff railroads, and in 1900 reported a population of 275. It has express and telegraph offices, a money order postoffice, from which several free delivery routes supply mail to the surrounding rural districts, some mercantile and manufacturing concerns, and -does a good shipping business. 
Midway, a post-hamlet of Meriwether county, is about seven miles north of Greenville, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
Milan, a village in Telfair county, is on the Seaboard Air Line railway, about eight miles west of Helena. It has a money order 
 
 584 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
postoffice, express and telegraph offices, some mercantile interests, schools, churches, etc., and in 1900 reported a population of 112. 
 
..,,,,.,,,,,,,.. 
 
Miles, William Burtis, holds prestige as one of the most skilled and successful 
 
contractors and builders of Georgia, and 
 
no further evidence of his signal ability 
 
in his line of business is demanded than 
 
that afforded by the magnificent state 
 
capital of Georgia, for the ereetion of 
 
which his firm were the contractors and 
 
of the building of which he had personal 
 
supervision. He came to Georgia for 
 
this purpose and has since maintained 
 
his residence and business headquarters 
 
in the city of Atlanta, where he is held in high esteem as a citizen and as a progressive and public-spirited business man. Mr. Miles was born in West Liberty, Logan county, Ohio, May 28, 1843, a son of Abram Cole Miles, who was born in Charlestown, West Virginia, in April, 1814, and Martha Jane (Mil ler) Miles, who was born in New York city, in 1816, both having been residents of West Liberty, Ohio, at the time of their death and the father having been a successful contractor and builder of the old Buckeye State. The subject of this review was afforded the advantages of the common schools of Ohio, passed his boyhood and youth in his native town, and learned the carpenters trade under the able direction of his father. He was in the state of New York at the outbreak of the Civil war, and on Aug. 8, 1862, at the age of nineteen years, he enlisted as a private in the First New York sharpshooters, and was thereafter in active service until the close of the war. He took part in the engagements at Suffolk, Va., Mine Run, the battle of the Wilderness, siege of Petersburg and in many minor conflicts; was a member of General Grants forces and present at the final surrender of General Lee, at Appomattox. At the battle of the Wilderness he was promoted tosergeant-major and he received his honorable discharge, in the city of Rochester, N. Y., May 3, 1865. After the close of his military career Mr. Miles located in the city of Toledo, Ohio, and initiated his career as an independent contractor and builder, soon gaining distinctive recognition. In 1882 he became associated with I. K. Cramer and Charles D. Horn, under the firm name of Miles, Cramer & Horn. Mr. Cramer retired in 1884, after which the firm of Miles & Horn continued in active and sucessful business until the death 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
585 
 
of Mr. Horn, in Augdst, 1887. In addition to ,the construction of many fine business blocks and private residences, the firm con structed a large number of court houses, school houses, churches and other public or semi-public buildings throughout Ohio, Michi gan and Indiana, gaining a very high reputation and building up a business of magnificent proportions. In 1884 Miles & Horn secured the contract for the erection of the new capitol of the State of Georgia, in Atlanta, and in the autumn of that year Mr. Miles removed to this city, where he has since continued to main tain his home and business headquarters. The capitol building was completed in 1889, the .death of his partner having occurred in the meanwhile, and the structure is an enduring monument to the scrupulous fidelity and marked technical ability of Mr. Miles, under whose personal supervision the building was erected. He has been very successful in his other professional operations throughout the south, where he has secured .and completed many important contracts, and he has thoroughly identified himself with the busi ness and civic interests of Atlanta. He is a stanch adherent of the Republican party, and while he has not been a seeker of public offiec he served four years as a member of the Atlanta board of edu cation 1897-1901. Since 1890 he has been a member of the board of trustees of the Georgia school of technology. He is a deacon in the First Presbyterian church and is affiliated with the Grand Army of the Republic. On Sept. 22, 1868, Mr. Miles was united in marriage to Miss Sarah M. Morehead, only daughter of George and Emeline E. (Hall) Morehead, of Putnam county, Ohio, and of this union have been born five children: William Herman was born in 1869 and died in 1882; Harry Hall was born in 1874 and maintains his home in Atlanta; Maud was born in 1875 and died in 1899. Bertha was born in 1883, and Herbert LeRoy, in 1895 and remains at the parental home. 
Milford, a village of Baker county, is on Kiokee creek, about ten miles northwest of Newton. It has a money order postoffice, which supplies mail to the surrounding rural districts by a number of free delivery routes, is an important trading center, and in 1900 had a population of 78. Leary, eight miles northwest, is the nearest railroad station. 
Milikin, Benjamin, editor and publisher of the Jesup Sentinel, is recognized as one of the leading business men and influential cit izens of Wayne county. He was born in Appling county, Ga., Dec. 13,1842, and is a son of Frederick S. and Malvina (Leggett) Milikin, the former of whom was born in Scarborough, Me., and the latter 
 
 586 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
in Georgia. The father was a farmer and mechanic and both he and his wife passed the closing years of their lives in Appling county. Benjamin Millikin has been the architect of his own fortunes and 
has also been largely self-educated, being a man of strong intellectuality and force ful individuality. He attended the com mon schools of Appling and Liberty counties as opportunity afforded and was actively identified with agricultural pur suits at the time when the dark cloud of Givil war spread its grewsome pall over a divided nation. He loyally responded to the first call of the Confederacy, enlisting on Aug. 27, 1861, as a private in Company I, Twenty-seventh Georgia volunteer in fantry, and serving with this command until February, 1863, when he was honorably discharged, on account of wounds ; received in battle. In April, 1864, though he had been pronounced permanently disabled, he again entered the service, becoming captain of Company E, Symons regiment, Sixth Georgia reserves. He was captured by Shermans forces at the capitulation of Savannah and was finally taken to the Federal prison at Fort Delaware, where he was con fined until June, 1865, when he was liberated, having stubbornly refused to secure freedom by taking the oath of allegiance prior to that time. His abiding interest in his old comrades is signified by his membership in and enthusiastic appreciation of the United Confederate Veterans, having been president of the Wayne county association of the same from the time of its organization to the present, also being the first and only commandant of Camp Harrison, No. 1125, of this noble order. In his youth Captain Milikin was for a time engaged in teaching school, having inaugurated his pedagogic efforts before he ;had attained to the age of twelve years and having been very successful. After the war he again turned "his attention to agricultural:; pursuits, with which he has since been identified, being the owner, of a valuable landed estate, in Wayne and Appling counties. Since 1889 he has been editor and publisher of the Jesup Sentinel, which is the accredited organ of Wayne county and an excellent exponent of local interests. He is also associated with his son in the fertilizer, fencing and agriculturalimplement business, in Jesup, and they also handle carriages, bug gies, wagons, etc. The captain served as judge of the inferior court 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
587 
 
of Appling county and was one of the first county commissioners of that county, where he also served as county school commissioner, having ever maintained a deep interest in educational affairs. He was president of the board of education of Wayne county, was the first president of the school board of Jesup, and at the present time is representing his county in the state legislature, having been elec ted in 1904, for a term of two years. He has served as a member of the board of aldermen of Jesup and has ever shown a loyal in terest in all that touches the general welfare of the town and coun ty. He was several times chairman of the Democratic executive committee of Wayne county.and was later chairman of the Populist executive committee, having been the nominee of this party for rep resentative of his district in Congress in 1896, and for comptrollergeneral in 1898. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and served ten years as worshipful master of Holmesville Lodge, No. 195, Free and Accepted Masons. On June 24, 1868, Captain Milikin was united in marriage tc Miss Martha Hopps, daughter of Hon. Daniel G. and Frances (Bennett) Hopps, of Appling county, and of the fifteen children of this union eight are living. 
Militia. In early times, before the Indian title to the land was extinguished, every man capable of bearing arms was subject to call for military service. After the War of 1812 the militia laws underwent a radical revision. The state was divided into a number of military jurisdictions called captains districts and consecutively numbered. In 1818 an act was passed providing for the organiza tion of the militia into divisions, brigades, regiments, battalions and companies. Frequent musters were required and the officers, both commissioned and non-commissioned, were to be assembled once each year, by regiments, to receive instruction from the ad jutant-general in the exercises and discipline prescribed by Con gress. Every man between the ages of eighteen and forty-five years was made subject to military duty and this system continued until the outbreak of the Confederate war. A similar system was followed after the war and encampments for instruction in tactics and discioline were frequently held, at which the presence of the entire force of state troops was required. The most notable of these instruction camps were at Meldrim, in July, 1897; at Griffin, in July of the same year, and the naval camp, at St. Simons sound, where 120 naval reserves received instruction on the old monitor "Passaic." Under the act of December, 1902, the term of enlist ment was fixed at two years instead of one, as has been the rule prior to that time. When the law took effect there were about 
 
 588 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
5,000 men enrolled as members of the militia. These were divided into five regiments of infantry, one regiment of cavalry, one bat talion of heavy artillery, four companies of light artillery, one naval battalion of two companies, one negro battalion of seven com panies of infantry and one battery of light artillery. The minimum number in a company is forty men, with the usual quota of officers. Under the new law in case of a. call for troops the governor is re quired to call the regiments as already organized. The military spir it is strong in Georgia and some of the best young men in the state belong to the militia. The social features of the armory and en campment offer inducements to many of them, but in case of emergency 4,000 men, the equal of any on the continent, could be placed in the field, fully armed and equipped, within a week. 
Mill Creek. (See Dalton). Milledge, John, governor and United States senator, was born in Savannah in 1757. He received a fine education and was com pleting his law studies under the Kings attorney when the Revo lution began. He was one of those who rifled the powder maga zine at Savannah, some of the contents being used in the battle of Bunker Hill. When he was only twenty-three years old he was appointed attorney-general of the colony; later served as a member of the legislature; was elected to Congress in 1790, 1794, 1796 and 1800. In 1803 he was elected governor and at the close of his term was chosen United States senator. He resigned in 1809 and re tired to his plantation. He presented to the state over 600 acres of land, upon which the state university is located, and was a leader in the opposition to the Yazoo land grants. He died Feb. 9, 1818. Milledgeville was named for him. Milledgeville, the county seat of Baldwin county and former capital of the state, was named in honor of John Milledge, who served as governor from 1802 to 1806. It was during- his adminis tration that the town was laid out and the seat of government re moved from Louisville. When the capital became permanently esatblished at Atlanta in 1877 the old state-house was turned over to the cause of education and in 1880 the Middle Georgia military and agricultural college was opened within its walls. The Georgia normal and industrial college for girls is also at Milledgeville and the city has a fine system of public schools. Not only is it an educational center, but it is likewise of considerable importance in commercial circles. Being situated at the junction of two main divisions of the Central of Georgia and Georgia railways, it is a good shipping point and there are several manufacturing enterprises, among which 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA . 
 
59::: 
 
are an oil mill, a large flour mill and railroad shops. The city has : three banks, a money order postoffice with rural free delivery routes emanating from it, express and telegraph service, an electric light plant, and an electric railway connects it with Midway, where the State Sanitarium is located, and which before the war was the site of Oglethorpe university. Several denominations have churches and in 1900 the population was 4,219. 
Millen, the county seat of Jenkins county, was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1881. It is at the junction of two branches of the Central of Georgia railway system and is the northern ter minus - of the Millen & Southwestern. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph service, a bank, a cotton seed oil mill, a cotton yarn mill with 5,000 spindles, a large fertilizer warehouse, several successful stores and good school and church privileges. The merchants of Millen handle annually about 10,000 bales of cotton. The population of the town was 411 in 1900, while that of the district in which it is located was 2,491. 
Millen, John, was born in Savannah, Ga., in 1804; educated a lawyer; served in Georgia ligislature; and died near Savannah, Ga., Oct. 15th, 1843, about ten days after his election to a seat in the national house of representatives in the 28th Congress. The town of Millen, the county site of the new county of Jenkins, on the Central of Georgia railroad, between Savannah and Augusta, was named for him. 
Millens Grove. (For skirmish here, see Shady Grove). 
Miller, Andrew Jackson, who died at his home in the city of Au gusta, Feb. 3, 1856, was one of the distinguished lawyers and honored citizens of Georgia and served two terms as president of the state senate, of which body he was a member at the time of his death. He was born at Point Petre, near St. Marys, Camden county, Ga., March 21, 1806, and was a son of Thomas Harvey Miller, of Scotch descent, whose wife Mary Scott (Jackson) Miller, was likewise of Scotch extraction, her family having early been founded in America. Thomas Harvey Miller served as a captain in the war of 1812, under Col. E. F. Tattnall, Forty-third United States infantry, and under Generals Floyd and Mclntosh. He was present at the capture of St. Marys, Ga., by Admiral Cockburn, Jan. 23, 1815. His company was stationed in Camden coun ty, pursuant to resolution of the state senate, Nov. 18, 1812, and well merited thanks were returned by resolution of the senate Dec. 12, 1815, to the officers and soldiers under General Floyd. Andrew 
 
 590 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Jackson Miller attended an academic institution in Georgia until he had attained to the age of sixteen years, after which he passed one year in the United States military academy, at West Point, N. Y. After his return to Georgia he took up the study of law under effective preceptorship, being admitted to the bar in 1825 before required age, by special legislative act. He at once entered upon a successful practice, in Augusta, where he has made his home through the remainder of his life. In 1836 he was elected to rep resent Richmond county in the state legislature, and in 1838 was elected to the state senate, being thereafter continuously reflected until his death, and within, this long service twice served as presi dent of the senate. In 1853 he filled an unexpired term as judge of the superior courts of the middle circuit. He was president of the Medical College of Georgia, city attorney of Augusta, director of the Georgia Railroad Company, captain of the Oglethorpe infantry, and a zealous member of the Presbyterian church. The National Cyclopedia of American Biography speaks of him as follows: "Dur ing his twenty years of unbroken public service he was a control ling spirit in the state. He was one of those rounded and well balanced men of great abilities and resplendant virtues who mould the times in which they live. He was esteemed the most learned and industrious lawyer in a galaxy of legal giants. His research of cases was absolutely exhaustive, his discrimination unerring and his memory faultless and unfailing. No lapse of time made him forget and once to know was always to remember and use. Con nected with his supreme legal power was a crystal sense of honor and conscience. In his long practice he prosecuted murderers but three times, and then on condition that if the evidence created doubt of guilt he would retire from the case or inform the jury. He became an oracle of law; he rose to his highest stature as a pub lic leader. .His public service was practical and illustrious. He was an effective pioneer in Georgias system of railway improve ments and one of the creators of the Western & Atlantic Railroad. He was the author of and worked unceasingly for the just measure, now an almost universal law, the protection of the rights of married women in the distribution of their estates he was a saga cious and trusted political leader. The Whig party had no more influential or wise adviser." In 1828 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Miller to Miss Martha B. Olive, who was born in Columbia county, Ga., May 17, 1809, and who died on Oct. 9, 1880. They were the parents of ten children, of whom three are living. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
591 
 
Miller County was formed in 1836 from Early and Baker and was named for Andrew J. Miller. It is in the southwestern part of the state, and is bounded on the north by Baker and Early counties, on the east by Baker, on the south by Decatur, and on the west by Early. Spring creek and its tributaries drain the land and supply an abundance of fish. The surface is level and the soil is light. Much of the land is covered with the original pine timber and rosin, turpentine and lumber are the principal articles of trade. Cotton, corn, sugar-cane, and sweet potatoes are raised, and vege tables and melons do well. Colquitt is the county seat. Bait, Horns Cross Roads, Mahaw, Pond Town, Spooner and Twilight are other settlements. The Georgia, Florida & Alabama railroad passes through the center of the county from north to south. The population in 1900 was 6,319, an increase of 2,639 in ten years. 
Miller, Frank Harvey, of Augusta, one of the leading members of the Georgia bar and chancellor of the diocese of Georgia of the Protestant Episcopal church, was born in that city, Oct. 13, 1836, and is a son of Andrew Jackson and Martha B. (Olive) Miller. A memoir of the father appearing in this publication, so that a re capitulation of the ancestral and personal data is not demanded in the present connection. Frank Harvey Miller prosecuted his studies at the academy of Richmond county at Augusta, and Villa school, Mount Zion, Ga., after which he was for two years a student in the University of Georgia. After leaving college he took up the study of law under the direction of his honored father, one of the distinguished members of the bar of the state, and was admitted to the bar in November, 1856. He has been engaged in the active practice of his profession since Feb. 15, 1856, in Augusta, practicing in all the state and Federal courts of Georgia, the Federal courts of South Carolina, and in the Supreme court of the United States. He is devoting his more advanced years specially to commercial and ecclesiastical law, being chancellor of the Protestant Episcopal diocese of Georgia and one of the lay judges of the court of review of the fourth judicial department of the United States, as estab lished by the general convention of the Protestant Episcopal church. He is one of the most zealous churchmen in his native commonwealth and is locally identified with the historic old St. Pauls church, of Augusta. Mr. Miller is a stanch advocate of the basic principles of the Democratic party, but has never held office save that of commercial notary public. He is a member of the Georgia bar association, of which he was at one time president, and he is at the present time vice-president of the Augusta bar as- 
 
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sociation. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, and is chair man of the board of trustees of the local Masonic Hall. At the out break of the war between the states Mr. Miller ardently espoused the cause of the Confederacy. On Nov. 10, 1861, he enlisted in Company A, Ninth Georgia infantry, of which he was made first lieutenant, and on Feb. 9, 1862, was promoted to the office of ad jutant in this regiment. The regiment was mustered out on April 16, 1862, when the members of the organization entered the regu lar service. Soon afterward he was appointed acting assistant to the district attorney of the Confederate States and thus served until the close of the war. On July 6, 1859, Mr. Miller was united in marriage to Miss Julia Dyer Kitchen, daughter of William K. and Sarah Ann Kitchen, of New York city. They have five chil dren, namely: William Kitchen, Bertha, Frank, Sarah and Julia. 
Miller, James R., editor and publisher of the Statesboro News, and known as one of the most progressive citizens and influential business men of Bulloch county, stands out in bold relief as a type of the native sons of Georgia who have that spirit of enterprise which has brought such magnificent development and advancement to the Empire state of the south. He is in the very prime of life and yet is to be designated ;: as one of the pioneers of the thriving little city of Statesboro, where he was born June 5, 1865. He is a son of Augustus B. Miller, who was born in this same county in 1836 and here passed the ^greater portion of his life. He died in the city of Savannah in 1894, at the age of fifty-eight years. His wife, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Wallace, was born in that portion of Burke county which is now included in Jenkins county, in the year 1845, and her death occurred when she was but thirty years of age. Her father was ordinary of Burke county for seven years and was a man of influence in his community. Rev. Samuel Miller, paternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a prominent pioneer clergyman of the Baptist church in Georgia, a man of fine intellectuality and one beloved by all who knew him. After his death the Baptist Association of the state erected a mon ument to his memory, at his late home, in Macedonia, Bulloch county. Augustus B. Miller-was a loyal soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil war, having enlisted, Oct. 30, 1861, as a member of Company E, Fifth Georgia cavalry, which was assigned to the army commanded by General Johnston. He was on guard duty on the coast the greater portion of the time and received his honorable dis charge in 1862, on account of impaired health which incapacitated him for farther field service. James R. Miller, the immediate subject 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA . 
 
593: 
 
of this sketch, received very limited educational advantages- in his boyhood, as the south was still suffering the great depression which followed upon the war between the states. He attended the dis trict schools of his native county as opportunity afforded and thus gained the foundation for that broad and practical knowledge which he has gained through personal application and association with men and affairs. In 1884 he entered in the general merchandise bus iness in Statesboro, but the business proved unsatisfactory and he retired from the same after the lapse of a period of six months. Thereafter he built up a profitable enterprise as a contractor and builder and operator of a saw mill. To him is given the credit and distinction of having erected more houses in Statesboro than has any other one man, there having been only thirteen houses in the village when he first engaged in business here. It is in large measure due to his initiative and unflagging energy that the town has made such rapid advancement, being now the metropolis as well as the county seat of Bulloch county. In 1892 Mr. Miller founded a newspaper called the Bulloch Times, but disposed of the same the following year. He then established the Statesboro Star, which he soon afterward consolidated with the Bulloch Herald, under the title of the Statesboro News, of which he has since been editor and publisher, the plant being well equipped and the paper maintained at a high standard. For the past three years Mr. Miller has financed the Bulloch ^county agricultural exhibit at the Georgia state fair and other fairs.! On one occasion he secured second prize for his exhibit of agricultural products at the state fair, in Atlanta, there having been sixteen competitors. He has expended $2^000 of his own money to bring the agricultural exhibits of his county up to so high a standard in such competition, and he conducts at his own expense an experimental farm for the benefit of the farmers of Bulloch and surrounding counties. At the last state fair he se cured the first prize for the largest and best display of peas, having 144 varieties on exhibition. He also received first premium_on his display of Georgia forage having 100 bales of hay, no two alike, and defeating the man who had won the blue ribbon in this line in the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis, in 1904. He has won all prizes offered on sea-island cotton for the past three years and now has on hand 65: different varieties of Georgia oats, and 60 of wheat, while he is propagating 50 varieties of onions and other products on a similar basis. Premiums have been given him on rice and on twenty-seven varieties of potatoes. His farm, one of the model places of his section of the state, is conducted under his 
38-n 
 
 594 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
general supervision by the aid of the most competent hired assis tants, and has demonstrated what may be accomplished here by proper utilization of the conditions and means at hand. His ex ample and his enterprise are well worthy of general emulation. In politics he is a stanch advocate of the principles and policies for which the Democracy stands sponsor and is prominent in the local councils of the same. On Nov. 29, 1888. Mr. Miller was united in marriage to Miss Emma Aliff, who was born and reared in Bulloch county, a daughter of Frank and Sarah (Nevils) Aliff. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have eight children, all of whom remain at the parental home, namely: Walter, Frank, Bessie, Ruth, Grady, Grace, Katie Lee and Maude. 
Miller, Dr. H. V. M., United States senator, was a noted southern leader in the campaign of 1856; was a delegate to the Southern commercial convention in 1856 and to the Georgia secession con vention. On the organization of the Eighth Georgia regiment he was made surgeon and served through the war. He was a member of the reconstruction convention in 1867; was elected United States senator in 1868, but was not allowed to take his seat until the term for which he was elected had almost expired. 
Millhaven, a post-village in the northwestern part of Screven county, is about ten miles east of Munnerlyn, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Mills, a post-hamlet in the northern part of Whitfield county, is about six miles east of Redclay, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
Milltown, a town in the southeast corner of Berrien county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Dec. 17, 1901. The popu lation the previous year was 175. It has a money order postoffice, with several rural free delivery routes, some mercantile and manu facturing concerns, and is the terminus of a short railroad, called the Milltown Air Line, that connects with the Atlantic Coast Line at Naylor. 
Millwood, a village of Ware county, with a population of 100 in 1900, is on the Atlantic Coast Line railway near the Coffee county line. It has a money order postoffice, express office, some stores, and does considerable shipping. 
Milner, an incorporated town of Pike county, is on the Central of Georgia railway, about six miles north of Barnesville. The population in 1900 was 445. It has a money order postoffice, from which a number of rural free delivery routes supply mail to the surrounding country, express and telegraph offices, good mercan- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA - 
 
595 
 
tile establishments, some factories, schools churches, etc., and is 
one of the best shipping points between Griffin and Macon. Milners Store, a post-hamlet in the northern part of Fayette 
county, is about two miles northwest of Kenwood, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
Milton County was formed in 1857 from Cherokee, Forsyth and Cobb, and was named for John Milton, secretary of state of Georgia m: 1789, It lies in the-northern part of the state, and is bounded or; the north by Cherokee county, on the east and north by Forsyth, oil/the southeast and south by Gwinnett, Dekalb and Fulton, on the west by Cobb, and ion the northwest by Cherokee. The Chattahoochee river flows along the::southern boundary, and tributaries of the Chattahoochee and Etowah drivers water the surface. The climate is healthful and the lands are fertile. Cotton, corn,:wheat, oats, rye, barley, potatoes and hay are the principal productions. There is plenty of timber, which is used for building purposes, and the county also contains deposits of building stone. Alpharetta is the county seat, and: the only town of importance. There is no railway passing through the county, but the Southern runs close to the border line. The population in 1900 was 6,763, a gain of 555 since 1890. 
: Mims, Livingston, whose death oc curred at his home in Atlanta on March 5, 1906, was for more than a quarter of a century a prominent figure in the busi ness and civic life of Georgias fair cap 
ital city. To say that he was a typical representative of the "Old South" is not to be taken as meaning that he had fal len behind in the march of progress. He possessed in a marked degree those ele ments of chivalry and hospitality that 
were such charming characteristics of the true southern gentleman of the ante bellum days, but at the same time his forcefulness and intellectual power were distinct factors in the development that followed the great internecine conflict. Major Mims was born at Edgefield, S, C., in January, 1830. When he was about five years old his parents removed to Mississippi and settled at the place now known as "County Line," about half-way between Crystal Springs and Terry. He was educated at Old Crystal Springs, adopted the law for his profession, and before he was twenty-one years of age was 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
admitted to the bar. While practicing his profession in Mississippi he formed the acquaintance of such men as Jefferson Davis, Sar gent S. Prentiss, John A. Quitman, Henry S. Foote, Albert G. Brown and other brilliant celebrities that occupied the arena of public life at that time. For Jefferson Davis he formed an affec tion, born of the deepest conviction, and that affection lasted as long as life itself. After serving some time in the office of clerk of the supreme court Major Minis was elected to represent Hinds county in the Mississippi legislature from 1859 to 1861. When the Civil war began he joined the "Brown Rebels," which company he equipped with uniforms and named for Governor Brown, who was elected captain. He was attached to the staff of General Pemberton and was in the engagements at Jackson, Raymond, Champions Hill and the siege of Vicksburg. After that city cap itulated in 1863 he served for some time on the staff of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston. Between himself and General Johnston a stanch friendship grew up, which led to their becoming business part ners after the war, and which lasted until the latters death in 1891. In 1868 Major Mims went to New York, where he had a conference with President Beers, of the New York Life Insurance Company, which resulted in his being made the general manager for that company in the states of Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama and Flor ida. Upon returning home he formed a partnership with Gen. Joseph E. Johnston and Gov. Ben. R. Humphreys, of Mississippi, under the firm name of J. E. Johnston & Co. Three offices were established with General Johnston at Savannah, Major Mims at Selma, Ala., and Governor Humphreys at Vicksburg. In 1877 the three offices were consolidated at Atlanta and Major Mims took up his residence in that city. About the same time Governor Hum phreys died and General Johnston retired from the firm, leaving Major Mims manager of the business, which position he retained until his death. He was also the manager for several of the leading fire insurance companies and his knowledge of both life and fire insurance was thorough, which gave him a high standing in the councils of insurance men. He was one of the organizers of the Southeastern tariff association and served as its president from 1889 to 1894. In political matters he was a Democrat of the old school one of the kind that has an abiding faith in the American people and though he was never particularly active in Georgia politics he yielded in 1900 to the solicitations of his friends and became a candidate for mayor. He opened his campaign with a speech at the Grand opera house, delivered to the ladies of the 
 
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city. On this occasion he appeared in full evening dress a costume never before worn by a candidate for office in Atlanta when he was to make a political speech. As an example of his quaint way of putting things the following utterance from that speech is worthy of preservation: "I do not know exactly the church to which I owe allegiance, as I am a contributor to several. My wife is a. Christian Scientist, my daughter is an Episcopalian, my father was a Baptist, my mother was a Presbyterian, and I am a Confederate Veteran with inclinations to the Salvation Army." His opponents in that campaign were Frank P. Rice, I. S. Mitchell and D. N. McCullough, and after a spirited contest he was elected by a hand some plurality. During his administration franchises were first assessed for taxation; $200,000 of water works bonds were sold at a premium of $10,000, although they bore only three and onehalf per cent interest, a thing that has not happened before nor since; much of the street railway franchise legislation was carried through the council; the gross income tax of the Georgia Railway and Electric Company began; the debts of the former administra tion were paid and an addition made to the perpetual charter fund of the city. Without disparagement to other mayors of Atlanta it is safe to say that none has ever been more zealous in the dis charge of his duties nor more intelligent in executing his obligations to the municipality, though all the time he was in office he found time to converse with his friends who happened to visit him, and never missed an opportunity to crack a joke or listen to an inter esting anecdote. But it was in social matters that Major Minis was at his best. For twenty years he was president of the Capital City club, of which he was one of the charter members. At the head of this famous social organization he dispensed its hospital ities to three presidents of the United States Cleveland, Harrison and McKinley besides a number of cabinet officers, United States senators and governors of states. On such occasions the reputa tion of the club was fully maintained, for he was a host "to the manner born." The hospitality of his home was proverbial and he loved its associations. For a period of twenty years he was away from Atlanta but twice: once in 1891, when he went to Washington, D. C., to attend the funeral of his old friend and comrade in arms, General Johnston, and again in 1901, when as mayor of the city he visited the exposition at Charleston, S. C., accompanied by the members of the city council and a large number of Atlantas citi zens. When once asked why he did not travel more, he promptly responded : "What do I want to go away for? I have a nice home, 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
an attractive wife and daughter, my books, my chair, my slippers and my plain wholesome food, which is the best in the world to me. I wont go except when I have to go." This answer was characteristic of the man. He loved his family and his books, and found pleasure in the associations with both. Being a wide reader he was naturally a gifted and entertaining conversationalist. Although he was full of mirthfulness and enjoyed a good joke, his heart overflowed with the milk of human kindness and many citizens of Atlanta can bear testimony to his generous and well directed charity, which was always of the unostentatious kind. Major Mims was married three times. His first wife died about one year after their marriage; the second bore him a daughter, who is now the wife of Joseph E. Thompson, and died when that daugh ter was but a child. Mrs. Thompson was president of the Womans Board of the great Cotton States Exposition held some years ago in Atlanta. In this capacity she showed such marked executive ability and such grace and largeness in entertainment that it did much to create a more united feeling between North and South and elicited much encomium. The third wife of Major Mims, and the one who survives him, was Miss Sue Harper, daughter of Col. W. C. Harper, a distinguished lawyer of Brandon, Miss. She is a descendant of that stanch old Scotch ancestry that fled to Ireland in an early day to escape religious persecution. Although a woman of great personal beauty, her physicial charms are more than surpassed by her amiable disposition and intellectual attainments. Major Mims was a man of striking personal appearance and bril liant intellect, and for forty years this charming couple walked hand in hand down lifes pathway, congenial in thoughts, tastes and desires, bestowing the blessings of their felicitous personali ties upon all who came within the sphere of their influence. Major Mims maternal grandmother was Eunice Burr, a near relative of Aaron Burr, and it is thought that it was from this branch of his ancestry that he inherited his handsomeness and brilliancy. Pro fessor Silliman of Harvard university was of the same lineage. Major Mims was made the special protege of a Mrs. Davis, a sister of his mother, and with her took long horseback rides in his boy hood to the different educational institutions of Mississippi. She was a woman of rare attainments and doubtless wielded a great influence in cultivating in him the love for the good, the true and the beautiful, which in later years became such marked traits of his character. This Mrs. Davis was the "unknown admirer and rel ative" who placed the stone over Aaron Burrs grave at Princetqn, 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
599 
 
N. J. Upon the occasion of Major Minis death the mayor of At lanta, J. G. Woodward, ordered the city flag at half mast and had the city offices closed to give the officials and employes in the va rious, departments an opportunity to attend the funeral. The fol lowing quotations, from the Atlanta Evening News of March 5, 1906, show the character of Major Mims and the esteem in which heJwas held by his fellow-townsmen. "In the room occupied by the late Livingston Mims there is a marble slab over the mantel piece wivls this motto painted upon it; The pleasure of doing good is: Sie on!;v" owe that never wears out. The motto was original with Mafor MiMs, He lived up to his : motto. Major Mims was a lover of flowers and his large; lawn on Peachtree street was laden with more beautiful flowers than any place in the city. He took great interest in Mrs. Mims work and read every article she wrote. He sympathized entirely with his lovely wife in- her chosen work and nothing interested him more. * * * While Major Mims was dis tinctly a product of the :Old South, and while he attained the ripe age of seventy-six years, there was never an hour when he was not abreast of the times and never did he fail to fit into his modern environment. He managed successfully a great business and he made, when three score years and ten had silvered his hair, one of the best mayors Atlanta ever had. * * * But with all his manifold qualities we like to think of him as a rare and splendid type of the old-time Southerner, in whom gentle and tender emotions were mingled with courage and strength. He loved honor; he loved fidelity; he loved his fellow man. * * * But rarest of all exotics in his life, loveliest and most sweet and tender, has been the gentle flower that bloomed nearest his heart she who stays while he is gone." 
Mimsville, a post-hamlet of Baker county, is near the northeast corner of Miller county. Corea, on the Georgia, Florida & Alabama railroad, is the nearest station. 
Mineola, a post-village of Lowndes county, is on the Georgia Southern & Florida railway, about ten miles north of Valdosta. It has some mercantile interests, an express office, and in 1900 re ported a population of 88. 
Mineral Bluff, an incorporated town of Fannin county, is on the Murphy division of the Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern railway, about five miles northeast of Murphy Junction. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, is a trading center for that part of the county, and in 1900 reported a population of 158. 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Mineral Springs, a post-hamlet of Pickens county, is located about seven miles west of Tate, which is the nearest railroad sta tion. 
Minneta, a post-hamlet of Jasper county, is the first station on the Central of Georgia railroad south of Monticello. It has an ex press office and some local trade. 
Mint. In 1831 Georgia sent over $200,000 worth of gold to the United States mint. The product of her mines kept up at about this rate for the next five years and in 1838 the government estab lished a branch mint at Dahlonega, which is in the heart of the gold region. In 1843 over half a million dollars were coined at the Geor gia mint. In 1861 the state took possession of the mint and about $20,000 of gold coin then in the vaults. After the war the institu tion reverted to the Federal government, but was never again used for the purpose of coining money. In 1873 it was given to the State of Georgia for the North Georgia agricultural college. The old building was destroyed by fire in 1878. (See Gold). 
Minute Men. During the late summer and fall of 1860, when the relations between the North and South were daily becoming more strained and uncertain, companies of Minute Men were organized at various points in the State of Georgia. The movement origi nated at Macon and the purpose was declared to be "to sustain Southern constitutional equality in the Union, or failing in that, to establish our independence out of it." Some of the companies took singular names, such as the "Choctaws," the "Rattlesnakes," the "Regulators," etc. In Atlanta the Minute Men were organized by Col. T. C. Howard, and it was not long until over four hundred men had enrolled their names. When Governor Brown ordered the state troops to take possession of Fort Pulaski the Minute Men of Macon passed resolutions commending his action and pledging themselves to sustain his administration. The Minute Men of Augusta were among the troops that compelled Captain Elzey to surrender the United States arsenal there. After the secession ordinance had been adopted the various organizations of Minute Men were merged in the state troops or in the provisional army of the Confederate government. 
Miriam, a post-hamlet in the western part of Decatur county, is not far from the Chattahoochee river. Iron City, on the Atlantic Coast Line railway, is the nearest station. 
Mish, a post-hamlet of Forsyth county, with a population of 42, is about seven miles northeast of Gumming. Flowery Branch is the nearest railroad station. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
601 
 
Missionaries, Early. Great interest was taken by the churches of England in the project to found the colony of Georgia. Col lections were taken up in more than a hundred churches to aid in the work. The archbishop of Canterbury, a number of bishops, archdeacons, deans, and other high church dignitaries gave liber ally, and several clergymen volunteered to go as missionaires to the new colony. Foremost among these were Doctor Herbert, Samuel Quincy, John and Charles Wesley, William Norris and the celebrated George Whitefield. Bolzius and Gronau as leaders of the Salzburg colony at Ebenezer were active in promoting relig ious sentiment among the people, and Peter Boehler, a Moravian, played a considerable part in the early religious life of Georgia. 
Missions, Cherokee.--In 1817 the first mission under the auspices of the American board of commissioners for foreign missions among the Cherokees- was established at Springplace, Murray county. The mission was at first in charge of a Mr. Kingsbury, who was later joined by Moody Hall and Loring Williams. During the following year a number of the Cherokees were baptized and re ceived into the church. About 1822 four men. Potter, Butler, Ellsworth and Parker, joined the missionaries and in 1825 several new stations were established. The work was kept up until the Indians relinquished the title to their lands. 
As early as 1799 Abraham Steiner was sent out by the society of United Brethren to ask permission to establish a school among the Cherokees. He pressed the subject with great energy in the national council of the Indians, and was backed by the officers of the United States government, but his request was refused. The next year he made another attempt and was again denied. As the council was about to come to an end two influential chiefs agreed to patronize the school independently of the council, and one of them offered Mr. Steiner a location on land that he had cleared near his home. In 1801 the school was opened by Mr. Steiner and a Mr. Byhan and like the American mission it remained a pow erful influence for the civilization of the Indians as long as they continued to live in the state. 
Mistletoe, a post-hamlet in the northwestern part of Columbia county, is not far from the Little river. Thompson, the county seat of McDuffie county, is the most convenient railroad station. 
Mitchell, a town in Glascock county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Dec. 17, 1896. It is located on the Augusta Southern railroad, five miles west of Gibson, and in 1900 reported a population of 246. It has a money order postoffice, with rural 
 
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free delivery, express and telegraph offices, some good stores, small factories, schools, churches, etc., and does considerable shipping. 
Mitchell County was laid out in 1857 from Baker and was named for David B. Mitchell, who was governor of Georgia and commis sioner to the Creek Indians. It is bounded by Dougherty county on the north, Worth and Colquitt on the east, Thomas, Grady and Decatur on the south and Baker on the west and northwest. The Flint river on the west separates it from Baker. Many other streams cross the county and there are several large ponds or lakes within its boundaries. A branch of the Atlantic Coast Line railway runs through the center of the county from north to south and the Flint river & Northeastern forms a junction with this line at Pelham. Much of the original timber still stands, but a large part of it is not suitable for the market. Numerous saw-mills and turpen tine stills are constantly employed, turpentine, rosin, and lumber being important articles of export. Cotton, corn, rice, sweet and Irish potatoes are staple productions and great quantities of peaches, grapes and watermelons are marketed in the cities east and west. There are several well paying dairy farms in the county. Camilla is the county seat and is extensively engaged in manufac turing. Pelham is another thriving town. These two places handle most of the products of the surrounding country. The population according to the census of 1900 was 14,767, a gain of 3,861 since 1890. 
Mitchell, David Bradie, was born in Scotland, Oct. 22, 1766. His uncle, Dr. Brady, was captured by the British and died on a prison ship, leaving his property to his nephew, who came to Savan nah in 1783 to claim it. He studied law under William Stephens and as clerk of the committee to revise the criminal code became well acquainted with these laws. He was elected solicitor-general in 1795, and representative in the legislature in 1796. In 1804 he was made major-general of the militia; was elected governor in 1809 and again in 1815, resigning in 1817, when he was appointed Indian agent by the president. The following January he con cluded a treaty with the Creek Indians at their agency. He died at Milledgeville April 22, 1818. A monument was erected to his memory by the legislature, and Mitchell county was named for him. 
Mitchell, Eugene Muse, senior member of the well known and successful law firm of E. M. & G. F. Mitchell, Atlanta, was born in that city, Oct. 13, 1866. He is a son of Russell Crawford Mitchell, who was born in Madison county, Ga., Feb. 27, 1837, and Deborah 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
603 
 
Margaret (Sweet) Mitchell, who was born at Mount Pleasant, Fla., 
 
March 12, 1847. There is a large family connection in Atlanta, 
 
noted for several generations for wealth and political prominence. 
 
In the agnatic line Mr. Mitchell is de 
 
scended from the ancient Mitchell family 
 
of Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Thomas 
 
Mitchell, the progenitor of the family in 
 
jGeorgia, was a lieutenant in the Contin- 
 
ijental line during the Revolution, and set 
 
tled in Wilkes county, Ga., about 1777. 
 
|He later became civil engineer for the 
 
:;;State> Ixing one of the engineers who 
 
testatfe&ed the boundary line between 
 
;:Georgia: -and North Carolina. William 
 
: Mitchell, great-grandfather of the sub- 
 
. 
 
;ject of this sketch, was a soldier in 
 
the war of 1812, taking part in the battle of New Orleans, and his brother-in-law, Arnold Thomason, was General Jacksons 
 
courier who carried the news of the victory to Washington. Alex 
 
ander W. Mitchell, great-uncle of Eugene M., took up his residence 
 
in Atlanta about 1844, and shortly afterward Rev. Isaac G. Mitch 
 
ell, grandfather of him whose name heads this article, also located 
 
in this city. Upon him devolved the privilege of performing 
 
the marriage ceremony for the first couple to be wedded in the 
 
village of Marthasville, as Atlanta was then known. Russell C. 
 
Mitchell was a member of the city council of Atlanta in 1872; 
 
served as alderman from 1877 to 1880, and in the latter year was 
 
mayor pro tern. He was a descendant also of James Dudley, who 
 
was rewarded for services as a Revolutionary soldier by special 
 
act of the Georgia legislature in 1822. William Charles Sweet, 
 
maternal grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was a soldier 
 
in the Seminole war and also served as lieutenant in the Confeder 
 
ate ranks during the Civil war. On the maternal side Mr. Mitchell 
 
is descended also from Capt. John Munnerlynn, who served with 
 
Gen. Francis Marion in the Revolution; also from Capt. John Mc- 
 
Kenzie and Chaplain John Bethune, of the Highlanders regiment 
 
of North Carolina royalists in the Revolution. Russell C. Mitchell 
 
enlisted in the Confederate service in July, 1861, as a private in 
 
Company I, First Texas volunteer infantry, with which he took part 
 
m the battles of Seven Pines, second Manassas and nine other en 
 
gagements, being severely wounded in Hoods famous charge at 
 
Sharpsburg. He was made orderly sergeant in 1862, and from 
 
 604 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
1863 until the close of the war was in service as superintendent of a military hospital. Eugene Muse Mitchell availed himself of the advantages of the public schools of Atlanta, winning the Peabody scholarship medal, and prepared for college in the Means high school. He was graduated in the University of Georgia as a mem ber of the class of 1885, with the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Science, securing first honors in the latter and third in the former, while he had the highest senior average recorded in the university up to that time. In 1886 he was graduated in the law school of the university, securing the degree of Bachelor of Law. He was admitted to the bar in the same year and forthwith estab-lished himself in his native city, where he built up a representative professional business, devoting himself for a number of years more particularly to criminal law, being engaged in several noted cases, including the Myers case and the Bryan murder case. He now devotes himself more closely to the specialties of real-estate, pro bate and commercial practice, and is associated with his brother, Gordon F., under the professional title noted in the opening lines of this article. The firm controls a large and important business. Mr. Mitchell is also secretary and treasurer of the Continental Land Company, one of the largest land-holding corporations in Atlanta. For the past twenty years he has taken a prominent part in nearly every political campaign in which principles and not merely men have figured as issues, but he has invariably and insist ently resisted the importunities of his friends to become a candi date for political office. He is unwavering in his allegiance to the Democratic party, has served as a member of the county executive committee of the same, and as secretary of the Young Mens Dem ocratic league, of Atlanta. In May, 1905, he was elected a member of the Atlanta board of education, for a term of five years. From 1899 to 1903 he was a trustee of the public library of Atlanta, in the organization of which he bore a leading part. For three terms he was president of the Young Mens library association, of which he was also secretary for many years. As chairman of the histori cal committee of this association he caused to be collected the val uable library of books pertaining to the history of Georgia now in the local Carnegie library. He was for several years a member of the Atlanta artillery, a local company of the state militia, and served as first sergeant in the same. He is identified with the Georgia bar association, the Atlanta bar association and the Chi Phi college fraternity. He is past grand in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, past chancellor of the Knights of Pythias, and past 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
605 
 
sachem in the Improved Order of Red Men. On Nov. 7, 1892, Mr. Mitchell was united in marriage to Miss Mary Isabel Stephens, daughter of John and Annie E. (Fitzgerald) Stephens, of Atlanta, and they became the parents of three children, Russell Stephens Mitchell, who died in 1894; Alexander Stephens, who was born in 1896; and Margaret Munnerlynn, who was born in 1900. 
Mitchell, Gordon Forrest, is engaged in the practice of law in the d% of Atlanta, as junior member of the firm of E. M. & G. F. Mltijheli:.: In the sketch of his brother and professional coadjutor, 
nie ; M. Mitchell, in this work is outlined the family history, o ikis .sketch mentioned ready reference may be made for sucli data. Mr. ; Mitehe;}l was born in Atlanta, Nov. 17, 1872, and alter completing &is iewriculum of the Means high school in his native city, he was matriculated in the law school of the University of Georgia, being graduated as a member of the class of 1891, and admitted to the bar in the same year. He has since been engaged in the active work of his profession in Atlanta and has been asso ciated with his brother in practice since 1891, their attention being given more specially to real-estate, probate and commercial law. He is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party, taking a loyal interest in its cause but never having been a seeker of office. He is a member of the Atlanta bar association, the Chi Phi college fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Atlanta Athletic club and the Saturday Night club. Mitchells Plantation. On July 13, 1836, during the Creek war, Capt. Levi J. Knight, with a company of about seventy-five men, came up with a party of Indians on the Allapaha river, near the plantation of W. H. Mitchell, in Irwin county. In the engagement which ensued all the Indians except five were killed, their arms, camp equipage, etc., falling into the hands of the whites. Con sidering the small number of men engaged, this was one of the most sanguinary and decisive battles of the war. Mize, a post-hamlet in the southern part of Stephens county, is about six of seven miles southwest of Eastanolle, which is the nearest railroad station. Mobley, a post-village in the northern part of Screven county, reported a population of 106 in 1900. It is fifteen miles north of Sylvania, which is the nearest railroad station. Mock, Peter A., has been engaged in the general merchandise business in Sylvania for nearly twenty years and is now known as one of the leading business men of Screven county. His success is the more gratifying to contemplate from the fact that it has been 
 
 606 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
attained through his own well directed endeavors and by means 
 
which have retained to him the unqualified confidence and regard of 
 
his fellow citizens. He was born in the thriving little city which 
 
is now his home, March 22, 1863. He is a son of Robert R. and 
 
,, 
 
Nancy (Robbins) Mock, both of whom 
 
were natives of Screven county, where 
 
the father was born in 1833. He was a 
 
successful planter at the outbreak of the 
 
Civil war, but tendered his services in 
 
defense of the cause of the Confederacy, 
 
was a valiant soldier in a Georgia regi 
 
ment and died in 1867, soon after the 
 
close of the great conflict between the 
 
states. His widow, who was born April 
 
18, 1834, survived him by many years, her 
 
death occurring July 15, 1898, at a vener 
 
able age. The early educational advan 
 
tages enjoyed by Peter A. Mock were those afforded in the schools 
 
of Sylvania and Goloid, Screven county, and in 1887, at the age of 
 
twenty-four years, he established himself in the mercantile business 
 
in Sylvania, beginning operations on a very modest scale, as his 
 
financial resources were limited. All he received from his fathers 
 
estate was represented in a cow and calf and about four acres of. 
 
land. The basis of his mercantile business was the sum of $500, 
 
which he had personally accumulated by raising cotton, having 
 
had fifteen acres devoted to this crop and picking the cotton on 
 
eight acres himself. From this small beginning he has advanced 
 
to a position as one of the leading merchants and influential citizens 
 
of Sylvania, his well equipped department store displaying a gen 
 
eral stock of dry goods, groceries, boots and shoes, clothing, etc., 
 
while he also handles wagons, buggies, agricultural implements, 
 
fertilizers, etc., buys and sells cotton and also owns a mule and 
 
horse market. He is an alert and progressive business man and 
 
is well entitled to the esteem in which he is so uniformly held. 
 
He is a member of the directorate of the Sylvania & Girard Rail 
 
road Company. Though never a seeker of public office Mr. Mock 
 
is a stanch supporter of the cause of the Democratic party, and he 
 
and his wife are members of the Baptist church. On March 30, 
 
1894, he was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Conner, and they 
 
have four children, namely: Peter Arthur, Jr., Frederick, Mary 
 
Elizabeth, and Mildred Marguerite. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
607 
 
Modesto, a post-hamlet of Cherokee county, is five miles south 
east of Toonigh, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Modoc, a post-village of Emanuel county, with a population of 100, is on the Midville, Swainsboro & Redbluff railroad, about five miles northeast of Swainsboro. It has a good local trade and does 
some shipping. 
Moise, Theodore Sidney, of Savannah, general manager of the Central of Geor 
gia railway, has been identified with the 
railway service for more than a quarter 
of a century, and has been continuously 
in the employ of the Central Railroad 
and Banking Company of Georgia and 
its successor, the Central of Georgia 
Railway Company. Mr. Moise was born 
in the city of New Orleans, La., June 13, 1862, a son of Edwin Warren and Louise 
(Hubert) Moise, the former born in South Carolina in 1811 and the latter in New Orleans in 1819. His father was for many years a leading member of the bar of New Orleans; was a prominent representa tive in the legislature of Louisiana; served as speaker of the house, and was at one time attorney-general of the state. The subject of this review received a common school education, and in 1880 en tered the railroad service, occupying various clerical positions in agency work and as conductor and yardmaster at Montgomery, Ala., and Macon, Ga., since which he has been consecutively from Feb. 1, 1890 to June 1892, train master, Savannah & Western di vision at Columbus, Ga.; train master, Southwestern Division at Macon, Ga.; and superintendent, Savannah & Atlantic Division at Savannah, Ga.; from June 1892 to February, 1893, superintendent, South Carolina division at Augusta, Ga.; February, 1893 to Sept. 15,1898, superintendent, Savannah & Western division at Columbus, Ga.; Sept. 15, 1898, to Dec. 15, 1903, superintendent, Savannah division at Savannah; Dec. 15, 1903 to Feb. 25, 1904, general super intendent of transportation; Feb. 25, 1904 to Jan. 19, 1905, general superintendent; January 19, 1905, to date, general manager of the system. In politics, Mr. Moise is a Democrat. He and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church, and he is identified with the Oglethorpe club, Savannah Yacht club, and the Forest City Gun club. On April 6, 1887, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Moise to Miss Mary Gaston, daughter of Dr. John Brown and 
 
 608 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Sara Jane (Torrance) Gaston, of Montgomery, Ala., and they have four children, Edwin Warren, Sara Gaston, Theodore Sidney, and Mary. 
Molena, an incorporated town in the southwestern part of Pike county, reported a population of 394 in 1900. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph offices, a bank, some mercantile and manufacturing enterprises, good schools, churches, etc., and is an important shipping point. 
Moniac, a town in the western part of the neck of Charlton coun ty that has the State of Florida on three sides of it, is situated on the St. Marys river and on the branch of the Georgia, Southern & Florida railroad that connects Valdosta, Ga., with Jacksonville, Fla. The adjacent country is productive of tobacco, long staple cotton, sugar-cane, sweet potatoes, melons, oranges and figs. The cypress and pine forests near by furnish abundant material for building up a large trade in lumber and naval stores. According to the census of 1900 Moniac had a population of 400, and was the largest town in Charlton county. It has express and telegraph offices, several stores, schools and churches. 
Monroe, the county seat of Walton county, was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1821 and named in honor of James Monroe, fifth president of the United States. It is on the Gainesville, Jefferson & Southern railway and is on an elevation com manding a fine view of Stone Mountain in the distance. Its public buildings, including court house, jail and town hall, are valued at $40,000. It has express and telegraph offices, a money-order post-office with seven rural free delivery routes, two banks, suc cessful mercantile establishments, some manufactories, among which are a cotton seed oil mill and a cotton factory. The public schools afford educational advantages and several denominations have churches. The population of the district in 1900 was 3,241, and of these 1,846 lived within the corporate limits of the town. 
Monroe County was laid out by the lottery act of 1821 and a part set off to Butts in 1825. It was named for James Monroe, fifth president of the United States. It is in the central part of the state and is bounded by Butts county on the north, Jasper and Jones on the east, Bibb on the southeast, Crawford on the south and Upson, Pike and Spalding on the west. The Ocmulgee river washes the eastern border and various smaller streams cross the land. Along the water-courses the soil is exceedingly fertile and well adapted to the production of corn, wheat and oats, while small grains and grasses thrive on the gray and mulatto lands. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
609 
 
Apples, peaches, melons and all kinds .of berries are raised and find a ready market in Forsyth and Macon. Upland cotton is an an important crop. Forsyth, the county seat, is a manufacturing and trade center. Culloden and Juliette are thriving towns. The schools of the county are excellent, the Monroe female college at Forsyth being especially well known. The population in 1900 was 2QM2, a gain of 1,545 since 1890. The Central of Georgia railroad ; passes through the center of the county, one division of the Southern runs along the east side and another forms a junction with a branch of the Seaboard Air Line at Culloden. The Towaliga and the Ocmulgee rivers have water-falls which offer in ducements for the location of factories. The Towaliga Falls are thus described by William C. Richards, in his "Illustrations of Georgia": "The pleasing impressions first received were contin ually enhanced by successive and varied views, which may be ob tained at will. Indeed so fine is the view afforded from many points, that it is difficult to decide which is the most attractive; and passing from rock to rock, the beholder is ever delighted with new features. This variety is the greatest charm of the scene. The river above the falls; is about three hundred feet wide, flowing swiftly over a rocky shoal. At its first descent it is divided by .a ledge of rock, and forms two precipitous falls for a distance of fifty feet. The falls are much broken by the uneven surface over which the water flows, and on reaching their rocky basin are shiv ered into foam and spray." 
Monroe Female College. About 1848 the people of Forsyth started an agitation in favor of the establishment of a female col lege in the town and the legislature of 1849 granted a charter to the "Forsyth Female Collegiate Institute." The first board of trustees was made up of men of different religious denominations, but the school subsequently passed into the hands of the Baptist church, when the name was changed to its present form. The school has fine buildings and about three hundred young ladies have received degrees from the school since it was first opened. 
Monroe, James R, of Abbeville, is one of the representative busi ness men of Wilcox county, where his interests are wide and varied. He was born in Bryan county, Ga., March 10, 1861, and is a son of James Madison Monroe, who was born in Cherokee county, Ga., and died in 1896, at Genoa, Fla., aged seventy years. He was in service as a soldier of the Confederacy during the Civil war, having been in the command of General McAllister and stationed for some time at Fort McAllister. Lucy (Lanier) Monroe, the mother of 
39-11 
 
 610 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the subject of this sketch, died when he was a boy. She was a cousin of the late Sidney Lanier, Georgias distinguished poet and author. James R. Monroe was afforded the advantages of the 
schools of Dawson, Terrell county, and thereafter was for two years a student in. the South Georgia male and female col lege, of that place. On the day before his nineteenth birthday he began teaching in the public schools of Wilcox county and continued to be actively and success fully engaged in pedagogic work for six years. He then turned his attention to agricultural pursuits, and for two years- 
he also conducted a general store at Bowens Mill in that county. He then remov ed his stock of goods to Abbeville, where he now has one of the leading general-merchandise concerns of this section of the state, handling furniture, etc., and being re cognized as one of the reliable and progressive merchants of the town. He is the owner of a large and well improved planta tion in Wilcox county, and is engaged in the manufacturing of brick. He deals in real estate and is one of the leading promoters of southern Georgia, his fine initiative and executivepowers having been enlisted in bringing to successful issue many large and important enterprises. He is industrial agent for the Seaboard Air Line railroad; was one of the organizers and incorporators of the Abbeville & Waycross Railroad Company,, in 1894; and served as secretary and treasurer of this company un til its property was sold to the Georgia & Alabama Railroad Com pany. It is due entirely to the efforts of Mr. Monroe that the colonization and upbuilding of the thriving little city of Fitzgerald,. Irwin county, was effected. He held options on all the land in. that place and was successful in bringing to the locality a large number of colonists from the west people of the best order of citizenship. From a small village the town has grown to be a thriving and beautiful city of 3,000 population, this change having been effected within the course of a few years. Mr. Monroe makesa specialty of the real-estate business and of loaning mony on realestate security. In politics he gives an unqualified allegiance to the Democratic party, and was for several years chairman of the boards of education of Wilcox county and the city of Abbeville, In 1899 he served as mayor of the city, giving a most able and pro- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
611 
 
gressive administration. He is a gentleman of culture and of gra cious bearing, enjoying the high regard of all who know him. He is a member of the local lodge and chapter of the Masonic frater nity, is identified with the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and he and his wife are members of the Missionary Baptist church. On June 12, 1886, Mr. Monroe was united in marriage to Frances Eleanor (Fuller) Reed, daughter of the late Capt. Samuel D. Fuller, of whom individual mention is imade in this compilation. Mr. and Mrs. Monroe have four chiltiien Randolph, Eugene, Pauline and Sidney. 
Mortte, a town in the central part of Emanuel county, is on the short branch of the Millen & Southwestern railroad that runs to Dekle, and is about six miles northeast of Stillmore. The popu lation in 1900 was 257v It has a money order postoffice, a good local trade and does considerable shipping. 
Monteith, a post-village in the northern part of Chatham county, is ten miles north of Savannah, on the Southern and Atlantic Coast Line railroads. The population in 1900 was 99. It is a trading center for that part of the county. 
Monteith Swamp, in EfHngham county, was the scene of a lively skirmish on Dec. 9, 1864. The Twentieth army corps left Spring field that morning and continued its march toward Savannah. About the middle of :the afternoon they reached Montieth swamp to find Confederate works on either side of the road manned by a force of infantry and artillery. The main body of the First divi sion engaged the Confederates in front, while two regiments were sent to turn the right of the works. The movement was success ful and after a stubborn resistance the Confederates were com pelled to yield to the superior force. They retired in good order, however, and that night the Federal force encamped in the re doubts that had been evacuated. 
Montezuma, the largest town in Macon county, is on the east bank of the Flint river at the junction of the Atlantic & Birming ham and the branch of the Central of Georgia railway that con nects Macon and Americus. It was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1854 and has the largest trade of any town in the county. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph offices, two banks, manufactories of cotton seed oil and meal and fertilizers, a good public school system, at the head of which is the Montezuma academy, and good church privileges. Most of the buildings in the business district are of brick and the merchants have a large trade, handling about 12,000 
 
 612 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
bales of cotton every year. The population in 1900 was 903 in 
 
the town and 4,643 in the district. 
 
Montgomery, Rev. Charles, the able 
 
..:- ;: 
 
and honored pastor of the Presbyterian 
 
church at Mount Vernon, Montgomery 
 
county, was born in Sumter county, S. 
 
C, Dec. 27, 1869, being a son of Robert 
 
M. and Laura (Pugh) Montgomery, the 
 
former of whom was born in Sumter 
 
county and the latter in the State of 
 
Alabama. His father died in 1887 and 
 
his mother still resides at the old home 
 
place near Sumter, S. C. Robert M. 
 
Montgomery was a leal and loyal sol 
 
dier of the Confederacy in the Civil war, 
 
in the South Carolina regiment commanded by Col. Harry Ben- 
 
bow, and having been in the ranks during practically the entire 
 
period of the conflict. Charles Montgomery, subject of this re 
 
view duly availed himself of the advantages of the common schools 
 
of his native county, later attending school one term in Manning, 
 
Clarendon county, after which he entered the Wafford fitting 
 
school, a preparatory institution, at Spartanburg, S. C., where he 
 
remained a student for one year. He was then matriculated in 
 
Davidson college, Davidson, N. C., in which he was graduated as 
 
a member of the class of 1893, receiving the degree of Bachelor of 
 
Arts. He then entered the theological seminary at Columbia, 
 
S. C., in which he completed his divinity course, graduating in 
 
1896. He was then duly ordained to the ministry of the Presby 
 
terian church and shortly afterward accepted the pastorate of the 
 
church in Mount Vernon, Ga., where he has since remained, hav 
 
ing been more successful in his work, and being held in high re 
 
gard by all who know him. He is a forceful and convincing 
 
speaker and is indefatigable in his application to his pastoral du 
 
ties. Since coming to Mount Vernon he has organized five Pres 
 
byterian churches, those at Erick, McGregor, Hackbranch and 
 
Sadie, Montgomery county, and the one at McRae, Telfair county. 
 
He was commissioner from the Savannah presbytery to the gen 
 
eral assembly of the Presbyterian church at Jackson, Miss., in 
 
1902. In politics he gives his allegiance to the Democratic party. 
 
On July 27, 1897, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Montgomery 
 
to Miss Delia McRae, daughter of Elijah and Jane (Smith) Me- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
613 
 
Rae, of Mount Vernon, and they have three children, Marguerite, born in 1898; Robert, born in 1901; and Charles, Jr., born in 1903. 
Montgomery County was laid out from Washington in 1793 and was named in honor of Gen. Richard Montgomery, who was killed in the attack upon the fortifications at Quebec in 1775. A part was set off to Tattnall in 1801, it was enlarged by the addition of parts of Telfair and Tattnall in 1811 and the same year a part was set off to Laurens. In 1812, another part was set off to Emanuel, a part of Tattnall was added to it in 1814, part of Telfair in 1820 and another in 1833. In August, 1905, a portion was set off to form Toombs county. Previous to the last division the boun daries were as follows: Emanuel county on the northeast, Tatt nall on the southeast, Appling on the south, Telfair on the south west, Dodge and Laurens on the west, and Laurens on the northwest. The Oconee river flows through the center of the county, furnishing water transportation, a division of the Seaboard Air Line railway crosses the county from east to west, the Macon, Dublin & Savannah runs northwest from Vidalia, the Stillmore Air Line touches the eastern side, and a branch of the Southern sys tem runs along the southwestern boundary just across the Ocmulgee river. The principal productions are cotton, potatoes, rice, sugar-cane and the cereals. Fruits and vegetables are grown, but only for home consumption. Much of the original forest still stands and many saw-mills and turpentine distilleries are con stantly employed in preparing lumber and naval stores for the market. Mount Vernon, the county seat, Vidalia and Ailey are the chief towns. The population in 1900 was 16,359, an increase of 7,111 in ten years. 
Montgomery, Robert M., one of the leading representatives of the medical profession in the recently organized county of Jeff Davis, is engaged in gen eral practice as physician and surgeon, with residence and headquarters in the thriving little city of Hazlehurst. He was born in Clarendon county, S. C, March 25, 1865, and bears the full pa tronymic of his father, Robert M., Sr., who was born in the same county in January, 1830, and served with distinc tion as a soldier of the Confederacy in the Civil war. He enlisted, in 1861, as a private in a company of 
 
 614 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
South Carolina volunteers and later was made commissary master, in which position he continued until the surrender of General Lee. He then returned to his homestead plantation, where he died shortly afterward. His wife, whose maiden name was Laura M. Pugh, was born in Alabama, in 1834, and is now living on the old homestead. Doctor Montgomery passed his boyhood and youth on the home plantation and secured his early educational disci pline in the schools of his native county. He supplemented this by two years of study in Davidson college, Davidson, N. C, where he also took up the study of medicine under the preceptorship of Dr. J. P. Munroe, founder of the North Carolina medical college at Davidson. He later went to Charleston and entered the Medi cal College of the State of South Carolina, in which he was gradu ated as a member of the class of 1897, duly receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine from that well equipped institution. Soon after his graduation he came to Georgia, located in Mount Vernon, Montgomery county, where he was engaged in practice two years, passed the ensuing two years in general practice at Jacksonville, Telfair county, and then located in Hazlehurst, where he now con trols a large and representative professional business, commanding unequivocal regard and confidence both as a physician and a citi zen. In politics he is an uncompromising adherent of the Demo cratic party, and has served as a member of the board of aldermen of Hazlehurst, refusing to became a candidate for other offices by reason of the exigent demands of his professional work. He is a member of the Medical Association of Georgia, is affiliated with Pocohontas Lodge, No. 108, Knights of Pythias in Hazlehurst, and he and his wife are valued and zealous members of the local Presbyterian church. In April, 1900, Doctor Montgomery was united in marriage to Miss Ruby Wilcox, daughter of Mark and Mary Wilcox, of Jacksonville, Ga., and they have two children, Evelyn, born July 23, 1902, and Carroll, born in Jan. 4, 1906. 
Montgomery, William W., jurist, was born at Augusta, Ga., Nov. 11, 1827. He was educated at Georgetown college in the Dis trict of Columbia, and also attended the University of Georgia un til his senior year in 1847, when he left the institution. Two years later he was admitted to the bar and for sometime practiced at Waynesboro. In 1854 he returned to Augusta, where he contin ued to practice until the commencement of the Civil war. From 1861 to 1865 he was solicitor-general. At the close of the war he refused to conform to the requirements of the Federal govern ment, demanded from all the lawyers of the South, and for a time 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
615 
 
gave up his profession. In 1868 he returned to the bar, forming 
 
a partnership at that time with Herschel V. Johnson. This part 
 
nership continued until 1872, when Governor Smith appointed Mr. 
 
Montgomery associate justice of the supreme court, to fill the 
 
place made vacant by the promotion of Hiram Warner to the chief- 
 
justiceship. His term ended in February, 1873. While on the 
 
supreme bench the case of the Macon & Augusta railroad vs Lit 
 
tle was decided. In this case the legality of the October session 
 
o| the legislature of 1870 was called into question and it was one 
 
of the most important and far reaching decisions ever handed down 
 
by; the court, the chief justice dissenting from the two associates. 
 
Judge Montgomery delivered the ruling of the court in this famous 
 
case. 
 
: 
 
Monticello, the county seat of Jasper county, was incorporated 
 
by act of the legislature in 1872. In the old ante-bellum days, it 
 
was noted for its excellent academy, and it still has good schools. 
 
It is located on that branch of the Central of Georgia railway sys 
 
tem running from Macon to Athens, and enjoys a good trade, 
 
handling an average of about 10,000 bales of cotton annually. It 
 
has properous stores, express and telegraph offices, two banks, and 
 
some manufactories, among which are a vehicle manufacturing 
 
company, a harness and collar factory, a bobbin factory, and a cot 
 
ton oil mill. Five rural mail routes emanate from the postoffice 
 
at this point. The country roads, being kept in good condition, 
 
give the farmers easy access to the town. The Monticello dis 
 
trict had a population of 3,297 in 1900, and of these 1,106 lived 
 
within the corporate limits of the town. 
 
Montreal, a village of Dekalb county, is on the Seaboard Air 
 
Line railroad, about six miles northeast of Decatur. It has a 
 
money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, and in 1900 re 
 
ported a population of 41. 
 
Montrose, a village of Laurens county, is on the Macon, Dublin 
 
& Savannah railroad, near the Pulaski county line. It has a 
 
money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, an express office, 
 
some mercantile interests, and in 1900 reported a population of 59. 
 
Monuments in Georgia. Albany. Public square, to the Confed 
 
erate dead, by Ladies Memorial Association; statute unveiled Nov. 
 
13, 1901; cost $1,500. Americus Cemetery. To Confederate dead 
 
of Sumpter county, by Ladies Memorial Association and United 
 
Daughters of the Confederacy; statue unveiled April, 1899; 
 
cost $1,800. Athens. 1 Public street; to Confederate dead of 
 
Clarke county, by Ladies Memorial Association; unveiled 1872; 
 
 616 
 
Ci'CLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA . 
 
cost $4,444. 2--On normal college grounds; to Winnie Davis, Memorial educational building by. United Daughters of the Con federacy; dedicated 1903; cost $22,000. Atlanta.--1--Oakland Cemetery, soldiers section; to the Confederate dead; granite shaft,, by Ladies' Memorial Association; dedicated April 26, 1874; cost $7,000. 2--Oakland Cemetery, soldiers' section; colossal marble lion and Confederate flag; by Ladies' Memorial Association; un veiled 1895. 3--Westview Cemetery, soldiers' section; to the Con federate dead; marble statue by Camp 169, United Confederate Veterans. 4--Battle field of Atlanta; to Gen. W. H. T. Walker, C. S. A., and to General McPherson, U. S. A., killed in battle, July 22, 1864. 5--In the state capital; statue of Benjamin H. Hill. 6--Marietta street; statue of Henry W. Grady. 7--On the capitol grounds; equestrian statue of Gen. John B. Gordon. Augusta.-- 1--Greene street; to the Confederate dead of Richmond county;. marble shaft by citizens. 2--Broad street; to our Confederate dead, marble column, surrounded by statues and surmounted by figure of private Confederate soldier; by Ladies' Memorial Asso ciation; erected 1871; cost $17,300. 3--Confederate powder mill site; to the Confederacy; granite and brick. 4--Greene street; to the Georgia signers of the declaration of independence. Bainbridge Public Park; to the Confederate dead; marble sculptured fount, erected by citizens in 1906, and marble statue of Confed erate soldier, by United Daughters of the Confederacy. Bruns wick.--Hanover Park; to Confederate dead of Glynn county; mar ble shaft, by Ladies' Memorial Association; cost $5,000. Calhoun.--Cenotaph to Gen. Chas. H. Nelson. Cassville.--Cemetery, soldiers' section; to the Confederate dead; granite shaft, by Ladies' Memorial Association. Crawfordville.--1--Public street; to the Confederate dead; statue of Confederate soldier, by Ladies' Me morial Association; cost $1,500. 2--Liberty Hall; statute of Alex ander H. Stephens, by Stephens Memorial Association. Colum bus.--Linwood; granite and marble, by Ladies' Memorial Associa tion ; erected in 1898. Cuthbert.--Public park; to the Confeder ate dead; marble statue of Confederate soldier; 1894. Covington.--Public square; to Confederate dead. Chickamauga.--Bat tle field park; magnificent monument to the Confederate dead from Georgia and fifty-five "markers", erected by the state in Decem ber, 1894, at a cost of $25,000. Other monuments are to the Con federate dead from South Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, to the Confederate and Federal dead from Maryland by the state, and .numerous others, Confederate and Federal. Dalton.--Court house 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
61? 
 
park; to the Confederate dead; erected 1898; cost $2,000. Elberton;---Public Square; to the Confederate dead; by Ladies' Me morial Association and United Daughters of the Confederacy; cost $1,300. Greensboro.--Court-House park; to "Our Confederate Dead", by Ladies' Memorial Association and United Daughters of thg:: Confederacy; dedicated in August, 1898; cost $2,000. GriffM:~-~To the Confederate dead; granite and marble; by Ladies' 
Association; erected in 1868; cost $3,000. Gainesville.-- -:Confederate dead; granite and marble. LaGrange.--Mon;to;;*he Confederate dead; statue of Confederate soldier, by iDaaghters of'the Confederacy. Lawrenceville.--A menui;i5itt:;iii:.the eaiift house: square on one side of which is an inscriptio;s;to the imemory: of the men massacred at Goliad, Texas, March 27j;-!.p30, : aiid those killed: in battle with the Creek Indians, June 9, 1836. .(See Lawrenceville). Macon.--1--In the city; to the Confederate dead; granite and marble; statue of Confederate sol dier, by Ladies' Memorial Association and citizens; erected in 1875; cost $5,000. 2--In the city; to the women of the Confed eracy; granite and marble; corner stone laid April 9, 1906; erected by Confederate Veterans, "Sons", and citizens. 3--In the city; marble statue of William M. Wadley. Madison.--Soldiers' ceme tery ; monument and graves marked. Marietta.--Pine Mountain; to Gen. Leonidas Polk, by J. G. Morris, April, 1902; cost $500. Confederate cemetery graves marked. Palmetto.--In the city; tothe Confederate dead; granite and marble; dedicated 1906, by United Daughters of the Confederacy and Ladies' Memorial As sociation ; cost $1,500. Resaca.--Battle field; to the unknown Con federate dead, by Ladies' Memorial Association; graves markedRome.--Myrtle Hill; to the Confederate dead, by Ladies' Memorial" Association and citizens; August 26, 1887; cost $1,000. Sandersville.--In the city; Cenotaph, corner stone laid April 26, 1880;. monument to Confederate dead from the county; also a monument to Gov. Jared Irwin of the Revolution. Savannah.--Forsyth Park; monumental busts of General McLaws and General Bartow; mon uments to General Greene, Count Pulaski, and Sergeant Jasper of the American Revolution; monument to W. W. Gordon, one of the distinguished founders of the Central railroad. Sparta.--CourtHouse square; to our Confederate dead; granite and marble, by Ladies' Memorial Association; 1881. Thomasville.--To the Con federate dead. Thomson.--Confederate monument dedicated April 26, 1891. Warrenton.--To the Confederate dead; granite and mar ble ; unveiled 1905; by United Daughters of the Confederacy; 
 
 618 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
cost $1,500. Waynesboro cemetery.--Monument dedicated 1878, moved to the city and enlarged April 26, 1899; cost $800. West Point.--Confederate monument. 
Moon's Station.--As Hood was moving northward in the fall of 1864, Reynolds' brigade of Walthall's division on October 4th at tacked the Federals at Moon's Station on the Western & Atlantic railroad and captured about 80 prisoners with a loss of 6 men in 
killed and wounded. 
Moore, John Lyman, holds prestige as 
one of the leading opticians of Atlanta, being senior member of the firm of John 
L. Moore & Sons. He was born in Port 
age county, Wis., April 15, 1853, and in his native state he was reared and edu 
cated, completing his scholastic disci 
pline in Lawrence university, at Apple- 
ton. In 1875 he removed to Nebraska, 
where he became associated with his un 
cle in the manufacture of windmills. 
Selling his interest in this enterprise in 
1883, he went to Austin, Tex., from which city he became traveling representative of A. K. Hawkes, a prominent optician of the Lone Star state. In 1890 he engaged in the same line of business in Atlanta, as a member of the firm of Faulkner, Kellam & Moore. In 1901 he purchased the interest of Mr. Kellam and established the present firm of John L. Moore & Sons. The firm has a well equipped establishment, its facilities being of the best, and it controls a large and prosperous optical business in the capital city. Mr. Moore is a progressive and pub lic-spirited business man, is a Knight Templar Mason, noble of the Mystic Shrine, and both he and his wife are members of the Unitarian church. In 1876, at Two Rivers, Mo., Mr. Moore was united in marriage to Miss Laura Adele Hamilton, daughter of Henry P. Hamilton. They have two sons, Earle Hamilton and Harold Edward, both of whom are associated with their father 
in business. 
Moore, Robert Lee, the present mayor of the thriving town of Statesboro, the county seat of Bulloch county, is one of the able members of the bar of that county and is established in a success ful general practice. He was born at Scarboro, Screven county, Ga., Nov. 27, 1867, and is a son of Zachariah and Mary (Jackson) Moore, the former of whom, was born in Washington county, Ga., 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
619 
 
Oct. 2, 1825, and the latter in Wilkinson county, in 1840. Robert L. Moore passed his boyhood days on the homestead plantation and received his early educational training in Scarboro academy, 
after which he continued his studies in the Middle Georgia military and agricul tural college at Milledgeville. After leaving the last mentioned institution he taught school for a time, in Screven i county, later being employed as a sales.: man in a mercantile establishment at :; Millen. : He then went to the city of Sa;| ^annah,;- where he found employment as ;! drk: a;M; bookkeeper and where he studiMd law. tinder the preceptorship of Peter ;:W. Meidrim. He finally entered the ; law department of the University of Georgia, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1890, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Laws and being admitted to the bar of his native.state at Athens, June 18, 1890, by Judge N. L. Hutchins. Since that time he has resided in Statesboro, where he has met with excellent success and achieved prestige in the work of his profession. He is a stanch adherent of the Demo cratic party, of whose principles he is an effective exponent, and in December, 1905, his fellow townsmen gave significant evidence of their esteem by electing him to the office of mayor, of which he is the present incumbent. On June 22, 1893, Mr. Moore was united in marriage to Miss Laura Alderman, daughter of Hiram and Emma (Jones) Alderman, of Melrose, Fla. They have no chil dren. 
Moores Mills, a post-hamlet of Cherokee county, is on a branch of the Etowah river, seven miles northwest of Canton, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Moran, a post-hamlet in the northeast corner of Crawford county, is on the Macon & Birmingham railroad, and is about ten miles from Knoxville. 
Moreland, an incorporated town in the southern part of Coweta county, is on the Atlanta & West Point railroad, about five miles from Newnan. The population in 1900 was 229. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph of fices, and is a trading and shipping point for that section of the county. 
 
 620 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Morgan, the county seat of Calhoun county, was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1856. It is located about seven miles north of the Central of Georgia railway. Being without railroad communications, its growth has been somewhat slow, as its popu lation numbered in 1900 only 240. It has a court house, a money order postoffice with rural free delivery, a bank and a few stores. Its canning establishment puts up about 2,000 crates of fruit an nually. Artesian wells have added to the healthfulness of all this section of the state. The people of Morgan have good school and church privileges. 
Morgan County was laid out from Baldwin in 1807 and was named for Gen. Daniel Morgan, the hero of Cowpens. The county lies in the central part of the state, and is bounded by the follow ing counties: Oconee on the northeast, Greene on the east, Putnam on the south, Jasper on the southwest, and Newton and Walton on the northwest. The Apalachee river runs along the north eastern border and the Oconee is on the east. These rivers with their branches water the surface. The soil is fertile and though one of the oldest it is one of the most productive counties in the state. Most of the land is under cultivation and large crops of cotton, corn, sugar-cane, sorghum, potatoes, and the cereals are raised. Much of the land is planted to Bermuda grass and the annual production of hay is large. There are a number of dairy farms and the raising of cattle for the market is attracting more attention every year. Vegetables of all kinds are grown and find a ready market. The cotton trade of the county is considerable. A little of the original forest remains and the lumber output is therefore small. The Macon & Athens branch of the Central of Georgia and the main line of the Georgia railroad cross each other at Madison and provide excellent facilities for transportation. Madison, the county seat, and Rutledge are manufacturing towns. Other places of importance are Apalachee, Austin, Fair Play, Godfrey, Buckhead, and Bostwick. The population in 1900 was 15,813, a decrease of 228 since 1890, caused by the emigration of negroes to the Western States. 
Morgan, David B., junior member of the firm of Lindsay & Mor gan, dealers in furniture, Savannah, is one of the representative business men of the city and is also a veteran of the Civil war, in which he rendered loyal service in the Confederate cause. He was born at Cuthbert, Randolph county, Ga., Nov. 27, 1845, a son of David B. and Sarah Ann (Jackson) Morgan, both of whom were born in Georgia, where they passed their entire lives, the father 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
CS1 
 
having died a short time before the birth, of his son and namesake, the subject of this sketch, and the mother passed away on May 24:, 1888. David B. is the only surviving child. He left his native 
county with his mother, as an infant, the family locating first in Screven and later in Effingham county, where he was a student in the high school at Spring: field, the county seat, at the time of the .^outbreak of the war between the states. : :O:h Oct. 1, 1863, when nearly eighteen I3?ears of age, Mr. Morgan enlisted as a ^private in Company I, Fifth Georgia cav;;-!ry, with which he took part in the latter tpart of the engagement at Ocean Pond, ior Olustee, Fla., under General Colquitt. ! Later he served under Gen. Joseph Wheeler in Tennessee,. ^Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina and North Carolina, surrendering, with his command, at Hillsboro, N. C., in May, 1865, and there received his parole. After the war he devoted six months to agricultural pursuits and then became clerk in the office of a saw-mill at Guyton, Ga. In 1867 he removed to Savannah, where he secured a position as salesman in a furniture establishment. In 1872 he went to Atlanta, making the change for the purpose of recuperating his health, which had become much impaired. For about a year he occupied a clerical position in Atlanta, when he formed a copartnership with his em ployer, the late M. T. Castleberry, under the firm name of D. B. Morgan & Co. This arrangement continued about one year, when he became a member of the firm of Fain & Morgan, which con tinued in existence until the fall of 1875. He then returned to Savannah, where he was employed as salesman until 1885, when he entered into partnership with William J. Lindsay, and they have since continued to conduct a large and prosperous furniture and carpet business, under the firm name of Lindsay & Morgan. Mr. Morgan is a member of the Savannah chamber of commerce; is a Democrat in his political allegiance; is senior deacon in the First Baptist church, and in a fraternal way is identified with the United Confederate Veterans, the Masonic fraternity, the Inde pendent Order of Odd Fellows, the Royal Arcanum and the Wood men of the World. On Oct. 10, 1870, he was united in marriage to Miss Ellen M. Haltiwanger, who died on March 1, 1880, leaving two daughters, Leila E., wife of Robert W. Peatross, of Hanover, 
 
 622 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Va., but now residing in Atlanta, Ga.; and Ellen M., who remains at the paternal home. On April 6, 1889, Mr. Morgan married Miss Susan E. George, of Savannah, and they have two children, Miriam and David B., Jr. 
Morgan, Samuel H., mayor of the thriving little city of Guyton, Effingham county, and president of the Georgia Manufacturing and Trading Company, was born in Miller, Burke county, Ga., April 1, 1863. He is a son of Samuel H. and Abigail (Smith) Morgan, both of whom were born in Effingham county. The father died in 1863 and the mother in 1876. The subject of this sketch is the youngest of the six children who survive the honored parents, the others being: Wilbur, cashier of the National Packing Company, of Savannah; Narcissus, wife of Frederick Rohr, of Savannah; Jeanette, wife of Benjamin Davis, of Guyton; Estella, wife of S. M. Jackson, of Savannah; and Eulalia, the wife of A. H. Rahn, of Guyton. Samuel H. Morgan was reared to maturity in the city of Savannah, in whose excellent public schools he secured his edu cational training. In his business career he has been consecutively identified with mercantile and manufacturing enterprises and has attained marked success and prestige as a business man. He is president of the Georgia Manufacturing and Trading Company, which conducts a large general merchandise business in Guyton, operates a saw mill and conducts an extensive lumbering business in Bryan county, while a large cotton warehouse is also owned by the company, which was incorporated in 1900. Mr. Morgan is also general manager of the Savannah Buggy Company, which was organized and incorporated in the summer of 1905. In politics he is a stanch advocate of the cause for which the Democratic party stands sponsor, and is giving a most able administration in the office of mayor of Guyton. He is a member of the board of dea cons of the Christian church of Guyton, is identified with the In dependent Order of Odd Fellows and the. Knights of Pythias, and for two years held membership in the Savannah Volunteer Guards. On May 12, 1886, Mr. Morgan was united in marriage to Miss Wilhelmina Myers, of Savannah. She was born in Hanover, Ger many, June 20, 1869, and was six years of age at the time of her parents' removal to America. Mr. and Mrs. Morgan have four children: Louis William, Philip, Augusta and Jason. 
Morgan, Thomas H., of Atlanta, is known as one of the leading architects of Georgia, having maintained his home in Atlanta since 1879. His paternal grandparents came from Herefordshire, Eng land, in the year 1834, locating in Manlius, N. Y., where both died 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
623- 
 
in the year 1842. John H. Morgan, M. D., father of the subject of this review, was born in Manlius in 1836, and died in Knoxville, Tenn., in 1887. He was one of the first homoeopathic physicians 
in Tennessee; was prominent in his pro fession, and was a member of several 
fraternal and social orders. On July 4, 1876, the centennial of the signing of the 
declaration of Independence, he founded the Order of the Golden Cross, a benev 
olent and insurance fraternity which 
iio:w has many thousand members. In 
:|yracase,i N. Y., he was united in mar- 
.:Sage to Miss Elizabeth McDonald, and 
: she died ra that city in 1865. Thomas H. 
Morgan was born near Syracuse, Dec. 
11, 1857, and at the close of the Civil war, in the winter of 1865-6, he joined his father in Knoxville, where he attended private and public schools, and afterward entered the East Tennessee University, now the University of Tennessee. During the summer vacation of 1876, when eighteen years of age, he took up the study of architecture as a pastime and became so attracted to the art and its practical ap plication that he decided to leave the university and devote him self to the thorough and scientific study of architecture, with a view to making the. profession his permanent vocation. After three years of technical study in Knoxville, St. Louis, Mo., and New York city, Mr. Morgan took up his residence in Atlanta, ar riving in that city on March 7, 1879. Here he entered the office of Parkins & Bruce, as an assistant. On Jan. 1, 1883, Mr. Parkins retired from the firm and Mr. Morgan entered into partnership with A. C. Bruce, under the firm name of Bruce & Morgan. This association continued for twenty-two years, Mr. Bruce retiring from the firm on Jan. 1, 1904. Since that time Mr. Morgan has been associated with John R. Dillon, under the title of Morgan & Dillon. Mr. Morgan has been actively engaged in the work of his profession in Atlanta for nearly twenty-seven years, and within that time he has planned and supervised the erection of many of the most important buildings in the south. His more important work within the past few years has been the planning of steel and fire-proof office buildings in Atlanta, notably the Prudential, the Austell, the Empire, the Century, the Fourth National bank build ing and the Germania bank building, the last mentioned being in 
 
 ,6M 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the city of Savannah. In politics Mr. Morgan is a stanch Demo crat and while he has never held political office he is never neg lectful of the duties of citizenship, making it a rule to cast his vote in every election. He and his wife are communicants of the Protestant Episcopal church. He is a fellow of the American in stitute of architects and the Atlanta chamber of commerce, the Capital City club and the Piedmont Driving club. In the Masonic fraternity he is identified with the lodge, chapter and comm'andery, and also with the adjunct organization, the Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. On Sept. 5, 1889, Mr. Morgan was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Elizabeth Hyde, daughter of Arunah W. and Elizabeth (Russell) Hyde, of Hydeville, Vt. The marriage was solemnized in Springfield, Mass,, where Mrs. Morgan was residing at the time. Mr. and Mrs. Mor gan have one daughter, Elizabeth Hyde Morgan, who was born in Atlanta, Feb. 1, 1891. 
Morgan's Fort.--But little can be learned of this fort further than that it was located somewhere near the Ogeechee river McCall mentions that on the night of July 31, 1777, a party of Indians crossed that river, not far from Morgan's fort, killed the wife and three children of a man named Samuel Delk and carried the eld est daughter, aged fourteen years, into captivity. 
Morgantown, a town in the central part of Fannin county, was incorporated by act of the legislature, its present charter being granted on Dec. 17, 1908. It was formerly the county seat. The population in 1900 was 115. It has a money order postoffice and is a trading center for the neighborhood in which it is located. Blueridge is the most convenient railroad station. 
Morganville, a post-village of Dade county, with a population of 53, is on the Alabama Great Southern railroad, six miles north west of Trenton. 
Morris, Pickens W., owns and conducts a retail grocery business at 945 Woodlawn avenue, Augusta, and has won definite success through his personal efforts. He was born in Washington, Wilkes county, Ga., Feb. 8, 1855, and is a son of Alien and Catherine (Hitt) Morris, both native of South Carolina. Alien Morris, who was a real-estate collector by vocation, removed with his family from West Point, Ga., to the city of Augusta in 1861, and during the progress of the war between the states he held a civil position in the service of the Confederate government. He died in 1903, at the age of eighty-one years, his wife having passed away in the pre ceding year, at the age of sixty-one years. Pickens W. Morris 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
625 
 
received very limited educational advantages in his youth, owing 
 
to the Civil war having brought his parents to such a condition 
 
of poverty that he was constrained to find work which would enable 
 
him to assist in the support of the family 
 
at the time when he should have been at 
 
tending school. In 1871 the family re 
 
moved to Lincoln county, and about two 
 
years later the parents returned to 
 
Augusta. Pickens W., however, had se 
 
rf cured a. good position in Lincoln county, 
 
i and he there continued to make his home 
 
ltintil:189i. For about three years he op- 
 
I crated a public ferry over the Little river, 
 
I which: Separates Lincoln and Columbia 
 
i counties, after which he was employed in 
 
:! a grist mill until April, 1891, when he 
 
returned to Augusta and; engaged in the retail grocery business on 
 
Woodlawn avenue. He: now has a first-class grocery, and owns 
 
the building in which the same is located. This building, which 
 
comprises both residence and store, was erected by him with this 
 
double purpose in view and he thus has a valuable property, spe 
 
cially convenient in the matter of business. Mr. Morris is a Demo 
 
crat in politics and takes, a loyal interest in public affairs of a local 
 
nature. On Dec. 20, 1880, he was united in marriage to Miss Eliza 
 
beth Waldron, daughter of the late Speth Waldron, of Augusta. 
 
They have no children. 
 
Morris, William S., treasurer of the 
 
^lllilllllll&. 
 
Georgia Railroad Company's office in 
 
the city of Augusta, was born in that 
 
city, Aug. 26, 1869, and is a son of Rich 
 
ard B. and Mary H. (Rich) Morris, who 
 
are still residents of Augusta, where the 
 
father is a prominent manufacturer of 
 
brick. William S. was educated in the 
 
Academy of Richmond county, in his na 
 
tive city, and he initiated his career in 
 
connection with railroading business as 
 
bill clerk in the office of the local freight 
 
agent of the Georgia railroad, being 
 
eighteen years of age at the time of thus entering the employ of 
 
this company in July, 1887. Within two years he was promoted 
 
to the office of assistant treasurer of the same road and in 1903 he 
 
40-11 
 
 626 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
was appointed to his present responsible position, gaining ad vancement through able and faithful service. Mr. Morris is a stanch adherent of the Democratic party, and for three years and eight months he represented the first ward in the city council. He and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South, and he is identified with the Masonic fraternity, the Benev olent and Protective Order of Elks, the Commercial club and the Carmichael club. Nov. 10, 1891, recorded the marriage of Mr. Morris to Miss Matilda Reaney, daughter of Francis W. Reaney, of Augusta, and they have four children--Marguerite, Elizabeth, Celeste and William S., Jr. 
Morris Brown College.--Jones, in his work on "Education in Georgia," prepared in 1889 .for the national Bureau of Education, says: "In 1880 the ministers of the African Methodist Episcopal Church of the State of Georgia, realizing the necessity for an in stitution which would not only educate and prepare their young men for the ministry and their young women for Christian work, but which would also prove an industrial training school for both sexes, determined upon the lerection of Morris Brown College. In February of the following year the present site, overlooking the city of Atlanta, was purchased; and in 1884 the foundation of the east wing of the college was laid. It was completed in November, 1885, at a cost of nine thousand dollars. Thirty-five hundred dol lars were expended in the purchase of the grounds; and it is said that about eighteen thousand dollars in addition will be needed to finish and thoroughly equip the building." Since this was writ ten the institution has been materially enlarged, both in the capac ity of the buildings and the sphere of its operations. The school was opened on Oct. 15, 1885. It soon found favor with the col ored people and is still one of the leading race schools of the country. 
Morrison, a village in the northwestern part of Bryan county, is on the Seaboard Air Line railway, and in 1900 had a population of 77. It has a money order postoffice, some mercantile concerns, and is a shipping point of some importance. 
Morris Station, a little village in the southeast corner of Quitman county, is on the line of the Central of Georgia railway that runs from Smithville to Eufaula, Ala. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, and is the principal trading and shipping point for the neighborhood in which it is situated. 
Morrow, a town in the northern part of Clayton county, is on the main line of the Central of Georgia railway, and in 1900 re- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
627 
 
ported a population of 175. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, express and telegraph offices, some manufac turing and mercantile interests, schools and churches, and does considerable shipping. 
Morse,: Frank P., one of the representative citizens and business mgnHof; :L:umber City, Telfair county, where he is a member of the frfigljjof Morse & Hinson,. owners and operators of the local tele|i|3:ae:::; system, was born Oct. 3, 1875. His father was born in :;B<|||!i|e;i-:i:;,;;N. C;.;;in^ 1853, and was drowned in November, 1887. 
;: Sillier,.;: whose tnaiden name was Frances Steel, was born in ity;;: <a;;:ia;;;18;59L The paternal grandfather of the sub- 
gfcSif ::f|:!is:sk:etci:!::fe:Bd<?i-etl effective service to the Confederacy in *:; fefedsaeie rasiicr and continued to serve in this ]j<;::elose:;c>i: the: war; : H:e was at Fort Caswell and 
Foil: Fisher, N. ;', at the time both were blown up, the former having been located at the mouth of the Cape Fear river, thirtytwo miles from Wilmington, and the latter twenty-five miles dis tant from the same city and on the same river. He was com mander of the blockading affairs of the Confederate government in his division. Frank P. Morse secured his early educational dis cipline in the common schools of Southport, N. C., and Cuthbert, Randolph county, Ga. In 1889 he engaged in the general-mer chandise business in Lumber City, where he has since continued to reside. He followed the line of enterprise noted until 1893, when he closed out his interests and engaged in the telephone business, under the firm name of Morse & Hinson. The firm has installed a fine modern plant and its service is excellent in every particular, the list of subscribers representing all leading business and indus trial concerns and a large percentage of the private residences in the town and vicinity. Mr. Morse is an active and aggressive worker in the cause of the Democratic party and for the past twelve years has been a member of the party's executive committee in this district. He has also been chairman of the registration com mittee for the same length of time. For the past four years he has been marshal of the town, and has proven a most capable of ficial. He is affiliated with Lumber City Lodge, No. 199, Free and Accepted Masons; Telfair Chapter, No. 116, Royal Arch Ma sons, both of Lumber City; also with Pocahontas Lodge, No. 108, Knights of Pythias, at : Hazelhurst, and Brunswick Lodge, No. 691, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, at Brunswick, Glynn county. He is held in uniform esteem in both business and social circles, and is one of the progressive and loyal citizens of Lumber 
 
 628 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
City. On Feb. 1, 1895, Mr. Morse was united in marriage to Miss Lyda Mitchell Reid, of Eatonton, Putnam county, Ga., and they have one child, Margaret Frances. 
Mortgages.--Under the laws of Georgia mortgages may be given on either real or personal property in the possession of the mortgager, or to which he has the right of possession. They con stitute merely a security for debt and pass no title to property, except by foreclosure. Mortgages must be executed, acknowl edged and recorded the same as deeds, except that in chattel mort gages only the attestation of the official witness is necessary. Mortgages on real estate are foreclosed in the superior court, in the county where the land is located, upon a rule directing the principal, interest and costs to be paid into the court on or before the first day of the next term, and this rule must be published once a month for four months, or served on the mortgager, his attor ney or agent three months before the first day of the next term, when, if no valid defense is set up the rule is made absolute and judgment rendered. Unless homestead and exemption rights are waived in the mortgage a homestead may be taken out of the pro ceeds of the sale. The property must be advertised once a week for four weeks, at the end of which time it is sold by the sheriff at public sale. 
Chattel mortgages may be given to cover stocks of goods, in cluding purchases made by the mortgager after the instrument is executed. They are foreclosed by affidavit, and where the amount involved does not exceed $100 this affidavit may be made before and execution issued by a justice of the peace. In cases where the amount exceeds $100 the affidavit must be made before the clerk of the superior court, who will issue the execution. In cases where personal property is sold and the title retained in the seller until the purchase price is paid, the contract, to be valid, must be executed and recorded in the same manner as a chattel mortgage. 
Morton, J. Raymond, is one of the representative educators of the State of Georgia, standing at the head of Morton's School for Boys, in the city of Savannah. He was born near Farmville, Cumberland county, Va., Sept. 1, 1859, and is a son of James W. and Louisa A. (Minor) Morton, the former of whom was born in Prince Edward county, Va., in 1821, and the latter in Fluvanna county, that state, May 11, 1835. The Morton family was prominent in the early set tlement of the Old Dominion, the original American progenitors having come from Scotland with Capt. John Smith, to whom the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
639 
 
family was related. J. Raymond Morton is four generations re 
moved, in direct descent, from John Morton, who served as captain 
of. a company during the Revolutionary war. As a young man he married Miss Mary Anderson, and they 
became the parents of seventeen children. 
One of these, James Morton, was a major 
in the Continental forces during the war 
of the Revolution and also held a similar 
office in the war of 1812. During the cam 
paign in New Jersey, in the war of the 
^Revolution, he received the sobriquet of 
:"Solid Column," probably because of his 
undaunted courage, his unblenching integ 
rity of character, and his faithful perform 
ance of duty, and this name stuck to him 
through life. Dr. Moses D. Hoge, in a sermon at Old Market,;said of him: "He was so upright, so down right, so outright, so all right, that they called him 'Solid Column.' He was an old time Virginia farmer, one of the best magistrates that ever sat on a bench, brave as Julius Caesar, gentle as a woman. He kept open house for forty years with generous hospitality, but never was known to ask a mean man to his house, no matter how rich or distinguished he might be. He feared God, kept the Sab bath, paid his debts and hated the devil." Dr. Drury Lacy relates that when Marquis de La Fayette visited this country in 1833-4 the surviving officers of the Virginia line went to Richmond to meet him. La Fayette rarely failed to recognize any officer who came up to shake hands with him, and when Major Morton was some little distance away the Marquis cried out "There comes Old Solid Column, as brave a man as ever lived!" advanced to meet him and kissed him on both cheeks. Only one of his sons lived to attain manhood, William S., who became a prominent physician, his practice extending over three or four adjoining counties in Vir ginia. Each of these ancestors was a deacon in the Presbyterian church, to whose faith the majority of the family have clung in later generations. Dr. William S. Morton's sister married Dr. John Holt Rice, who was the founder of Union Theological Semi nary, now located in the city of Richmond, Virginia. James W. Morton was true to the cause of the southern states when the Civil war was inaugurated and he sacrificed his life for the Confederacy. He enlisted, March 27, 1862, as a private in the historic company known as the Black Eagles, in the Eighteenth Virginia Volunteer 
 
 630 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Infantry, taking part in the battles of Seven Pines, Gaines's Mill, Williamsburg and Gettysburg, in which last he was killed, in the charge made by General Pickett on the heights. He had also served in the Mexican war, having been a member of a company commanded by Captain Hawk, First Regiment, United States In fantry. Louisa A. (Minor) Morton, is of the fourth generation in line of direct descent from John B. Minor, of Castle Garden, Louisa county, Virginia, from whom the line is traced through William, Gabriel and Raymond. The Minor family is of Ger man or Holland Dutch extraction, as is shown from the orig inal spelling of the name, "Meinherr." She now lives at Dub lin, Pulaski county, Va. J. Raymond Morton was afforded the best of educational advantages; received the degree of Master of Arts in Hampden-Sidney college, of Virginia, in 1880; grad uated in ancient and modern languages at the University  of Virginia in 1887; took post-graduate work in these subjects in 1887-88, with a view of taking the degree of Ph. D., but was compelled to leave the university on account of failing liealth. He then taught one term in the schools of Savannah, Ga., and was then elected to a position as instructor in a classical school near Nashville, Tenn. He retained this incumbency three years, at the end of which he accepted a call to the chair of ancient and modern languages in Arkansas college, Batesville, Ark. He resigned this position in 1894, in which year he established his pres ent high-grade school in Savannah. So thorough and systematic has been the work of Morton's school for boys that it stands on the accredited lists of the University of Georgia, University of Vir ginia, Washington & Lee university, Mercer university, Emory college, and others. In politics Mr. Morton is aligned as a stanch Democrat, and both he and his wife are members of the- Presby terian church. On Aug. 12, 1891, Mr. Morton was married to Miss Susie W. Watkins, daughter of Dr. Henry A. and Susan A. (Walker) Watkins, of Darlington Heights, Va., and they have three children--James Raymond, Jr., Louisa Minor, and William Dupuy. 
Morven, a town in the central part of Brooks county, was in corporated by act of the legislature on Nov. 28, 1900. The popula tion according to the census of that year was 214. It is on the South Georgia & West Coast railroad, has a money order postoffice, some mercantile concerns, and is one of the thriving towns of that section of the state. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
631 
 
Moses, Charles L., was born in Coweta county in 1856, attended the rural schools and later graduated at Mercer university. For several years he was principal of the Newnan male seminary but iii:1886 he retired to his farm and devoted his time to agricultural parsuits. In 1890 he was elected to represent his district in Con gress and was twice reflected. 
Mossy Greek, a post-hamlet of White county, is about seven miles southeast of Cleveland. Alto is the nearest railroad station. : Mbtan, a post-hamlet; in the southeastern part of Hall county, isssa tlie; line of the Gainesville, Jefferson & Southern railroad, a short distance north of Bellmont. : :;Mbtts,; : :a Iposfevillagei of Camden county, is a little north ofCrqsked river and eight;miles southeast of Colesburg, which is the most convenient railroad;-station. ;: The population in 1900 was 43. 
Moultrie, the county seat of Colquitt county, was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1859 .and is one of the growing towns of Southwest Georgia. It is well supplied with railroads, being on the Georgia Northern, which runs from Albany to Pidcock; that branch of the Atlantic & Birmingham which runs from Fitzgerald to Thomasville; and is the terminus of a -division of the Southern railway, running to Valdosta and Jacksonville, Fla. It has a court house valued at $30,000,: express and telegraph offices, three banks, several stores doing a fine business in good substantial brick build ings, and a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery system. About 4,000 bales of cotton, mostly of the sea-island variety, which brings the highest price in the market, are shipped annually from Moultrie. The city owns its own electric lights and water-works. Among the manufactories are lumber and cotton mills, iron works, variety works, a large cooperage company, etc. Large quantities of spirits of turpentine from the distilleries of the county, and thousands of barrels of rosin are shipped from Moultrie every year. In 1900 the entire district had 3,493 inhabitants, of whom 2,221 lived in the city proper. Moultrie is supplied with good schools of the public school system, and with churches of the leading Christian denominations. 
Mound Builders.--(See Antiquities). Mountain Scene, a post-town of Towns county, with a population of 150, is about seven, miles southeast of Hiawassee and is so named because of the delightful view to be obtained from the town. Clayton is the most convenient railroad station. Mountaintown, a post-village of Gilmer county, is about six miles 
 
 632 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
northwest of Ellijay, which is the nearest railroad station. The population in 1900 was 76. 
Mount Airy, an incorporated town in the southern part of Habersham county, reported a population of 310 in 1900. It is on the Southern railway, a few miles east of Cornelia, has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, mercantile and shipping interests, some manufacturing plants, good school and church priv ileges, etc. 
Mount Pleasant, a village in the eastern part of Wayne county, is on the Macon & Brunswick division of the Southern railroad, and not far from the Glynn county line. It has a money order postoffice, commercial and shipping interests, and in 1900 reported a population of 100. 
Mount Vernon, the county seat of Montgomery county, was in corporated by act of the legislature in 1891. It is located on the Seaboard Air Line railway and within a very short distance of the Oconee river, thus having both rail and water transportation, by the former to Savannah, and by the latter down the Oconee and Altamaha rivers to Darien. It has. express and telegraph offices, a court house, a money order postoffice with rural free delivery, a bank, and several successful stores. The Mount Vernon militia district in 1900 contained 2,205 inhabitants, of whom 573 lived in the town. 
Mountville, a town in Troup county, was incorporated by act of the legislature on Nov. 29, 1897. It is located on the Macon & Birmingham railroad, not far from the Meriwether county line, has a money order postoffice, from which several rural free delivery routes radiate to the surrounding country, express and telegraph offices, mercantile and manufacturing interests and is well supplied with schools and churches. The population of the town in 1900 was 224, and of the militia district in which it is situated 1,918. 
Mount Zion, a post-village of Carroll county, with a population of 85, is on the headwaters of Big Indian creek, about four miles west of Mandeville, which is the nearest railroad station. It is the principal trading point for the northwestern part of the county. 
Moxley, a post-village of Jefferson county, with a population of 54 in 1900, is on the Louisville & Wadley railroad, about half-way between those two towns, and is the principal trading and ship ping point for the surrounding agricultural districts. 
Moye, a post-hamlet of Calhoun county, is on the Georgia, Flor ida & Alabama railroad, almost on the Randolph county line. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
633 
 
Moye, Robert L., who is established in the practice of law in Cuthbert, Randolph county, was born in Stewart county, Ga., April 9, 18:64, and is a son of Andrew Jackson and Laura (West) Moye. He secured his earlier academic training in Branch college at Cuthbert, after which he was matriculated in the literary depart ment of the University of Georgia, where he was graduated as a member of the class of 1884, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts-. Two years later he was graduated in the law department of : the:r>ame institution with the degree of Bachelor of Laws and forthHsrjJiii;located in Cuthbert,:where he has since been engaged in generafisfasvfice. He controls a. representative clientage and has been 
ivocal -successful in his professional work. In politics Mr. ; is : a: stanch advocate of the: principles and policies of the Democratic;:party, and served as mayor of Cuthbert for fifteen con secutive terms. He is president of the county board of education, secretary of the Cuthbert board of trade, and captain of the Cuth bert Rifles. Both he and his wife are prominent members of the local Presbyterian church, in which he is a ruling elder. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Knights of Pythias. Mr. Moye married Miss Florence Powell, daughter of Dr. Thomas S. Powell, of Cuthbert. Mud Creek, is a small stream in Cobb county, that unites with Nose's creek to form the Sweetwater. On June 18, 1864, six com panies of the Sixty-third Georgia recaptured a line of rifle pits on this creek and held them all day in the face of a heavy fire. Mulberry, a post-village in the western part of Jackson county, is a station on the Gainesville, Jefferson & Southern railroad, and in 1900 reported a population of 46. 
Mulberry Creek was the scene of a slight skirmish on August 
3, 1864, as one of the incidents of Stoneman's raid to Macon. Mulberry Grove.--Prior to the Revolution John Graham, lieu 
tenant-governor of Georgia, owned a plantation by this name, lo cated on the Savannah river, fourteen miles above the city of Sa vannah. By the fortunes of war the estate, valued at 50,000, was confiscated, and after the independence of the United States was established the plantation was presented by the state to Gen. Na thaniel Greene, in recognition of his services in the South during the contest. General Greene died there on June 19, 1786, and it was on this plantation that Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. At the present time there is a village called Mulberry Grove in the central part of Harris county, about seven miles southwest of Ham ilton. 
 
 634 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Mulherin, William Anthony, M. D., is established in the suc cessful practice of his profession in his native city of Augusta, where he was born July 3, 1873. He is a son of William Andrew Mulherin, who was born in county Mayo, Ireland, and his mother, whose maiden name was Mary A. Roche, was also born in the fair Emerald Isle, the marriage of his parents having been solemnized in the city of Augusta, where the father was for many years en gaged in the wholesale and retail shoe business. His death oc.curred in 1893 and his widow still maintains her home in Augusta. Of their ten children eight are living, namely: Elizabeth, wife of Joseph L. O'Dowd, of Augusta; John P.; Dr. William A., subject of this sketch; and Charles P., Joseph L., Wilhelmina, Frank X., and James L., all of whom remain residents of Augusta. The father rendered loyal service in the Confederate cause, having served as a member of a Georgia regiment during the entire period of the Civil war. Dr. William A. Mulherin was graduated in Spring Hill college, a Jesup institution, in the city of Mobile, Ala., being a member of the class of 1891 and receiving the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and in 1900 the same college conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. He then took a post-graduate course in Johns Hopkins university, Baltimore, Md., after which he com pleted a four years' course in the medical department of Harvard university, being graduated as a member of the class of 1901 and receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine from this celebrated institution. For the ensuing two years he was interne in St. Vin cent's hospital, in the city of Worcester, Mass., where he gained most valuable clinical experience. In 1903, he returned to Augusta, opened an office, and has already gained a most satisfactory prac tice in his native city, where he is held in high regard in both pro fessional and social circles. He is a member of the American medical asociation, the Medical Association of Georgia, the Rich mond county medical society, the Commercial club, the Country club, the Knights of Columbus and the Phi Kappa Psi college fra ternity. He is a communicant of the Catholic church, in whose faith he was reared. On Sept. 21, 1904, was solemnized the mar riage of Dr. Mulherin to Miss Hattie Fargo Butler, of Augusta, and they have a son, Philip Anthony, who was born July 27, 1905. 
Munnerlyn, a village of Burke county, is on the Central of Geor gia railroad, twelve miles south of Waynesboro. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, stores, schools, etc., and in 1900 had a population of 87. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
635 
 
Murphey, Eugene Edmund, M. D., professor of clinical medicine and therapeutics in the Medical College of Georgia at Augusta, in which city he is engaged in the successful practice of his profes sion,::^ one of the representative members of his profession in" the state: and one of the owners and managers of the Pine Heights sanatorium in North Augusta. He is a native of the city which is :!3W:'his home, having been born on Nov. 1, 1874, and is a son of Edward T, and Sarah (Dobey) Murphey, the former of whom was fer::p:^Rkhmond, Ga., Aug. 23, 1822, and the latter in Edgefield, :S-::te!::f -m&rM, 1835, : Their marriage was solemnized in 1873, and ; iiKinfect<:a^is:the: an:ly : ehild;:of the union. Edmund T. Murphey 
:::>g;e:Dl:tks::praiHH;fit::a:n;d influential business men of Augusta, e:::wa:>; :!OT: masiy^year engaged in the wholesale grocery 
trade, having'been; the founder :of; the present firm of Murphey & Co., the enterprise-being ^jofe ecsacfected by his nephews. He took up his residence in. Augusts::in IS4S::and here passed the remainder of his long:and signallY^jionorabie and useful life, his death oc curring on Sept. 23,, 188>| Hi* widow still resides in the fine old homestead in Telfair street, which is also the home of the subject of this review. The paternal grandparents of Doctor Murphey were Nicholas and Nancy ;;(Carswell) Murphey, both of whom were born in Richmond county. His "maternal grandparents, John Elbert and Martha (Addison) Dobey, were both native of Edgefield, S. C. The original American ancestor in the agnatic line was Nicholas Murphey, who came from Ireland and located in Augusta when it was a mere trading post. His son Edmund, great-grand father of the subject of this review, was a soldier of the Continental line during the war of the Revolution, and tradition records that he was the first male white child born in what is now the fair city of Augusta. The original progenitor of the Dobey family located in Virginia, whence removal was later made to South Carolina, in the colonial era. The father of Doctor Murphey was in the Confed erate service for a short time as a private in a Georgia regiment of volunteers, and therafter he served in the quartermaster's depart ment, making many sacrifices for the cause, which he supported both financially and through personal effort. In 1891 Dr. Murphey was graduated in that excellent preparatory school, Richmond Academy, in his home city, after which he was matriculated in the University of Georgia, which he attended from 1891 to 1894, but was not an applicant for a degree. In 1898 he was graduated in the medical department of the University, the Medical College of Geor gia, at Augusta, receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine. He 
 
 636 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
thereafter spent one year in effective post-graduate work in the med ical department of the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., and since that time he has been established in a successful and rep resentative practice in Augusta. He is an appreciative member of the American medical association, the Medical Asociation of Georgia and the Richmond county medical society, while he has been a member of the faculty of his alma mater, the Medical Col lege of Georgia, since 1901. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks; is a member of the Commercial and Country club, of Augusta, and he and his wife hold membership in the Baptist church. On Nov. 14, 1900, he was united in marriage to Miss Will Roney, daughter of Judge Henry C. Roney, of Augusta, of whom individual mention is made in this work. 
Murphey, Moses C., head of the well known wholesale grocery firm of Mur 
phey & Co., of Augusta, was born on the old homestead plantation of the family, in Richmond county, Ga., July 38, 1838. He is a son of Milledge and Emaline (Miles) Murphey, both of whom were likewise native of Richmond county, where the former was born, Nov. 6, 1808, and the latter, June 4, 1809. The father was a prosperous planter in the ante bellum days, and died in January, 1878, his devoted wife following him into eternal rest in the following June, each having been in the seven tieth year of age at the time of death. Milledge Murphey was a son of Nicholas Murphey, whose father, Edmund Murphey, was a soldier in the Continental line during the war of the Revolution. The last named was born in Augusta, Ga., and it is a matter of fam ily and historic tradition that he was the first white child to be born in the town, which was originally a small trading post. His father, Nicholas Murphey, was a member of the Oglethorpe colony which came from England to Georgia in 1736, so that the family name has been identified with the history of this great common wealth from the earliest pioneer days. Moses C. Murphey was afforded the advantages of excellent private schools in Jefferson county, Ga., whither his parents removed when he was six years of age and where he was reared to maturity on the home plantation. At the age of nineteen years he located in Augusta, where he took 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
637 
 
a clerkship in the grocery store of his uncle, Edmund T. Murphey, and at the inception of the Civil war he had become a partner in the business, which was being conducted under the firm name of E. T. Murphey & Co. In May, 1861, setting aside all personal con siderations, he enlisted as a private in Company D, First Georgia voitleteer infantry, with which he went to the front and did faith ful service in defense of the Confederate cause. He remained with this <:ommand one year and then became a member of Company F^Gobb's legion of cavalry, with which he served during the last th:ree:;years:of the war. He was wounded in the battle at Spottsylvartia Court "House, and was with Johnston's army at the time of the surrender at Greensboro, N. C, April 26, 1865. He took part in many important battles: and skirmishes and made a record for faithful and gallant service. After the close of the war Mr. Mur phey located in the city:of Savannah, where he was employed as a grocery salesman until 1868, when he returned to Augusta and resumed the partnership with his uncle, having ever since been continuously engaged in the wholesale and retail grocery trade in that city. Since 1885 the enterprise has been principally of the wholesale order, and the present firm title of Murphey & Co. was adopted in 1887, the entire business being now owned by Mr. Mur phey and his two elder sons, John E. and Milledge, who are num bered among the progressive and representative young business men of Augusta. The present fine quarters of the concern, at 638 Broad street, have been occupied by the firm since 1892. Mr. Mur phey is a stanch supporter of the cause of the Democratic party, is a comrade of Camp No. 435, United Confederate Veterans, and is a prominent member of St. James church, Methodist Episcopal South, in which he is a trustee and steward. On June 19, 1878, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Murphey to Miss Martha A. Miller, daughter of the late John P. R. and Martha Ann (Joiner) Miller, of Augusta, and they have six children, namely: John E., Milledge, Martha E., Moses C., Jr., William A. and Cassie. 
Murphy, a post-hamlet of Colquitt county, is on the Fitzgerald & Thomasville division of the Atlantic & Birmingham railroad, about eight miles southwest of Moultrie. It has an express office and some mercantile concerns. 
Murphy, Charles, was born in South Carolina, but in early life re moved to Dekalb county, Ga., where he studied law and practiced his profession for the remainder of his life. He was prominent in state and county affairs, and in 1850 was elected to represent Geor gia in the United States Congress. He was elected a delegate to 
 
 638 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
the secession convention of 1860, as an opponent of immediate 
 
secession, but died before the convention assembled. 
 
,,,,,,, 
 
Murphy, John Ridgeway, vice-presi 
 
dent of the well known and prosperous 
 
general merchandise house of the Stone- 
 
Murphy Company, of Louisville, Jeffer 
 
son county, was born on a farm in this 
 
county, April 36, 1868. He is a son of 
 
Rev. Henry D. and Laura J. (Kelley) 
 
Murphy, the former of whom is now liv 
 
ing retired in Louisville, after long and 
 
faithful service as a clergyman of the 
 
Methodist Episcopal church South, and 
 
the latter died in 1880, when the subject 
 
of this review was a lad of twelve years. 
 
John R. Murphy was a student in Louisville academy until he had 
 
attained to the age of seventeen years, when he assumed a clerk 
 
ship in a store in Louisville. For several years thereafter he alter 
 
nated between clerking and farming, also serving for some time as 
 
bookkeeper. In 1896 he entered the employ of Abbot & Stone, 
 
merchants of Louisville, serving as bookkeeper of the concern until 
 
the dissolution of the partnership, the firm being succeeded by the 
 
present Stone-Murphy Company, in which he became an interested 
 
principal at the time of its organization and incorporation on Feb. 
 
28, 1902, being made vice-president of the company, which con 
 
trols a large and prosperous business, having a well equipped estab 
 
lishment in which are found varied lines of merchandise, each de 
 
partment being well stocked and appointed. Mr. Murphy is also 
 
serving as deputy clerk of the superior court of Jefferson county, 
 
being a stanch advocate and supporter of the principles and policies 
 
for which the Democratic party stands exponent and a citizen to 
 
whom is accorded the fullest measure of popular confidence and 
 
esteem. He has valuable plantation interests in his native county 
 
and is well known in business and social circles. He is a member 
 
of the Methodist Episcopal church South, and his wife belongs to 
 
the Baptist church. On Oct. 11, 1897, Mr. Murphy was united in 
 
marriage to Miss Daisy Julia Pughsley, daughter of Dr. William 
 
Pughsley, and a granddaughter of the late Judge A. E. Tarver, 
 
of Bartow, Jefferson county. Mr. and Mrs. Murphy have three 
 
children--Vienna May, Myrtle Pughsley, and John Ridgeway, Jr. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
639 
 
Murphy, Waller Simeon, clerk of the superior court of Jefferson county and treasurer of the Stone-Murphy Company, one of the leading retail mercantile con cerns of Louisville, has passed his entire life in Jefferson county, having been born on the home plantation of his father, July 22, 1866. He is a son of Rev. Henry Davis Murphy, who was born in the state of New Jersey, and Laura Julia (Kelley) Murphy, who was born and reared in Jefferson county, where she died in 1880. The father, who is a cler gyman of the Methodist Episcopal church South, has attained the age of three score and ten years and is now living practically re tired, in Louisville, save as he assists in the work of the office of the clerk of the superior court, under the supervision of his son, subject *of this review. Waller S. Murphy attended Louisville academy until he was fifteen years of age, when he gave inception to his active business career, by becoming a clerk in a Louisville general store. He continued to be engaged as salesman and book keeper in local mercantile houses for a period of twelve years,--first with the firm of Farmer Bros. & Co., next with A. N. Beach, and finally with Abbot & Stone. Upon the incorporation of the StoneMurphy Company, Feb. 28, 1902, he became one of the stockholders of the concern, as did also his brother John R., and he has been treasurer of the company from its organization. In 1895 he was elected to the exacting office of clerk of the superior court of Jef ferson county. By successive reflections he has sinse continued the incumbent of this position, having given a most capable and satisfactory administration and gained the commendation of the court, the bar and the general public. He is well known in the county, is a straightforward and reliable business man and sterling citizen, his course in all the relations of life having been such as to commend him to the good will of his fellow men. He is a stal wart in the camp of the Democratic party; is a member and trus tee of the Methodist Episcopal church South, of Louisville, a past chancellor of the local lodge of the Knights of Pythias; and a member of the board of trustees of Louisville academy. In July, 1885, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Murphy to Miss Mary Louisa Diehl, who died July 12, 1902, survived by eight children, namely: Waller D., Willie S., Frederick H., Leslie W., Allie P., 
 
 640 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Laura May, John R., and Henry D. On Feb. 2, 1905, Mr. Murphy contracted a second marriage, being then united to Miss Claudia B. Lee, of Covington, Ga. She was educated at Cox college, College Park, Ga. 
Murray, a post-hamlet of Schley county, is about eight miles north of Ellaville, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Murray County was created from Cherokee in 1832 and named for Hon. Thomas W. Murray. A part of the county was set off to Walker in 1833, and a part to Cass (now Bartow) in 1834. It lies in the extreme northern part of the state and is bounded on the north by the state of Tennessee, on the east by Fannin and Gilmer counties, on the south by Gordon, and on the west by Whitfield. The Coosawattee and Connesauga rivers, with their numerous trib utaries, water the county. The Coosawattee is navigable nearly all the year and gives water transportation to Rome. There are no railroads in the county, but the Southern runs close to the western boundary and the productions of the county are marketed chiefly at Dalton on this line. The face of the country is hilly, and the eastern part is crossed by the Cohutta Mountains. There are many minerals in the county. The Cohutta mountains contain gold, which has been mined very profitably, and marble, talc and limestone are found in other sections. The land is fertile and af fords excellent pasturage for cattle and sheep. The agricultural productions are corn, wheat, potatoes, cotton and the various grasses. The mountains are clothed with orchards and some of the finest fruits are grown here. Spring Place, the county seat, is beautifully situated, in full view of the Cohutta mountains. It was at one time a missionary station to the Cherokee Indians. Co hutta Springs on Sumac Creek are well known for medicinal value of their waters. Near these springs are the remains of an old fort, whose story none can tell. The population of the county in 1900 was 8,623. 
Murrayville, a post-village of Hall county, with a population of 56, is ten miles northwest of Gainesville, which is the most con venient railroad station. 
Muscogee County was laid out in 1826 and was named for a tribe of Indians that once inhabited that part of the state. In 1827 parts were set off to Harris, Talbot, and Marion counties and in 1829 it was increased by parts of Marion and Harris. It is situated in the western part of the state and is bounded on the north by Harris and Talbot counties, on the east by Talbot and Marion, on the south by Chattahoochee, and on the west by the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
641 
 
State of Alabama, from which it is separated by the Chattahoochee river. Many smaller streams, tributaries of the Chattahoochee, cross the surface of the county. The soil varies greatly in different parts. In the northern portion are rolling, red clay lands, in the southern is a sandy loam, along the Chattahoochee are hummock lands, unsurpassed in fertility, and in the center, is a strip of mu latto soil. Part of the Chattahoochee bottoms are subject to overflow yet: so great is the productiveness of this section that if the owners gafljeF but one crop out of three the land is still profitable. Of ' thei-:p>3,200 acres of land in the county, about 75,000 are under cultivation; divided into farms of about 600 acres each, every one of which is abundantly supplied with water flowing from bold springs and irrigation is practiced to some extent. Corn, wheat, oats, sugar-cane and cotton are the principal productions. Vege tables, fruits, melons, etc., are shipped to Columbus in considerable quantities. A number of : dairy farms do a profitable business and the raising of beef cattle is becoming an important occupation. But little timber remains. In the northern part of the county some oak, hickory, poplar, chestnut and dogwood still stands, but shing les and staves are the only forest products of any consequence. Columbus, the county seat, is one of the largest cities of the state and ranks next to Augusta in the production of cotton goods. The transportation facilities of the county are good. Seven rail roads center at Columbus and several lines of steamboats run upon the Chattahoochee, giving competition in freight by water. A few miles from Columbus on the Chattahoochee river, is the high and rugged cliff known as "Lover's Leap." (q. v.) The population of Muscogee county in 1900 was 29,836, a gain of 2,075 since 1890. 
Musella, a village of Crawford county, is a station on the Atlanta & Fort Valley division of the Southern railway, five miles north west of Knoxville. It has a money order postoffice, express office, mercantile and shipping interests, and in 1900 had a population of 76. 
Musgrove, a post-village of Laurens county, is known to railroad men as Alcorn's Station. It is on the Wrightsville & Tennille rail road, not far from the Dodge county line, and in 1900 had a popu lation of 100. It is the principal trading and shipping point for that part of the county. 
Musgrove, Mary.--One of General Oglethorpe's first objects was to treat with the Indians for a portion of their lands. Among the Yamacraws, the tribe that inhabited the bluff where Savannah now stands, he found a half-breed woman named Mary Musgrove, who 
41--II 
 
 642 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
understood both the English and Creek languages. She was a native of the Indian town of Coweta, was educated and baptised into the church in South Carolina, and married the son of Col. John Musgrove, who was sent in 1716 to form a treaty of alliance with the Creeks. Oglethorpe gained this woman's good will by the presentation of some showy trinkets and then employed her as an interpreter at a salary of 100 a year. By her assistance the lead ing chiefs of the Upper and Lower Creeks were summoned to at tend a council at Savannah in May, 1733. Fifty chiefs answered the summons and a treaty was concluded to the satisfaction of both parties. By this treaty the Indians reserved a tract above Pipemaker's creek the islands of Ossabaw, Sapelo and St. Catherine's, while the whites were given permission to settle any place else in the Indian domain. About three years after this Musgrove died and Mary, at the suggestion of Oglethorpe, established a trading house on the south side of the Altamaha river, where she married a Captain Matthews. He died in 1742 and subsequently she mar ried Rev. Thomas Bosomworth, a minister of the Church of Eng land, then in the employ of the Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge. Although this man wore the divine livery he was of a very mercenary turn of mind. Shortly after his mar riage he went to England, where he remained for about two years, and upon his return to Georgia set on foot a scheme to get posses sion of the islands reserved by the treaty of 1733. In December, 1747, seventeen Indians, calling themselves the kings and chiefs of the different towns, visited Frederica. While they were there Bosomworth selected one of them as being suited to his purpose-- an egotistic, vacillating fellow named Malatche--and suggested to him the idea of having himself crowned king of the entire Creek nation. A paper, declaring Malatche to be the rightful king of the Creeks and vesting him with power to make treaties, etc., was drawn up by the wily Bosomworth and signed by the other sixteen pretended chiefs. As soon as Malatche was acknowledged king Bosomworth purchased from him, for a few pieces of cloth, some guns and ammunition and a hundred pounds of vermilion, the coveted islands. To stock these islands he bought on credit from Carolina planters a large number of cattle, but the venture not coming up to his expectations, he found himself hopelessly in debt. In this emergency Bosomworth induced his wife to declare herself the elder sister of Malatche and therefore the queen of the Creek nation. A council of the Indians was called, Mary made a long speech, in which she posed as a martyr and urged the warriors to 
 
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expel the whites from the lands south of the Savannah river. The Indians, fired by her adroit statement of her imaginary wrongs, pledged themselves to stand by her to the last drop of their blood in defence of her royal person and in the attempt to recover the lands of which she had been defrauded. At the head of a large body Mary set out for Savannah, to demand of the authorities there a recognition of her claims. A messenger was sent in advance to notify the president of her coming and that unless her rights were acknowledged she had determined to extirpate the whole settle ment. Upon the arrival of the Indians they were ordered to leave their arms outside the town. After some show of reluctance, but being overawed by the imposing appearance of Noble Jones at the head of a troop of mounted men, they submitted and Bosomworth, dressed in his clerical robes, accompanied by his wife and followed by the Creeks, entered the town. Bosomworth was not permitted to occupy a seat in the council, and it was finally found! advisable to privately, lay hold of Mary and confine her until the Indians could" be pacified. Having the "royal family" out of the way a banquet was given to the chiefs and head men, at which they were informed that the whole scheme was one of Bosomworth's jx> secure the lands for himself and that they were being duped by this designing man. The banquet was followed by a council and President Stephens addressed the Indians boldly regarding the claim of Mrs. Bosomworth. He reminded them that when Gen eral Oglethorpe first became acquainted with her she was living in a hut, surrounded by the most squalid poverty, entirely unlike the queen of a great nation like the Creeks; that she was. not the sister of Malatche, but the daughter of a white man, and that Bosomworth only wanted her sustained in order that he might grow rich at the expense of the Indians. After much debate and several stormy scenes the Indians withdrew and returned to their homes, leaving their queen to take care of herself. Through the influence of Adam Bosomworth, a brother of Thomas, the latter was made to apologize to the president and council and soon after he and his wife left the colony. 
After Georgia became a royal province the claim of Mrs. Bosomworth was again brought to public notice. The Indian lands near Pipemaker's creek, consisting of about 4,000 acres, had been allot ted to several white persons, who had settled theron, and after the trustees surrendered the charter these settlers applied for a royal grant to their holdings. In this they were thwarted by the Bosomworths, who entered caveats against the proceedings. During the 
 
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administration of Governor Ellis her claims were finally settled. Her title to St. Catherine's island was confirmed, she was allowed .450 for goods expended in his Majesty's service, and a salary of 100 a year, dating back for sixteen and a half years, the payments to be made out of the proceeds of the sale of Ossabaw and Sapelo islands, the excess, if any, to go to the government. 
Myers, a post-village of Bulloch county, with a population of 94, is on Big Lett's creek, about four miles north of Pulaski, which is the nearest railroad station. 
Myers, Herman, mayor of Savannah and one of the city's most progressive business men and honored citizens, was born in Bavaria, Germany, Jan. 18, 1847, a son of Sigmund and Fanny Myers, who immigrated from the fatherland to Amer ica when he was a small child and located in Bath county, Va. He was educated in the public schools of the Old Domin ion state and then learned the tanner's trade, under the direction of his father. On the death of the latter, in 1861, the family removed to Lynchburg, Va., and in 1867 the future mayor of Savannah removed from Lynchburg to the "Forest City" of Georgia, where he has ever since maintained his home. Here he engaged in the cigar and tobacco business, sub sequently becoming a large handler of wool, under the title of H. Myers & Bro. He also became an_extensive manufacturer of cigars, facing heavily interested in the El Modelo Cigar Manufacturing Company, of Tampa, Fla., of which he was president, and later of the Cuban-American Cigar Manufacturing Company, of Tampa and Havana, into which the El Modelo Company was merged. A few years ago he disposed of his interest in this industry. He was one of the organizers and for some years president of the Savannah Grocery Company, a wholesale concern. In 1885 he was one of the organizers of the National bank of Savannah, of which he has been president from the time of its incorporation. In 1886, at the time of the organization of the Oglethorpe Savings and Trust Company, he was elected vice-president, and in 1904, upon the death of President Joseph J. Dale, he was elected to the presidency of the institution. Mr. Myers was one of the promoters and organizers of the South Bound Railroad Company, of which he was vice-president until the sale of the property to the Seaboard 
 
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Air Line Railroad Company. He was also largely interested in the old Savannah & Tybee railroad and the Tybee Hotel Company, having been an officer in each. In addition to his Savannah inter ests he was a member of the syndicate that purchased the Macon railway and lighting systems, and is now president of the re organized corporation. Mr. Myers entered polities in 1885, in which year he was elected a member of the board of aldermen. He served continuously as a member of the city council for ten years, and within this period he was vice-chairman of the body for two years, and chairman for two years. He served on the finance com mittee during the entire decade, was on the police committee eight years, on the water committee eight years, on the committee on as sessments three years, on market two years, on harbor and wharves two years, and on special railroad committee one year. For five years he was a member of the sanitary board. This varied serv ice thoroughly equipped him for the duties of mayor, to which office he was next called, and enabled him, by his full knowledge of city business, to give a satisfactory administration of municipal affairs. Mr. Myers' first mayoralty race was in 1895, when he was pitted against the late Dr. William Duncan, one of Savannah's most prom inent and honored citizens. He received a majority of 655, carrying nearly every precinct in the city. At the close of his first term, in January, 1897,- there was a division in his party, which temporarily alienated some of his former and present strong supporters. In that year the race was betwen him and Col. Peter W. Meldrim, and the contest was one of the most spirited the city has ever known, each candidate carrying ten precincts and Meldrim win ning by 223 votes. In 1899, against Hon. John J. McDonough, Mr. Myers was again elected mayor, by a majority of 224, and in 1901 he was elected for a third term, without opposition. In 1903, again without opposition, he was elected as his own successor, and in 1905 the same conditions again prevailed, their being no opposing candidate. Of Mayor Myers' administration the follow ing estimate has been published in a local newspaper: "He has endeavored to hold down departmental expenses to as low a limit as their proper maintenance would permit, in order to have a sur plus for public improvements. As a result his administration has been marked by the greatest permanent public improvements in the history of Savannah, over fifteen miles of street having been paved, the water works plant enlarged, large expenditures made for street opening and the removal of encroachments, and lastly, and in the eyes of many his chief monument, a magnificent new city 
 
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hall is now under erection, which will be when completed the finest south of Richmond, Va., its cost, with furnishings, approach ing $300,000, and built out of the regular revenues of the city, without issuing a single obligation and without the slightest in crease in taxes." Mr. Myers is a thirty-second degree Mason, having been initiated into the fraternity as a member of Marshall Lodge, Lynchburg, Va. 
Mynatt, Pryor L.,--In the early part of 
the eighteenth century Richard My 
natt, a young Englishman, came over to 
Virginia and settled in Prince William 
county, where he married and became 
the founder of the American branch of 
the Mynatt family. To him were born 
several children. William, the eldest 
son, moved into Fauquier county, Va., 
where he married, established a home 
and reared a large family. His second 
son, Joseph, imbued with the desire, so 
prevalent in those days, to penetrate fur ther into the new country; crossed over the mountains to eastern Tennessee and settled in Knox county. There he met and married Eliza Hickle, also a native of Virginia, though of German descent. Of this union there were four children, and it is of Pryor L., the eldest of the number, that this story is told,--truthfully told, with the earnest hope that it may be an inspiration to other lads to make of themselves men of whom it may be said that "the world was better for their having lived." Pryor L. Mynatt was born on a farm in Knox county, Tenn., Sept. 7, 1829. Here his youth was passed in aiding in the farm work and attending the country schools, where he eagerly acquired all the knowledge afforded by the primitive institutions. Very early in life there came to the lad a love of books and a thirst for knowledge, and this predilection was fostered and encouraged by his mother, a woman of more than ordinary mentality. As most of the travel at this time was through the country and as the Mynatt home was on the public highway, the lawyers, passing to and from the sessions of court, would often stop here for a night or for a rest during the day. The boy heard much of the outside world through this source and listened eagerly to the discussions of these men, who represented the profession that was the gateway at that time for many broad fields of culture and eminence, and when very young he determined to make of him- 
 
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self a good lawyer. His people had ever been farmers and lovers of the soil, and his father preferred that he should remain on the farm, but his mind was firmly fixed and, believing that he could do best with the legal profession, he held tenaciously to his purpose, though often contending with the greatest difficulties. Perhaps there- are no conditions more conducive to growth in self-reliance of:;to the development of resources within oneself than those of g::|ami life with limited financial means. It is a training that en- 
a ; man.the better to comprehend and master the details and : later in: life. Obstacles that at the time seem hard prGye in: the en strong factors in character build- 
i the:work: brin:^:!: strength intellectually as well as physical2y^i ; ^<j: :O;Ke re^iKed^iJife more: thoroughly than did Mr. Mynatt, and : though: he gave: :ap farm : life when it became necessary in furtherance of his designated aim, he never ceased to feel grateful for its influence in molding his character. Patiently and faithfully he worked his way through the college at Marysville, Tenn., where he was graduated in the summer of 1849. For a time he taught school in Tennessee and Alabama, to meet the expense of his law studies. Later he went to Knoxville and entered the office of a prominent lawyer. Completing his law course at Lebanon, Tenn., he began practice at Jacksboro in that state, but, desiring a broader field, he returned to Knoxville, where within a short time he gained a lucrative practice and a fine reputation as a lawyer. Mr. Mynatt was an ardent southerner and, believing in the rights of secession, he went heart and soul with the Confederacy, enlisting in 1861. Early in 1862 he was a private in Company I of the Second Tennes see cavalry, commanded by Col. Henry M. Ashby. On Nov. 21, 1862, he was appointed captain and assistant commissary of subsis tence and assigned to duty with the First Tennessee regiment of cavalry, commanded by Col. James E. Carter. In 1863 he was promoted to the rank of major and assistant commissary of subsis tence on the staff of Gen. John Pegram, commanding a brigade. After the battle of Resaca he was assistant commissary of subsis tence, with the same rank, on the staff of Gen. W. Y. C. Humes, commanding Humes' division of cavalry, and held that position until the close of the war, being paroled, with this division, at Charlotte, N. C., May 3, 1865. At the close of the war it -was im possible for those who had espoused the southern cause to return to eastern Tennessee, the feeling being so bitter that their very lives were endangered by attempting to return, in addition to which their homes had been destroyed and their property confiscated. 
 
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Colonel Mynatt, with many other former residents of eastern Ten nessee left homeless by the war, settled in Atlanta, Ga. Here he opened an office and began the practice of law. Atlanta was in ashes and the outlook was anything but promising, but, notwith standing the difficulties, he soon built up a good practice. He had been a faithful, painstaking student, mastering thoroughly the principles of the law; he was endowed with one of those clear, perceptive minds that quickly grasp the main points in a case, and at the same time he had the patient care for detail. Thus fortified, and imbued with an ardent love for his chosen calling, he was most thoroughly prepared for the work that came to him. He soon established himself on a very high plane with the bar, not only of Atlanta, which was one of the strongest, but also of the entire state, as a fine constitutional lawyer. He was a delegate to the constitu tional convention of 1877, serving faithfully and with marked abil ity in connection with all questions considered by that body and adding greatly to his reputation by his untiring efforts in behalf of the railroad commission. Not long after the adoption of this law he successfully defended it against the attack upon its constitution ality by three of the strongest railroad powers, represented by some of the state's ablest lawyers, in a litigation extending over a period of more than three years and carried through both state and United States courts. This was regarded as a great legal victory for both the commission and for Colonel Mynatt. One of his strongest char acteristics as a lawyer was the careful preparation of his cases as to every detail, with lucid presentation and pleading. This en abled him to g'ain many difficult and involved cases,--believed by the most eminent lawyers to be impossible of bringing to successful issue. The Air Line railroad case, which involved $11,000,000 and which attracted wide attention because of the unique questions in the case, after long and arduous labor he gained for the owners as against the bondholders, who were about to take possession of the property. Thoroughly trained as a corporation lawyer, his opinions on all questions bearing upon this branch of his profes sion were highly valued by his fellow lawyers. His integrity intellectually as well as morally placed him on the highest plane with his professional confreres and many young men who studied in his office felt the power of this combined influence and gained a lasting respect for the dignity of the profession. Colonel Mynatt was a leal and loyal Democrat and aided the party in every way possible. As a member of the legislature of 1878 he was a faithful and efficient worker. When the prohibition laws were passed in 
 
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649 
 
Atlanta some of the liquor dealers and manufacturers contested the constitutionality of these laws and very able counsel was em ployed on both sides. Colonel Mynatt was the leading lawyer for the defense and in this ably conducted legal fight he won his case, which was carried through both state and Federal courts. He also gained the great Tumlin estate case, involving $75,000, against the views of his own able associates in the cause. He was for a long time senior counsel for the East Tennessee & Georgia railway sys tem and for the Atlanta & Florida railroad. Loving his profes sion, he never descended to the tricks of a trade but held always to: the highest ideals, maintaining the dignity and integrity of his profession as well as of the man. Quick of perception, broad and tolerant in his views, a:thorough investigator of the law and facts in. his cases, invariably careful in the preparations of his causes for trial, it was not surprising that success should result. He was for many years a member of the Presbyterian church, and in De cember, 1880, was ordained an elder in the Central Presbyterian church, of Atlanta, proving a faithful, and useful officer. His Christian faith guided and guarded him in every relation of life. In 1860 he married, at Knoxville, Tenn., Alice, third daughter of Major Campbell Wallace, and to them were born four children-- Campbell Wallace, Joseph Lyon, Pryor L., Jr., and Alice Wallace. Tender and true always in the home life, as elsewhere, his loved ones of the immediate family circle were ever made glad by the sound of his returning footsteps. Colonel Mynatt died in Atlanta, Sept. 2, 1900, and is survived by his wife and two of his children-- Joseph Lyon and Alice Wallace, now residing in Atlanta. A dis tinguished jurist said of him: "He had great success as a lawyer; he was diligent, industrious and learned; one main reason for his success was the excellence of his character. Such a life is, indeed, an inspiration to us all and will live after him, a. shining example pointing the way to what is noblest in our profession." 
Myra, a post-hamlet of Appling county, is on the Altamaha river, about twelve miles northeast of Baxley, which is the most con venient railroad station. 
Myrtle, a post-village of Houston county, is on the short branch of the Central of Georgia railway system that runs from Fort Val ley to Perry. The population in 1900 was 78. 
Mystic, a town in Irwin county, is about five miles southwest of Fitzgerald, at the junction of two divisions of the Atlantic & Birmingham railroad. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, some mercantile concerns, and in 1900 re- 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
ported a population of 9.7. It was incorporated by act of the legis lature on August 18, 1903. 
Me 
McAfee's Cross Roads, a few miles north of Marietta and almost directly west of Brush mountain, was the scene of some lively skirmishing on June 12, 1864, when General Wheeler made one of his characteristic dashes against the Federal lines, inflicting a heavy loss with slight losses to his own command. On the 19th another skirmish occurred here but without serious losses on either side. 
McArthur, Thomas Jackson, M u D., one of the leading physicians and sur geons of Crisp county, and secretary of the South Georgia medical association, is engaged in the practice of his profes sion in Cordele where he is also asso ciated in conducting a well appointed drug store. He was born in Wilkinson county, Ga., April 30, 1868, a son of John and Winnie (Rivers) McArthur, both of whom were born in that county. The father removed thence to Bibb coun ty, where he remained thirty years and then returned to Wilkinson county where both he and his wife passed the closing years of their lives. He was a planter by voca tion, a man of strong character and much public spirit, served several years as tax collector, and it was his to render valiant ser vice to the Confederacy as a soldier in the war between the states. Doctor McArthur secured his earlier educational training in the schools of Wilkinson county, and his professional education was se cured mainly in the Southern medical college in Atlanta, in which institution he was graduated as a member of the class of 1894, duly receiving his degree of Doctor of Medicine. He forthwith en gaged in the practice of his profession in Unadilla, Dooly county, where he remained nine years-, at the expiration of which, in 1903, he took up his residence in Cordele, now the county seat of Crisp county, where his success has been equally pronounced, his prac tice having wide ramification throughout that section. He is one of the proprietors of the Cordele sanatorium established Jan. 1, 1906. The drug store in which he is a part owner is the finest in the town and has a representative supporting patronage. Doctor 
 
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651 
 
McArthur is a member of the Medical Association of Georgia, ex-president of the Dooly county medical society, and secretary of the South Georgia medical association He holds membership in the Primitive Baptist Church. In September, 1895, Doctor Mc Arthur was united in marriage to Mrs. Sannie Home, nee, Henderson, daughter of Tillet Henderson of Dooly county. They have 
three children. McAuliffe, Michael J., has been en 
gaged in the retail grocery business in 
the city of Augusta for the past quarter 
of'a century and for twenty years he has 
maintained his headquarters in his pres 
ent location, at the corner of Gwinnett 
: and Kollock streets, where he has a com 
modious store and residence. He was 
born in Augusta, March 12, 1854, and is 
a son of Timothy and Ellen (Buckley) 
McAuliffe, both of whom were born in 
County Cork, Ireland, where they grew to maturity and were married. They im migrated to the United States early in the year 1854, and soon after their arrival took up their residence in Augusta, where they passed the closing years of their lives. Besides Michael J. they are sur vived by one other son and one' daughter. Timothy is a resident of Grovetown, Richmond county, and Mary A. is a resident of Columbia county. Two other sons, John and Patrick, were in the Confederate service in the Civil war, and the former lost an arm in battle. Both died a number of years ago. Michael J. McAuliffe was afforded the advantages of the parochial school of St. Patrick's church in Augusta, and at the age of twelve years he began work ing as a cash boy in a local wholesale and retail dry-goods store. For sixteen years he was in the employ of Mullarky Bros., drygoods merchants, being bookkeeper and confidential man for the firm during the last ten ye'ars of this period. He then resigned his position and engaged in the retail grocery business, which has en listed his attention ever since, and in which he has gained a very marked success. For ten years he served as captain of the Irish Volunteers, a local military organization. His political support is given to the Democratic party, and both he and his wife are com municants of the Catholic church, being members of the Church of the Sacred Heart. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus; is president of the Irish-American Investment Company, of Au- 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
gusta, and is a director of the Irish-American bank. On Oct. 11, 1877, he was united in marriage to Miss Margaret M. Murphy, of Augusta, and they have six children, namely: John Leo, Frank J., Harry V., Jerry P., Margaret M. and Elizabeth C. 
McBean Depot, a post-hamlet in the southeastern part of Rich mond county, is located on the Augusta & Millen division of the Central of Georgia railroad, about four miles from the Savannah river. 
McCall, John G., LL. D., a distin guished member of the Georgia bar, president of the board of trustees of Mercer university, and one of the best known and most honored citizens of Quitman, Brooks county, was born in : Screven county, Ga., Jan. 18, 1836. He is a son of Francis S. and Ann (Dopson) McCall, the former born in Screven county, Oct. 10, 1810, and the latter in Beaufort district, S. C., in 1816. Francis S. McCall was a son of Rev. William McCall, who fought under Gen. Francis Marion in the war of the Revolution. The family has been long and prominently identified with the Baptist church, and many representatives of the name have been and are numbered among its clergy. John G. McCall was graduated in Union university, Murfreesboro, Tenn., as a member of the class of 1858, receiving the degree of Master of Arts. Immediately after his graduation he was elected adjunct professor of mathematics and languages in his alma mater, and in the following year was elected profes sor of Greek and Hebrew, being the incumbent of this position at the outbreak of the Civil war. In March, 1862, Mr. McCall left the classic precincts of the educational institution to tender his services in defense of the Confederate cause, becoming lieutenant in Company K, Fiftieth Georgia volunteer infantry, with which he took part in the battles of Antietam, South Mountain, Gettys burg and Sharpsburg, as well as numerous skirmishes. During a severe skirmish near Funkstown, Md., he was severely wounded, having been captain of his company at the time. His injuries necessitated his retirement from the service, to which he was never able to return, and he received his honorable discharge on July 10, 1863. Mr. McCall was admitted to the bar of his native state in 1866 and has made his home in Brooks county since the close of 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
653 
 
his military career. He was elected ordinary of the county in 1864, served five years in this office, and has been largely interested in farming and other enterprises of importance. He is a member of the directorates of each of the following named corporations: Merc.hsets' & Farmers' bank, First National bank of Quitman, South Georgia & West Coast Railroad Company, Quitman Compress GgKlpany, the Alliance Warehouse Company, and the Atlantic :&:fjulf cotton mills. He has twice been a delegate to the Farmers' st:Ional congress of the United States and was for many years vice-president of the Georgia state agricultural society. He has been a member of the Missionary Baptist church since 1862 and has taught the same Bible class in the same Sunday school for fortythree years, with but few failures to present himself for the reg ular instruction of his class. He is a member of the Mercer Baptist association and is president of the board of trustees of Mercer university, which institution honored him with the degree of Doc tor of Laws, in 1894. He is a trustee of Norman institute, at Nor man Park; was for eight years chairman of the board of education of Brooks county, is a member of the board of visitors and advisers of Cox college, at College Park; takes a special interest in ed ucational affairs and in the young folks who come within the sphere of his influence. On Jan. 30, 1867, Mr. McCall was united in mar riage to Miss Rosa Bobo, daughter of Dr. Virgil and Sarah Hansen (Black) Bobo, of South Carolina, and the children of this union are five in number, namely: Rosa Lee, wife of John O. Lewis; Rachel B., the wife of Charles F. Cater; Nonnie Bobo; John F.; and Edna F., the last named being the wife of Albert L. Tidwell. 
McCan, a post-hamlet of Liberty county, is about eight miles northwest of Hinesville. The nearest railroad station is Groveland, on the Seaboard Air Line. 
McCants, a post-village in the central part of Mclntosh county, is about six miles northeast of Eulonia, which is the nearest rail road station. 
McCarthy, Jeremiah F., secretary and treasurer of the John Flannery Company, one of the representative cotton brockerage firms of Savannah, is a veteran of the Spanish-American war and has the distinction of being at the present time the captain of the Irish Jasper Greens, an historic military organization of Savannah, now constituting Company L, First regiment of infantry, Georgia state troops. Captain McCarthy was born in the city of Savannah, Jan. 3, 1859, a son of Jeremiah and Elizabeth T. (Gillespie) Mc Carthy, the former born in County Cork, Ireland, and the latter 
 
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CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
in the city of Liverpool, England. Their acquaintance had its in ception in the city of New York, where their marriage was sol emnized in January, 1840. The father, who was a shoemaker by trade, came to Georgia in 1841 and located in Savannah, where he passed the remainder of his life, having there been engaged in the shoe business for a number of years. He died in 1858 and his widow still resides in Savannah at the venerable age of ninety years (1905). Their children, Laurence A., Jeremiah F., Agnes, now the wife of Frank Wilkerson, and Mary, are all residents of Savannah. Captain McCarthy secured his early education in the parochial and private schools in Savannah, which city has been his home since his birth. He has been identified with the cotton bus iness for the past quarter of a century, his entire business associa tion in the connection having been with the John Flannery Com pany, representing one of the oldest and largest cotton-factorage concerns in the city. He secured an interest in the business in 1901 and has been secretary and treasurer of the company since June 1, of that year. On Feb. 23, 1882, he became a private in Company B, the Irish Jasper Greens, in what was then the First volunteer regiment of the state troops. This command entered the United States service in April, 1898, for the Spanish-American war, Mr. McCarthy being at the time second lieutenant of his company. In the following September he was promoted to the office of first lieutenant, and served as such until mustered out of the government service at the close of the war. The Irish Jasper Greens were re organized late in 1898 with P. F. Gleason captain; Edward A. Leonard, first lieutenant, and Jeremiah F. McCarthy second lieu tenant. Upon the promotion of Captain Gleason to the office of major in February, 1902, Mr. McCarthy was made captain, in which capacity he has since served, enjoying unqualified popularity in his command. The company dates its organization back to the year 1842, since which date it has been consecutively main tained. The history of the command records efficient service in both the Mexican war and the Civil war, in which latter it was a valued division of a Georgia regiment in the Confederate service. The father of Captain McCarthy was a member of the organization as early as 1844. In politics the captain is a Democrat. He is a communicant of the Catholic church, a charter member of the Savannah Catholic library association and of the local organization of the Knights of Columbus. 
McCarthy, Thomas F., is established in the retail grocery business at the corner of Ninth street and South Broadway, Augusta, having 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
655 
 
been in this line of enterprise in that section of the city for nearly thirty years. He was born in Augusta, Sept. 11, 1859, and is a son of Patrick and Sarah (Horn) McCarthy, the former of whom was born in County Cork, and the latter in County Athlone, Ireland. Both came to America and took up their residence in Augusta when young folk, and here their marriage occurred. The father, wfto had been identified with railroad operations during the greater portion of his active career, died in 1880, and his widow passed 
in 1893, both having been devoted communicants of the lic church. They are survived by three sons,--William, a resident of Chattanooga, Tenn.; and John and Thomas F., of Au gusta. Thomas F. McCarthy received his preliminary education in the parochial schools of Augusta, after which he became a student in Richmond academy in that city, but left this- institution at the age of eighteen years, to take a position as cashier in a local dry-goods establishment. Later he became a salesman in a grocery store, familiarizing himself with the details of the business and, in 1877 he engaged in this line of trade on his own responsibility. He has prospered in his undertaking, being the owner of a good property and controlling an excellent trade. His political allegiance is given to the Democracy; he and his wife are communicants of St. Patrick's church, Roman Catholic, and he is affiliated with the local organization of the Ancient Order of Hibernians. On Jan. 19, 1885, Mr. McCarthy was united in marriage to Miss Susan Hickey, who died March 36, 1900, leaving one son, Francis, who was born on July 9, 1895. On June 14, 1905, Mr. McCarthy mar ried his present wife, whose maiden name was Mary Mura. 
McCaskill, John Calvin, a prominent business man of Bainbridge, was born at Camden, Kershaw county, S. C., April 13, 1862. His .parents, Alien and Mar garet Caroline (McFarland) McCaskill, were both natives of the Old Palmetto State, the former having been born at Camden in 1833 and the latter at Cheraw in 1837. The grandparents of J. C Mc Caskill were all natives of the Isle of Skye, County Inverness, Scotland. They left their native land about the year 1817 and came to America. For generations the family have been members of the Presbyterian church, many of the male representatives having held the offices of deacon, elder, 
 
 656 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
etc., and nearly all have been farmers by occupation. Alien McCaskill was a valiant soldier in the Confederate army during the Civil war. He enlisted on Nov. 14, 1861, in Company A, Seventh South Carolina battalion, Haygood's brigade, Hoke's division, and in 1862 was made first lieutenant upon the occasion of the first vacancy in that office in the company. His command was en gaged around the forts at Charleston, S. C., during the bombard ment and was in numerous skirmishes until April, 1864, when it was ordered to Petersburg, Va. Here it was under heavy fire un til May 16, when it participated in the battle of Drewry's Bluff, one of the hottest engagements of the war. On June 3, 1864, Cap tain Lucas lost an arm and Lieutenant McCaskill was made cap tain of the company, continuing in command until the end of the war, surrendering with Gen. J. E. Johnston at Greensboro, N. C. John D. McCaskill, a younger brother of Alien, was also a soldier in the Confederate service, enlisting when he was not quite six teen years of age. He was severely wounded at Petersburg, a minie ball passing through his right breast, though he recovered from the effects of the injury and is still living. John C. McCas kill received his education by attending the district schools a few months each winter from 1868 to 1871. At the age of eight years he began to make a regular "plow hand," and remained on his father's farm until he attained to his majority. He then engaged in the naval stores business as an operator and has been connected with this line of industry ever since. He is a director in the Decatur county bank; president of the Bainbridge Hardwood Com pany; president of the Cliett Hardware Company, of Bainbridge; president of the Bainbridge Live Stock Insurance Company, and is regarded as a successful man of affairs--one whose counsel is to be sought and advice heeded in matters of an important busi ness nature. Mr. McCaskill is a Democrat in his political affi liations, and in religious matters follows the faith of his ancestors, being a member of the Presbyterian church. He is a prominent figure in fraternal circles, being a member of Orion Lodge No. 8, Free and Accepted Masons; Austin Chapter, No. 18, Royal Arch Masons; Ivanhoe Commandery, No. 10, Knights Templars; Alee Temple, Ancient and Accepted Order, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine; Bainbridge Lodge, No. 33, Knights of Pythias, and Lodge No. 986, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. On Jan. 13, 1887, Mr. McCaskill was united in marriage to Miss Emma, daugh ter of Robert and Mary (Mauk) Powell, of Garland, Ala. This union has been blessed with the following children: Lewis, aged 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
657 
 
eighteen years ; (1906) Alien, fifteen ; Harry, thirteen; John C, Jr., ten; Charles, five; and Ralph, two. 
McCathern, Walker, ex-mayor of Waynesboro, u representative planter and merchant of Burke county, and one of the stanch and valiant soldiers of the Confederacy during the Civil war, was born on the Hughes' plantation, ten miles distant from Waynesboro, in Burke county, .Feb. 10, 1840, being a son of Daniel and Anna (Ingram) McCathern, the former of whom was born in Scot land arid; the latter in Richmond county, Georgia. When he was but seven years ;> agei his father died, but his mother lived to attain the age ait seventy-five years. Mr. McCathern was reared on the plantation; and received his education in the schools of Richmond county. In April, 1861, at the age of twenty-one years, he entered the Confederate service, enlisting as a private in Company A, Third Georgia volunteer infantry. He enjoys the unique distinction of having captured the first Federal gunboat secured by a Confederate command after the outbreak of the war, this incident having occurred at Roanoke island, N. C., where he was in charge of a thirty-two-pound gun and where, with the sup port of his regiment, he captured the gunboat "Fannie," manned with seventy men, while 1,000 overcoats were also among the trophies secured on the boat. He took part in the Seven Days' battles in front of Richmond; the second battle of Manassas, and the engagements at Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Chancellorsville, Fredericksburg and Petersburg. He was wounded at Malvern Hill and was twice wounded at Hatcher's Run, in front of Peters burg, receiving the two wounds almost simultaneously. He was first shot through the body, and as he was falling another shot penetrated his neck, either would having been sufficient to prove fatal had he not promptly been accorded skillful surgical and med ical aid. At Belfield, N. C., he was again wounded. He was cap tured by the enemy and was imprisoned at Fort Delaware, but five days later he contrived to make his escape, prying off a board in the prison and crawling through the aperture. He then swam in an angling way down the Delaware river, a distance of nine miles, utilizing empty and tightly sealed canteens as life preservers and making his way acros the river, four miles wide at that point. In 42-n 
 
 658 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
this intrepiJ act he had but one companion, his comrade George C. Tanner, of the Cobb Georgia legion. He was recaptured near Harper's Ferry, however, and returned to Fort Delaware, later being sent to Point Lookout, where he was confined five months, when he managed to effect a second escape. He rejoined his reg iment in time to take part in the battle of the Wilderness and thereafter served until the close of the war. It is needless to say that he is an appreciative member of the United Confederate Vet erans. Since the war Mr. McCathern has continued to reside in Burke county, where he has valuable plantation interests and is successfully engaged in the raising of cotton and other products, also conducting a general store on his plantation. He has main tained his home in the city of Waynesboro since 1880, and has served as its mayor three terms, while he is held in high esteem in the community which has represented his home from the time of his nativity. He is a Master Mason and a member of the Bap tist church. On Feb. 23, 1868, Mr. McCathern was united in mar riage to Miss Sarah J. Chandler, daughter of William and Jane (Darlington) Chandler, of Burke county, and they have six chil dren living: William Walker, George Mitz, Otis Adair, Porter Fleming, John Jenks, and Albert Sydney Johnston. There were five others, all of whom died before reaching maturity. 
McClelland, John E., senior member 
o^ the well known law firm of J. E. & 
L. F. McClelland, of Stone Mountain, Dekalb county, is one of the able and 
popular members of the bar of that sec 
tion of the state and the firm of which 
he is a member controls an excellent 
practice. Mr. McClelland was born in 
Sandtown, Jasper county, Ga., Feb. 26, 
1869, a son of Rev. John F. and Eliza 
beth (Reagan) McClelland, the former 
born in Henry county, Ga., in 1840, and 
the latter in Rockdale county, Oct. 14, 1845. The father was a distinguished clergyman of the Presby terian church, held various pastoral charges in Georgia, and was chaplain of the house of representatives of the state legislature in 1884-5. He was in the active work of the ministry at the time of his death, which occurred at Stone Mountain, June 24, 1885, and his widow still resides in this place. He was insistently loyal to the Confederacy during the war between the states, as he enlisted 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
659 
 
in 1861, as a private in Company I, Forty-fourth Georgia infantry,, in which he was promoted to first lieutenant and served in this capacity until the final surrender. He took part in many of the most notable battles of the great conflict, including those of Get tysburg, Spottsylvania, Manassas and the Seven Days' fighting arenad Richmond. After due preparatory discipline John E. Mc Clelland was matriculated in Emory college, in which he was grad uated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts and later received the degree of Master of Arts, He then took up the study of law, thor oughly fortified himself in the science of jurisprudence and was a<!iaji:ted to the bar. He: is associated with his brother in the prac tice of. his profession and they have a representative clientage in Dekalb county. Mr, McClelland is aligned as a supporter of the principles of the Democracy, is a member of the Georgia bar as sociation; is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Masonic fraternity, including the Ancient Arabic Order, Nobles of .the Mystic Shrine; and both he and his wife hold mem bership in the Presbyterian church. On Sept. 26, 1888, Mr. Mc Clelland was united in marriage to Miss Cora Spence, daughter of J. S. Spence, of Lawrenceville, Ga., and they have three children-- John Spence, James Ralph and Ellis Forsyth. 
McCollum, a village of Coweta county, is on the Atlanta & West Point railroad, ten miles northeast of Newnan. It has a money order postoffice, some mercantile interests, and does some ship ping. 
McConnell, a post-hamlet of Cherokee county, is not far from the Forsyth county line and is almost due east of Ball Ground, which is the nearest railroad station. 
McCook's Raid.--While Sherman was operating against Atlanta in July, 1864, he planned cavalry raids upon the Atlanta & West Point and Macon railroads. Gen. E. M. McCook, with two bri gades of eavalry amounting to 3,500 men, was to move upon Fayetteville, afterward form a junction with General Stoneman at Lovejoy's Station, and tear up the railroad at that point. McCook crossed the Chattahoochee near Campbellton, forced back Harrison's cavalry brigade, and upon reaching Palmetto tore up two miles of the West Point railroad. He then marched to Fayetteville, where he burned 500 wagons and captured 350 prisoners and about 800 mules, after which he moved rapidly to Lovejoy's Sta tion, where he began to destroy the railroad track and some cap tured rolling stock. Ross' cavalry brigade was called from the Lickskillet road while the battle of Ezra Church was still raging, 
 
 660 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
joined Harrison and attacked McCook near Lovejoy's Station compelling him to retreat toward Newnan. Wheeler, who with Ashby's brigade had hurried to Jonesboro, pushed on during the night of July 29th and with 400 men attacked the Federal rear guard toward daylight on the 30th at Line Creek, where the bridge had' been destroyed. After a stubborn fight the Federals were dislodged from the barricades commanding the passage of the creek. Wheeler then had a bridge constructed, passed over and continued his pursuit though frequently encountering barricades and volleys from the enemy. He finally came upon McCook in considerable force and routed him. At Newnan McCook stopped long enough to cut the railroad in three places, but the halt was fatal. Wheeler, who had been reinforced by part of Cook's regi ment and two regiments under Ross, sent one column under Col onel Ashby to cut off McCook's retreat, while he struck him on the flank. After a fight of two hours Wheeler gained the Fed eral position, taking 400 prisoners. Roddey and Anderson, with about 1,000 men, now came to Wheeler's assistance and notwith standing the strong position of McCook in the edge of a wood, he was again flanked out. On the retreat Wheeler captured nearly two entire regiments with all their artillery and wagons. The pur suit lasted for nearly four hours, more prisoners being taken and a number of Confederate prisoners recaptured. The remnant crossed the Chattahoochee near Franklin, where Wheeler followed them next day and very nearly completed the destruction of Mc Cook's cavalry command. He reported the capture of 950 pris oners, two cannon and 1,200 horses with equipments. 
McCord, a post-hamlet of Columbia county, is on the Little river, which forms the northern boundary. Grovetown is the near est railroad station. 
McDaniel, a post-hamlet of Pickens county, is near the Gordon county line and is ten miles from Talking Rock, which is the near est railroad station. 
McDaniel, Henry Dickerson, lawyer and statesman, was born at Monroe, Walton county, Sept. 4, 1837. In 1856 he graduated with the highest honors at Mercer university and the following year began the practice of law in his native city. He was a mem ber of the secession convention of 1861, and though opposed to immediate secession he signed the ordinance, afterward serving with distinction in the Confederate army, gaining the rank of major in the Eleventh Georgia, which regiment was a part of Anderson's brigade in the Army of Northern Virginia. After the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
661 
 
war he resumed the practice of law at Monroe; was a delegate to the constitutional convention of 1865; elected state representa tive in 1872; state senator in 1874, 1876 and 1880; on the death of Governor Stephens he was chosen to fill the unexpired term, and at its expiration was elected for a full term of two years. He still resides at Monroe, where he is a leading member of the bar; is a director in the Georgia Railroad and Banking Company, and pres ident; of the board of trustees of the University of Georgia, having beeiiHa member of the board since 1884. 
l&Daniel, Sanders, a prominent member of the Atlanta bar and oae;;who \hx had to do with much important legal business, both as attorney; :and counselbr, is a representative of one of the old and honored families of Georgia. He was born in Monroe, Walton county, Sept. 19, 1867, and in the same place were also born his parents, Henry Dickerson and Hester (Felker) McDaniel. Data concerning the paternal ancestry of Mr. McDaniel reveal that among the number were John Baldwin and Henry Terry, of Prince Edward county, Va., who were his great-great-great-grandfathers and were of stanch English lineage; Henry McDaniel, of Amherst county, Virginia, who removed to South Carolina more than a cen tury ago, was of Scotch-Irish descent and was great-great-grand father of the subject of this sketch, who is also in the fifth genera tion in direct descent from John Holliday, of Lincoln county, Geor gia, and John N. Walker, a native of Maryland who located in Lincoln county, Ga., early in life, later removing to Walton county. Both these ancestors were of English descent, and the latter was a soldier in the Continental line during the war of the Revolution. Ira Oliver McDaniel, grandfather of Sanders, was one of the early merchants of Atlanta, served a number of terms in the municipal council and was prominent and influential in all undertakings ad vanced for the upbuilding of the city, materially, morally and re ligiously. Stephen Felker, maternal grandfather of Mr. McDaniel, was born in South Carolina, and was a son of Peter Felker, who removed from that state to Tennessee, whence Stephen removed to Monroe, Walton county, Ga. His wife, whose maiden name was Malinda Harben, was a daughter of Thomas and Hester Harben and a great niece of Daniel Boone. Henry Dickerson Mc Daniel is one of the distinguished members of the bar of Georgia, having long been engaged in practice in the city of Monroe. A sketch of his life appears elsewhere in this work. Sanders Mc Daniel completed a course of study in the high school in his native town and then entered the University of Georgia, in which he was 
 
 62 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
graduated, in 1886, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then began the work of preparing himself for the legal profession, and was admitted to the bar in 1888, in the Walton superior court. He commenced practice in Monroe, where he became local counsel of the Georgia and the Gainesville, Jefferson & Southern railroads. In 1895 he took up his residence in Atlanta, where he has since been actively engaged in practice. He is assistant division counsel of the Southern railway and local counsel for Fulton county of the Georgia railroad. Since 1902 he has been a member of the law firm of Dorsey, Brewster & Howell, division counsel of the South ern railway of Georgia. He is president of the Central bank block association, whose fine building is located on Whitehall street viaduct and railroad street. Mr. McDaniel is a stanch ad herent of the Democratic party but has never been a seeker of political office. He is a member of the Capital City club, the Pied mont Driving club and the Chi Phi college fraternity. On May 14, 1895, he was united in marriage to Miss Anne Henderson, daughter of William A. and Harriet (Smiley) Henderson, of Knox- . ville, Tenn., and they have one child, Harriet Smiley. 
McDew, a post-hamlet in Jeff Davis county, is about eight miles west of Hazlehurst, which is the most convenient railroad station. 
McDonald, a town in Coffee county, is located on the Atlantic Coast Line railway, about fifteen miles southeast of Douglas. It has a money order postoffice, express and telegraph offices, several good mercantile establishments, and in 1900 reported a population of 150. It is the principal shipping point in that part of the county. 
McDonald, Charles James, nineteenth governor of Georgia, was born at Charleston, S. C, July 9, 1793, graduated from the South Carolina college at Columbia in 1816 and after studying law set tled in Georgia. He was elected solicitor-general of the Flint circuit in 1822; represented his district in both branches of the legislature; became governor in 1839; was reflected in 1841; was a delegate to the Nashville States Rights convention in 1850. and was made one of the judges of the supreme court of Georgia in* 1857. He died Dec. 15, 1860. 
McDonald, Willis Wv is one of the representative members of the bar of Coffee county, being a member of the firm of Quincy & Mc Donald, of Douglas, and he is also one of the largest cotton-growers and landowners of that section of the state. He was born in Lumpkin county, Ga., July 8, 1871, and is a son of Angus J. and Annie (Gee) McDonald, the former of whom was born in Union county, Ga., in 1844, and the latter in Fannin county, in 1854, having been a 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
663 
 
daughter-of Walter L. Gee, who was a-valiant soldier of the Con federacy in the Civil war. Angus J. McDonald is now a resident of Oglethorpe county, his wife having died in 1898. The subject of 
this review attended Martin institute, in Jackson county, and thereafter was a stu dent for three years in the North Georgia agricultural college, at Dahlonega. He then entered the Florida state normal school, at DeFuniak Springs, in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1891, For the ensuing four years he was principal of the high school at Starke, :Fla., and was very successful in his peda gogic work. In the meanwhile he had given careful attention to the study of law, and: was admitted to the bar, at Starke, in the spring of 1894. In May of that year he located in Douglas, where he entered into a professional partnership with John W. Quincy, under the firm name :of Quincy & McDonald, and they have built up a very large and representative practice and stand high among the legal firms of this section of the state. The firm are attorneys for practically all the corporations in Coffee county. They were among the iorganizers and incorporators of the Doug las, Augusta & Gulf railroad, of which they are the general coun sellors, being also local counsel for the Atlantic & Birmingham, the Atlantic Coast Line, and the Southern railroads. Mr. McDonold is vice-president of the Citizens' bank, of Douglas, and he is the largest grower of cotton in Coffee county, where he has ex tensive plantation interests. He is aligned as a stalwart supporter of the cause of the Democratic party; was several years a member of the city council, and in 1900 was elected mayor, serving in this capacity for three years. He is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias, and both he and his wife are members of the Methodist Episcopal church South. On June 22, 1892, Mr. McDonald was united in marriage to Miss Irene Grantham, daughter of Capt. James P. and Mary F. (Wooten) Grantham, of Waukeenah, Fla., and they "have four children--Irene, Mildred, Carlisle, and Ryder. McDonough, the county seat of Henry county, is located on tlie Southern railway between Atlanta and Macon, and is the terminus of the Columbus division of the same system. It was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1823, had in 1900 a population of 683, 
 
 664 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
and in its entire district 2,725 inhabitants. It has a court house 
 
worth $20,000, telegraph and express offices, a money order post- 
 
office with rural free delivery, a bank, and several successful mer 
 
cantile establishments. The annual shipment of cotton from this 
 
point is about 9,000 bales. ;The school and church privileges are 
 
excellent. 
 
 
 
McDuffie County was created from Warren and Columbia in 
 
October, 1870, and was named for Senator McDuffie, of South 
 
Carolina. It is situated in the eastern part of the state and is 
 
bounded on the north by Lincoln and Wilkes counties, on the east 
 
by Columbia, on the south by Richmond, Jefferson and Warren, 
 
and on the west by Warren and Wilkes. It is well watered by the 
 
tributaries of the Savannah river. The land, which was once very 
 
fertile, has been exhausted by injudicious cultivation. Within the 
 
last few years, scientific methods have been introduced in many 
 
sections of the county and are restoring to the soil its former pro 
 
ductiveness. Potatoes, peas, sugar-cane, sorghum and the cereals 
 
are the principal productions. The cultivation of vegetables, fruits, 
 
berries and melons is attracting much attention, especially along 
 
the lines of the Georgia railway, which traverses the county from 
 
west to east, establishing quick connections with Augusta, where 
 
the McDuffie watermelon is greatly prized for its size and flavor. 
 
The timber consists of the various hard-wood varieties, and much 
 
of it is cut into lumber each year. Gold is found in the county in 
 
paying quantities, and mines are operated at Talahu, Partu and 
 
Williams. Thomson, the county seat, is near the center of the 
 
county, and is a trade center for the surrounding district. Dear- 
 
ing, Boneville and Wrightsboro are the other towns of importance. 
 
The population of the county in 1900 was 9,804, a gain of 1,015 
 
since 1890. 
 
McDuffie, James Henry, M. D., is one of the leading physicians 
 
and surgeons of the city of Columbus, ex-vice-president of the 
 
Georgia state medical association and vice-president of the Georgia 
 
Pasteur institute in Atlanta. He was born in Fayetteville, N. C., 
 
Dec. 12, 1859, a son of James Robert and Mary (Johnson) McDuffie, 
 
the former born in Fayetteville, and the latter in Robeson 
 
county, N. C. The father was an extensive turpentine and 
 
lumber operator and passed the closing years of his life in 
 
Liberty county, Ga., where he died in 1902, his wife having died at 
 
the same place, in 1898. They removed from North Carolina to 
 
Georgia in 1890. Doctor McDuffie attended the public schools of 
 
his native town until he had completed a course in the high school 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
665 
 
and in 1880, soon after attaining to his legal majority he became associated with his father and his brother, William R., in the tur pentine; and lumber business, with which he continued to be ac 
tively identified for a period of four years, 
at the expiration of which he took up the 
study of medicine under Dr. James A. 
Sexton of Raleigh, N. C. He finally 
entered the medical department of the 
University of Maryland at Baltimore, in 
olc^and honored institution he was 
;iti March, 1887, duly receiving 
lisVidegre&iof Doctor of Medicine. There- 
alter fre iwas engaged in the practice of his 
profession:! at-Keyser, N. C., for eighteen 
njonths and for the ensuing three and 
one-half years he was established; in practice at Anniston, Ala.: During his residence in Anniston he was a member of the board of censors for Calhoun county; mem ber and secretary of the Calhoun county medical society, and a member of the medical association of the State of Alabama. In July, 1892, he located in Columbus, where he has since remained in the general practice of his profession, having attained promi nence and success in his chosen vocation and gained distinctive popularity as a "man among men." In the winter of 1898 he took a post-graduate course in the New York polyclinic, as did he also in the winter of 1902. He realizes how rapid are the advances made in both branches of his profession and he keeps in close touch with the same, being a careful and appreciative student of the best technical literature, both standard and periodical. He is a mem ber of the American medical association, the Georgia state medi cal association and the Muscogee county medical society. In 1903 he was first vice-president of the Georgia state medical association and he is now vice-president of the Georgia Pasteur institute, as has already been noted. He is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, is aligned as a stanch supporter of the principles and poli cies of the Democracy and is an elder in the First Presbyterian church, of which Mrs. McDuffie also is a devoted member. On Dec. 5, 1882, he was united in marriage to Miss Sallie Helen Page, daughter of Lewis A. Page, now of Candor, N. C., and they have six children--Annie Laurie, Love Alexander, James Henry, Jr., Lewis Robert, David Page and William Archibald. 
 
 666 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
McEachern, John F., second vice-presi dent of the Savannah Lumber Company, was born on a farm in Robeson county, N. C., June 11, 1852, and was reared and educated in this native county. He is a son of Archibald McEachern, Jr., who was likewise born in Robeson county, in 1818, being a son of Archibald and Effie McEachern, natives of North Card* lina and representatives of stanch old Scotch stock. Archbald McEachern, Jr., was a cotton planter in Robeson county, where he died in 1864. His wife, whose maiden name was .Margaret A. Fairly, was born in Richmond county, N. C., in 1828, of Scottish ancestry, her parents being John and Sallie Fairly, who were likewise born in North Carolina. She survived her husband by many years, her death occurring in 1890. The four surviving children are John F., Archibald A., Sallie F. (Mrs. John B. McNeill), and Effie S. (Mrs. John C. Powell). John F. McEachern was but eleven years of age at the time of his father's death, and he then left school and began to assist in the management of the homestead plantation. At the age of twentyeight years he removed to Hampton county, S. C., where he en gaged in the manufacture of turpentine, being successful in his operations and continuing his association with this industry for many years. In 1888 he located in Savannah, where he became a naval-store inspector, and in October, 1903, he was one of the or ganizers of the Savannah Lumber Company, which is incorpor ated with a capital stock of $120,000, and which has one of the best manufacturing plants of the kind in Savannah, the business be ing one of wide proportions. He has been second vice-president of the company from the time of its organization. In politics he is aligned as a loyal supporter of the principles and policies of the Democratic party, and both he and his wife are members of the Presbyterian church. On Christmas day, 1883, Mr. McEachern was united in marriage to Miss Margaret G. Baker, daughter of Graham and Annie (Mclver) Baker, who were at that time resi dents of Cumberland county, N. C. Mr. and Mrs. McEachern have nine children, namely: John, Archibald, Walter McNeill, Mar garet, Annie Baker, Graham, Lawrence, Eliza Buie, and Sarah Fairly. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
667 
 
McEachern, John N., president of the Industrial Life & Health Insurance Com pany, of Atlanta, and a member of the board of aldermen of the capital city, is a native Georgian, having been born in Cobb county, April 9, 1853. He is a son of; David L. and Esther M. A. (White) McEachern, both of whom were born in Cabarrus county, N. C.,--the former on 
,: 18:14, and the latter on Dec. 23, p?,; :|Fh<Jy passed the closing years of &r lives :iM Gobb county, Ga., the father 
*>H a farmer by vocation. At g^inted by President Davis to look after ;tlie: is c tests :8|:::jl3S wi*es: and widows of Confederate soldiers :from <ibb <:::c>fuit;yjlii!s, loyalty to the cause of the Confed eracy being1 of the most ms|s tent: type. Wilkes W. White, an un cle of the subject of this; ^review, organized a company for the Confederate service, the stMe having been recruited at Marietta, and which became a part cf;!the Seventh Georgia infantry, in which he was promoted to the office of colonel. He was wounded in one of the engagements commonlv designated as the Seven Days' bat tles, irl the vicinity of Richmond, and his injuries were so severe that he was compelled to retire from active service. John N. Mc Eachern was afforded the ^advantages of the common schools of his native county, where he was reared to maturity and continued to reside until 1889, when he removed to the city of Atlanta and secured a position as solicitor for a Baltimore insurance company. He proved most successful in this connection and remained thus employed for two years, when he effected the organization of the Industrial Life & Health Insurance Company, which is incorpor ated under the laws of the state. He was forthwith elected presi dent and general manager of the company, which, under his able administration, has forged to the forefront,, having now more than 150,000 policies in force and being the largest insurance company of the sort having its home office south of the Mason & Dixon line. Mr. McEachern is known as one of the leading insurance men of the state and is a citizen of liberal and public-spirited views^ In politics he is a stanch Democrat and has represented the seventh ward on the board of aldermen since 1903. He is treasurer of the board of stewards of the Park Street Methodist Episcopal church South, of which both he and his wife are zealous members, and is 
 
 668 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
a director of the Wesleyan Memorial hospital, of Atlanta. He is affiliated with the Masonic fraternity, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. On Sept. 30, 1896, Mr. McEachern was united in marriage to Miss Lula C. Dobbs, daughter pf Ransom and Vesta (Dupee) Dobbs, of Cobb county, where she was born and reared. Mr. and Mrsv McEachern have three children, namely: Elizabeth Florine, born July 22, 1897; John Newton, born Feb. 20, 1899; and Lula Chris tine, born Jan. 30, 1901. 
McElmurray, Thomas J., was one of the influential and honored citizens of Burke county, which was his home throughout life, and he was possessed of large and valuable landed interests in the county, including the fine homestead plantation, "Sunnyside," six miles south of the city of Waynesboro. On the plantation of his father, in Burke county, Mr. McElmurray was born, March 1, 1841, being a son of Minas H. and Emily (Leslie) McElmurray, both native of the state of South Carolina. He was reared to maturity in his home county and educated at Mercer university in the city of Macon. At the inception of the Civil war he manifested his intrinsic loyalty to the cause of the Confederacy by tendering his services as a soldier, first enlisting in a regiment of Georgia in fantry, later being in the; artillery branch of the service, and dur ing the latter part of the great conflict between the states he was a member of the militia commanded by Joseph Brown. After the war he continued his identification with the vocation to which he had been reared, residing on his plantation of "Sunnyside" until 1881, when he completed the erection of a beautiful home in the city of Waynesboro, where he passed the remainder of his life, his widow still remaining in this residence. Besides the home plan tation he owned several other farms in the county, retaining all in his possession until his death, which occurred April 9, 1898. He was a man of fine intellectual and moral attributes, loyal and pub lic-spirited as a citizen and successful in his business affairs. He was a stanch adherent of the Democratic party and was an influ ential factor in its affairs in the county. He served as judge of the court of ordinary of Burke county, and was a member of the state senate one term. He was a consistent member of the Meth odist Episcopal church South, of which his widow also is a de voted member; was identified with the Masonic fraternity, hav ing served repeatedly as master of his lodge, and was also a member of the United Confederate Veterans. Mr. McElmurray was twice married. On March 5, 1861, he wedded Miss Louisa 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
669 
 
E. Barren, who died Sept. 24, 1873, leaving four children, namely: 
 
Leslie, bom Feb. 22, 1862; Tommie, born Nov. 5, 1863, and now 
 
the w:i6s of Charles Gray; Judson Sapp, born Aug. 17, 1866; and 
 
Minas: ;Munuer, born March 30, 1868. All are resident of Waynes- 
 
boro Except Minas H., who resides in Harlem, Columbia county. 
 
Ift\3ct.a&er, 1875, Mr. McElmurray was united in marriage to Miss 
 
Mat}-:Oiandler, who was born in Burke county, Feb. 22, 1855, be- 
 
:Mg-:::a;:::<!a.ughter of William; and Jane (Darling) Chandler, repre- 
 
:seniafees of::bld and: prominent families.of Georgia. In conclusion 
 
is ;(ji:i*|rM!:l>rief :recSM; :.eOR6erning::the nine children of the second 
 
niar:fl^g:B:^^^M:ar5^:.^:vO>ai;sei borri Feb. :S7j 1877, is the wife of Forrest 
 
Close !;!^eMSSsve; te^ 
 
7, 1880; Emily Jane, 
 
born A%.g| );;:i:S83::<i5;ei!!eW^l,:J8iS:i; Edmund Burke, born Feb. 
 
9, 1885, died Nov. 3, 188%;Sarah Asme, born Dec. 19, 1887; Henry 
 
Grady and Evan Howall, twins, born Jan. 30, 1890; Joseph Hamil 
 
ton, born Dec. 6, 1891; and Ruth Whitehead, born April 3, 1894. 
 
The younger children remain with their widowed mother, and the 
 
family is prominent in the social life of the community. 
 
McElreath, Walter, is numbered among 
 
the representative members of the Geor 
 
gia bar and is successfully established 
 
in the practice of his profession in the 
 
city of Atlanta. He was born at Lost 
 
Mountain, Cobb county, Ga., July 17, 
 
1867, and is a son of William A. and 
 
Jane (McEachern) McElreath, both of 
 
whom were likewise born at Lost Moun 
 
tain. The McElreaths, or Mcllraths, 
 
are a very ancient Scottish family, hav 
 
ing lived in Galloway from the earliest 
 
days of Scotch history until the time of 
 
the Covenanters, when most of the family migrated to County An 
 
trim, Ireland, after having furnished several martyrs to the cause 
 
of the Covenanters. About the close of the eighteenth century 
 
Michael McElreath, great-grandfather of the subject of this sketch, 
 
came to America and settled in Spartanburg county, S. C. In the 
 
year 1828, immediately upon the removal of the Creek Indians 
 
from Western Georgia he removed from South Carolina to Geor 
 
gia and located where the town of Winston, Douglas county, now 
 
stands. A few years later, after the removal of the Cherokees 
 
from northern Georgia, his son John, grandather of the subject 
 
of this sketch, settled on the old McElreath homestead at Lost 
 
 670 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
: 
 
Mountain, Cobb county, where -members of the family still reside,: the identification of the name with the history of western and: northern Georgia having been continued from the time of the In*: dians to the present. The maternal ancestors of Mr. McElreatfc; were the McEacherns and McKinleys, Scotch people who settled;; in the community around the old Rock River church, in North:: Carolina. An interesting and unsual condition, as designating the:: purity of the Scotch-Irish ancestry of Mr. McElreath, is that for: ; a period of more than a century he has had no ancestor, in either: the paternal or maternal line, whose family name did not have the: : Scotch prefix of "Me", :save in the case of his maternal grand-; mother, whose name was White but who was of Scotch genealogy,: William A. McElreath; was a valiant soldier of the Confederacy L throughout the Civil war, having enlisted in 1861 as a private irt: Company D, Seventh Georgia volunteer infantry, and took part in many of the most important engagements of the great conflict,; from first Manassas to Appomattox. Walter McElreath, the im--: mediate subject of this review, was afforded the advantages of the;: common, schools of his; native county, after which he continued : his studies in Washington & Lee university at Lexington, Va. He; then took up the study of law, being admitted to the bar at Mari etta, Ga., in November, 1894. In January of the following year he engaged in the practice of his profession in Atlanta, where he has given his undivided attention to his work as a lawyer, having built up an excellent general practice, devoting himself, however,, almost exclusively to civil practice and making a specialty of cor poration law. He is known as a man of broad general culture, a close student of the law, a forceful advocate and a successful prac titioner. In politics he has always accorded an unwavering al legiance to the Democratic party, but has taken an interest in political affairs only from the standpoint of a public-spirited citi zen. He has filled the office of president of the Young Men's Democratic league of Fulton county, but has never sought or held public office, considering his profession worthy of his best thought and his full attention. He and his wife are members of Grace Methodist Episcopal church, South, and he is a member of its board of stewards. On Nov. 26, 1896, Mr. McElreath was united in marriage to Miss Bessie Anderson, daughter of Hon. Charles H. and Martha (Summers) Anderson, of Powder Springs, Ga. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
671 
 
: McGehee, Charles C., manager of the 
southern department of the Home Life 
Insurance Company, of New York, has 
his headquarters in the city of Atlanta, is-one of the prominent business men of 
the city, and is a representative of one 
b the old and honored families of Geor 
He was born in Columbus, Musco- 
.Ga.., on Oct. 22, 1870, a son 
&r C. and Josephine (Gar- 
the former of whom was 
county, Ala., and the 
n, Stewart county, Ga. 
s Edward McGehee, who 
:. Revolution. The original 
American progenitor wa;S:WSoma:;;iScGregor or Mack Gehee, who changed his patroiiy;ffiie:-:l|j:ithe: ; :!atir form on fleeing from Scot land to America, in the ::pter:::ixirfe: of the seventeenth century. The clan McGregor had; bfa outlawed in Scotland during the reign of Charles II, of Englahd;Isiid the name was proscribed on this ac count, the annals of Scaijasd recounting the deeds of the sturdy patriots of this famous elan. This: Thomas McGregor, or Mack Gehee, was born near E<Seh -Katrine, Scotland, and upon coming to America he settled in Xirig "Wiffiam county, Va., where his last will and testament was probated iiri July, 1724. Representatives of the family removed to Prince .Edward county, Va., where in 1796, was born Isaac McGehee, grandfather of the subject of this sketch. During the year: 1801 the family removed from the Old Dominion to Georgia and: settled on the Broad river, where they were extensive tobacco planters in that and succeeding genera tions. Christopher C. McGehee gave loyal service to the Confed erate cause during the war between the states, having first en listed as a private in the City Light Guards of Columbus, Ga., which company was promptly sent to the coast of Virginia near Norfolk. He spent about a year in Virginia and then returned to Columbus, where he was for some time connected with the naval iron works, operated in the interest of the Confederate govern ment. Later he served two years in the army in Virginia, rose to the rank of captain, took part in a large number of engagements, and in one battle received a severe wound, being struck with a fragment of shell. He was identified with the cause of the south during the entire period of the war. Mr. McGehee is now living 
 
 672 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
in Atlanta, where he gives his entire attention to the management of his property. Charles C. McGehee was graduated in the Uni versity of Georgia as a member of the class of 1887, with the de gree of Bachelor of Philosophy,and two years later, in 1889, before he was nineteen years old, he was graduated in Harvard univer sity, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Soon after leaving the latter university he became identified with the insurance business, .and eleven years of his early business career were marked by his association with the Atlanta Home Insurance Company as special agent and later as assistant secretary. Since 1901 he has been associated with the Home Life Insurance Company of New York as manager of its southern department, embracing the states of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana. At the time of this writing (1905) the Atlanta office is the largest producing office maintained by the company in the entire Union. That the efforts of Mr. McGehee have been exceptionally able and discriminating is evident when reversion is had to the fact that when he assumed Iris present position the. Atlanta general office held only eighth place. Mr. McGehee has never sought political preferment. Both he and his wife are members of St. Marks Methodist church, prior to which he was for many years a member of the First Methodist Episcopal church South, of which he served as steward for four years. He is identified with the Calumet and Harvard clubs, of New York city; the Virginia Historical Society; and the Capital City and Piedmond Driving clubs, of Atlanta. On Nov. 16, 1892, Mr. McGehee was united in marriage to Miss Pattie McClung, daughter of Matthew and Julia (Anderson) McClung, of Knoxville, Tenn. She died on Sept. 4, 1897, and is survived by her only child, Pattie McClung McGehee, who was born on the 18th of the preceding month. On Oct. 22, 1903, Mr. McGehee wedded Miss Vera Hatcher, daughter of Benjamin T. and Martha (Estes) Hatcher, of Columbus, Ga. 
McGillivray, Alexander,--In 1735 a Scotchman named Lachlan "McGillivray came to this country and engaged in business as an Indian trade. He wooed and won a Creek maiden, named Sehoy, and Alexander was a son of this marriage. In boyhood he was sent by his father to New York, where he received a good educa tion. At the age of seventeen he returned to Georgia and became a clerk in the counting house of Samuel Elbert at Savannah. At the beginning of the Revolution he was influenced to take sides with the British, and during the war was frequently associated with the notorious Daniel McGirth. After the war he lived among 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
673 
 
the Creeks; over whom he acquired considerable influence, becom ing one of their most. noted chiefs. In 1784 he made a treaty of alliance with the Spaniards in Florida and for many years fought agamst: the relinquishment of the Creek title to lands in Georgia, exce|>::on iiis own terms. After he went to New York and negotia;t<3J:& secret treaty with Washington and Henry Knox his popularit|;:*ith the Indians began to wane. He died on Feb. 17, 1793. :;:::::::!M(3irth, Daniel,: -was a ^native of South Carolina who deserted : tfee::::::||jfipea!i::SaHse::;e;arly::: in the Revolution and became one of 
of :i;he "patriotic residents of Geor- 
 
ii: soleSer> was born at Edinburg, Scotland, May!;:iS, 1SS1: ; ; In: IMS he: came witk his parents to America, the famUy : :| settling in:: Savannah. : Subsequently Peter removed to Thomasville, where he was living at. :the commencement of the Civil war. In August, 1861, he enlisted as a private in the Twentyninth Georgia infantry and served for a time along the coast. On March 11, 1862, he was commissioned first lieutenant of Company E, Fiftieth Georgia, which was soon afterward ordered to Vir ginia, arriving at Richmond to participate in the Seven Days' bat tles. On October 1, 1862, McGlashan was promoted to captain; led hjs company through the Fredericksburg campaign ; was made major in February, 1863, and lieutenant-colonel in the following July. After the battle of: Gettysburg the regiment was ordered back to Georgia and arrived at Chickamauga just at the close of the battle. Here he was promoted to colonel and commanded his regiment in the storming of Fort Sanders at Knoxville, Tenn. His regiment was again ordered to Virginia, where it fought in the bat tles of the Wilderness, at Spottsylvania, C. H., the second Cold Harbor, Deep Bottom, and in a number of minor engagements. At Cedar Creek he was severely wounded but soon rejoined his command. He was captured at Sailor's creek and held a prisoner at Johnson's island until August 25, 1865, when he was released on parole. Just before the fall of Richmond President Davis signed a commission making Col. McGlashan a brigadier-general, and it is said that this was the last commission he ever signed. After the war General McGlashan took up his residence in Savannah and engaged in business there. 
McGregor, a post-village of Montgomery county, is located on the Seaboard Air Line railway, about half-way between Vidalia and Mount Vernon, and in 1900 reported a population of 64. It 
43--11 
 
 674 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
is a trading center for the neighborhood and has some shipping 
 
interests. 
 
; 
 
McHenry, called by railroad men McDaniel's Station, a post- 
 
village of Gordon county, is on the Western & Atlantic railroad, : 
 
a few miles south of Calhoun. 
 
:;; 
 
Mclntosh, an incorporated town of Liberty county, with a popu- .;; 
 
lation of 200, is located on the Atlantic Coast Line railway, five \\\ 
 
miles northeast of Walthourville. It has a money order postof- i:; 
 
fice, telegraph and express service, some manufacturing and mer- i;- 
 
cantile interests, and is a shipping point of some importance. 
 
;; 
 
Mclntosh County was laid off from Liberty in 1793 and was ;; 
 
named to commemorate the services of the Mclntosh family, who 
 
had been prominent in the history of Georgia from the founding : 
 
of the colony. It lies in the southeastern part of the state, and is : 
 
bounded on the north by Liberty county, on the east by the At 
 
lantic ocean, on the south by Glynn and Wayne counties and on .: 
 
the west by Liberty. The Altamaha and the South Newport 
 
rivers form much of the boundary of the county, while the islands 
 
of Sapelo, Wolf, Doboy, Hinds, Blackbeard, Broughton, Butner's, 
 
Wright's and Patterson's skirt the coast, being separated from the 
 
mainland and from each other by inlets. These islands are much 
 
resorted to by hunters and fishermen. Along the Altamaha rice 
 
and sugar-cane are the principal productions. Corn, oats, Irish 
 
and sweet potatoes and sea-island cotton are raised in other parts 
 
of the county. There are still many forests and lumber, rosin and 
 
turpentine are exported in large quantities from Darien, the county 
 
seat. The Darien & Western and the Seaboard Air Line railroads, 
 
the Altamaha river and the Atlantic ocean give exceptionally fine 
 
facilities for transportation. In 1900, Darien shipped 1,000 bar 
 
rels of rosin. The population in that year was 6,537, an increase 
 
of 67 in ten years. Mrs. Ann Mclntosh died at Cedar Point, Mc 
 
lntosh county, in 1833. Her parents came to this country with 
 
Oglethorpe. She was born at Darien, where Oglethorpe had a 
 
military post, and lived for one hundred years within ten miles of 
 
the place. 
 
Mclntosh, Henry M., editor and publisher of The Albany Daily 
 
Herald, is a native Georgian, born of sturdy Scottish parents in 
 
Old Boston, Thomas county, Ga., Jan. 19, 1852. His early years 
 
were passed in the quiet but prosperous county of Brooks, where 
 
he laid the foundation for his useful and honorable career as editor, 
 
by availing himself of the advantages afforded by the excellent 
 
schools of Ouitman. His honored father, Roderick Mclntosh, died 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
675 
 
in 1859, respected and lamented by all who knew him, leaving the care of a large family of children to the beloved mother, Bathsheba (McMHlan) Mclntosh, who faithfully met the responsibilities of 
widowhood in the trying times of the Civil war. At sixteen years of age Henry concluded his studies at school and en gaged in business. Taking up the print er's trade, while yet in his teens, he developed a taste for that vocation which |ss;s: shaped: his destiny and enriched the 
: with his sound judgment and :sense. In January, 1873, Mr. : was united in marriage to Miss ii|x;:a|e N^lfjltite, daughter .of John and : :Martha i^nderson) White, of Oxford, 0a.: Their:: union has been blessed by one child, Henry T. Ivlfclntosh, who was born June 17, 1874. At the age of twenty Mr. :McIntosh purchased the Quitman Ban ner, and entered upon the :duties of its management with an abil ity and vigor that culminated in lasting benefits to the community, and endeared him to the best people by his courageous and able advocacy of the country's highest and best interests. In 1876 Mr. Mclntosh was on the editorial staff of The Savannah Morning News, and was selected by ;;the management to represent that jour nal in Florida, as staff correspondent, during the stirring times when political events made that state, the cynosure of all eyes. Henry W. Grady, representing the Atlanta Constitution, was closely associated with Mr. Mclntosh and a friendship was en gendered that endured to Mr. Grady's death. In 1877 Mr. Mclntosh removed to Albany to assume the editorial and practical man agement of the Albany Advertiser. After a short time he pur chased the plant and business, consolidated the same with the Al bany News under the name of the News and Advertiser, and be gan his career in Albany, with an ever widening scope of whole some influence and practical usefulness. When elected mayor of the city of Albany in 1869, he sold his interest in the News and Advertiser, and devoted himself to the duties of his exalted office, which he filled with credit to himself and satisfaction to the peo ple. He was also called to assume the local management of the Georgia Chautauqua, an educational and moral institution which owes its existence largely to his enlightened encouragement and editorial efforts. After his term of office as mayor closed, the lure 
 
 676 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
of the "Art preservative of all arts" "proved too strong, as it usu-, ally does to those who have long been its devotees, and in 1891 he founded the Albany Daily Herald, which superseded all other local papers and which is recognized as the leading paper.in Southwest Georgia, having a circulation throughout the state and a generous support that is a testimony of the high appreciation in which it is held. Through its columns in forceful style Mr. Mclntosh im- ; presses his personality in conserving the interests of the people. No city of Georgia has an abler exponent, and no journal of the state is more assiduous in fostering every interest of its city and; section. The widespread influence of the campaign for "Hog, Hominy and Hay", that so blessed the state and south, owed its impulse to the excellent judgment and spirited style of Henry Me- : Intosh. Mr. Mclntosh is not a politician, but a patriot. In 1882-3 he represented Dougherty county in the state legislature, this be- : ing the only distinctively political office for which he has ever ac cepted candidacy, though he is an earnest and effective advocate: for the principles of the Democratic party. He served for years as chairman of the Democratic committee of his county, and also as chairman of the Democratic executive committee of the Second Congressional district. He is a Master Mason, a member of the Knights of Pythias, and both he and his wife hold membership in the Presbyterian church. An able editor, a loyal friend and courtly gentleman--such is the estimate in which Henry Mclntosh is held by his contemporaries. 
Mclntosh, Lachlan, soldier, was born near Inverness, Scotland, March 17, 1725. His father, who was one of the leaders of the Mclntosh clan, joined General Oglethorpe in 1736 and with about one hundred Highlanders came to Georgia, founding a settlement in what is now Mclntosh county. When Lachlan was old enough he went to Charleston, S. C, where he entered the counting room of Henry Laurens. A few years later he became dissatisfied with the prospects of a mercantile life and took up the work of land sur veying. In this line of work he returned to Georgia, where he married and soon acquired enough property to be considered inde pendent. At the commencement of the Revolution he raised a regiment and was appointed brigadier-general. Some differences of opinion arose between him and Governor Gwinnett, and as soon as the latter retired from office he challenged Mclntosh to a duel. In the encounter both were wounded and Gwinnett died. Wash ington had confidence in General Mclntosh's ability and asked him to undertake the work of defending the frontier settlers of Vir- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
677 
 
ginia aisd Pennsylvania against the Indians. Mclntosh accepted and.-was'preparing for an expedition against Detroit, when he was ordereii; :to the aid of Count D'Estaing in the attack on Savannah. Aife.itfc failure of this undertaking he joined forces with Genefsl;;kisc9ln and fejl back to Charleston to defend that city against th;e;:;Bj-Msh forces under Sir Henry Clinton. When the city 
Jated he; was taken prisoner and held in captivity for some released;;;;lie returned to Georgia to find that .-aH) ;b;een wasted by the war, and he lived ; Feb. 20, 1806. Murdoch, M. D., ; is one : of the able and fepj-esaiitatives of his profession :;ia::tliat:seeS !o| the: ;state, where he has ;-jKaj$e:;:;hss;thorns' during practically the : mtlre;: course ;ol his life thus far. He : :was ;;ibprn:;:3t^;GiiSgow, Thomas county, ; Sal ;^ov.;;M^ 1853, a son of John Ander^sosii: and :^Matilda Septima (Sandwich) Melntosh,; the former born in Alabama, Jul|?.:-;;27,v.l819, and the latter in Lincolft county, Ga., June 20, 1826. John A. Meintosh was a merchant and planter 
and the following estimate of; his character has been given by one who knew him well: "He was a man of stern integrity, strong will, absolute sobriety, great energy and unfailing kindness of heart, being also very careful as to his personal associates and those of his children. Finding his property swept away at the close of the Civil war and being involved in debt besides, he yet refused to go into bankruptcy, though urged by his friends to do so, and by the aid of his son he succeeded in discharging every obligation." He was a son of Murdoch Mclntosh, who removed from North Carolina to Alabama, where he remained for a short interval, within which he married Miss Katherine McMillan, of that state. Shortly afterward, about the year 1833, they came to Georgia and located in Thomas county, where he and his wife passed the remainder of their lives. The name is a familiar one in North Carolina, whither the original representatives of the fam ily came direct from Scotland, in the colonial days. On the ma ternal side Doctor Mclntosh clearly traces his lineage to the nobil ity of England. His mother was a woman of culture and gracious presence, being widely read and having a distinctive individuality. 
 
 678 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
She was a daughter of Dr. Thomas'Sandwich, whose Georgia home was at Lincolnton, Lincoln county. He was born, however, near Windsor Castle, England, in 1785, and his parents came from Eng land to America in 1791, first settling in Augusta, Ga. The fam ily was one of great wealth and of high standing in England, and the Sandwich coat-of-arms is preserved by Doctor Mclntosh, the device bearing the image of an eagle. It is retained on heirlooms still held by various branches of the family, and has been utilized as a private seal. In his boyhood Doctor Mclntosh was small of stature but of athletic frame. Among his early predilections were developed a fondness for books and a love for horses and neither of these has he outgrown in later years. His appreciation of good books has made his professional and scientific reading a pleasure and has also led him into broader fields of history, philosophy and general literature. His love for horses still finds expression in his raising of the high-grade trotters which he utilizes in his profes sional work. Until he was thirteen years of age his time was divided between the country schools and the work and pleasures of the homestead plantation, during and after the stirring days of the war between the states. In 1866 he entered Jefferson acad emy, at Monticello, Fla., where he continued his studies until 1869, inclusive. The failure of his father's health and the consequent decline in the latter's business interests, deprived the youth of the college course which his father had planned for him. Doctor McIntosh's maternal grandfather and one of his father's brothers were physicians. His father also had another brother, who was not a professional man but who possessed a scientific and medical trend of mind. This uncle was very fond of the subject of this sketch and his influence and persuasion, together with his own natural inclination, led the doctor to adopt the medical profession as his life work, though he fully realized its exactions and the self-abne gating toil involved. Accordingly he was matriculated in the At lanta .medical college, in which he was graduated in 1875 at the head of his.class. He was invited by Doctor Westmoreland, a prominent physician of Atlanta, to remain in the latter's office, but this overture he declined and, returning to Thomasville, began the practice of medicine among his own people. He was successful from the beginning. At the inception of his professional career he said to a friend: "I am going to establish a reputation as a physician if I do not make a cent in ten years." The faithful, de termined effort thus suggested has brought to him both reputation and remuneration. Not a little of his early work was gratuitous, 
 
 i:|:::::: ; : !;;;;;;:;; 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
679 
 
but even this is bearing fruit, in the grateful patronage of those 
 
whose parents he attended thirty years ago. From time to time 
 
he ;lias availed himself of; special means of amplifying his knowl- 
 
edjpiiaiid skill, by attending such well known institutions as the 
 
New^tirk post-gra<iaa.:te medical school and the Philadelphia poly- 
 
:&t3|e;::and the year ISM; he passed in Europe, largely in special 
 
:work its^tlieiliosiatals of Berlin and Vienna. He is fre- 
 
calie<l; : intg;;;<;osT;5B!:t;atiGH :by other leading physicians of 
 
:s;;tSose;:;<3f Fkjraife, especially in difficult surgical 
 
^ 
 
Wz has made frequent contribu- 
 
^^ 
 
surgical subjects, 
 
ile^^witfe tlis; :Mediieal: Association of Georgia from 
 
;o|; ;ii;is :gfadiia|i^Ej;:;nt!3::;i&08s:: when that body, of which 
 
he :lisad sc:t^e3;asH:yice-|SEeg33eBtj;;roa3e in its constitution radical 
 
changes of which he disd^oiH-ajstsrosie, and he accordingly withdrew 
 
from membership.:;-Apart from his professional work his interest 
 
in the progress and well being of his own community has been in- 
 
sistent and helpful. He : has served for a number of years as a 
 
member of the board of education of Thomasville, and is presi- 
 
dent of that body at the present time. He is a trustee of the At- 
 
lanta school of medicine and vice-president of the board of trustees 
 
of Young's Female college, of Thomasville, which dates its foun- 
 
dation back to 1873. Of his connection with this institution, which 
 
is now in a flourishing condition, the Thomasville Daily Times- 
 
Enterprise spoke as follows, under date of Oct. 18, 1902: "Every 
 
citizen will be glad to learn that Young's female college will be 
 
reopened. This has been effected largely through the persistent 
 
efforts of Dr. T. M. 'Mclntosh, one of the trustees. He has worked 
 
in season and out of season and is to be congratulated that his 
 
offer to the Macon Presbytery, in behalf of the trustees, has been 
 
accepted." Doctor Mclntosh is vice-president of the Citizens' 
 
Banking and Trust Company, of Thomasville. He has also been 
 
president of the Thomasville library association, and during his 
 
administration he relieved that institution of a considerable debt, 
 
contracted in the construction of the library building. In 1899 he 
 
established, at his own expense, a private surgical hospital in 
 
Thomasville, which institution is still in operation and exercising 
 
beneficent functions. Within the administration of Governor At- 
 
kinson that executive appointed Doctor Mclntosh physician to the 
 
state penitentiary, but, finding the duties uncongenial, he resigned 
 
after an incumbency of four months and resumed his practice at 
 
Thomasville. Later he was tendered the position of surgeon in 
 
 680 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
chief of the First Georgia regiment of volunteers in the SpanishAmerican war. This he declined. Governor Atkinson was ac customed to confer freely with the doctor relative to matters in his part of the state. At the time when the convict-lease system was engaging the attention of the people of the state, Doctor McIntosh took a strong stand, in the local and state press, in favor of the lease system. His fraternal affiliations are with the Masons and Elks. He is broad and tolerant in his views, having the deep est reverence for the spiritual verities but not being connected with any church. He has never married. It is his intention to leave his property to a prominent Georgia institution for orphan chil dren, first giving a life interest to his only sister and only brother, both of whom have never married, of enough of his estate to pro vide for them during their lifetimes. Doctor Mclntosh attributes his success in life to the literary tastes of his mother; to the per sonal example of his father; to the strong love and ambition of both for their children; to the high standards they erected for the guidance of their children and up to which they themselves ever lived. To the young he says: "Erect lofty ideals; find the truth and stand by it; never compromise a principle; don't drink, smoke or chew; work hard all the time." The advice denotes the man as he stands today among his fellow men. In politics he gives his allegiance to the Democratic party, but he has never sought or held political office. 
Mclntyre, a town of Wilkinson county, is on the Central of Georgia railroad, about two miles north of Irwinton. It has a money order postoffice, with a number of free delivery routes emanating from it, express and telegraph service, mercantile and shipping interests, and in 1900 reported a population of 101. 
Mclntyre, Archibald Thompson, was born in Twiggs county in 1832. He attended the Thomasville academy, studied law at Monticello, Fla., and Macon; was elected member of the legislature in 1849; delegate to the state constitutional convention in 1865. and representative in Congress on the Democratic ticket in 1870. He served but one term. At the time of his death he was one of the trustees of the University of Georgia. 
McKee, a post-hamlet of Dawson county, is about five miles north of Dawsonville. Jasper, on the Atlanta, Knoxville & North ern, is the nearest railroad station. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
681 
 
McKee, Hugh L., the efficient and :popular cashier of the Atlanta postof:fice,,was born in Conecuh county, Ala., .;.Feb. 14, 1865, and in 1872 his parents reAmoved thence to a place near Pensacola, IMa., where he was reared to the age of ^fourteen years, being afforded the ad;i; vantages. :of the schools of Milton, that ;:;s;j;ite.:: :He then came to Atlanta and en|tgred;;ths'-;.erflploy of: S. M. Inman & Co., Imth; wi;Kini :: he remained six months, at ::!tl}; expiration ,of which he secured the ^position;; of clerk and ^collector in the At lanta :Natk>sal bank, :W:)th;:;whicli Institution he continued to be identified about fifteen :years, within which he was/advanced; to the office of paying teller. He finally resigned to engage in the realestate and loan business, to which he gave his attention until 1904, when he assumed his present position, in which his service has been most acceptable to the postoffice officials and the general public. Mr. McKee is well known in the capital city and his circle of friends is circumscribed only by that of his acquaintances. He has attained to the thirty-second degree of Scottish Rite Masonry and is an appreciative member of the various bodies of the time-honored fraternity. He is treasurer of Georgia Lodge, No. 96, Free and Accepted Masons; is a member of the finance committee of .the Georgia consistory of the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite; and of Tarab Temple, Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He holds membership in the Capital City club and the Piedmont Driving club, and his political support is given to the Republican party. He recently declined an appointment in the consular service to Germany. McKenzie, Charles F., of the firm of J. H. McKenzie's Sons, con tractors and brick manufacturers of Augusta, was born in that city, Dec. 6, 1866, a son of John H. and Elvira (Parker) McKenzie, the former born in Edgefield county, S. C., in 1839, and the latter in Lincoln county, Ga., in 1843. John H. McKenzie removed from his native state to Augusta in the early 50's, and for fully two score years he was one of the leading contractors of this city, his death occurring April 22, 1904. His widow still re tains her home in Augusta, as do also the three surviving children-- Laura J., Charles F. and John H., Jr. The daughter is now the wife of M. L. Johnson. Charles F. McKenzie was accorded the ad- 
 
 682 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
vantages of the public schools and Richmond academy in his native city, where he also completed a course in Osborn's business college. He was reared to the line of business in which he is now engaged, 
having been trained under the direction of his honored father, with whose busi ness he became connected while still : ;g. boy. He learned the trade of; bricfc:; mason and plasterer before he wa;; sev<;?-F. teen years of age. In 1890 his father air. mitted him to partnership, under the firm name of J. H. McKenzie & Son, and still later, upon the admission of the younger son to partnership, -the title was changed to J. H. McKenzie & Sons, thus contin uing until the death of the father, when the present title was adopted, the two sons continuing the enterprise founded by their father so many years ago. For the past twelve years the firm has occupied the first and second floors at 463 Broad street for offices and drafting rooms. In 1901, in connection with, his contracting business, John H. McKenzie, Sr., also engaged in the manufacturing of brick, under the name of the McKenzie Brick Company, of which he became president and Charles F. secretary and treasurer. Upon the death of the father Charles F. was made president of the company, which position he now holds, his brother being associated with him in the business. The plant of the brick company has a capacity of 60,000 brick a day. The company is incorporated under the laws of the state, and the interested principals in the same are the two McKenzie brothers and their mother. Charles F. is a member of the American public works association and the Augusta builders' exchange. He is also a member of the executive committee of the Georgia-Carolina brick association; is identified with the Augusta commercial club; is a member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has taken the commandery degree; a member of the Mystic Shrine, the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He was for two years a member of the Clark Light Infantry and for six years a member of the Clinch Rifles. His political allegiance is given to the Democratic party. On Feb. 18, 1890, Mr. McKenzie was united in marriage to Miss Dora Jentzen, of Atlanta, Ga., and they have three children, namely: Myrtis N., born Oct. 15, 1892; Charles F., Jr., born July 34, 1894; and Dora, born March 8, 1896. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
683 
 
McKenzie, John H., a member of the firm of John H. McKenzie's Sons, repre: sentative brick manufacturers of Augus ts, was born in that city, Nov. 19, 1871, i'&jiid is a son of John H. McKenzie, Sr., :MllO was long a leading business man of :tMg city, where he died in April, 1904. IsFgrther;: data concerning this honored ::Slt;:Kea^;iMS family and business relations :::a:re:: gives::Jo: the sketch:.of his elder son, :::O^;irIBS : :|:'>< which preessles this, a.nd in :::wiildiH ; toSaeetion also ia:: given detailed ::;5:s|&i-iBStj<aj ^concerning the business of iji::II:i::M:|&2ji2!:e;:S :IoilSx iohn H., Jr., secured his : ^isciglias; Hi; tise^AagMta public schools and R,ich: after w:Saiii(::he:tQe>k:;a::eourse in Osborn's business college, in which he;; was ^ni<luaie<l: ; In the meanwhile, when about fifteen years of age^he-iisd: began to associate himself with his father's business operaifefes,: learning the business in its every de tail, including brick making, brick laying, plastering and con tracting, and in 1902 he became a member of the firm of J. H. Mc Kenzie & Sons. Since the-cieath of the honored father the manufac turing and contracting business has; been continued under the title of J. H. McKenzie's Sons, the subject of this sketch having the personal charge and supervision of the brick works of the firm, located about two miles: distant ifrom Augusta, and also being superintendent of the McKenzie plantation, of 868 acres, eleven miles from the city. He is an able and energetic young business man and is well upholding the high prestige of the name which he bears. Mr. McKenzie is a stanch Democrat, a member of the Christian church, is identified with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and was formerly a non-commissioned officer in the Clinch Rifles. On June 28, 1891, he married Miss Addie Inez Brown, daughter of John T. Brown, of Windsor, S. C. They have no children. McKinnon, a post-village of Wayne county, is located on the Atlantic Coast Line railway, about six miles north of Hortense. It is one of the new towns of that section, as no report of popula tion was made in 1900. 
 
 684 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
1 ^i-^ 
 
McLaughlin, Benjamin Franklin, Isii 
 
: : :|:::;:;:|||:|:||:::;; 
 
one of the prominent; aBcl;- successlu!; 
 
:;::::;::::::||:;:||;:|||;::|||; :::, members of the bar of M;etwtiler: coua-; 
 
ty, being established in practise at ;Green- 
 
yilfe, the county seat. He;His ; slso; gat- 
 
mayor of the city and an ex-member ;:of: 
 
the state legislature. He was born ;!M 
 
Mountville, Troup county, Gs.,: Jan. l:Sj/ 
 
1846 ; and is a son of Josiah ;'Ei ;aM:;Mary 
 
A. (Jordan) McLauglin, the; fbfmer ;of 
 
whom was born in Wilkes county, Ga., 
 
March 12, 1812, and the latter iii Ogle- 
 
thorpe county, in 1823. The father was 
 
of Scotch-Irish lineage and the mother of English extraction. Ben-, 
 
jamin F. McLaughlin secured his academic education in the com 
 
mon schools of Meriwether county and the Union Springs high 
 
school. He was a lad of fifteen years at the inception of the Civil 
 
war, but in September, 1863, he gave distinctive evidence of his loy 
 
alty to the Confederate cause by enlisting as a private in Company 
 
A, of the cavalry divisions of the state troops, serving six months 
 
in northern Georgia and then being detailed to the quartermaster's 
 
department, in which he continued until the close of the war, at 
 
taining to the rank of orderly sergeant. After the war he took up 
 
the study of law, under effective preceptorship, and in February, 
 
1874, was admitted to the bar. He has since been engaged in the 
 
active practice of his profession, in which he has gained marked 
 
success, controlling a large and representative business in Meri 
 
wether and adjoining counties. He is a stalwart supporter of the 
 
principles of the Democracy; represented his county in the state 
 
legislature from 1896 to 1899, and served two terms as mayor of 
 
Greenville. He is a member of the Georgia bar association and is 
 
affiliated with the Masonic fraternity and the Knights of Pythias. 
 
Both he and his wife are members of the Methodist church. On 
 
Jan. 28, 1869, Mr. McLaughlin was united in marriage to Miss 
 
Eliza E. Hamby, daughter of Jonathan and Alethia (Hudson) 
 
Hamby, of Meriwether county, and of the children of this union 
 
all are living except one daughter, who died at the age of three 
 
years; and another who died in young womanhood. Ada is the 
 
wife of Judge W. R. Jones; Mary is the wife of Henry H. Revill; 
 
Lillian became the wife of Joseph McGehee and both are now 
 
deceased; Benjamin R. married Miss Mittie Moss; Evelyn is the 
 
 ! 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
685 
 
wife of JV.Q.. McGehee; and Charles Franklin and J. Irby are unmarrie'd.  ; i>0uis H. married Miss Nanna Keith. ; McI^avsfSj: ;;Maj.-Gen. LaEayette, was born at Augusta, Ga. Jan. 15, : ;-.l-iS|l. ; He was prepared for college in the city schools and elitema the university of Virginia in 1837. Before the conclusion :sf;::8|gsfirst year he received notification of his appointment to a ::::eiiicig|sSip at West Point, and accordingly, in 1838, he entered the H-HftJissd States military academy, where he was graduated four : years later. His first experience in army life was on the frontier. : Then came the Mexican war. Before the actual opening of hos tilities he was sent to the Texas frontier to; join the army of Gen eral Taylor and was present at the ^occupation of Corpus Christi. When Taylor was on the march to l-'oint Isabel and back, and while he was fighting the battles of Palo ; Alto and Resaca de la Palma, .the young lieutenant was assisting in the defense of Fort Brown (May 3-9, 1846). He was:also engaged at the battle of Monterey and at Vera Cruz, after which on account of failing health, he was sent to the United States on recruiting duty. In the last year of the war he was employed in convoying trains to the city of Mexico. He was afterward on frontier duty; was in the Utah expedition of 1858; was engaged in escorting Mormons to California and in pro tecting emigrants. In 1851 he was commissioned captain of infan try, which rank he held when the great Civil war began. Upon the secession of Georgia, Captain McLaws resigned and offered his services to his state. He was gladly accepted and was immediately appointed major, C. S. A. May 10, 1861. In June, 1861 he was com missioned colonel of the Tenth Georgia regiment, and on Sept. 25, 1861, was promoted to brigadier-general. His bravery and ex cellent ability in the discipline and leadership of soldiers soon won the esteem of his superior officers. This was especially noticeable at Lee's Mill, on the retreat from Yorktown to Richmond, and at the battle of Williamsburg. Accordingly, on May 22, 1862, he was promoted to major-general- in the provisional army of the Confed erate States. He proved that the honor conferred upon him was well deserved by the manner in which he led his division in the bat tles of Savage Station and Malvern Hill. After the retreat of the Union army from the Virginia peninsula, his division was left in observation of the movements of the Federals about Harrison's landing, while Lee, with the main body of the Confederate army, was on the march to "bowl over Pope." As soon as it was certain that the Union forces had all been withdrawn to the defense of Washington, McLaws led his division to rejoin the army of North- 
 
 686 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
:;:!! 
 
ern Virginia, then on the march into Maryland. He had the hardest part of the work to do at the capture of Harper's Ferry and Mary-; land Heights, being for the time under the command of Stonewall Jackson. After the fall of Harper's Ferry, he marched for Sharps-; burg, and reached the field just as Jackson and Hood were being forced back before the overwhelming strength of the enemy;; Throwing his division immediately to the front, and reinforced soon after by John G. Walker's division, the repulse of the Federals on the Confederate left was made complete. At Fredericks? burg, one of his brigades (Barksdale's Mississippians) kept the Federal army from crossing the Rappahannock until Lee was ready for them to come, and it was his division that made the magnificent defense of Marye's hill. At Chancellorsville, he formed the right wing of the Confederate army, and when Sedg wick, having succeeded in running over Maye's heights, was ad* vancing upon Lee's rear, McLaws defeated him at Salem church and forced him to recross the Rappahannock. At Gettysburg his division assailed and drove back Sickles in the second day's fight. He and his troops went with Longstreet to Georgia in September, 1863, and participated in the Knoxville campaign. Against his own judgment he made the assault on Fort Sanders by Longstreet's order and desisted from the attack when he found success impos sible. Longstreet made complaint against him, but his conduct was justified by the court martial. In 1864, being placed in com mand of the district of Georgia, he opposed Sherman's march through the state as well as possible with the limited means at his command. He commanded a division under Hardee at the battle of Ayerasboro, March 16, 1865, and was afterward sent back to re* sume command of the district of Georgia. The surrender of Gen eral Johnston included his command. General McLaws went to Augusta and entered the insurance business. In 1875 he was appointed collector of internal revenues at Savannah, afterward postmaster, and later postwarden of the city of. Savannah. He continued to reside in that city until his death in 1898. 
McLemore's Cove, in the valley of Chickamauga creek, is a short distance north of the village of Cedar Grove in Walker county. A skirmish occurred here on Sept. 11, 1863, while the fight at Davis' House was in progress; a reconnaissance was made about the first of April, 1864, by a detachment of Federal troops, and on the 17th of the same month some of Wheeler's cavalry had a slight skirmish with one of the Federal outposts near the place. 
McLeod, a post-village of Emanuel county, is on the Stillmore 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
687 
 
Air Line railroad, about half-way between Stillmore and Swainsboro. It is a trading and, shipping center for that section of the county, and in 1900 reported a population of 44. 
McLeod, Rev. John, a : Scotch Presbyterian minister, was a member of the Dunnegan family, (McLeod of McLeod,) was ordsJaed by the Presbytery; of Edinburgh, Oct. 13, 1735, was ap pointed by the directors;: of the Society in Scotland for the Propa gation of Christian Knowledge,; and came to America as a mis;:si<3asary,: or rather as a ^minister; to: the Scotch Highlanders who 
vien? S Ji<s':;: by tliera: :New Inverness. l^nck: H^J rector of St. Patrick's church, repfeeKimestiimpprfeint Catholic parishes of the city 
of Augttsta.;^asl5orn;;i;::SavaKnalj.;Cia., March 9, 1855, being a son of Capt. James.:J. : and; Bianora iHealy) McMahon, the former of whom was born in Goujnty Meatfe, Ireland in 1828, and the latter in County Limerick, in 1838. Captain McMahon was reared and educated in the city of ^Dublin, where, as a young man, he engaged in the mercantile business. He was a member of what was known as the Young Ireland party, and became secretary of the Dean Swift association. Owing to the political disturbances of 1848 he immigrated to America, landing in the city of Boston, whence he immediately set forth for Savannah, where he engaged in mercan tile pursuits and where he met Miss Honora Healy, to whom he was married in 1852. At the time of the Civil war he rendered valiant service to the Confederacy, as captain of a company in the command of Gen. Joseph Brown and took part in the entire Atlanta campaign. He was captured while on the march between Savannah and Charleston, and "was imprisoned at Hilton Head, S. C., where he was confined until the close of the war. Thereafter he was en gaged in the grocery business in the city of Savannah until the time of his death. For twenty-eight years he was treasurer of the Workingmen's association of Savannah, and was a citizen who com manded the confidence and esteem of all who knew him. He was a member of the Hibernian society; an honorary member of the Irish Jasper Greens, a military organization; a Democrat in his political faith; and both he and his wife were devoted communi cants of the Catholic church. His wife passed away in 1886. They are survived by one son and four daughters. Father Patrick H. McMahon secured his preliminary education in the parochial schools of Savannah, and was graduated in the high school of that city in 1869. Thereafter he continued his studies for six years in the city of Dublin, Ireland. He returned to the United States in 
 
 688 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
; ;;;:;V 
 
1876 and entered St. Mary's university, Baltimore, Md., where :hg::: 
 
completed his theological course, being graduated as a member of ; 
 
the class of 1878. He was ordained to the priesthood on October 
 
9, of that year, at the apostolic hands of Rt. Rev. William H. Gross, 
 
D. D., bishop of Savannah. For the following eighteen months 
 
Father McMahon was assistant priest at Macon, Ga., and had 
 
charge of all the Catholic missions in southwestern Georgia. In 
 
1880 he went to Atlanta and completed the erection of the Church 
 
of Saints Peter and Paul, which is now known as the Church of the 
 
Sacred Heart. He remained as rector of the Church of Saints Peter 
 
and Paul for a period of eight years, at the expiration of which, 
 
in 1886, he was transferred to the charge of St. Patrick's church,; 
 
Savannah, of which he remained rector until November, 1894,: 
 
when he assumed the present pastorate in Augusta, St. Patrick's 
 
being one of the oldest churches and parishes in the diocese of 
 
Savannah, having been founded in 1807. Father McMahon is a 
 
man of ripe scholarship and marked executive ability, while in his 
 
pastoral functions his consecrated zeal proves powerful in further 
 
ing the work of the Master whom he serves. 
 
.,,,,,,, 
 
: McMillan, James W., stands at the 
 
head of the Milledgeville brick works, 
 
one of the largest manufacturing con 
 
cerns of the sort in Georgia. He is one 
 
of the well known and highly esteemed 
 
citizens of the former capital city of the 
 
state, taking the deepest interest in all 
 
that concerns its welfare and being a 
 
public-spirited, progressive and apprecia 
 
tive citizen of the great Empire state of 
 
the South, within whose borders he has 
 
attained distinctive success and to which 
 
he feels that he owes inviolable alle 
 
giance. Mr. McMillan comes of stanch Scottish stock, is a native of 
 
the city of Glasgow, Scotland, where he was born March 6, 1850, 
 
being a son of Neil and Isabella (Wilson) McMillan, both of whom 
 
passed their entire lives in Scotland. The father, who was eighty- 
 
seven years of age at the time of his death, was a successful con 
 
tractor and brick manufacturer of Glasgow, and was the oldest 
 
contractor in his line in Scotland at the time when he was sum 
 
moned from the scene of mortal endeavor. James W. McMillan 
 
was educated in the excellent schools of his native city, where he 
 
also learned the business of contracting and brick making. In 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
689 
 
the spring of 1868, at the age of eighteen years, he came to America, passing the ensuing .summer in the state of Pennsylvania, where he fotuid employment at the. trade of brick mason. In the autumn of &e same year he returned to Scotland, remaining in Glasgow until ;;the following spring;; when he again came to the United States^ with whose attractions and business opportunities he had beeti greatly impressed: Inithe autumn of 1869 he came to Georgia, 
several year:: ;wdffeed :at :the brick-mason's trade in this ;States| ::He ^i^sistex! :in the erection of the origehire^^lgnta^iiiiiHlS^Ojiiin 1872 he established a ;::5:t::M3:d5sbi3:( ; Miorgan county, and for twelve 
eigted! :-w;it&::Ail>e!:t Poster in the operation of this pkK;j : ;: In::lS8;i::he::ciinie; t:-|filfed:ggilje and founded the extensive concern of which he is -MOW: the figad^ the enterprise is being con ducted under the title of t!ie:Milledg:eV:iile brick works. The works have a capacity for the output of more than 17,000,000 brick:an nually, and the product has a reputation for maintaining the high est standard of excellence, ranking with the best in the entire South. Mr. McMillan is;also a stockholder of the Oconee River mills, being a director of the company operating the same, and also being a director of the Cooke Lumber Company. He has unbounded admiration for the city and state of his adoption, and his loyalty to the commonwealth and to its people is of the most un equivocal order. He is aligned as a supporter of the principles and policies of the Democratic party, and takes much interest in local affairs of a public nature, though never a seeker of public office. On Oct. 17, 1872, Mr. McMillan was united in marriage to Miss Hattie Cornette, who was born and reared in the state of Tennessee, and of their twelve children all but one are living, one son, Powell, having died in infancy. The names of the other chil dren are as follows: Robert W., Isabelle, Neil, Hattie, James H., Carrie, Bertha, Katie, Donald, Kenneth and Esther. 
McMillan, Thomas H., has been engaged in business in Savan nah for more than a quarter of a century, as a manufacturer of turpentine stills, and his concern is now one of the most important of the sort in the state, maintaining branches in Jacksonville, Fla., and Mobile, Ala. He was born in Kingsbury, Cumberland county, N. C., March 11, 1855, a son of Ronald and Elizabeth (Boswell) McMillan, both of whom, were born in Bladen county, that state. The father became one of the extensive planters of Cumberland county, and resided in Fayetteville, the county-seat, at the time of his death. His wife is also deceased. The subject of this sketch 
44--11 
 
 690 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
: 
 
was afforded the advantages of the schools of Fayetteville, wherehe was reared to maturity. After leaving school he learned the: trade of sheet-metal worker, became a skilled artisan and in 1875 engaged in business in ; Fayetteville, in company with his two brothers, Daniel G. and Roland, the former of whom is now de ceased, the latter still remaining associated with the business, which is conducted under the name of McMillan Bros. In the year mentioned the firm began the manufacture of turpentine stills and various appurtenances, and in 1879 they came to Savannah, where the same line of enterprise has been continued and where a large and prosperous business has been built up, this city being the headquarters and well established branches being maintained in Jacksonville and Mobile, as already noted. Thomas H. McMillan is unwavering in his allegiance to the Democratic party, and rep resented Chatham county in the state legislature in 1899-1900, making an excellent record in the connection. In 1894-5 he was a member of the city council of Savannah. He and his wife are zeal ous members of the Presbyterian church. He is affiliated with Zerubbabel Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; Georgia Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Palestine Commandery, Knights Templars; Alpha Lodge of Perfection, Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite Mason ry; Alee Temple, Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine; and Savannah Lodge, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. On June 28, 1883, Mr. McMillan was united in marriage to Miss Gertrude A. Bliss, daughter of James S. and Julia C. (Owen) Bliss, of Savannah, and they have four children--Daniel B., Thomas H., Jr., Alice and Raymond H. Daniel B., who was born July 18,. 1883, is now associated with his father in business. 
McNeil, Lawrence, president of the 
Savannah Lighting Company, was born 
on a plantation in Robeson county, N. 
C, Aug. 22, 1849, the son of Lauchlin 
and Mary (McEachern) McNeil, both of 
whom were born in North Carolina, and were representatives of stanch old 
Scotch Presbyterian families of that com 
monwealth. The father was a farmer 
and planter during the major portion of 
his active career. Lawrence McNeil 
was reared on the homestead plantation 
and secured his educational training in the schools of North Carolina. At the age of twenty years he was 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
691 
 
employed in the turpentine business in Beaufort county, S. C., 
 
and two years later he initiated his independent business career 
 
by : engaging in the manufacture of turpentine, with his brother, 
 
Walter McNeil, in which enterprise he was actively concerned for 
 
a period of seventeen years, Twelve years in Beaufort and Hamp 
 
ton :s:;ounties, S. C., and five, years in Worth county, Ga. He built 
 
ttp':ais: extensive business^and met with excellent success. In 1888 
 
:he:::<:f)3posed of h is: interest;*: :as a Serpentine manufacturer, and en- 
 
:tereii::the::jiaval-stQre::fsetKJr8;ge .:bijsiness in Savannah, as a partner 
 
:Jrr:st|jfe::S:F8i:::OlK Fe5te<3ck,:::l.itmt ^ ^o.: : continuing his identification 
 
W:iiii;::;t!:si:::^ 
 
In October, of that 
 
^d:^-'F^ McEachern, effected the 
 
KOf ::ilse:;Savannah Lurhber Company, 
 
of wliidi:h:e;:wsags^^ 
 
The local plant oi the 
 
concern covers s;wetu*>two:; acresHo| ground, is one of the leading 
 
manufactories of ^Savainmb :<!; one;of the beat^eqvjjpped: in ;the 
 
entire south. Their priaeipal i)smess is the mamifaefaire o:f :<Sac>rs, 
 
sash and blinds, and their extensive and thoroogfely modern pliant 
 
is operated electrically. ;The company secures its stock from its 
 
own timber lands and operates its own saw mills. It also operates 
 
a large and modern electric plant,; from which light and power are 
 
to be furnished to the public at large. The company is incorporated 
 
with a capital of $170,000; and the principals are men of substantial 
 
worth and the highest business^ac.amen, so that the extensive enter 
 
prise is constantly increasing in; scope and importance, inuring 
 
greatly to the benefit of tte city of Savannah. In 1905, Mr. Mc 
 
Neil and J. J. Cummings organized and effected the incorporation 
 
of the Savannah Lighting Company, of which Mr. McNeil is presi 
 
dent. This company will furnish the citizens of Savannah with 
 
electric light and power, and while it will not be in active operation 
 
until the latter part of this year (1906) it has a modern system of 
 
underground conduits laid throughout the underground section of 
 
the city, while its power house will be equipped throughout with 
 
the most modern and improved apparatus with the underground 
 
connections extending to the power house at Fifty-fourth and 
 
Montgomery streets. Mr. McNeil is vice-president of the Savan 
 
nah Lumber Company, also of the Chattahoochee Lumber Com 
 
pany, of Lela, Decatur : county, Ga., and the Rodman Lumber 
 
Company, of Rodman, Fla. He is a member of the Savannah 
 
board of trade and the chamber of commerce, and is one of the di 
 
rectors of the Citizens and Southern bank, of Savannah, and the 
 
Atlantic National bank of Jacksonville, Fla. He is a Democrat 
 
 692 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
:: 
 
in his political proclivities, and both he and his wife hold member--:: 
 
ship in the Presbyterian church. The family residence, on Whit- 
 
aker street, was erected by Mr. McNeil in 1903, and is one of the 
 
most attractive modern homes in the city. On Jan. 17, 1905, Mr. 
 
McNeil was united in marriage to Miss Florence Krenson McCon- 
 
nell, daughter of the late Dr. William T. McConnell, of Marlow, 
 
Ga. They have one son, Walter. 
 
. .... 
 
McPhaul, John Gilchrist, a well known ; 
 
,::Y;;;l?llMlillh: 
 
resident of Poulan, and one of the repre 
 
sentative business men of Worth coun 
 
ty, was born at Antioch, Robeson. coun 
 
ty, N. C., June 19, 1849. His parents,: 
 
Malcom and Christian (McArn) Me-: 
 
Phaul, were both natives of that county,: 
 
the former born at Antioch and the lat 
 
ter at Maxton, the county seat. The pa 
 
ternal ancestors came from Scotland; 
 
prior to the Revolutionary war and set 
 
tled in what is now Robeson county, N. : 
 
 C. The great grandfather, John G. Mc 
 
Phaul, remained loyal to the crown of England during the Revo 
 
lutionary period, belonging to that class of citizens known in this 
 
country as Tories, though they called themselves Royalists The 
 
maternal great-grandfather, John Gilchrist, represented the county 
 
in the legislature several terms and was a man of prominence and in 
 
fluence in the community. Malcom McPhaul, the father of the sub 
 
ject of this sketch, was an Old Line Whig. Three of his sons, 
 
William, Daniel and Neill, enlisted as soldiers in the Confederate 
 
army at the commencement of the Civil war, the first two in a 
 
North Carolina regiment and the last named in a Texas regiment. 
 
They were engaged at Seven Pines, Manassas, Gettysburg, the 
 
Seven Days' fighting about Richmond, several battles in Maryland, 
 
and some other skirmishes. Daniel died of measles at Gettysburg 
 
and the two others were mustered out with honorable discharges 
 
at the close of the conflict. John G. McPhaul was too young to en 
 
list as a soldier, and at the age of fourteen years began to make a 
 
living for himself as a farmer. When Sherman marched through 
 
the Carolinas in the spring of 1865 young McPhaul, then less 
 
than sixteen years old, followed the army gathering up old mules 
 
for the widows and destitute families to work their farms, this 
 
being the only opportunity to get teams. When he was about 
 
seventeen years old Mr. McPhaul went to Jesup, Ga., where he 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
693 
 
became interested in the turpentine business, with which line of 
 
industry he has ever since been more or less closely connected. 
 
Subsequently he removed to Poulard--a town of woods--and there 
 
he slept between two logs-: until he could build himself a house to 
 
live. in. Here he bought a tract of land and with his brother Wil- 
 
liailV' who afterward removed to Sylvester, Ga., started in the tur 
 
pentine business. By haini: work and close attention to their inter- 
 
..esfcilihe two brothers ; suteeeded,:snd as time passed the subject of 
 
;' ;;l):?s::sjkeb:fe: becaniedriters^ed :m oilier enterprises, such as farming, 
 
H6T^b:sm5:ismg, ^iKt-iksn.gf ;: reai: ;Restate and cotton mill operations, 
 
et&;;;; :M:K: ; :Mc:FM?:; is; :a: Sne :i;ypte of self-made man. Beginning 
 
His::lor ;fii:iSge!;f:l!iog- feefsre he had attained to his majority he has 
 
by :sheer::|;sree :oi ^Hl: ajreiHdets-rmination worked his way up to a 
 
place arfiuiig:'(ih;e.; ;"rfeeti ;t|f::affarrs";?'-his community. He educated 
 
himself in-trie: schools :o;f Anti^cS,; afid to the early: stock of infor 
 
mation thus; gained he li:Ss: added ay general reading and association 
 
with educated people, jvmiil Jew men are better informed on^ the 
 
general questions of the; day. ; He is a Democrat in his political 
 
convictions, but has never been an aspirant for public office. In his 
 
religious faith he is a consistent Presbyterian and now holds the 
 
office of elder in his church organization. He is well known in 
 
fraternal circles, being1 a member of the time honored Masonic 
 
" 
 
o: : 
 
fraternity, the Knights of Pythias, the Knights of Honor, and the 
 
Concatenated Order of :Hoo Hoos--sometimes called the "Black 
 
Cats." On March 15, 1882, Mr. McPhaul was united in marriage 
 
to Miss Lora B. McGist, daughter of John and Jeannette (Mc- 
 
Cormick) McGist, of Maxton, N. C., and to this union have been 
 
born the following children: Jennie Belle, Malcom John, Frank 
 
Pelham, Lawrence Jay, Henry W. Grady, Neil Alexander, William 
 
Dan, and Katie Lora. 
 
McPherson, a post-hamlet of Paulding county, is on the Southern 
 
railroad, six miles northwest of Dallas. 
 
McPherson Barracks.-- (See Fort McPherson). 
 
McRae, the county seat of Telfair county, a growing town on that 
 
line of the Southern railway which connects Macon and Bruns 
 
wick, was incorporated by act of the legislature in 1874. It has a 
 
court house, express and telegraph offices, a money order postoffice 
 
with rural free delivery, two banks, several successful stores, an ice 
 
factory, two box and barrel factories, a sash, door and blind factory, 
 
and the plant of the McRae Oil and Fertilizer Company. The 
 
Methodists and Baptists have churches and the schools belong 
 
to the public school system. The South Georgia college is located 
 
 694 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
: :::::: ; ; 
 
here. The population of the district, by the United States censas:: 
 
of 1900, was 1,678, and of these 1,020 lived in the corporate limits, 
 
of the town. 
 
..,,;,, 
 
: McRae, Edwin F., vice-president of 
 
4j||li;l;||||||S;;:, 
 
: the Merchants' bank of McRae, Telfair 
 
icounty, was born in the thriving little: 
 
city which is now his home, in Novem 
 
ber, 1864. He is a son of Daniel M. and 
 
Susan G. McRae, both native of Telfair 
 
icounty, where the former was born in 
 
1830 and the latter in 1840. Daniel M. 
 
McRae was a loyal soldier of the Confed- 
 
eracy, having enlisted in 1861 and having: 
 
served four months, at the expiration of: 
 
which he was given an honorable dis 
 
charge, by reason of having been elected ; 
 
to represent his county in the state legislature. He took part in 
 
the Florida campaign and was promoted sergeant in his company,::' 
 
Edwin F. McRae was afforded the advantages of the public schools:: 
 
of his native town and in;: 1882 entered the high school in the city 
 
of Atlanta, completing a tourse in the same, after which he took 
 
a thorough course in the Atlanta business college. At the age: 
 
of twenty years he entered the employ of the mercantile firm of 
 
Powell & Anderson, of McRae, remaining with this concern three 
 
years and then locating in the city of Macon, where he engaged in 
 
the wholesale grocery business, with which he continued to be ac 
 
tively identified for ten years. He then returned to McRae and es 
 
tablished himself in the real-estate business, in which he is still 
 
engaged, having large realty interests in the town and county. 
 
He was elected vice-president of the Merchants' bank (see sketch) 
 
at the time of its organization and has since remained incumbent 
 
of this office, being also manager of the local Cotton Seed Oil and 
 
Fertilizer Manufacturing Company. In politics his is a loyal ad 
 
herent of the Democratic party, being chairman of its executive 
 
committee in Telfair county and the present mayor of McRae, 
 
to which office he was elected in 1905, having previously served 
 
several terms as a member of the board of aldermen. Mr. McRae 
 
is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church South and is one 
 
of the trustees of the South Georgia college. He is affiliated with 
 
the local lodge and chapter of the Masonic fraternity, and also 
 
with Omer Commandery,; Knights Templars, Macon, and Alee 
 
Temple of the Mystic Shrine, Savannah. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
693 
 
McRaeville, a post-village in the southern part of Grady county, is not far from the Florida: state line. The population in 1900 was 87.; ;: :The: ::nearest railr<5SdH:station is Laingkat, on the Georgia, Florida & Alabama; :^;;:i ;;;; 
UWhir, : William, JD^iDi-; was born in Ireland in 1759, educated atllBfast and licensed :tO!!!gtach: by the Presbytery of that city. feJ^SS he settled iatiiASigxaadm. iVa., and later removed to .Suni^a*^ Gal.;, at ;eac}i; :o|;;;wi|iich ::pfees:::;he established an academy. !!!W;|pS: od!!ah^yii;:i;isHFfe:>f|<i:aHia;!!lSjp:::fee. organized the first Presby- 
 
hS^ 
 
\--'. st'ate.  He died about 
 
Sj^ 
 
part of Douglas 
 
which is the near 
 
est :ra ii:Sr>aci: jsitatiisp; : : Ipfpl \ a ! iSjortey ! order ; postoffke and is a : trad 
 
ing : eieniier : : far : : t &&t\ ;^|E|!fS|; : $ 
 
' 
 
if :the; dissts. ;of Georgia, ^residing ; Athens, is the assistant 
:the Southern railway known as one of the lead:;CspE>pmon lawyers of his native ei ; ; ::lls:;was born in Penfield, Greene ity^Gs:,, Jaly 1, 1858, a son of Robert f Pope (Thurmond) Mc: former born at Bowling Green, ::Qglethorpe: county, Ga, Jan. 29, 1819;, and the latter in Wilkes county, Ga, April 2, 1832. Robert L. MeWhprter was a loyal soldier of the Confederacy during the Civil war and served during the entire period of the great internecine conflict between the states. He first held the commission of captain of Company C, Third Georgia volunteer infantry, and later became major on the staff of Gen. A. R. Wright. He was first elected a member of the state legislature in 1845, and was thereafter several times reflected, being a member of the assembly at the time when the state seceded and the war was inaugurated. He resigned his office at that time and raised a company for the Confederate service, becoming captain of the same, as above indicated. After the close of the war he was again; elected, in 1865. to the legislature, having thereafter served in both the house and senate, being a member of one body or the other almost continuously until 1883, and was speaker of the house in 1870-74. After due preliminary discipline 
 
 696 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
: 
 
Hamilton McWhorter entered the University of Georgia, in whidi; he was graduated as a member of the class of 1877, in the law de partment, receiving- the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He began the practice of his profession in Lexington, Oglethorpe county, and soon attained marked prestige at the bar in the northern and Ocmulgee judicial circuits. In November, 1890, there came a fit ting recognition of his fine professional talents and sterling at tributes, in his election to the bench of the superior court of the northern circuit, where he proved a careful conscientious and pains taking jurist, rendering decisions that were models of judicial acumen and significant of wide and exact knowledge of the minutiae of the law. At the expiration of his first term he was reflected without opposition, but resigned the office on July 1, 1896. Upon the death of Judge Samuel Uumpkin he was tendered a position as associate justice of the supreme court of the state in July, 1903, but he felt constrained to decline the honor, by reason of the scope and insistent demands of his professional business. He has been prominent in the councils of the Democratic party in his: state; has served as chairman of the executive committee of the same in Oglethorpe county; as a member of the state executive commit tee representing the eighth congressional district, and for the past fifteen years he has been a member of this committee as a repre sentative of the state at large. He has never sought office of a public order and has held none save that already mentioned. In 1896 Judge McWhorter was appointed assistant division counsel of the Southern Railway Company for the lines north of Atlanta. In 1898 he was advanced to the position of advisory counsel of the company for the state of Georgia, and a greater distinction and recognition was accorded by this great corporation on July 1, 1905, when Judge McWhorter was appointed assistant general counsel for the entire system. The Augusta Chronicle of June 28, 1905, in speaking of this appointment, says: "The position of second legal adviser to the mighty corporation of the system of railroads known as the Southern has, therefore, been bestowed on a man in the prime of life, with unlimited accomplishment and fame and fortune before him, and as much of success and prominence as it has been possible for one of his years to attain. It is a compliment to the appointee and at the same time a wise selection on the part of those who have placed their interests in his keeping." In the same connection the Atlanta News spoke as follows: "Judge Mc Whorter is a man of rare equipment and rare qualifications for the work which has fallen into his hands to do. With a keen intel- 
 
 ;; 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
697 
 
lect, with tremendous energy, with genial and never failing humor 
 
joined to a great magnetism .And a most winning personality, he 
 
is one: of those men:whorri::.;ature seems to have equipped for suc 
 
cess," Judge McWhorter:;!;s;:a member of the Georgia bar associa 
 
tion.,^ which he served as; president : for one term. In 1898 he was 
 
appointed trustee of :ife J:?:8:iv:ersi!;y of Georgia, from the state at 
 
large. ::and was :rej'gaiH;;si::!H::iaf*i>>::or: :a term of eight years. On 
 
:S:80:,:iie::^ 
 
Sallie Julia Pharr, 
 
erf ! ;;$:;; rco* : i& ,: :aii| : :|>a:8iilla:: *<3 !:J v*.f ) -Pharr, of Washington, 
 
all are living except 
 
;ei^^ 
 
The: names 
 
ol:::||^:::et55eF!;:!eliS(Kp :::a5re:::ferB:::e:Ste:rS;l;:ia:: order of birth : Julia 
 
Pop^.:: :;};mi 35 ; Maretts-; ^liarr^; J^aHSSttii, : |r: ;,: ; Robert Ligon, Howard 
 
Har;i::$a:iig;:::St:Kl::'f^ 
 
!S::rraw: the wife of ::Hugh 
 
H imoh Psric?!, ; -M\ \ Eiigih; ; iliigaiS,: Sai;| ttn^ t hey :;have one! ; child, ; Sarah 
 
Pharr. .^ ^ : :-^\^/'^:1^ 
 
 -.' . i : , - 
 
Nacoochee, a post-vi:0;a:ge: ot iMiisite county, is located in,a : picturesque district, aboat: :ig;ht :;!nlfes northeast of Cleveland and in 1900 had a populat:ka| txf 210, : ; It is a trading center for that part of the county.; : Tliesnearest: railroad station is Clarkesville. 
Nacoochee Valley.--(See::.White County). Nahunta, a post-tpwn::sri::the :wsai:ern part of Wayne county, is at the junction of two di^kioHS::oi:;tbe:Atlantic Coast Line railway system, and in 1900 had s:: pbpulauan of 173. It has an express of fice, some mercantile interests ant! does some shipping. Nankin, a little village in the southeastern part of Brooks county, is about ten miles from Quitman. It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, and is a trading center for that part of the county. Ousley is the nearest railroad station. Nannie Lou Warthen Institute, at Wrightsville, is a coeduca tional college, conducted under the auspices of the Methodist Epis copal church South. It was established in 1888 and in 1904 reported an attendance of 350. The buildings and equipment are valued at $10.000. The institution confers the degrees of Bachelor of Arts 
and Bachelor of Sciences. Napoleon, a post-hamlet of Union county, is about six miles 
northwest of Blairsville, iin the Notely valley. Culberson, N. C., is the most convenient railroad station. 
Narrows, a post-village in the eastern part of Banks county, with a population of 44, is about five miles southeast of Mount 
 
 698 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
! 
 
Airy, which is the nearest railroad station. A skirmish o 
 
here on Oct. 11, 1864, between a detachment of Garrard's 
 
cavalry and a small body of Confederate troops. 
 
.!!!::! : :!!! 
 
Nashville, the county seat of Berrien county, is located a lit!tie!:! 
 
south of the center of the county and was incorporated; by an acts 
 
of the general assembly in 1892, .On Dec. 17, 1900, it w:a-S : charteresl!! 
 
as a city; It is the terminus of a short line of railroad-called the!:: 
 
Nashville & Sparks, which connects it at the latter plact-:: ;with the! 
 
Georgia Southern & Florida, while the Ocilla, Pinebloom &!:Ya^!! 
 
dosta gives it railway connection with the Albany & Waycross!! 
 
division of the Atlantic Coast Line at Lellaton. The population in!! 
 
1900 was 293, that of the district in which the town is situated!! 
 
being 1,821. Although a small place it is of sufficient importance :to!! 
 
support two'banks; has several good stores, a modern court-house;!! 
 
a money order postoffice with rural delivery system, express anci!! 
 
telegraph accommodations, and good school and church privileges;!! 
 
Natal, a post-hamlet in the southern part of Union county, is near!! 
 
the northern base of Blood mountain and about eight miles south ; ! 
 
of Blairsville. 
 
! 
 
: 
 
! 
 
Naval Stores.--Turpentine and rosin are classed as naval stores;! 
 
in the production of which Georgia leads all the other states. The!! 
 
source of supply is the long leaf pine. Turpentine lands are usual-!; 
 
ly leased for a term of three years, after which it hardly pays to 
 
continue the process of extracting the sap. The tree is then cut 
 
down and converted into lumber. It was once thought that "box 
 
ing" the trees for turpentine mjured them for lumber, but it has! 
 
been found that it improves rather than hurts the quality of the!! 
 
lumber, as it reduces the amount of pitch, making the boards lighter 
 
to handle and easier to work without detracting anything from their! 
 
durability. Each tree will produce on an average one gallon ::of 
 
turpentine each year, while the rosin is about equal in value.:: 
 
The time fixed by law for boxing the trees is from November 15th 
 
to March 15th each year. The workmen, provided with box-axes, 
 
cut out a box or channel in one side of the tree, twelve inches wide, 
 
seven inches deep and about five feet long. As soon as the boxes 
 
are cut the sap begins to flo-iv and is ready for dipping. The gxim 
 
is then taken to the still, where the turpentine is extracted by the 
 
process of distillation and the residue is made into rosin. In order 
 
to keep the gum exuding from the tree the bark above the box is 
 
chipped off, and with an instrument called a hack the box itself 
 
is constantly kept "freshened up." The cost of turpentining; the 
 
average acre of pine land is about $7 for the three years and the 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
699 
 
; product sells for $11 to $11.50^ or a profit on each acre of about $4. :The prefects are marketed. :at Darien, Brunswick and Savannah, :the;lasti:i8Smed city ; being the; greatest depot for naval stores in the 
kfea . ; of:-:tjfe growth of the industry may be gained 
statement from the United States 
a:n<i:|pQ, ^Daring the decade the number s^::|fOip :IM::ta; S24; :; tlie ; capital invested ; ;ffipiSi;; mMMMS \ *M iM^I** : o|; :- exaployes from 9,889 
|9<J 8f>; : W : i<?,77;3,848 ; and the 
 
, is 
 
' } 0f i i : sl|| i ! or ?r : : ji i ogi es, iS 
 
: :es|il)is| iKKt 
 
It lias a : ;r ap h 
: te." lum- 
 
esis;:^ ! ;p;arfc ;M ; fjke: : cons !y , ; is : 
 
.-! station: :on :i!;e ; f5ut1;sBK;: ; iralmaii;,::;; ajiost ; ; six : tmles from jMoletia,; 
 
::ah:d is abrading Center for::fl^ itteigMKsrlsaosi in which It is located. 
 
i Neal B<?w Station.--^As-itfes ;;Fi?<:5i?j-:a|;s;:were advancing upon At 
 
lanta there was skirmisJiin^atSarksHS^jJoints along .the lines of the 
 
Contending armies on July: ;fJ:3:B:6^;:;;;ne ; ;of these brushes was at 
 
IKeal Dow Station, in Gobb:o|Hi:y( :ili;gii; HO: detailed report of the 
 
:action is to be found in 'the-^jH^id.! F^ca^lSx: 
 
! : -Nebo, a post-village of PaislSnig^oua^witljra population of 51, 
 
! is about eight miles southwss-k* :of Hiram,:; whiGli is the. most con- 
 
ivenient railroad station. 
 
.; -..:.' 
 
: :: : ; . : 
 
! Needham, a post-town of Ware county, iis on the Atlantic Coast 
 
iLine railway, about seven or ; eight miles southwest of Waycross, 
 
land in 1900 reported a population of 128. It has some mercantile 
 
interests and does considerable shipping. 
 
Needmore, a post-village of Wayne county, is on the Atlantic & 
 
Birmingham railroad, a few miles east of Hortense. 
 
:Neely, Robert C., merchant and banker, of Waynesboro, was born 
 
in the city of Savannah, Ga., : May 17, 1856. He is a son of Capt. 
 
Thomas W. and Philo E. (W:hitehead) Neely, the former a native 
 
of Chester, S. C, and the latter of Bath, Richmond county, Ga. The 
 
father was a cotton exporter at Savannah until the commencement 
 
of the Civil war, when he entered the Confederate service as a cap 
 
tain and served in the field until failing health compelled him to 
 
resign his commission. Subsequently he was a quartermaster, sta 
 
tioned at Savannah. His death occurred soon after the close of the 
 
 700 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
war. The mother died at Savannah at the age of fifty-six yeas Robert C. Neely is the eldest of five children, all *:;f whom are yi3::: living. John F. is a resident of Waynesboro; Julia Berrien is nosy;:; 
Mrs. R. M. Russell, of Waso, Tex.; Riitfc;; Jones is the wife of Cicero Young, Si:: Thomasville, Ga.; Louise McGlure is t!i:e:: wife of W. B. Deming, of .Sunjniit, N. ; p: The subject of this sketch was educatscl:: by a private tutor in his childhood, later:: attending school at Charlotte Hall, Sti;; Mary's county, Md., and Richard Malcolm!: Johnstone's preparatory school at Baits-:: more. At the age of sixteen he left school,: clerked in an office at Baltimore for sons* time, and then became connected with :a prominent law firm of New York City:,: In 1876 he returned to Georgia, where he managed and con ducted Major Wilkins' business until 1884 when he formed the firm of Mackenzie & Neely, general store. In 1886 he bought out his partner and joined the firm.of Wilkins & Jones, under the firm name of Wilkins, Neely & Jones, continuing in partnership with them until 1896, when :the firm was divided and he conducted the business himself until 1900, when it was formed into a stock com pany under the title of the R. C. Neely Company. Besides the main establishment branch offices are maintained in Augusta, Macon and Americus. In 1899 he organized the Citizens bank, of Waynesboro, and has been president of the institution from the beginning. Politically Mr. Neely is a Democrat; was elected to the state legislature in 1894 and served one term; has twice been elected mayor of Waynesboro, and has served on the Burke county board of education for twenty-five years. He is a member of both the Commercial and Country clubs of Augusta; the Society of the Colonial Wars; was for a time a member and lieutenant of a caval ry company known as the "Burke Troop;" is a member, steward and trustee of the Methodist Episcopal church, and is one of the largest real estate holders in the county. On April 28, 1886, he was united in marriage to Miss Lillian, daughter of Maj. William A, Wilkins, of Waynesboro, and to this union have been born the following children: Alvin W., Robert C., Jr., and Moselle. The two sons are now (1906) students in the University of Georgia and the daughter is a student at Bryn Mawr college, near Philadel phia, Pa. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
701 
 
Neill, James Douglas, the able and 
 
ipopular cashier of the National bank of 
 
:olumbus, was born in Columbus, Mus- 
 
:cogee county, Ga., April 7, 1870, a son of 
 
:G<?orge H. and Alabama Elizabeth 
 
:::i::i;xitidsiijf;) ;Neill, the former born in 
 
si-ferwlssa*:: county, Term,,. and the latter 
 
siji:::M8S<JfiJj|t's5;;County, Ga. ; They now re- 
 
; ;:tligSS>:;'Sivburba;Ti home near Colum- 
 
Tie; father entered the Confederate 
 
m - his : :afiye /village^ Rogers- 
 
: "i'enn,,: ; :was se ve:fely; wounded 
 
tfe :-&i\ Chickaniaasfsi, the:: ef 
 
fects ; M i 
 
: iacit i v e : : serving : liinid !rie :sva S as- 
 
Sigocti t 
 
:i:i^HiV!f^ 
 
and-fcas fes?d<Sd 
 
/subject s?l ;j;li:s sketcii:;Mr. 
 
and Mrs, (Jeorge If;: N<J:ii ::i5a:5.: s; :iAYe::<;ii;her children, namely ;: ;: She;r- 
 
wood Lintisay, Beanie ;lM!;glit>:IsanHte Russell, Katharine Hamilton, 
 
and William Cecil; :Bsss|e ; :B. i*. now .the wife of William ]. Bick- 
 
erstaff, and they reside m Russell county, Ala. ; Fannie R. is the 
 
wife of. William H. Yotmg; and Katharine H. is the wife of George 
 
H. Ford, all remaining Presidents of Muscogee county. James 
 
Douglas Neill, the subject of this; review, secured his early educa 
 
tion principally in Slade's: school -for boys, at Columbus, the same 
 
being conducted by Ca&t Jariiesi::,!, Slade. After leaving school 
 
he entered the employ b| the National bank of Columbus, with 
 
which he has since been identified and in which he has served with 
 
such fidelity and ability as to secure advancement to his present 
 
important office, that of cashier. He began as a collector, later 
 
was made exchange clerk and afterward teller, and in 1900 was 
 
elected cashier--a well merited promotion, as his services have 
 
clearly demonstrated in the intervening period. Mr. Neill is a 
 
stanch adherent of the Democratic party and is a member of the 
 
First Presbyterian church, as is also Mrs. Neill. As a youth he was 
 
for a short time a member of the Columbus Guards. On Nov. 7, 
 
1893, Mr. Neill was married to- Miss Clara Louise Young, daughter 
 
of Alfred Irwin and Clara Mary (Wildman) Young, both of whom 
 
art now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Neill have four children, namely: 
 
Clara Elizabeth, Katharine Douglas, Eleanor Belle, and James 
 
Douglas, Jr. 
 
Nelson, a town of Pickens county, was incorporated by act of the 
 
legislature on Sept. 9, 1891. It is on the Atlanta, Knoxville & 
 
 702 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF 
 
Northern railroad, near the Cherokee county line, and in 1900:re:-:: 
 
ported a population of 254.. It has a money order::j5ostoffice, ex*:: 
 
press and telegraph offices, some mercantile interests,::good;schools: 
 
and churches, and is the; principal shipping pomt::i:n:;:itie extreme; 
 
southern part of the county. 
 
-;-i;^i'i;'' : i- ^\ 
 
: Nelson, Rt. Rev. Cleland: Kinloch, bislt-: 
 
op of the diocese of Gesrgia,:/of :i:i}<J: 
 
: Protestant Episcopal churcS, ^re^ides::!'* 
 
his see city of Atlanta, and has teen i:hfi ; 
 
incumbent of his present apostolic office 
 
since 1892, ordering the temporal ad; 
 
spiritual affairs of his diocese with con 
 
summate wisdom and consecration and 
 
.commanding the high regard of "all 
 
sorts and conditions of men." Bishop 
 
Nelson is of distinguished lineage and;:is 
 
a scion of one of the old and patricisti; 
 
: families of the Old Dominion state, where 
 
was cradled so much of America's national history. He was born 
 
near Cobham, Albemarle iounty, Va., May 23, 1852, a son of Keat- 
 
ing L.'S. and Julia A. {Rogers) Nelson, the former born in Belvoir, 
 
that county, Dec. 4, 1819,:: and the latter in Keswick, same county, 
 
Jan. 27, 1825. William Nelson, of Yorktown, Va., was the first 
 
native American representative of this family, and was a man of 
 
prominence and influence in Virginia, as is evident when it is re 
 
called that v he served as president of that dominion. His son 
 
Thomas, great-grandfather of Bishop Nelson, was born at York- 
 
town, in 1738; was educated at Cambridge, England; after his re 
 
turn was elected to the Continental Congress of 1775; was one of 
 
the signers of the Declaration of Independence; was afterward ap 
 
pointed brigadier-general :and commander-in-chief of the forces of 
 
the commonwealth of Virginia. His force, 3,000 strong was raised 
 
and equipped at his own personal expense. In 1781 he succeeded 
 
Thomas Jefferson as governor of Virginia, and died in 1789. His 
 
fifth son, Hugh Nelson, grandfather of the present bishop of Geor 
 
gia, well upheld the prestige of the family name, both as a citizen 
 
and as a public official. He held successively the following offices: 
 
Speaker of the house of delegates of Virginia; judge of the Federal 
 
court; presidential elector; representative of Virginia in Congress, 
 
1811-23; and minister to Spain under President James Monroe. 
 
Keating L. S. Nelson, who was the eighth in order of birth of the 
 
children of Judge Hugh Nelson, was a prominent educator in Vir- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
703 
 
ginia. In 1862 he enlisted in the Confederate service, becoming a 
 
private in the Albemarle Light Horse cavalry, of Virginia, but was 
 
discharged from' the service: upon the enlistment of two of his 
 
sons, one of whom was. killed in battle* in 1864. Bishop Nelson 
 
secured -his preliminary edtieational- discipline in his father's school, 
 
in Alh>6marle county, after;:;: which lie: entered St. John's college, 
 
Annapolis, Md., whereftg ^as:;gTsdaats5d::as a member of the class 
 
; ;el ; ; 18 Z, receiving the::degreeHef^Baisfefei' iii Arts. He completed 
 
;; Msl -scg&siast j;>;'a3 coarse : ;at;i:Bsrfee|ey^;d;tt-mity: :;school, Middletown, 
 
!;;reeei:vsd;:;tfe;igrfes; s|;;tie;:<S&es>oa;te : in the Protestant 
 
:cl}ivre:B;:JH::l;S?a.^aKdHiiR::p|6;:w-iag;:<5faained to the priest 
 
hood,::^:; tfeeiiispestoJie Jiatj|s:::ojH:I;?:i|)j<jg::::^illjafn Bacon Stevens, 
 
of the:;g|i3eg:se::o:f:::l?e!5SgylwasiS:.!: :!lsi;lSliHliis afena mater, St. John's 
 
collegsj: ;eottle;rrei; \qxrn liisi; :iie: degreei; ;K*J ; iDoc^or of: Divinity. His 
 
first; j:t?Es:tor;i:{::iKegtsi^e^ 
 
Chiireh of St. 
 
John.: tfieiBaj>tifit, in Gerriian:i<>W:nv:PisaKsy: Jv:a!:!sa, wl-tere^be^ rema&ed 
 
from 1S76 until 1882, in which latter -year he became rector cif tfee: 
 
Church of the Nativity, South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, where: 
 
he remained until his elevation to his present office, in 1892. Bish 
 
op Nelson's ancestors have been identified with the Church of 
 
England, or its American body, the Protestant Episcopal church, 
 
in the various generations, and as far back as the family records 
 
are to be traced. He gives his allegiance to the Democratic party, 
 
his ancestors having been old-line Whigs. He is a man of fine 
 
scholarship, an able and convincing speaker and a most excellent 
 
executive and administrative officer, as is evinced in the healthful 
 
and gratifying condition of :his diocese as a whole. On June 12, 
 
1877, was solemnized the marriage of Bishop Nelson to Miss M. 
 
Bruce Matthews, daughter; of Maj. William Bruce and Nannie 
 
(Dorsett) Matthews, of Charles county, Md. 
 
Nesbitt, a post-hamlet of Wayne county, is located on the Macon 
 
& Brunswick division of the Southern railway, about five miles 
 
northwest of Jesup. 
 
Nettie, a post-hamlet of Forsyth county, is about five miles south 
 
east of Gumming, and not far from the Chattahoochee river. Bu- 
 
ford is the nearest railroad station. 
 
Newborn, one of the principal towns of Newton county, is lo 
 
cated in the extreme southeastern portion of the county, not far 
 
from the Morgan county line, and on the Covington & Milledgeville 
 
division of the Central of Georgia railway. It was incorporated 
 
by an act of the general assembly on Dec. 15, 1894, and in 1900 had 
 
a population of 695. It is the center of a fine agricultural district 
 
 704 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF 
 
.and is a shipping point for the surplus farm products. It; Iiassp; 
 
bank, expres&land telegraph service, a money order postoffice wills; 
 
rural delivery; routes emanating from it, several mercantile estals-; 
 
Jishments,; n;eat residences; and good schools and churches. 
 
;;;;;; 
 
Newbridge, a post-hamfet in the southern part of I>xanpkin COUH- 
 
ty, is almost on the Hall county line. It has a money;;order posis;; 
 
office and is a trading center for the neighborhood in;;which it; : is; 
 
located, Gairiesville is the most convenient railroad station. 
 
; 
 
New England City, an incorporated town of Bade county, is;; 
 
aboiii five miles northwest of Trenton and not far from the Ala- 
 
bama state line. It is in the McMahon militia district, which re 
 
ported a population of 391 in 1900, of whom 138 lived in the towis.; 
 
It has a money order postoffice and is a trading center for that; 
 
part of the county. Trenton is the most convenient railroad sta~; 
 
tion. 
 
:: ; 
 
New Gibralter, one of the early settlements of Dekalb countyv 
 
was incorporated as a town by act of the legislature on March 4,; 
 
1856. The advent of railroads diverted trade to other localities; 
 
and like some.other early towns, New Gibralter gradually disap* 
 
peared, 
 
. -  
 
New Hanover.--After Edmund Grey was driven from Brandon, 
 
in the northern part of the;state, he and his followers settled on the 
 
Satilla river, not far from the present village of Bailey's Mills. 
 
The settlement was named New Hanover. Here outlaws, fugi 
 
tives from justice, etc., always found a welcome and in time the 
 
surrounding territory was peopled with that class of inhabitants. 
 
Another settlement was on Cumberland island, (q. v.) These 
 
desperadoes had no valid title to the lands and acknowledged ai^- 
 
legiance to no civilized government. The people of Georgia ana 
 
South Carolina entertained fears that this lawless element might, 
 
foment trouble with the Spaniards of Florida or the Creek Indians 
 
and petitioned the crown for their removal. Commissioners front 
 
the two colonies were appointed by order of Mr. Pitt; these corn- 
 
missioners succeeded in inducing the outlaws to remove from the 
 
territory and New Hanover ceased to exist. 
 
New Holland, a village of Hall county, is on the Southern rail 
 
road, a short distance northeast of Gainesville. It has a money 
 
order postoffice, express and telegraph service and some local 
 
trade. 
 
New Hope Church.--(For engagement here in May, 1864, see 
 
Dallas). As Hood moved northward after the fall of Atlanta there 
 
was some skirmishing at New Hope Church on Oct. 5, 1864. 
 
 ; 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
705 
 
New Inverness.--On Oct.; 18, 1735, a little band of hardy Scotch 
 
Highlanders sailed from iM-erness on the Prince of Wales, and in 
 
the fslfewing January reached Savannah. Not long after their 
 
arrival they were taken ; i:o: ; |iifi; soutlssxm part of : the colony and on 
 
the ixirik of the Altaniaha^: jiijimi:: sixteen jailes from St. Simon's 
 
i:Sian<4: :hey founded ; :a Sfit:lea^itt^::t0i:rvshich ; they gave the name 
 
of: Mew::: InverKess. ; ; :^!3sy: ; :<ariSE;:tsci: ; a-: ; :fiSJ'i: mounting four pieces :of 
 
a : :gii^<I-l:H>SK-::isiic?i:g>:::sii!SiJ;eJi:: and hiits for temporary 
 
aRi:iii:l*!:Ssr::<>flSs:::eiiiM:;;fee;;;|Siii;i|t;:-:aJtet which they turned 
 
^l^M:!};^:^:*!^ 
 
:tte wars with the In-. 
 
^d|:Ji*j^;|i;jb;d;'N^tf3&^ 
 
; a .prominent part 
 
arid;; si5:rn:e: ;<5f:tSelr :d;eftcn(!a^ii::rej;sii(Jj;e:d:;:^iiii;aHt service in the War 
 
for !H;ie]5BSieHe;: ;; :;*p^:oH^: ;t!):s::fe^H:;;i5!E : Mew Inverness has long 
 
since:iiSsagpSfired:: i:i;;: ; rsaiH^s:::o:f::iMiclHtois:!)^::Otttchinson, Campbell, 
 
McLeoc'i Me(3Slivr<w;, MelCiiv: :;iB<;|::<}i;i3ers:: ; Sc(sapy ; a permanent place in the history of Georgia. ;;;;;; ::;.: ; : ;; : ; v ;; : : ;; : ; ;;;;:i ;;;;;; :: ;;;; : :: : ;.:;:;;-;':;; 
 
Newman, Daniel, was a-native ;af : North Carolina. He Irecei^ed; a liberal education and entered the United States army, attaining the rank of first lieutenant before his resignation in 1802. During the Creek war he commanded the Georgia volunteers and after the close of hostilities was made major-general of militia. In 1830 he was elected representative in Congress as a States Rights Demo crat. He died in Walker county Jan. 16, 1851. 
Newman, William Truslow, of Atlan ta;: the incumbent of the office of United States district judge for the Northern District of Georgia, is known as one of the state's most eminent lawyers and jurists. He was born in the City of Khoxville, Tenn., June 23, 1843, a son Capt. Henry B. and Martha Ann (Trus low) Newman. Captain Newman was a native of Tennessee; served with dis tinction as an officer in the Mexican war, and at the time of his death, in 1849, was register of deeds of Knox county, Tenn. Judge Newman received a good education in the private schools of his native city. At the opening of the Civil war he was still a boy, but his patriotic ardor was roused, and he determined to go forth in defense of the:cause of the Confederacy. He enlisted before he had attained his eighteenth year, being mustered in as a private in the Lookout Rangers, under Capt. W. F. Ragsdale, at 
 
45-11 
 
 706 
 
^CYCLOPEDIA OF 
 
Chattanooga,; ;;3.'his was a Cavalry company and;;was subsequently;;;;; assigned to Satj' and known as Company H, Second Ten!iess&; volunteer cas;U:ry. Judge Newman was soon promoted; ; lieutenant;; of:his company. During his period of service in the; field he^mads;; a splendid:;sad heroic record, ; Among the prominent ;s|;agementg;: in which he took part was the. battle of Fishing Greek,;,.Ky.., ; is::: which General Zollicoffer was killed; the fights attending the oc-;; cupation of Cumberland Gap by the Federal troops; the battle of;; Perryville, and other engagements resulting from" General: Bragg:'s:: invasion of Kentucky. After his campaign in the Bluegrass: Stats:: the young lieutenant served in the Army of Tennessee, : taking:: part in the battle of Murfreesboro. He then served for several;; months in Tennessee and Kentucky, in the cavalry brigade com-;; manded by Gen. John Pegram. In a raid by this command inss;; Kentucky in the spring of 1863 Lieutenant Newman received ,;a;; severe wound in the leg, and was captured at Somerset, Ky. He:;; was first sent to Lexington, that state, and then to Camp Chas^;; Columbus, Ohio. His prison experience ended on Johnson's Island;; in Lake Erie, where he remained until Ag-usty::18fi3, ;wh;en he was;^ exchanged .at City Point.:: ;:He Jast^no ti?e in making his way toil; KRSiXvaBe; 1 ;!;fi^sSi ;hJs :e0^jKiand,: which he found retreating from;; tSat; city : at the approach of General Burnside. He was with hm fegiment in all the engagements leading up to the battle of Chicfe amauga, where his regiment suffered the severest loss in both o^: ficers and men. He then accompanied Gen. Joe Wheeler on hisfamous raid through Tennessee, around the Federal army, fighting the enemy almost every day. Soon afterward his commandment into winter quarters at Dalton, Ga., rendering active service in vicinity. During the retreat from Dalton in the spring oil: daily engagements occurred. Lieutenant Igewman was in fights at Dalton, Resaca, Adairsville, New Hope Church, and battles around Atlanta. On July 29, he was sent wits; Gen. Wv Jackson's brigade to intercept the raid of Generals Stonemart McCook. On the following day his command came upon the ; Fd-: eral cavalry at Lovejoy's Station and found them engaged ifi tear ing up the track of- the Macon & Western railroad, now: a portion of the Central of Georgia. In this fight he received a wound which:;, disabled him and caused the loss of his right arm. When he felt able to again render active service he started to rejoin his com; mand, but the announcement of General Lee's surrender changed; his plans, and after being :paroled at Liberty, Va., in June 1863,; he walked the greater part: of the way to his home in Knoxville,: 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA : 
 
70? 
 
He remained there two or:: three months considering his arrange 
 
ments: :for :the future. . Thftjoatlook -in that region for a one-armed 
 
ejc-Gpnfederate : soldier^; thrown, entirely upon his own resources, 
 
:;?|eeidedly gloomy.: an*! : |iT;r. Mesvman determined to locate in 
 
which city ;was:::mg;t:::liegij):n:H5g::to rise from the ashes left 
 
is fe>rch< :i::S;<Ja<if-i:g: :law : :in: ;:h:e :office of Judge John ;L. 
 
y:lisd::c:arried him to the front 
 
::rank::of:: his :j>rof*>ss<iati:in: ^ti^RSa;::t|;e:: fiiseky student, after a resi- 
 
:t;:$:i;sly;;:S;;feK?:;::!^ 
 
bar in 1866, 
 
||i^g^:-;||i:ie :fp:;^;^;;;gg^;ji^ie|^:;;the. law; The superior 
 
{j;s::M^m :: r.eeoigjiizea :by his; brother 
 
::|s::::sa^esti;ve ;of -raanliness,: resp-; 
 
,gej!sr^|sj)xt|ii|:;:::; ;i:n::: iJ^y;1||1|-: ^p^aipP ejected: Mm :CHy; attorney si!:: ^||tH|?i:!:: 8fjs|::: :&&: :::fil:gi|::::I|:a;|;:: piSi^l; :;i!a?p imi& :: satisfactor %: for: twei^g:: y?ar$,: :::: |jj; ; ;!#:: :l?E-8^jie:ijl::::(||gyelgtii: iJ>|<3tst<i{^: Kim \ IJiiited: 
 
ol: J3ge MeGay,:; :ai-d; ; );o;: t:i|is::;bjgti :(>85ee: his ;;talents, integrity anid fearlp::ati:!?ii^}stf1;igti::0i the::Iaw^ha^e made it evident to all that a ; beti:er: a]5psisTtiiiesit:^ti:ajd:::riot h.ave :been made. Judge Newman has aHlttll sijgre:;sf the dignity; and;^firmness needed by a man hold ing lils^resjjgragifele; office, ;;|ut he: ;despises red tape and arbitrary methods. He: is\z well bafetieed::mgri with a big brain and a big heart, :and:tSe:poprest;;;'*ro^fjn:sh;ipr'i;:wfe stands before him, in his court ifeels:assMred:tlsatH;^3Sig^t^stsii^;:: lie:tries to administer justice underMlie; law, noHiitatter^wlssttHthe; consequences may Be:. He is never led astray by seritimenfcmty or popular clamor, and is determined that no spot shall ever stain the judicial ermine while it rests on his shoulders. Among the members of his profession, public men, and all classes of intellectual people, Judge Newman is universally respected and admired, not only on account of his Roman integrity and independence, but also for his intellectual qualities and certain elements of genuine human nature which he has never allowed conventional customs and prejudices to sup press. He is popular alike ;with the rich and poor, old and young, white and black; and yet he has never gone- one step out of his way to win .favor in any quarter. His personal appearance is strik ing. Tall and thin, with a :strongly marked face indicating an ac tive mind, courage, will power and endurance, he would be singled: out in any crowd as a natural leader of men. He would have been prominent in any other line of endeavor, and is not the man to be forced to the rear under any conditions. He is unwavering in his 
 
 708 
 
CYCLOPEDIA: OF GEORilpf 
 
allegiance to the: Democratic; party, and both he^asvd his 
 
valued membef;s;:&f the First Presbyterian churejii-iijl tfeir 
 
city. In September, 1871, Judge Newman was. united in marriage:; 
 
to Fanny Percy Alexander, daughter of Hon. Eb^aeKef: Alexas-- 
 
der, who was for many years judge of the Knoxville c.irc.ait CGurt; 
 
of Tennessee and one of the ;most honored and distinguished erfi-;; 
 
zens of that state. Judge and Mrs. Newman have several chil 
 
dren. :: 
 
:::::: :: : : :: 
 
"Newnan, the County seat of Coweta county, was incorporates! ;b;y^ 
 
act of the legislature in 1823;, and in 1883 was incorporated ;is ''a;;- 
 
city. Being located at the junction of the Atlanta & West Paint 
 
and one of the main branches of the Central of Georgia railway: 
 
system, it has great advantages for trade and travel. It has Hex- 
 
press and telegraph offices, :electric lights, water works, a good; 
 
sewer system, a fire department, an ice plant, three banks, an ex 
 
cellent public school system, and some fine examples of chursh: 
 
architecture. A money order postoffice with rural free delivery 
 
system gives to city and adjacent country the best of mailing facili-;; 
 
ties. With home capital Newa has built up --manufactories-,-:- 
 
which-give: employment tc^m^ore^fou:!4,000 people. Among these; 
 
factories: ;re two: Sarg-e^ceitoMiralis, a. eotton seed oil mill,.fertilizer:; 
 
works, iron foundry, railroad;; shops, a boiler and engine works, a 
 
cigar factory, tannery, wagon :and buggy factory, shoe factory, and 
 
a large canning establishment. About 40,000 bales of cotton are 
 
shipped from Newnan annually. The population, according to the 
 
United States census of 1900, was 3,654. The population of:;the 
 
entire Newnan district was 5,375. 
 
::: ;,:/ 
 
Newport, a post-hamlet in the southern part of Fannin couatyy 
 
is on a branch of the Toccoa-river and is about fifteen miles east^ 
 
of Ellijay, which is the nearest railroad station. 
 
: 
 
New Providence, a post-hamlet of Wilkinson county, is ten miles 
 
southwest of Irwinton, and not far from the Twiggs county line. 
 
Gallemore, on the Macon, Dublin & Savannah railroad, is the near 
 
est station. 
 
; 
 
 
 
Newspapers and Periodicals.--Remington's Newspaper Direc 
 
tory for 1905 gives the following list of Georgia publications. ; 
 
Dailies.--Albany Herald, Americus Times-Recorder, Athens 
 
Banner, Atlanta Constitution, Atlanta Journal, Atlanta News, Au 
 
gusta Chronicle, Augusta Herald, Augusta Tribune, Bainbridge 
 
Argus, Brunswick Journal, Brunswick News, Columbus Enquirer- 
 
Sun, Columbus Ledger, (except Saturday) Cordele News, The Geor 
 
gian, (Atlanta), Griffin News and Sun, Macon News, Macon Tele- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
709 
 
graph,: :Rome Herald, Rome: Tribune, Savannah News, Savannah 
 
Press, Thomasville Times-Enterprise,::W^ycrqss Herald. 
 
j 
 
iSen'J-Weeklies.--Araericus Press, Atlanta Constitution, Atlanta 
 
Journal, : Augusta Chrormki^- Dubljii:: Courier-Dispatch, Dublin 
 
. TltngSji : Fort Gaines : feegrcJet;: ^Ma-ceil : :Teiegraph, Savannah News, 
 
i Times, ~SlieKnA:Mm>f&:: > : ; : ;;;.;; -; :'::.;;.: : ::: : : : 
 
 
 
Jes>^I:n:;:<m:ft^^^ 
 
are a number of 
 
f:ioa%,:j;;;^i^|p;feea4s|lN;:;;iiSt;. with the Age, (col- 
 
Journal of La- 
 
pS^^ 
 
Market 
 
iSjl : SspJisrn: : :S m^,: : ::S*sSls- : lifaciFicJaea ,: ; Sunny; South, Wes- 
 
ias;: : :f<i>H r : biweeklies, the Bap- 
 
a$ : :t?jfi : iTribune. . In : Sa van- 
 
; :t||le::; !:!|||-|||p : 
 
^ spajgrsi J: : : the :Cottoir : : Trade 
 
Istsar 6S: : ISts^ieiw,  : Spyj :. (olored 
 
bs< : :i:ate are 
 
the: : : Al>&:evi||e: 
 
Sinner,: :; j^dei . 
 
News,: :; 
 
:: li 
 
i: Press, AmericuS :Tirnes- 
 
; Farmer and Stockman,: 
 
Athens:: AtlieHJ;in:,::i 
 
liannesv:: Athens Courier, Bainbridge 
 
Argus >:::;BaiH!>!'islgc: Demorat>: : ;:BaJalaridge Search Light, Barnes- 
 
ville Nfiws-Gaxsiite, BaxleyhBitflnei-, :Blackshear Times, Blairsville 
 
Banner,: : Blakefy:;Mew&;;: Blafeiy. Reporter, Blue Ridge Post, Blue 
 
Ridge Southern: Wai:!d>:::.:E>Si:on: ::::T4sw8> : Bowdon Intelligence, 
 
Bremen : Gatewaj^ BroxtOK;::|SfuJrnjj!:j ;|SrS:swicfe Herald, Buchanan 
 
Tribune, Bueaa ^"ista^Pafriisiij Stilor*!:: Enterprise, Bullochville Era, 
 
Butler Herald,:;;Cairo Messenger, CailKmn Times, Camilla Enter 
 
prise, Canon Universalist Herald, Canton Advance, Carnesville 
 
Advance, Carrollton Advocate, Carrollton Free Press, Carrollton 
 
Times, Cartersville News, Cedartown Advance-Courier, Cedartown 
 
Standard, Chipley Enterprise, Clarkesville Advertiser, Clayton 
 
Tribune, Cleveland Courier, Colquitt Liberal, Columbus Enquirer^ 
 
Sun, Columbus Ledger, Commerce News, Conyers Banner, Con- 
 
yers Free Press, Cordele Sentinel, Covington Enterprise, Craw- 
 
fordville Advance, Crawfordville Advocate-Democrat, Cumming 
 
North Georgian, Cuthbert Leader, Cuthbert Liberal-Enterprise, 
 
Dahlonega Nugget, Dahlonega Signal, Dallas New Era, Dalton 
 
Argus, Dalton Citizen, Dalton Herald, Danielsville Monitor, Dar- 
 
ien Gazette, Darien Spectator, (colored) Dawson News, Dawson- 
 
ville Advertiser, Decatur New Era, Doerun Headlight, Douglas 
 
Breeze, Douglas Gazette, Douglasville New South, Dublin Enter 
 
prise, Eastman Times-Journal, East Point Plowboy, Eatonton 
 
 710 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF 
 
Messenger, Edison News, Ejberton Star, BllsvsSlaHLNews,; ElJs Courier, Ellijay:::'Firries, Fairburn News, FayettevHleHNeWs, J<|tK->:: gerald Citiz<;tt,::;:J*:szgerald Enterprise, Fitzgerald People,: Flowery;; Branch Herald,: Folkston Herald, Forsyth Advertiser^ ;Fort; Ga|os Recorder, : Fort Gaines Sentinel, Fort Valley Leader^:: FratiMia News ar!;i|:: Banner, Gainesville Eagle, Gainesville New^\\Geof^~: town Triteine, Gibson Record, Gray News, Greensboro-iiHetaldJournal^vfJreenville Vindicator, Griffin Echo, (colored:);: iGrirEti News aM Sun, Guyton News, Hagan Times, Hamilton Jownalj HarlejM: Sentinel, Hartwell Sun, Hawkinsville Dispatch and News,: Haziehurst News, Hinesville Herald, Hogansville News, Homer'< Journal, Homerville News,  Irwinton Bulletin, Jackson Argas^i'' Jackson Record, Jasper Progress, Jefferson Herald, JefTersonii:le Herald, Jesup News, Jesup Sentinel, Jonesboro Enterprise, Knoxville Correspondent, Lafayette Messenger, Lagrange Graphic, L;a-; grange Reporter, Lavonia Standard Gauge, Lawrenceville Journal, Lawrenceville News-Herald,: Leesburg Journal, Lexington Echo, Lincolnton Journal, Lindale;: Free Lance, Lindale ; Leader; ville News and Farmer, Larnpkiir : IndepeHiletit.; Weekly, :McRae; ; Enterprise,; ;:Mai!iS<:m: Adserfiserj;::Ma<iisar( ;Madi-:" ssniaa:.;::::Siarjet$a:::::at)rie:r,;::Marietta;';.;Jourjiaii,; '. Meldrim Guidon,; M:iJ!tJ; : Jsews,- :- Mijieifgewjilie: Ne*s>:; Milledgeville Union-Recorder,: Mitchell Banner, Monroe News and Messenger, Monroe Trib une, Montezuma Record, M-onticello Courier, Monticello News,-: Moultrie Observer, Mt. Airy Protectionist, Mt. Vernon Monitor,Nashville Herald, Newnan Herald and Advertiser, Newnan News,:: Norcross News, Oeilla Dispatch, Oglethorpe Citizen, Pelharitji Journal, Pembroke Enterprise, Perry Home-Journal, Quitman Ad vertiser, Quitman Free Press,:: Reidsville Journal, Richland Barmer;:: Richland Courier, Ringgold New South, Roberta Tyler, RocheUe New Era, Rome Tribune, Rbswell Nimb-us, Sandersville Heralsj,::; Sandersville Progress, Senoia: Enterprise-Gazette, Sparta Ishmaeiite, Spring Place News, Statesboro News, Statesboro Times, Strm:;-: merville News, Swainsboro Blade, Sylvania Telephone, Sylvester Lo cal, Talbotton New Era, Tallapoosa Journal, Tallulah Falls Echoes,: Tennille Tribune, Thomaston; Times, Thomasville Press, Thorei3s-; ville Times-Enterprise, Thomson Journal, Thomson Progress, ;T:ffton Gazette, Toccoa Record, Trenton Sentinel, Trion Factory Her ald, Valdosta Times, Vidalia Advance, Vidalia Press, Vienna Prog^ ress, Wadley Banner, Warrenton Clipper, Warreton Reporter,: Washington Chronicle, Washington Gazette, Washington Reporter, Watkinsville Enterprise, Waycross Herald, Waycross Journal;;: 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
Waynesboro True Citizen:,: West Paint News, Winder Democrat, 
 
Winder Jackson ECOHOOBS:^ WoocffirneHGeorgian, Woodbury Mes- 
 
serigp^ ;Wrights^J:0 ; HaiIlij|;{it, Wriig^tsiville Record, Young Har- 
 
s, Zetoulon J'^airrtsi^^eliHiliiiti^iraeS; ; ; 
 
i 
 
Suijsiay  Pa:pe:rs.-^ 
 
S,: ; Atlanta Constitution, At- 
 
:Journal, : 
 
ess, ^:Aiigusta Chronicle, Au- 
 
: 
 
ionthly publications 
 
; ; :st;ii:;:: :;:th:e : : 
 
Dixie ; : Farmer,: : : and the 
 
: : Is Georgia, at B runs- 
 
:::iifj<::::: 
 
Sr^SspSSa: : :j*8:i>lleaf te,; : at; : Canon, Franklin 
 
' are : : 
 
g^ : :t:he : : 
 
s : si ; ASaota: : me Cotton, :Cxttos sS 
 
; Sesi?gia Eclectic Medical Jour- 
 
^ 
 
Lodge Secret, Railroad 
 
: JSailmad 
 
Sottt&eastern Underwriter, Southern 
 
Banker;; 
 
Sputhet^;Dirug Journal, Southern Edu- 
 
cationaS 
 
{: jsotiJtry): : Southern Freemason, 
 
Southern Grscer, ! S<3theirg : 
 
st,;: Soathlartd, : Southern Women's 
 
sieigj: j:e<>iorsd||'Mas:Ji?fe:::Siaiiwa*::(3uijfe.: The monthlies 
 
of otfer ; ciii:s ; :afe:t&B; ;BiaK;ei^: ; S!aiidjasn:::Pjt: Sames, (sport) Daltoti 
 
Music Teacrief, Macon;:; Georgia: ; :FJaSter, ;;SQme: Masonie::, Herald, 
 
Savannah Georgia Jouroa?::of Medjcjne, Savannah Musical Echo, 
 
Savannah Peach Grower, Savannah; Southern Drug and Paint Re 
 
view, Waycross Southern : Poultry Courier. One quarterly, the 
 
Dental Journal, is published at Macon. 
 
Newsville, a post-hamlet in the western part of Haralson county, 
 
is near the Alabama state line and about six or seven miles north 
 
of Hooper, which is the nearest railroad station. 
 
Newton, the county seat of Baker county, was incorporated by 
 
an act of the legislature in; 1872. It is without railroad accommo 
 
dations, but being situated on the Flint river has water transporta 
 
tion by means of the steamers plying between Bainbridge and Al 
 
bany, which makes it an important shipping point for the products 
 
of the county. The nearest railway station is Flint, about ten 
 
miles to the east on the Atlantic Coast Line. Newton has a good 
 
court-house, a money order postoffice with rural mail service, sev- 
 
 712 
 
:e!CLOPEDIA OF 
 
eral stores domg;;a good business, warehouses for; 'he river tiw^C,:: and good churcfeg-and schools,: : The population s:n:::1900 was SSiSV: 
Newton County was laid out :frorn Jasper in 18:2:U: -Parts: oip-jlt were given back to Jasper in; 1822 and 1834. Another part of;: ii was given to DeKalb in 1826.:; It was named for Sergt. John New ton, who was with Sergt. Jasper: at the recapturing of ite: Ameri can prisoners near Savannah* It lies in the central part: of the state and is bounded by Walton on the northeast, Morgan and Jasper on the southeast, Butts and Henry on the southwest and Rockdale on the northwest. The Ocmulgee river runs for a short distance along the southern border and with its tributaries drains the county. The surface is rolling and is broken in the southern and southeastern portions. . The principal productions are corn, wheat, rye, barley, Irish and; sweet potatoes, sugar-cane, cotton, vegetables, berries and melons. As there is but little timber left in the county a very small amount of lumber is exported. Al though the water-power in the county is immense, but little of it is utilized. Covington is the county seat, Oxford is a growing town and the seat of Emory College, one of the best known edu cational institutions in the South. : The minerals are clay and gran ite.::: The ; Georgia and ; the xCentral of Georgia railroads have branches in the ;county, and a street railway connects Covington and Oxford. The population^in 1900 was 16,734, a gain of 2,434 in ten years. 
Nicholls, a town in the eastern part of Coffee county, is at the junction of the main line and the Waycross division of the Atlan tic & Birmingham railroad. It has an extensive trade in lumber, rosin and turpentine and had by the census of 1900 a population of 400. It has telegraph and express offices, a bank, a money order postofnce with rural free delivery, stores, school and churches. 
Nicholls, John C., was born: in Jones county in 1834. He at tended the William and Mary: college in Virginia, studied law and was admitted to the bar. He served in the Confederate army dur ing the war; was a member of the state constitutional convention in 1865; presidential elector :for the First district in 1868; was elected state senator in 1870;'served for five years, during which time he was a member of the committee which investigated the affairs of Governor Bullock;:was a delegate to the Democratic national convention at St. Louis in 1876; was elected representa tive in Congress as a Democrat in 1878 and again in 1882. He died Dec. 25, 1893. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
713 
 
Nicholson, a town in the::eastern part of Jackson county, is on 
 
the Athens & Lula division;: of the Southern railway system, and in 
 
1900: reported a population ;e| 152. : ;lt :has a money order post- 
 
office,: with several ffse:; delwfffy roules:; emanating from it, express 
 
and tefegraph offices,:::ao(i: ?:s::;:the: p^mci&al: trading and shipping 
 
point :iri that part of the :eoSnty. : :: ::; -.--.. 
 
-; 
 
with a population of 
 
; ; ; ; ; I:t: i : Hand; ; : 
 
: :|H: 
 
;;: :tefegmps ' >tHces,: some mer- 
;' there ; Sher- 
Geii. 
 
bM: sa: : |lie : BK^Hlog: : 
 
g; : |foo||Mej-e: iw ttllsirii wfi: biy 
 
-.-; Nicfeajack: :ap:^~-ti : : ii<tsegtem: : e<i:fgia: : :t:ee: ; ftr \ isw<s : tnsuh- 
 
taiis- passes-; livoo^s i as : ; east: af|:: west ! : J? jcfeaj acit Jjitg:. ; ; ; ; iThei ; former 
 
is : throah Misgieraary :Ridgesaad the latter through Lookout Moun 
 
tain. Aii>un:c!:::t:b:ese- passes: there was;:: considerable skirmishing in 
 
the spring of 1864, as : the Federal army was preparing for its ad 
 
vance toward:. Atlanta. 
 
-;:- 
 
Nickajack Trace.--A skirmish occurred on this trail on April 23, 
 
1864, at a point about seven; Hniile&Hs&wth of Ringgold, where a 
 
small picket post of the Niaety-seeoM ; Illinois was surprised and 
 
routed by a body of Wheelr-s: cavalw- 
 
Nile, a village of Brooks county, is <an the South Georgia & West 
 
Coast railroad, about half-way between Morven and Quitrnan. 
 
It has a money order postoffice, some mercantile and shipping in 
 
terests, and in 1900 reported a population of 154. 
 
Nisbet, Eugenius A., jurist and statesman, was born near Union 
 
Point, Green county, Dec. 7, 1803. He graduated at Franklin col 
 
lege in 1821, read law for about eighteen months in the office of 
 
A. S. Clayton, then went to Litchfield, Conn., where he took a 
 
course in the law school of Judge Gould, and was admitted to the 
 
bar by a special act of the legislature before he reached his major 
 
ity. In a few years he succeeded in building up a large practice, 
 
when he entered politics at; the time the Troup and Clarke con 
 
test was at its height. He took the side of Governor Troup ; was 
 
elected to the lower branch of the legislature, where he served 
 
three years, at the end of which time he was elected to the state 
 
senate. In 1838 he was elected to Congress on the Whig ticket 
 
 714 
 
CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
and was reflected at the close of his first term. When the su preme court was created he was chosen one of the justices and ; occupied a seat on the bench for eight years. It is said he drew the original resolutions in the secession convention of 1861, and was a member of the Confederate provisional congress. He died .at Macon March 18, 1871. 
Nisbet, Rev. William Alonzo, who has been pastor of Westminster Presbyter ian church in the city of Savannah since 1893, was born near Conyers, Newton county, Ga., Oct. 24, 1858, a son of John Alexander and Martha (Conine) Nisbet, the former of whom was born in New ton county, in 1827, and the latter in Clayton county, Ga., in 1833. The pa ternal grandfather, Robert Nisbet, was born in the city of Belfast, Ireland, his parents being native of Scotland, and he was twelve years of age at the time the family immigrated to America. He was reared to maturity in South Carolina and Georgia and was a soldier in the war of 1813. For many generations the family have been devoted members of the Presbyterian church. Rev. William A. Nisbet was afforded the advantages of Columbia seminary, S. C., and Davidson col lege, N. C., after which he passed three years in the Southwestern Presbyterian university, at Clarksville, Tenn., in which he was graduated as a member of the class of 1888, with the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Divinity. He has been engaged in pastoral labors since 1888, having been licensed and ordained a minister of the Presbyterian church by the Presbytery at Atlanta, in June of that year. He was pastor of the church at Carrollton, Ga., for four years, and for the ensuing two years held the pastor ate of the Presbyterian church in Cedartown, Polk county, whence he was called to his present important charge in 1893. He has accomplished a noteworthy work within the twelve years of his pastorate of Westminster church, is held in the most unqualified esteem in the community, and is one of the prominent and influ ential clergyman of his church in the state. Mr. Nisbet is identi fied with the Sigma Alpha Epsilon college fraternity. On April 24, 1889, was solemnized his marriage to Miss Leila Robb, of Clarksville, Tenn., a daughter of Alford and Mary (Conrad) Robb. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
715 
 
Of the children of this union only one is living, Edward Robb Nis- 
 
bet, who was born in Savannah, July 19, 1900. 
 
Noah, a post-village of Jefferson county, is on the Augusta 
 
Southern railroad, near the Richmond county line. It had in 1900 
 
a population of 50 and is a trading center for that part of the 
 
county. 
 
Noble, a post-village of Walker county, is on the Central of 
 
Georgia railroad, about ten miles north of Lafayette. The rail 
 
road name is CopelaM's Station. 
 
: iNolan, a post-hamlet; of Morgan county, is near the.Walton 
 
cohorts ; line and is five miles: west of Farmington, which is the 
 
nearest ;faijroad: ; station. 
 
;. 
 
: 
 
Noaa, a post-harnlet.of Putiiam county, is on the Milledgeville 
 
& Coviiigton division :of. the Central of Georgia railway. The rail 
 
road name is Dennis Station. 
 
; 
 
Noonday Creek is :a -small, stream in Cobb county. Along its 
 
banks in the spring of 1864 there was considerable skirmishing be 
 
tween the Federal and Confederate forces. On June 15th General 
 
Wheeler defeated the!Federal cavalry, and on the 21st he repeated 
 
the exploit, his loss in the latter engagement being 53, while that 
 
of the enemy was reported as 280. 
 
Norcross, a town in the northwestern part of Gwinnett county, 
 
is located on the Southern Railway, and was incorporated by act 
 
of the legislature in 1870. It has express and telegraph offices, 
 
several stores, good schools and churches and contains in its cor 
 
porate limits a population of 797. It has also a bank, and a money 
 
order postoffice with rural free delivery. 
 
Normal and Industrial College.--This is a state institution, lo 
 
cated at Milledgeville, and was founded to train young ladies for 
 
the work of teaching according to the best known methods. Ex- 
 
Gov. W. Y. Atkinson introduced the bill in the legislature provid 
 
ing for its establishment. The state donated twenty acres of  
 
ground, the cornerstone was laid on Nov. 27, 1890, and the school 
 
opened on the last day of September, 1891. It accommodates about 
 
400 students and the main building, which cost about $50,000, is a 
 
model of school architecture. 
 
Norris, Marshall J., the efficient and popular chief of police of 
 
Augusta, was born in Warren county, Ga., Nov. 7, 1867. He is a 
 
son of Joseph M. and Mary (Reynold) Norris, both natives of 
 
Georgia, the former born in Glascock and the latter in Warren 
 
county. Joseph M. Norris, who is now a successful farmer of Wash 
 
ington county, served in the Confederate ranks during the four years 
 
 716 
 
of the : Civil war:as:s-member of the Fifty-fotii?-i:8|-;iQ<i.^giei 
 
infantry. His-:wife died in 1899, and of their cMttreri: eight! are lis-:;! 
 
ing, Marshall:^:; Norris was educated in private scliaels in : WaTiKa 
 
bounty, having been rea: r*PcOge home 
 
ipla'Htatibn. At the age of ^ifjMn ;years he 
 
secured employment in a grist rriiii!, at Nor 
 
wood, Warren county, wher:;}je,ri>j!ri'ailifi;i; 
 
ifive years, being the engineer :&{-::the rail': 
 
:at the time of his withdrawal. Ij3!ft888;;.fe 
 
:took up his residence in Augusta; and: :iia 
 
October, 1890, he became a patrolman ;m 
 
the local police department, thus serving, 
 
seven years, at the expiration of which lie 
 
was promoted to the office of sergeant,; 
 
continuing to render efficient and discrim 
 
inating service in this capacity for three 
 
years, at the expiration of:which, on Jan. 12, 1901, he was promoted; 
 
to his present responsible office, for which he is admirably fitted, both 
 
by experience and naturallattributes of character. He maintains ex 
 
cellent discipline: in his department :and :feas the confidence and es- 
 
teem: of its::memj3rs, ::as:|weil:::3:s::g>f the;g:Reral public. He is a :?ii!?ira!):er::of-*&& Jnternajj<50ai ; association : of chiefs of police; is a 
 
Democrat in his political proclivities; is affiliated with the Benev 
 
olent and Protective Order of Elks, the Independent Order of Odd 
 
Fellows, and the Knights of Pythias. On Dec. 22, 1884, he was 
 
married to Miss Sarah Louise Thompson, daughter of R. B. 
 
Thompson,' of Norwood, and she was summoned to the life eternal 
 
on April 6, 1904. They became the parents of ten children, of 
 
whom five are living, namely: Robert K., Katie, Clifford E., Mc- 
 
Kinley Gordon, and Sarah: Louise. 
 
Norristown, a village in the western part of Emanuel county, is 
 
on the Dover & Brewton division of the Central of Georgia rail 
 
way, and in 1900 had a population of 116. It has a money order 
 
postoffice and is a trading and shipping point of some importance 
 
to that section of the county. 
 
:: 
 
North, Abraham C., M. D., of Newnan, is the dean of the medical 
 
profession in Coweta county, where he has been engaged in active 
 
practice for two score years and has accomplished a noble work as 
 
a friend of humanity and an able member of his profession. He was 
 
born on the homestead plantation, near Newnan, Oct. 26, 1838, a 
 
son of Anthony and Mary (Hubbard) North, both natives of Ogle- 
 
thorpe county, Ga., the former born Jan. 30, 1795, and the latter 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
717 
 
Dec. 29, 1803. Robert North:, father of Anthony North, and John Hubbard, father of Mary (Habbard) North, both served throughout 
 
the war of the Revolution,: in. the command of Col. William Bailey, 
 
::aa::ancle to Robert North, They took part 
 
::la:::::t:h<j:: :b3ttlas of Cowpens and Guilford 
 
::besides participating: :in 
 
of scarcely less 
 
were present at 
 
^Ga. Anth6ny;;Nqrtb, 
 
^served under Gen. 
 
of 1612:;::A:fter 
 
::aC3,tlfeaw,- Dn:::A:|jra- 
 
: :<; S;K;red tM mtti icai -lepart- 
 
eirsitj': of : ifo :<trty &t \ Ifew 
 
giKttlaated:: as a:: memijer -fyi 
 
.......................... 
 
tB!d!e|:-fe<5!<if ^g^pr 
 
of M:<iifieiH^::J:Tfe:t}iH:ri:F*J^ sion :did 3:Qi:l>sng; :cia):m ;!ii| :S:tte8:tiQ:!V: s;o far as private practice; :w:as:: 
 
concerned, :::::W:li?j: ; the ;war^ between the states was inaugurated! he Tvas oHe::<if the first to tender his services to the Confederate 
 
government. :: : :On May 31, 1861, he enlisted as orderly sergeant in Company A, Seventh Georgia volunteer infantry, with which he 
 
took part in the first batifeof Missassas and also in that of Yorktown. He finally became^asibistaKtisaEgeon :of :his regiment, served three years ;io.this capael%i: with :th:e^^ank of captain, and surren dered with his command :at Raieigfy N. C. After the war he "en 
 
gaged in the practice of his profession at Senoia, Coweta county, where he remained until 1883, when he removed to Newnan, :the 
 
county seat, where he has since made his home, and followed the work of his profession. No physician is better known in this part of the state and none held in higher popular esteem, while the 
 
affectionate regard of many of the representative families of the county is accorded him, by reason of the able and kindly ministra 
 
tion which he has given within the long years of .his active profes 
 
sional labor. Doctor North is a valued member of the Medical 
 
Association of Georgia and the Central railway surgical associa tion, being at the present time a member of the surgical staff of 
 
the Western of Alabama :: railroad. He is a member of the board 
 
of education of Newnan; iis affiliated with the local lodge, chapter and commandery of the Masonic fraternity; is a stanch supporter 
 
of the principles of the Democratic party, but has never sought or 
 
held official preferment in:a political way; and is a prominent m'em- 
 
 718 
 
:C 
 
her of the Missionary Baptist church. On jEaeSg*; 1865, he: 
 
united in marriage to Miss Martha: Yates Baiiesi, daughter: :g|H 
 
Henry Jaefe<3S!: and Rebecca Jane (Atkinson) BaSryv of Coweta 
 
county, aftssiifeUowing ai-fe; the names: of the childtaniioi this union.; 
 
the respect^'<?:: dates of ; birth being entered in co:atiii:|:tsa::: Henry 
 
Haryeplfpfi: 8, 1866< Mary Anthony, June l:3; 
 
Lamargiiiiareh 20, 1870; Lucy Lewis, Feb. 15, JpS^iind 
 
Dixonj:;::May 2, 1877. Dr. North is not only a successful 
 
fiiaOfiitfie oldest practitioner of Newnan, but he is also ene of the 
 
coetsty's most prominent and useful citizens. He is a leader: ; in 
 
e;vBFj-: good movement that has for its object the upbuilding oi"'-ihift". 
 
town and county; is a man of high intellectuality and mature Judg 
 
ment, and his influence in all the relations of life is feeneffegnfe 
 
Although he is modest and unassuming, his strong personality 
 
impresses itself upon all who come to know him. A gentlemas 
 
of the old school, descended from a long line of distinguished aaV 
 
cestors, he is as charming socially as he is popular in a personal 
 
way. 
 
; 
 
;;' 
 
North, John A., retired banker and representative citizen of Atfc- 
 
gusta, where he has-made his home for more than half a century, 
 
wsis:::bt>rn:;:m: tSe: &i^M :JsJew Irark, Bee,^S, 1831, :;.He is a son of 
 
j"s)|ja : /and ; Larana: j;:i^Dwe) North, both natives of Farmington, 
 
Conn., and representatives of families founded in New England 
 
in the early colonial era. The parents of John A. North removed 
 
from the national metropolis to Augusta, Ga., in 1817, the future 
 
city being at -that time scarcely more than a trading post. The 
 
southern climate proved inimical to the health of the mother, how;- 
 
ever, and about 1825 the family returned to New York city, later 
 
the parents again taking up their abode in their native state of 
 
Connecticut, where they passed the remainder of their lives. Dur 
 
ing his residence in Augusta John North was engaged in mercan 
 
tile pursuits. He had made his first visit to Augusta as a young 
 
man, during the progress of the war of 1812, and an incident of 
 
his earlier career was the hauling of a wagon-load of cotton ovet>. 
 
land from Augusta to Philadelphia, Pa., this being before the era 
 
of railroad construction had been ushered in. On the return trip 
 
he brought a load of general merchandise, which constituted the 
 
nucleus of the successful business built up by him in Augustav 
 
When his wife came to join him, in 1817, she made the trip on the 
 
first steamboat that plied the Savannah river, that being the initial 
 
trip completed by the little vessel. John A. North passed his boy 
 
hood and early youth in New Haven, Conn., where he was edu- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
719 
 
cated in a private school. In 1850, at the age of nineteen years, he took up his residence ;iil Augusta, where his father had been a 
 
pioneer so many years previously. Prior to the Civil war he was a bank teller, and during;;the progress: of the great conflict between 
 
the;states he was a tellerfctbe ^Confederate; States depository in Augusta. ; After the wat:;!j was;: actively identified with banking interests in that city< J?a:vmg::fea for ters years president of the Commercial bank(:;:btiS;;r^sl^nfe*i:::tJii:s;;|5osi(,ian :in 1885, since: which 
 
;tjap:;he hsslililved irfet;irMiNiiilJiil5lS;!!a!;;IMy;t:iul :home in the city, .to 
 
wlipe jitfet;uy;Ji^ 
 
in large meas 
 
ure;! ;!!:Us;! ii'5; : a;! stneh!!!sHjJprter mt\ ;th;e;hpmeiples.iand policies of 
 
tljgiilJemScssiiC;J>s;rt:y:;;- m ;;;i>sam|r(:p:;Tmmber of the Presfeyterian 
 
chaisch;;;.; pesistesfc;; &t. ; t-ftg! 3[mm Giles's i; li|ary association;-j. : c|iajr- 
 
mal&lbf^i^ijoaEd;;;^::!^! 
 
tor; ;of the;; ^.xigus t& ; mfete*; as^tjiii!;!;; ;;a: siember. of; ;the Commercial Cliib:,; asf!;;;ret;iias;;;&;;ser|';;;iivJ3?!!Isfe^e&t; \m sll; y$Mt\ ;cesee;m& She welfare; : ot : the: city;;);;^h^fei fee;:!t;is So ;tesig ;made ; h;fe; 
 
Jan. ::8, 3M^;]V[r;!HartIiM:ts unjfecJittr marriage to Miss MciKenzifi^who was borii in Augusta in 1832, of Scotch parentage. She was summoned to the life eternal April 5, 1903, survived by six children,:: namely: Henry M,, engaged in the insurance busi 
ness in Augusta; Philips.Si, individually mentioned in a following paragraph; Ernest M.,;;a;; ;comf;Ri;ssbn: agent for the Atlantic Coast Line railway, .with hfeii^cparttJt-sfiiiiiHiAiigUsta; Frank M., engaged in the cotton busmes&Htn^.Maeon;;;;;&urafia; Rowe, wife of Cecil Cochran, of Augusta; and Miss;;Mary Craig North, who remains 
 
at the paternal home. 
 
North, Philip S., the able collector and 
 
treasurer of the city of Augusta, was 
 
born in that city, Jan. 17, 1866, and is a 
 
son of John A. North, a sketch of whose 
 
life appears in this compilation. Philip 
 
S. was graduated at the Richmond acad 
 
emy in Augusta, as a member of the 
 
class of 1882, being sixteen years of age 
 
at the time. Prior to 1892 he was em 
 
ployed principally in a clerical capacity 
 
in cotton and railroad offices, and in the 
 
year mentioned the city council of Au 
 
gusta elected him clerk of the council and city auditor, in which dual office he served until 1896, when he was elected to his present responsible position, in which he has 
 
 720 
 
;; 
 
contiguously, /raisaiffed since that time, having: sou: ::e:aeh 
 
bees: i'eeleeted::Without opposition and having gSmc:d:::ihe.-most^iip; 
 
equivocal <soa}Hii?adation ?for his ability and fidelity:::as::a public : ;o~ ; : 
 
ficial. Mr;::fsferih was a-me-mber/of the! OglethorpliiiKfaiilTy for^a : 
 
number efspars, is a Democrat in :his political prscS cities and is : 
 
a memb<??::<3*' the Presbyterian church. He was married J?ov. : 11; 
 
1905;::o Iran's Field Black of Atlanta, Ga. 
 
: iiP -^ : :\ \ 
 
Northea, a post-village: of Hancock county, with a pbiiJuiiation: s 
 
57. is::-aJ>out six miles northeast of Sparta and four miles :orth eL 
 
Cuiysfion, which is the nearest railroad station. 
 
-.-.' ;;;; ; 
 
Niorthen, William ]., was born in Jones county, July 9, 1835. Pie; 
 
graduated at Mercer university in 1853 and the following year be 
 
gan teaching as an assistant to Dr. C. P. Beman in the Mount ZHHI: 
 
high school, later becoming Doctor Beman's successor. At tJfe 
 
beginning of the war he ^enlisted as a private in a company co:nj;- 
 
manded by his father, who was at that time seventy years of ags. : 
 
After the war was over he taught in Hancock county until 1874,: 
 
when he gave up the work on account of his health arid engaged 
 
in agricultural pursuits. I He :.was. a delegate to the-.DemocraKe; 
 
state ^convention:: of 18 6^-Hth:e: fir* Rafter ithe warj:a Hismber of the : 
 
tis^::<>;t:^^^ 
 
: to: the legislature: in 188ft :;. 
 
::as:vite~pre:s;iderii:^nd:p^gident of the Agricultural Society; 
 
active in the work of the; Farmers' Alliance and the organization, 
 
of farmers' clubs, and in 1890 was elected governor. Since re-, 
 
tiring from the governor's office he has been at the head of the 
 
Georgia Immigration and Investment Bureau. 
 
:: 
 
Norwood, an incorporated town of Warren county, is on the 
 
main line of the Georgia railroad, about five miles west of Camak. 
 
It has a money order postoffice, with rural free delivery, /express 
 
and telegraph offices, some mercantile interests, schools, churches, 
 
etc., and in 1900 reported a population of 299. 
 
:; ii; 
 
Norwood, Thomas M., was born in Talbot county in : 1830. Hs 
 
attended school at Culloden, Monroe county, graduated at iEmsty: 
 
college in 1850, and soon after began the practice of law at Savatj-::; 
 
nah. He was a member of the legislature in 1861; was choses-ii-: 
 
ternate elector for the state-at-large on the Seymour ana: ::B!air 
 
ticket in 1868; was elected United States senator in 1871; tbokTps 
 
seat on December 19, of:that year, after contesting the election 
 
with Foster Blodgett, and was again chosen representative :in 
 
Congress in 1884 and 1886; At the present time (1906) he is judge 
 
of the city court of Savannah. 
 
: :: 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
721 
 
Nose's Greek, a small -stream inlCobb county, unites with Mud creek to form the Sweetwater,: During the fighting around Mari etta:^!; the/spring o;iS84;;ftMre:were;Sg^^^ skirmishes along this creel;;; ; notably on the SftSilofcJtj.tte,: ; when Wheeler engaged and;: de feated: a :: Detachment ;o?; :::l?6cfer3l:::eayaify- There; was also; some skir*H3Shing; ;het-e m\ $ie! ; e8rj;|; ; slays; \M : tfea-: following Q ctober duping 
; ;raid. j :; ;;;;:;: ; ; ; ; .;;;;;;; ; ; ;-|; ; s ; ; ; &; : ; ; m ; ; ; ;:; ; ;:; : ; ; : : ; : : : ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;"  : ; ; : \: : :  ;J;; 0 ; >>*G?5f3i;ffi;eMi8i;astSf^g:;:iire; ; s|>g<3i;fJt<si te ; ;a; term ;<3f: ;four v; ; ;isave ; ; a||tSfip;  ; fe3; ; g||est; ; ;^;ee<;l:5; sanxl; ; : roortgages : sand 
 
; ;<* ; ;i<^g|i^ge^|*faiiiissef5?; ;;c>t:e;s; ; are: ; ;eg9ts;jBSe by pe; esdeirsem^ai ; of; *te|sstwgei; ;^peg ; j>aya|jle ; t^Mszer ; a;re;:;tr;insfera;bj ^l^SH t; ! te&ilespsleit; ;:;-|||||^| ;;;8<l ; ; ;bi|ls; ;l^f;:; ssxc^attge ;.: in- 
 
ten ?IM: far; ;jiegdJiati>s ; ;t8i'!8 
if ^ ot; ; i>sli; ; ;at; ; m^ti*y;.;; la ;; 
bills : iti lading; ; MM \ ;wa;re&osse receipts :are : HegotiaSsie iis; ; tlje ; satne: : 
 
mailer as;mils-! or ;essliaH|re asid ; ;grQ:miBsory notes. Endorsemehta : 
 
may;;li;e:;|j(inJt;ed: by^s^eciled restrictions, and all acceptances of 
 
bills;;;8;iirst;;ie;:tnLwrii*int^| Where ;a;npte falls due on a legal holi- 
 
daystt; does ;;ri;*;;niatiHre;;u;t;jl; : the;; day: following. If the holiday fall 
 
on Siitur8ay;;tfae s<5ts;;l3eeiSineis :i|a;e:;;oTi:; Monday. 
 
; 
 
Novetta,; ; ;a; ; ;gt>sfeK:stmIet;Bra V t&s:: jno^thlern : ; part : :of Forsyth county, 
 
is not far ^osslS;e;;i3;aw;5(M; caiit^^ltie; ; 3?lowery Branch is;; the 
 
most convenient railroad ;:s:latia;3u: ; ;;;; ; ; ::.;: ; ;; : ;: 
 
. : ::: : 
 
Nunez, a town in Emanuel countyj ;was incorporated^ by act of 
 
the legislature on August 6, 1903, It is located on the Dover; & 
 
Brewton division of the Central of Georgia railway, about ten 
 
miles northwest of Stillmore. 
 
:;: : 
 
Nunn, Richard Joseph, M. D., one of the old and eminent pliy- 
 
sicians of Savannah, was born in County Wexford, Ireland, Dec. '13; 
 
1831. In early life he came to America and located at Savannah, 
 
where he prepared himself for the profession of physician and sur 
 
geon, for which he manifested a natural bent, and in which he after 
 
ward won an enviable reputation. In the spring of 1861 he entered 
 
the military service of the; state as a private in the Oglethorpe siege 
 
artillery, and when the organization was mustered into the Con 
 
federate service he went with it as first lieutenant of his battery. 
 
Shortly afterward he was promoted to captain of the company, 
 
which he commanded with skill and gallantry for about two years. 
 
His battery became Company D, Twenty-second battalion, Georgia 
 
46-- ii 
 
; 
 
 723 
 
: : : ; elelifESl A OF 
 
artilleiy,: coinniatssfei:! by:; Col, W-illiam R. duty::in def:esse::::e>f :Savamiah. In 1863 he was; eojapijled to from active; :sasr*JEe on account pf failing health,: :|j:Qfe::femained::;ojj;; 
;:;<iii|y: in :the hespitals of S^SJmsh, where i 5he:; labored wittl skill and::3e9tiGJi in ;Se^-; half of his comrades and tfeg;segagg ; of::th : : South. After the return of ^ease; Doctor : :Nunn took up the work of his: profession: in Savannah and became one of the most : :eminent physicians in the state. His :3sl ; :has been one of study and self saerifice; : :as the following incident will: show. ; :About the beginning of 1876, his health :having become impaired by arduous labor, : he left Savannah for a trip abroad. Be: had been absent from the country but a: : short time when the yellow fever broke out at Savannah: : and he at once returned to assist in fighting that dread: malady. On Nov. <S( - 187:6^ :: the State medical xassoEiatiojj: passed. : this resolution r : ;;''R(}g^lyed:v^-at::::a lale:::ifnee:ting : :G the Geor- : gi& : : : : HjedieSl: : : : : :s<ielty : : : ::y?<m ^m^mssed : : : : :th : : : : filep : : I :pifeligation to }icH ; Hjediea|H ;gea:t3^tjij SffDni abroad ;who s<5v:;-kl &<%;;.; came to our aid. To one of ourselves, for many years an active member of this society, endeared : to all of us by kindly associations, we feel that in an especial manner our thanks are due. Dr. R. J. Nunn, worn out and debilitated by incessant labor, extending over many years, had left the city for a prolonged European tour, in order to regain and restore his health. After an absence of only a few months, when he learned of our distressed state and of the deadly pestilence raging in our midst, in the city where he had passed his professional life, he at once sacrificed his own pleas ure and came first to our assistance, and to this time has worked with untiring energy. We deem such conduct worthy of emula tion by our profession, and now that the epidemic may be said to have ceased, and he is again going to leave, probably for years, we bid him God speed." This resolution was published in the Savan nah papers and was spread on the minutes of the association, where it stands as a testimonial: to the professional devotion of Doctor Nunn. A protracted stay in Europe gave him better health, but he has never been able to undergo the strenuous labors of former years. Doctor Nunn is prominent in Masonic circles. He was made a Mason in Zerubbabel Lodge, No. 15, of Savannah, in 1853. 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
723 
 
Subsequently he took the eJiapter and council degrees in that city, and in 1863 was made a : !Kmght Templar in St. Omer Commandery^No. 2, of Macon, ;  Ja:;l865 he received the degrees of the Ancieiit^and Accepted Scottisfe Rite, tip to the thirty-second, and in November of that year:^asi laadtaa honorary member of the! 33. Ort !0ct. 16, 1888, W /waljpade^art active working member of the 
while in;.Erigla8:|H|e:recef!?g::tfe Degree of the Royal Or;. aii^he important offices in 5&sNiieen a: prominent figdre many years. He;: still 
: : ariina:!! ^fe^IM; ::(|:; iii^grg?!My:h^oJiQredaiid respected as \ |a|: -feilfei ilia 3 "Safe ;tp i ifewi-liePi: Ifee; :b;at: :of: : ffie; day^' aw aiting TBisI : riot; :<Jr:ead:mg; ^M iftSll : p: *fe| "tetsd Master; "from: labor to ! : re- 
 
WilMH,; president: of 
 
: eral merchaiivs/ : county, has been tion and mercantile interests in: ;thfe county from his youth to the present, and he is one of the substantial and hon ored citizens of this favored section of the Empire state of the south. He was born on a plantation in Screyen county, Oct. 21, 1847, a son of Rey, Wilkins H. and Mary Ann (Ennis) Nunnally,: the former of whom was born in Virginia and the latter in Screvea! county. Both died in the year 1866, Mrs. Nunnally having survived her honored husband by only five months. The father was a clergyman of the Methodist Episcopal church South, and was an earnest and devoted laborer in this call ing, besides having landed interests in Screven county. Robert W. Nunnally was afforded the advantages of the schools of his na tive county and was a mere boy at the time of the inception of the Civil war. Before its close, however, he- was enabled to give evi dence of his loyalty to the cause of the Confederacy, and was iden tified with the artillery i arm of the military service of the south during the last eighteen! months of the great fratracidal conflict. After the war he located on a plantation in Screven county and there he continued operations uninterruptedly until entering his present business enterprise, having in the meanwhile conducted a general store on his plantation. In January, 1905, he took up his 
 
 724 
 
:::::pJapEDIA OF 
 
residence in SyJyaiiia, the county seat>: where he^keeame associates^: 
 
with; James :13;:;pevvrnan in the :organization and :|n:G9rporation:::<5^ the Nunnall^Mswman :Company, of which he isiiipresident, Mr^i 
 
Newman; :l:*!fig secretary :an;d treasury The concerii::faas a large; 
 
and weli igpipped general store and ienjoys a liberal patronage;; based;:0s:pg: unqualified confidence and esteem in ^liieJi the in-: teK>^M::;f:>nn:cipals are held in the community. Mr. Muinnally is: 
 
alsa a flSeetor of the Screven County bank. Although aligned as; 
 
a-stasdi supporter of the principles of the Democratic party and; taking- : a loyal interest in public affairs, he has never desired or 
 
hgS4; :office. He and his: wife are members of the Methodist. Epis 
 
copal ; church South. In 1882 Mr. Nunnally was united in mar-!: 
 
riage to Miss Ada Maria Watters, daughter of the late William': 
 
Watters, of Screven county. They have no children. 
 
Nutting, James Robert, of Atlanta, is 
 
state manager for Georgia of the Provi 
 
dent Savings Life Assurance Society, of 
 
New .York. : He w;w$:-:!:>arq ; :at LAimpkin,;! 
 
::Stewart:County, Ga^iiS&p^iip.iilSlO, a son: 
 
Eurber :M;!:i:;:g,;:^(3fjj:;in Ver- 
 
i82^:W^v^)^ 
 
Niit- 
 
; tiog, born in Georgia;: in'lgSf;;: ; The Nut 
 
ting family was founded m^Sfew Eng 
 
land more than two and one-half cen 
 
turies ago. The original American pro 
 
genitor was one of the founders of 
 
Groton, Mass., and was killed in King 
 
Philip's war, which fact entitles the subject of this review to mem 
 
bership in the patriotic order known as Sons of Colonial Wars. 
 
John Nutting was a captain in the Massachusetts troops at the 
 
battle of Bunker Hill and was a prominent figure in the annals of 
 
the old Bay State for many years after the close of the Revolution. 
 
Mr. Nutting is also a descendant of the well known Boynton fam ily and of the Furber family, both of New England. Each of these 
 
families was prominently represented in the war for Independence 
 
and through both lines Mr. Nutting is eligible to membership in 
 
the Sons of the Revolution. Members of the Boynton family came 
 
to Georgia at an early day, and the late Governor Boynton was of 
 
close kinship to Mr. Nutting. On the maternal side he is de scended from the Lane and Williams families of North Carolina, 
 
both of these having furnished many distinguished representatives to the nation. Mr. Nutting was educated in the schools of At- 
 
 CYCLOPEDIA OF GEORGIA 
 
725 
 
lanta, where he has resided from his childhood days. For the past sixteen years he has: :been prominently; identified with the in surance business in hia-native state,: and for twelve years has been state manager of the P:rq*ident Savings Life Assurance Society of New York, for which fclias busR: up a large business in the;; terri tory under his jurisdiction: IK  ISOi he was honored with election to the presidency of the :Cife0rg:iasssaci:ati8H:of life insurers, an organ isation whose K;s:nib;eM55it) ::cai5fgEiges ^nearly all of the life^insuraaee managers afillife.iltitfe^'i-iil^fiO^^lcs;.;^:^ Nutting is a stanch aslSereM: of: the DeKsa^rsSie IjsartyiiHllIe^Kas been a trustee!of the C'sniegie: library :6f >&tIaa:i;a ; ireit8:;:S&e: tiroe of its organization, :and has: served the full :Smi:t;::of: :t\s;:>:::t:eS!ns:; :as president of the aboard. Fera number of:years::;hfe: has::also iakgu:a deep interest in lyceum work, having been president:-of; the Atlanta lecture association from 190S to 1905. 0e : feas: safe: ::<sl:;:the finest private libraries in the state, having made a spedalty: ;6>f autograpfe.ed: copies j)ii the works of prominent authors. He has a large nmm>er::Q|:: books inscribed by many of the most famous authors now living:or. re cently deceased, and a visit to his library in his beautiful home on Merritt's avenue, is an interesting and instructive experience. He is a member of the Capital City club, the Piedmont Driving club, the Atlanta chamber of commerce, and is a zealous member of the First Methodist Episcopal church South, of whose official board he is chairman. Mr. Nutting is a bachelor. 
Nye, George S., president and general manager of the Georgia Grocery Company, whose fine retail establishment is located on the corner of Tenth an<| Broad streets in the city of Augusta, was borti in Marietta, Washington county, Ohio, May 16, 1862, a son of Dudley S. and Laura E. (Neale) Nye, the former born in Zanesville, Ohio, and the latter on historic Blennerhassett's island in the Ohio river, two miles below Parkersburg, W. Va. Dudley S. Nye was a prominent member of the bar of Ohio, and was the oldest member of his profession in Marietta at the time of his death, which occurred in February, 1901. He was a man of fine professional ability and left a distinct impress upon the history of his section of the old Buckeye State. The mother of George S. Nye died when he was but three years of age. George S. Nye was afforded the advantages, of the public schools of Marietta and sup plemented this training by a course in Marietta college. In his home town he initiated his business career by taking the position of bill clerk in the office of the Marietta & Cleveland railroad, re taining this incumbency four years, after which he served four 
 
 736 
 
-I! ^YpiE8I& -OF 
 
years as asssstagi pjstmaster of ^Marietta, undm !!M&\\ father, was postrosster; igring tfe: first a^iainistration:M\ i land, In 189f:|lr,: Nye reraoyed; t&; the South anliitCKjfeiiu;j) his resis dence in Aggssta, where.;fee; ;:^ias;lasg! Smpjltiyed as isalesmaa in the grocery o||i!::K>Kidwe3!:,: In ilMlihe engaged irt thifeiisSjaeHline of enterprise;lfi; Ms own account, establishing the StHerligrbfiery on 
8heet. In August, 1904, he sold this business:land on the following October organized and incorporated the G:eo;rg*a::Groeery Company, of which he has since been; president 3T?<i::general manager. The concern has one of the finest! estab lish meats of the sort in :the city and has secured a liberal and representative support. In politics Mr. Nye is a stanch Democrat and M manifests a lively sinterest in all that concerns the welfare 
of his adopted city.