State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 The Performance of State Charter Schools in Georgia, 2016/17 By Tim R. Sass, Ph.D. Distinguished University Professor Department of Economics Andrew Young School of Policy Studies Georgia State University March 20, 2018 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Table of Contents Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................... 3 I. Introduction and Background.................................................................................................... 7 II. Results All State Charters..................................................................................................... 14 A. Value-Added and Student Growth Model Estimates....................................................................14 B. Summary of Findings .............................................................................................................................. 15 III. Results Individual School Summaries................................................................................ 31 Atlanta Heights Charter School ................................................................................................................... 32 Brookhaven Innovation Academy.............................................................................................................. 44 Cherokee Charter Academy..........................................................................................................................47 Cirrus Academy Charter.................................................................................................................................59 Coweta Charter Academy .............................................................................................................................. 62 DuBois Integrity Academy ............................................................................................................................ 74 Foothills Education Charter High School ................................................................................................ 83 Fulton Leadership Academy.........................................................................................................................89 Georgia Connections Academy................................................................................................................. 104 Georgia Cyber Academy .............................................................................................................................. 110 Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics ................................................................................ 116 Graduation Achievement Charter High School (Formerly Provost Academy)..................... 122 International Charter School of Atlanta ............................................................................................... 128 Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett ................................................................................................. 134 Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls .............................................................................. 143 Liberty Tech Charter School...................................................................................................................... 155 Mountain Education Center....................................................................................................................... 158 Odyssey School ............................................................................................................................................... 164 Pataula Charter Academy ........................................................................................................................... 176 Scintilla Charter Academy.......................................................................................................................... 196 Southwest Georgia STEM Charter........................................................................................................... 205 Statesboro STEAM College, Careers, Arts & Technology Academy (formerly Charter Conservatory for Liberal Arts & Technology (CCAT)).................................................................... 206 Utopian Academy for the Arts .................................................................................................................. 220 IV. References............................................................................................................................ 229 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Appendix: Value Added Model Approach ................................................................................... 231 A. Value-Added Model Specification and Estimation .................................................................... 231 B. Value-Added Model Estimates .......................................................................................................... 235 2 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Executive Summary A total of 23 state charter schools operated in Georgia during the 2016/17 school year. For four of the schools, Brookhaven Innovation Academy, Cirrus Academy Charter, Liberty Tech Charter School and Southwest Georgia STEM Charter, 2016/17 was the first year of operation. Five of the schools, DuBois Integrity Academy, Foothills Education Charter High School, Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics, International Charter School of Atlanta and Scintilla Charter Academy, began operations in the 2015/16 school year. Thus, this report documents the performance of 23 state charter schools in 2016/17, the performance of 19 of those schools in 2015/16 and the performance of 14 of the currently operating schools in 2014/15. Two test-based measures of school performance are employed, value-added and mean student growth percentiles. The value-added measure is the result of a two-step process. In the first step, the difference between a student's actual score and their predicted score (which is based on their observable characteristics) is computed, then these differences are averaged across all tested students in a school. In the second step, adjustments to a school's score are made to account for the differences in the population of students it serves. The student-growthpercentile approach ranks each student's performance relative to that of other students with the same or similar test score history, and then averages these rankings across all tested students in a school. Each school's performance on these two metrics is compared to all other schools in the state and to other schools in the district or districts it serves (if the service area is not statewide). Relative school performance is reported for each subject-area or course exam taken by at least 15 students in a school, as well as for the cross-subject average of English Language Arts (ELA) and Math end-of-course exams. Key findings are: State charter schools are diverse and many provide learning environments that differ from those of traditional public schools. State charter schools vary along multiple dimensions, including grade levels, student demographics, instructional mode (face-to-face or virtual), curricular focus and geographic area served. Grade Levels o A plurality of state charters (9 of 23) serve a combination of elementary (K-5) and middle grades (6-8). o Four serve only elementary grades. o Two serve only middle school grades. o Three serve only high school grades (9-12). o Three schools serve elementary, middle and at least some high school grades. o The remaining two schools serve both middle and high school grades. Student Demographics o Three of the 23 schools are single-gender schools. o At six schools, African-American enrollment is 90 percent or more. o For two schools, the majority of students are directly certified, a proxy for economically disadvantaged that is defined as living in households receiving SNAP or TANF benefits, or are classified as homeless or migrants. 3 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 o One school has over twenty percent of its students classified as gifted, while nine schools report less than one percent of their students as gifted. Instructional Mode o Three of the 23 schools provide fully online course offerings. o The remaining 20 schools offer primarily face-to-face instruction. Geographic Area Served o Eight of the 23 schools accept students from a single school district only. o Four schools offer enrollment to students in multiple school districts. o The three fully-online virtual schools and eight of the "brick-and-mortar" schools allow students from throughout the state to attend. More than one quarter of state charter schools serving elementary grades perform at a level that one can say with 95 percent confidence is above the average public elementary school in the state with a similar student population. Sixteen state charter schools serve elementary grades. For four schools, the cross-subject average performance is above the state average for all elementary schools at a level that is statistically significant. For five schools, the cross-subject average performance is not distinguishable from the state average for all elementary schools in terms of statistical significance. For six schools, the cross-subject average performance is below the state average for all elementary schools at a level that is statistically significant. One school tested fewer than 15 students; therefore, its performance information cannot be reported. More than one third of state charter schools serving elementary grades within a defined attendance zone perform at a level at which one can be at least 95 percent certain they are performing better than the average of all elementary schools in their district(s). Of the 16 state charters serving elementary grades, eight have a non-statewide, defined attendance zone that includes one or more districts. For three of the eight, the crosssubject ELA and Math performance is above that of the average elementary school in their relevant district(s) at a level that is statistically significant. For four schools, the cross-subject average performance is not distinguishable from the average of all elementary schools in their relevant district(s) in terms of statistical significance. For one non-statewide charter school, the cross-subject average performance is below that of the average elementary school in its relevant district(s) at a level that is statistically significant. More than half of state charter schools serving middle grades perform below the average public middle school in the state with a similar student population at a level that is statistically significant. Sixteen state charter schools serve middle grades. 4 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 For two schools, their cross-subject average performance is above the state average for all middle schools at a level that is statistically significant. In five state charter schools, their cross-subject average performance is indistinguishable from the state average for all middle schools in terms of statistical significance. For nine state charter schools, their cross-subject average performance is statistically below the state average for all middle schools at a level that is statistically significant. Only one state charter school serving middle grades within a defined attendance zone performed at a level that is clearly better than the average of all middle schools in their relevant district(s). Ten state charter schools that serve middle grades have a non-statewide attendance zone that includes one or more school districts. One of the ten school's cross-subject ELA and Math performance is higher than the average middle school in its relevant district(s) at a level that is statistically significant. For four of the ten non-statewide schools, the cross-subject average performance is indistinguishable from the average middle school in their district(s) in terms of statistical significance. For five of the ten non-statewide schools, the cross-subject average performance is below the average middle school in their district(s) at a level that is statistically significant. The performance of state charter schools serving high school grades is uneven when compared to the average public high school in the state. Eight state charter schools serve grades 9-12. In five schools, their individual test-school performance is higher than the state average of all high schools in at least one subject and that difference is statistically significant. For seven schools, their individual test-school performance is indistinguishable from the state average of all high schools in at least one subject. In five schools, their individual test-school performance is below the state average of all high schools in at least one subject and that difference is statistically significant. Across the 54 test-school combinations: o the test-school performance was indistinguishable from the state average in 26 cases; o the test-school performance was below the state average in 18 cases and that difference is statistically significant; and, o the test-school performance was above the state average in 10 cases, with the difference being statistically significant. Small sample sizes at some of the tested schools, in part, contribute to their results being indistinguishable from the state. For the majority of subjects at the high school level, most state charters with non-statewide attendance zones perform at a level that is indistinguishable from the average high school in their district(s). 5 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Of the eight state charter schools that serve high schools grades, three are non-statewide and serve students in one or more school districts, representing 19 subject school combinations. For one school, its performance is indistinguishable from the district average in four of six subjects. In another school, its performance is indistinguishable from the district average in three of eight subjects. For the third school, its performance is indistinguishable from the district average in five of five subjects. 6 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 I. Introduction and Background Twenty-three state charter schools operated in Georgia during the 2016/17 school year. Even though the current State Charter Schools Commission (SCSC) has only been in operation since 2013, a number of the state charter schools began operation well before 2013. Some were originally formed as state chartered special schools or were initially chartered by the original Georgia Charter Schools Commission, which was declared unconstitutional by the Georgia Supreme Court.1 Table 1 summarizes information about the 23 schools that operated during the 2016/17 school year, including when the school opened, whether it is affiliated with an education management organization (EMO), grades served, curricular model, school calendar, delivery model (virtual vs. physical classrooms), attendance zone, and any special enrollment requirements (e.g., parental participation requirements or gender restrictions). The 23 schools are quite diverse in their structure, mission, and service area. For example, three of the 23 state charter schools are virtual schools, and many of the state charter schools target traditionally underserved populations. Three of the schools are single-gender schools. Less than half of state charter schools (8 of 23) serve students in a single school district, while the others either serve students from multiple school districts or the entire state. The state charter schools also vary considerably in the populations of students they serve, as illustrated in Table 2. Six of the 23 schools have student bodies consisting of 90 percent or more African-American students. In contrast, three have student populations in which 75 percent or more of the students are non-Hispanic whites. There is considerable diversity in proportions of Limited English Proficiency (LEP) students, students eligible for Free/Reduced-Price Lunch (FRL), Direct Certification Students, Students with Disabilities (SWD), and gifted students as well.2 1Details on the history of charter schools in general and more specifically state chartered schools, are contained in Georgia Department of Education (2012). 2The school-level FRL percentage is computed from individual-level data. If an individual student attended a school that participates in provision 2 of the Special Assistance Alternatives (SAS) or the Community Eligibility Provision (CEP), as provided by the Georgia Department of Education's School Nutrition Program, then the student is classified as FRL, no matter what his original individual designation. In general, Direct Certification refers to students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in a family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care, or are migrant. For the 2016/17 school year, data on foster care were delayed, so the direct certification percentage reported for the current year exclude students in foster care who do not meet any of the other criteria for direct certification. Since the income thresholds for SNAP and TANF benefits are lower than for free/reduced-price lunch, the direct certification percentage is generally lower than the FRL percentage in most schools. There are five SCSC schools where this is not the case, three of which have no students reported as FRL, suggesting the school either does not participate in the nutrition program or did not report FRL eligibility at the student level. 7 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Table 1: General Characteristics of State Charter Schools School Name Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation Grades Curriculum Focus School Year SingleGender School National Atlanta Heights 2010 Heritage K-8 Academies None Normal No Compass Learning: Brookhaven Innovation Academy 2016 No cross-curricula, K-6 STEM-focused; project-based Extended Day/Year No K-8 coding curriculum Cherokee Charter Academy 2011 Charter Schools USA K-8 None Normal No Cirrus Academy Charter 2016 No K-8 STEM + Arts Normal No Coweta Charter Academy 2010 Charter Schools USA K-8 None Normal No DuBois Integrity Academy 2015 No GA Common core K-5 standards with STEM Normal No and Arts integration Virtual/ Online School No No No No No No Serves Multiple Districts No Parental Involvement Requirement Not Specified Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in Atlanta Public Schools Zone Students Yes Not Specified residing in State of GA No 20 hours volunteer/year for one child, 30 hours/year for more than one child Students residing in Cherokee County Public Schools Zone Students Yes Not Specified residing in State of GA No 20 hours volunteer/year for one child, 30 hours/year for more than one child Students residing in Coweta County Public Schools Zone Students No 30 volunteer hours/year residing in Clayton County Public Schools Zone 8 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 School Name Foothills Education Charter High School Fulton Leadership Academy Georgia Connections Academy Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation 2015 No 2010 No 2011 Connections Academy Grades Curriculum Focus School Year Self-paced, individualized, 9-12 evening high school for students Year-round struggling at other schools STEM with focus on aviation and 6-12 aeronautics - Normal partnership with Civil Air Patrol K-12 Online Curriculum Normal SingleGender School No Boys Only No Georgia Cyber Academy 2014 K12 Inc. K-12 Online Curriculum Normal No Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics 2015 Graduation Achievement Charter High School (formerly Provost Academy) 2012 Classical education approach with career pathways for No K-7 secondary students Normal No (Linguistics, Nuclear Tech, Sustainable Ag, Entertainment Tech) No 9-12 Online Curriculum with STEM emphasis Normal No Virtual/ Online School No No Yes Yes No Yes Serves Multiple Districts Yes No Online Online Yes Online Parental Involvement Requirement Enrollment Restrictions Not Specified Students residing in State of GA 20 volunteer hours/year Not Specified Not Specified Students residing in Fulton County Public Schools Zone Students residing in State of GA Students residing in State of GA Not Specified Students residing in State of GA Not Specified Students residing in State of GA 9 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 School Name Calendar Year Opened International Charter School of Atlanta 2015 EMO Affiliation No Grades K-5 Curriculum Focus Language immersion emphasis (French, German, Spanish, Mandarin) School Year Normal SingleGender School No Virtual/ Online School No Curriculum is entirely Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett 2008 No 6-8 College Preparatory. Saturday Academy is available to Extended Day/Week/ Year Girls Only No struggling students. Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood 2011 Liberty Tech Charter School 2016 Mountain Education Charter School 2007 Curriculum is entirely No K-8 College Preparatory. Saturday Academy is available to Extended Day/Week/ Year Girls Only No struggling students. Classical/STEM No 3-8 hybrid, House System to learn college and career readiness, physical Extended Year: 210 days No No education daily Self-paced, individualized, No 9-12 evening high school for students Year-round No No struggling at other schools Serves Multiple Districts Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Parental Involvement Requirement Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified No Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in State of GA Students residing in Gwinnett, Fulton, and DeKalb County School districts Students residing in DeKalb County and Atlanta Public Schools zones Students residing in State of GA Students residing in State of GA 10 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 School Name Calendar Year Opened Odyssey School 2004 Pataula Charter Academy 2010 Scintilla Charter Academy 2015 Southwest Georgia STEM Charter Statesboro STEAM College, Careers, Arts & Technology Academy (CCAT) 2016 2002 EMO Affiliation No No No No No Grades Curriculum Focus School Year Multi-age classrooms - students grouped K-8 by skill level/Looping: students remain with teacher two years Expeditionary Learning: project based lectures and K-12 curriculum delivery/Looping: students remain with teacher for two years Normal Normal SingleGender School No No Project-based K-5 learning with emphasis on service Normal No learning Interdisciplinary, K-5 place-based paired Normal No with STEM Multi-age classrooms 6-12 - students grouped Year-round No by skill level Virtual/ Online School No No No No No Serves Multiple Districts No Yes Yes Yes No Parental Involvement Requirement 18 hours per academic year Not Specified 20 volunteer hours/year Not Specified 1 Hour of Service/week Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in Coweta County Public Schools Zone Students residing in Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, Randolph Public School districts Students residing in Lowndes County and Valdosta City School districts Students residing in State of GA Students residing in Bulloch County Public Schools Zone 11 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 School Name Calendar Year Opened Utopian Academy for the Arts 2014 EMO Affiliation No Grades 6-8 Curriculum Focus School Year Expeditionary Learning Curriculum. Single-gender instructional approach, and classes in the dramatic, media, and culinary arts. Extended Day/Week/ Year SingleGender School No Virtual/ Online School No Serves Multiple Districts Parental Involvement Requirement Enrollment Restrictions Attendance of a Students New Parent residing in No Orientation Clayton Meeting & sign County Public an agreement Schools Zone Sources: Georgia Department of Education (2010), Georgia Department of Education (2011), Georgia Department of Education (2016b), Georgia Department of Education (2016d), individual-level data from GAAWARDS and state charter school websites. Table 2: Students Served by State Charter Schools School Name Atlanta Heights Brookhaven Cherokee Cirrus Coweta DuBois Foothills Fulton Leadership GA Connections GA Cyber GA Innovation Grad Achievement International Pct. Female 49.6 46.0 49.1 55.5 52.0 51.8 45.4 0.0 53.7 51.9 49.3 49.6 53.4 Pct. White 0.1 43.0 72.1 5.3 79.2 0.5 54.2 0.0 50.6 50.0 69.4 23.0 39.7 Pct. Black 97.3 26.9 19.5 90.6 11.0 98.0 31.8 98.7 34.7 34.2 20.6 61.3 31.8 Pct. Hispanic 1.9 19.4 3.4 0.7 1.0 0.6 9.6 0.8 7.3 7.6 4.2 11.7 13.7 Pct. Other Race 0.7 10.7 4.9 3.5 8.8 0.9 4.4 0.5 7.4 8.2 5.8 4.1 14.8 Pct. FRL 93.5 12.2 23.5 0.0 20.8 87.2 8.6 87.5 44.1 60.3 0.0 64.4 1.5 Pct. Direct Cert 65.4 11.3 13.7 52.7 11.4 48.7 32.5 29.2 24 34 21.3 35.1 7.6 Pct. LEP 2.0 11.9 3.1 0.0 1.1 2.3 1.6 0.0 0.4 0.7 0.2 1.4 7.3 Pct. SWD 9.7 8.7 11.7 5.9 10.4 11.2 15.5 15.3 11.3 13.3 10.6 11.2 6.2 Pct. Gifted 0.0 0.0 6.4 0.0 9.3 2.0 1.6 11.3 6.6 9.5 6.1 0.0 7.1 12 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 School Name Pct. Female Pct. White Pct. Black Pct. Hispanic Pct. Other Race Pct. FRL Pct. Direct Cert Pct. LEP Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted Ivy Prep. Gwinnett 100.0 1.4 79.1 14.4 5.0 57.6 24.1 1.4 8.6 0.0 Ivy Prep. Kirkwood 100.0 0.2 98.8 0.2 0.7 82.5 41 0.0 5.4 0.9 Liberty Tech 52.7 60.6 27.6 6.1 5.7 15.1 10.4 0.0 7.5 22.2 Mountain Ed. 45.8 82.1 3.7 12.2 2.0 100.0 24.9 3.0 15.8 0.0 Odyssey 44.8 51.0 29.1 12.1 7.7 34.8 15.4 4.9 14.4 13.4 Pataula 48.6 74.7 16.5 5.5 3.2 57.5 26.1 2.0 9.3 5.0 Scintilla 47.6 50.3 40.8 2.7 6.1 53.7 26.8 1.1 12.1 11.2 Southwest GA 50.6 72.3 14.5 8.4 4.8 0.0 44.9 0.0 12.0 0.0 Statesboro STEAM 44.6 75.0 20.3 2.0 2.7 61.5 22.3 0.0 15.5 15.5 Utopian 53.0 0.4 93.6 4.1 1.9 100.0 43.9 0.0 9.4 0.0 Note: For the purposes of this table, students who attended more than one school were attributed to the school where they attended the longest period of time during the school year. Percent other race includes Asian, Pacific Islander, American Indian, and multi race. The percentage of students in each of the component racial groups is less than five percent for each state charter school, except for International. Due to a lack of student-level FRL data, Foothills' FRL percentage consists of students, identified by the school via school records, eligible for direct certification. Foothills' FRL percentage consists of students identified as eligible for direct certification by school records and quality checked by GOSA. Source: Individual-level student data from the GAAWARDS system and school-level data on direct certification and school-wide subsidized lunch programs from the Governor's Office of Student Achievement. 13 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 II. Results All State Charters A. Value-Added and Student Growth Model Estimates There are two methods employed by states to evaluate the impact of schools on student achievement, value-added models and student growth percentile models. Each method has advantages and disadvantages relative to the other. The value-added approach compares the actual test score of each student to the score that is predicted for that student based on their prior-year scores and observable characteristics. In contrast, the student growth percentile method compares the current test scores of students with those of other students who had the same or similar history of past test scores. Differences in the observable characteristics are not explicitly taken into account in the student growth percentile method. Details of the value-added estimation are provided in Appendix. A thorough explanation of the student growth percentile model and how it compares to the value-added model are provided in Georgia Department of Education (2017). This report presents school performance estimates based on both approaches. By construction, the average school (weighted by numbers of students) at a given grade grouping (elementary, middle or high school) in Georgia has a school effect of zero in the valueadded model (controlling for individual and school-level student characteristics). The performance of each school in a given grade grouping is measured relative to this weighted average. Thus, a positive estimated value for an elementary school's effect indicates that students attending that school experience greater growth in achievement than do students with the same observable characteristics at schools serving similar student populations. Negative values do not mean that the achievement of the school's students fell during the year. Instead, a negative school effect indicates the gap between that school's contribution to student achievement and the contribution of the average school serving a similar student population (measured in standard deviation units). For example, a value of -0.10 means that a school's effect on student achievement is 0.10 standard deviations below that of the average of all schools in the state, where each school's contribution is based on their student's performance controlling for both individual-level student characteristics and prior test scores as well as school-level characteristics. In the same way, a value of 0.10 means that a school's effect is 0.10 standard deviations above the average of all schools in the state, where each school is being compared to schools serving observationally similar student bodies. To put this in perspective, reducing class size in elementary grades by seven students is associated with a 0.10 to 0.20 standard deviation increase in student achievement (Whitehurst & Chingos (2011)) and the difference in the effectiveness of a first-year teacher and one with three years of experience is about 0.07 standard deviations (Dee & Wyckoff (2015)). The value-added effects for schools are statistical estimates and carry some degree of uncertainty. Along with the estimated effects, the value-added model generates a measure of the uncertainty of each school's effect, the estimated standard error. The estimated standard errors can be used to develop confidence intervals around each school's estimated impact on student achievement. With a confidence interval of approximately plus-or-minus two standard errors, one can be 95 percent confident that the true school effect lies in that range. Thus, for example, if a school's estimated effect is 0.50 and the standard error is 0.10, one can be 95 percent confident that the true effect lies in the range of 0.30 to 0.70. This information can then be used to determine how confident we are that a given school's performance is above, below, or equal to the average school. The standard errors and confidence intervals will generally be smaller the larger the number of students per school. The estimated school effect on achievement will vary 14 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 with the performance of individual students. In a small school, random events like a student having a poor night's sleep or getting "lucky" in his/her guesses on an exam will have a larger impact on the school's overall effect, creating more uncertainty in the true school effect; whereas in a large school, such random events will tend to cancel out. Thus, for example, the Georgia Cyber Academy, which has the largest enrollment of any state charter school, correspondingly tends to have the smallest confidence interval. Student growth percentiles measure where a student is in the distribution of current achievement relative to students with the same prior-year test score (or history of test scores). Thus, by definition, a score of 50 for a student indicates that about half of students with the same test score last year did better this year and about half did worse. School-level averages of student growth percentiles are reported below. The statewide school-level mean of SGPs is approximately equal to the statewide student median of 50, which provides a benchmark for comparing scores across schools.3 Unlike the value-added model, the student growth percentiles produced from Georgia's student growth model do not include standard errors or confidence intervals.4 Without this information, one cannot quantify the likelihood that two schools with different mean SGPs are, in fact, different. Put differently, without this measure of precision, we cannot judge one school as superior to another based on SGPs alone. For both the value-added and student growth models, separate estimates are presented for different grade groupings and for different subjects. In addition, an estimated effect on average performance across all subjects in each grade grouping is produced. Thus, for example, a charter serving grades K-8 receives two value-added scores in Math, one for its impact on Math achievement of students in elementary grades (grades 4 and 5) and another for its impact on students in middle grades (grades 6-8). B. Summary of Findings A total of 14 figures are presented. For both elementary grades and middle grades, there are three figures: one for Math, one for English language arts (ELA), and another for the crosssubject average of Math and ELA. Within each of these six figures is a graph depicting 3 For 2013/14, the Georgia Department of Education (GaDOE) computed student growth percentiles in two different ways. In the "cohort SGP" approach, statistical models are updated annually so that the median student receives a SGP of 50 each year. This means that the baseline is reset each year and (as with value-added measures), it is not possible to measure a general increase in student achievement gains across all students. In attempt to capture general changes over time in teacher effectiveness, the GaDOE also computed a "baseline-referenced SGP." As the name implies, the baseline-referenced SGP uses the same model each year which was developed using a baseline cohort of students. This results in SGPs relative to the baseline cohort and, therefore, allows for the possibility of universal improvement in performance over time. However, as a consequence, the median baseline-referenced SGP does not necessarily equal 50. In 2013/14, cohort-referenced SGPs were used for EOCTs in math, but baselinereferenced SGPs were used for the CRCTs and all non-math EOCTs. Due to the adoption of the new Milestones exams, in 2014/15, only cohort-referenced SGPs were computed. See McCaffrey, Castellano and Lockwood (2014). 4 It is possible to compute standard errors for student growth percentiles, but there is no single accepted methodology for doing so and most state accountability systems that utilize student growth percentiles, including Georgia's, do not report standard errors at this time. For a discussion of standard errors in the student growth model, see Doran, Swanlund and Lemke (2012) and American Institutes for Research (2012). 15 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 performance based on school value-added and another representing school-average student growth percentiles. In past years, up to five subject-specific scores were reported for elementary and middle grades, but reading-specific tests were dropped in 2015/16 and science and social studies tests were no longer given in consecutive grades in 2016/17. At the high school level, there are eight figures depicting school performance derived from student scores on end-ofcourse exams in 9th-Grade Literature, American Literature, Algebra 1, Biology, Economics, Geometry, Physical Science and U.S. History. 5 Among these courses, student growth percentiles are only available for 9th-Grade Literature, American Literature, Algebra 1 and Geometry.6 Based on value-added, the most common result was that state charters perform at a level that is not statistically different from the average of schools with similar student populations in Georgia. This is true in 6 of the 12 grade group/subject combinations: elementary ELA, middle school ELA, 9th Grade Literature, American Literature, Biology, and Physical Science. In five areas, the majority of state charters perform statistically worse than schools serving similar student populations: elementary Math, middle school Math, Algebra 1, Economics, and Geometry. In one area, U.S. History, half of the schools performed at a level that was not statistically different than the state, while half performed below the state. In none of the twelve areas was it most common for the state charters to outperform the state average. For both the elementary and middle school cross-subject averages, a plurality of state charter schools performed worse than the state average. The variation in effectiveness across subject areas could be due to a variety of factors, including teacher quality and instructional methods, which may vary across schools.7 The comparisons with state averages provide an overall picture of state charter school performance. More relevant are comparisons between individual state charter schools and other schools (both traditional public schools and local charters) in the geographic areas they serve. Following the 14 figures that combine results for all state charters, Section III presents individual school summaries as well as graphs comparing each school's results with schools in the district it serves (where applicable). 5 Two other end-of-course exams were administered in 2016/17, Coordinate Algebra and Analytic Geometry. Estimates for these two tests are not reported because none of the 23 current SCSC schools had a sufficient number of students (15 or more) taking the exam to yield reliable VAM estimates. 6 The GaDOE chose to only compute student growth percentiles for end-of-course exams in math and ELA. 7 Cross-subject averages are not calculated because the grades at which exams are given vary across schools and the mix of exams for which there are sufficient numbers of test-takers may vary as well. 16 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 1: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) and Mean Student Growth Percentiles for Schools Serving Grades 4 and 5 Average Across All Subjects [Statewide] 17 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 2: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) and Mean Student Growth Percentiles for Schools Serving Grades 4 and 5 English Language Arts [Statewide] 18 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 3: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) and Mean Student Growth Percentiles for Schools Serving Grades 4 and 5 Math [Statewide] 19 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 4: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) and Mean Student Growth Percentiles for Schools Serving Grades 6, 7, and 8 Average Across All Subjects [Statewide] 20 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 5: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) and Mean Student Growth Percentiles for Schools Serving Grades 6, 7, and 8 English Language Arts [Statewide] 21 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 6: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) and Mean Student Growth Percentiles for Schools Serving Grades 6, 7, and 8 Mathematics [Statewide] 22 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 7: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) and Mean Student Growth Percentiles for Schools Serving Grades 9 through 12 9th Grade Literature [Statewide] 23 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 8: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) and Mean Student Growth Percentiles for Schools Serving Grades 9 through 12 American Literature [Statewide] 24 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 9: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) and Mean Student Growth Percentiles for Schools Serving Grades 9 through 12 Algebra 1 [Statewide] 25 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 10: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) for Schools Serving Grades 9 through 12 Biology [Statewide] 26 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 11: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) for Schools Serving Grades 9 through 12 Economics [Statewide] 27 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 12: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) and Mean Student Growth Percentiles for Schools Serving Grades 9 through 12 Geometry [Statewide] 28 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 13: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) for Schools Serving Grades 9 through 12 Physical Science [Statewide] 29 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Figure 14: Value-added Schools Effects (School Fixed Effects (FE)) for Schools Serving Grades 9 through 12 U.S. History [Statewide] 30 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 III. Results Individual School Summaries The following tables summarize both state and district comparisons of performance for each state charter school. Two estimates of school performance are reported, one based on the value-added model and the other derived from the student growth model. The value-added model includes a multitude of all available individual-level student characteristics (plus prior-year test scores) and the school-level percentages of students with disabilities, limited English proficiency students, and students who are "directly certified" as controls. One criticism of valueadded models is they set different expectations for different students based on observable demographic characteristics. To gauge the impact of reducing or eliminating the set of demographic controls, two other value-added models were estimated. One alternative specification excludes individual student race/ethnicity and the other includes only individuallevel lagged test scores and the school-level controls. Estimates from these two alternatives are presented in the Appendix. The student growth model yields individual student growth percentiles which are then averaged across students in a school to produce a mean student growth percentile measure of school performance. For both the value-added and student growth percentile measures, a state percentile and a district rank are presented. The state percentile represents the proportion of schools in the state with a lower estimated school effect. Thus, for example, a state percentile of 60 means that 60 percent of schools in the relevant grade group rank below the school. District ranks represent the position of a school relative to other schools in the same district offering the same grade group. For example, a ranking of "25 out of 40" indicates that 24 schools from the relevant district have higher scores and 15 have lower scores. Schools with a statewide attendance zone have no district rank or district comparison. For state charters with a less-than-statewide attendance zone, it is possible to compare their performance to traditional public schools and locally-approved charters in the same area. For nearly all state charter students, the relevant public school option is a school in the same district as the district served by their current school. Put differently, a within-district comparison shows how students would likely fare if a state charter were to close and a student then attended the average-performing school in the same district or multi-district area. For both the value-added and student growth metrics, a comparison between a school's performance in 2016/17 and its performance in 2014/15 and 2015/16 is provided. Estimates for all three years are based on the same general two-step value-added approach. The estimates for 2014/15 that were reported in the 2014/15 State Charter Schools Performance Reports use a onestep value-added modeling procedure and thus differ from the estimates reported here. Further, as noted above, due to data limitations, the construction of the direct certification measure in 2016/17 differs from that used in prior years. Each school summary report is structured as follows: Key Findings General Characteristics School Demographics Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Comparison of Summary Results from 2014/15 through 2016/17 Comparison of School Impact (for non-statewide schools only) 31 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Atlanta Heights Charter School Key Findings The value-added estimate of the school's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is 0.0980 in elementary grades and 0.0898 in middle grades. Atlanta Heights Charter School's impact on student achievement is statistically higher than the state average in elementary grades and middle grades, but not statistically different than the district in elementary or middle grades. Atlanta Heights Charter School's 2016/17 performance in elementary and middle grades is generally similar to its performance in 2015/16. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o above the district and state average in elementary school Math; o above the state average in middle school ELA and middle school Math, but indistinguishable from the district average; and o indistinguishable from the district and state average in elementary school ELA. General Characteristics School Name Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation Grades National Atlanta Heights 2010 Heritage K-8 Academies Curriculum Focus None School Year SingleGender School Virtual/ Online School Serves Multiple Districts Normal No No No Parental Involvement Requirement Not Specified Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in Atlanta Public Schools Zone Students Served School Name Atlanta Heights Pct. Female Pct. White Pct. Black 49.6 0.1 97.3 Pct. Hispanic 1.9 Pct. Other Race 0.7 Pct. FRL 93.5 Pct. Direct Cert 65.4 Pct. LEP 2.0 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 9.7 0.0 Atlanta Heights Charter School 32 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: 0.0980 Elementary / 0.0898 Middle Average Overall School Effect in District: 0.0517 Elementary / 0.0380 Middle Atlanta Heights's contribution to an elementary and middle school student's average achievement across ELA and Math is higher than the state average, but indistinguishable from its district. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 Biology Economics School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? 0.0068 0.1884 0.0980 0.0975 0.0867 0.0898 52 No 92 Higher 83 Higher 88 Higher 77 Higher 85 Higher 30 of 58 18 of 58 20 of 58 4 of 22 8 of 22 6 of 22 0.0202 0.0836 0.0517 No Higher No 0.0423 No 0.0364 No 0.0380 No Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) 50 49 20 of 58 55 72 18 of 58 53 64 19 of 58 53 77 3 of 22 49 43 12 of 22 51 56 7 of 22 Atlanta Heights Charter School 33 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Atlanta Height's performance in middle and elementary grades has been relatively constant over the last three years. Performance in elementary ELA, elementary Math, middle school ELA, and middle school Math is similar to performance in the 2015/16 school year. Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average 0.0127 No 0.1523 Higher -0.0968 Lower -0.0013 No 0.0173 No 0.1071 0.0481 -0.0075 0.0270 0.0437 Lower Higher Lower No No -0.0657 No 0.1940 Higher -0.0107 No -0.0607 No 0.0145 No 0.0601 Lower 0.0270 Higher -0.0056 No 0.0219 No 0.0257 No 0.0068 No 0.1884 Higher 0.0202 No 0.0836 Higher 0.0980 Higher 0.0517 No Atlanta Heights Charter School 34 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Middle ELA 0.1581 Higher 0.0989 No 0.1038 Higher 0.0352 No 0.0975 Higher 0.0423 No Math 0.0080 No 0.0505 No 0.1963 Higher -0.0090 Higher 0.0867 Higher 0.0364 No Science 0.0520 No 0.0072 No -0.0269 No -0.0590 No Social Studies -0.0910 Lower 0.0313 Lower -0.0611 No -0.0187 No All-Subject Average 0.0332 No 0.0473 No 0.0489 No -0.0165 Higher 0.0898 Higher 0.0380 No High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Atlanta Heights Charter School 35 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 46 29 49 of 58 53 63 17 of 58 41 12 49 of 58 40 12 39 of 58 45 21 40 of 58 54 80 11 of 25 45 23 15 of 25 47 32 15 of 25 50 46 12 of 25 49 42 11 of 25 Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 40 6 56 of 58 51 55 21 of 58 47 38 25 of 58 35 6 51 of 58 43 18 42 of 58 48 36 15 of 24 56 82 3 of 24 46 30 9 of 24 47 36 13 of 24 49 50 5 of 24 School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 50 49 20 of 58 55 72 18 of 58 53 64 19 of 58 53 77 3 of 22 49 43 12 of 22 51 56 7 of 22 Atlanta Heights Charter School 36 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) U.S. History Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Atlanta Heights Charter School 37 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of School Impact Subject Area: All-Subject Elementary Average State Charter: Atlanta Heights Comparison District: Atlanta Public Schools Atlanta Heights Charter School 38 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary ELA State Charter: Atlanta Heights Comparison District: Atlanta Public Schools Atlanta Heights Charter School 39 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary Mathematics State Charter: Atlanta Heights Comparison District: Atlanta Public Schools Atlanta Heights Charter School 40 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: All-Subject Middle Average State Charter: Atlanta Heights Comparison District: Atlanta Public Schools Atlanta Heights Charter School 41 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle ELA State Charter: Atlanta Heights Comparison District: Atlanta Public Schools Atlanta Heights Charter School 42 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle Math State Charter: Atlanta Heights Comparison District: Atlanta Public Schools Atlanta Heights Charter School 43 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Brookhaven Innovation Academy Key Findings The value-added estimate of the school's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is -0.2535 in elementary grades and -0.2517 in middle grades. Brookhaven Innovation Academy's impact on student achievement is statistically below the state average in elementary grades and middle grades. Brookhaven Innovation Academy's first year in operation is 2016/17, so it is not possible to make year-to-year performance assessments. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o below the state average in elementary Math, middle school Math, and middle school ELA; and o indistinguishable from the state average in elementary ELA. General Characteristics School Name Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation Grades Brookhaven Innovation 2016 No K-6 Academy Curriculum Focus Compass Learning: cross-curricula, STEM-focused; project-based K-8 coding curriculum School Year Extended Day/Year SingleGender School No Virtual/ Online School No Serves Multiple Districts Yes Parental Involvement Requirement Not Specified Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in State of GA Students Served School Name Brookhaven Pct. Female 46.0 Pct. White 43.0 Pct. Black 26.9 Pct. Hispanic 19.4 Pct. Other Race 10.7 Pct. FRL 12.2 Pct. Direct Cert 11.3 Pct. LEP 11.9 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 8.7 0.0 Brookhaven Innovation Academy 44 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.2535 Elementary / -0.2517 Middle Brookhaven Innovation Academy's contribution to an elementary student's average achievement across ELA and Math is statistically below the average elementary school in the state. Similarly, its contribution to a middle school student's average achievement across ELA and Math is statistically below the average middle school in the state. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 Biology -0.0849 -0.4218 -0.2535 -0.2142 -0.2744 -0.2517 17 No 1 Lower 1 Lower 1 Lower 2 Lower 1 Lower Brookhaven Innovation Academy 43 13 27 1 35 1 39 2 34 2 36 1 45 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Brookhaven Innovation Academy's first year in operation is 2016/17, so it is not possible to make year-to-year performance assessments. Brookhaven Innovation Academy 46 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Cherokee Charter Academy Key Findings The value-added estimate of the school's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is -0.0602 in elementary grades and 0.0016 in middle grades. Cherokee Charter Academy's performance is not statistically different from state and district averages in middle school grades, but is below the state average and district average in elementary grades. Cherokee Charter Academy's achievement in 2016/17 is generally similar to its performance in 2014/15 and 2015/16. The 2016/17 middle school ELA and elementary Math performance improved relative to 2015/16, but elementary ELA declined. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o lower than the state average in elementary ELA and middle school Math, but indistinguishable from the district average; o indistinguishable from the state average in elementary Math, but below the district average; and o higher than the state and district averages in middle grade ELA. General Characteristics School Name Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation Grades Cherokee Charter Academy Charter 2011 Schools K-8 USA Curriculum Focus None School Year SingleGender School Normal No Virtual/ Online School No Serves Multiple Districts No Parental Involvement Requirement 20 hours volunteer/year for one child, 30 hours/year for more than one child Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in Cherokee County Public Schools Zone Students Served School Name Cherokee Pct. Female 49.1 Pct. White 72.1 Pct. Black 19.5 Pct. Hispanic 3.4 Pct. Other Race 4.9 Pct. FRL 23.5 Pct. Direct Cert 13.7 Cherokee Charter Academy Pct. LEP 3.1 Pct. SWD 11.7 Pct. Gifted 6.4 47 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.0602 Elementary / 0.0016 Middle Average Overall School Effect in District: 0.0080 Elementary / -0.0253 Middle Cherokee Charter Academy's contribution to an elementary student's average achievement across Math and ELA is lower than that of the average elementary school in the state and district. Its contribution to a middle school student's cross-subject average achievement is not statistically different from the average middle school in the state and district. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Percentile Statistically District District Statistically (higher is Different from Rank Average Different from better) State Average? (lower is District better) Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of State District Individual SGPs Percentile Rank (higher is (lower is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature -0.0756 -0.0480 -0.0602 0.1154 -0.0953 0.0016 19 Lower 35 No 25 Lower 92 Higher 21 Lower 50 No 19 of 25 21 of 25 20 of 25 -0.0354 0.0509 0.0080 No Lower Lower 1 of 8 7 of 8 3 of 8 0.0066 -0.0528 -0.0253 Higher No No Cherokee Charter Academy 48 34 22 of 25 47 37 23 of 25 47 33 23 of 25 58 94 2 of 8 51 57 5 of 8 54 78 3 of 8 48 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Percentile Statistically District District Statistically (higher is Different from Rank Average Different from better) State Average? (lower is District better) Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of State District Individual SGPs Percentile Rank (higher is (lower is better) better) Algebra 1 Biology Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. 49 Cherokee Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Cherokee Charter Academy's overall performance in elementary grades has been relatively constant over time. The 2016/17 middle school ELA and elementary Math performance improved relative to 2015/16, but elementary ELA declined. Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 0.0050 -0.1566 -0.0813 -0.1065 -0.0779 0.0984 -0.0221 0.0325 0.0210 0.0298 No Lower Lower Lower Lower Higher No No No No -0.0971 0.0061 -0.0178 -0.0433 -0.0375 Higher Lower No No No 0.0040 0.0249 -0.0564 -0.0770 -0.0238 Higher No Higher Higher Higher 0.0021 No -0.0826 Lower 0.0006 No 0.0787 Higher -0.0009 No -0.0969 Lower -0.2120 Lower -0.0727 No 0.0014 No -0.1008 Lower -0.0189 0.0354 0.0342 0.0275 0.0189 No Lower No No No 0.0439 -0.0093 -0.0409 0.0222 0.0049 Lower Lower No No Lower -0.0756 Lower -0.0480 No -0.0354 No 0.0509 Lower -0.0602 Lower 0.1154 Higher -0.0953 Lower 0.0080 Lower 0.0066 Higher -0.0528 No 0.0016 No -0.0253 No 50 Cherokee Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 50 51 4 of 25 53 72 10 of 25 48 34 22 of 25 47 40 22 of 25 50 51 22 of 25 47 37 23 of 25 51 Cherokee Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Science 47 35 19 of 25 52 59 19 of 25 Social Studies 45 30 20 of 25 57 77 13 of 25 All-Subject Average 47 34 20 of 25 53 67 17 of 25 Middle ELA 53 76 3 of 13 45 22 12 of 12 Math 55 74 8 of 13 47 40 12 of 12 Science 51 61 6 of 13 48 41 10 of 12 Social Studies 49 45 9 of 13 54 76 8 of 12 All-Subject Average 52 69 5 of 13 48 42 11 of 12 High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Cherokee Charter Academy School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 47 33 23 of 25 58 94 2 of 8 51 57 5 of 8 54 78 3 of 8 52 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of School Impact Subject Area: All-Subject Elementary Average State Charter: Cherokee Charter Academy Comparison District: Cherokee County Schools 53 Cherokee Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary ELA State Charter: Cherokee Charter Academy Comparison District: Cherokee County Schools 54 Cherokee Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary Mathematics State Charter: Cherokee Charter Academy Comparison District: Cherokee County Schools 55 Cherokee Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: All-Subject Middle Average State Charter: Cherokee Charter Academy Comparison District: Cherokee County Schools 56 Cherokee Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle ELA State Charter: Cherokee Charter Academy Comparison District: Cherokee County Schools 57 Cherokee Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle Mathematics State Charter: Cherokee Charter Academy Comparison District: Cherokee County Schools 58 Cherokee Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Cirrus Academy Charter Key Findings The value-added estimate of the school's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is -0.3420 in elementary grades and -0.0574 in middle grades. Cirrus Academy Charter's performance is statistically below the state average in elementary grades, but indistinguishable from the state average in middle grades. Cirrus Academy Charter's first year in operation is 2016/17, so it is not possible to make year-to-year performance assessments. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o below the state average in elementary Math and ELA; and o indistinguishable from the state averages in middle school Math and ELA. General Characteristics School Name Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation Grades Cirrus Academy Charter 2016 No K-8 Curriculum Focus STEM + Arts School Year SingleGender School Virtual/ Online School Serves Multiple Districts Normal No No Yes Parental Involvement Requirement Not Specified Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in State of GA Students Served School Name Cirrus Pct. Female 55.5 Pct. White 5.3 Pct. Black 90.6 Pct. Hispanic 0.7 Pct. Other Race 3.5 Pct. FRL 0.0 Pct. Direct Cert 52.7 Pct. LEP 0.0 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 5.9 0.0 59 Cirrus Academy Charter State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.3420 Elementary / -0.0574 Middle Cirrus Academy Charter's contribution to an elementary student's average achievement across ELA and Math is statistically below the average elementary school in the state. Its contribution to a middle school student's cross-subject average achievement is indistinguishable from the average middle school in the state. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 Biology -0.2369 -0.4479 -0.3420 -0.0599 -0.0292 -0.0574 2 Lower 1 Lower 1 Lower 20 No 39 No 25 No Cirrus Academy Charter 37 2 18 1 27 1 46 20 46 30 46 23 60 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Cirrus Academy Charter's first year in operation is 2016/17, so it is not possible to make year-to-year performance assessments. 61 Cirrus Academy Charter State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Coweta Charter Academy Key Findings The value-added estimate of the school's impact on student achievement across all subjects is 0.1592 in elementary grades and -0.1071 in middle grades. Coweta Charter Academy's performance is higher than the state and district average elementary school, but below both the state and district average middle school. Coweta Charter Academy's performance in elementary grades in 2016/17 is generally improved relative to performance in 2015/16 and 2014/15. In both 2014/15 and 2015/16, its performance in elementary ELA and Math was indistinguishable from the district averages, whereas in 2016/17, it was above the district average. For middle school Math, its overall performance was below the state and district average for all three years. For middle school ELA, the school's performance was indistinguishable from the state and district average for all three years. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o higher than the state and district average in elementary Math and ELA; o below the state and district average in middle school Math; and o indistinguishable from the state and district averages in middle school ELA. General Characteristics School Name Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation Grades Coweta Charter Academy 2010 Charter Schools USA K-8 Curriculum Focus None School Year SingleGender School Normal No Virtual/ Online School No Serves Multiple Districts No Parental Involvement Requirement 20 hours volunteer/year for one child, 30 hours/year for more than one child Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in Coweta County Public Schools Zone 62 Coweta Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Students Served School Name Coweta Pct. Female 52.0 Pct. White 79.2 Pct. Black 11.0 Pct. Hispanic 1.0 Pct. Other Race 8.8 Pct. FRL 20.8 Pct. Direct Cert 11.4 Pct. LEP 1.1 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 10.4 9.3 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: 0.1592 Elementary / -0.1071 Middle Average Overall School Effect in District: -0.0019 Elementary / 0.0171 Middle Coweta Charter Academy's contribution to an elementary student's average achievement across ELA and Math is higher than the average elementary school in the district and state. Coweta Charter Academy's contribution to student achievement averaged across two middle school subjects is below both the average middle school in the state and the average middle school in the district. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA 0.1880 0.1385 0.1592 0.0310 97 Higher 85 Higher 94 Higher 64 No 1 of 21 2 of 21 2 of 21 0.0269 -0.0298 -0.0019 Higher Higher Higher 3 of 8 0.0127 No Coweta Charter Academy 64 98 2 of 21 59 88 4 of 21 61 97 2 of 21 55 86 3 of 8 63 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Math -0.2521 3 Lower 8 of 8 0.0098 Lower 45 24 8 of 8 All-Subject Average -0.1071 9 Lower 7 of 8 0.0171 Lower 50 49 8 of 8 High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 Biology Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district and, thus, have no comparison district. 64 Coweta Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Coweta Charter Academy's performance in elementary grades in 2016/17 is generally improved relative to performance in 2015/16 and 2014/15. In both 2014/15 and 2015/16, its performance in elementary ELA and Math was indistinguishable from the district averages, whereas in 2016/17, it was above the district average. For middle school Math, its overall performance was below the state and district average for all three years. For middle school ELA, the school's performance was indistinguishable from the state and district average for all three years. Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry -0.0005 -0.2083 -0.1280 -0.0352 -0.0962 -0.0022 -0.2750 -0.3651 -0.3483 -0.2350 No Lower Lower No Lower No Lower Lower Lower Lower -0.0544 No -0.0398 Lower -0.0534 No -0.0541 No -0.0510 No 0.0138 No -0.0108 Lower -0.0797 Lower -0.0532 Lower -0.0267 Lower -0.0512 No 0.0035 No -0.0516 No -0.1826 Lower -0.0648 Lower 0.0553 No -0.1312 Lower -0.2514 Lower -0.1116 Lower -0.0921 Lower -0.1095 -0.0390 -0.0415 -0.0862 -0.0683 No No No Lower No -0.0045 0.0093 -0.0917 -0.0645 -0.0209 No Lower Lower No Lower Coweta Charter Academy 0.1880 Higher 0.1385 Higher 0.0269 Higher -0.0298 Higher 0.1592 Higher 0.0310 No -0.2521 Lower -0.0019 Higher 0.0127 No 0.0098 Lower -0.1071 Lower 0.0171 Lower 65 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 55 76 2 of 21 43 23 18 of 21 45 28 17 of 21 47 33 9 of 21 52 58 8 of 21 47 34 15 of 21 Coweta Charter Academy School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 64 98 2 of 21 59 88 4 of 21 66 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Social Studies 50 47 10 of 21 46 34 All-Subject Average 48 35 14 of 21 48 40 Middle ELA Math 49 47 7 of 8 41 11 8 of 8 50 52 47 40 Science 29 2 8 of 8 36 5 Social Studies 36 7 8 of 8 50 50 All-Subject Average 39 4 8 of 8 46 27 High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. 14 of 21 12 of 21 5 of 8 8 of 8 8 of 8 4 of 8 8 of 8 School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 61 97 2 of 21 55 86 3 of 8 45 24 8 of 8 50 49 8 of 8 67 Coweta Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of School Impact Subject Area: All-Subject Elementary Average State Charter: Coweta Charter Academy Comparison District: Coweta County Public Schools 68 Coweta Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary ELA State Charter: Coweta Charter Academy Comparison District: Coweta County Public Schools Coweta Charter Academy 69 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary Mathematics State Charter: Coweta Charter Academy Comparison District: Coweta County Public Schools Coweta Charter Academy 70 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: All-Subject Middle Average State Charter: Coweta Charter Academy Comparison District: Coweta County Public Schools Coweta Charter Academy 71 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle ELA State Charter: Coweta Charter Academy Comparison District: Coweta County Public Schools Coweta Charter Academy 72 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle Mathematics State Charter: Coweta Charter Academy Comparison District: Coweta County Public Schools Coweta Charter Academy 73 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 DuBois Integrity Academy Key Findings The value-added estimate of the school's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is 0.1768 in elementary grades. DuBois Integrity Academy's performance is above the state and district averages in elementary grades. DuBois Integrity Academy's performance in elementary ELA and Math in 2016/17 is improved relative to performance in 2015/16. In both elementary Math and ELA, the school effect rose and is now statistically higher than the state average in both subjects. The school's contribution to student achievement in 2016/17 is: o above the state and district average in elementary ELA; and o above the state but indistinguishable from the district average in elementary Math. General Characteristics School Name Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation Grades Curriculum Focus School Year SingleGender School DuBois Integrity Academy 2015 No GA Common core K-5 standards with STEM Normal No and Arts integration Virtual/ Online School No Serves Multiple Districts No Parental Involvement Requirement 30 volunteer hours/year Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in Clayton County Public Schools Zone Students Served School Name DuBois Pct. Female 51.8 Pct. White 0.5 Pct. Black 98.0 Pct. Hispanic 0.6 Pct. Other Race 0.9 Pct. FRL 87.2 Pct. Direct Cert 48.7 Pct. LEP 2.3 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 11.2 2.0 74 DuBois Integrity Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: 0.1768 Elementary Average Overall School Effect in District: 0.0763 Elementary DuBois Integrity Academy's contribution to an elementary student's average achievement across ELA and Math is above that of the average elementary school in the state and district. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District District Statistically Percentile Different from Rank (lower Average Different from (higher is State is better) District better) Average? Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 Biology 0.2346 0.1187 0.1768 98 Higher 81 Higher 96 Higher 1 of 36 11 of 36 2 of 36 0.0850 0.0668 0.0763 Higher No Higher DuBois Integrity Academy 59 93 2 of 36 56 74 16 of 36 57 89 5 of 36 75 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District District Statistically Percentile Different from Rank (lower Average Different from (higher is State is better) District better) Average? Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results DuBois Integrity Academy's performance in elementary ELA and Math in 2016/17 is generally improved relative to its performance in 2015/16. In both elementary Math and ELA, the school effect rose and is now statistically higher than the state average in both subjects. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? 0.0432 No -0.2554 Lower -0.3474 Lower 0.0211 No -0.0321 Lower 0.0037 Lower 0.2346 Higher 0.1187 Higher 0.0850 Higher 0.0668 No DuBois Integrity Academy 76 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Social Studies -0.4204 Lower 0.0231 Lower All-Subject Average -0.2452 Lower 0.0041 Lower 0.1768 Higher 0.0763 Higher Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. DuBois Integrity Academy 77 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 46 30 25 of 36 26 1 36 of 36 25 1 36 of 36 24 1 36 of 36 30 1 36 of 36 School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 59 93 2 of 36 56 74 16 of 36 57 89 5 of 36 DuBois Integrity Academy 78 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) U.S. History Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) DuBois Integrity Academy 79 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of School Impact Subject Area: All-Subject Elementary Average State Charter: DuBois Integrity Academy Comparison District: Clayton County 80 DuBois Integrity Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary ELA State Charter: DuBois Integrity Academy Comparison District: Clayton County DuBois Integrity Academy 81 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary Mathematics State Charter: DuBois Integrity Academy Comparison District: Clayton County DuBois Integrity Academy 82 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Foothills Education Charter High School Key Findings The value-added estimate of Foothills Education Charter High School's impact on a student's achievement in high school courses is 0.0545 in American Literature, 0.1213 in Biology, 0.0619 in Economics, -0.0007 in Physical Science and 0.0173 in U.S. History. The school's performance is statistically indistinguishable from the state in each of the subjects, likely due to the small number of students taking each exam. For the four subjects tested in both 2015/16 and 2016/17, Foothills Education Charter High School remained indistinguishable from the state average. The school's contribution to student achievement is indistinguishable from the state average in American Literature, Biology, Economics, Physical Science, and U.S. History. General Characteristics School Name Foothills Education Charter High School Calendar Year Opened 2015 EMO Affiliation No Grades 9-12 Curriculum Focus Self-paced, individualized, evening high school for students struggling at other schools School Year Year-round SingleGender School No Virtual/ Online School No Serves Multiple Districts Yes Parental Involvement Requirement Not Specified Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in State of GA Students Served School Name Foothills Pct. Female 45.4 Pct. White 54.2 Pct. Black 31.8 Pct. Hispanic 9.6 Pct. Other Race 4.4 Pct. FRL 8.6 Pct. Direct Cert 32.5 Pct. LEP 1.6 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 15.5 1.6 83 Foothills Education Charter High School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: 0.0545 American Literature / 0.1213 Biology / 0.0619 Economics / -0.0007 Physical Science / 0.0173 U.S. History In each of the five measured subjects, Foothills Education Charter High School's contribution to a high school student's achievement is not statistically different from the average high school in the state. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 Biology Economics Geometry 0.0545 0.1213 0.0619 65 No 80 No 66 No Foothills Education Charter High School 42 15 84 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Physical Science -0.0007 52 No U.S. History 0.0173 56 No Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Foothills Education Charter High School 85 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results For the four subjects tested in both 2015/16 and 2016/17, Foothills Education Charter High School's value-added estimates remained statistically indistinguishable from the state. Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 0.3999 Higher 0.1218 No 0.0545 No Foothills Education Charter High School 86 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Biology 0.1213 No Coordinate Algebra Economics 0.1610 No 0.0619 No Geometry Physical Science 0.1021 No -0.0007 No U.S. History 0.0834 No 0.0173 No Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Also, for 2016/17 the individual-level FRL indicator has been replaced with individual-level direct certification information provided by the school. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Foothills Education Charter High School 87 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History 63 98 37 10 44 29 50 56 40 24 Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 42 15 Foothills Education Charter High School 88 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Fulton Leadership Academy Key Findings The value-added estimate of Fulton Leadership Academy's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects in middle school is -0.0086. Fulton Leadership Academy's performance is not statistically different from the state or district averages for middle schools. The school's contribution to student achievement in high school is mixed: 9th Grade Literature, Algebra 1, Geometry, and Physical Science are indistinguishable from both state and district averages, whereas performance in Biology and Economics are below the state and district averages. Fulton Leadership Academy's performance in middle school Math and ELA for 2016/17 was consistent with 2015/16 but below 2014/15. Though middle school Math performance was higher than the district average in 2015/16, that is not the case in 2016/17 because the district's performance improved. At the high school level, performance is also similar relative to prior years. However, Physical Science, which was last tested in 2014/15, did see some improvement in the 2016/17 school year. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o below the state and district average in Biology and Economics; and o indistinguishable from the state and district average in middle school ELA and Math, as well as 9th Grade Literature, Algebra 1, Geometry, and Physical Science. General Characteristics School Name Fulton Leadership Academy Calendar Year Opened 2010 EMO Affiliation No Grades 6-12 Curriculum Focus School Year STEM with focus on aviation and aeronautics - partnership with Civil Air Patrol Normal SingleGender School Boys Only Virtual/ Online School No Serves Multiple Districts No Parental Involvement Requirement 20 volunteer hours/year Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in Fulton County Public Schools Zone 89 Fulton Leadership Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Students Served School Name Fulton Leadership Pct. Female 0.0 Pct. White 0.0 Pct. Black 98.7 Pct. Hispanic 0.8 Pct. Other Race 0.5 Pct. FRL 87.5 Pct. Direct Cert 29.2 Pct. LEP 0.0 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 15.3 11.3 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.0086 Middle/ -0.0883 9th Grade Literature/ 0.0235 Algebra 1/ -0.2034 Biology/ -0.3605 Economics/ 0.0639 Geometry/ -0.0662 Physical Science Average Overall School Effect in District: -0.0286 Middle/ 0.0344 9th Grade Literature/ 0.0655 Algebra 1/ 0.0112 Biology/ -0.0454 Economics/ 0.0570 Geometry/ 0.0223 Physical Science Fulton Leadership Academy's contribution to a middle school student's cross-subject average achievement is indistinguishable from that of the average middle school in the state and district. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. In four of six high school tested subjects, Fulton Leadership Academy's contribution to a student's achievement is not statistically different from the average high school in the district and the average high school in the state. In two of the six subjects, Biology and Economics, the school's contribution to a student's achievement is lower than that of the district and the state. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Fulton Leadership Academy 90 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA 0.0315 65 No 8 of 27 -0.0084 No 47 26 18 of 27 Math -0.0226 42 No 10 of 27 -0.0511 No 48 39 10 of 27 All-Subject Average -0.0086 46 No 10 of 27 -0.0286 No 47 33 14 of 27 High 9th Grade Literature -0.0883 21 No 17 of 17 0.0344 No 47 31 13 of 17 American Literature Algebra 1 0.0235 57 No 11 of 18 0.0655 No 47 35 12 of 18 Biology -0.2034 11 Lower 18 of 19 0.0112 Lower Economics -0.3605 7 Lower 19 of 19 -0.0454 Lower Geometry 0.0639 65 No 9 of 19 0.0570 No 49 47 13 of 19 Physical Science U.S. History -0.0662 36 No 13 of 17 0.0223 No Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Fulton Leadership Academy 91 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Fulton Leadership Academy's performance in middle school Math and ELA for 2016/17 was consistent with 2015/16 but below 2014/15. Though middle school Math performance was higher than the district average in 2015/16, that is not the case in 2016/17 because the district's performance improved. At the high school level, performance is also similar relative to prior years. However, Physical Science, which was last tested in 2014/15, did see some improvement in the 2016/17 school year. Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry 0.1078 0.1223 -0.1318 0.0504 0.0450 0.1483 0.1086 0.0038 Higher Higher Lower No No No No No 0.0158 -0.0467 -0.0708 -0.0606 -0.0382 Higher Higher No Higher Higher -0.0724 -0.0725 -0.0039 Higher No No -0.0323 No -0.0212 No -0.0068 No 0.0491 No 0.0039 No 0.0208 No -0.0711 No 0.0617 No 0.0040 No -0.0960 Higher -0.0448 No -0.0772 Higher -0.0497 Higher 0.0172 No 0.0090 No 0.0617 No 0.0315 No -0.0226 No -0.0086 No -0.0883 No -0.0084 No -0.0511 No -0.0286 No 0.0344 No Fulton Leadership Academy 92 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Algebra 1 0.1094 No 0.0367 No 0.0235 No 0.0655 No Biology -0.0518 No -0.0391 No -0.1581 Lower 0.0195 Lower -0.2034 Lower 0.0112 Lower Coordinate Algebra 0.3858 Higher -0.0403 Higher Economics -0.3605 Lower -0.0454 Lower Geometry 0.0639 No 0.0570 No Physical Science -0.2307 Lower -0.0895 No -0.0662 No 0.0223 No U.S. History -0.5930 Lower -0.0450 Lower -0.2693 Lower -0.0410 Lower Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Fulton Leadership Academy 93 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History 45 18 21 of 24 55 73 7 of 24 43 20 17 of 24 53 63 10 of 24 49 42 13 of 24 46 32 10 of 19 46 32 13 of 20 43 20 10 of 20 47 40 13 of 20 74 99 1 of 19 34 6 17 of 18 24 1 20 of 20 39 4 42 21 50 54 52 63 46 27 40 10 47 41 50 55 44 34 46 38 45 35 Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. 25 of 26 14 of 26 11 of 26 6 of 26 18 of 26 16 of 18 12 of 19 1 of 1 14 of 18 12 of 19 12 of 19 School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 47 26 18 of 27 48 39 10 of 27 47 33 14 of 27 47 31 13 of 17 47 35 12 of 18 49 47 13 of 19 Fulton Leadership Academy 94 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of School Impact Subject Area: All-Subject Middle Average State Charter: Fulton Leadership Academy Comparison District: Fulton County Public Schools 95 Fulton Leadership Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle ELA State Charter: Fulton Leadership Academy Comparison District: Fulton County Public Schools Fulton Leadership Academy 96 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle Mathematics State Charter: Fulton Leadership Academy Comparison District: Fulton County Public Schools Fulton Leadership Academy 97 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: 9th Grade Literature State Charter: Fulton Leadership Academy Comparison District: Fulton County Public Schools Fulton Leadership Academy 98 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Algebra 1 State Charter: Fulton Leadership Academy Comparison District: Fulton County Public Schools Fulton Leadership Academy 99 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Biology State Charter: Fulton Leadership Academy Comparison District: Fulton County Public Schools Fulton Leadership Academy 100 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Economics State Charter: Fulton Leadership Academy Comparison District: Fulton County Public Schools Fulton Leadership Academy 101 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Geometry State Charter: Fulton Leadership Academy Comparison District: Fulton County Public Schools Fulton Leadership Academy 102 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Physical Science State Charter: Fulton Leadership Academy Comparison District: Fulton County Public Schools Fulton Leadership Academy 103 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Georgia Connections Academy Key Findings The value-added estimate of Georgia Connections Academy's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is -0.1898 in elementary grades and -0.1086 in middle grades. Georgia Connection Academy's estimated contribution to student achievement in courses where end-of-course exams are administered are as follows: 0.1714 in 9th Grade Literature, 0.0731 in American Literature, -0.1410 in Algebra 1, -0.0573 in Biology, -0.1517 in Economics, -0.1616 in Geometry, -0.1045 in Physical Science, and -0.2930 in U.S. History. Georgia Connections Academy's performance is below the state average in both elementary and middle grades. The school's estimated contribution to student achievement exceeds the state average in 9th Grade Literature and American Literature, but is below the state average in Algebra 1, Economics, Geometry, Physical Science, and U.S. History. It is indistinguishable from the state average in Biology. Because the school serves students throughout the state, it does not have a district comparison group. Georgia Connections Academy's performance in elementary ELA, elementary Math, middle school ELA, and middle school Math has been consistent across the three years. Similarly, at the high school level, performance has been consistent over time. Performance has tended to be higher than the state in 9th Grade Literature and American Literature. In other subjects, performance has either been indistinguishable from the state or below the state. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o above the state average in middle school ELA, 9th Grade Literature, and American Literature; o below the state average in elementary Math, middle school Math, Algebra 1, Economics, Geometry, Physical Science and U.S. History; and o indistinguishable from the state average in elementary ELA and Biology. General Characteristics School Name Georgia Connections Academy Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation Grades 2011 Connections Academy K-12 Curriculum Focus Online Curriculum School Year SingleGender School Normal No Virtual/ Online School Yes Serves Multiple Districts Online Parental Involvement Requirement Not Specified Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in State of GA 104 Georgia Connections Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Students Served School Name GA Connections Pct. Female 53.7 Pct. White 50.6 Pct. Black 34.7 Pct. Hispanic 7.3 Pct. Other Race 7.4 Pct. FRL 44.1 Pct. Direct Cert 24 Pct. LEP 0.4 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 11.3 6.6 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.1898 Elementary / -0.1086 Middle/ 0.1714 9th Grade Literature/ 0.0731 American Literature/ -0.1410 Algebra 1/ -0.0573 Biology/ -0.1517 Economics/ -0.1616 Geometry/ -0.1045 Physical Science/ -0.2930 U.S. History Georgia Connections Academy's contribution to an elementary student's average achievement across ELA and Math is lower than that of the average elementary school in the state, and its contribution to a middle school student's cross-subject average achievement is also lower than that of the average middle school in the state. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. In high school, Georgia Connections outperformed the average school in the state in 9th Grade Literature and American Literature, but performed below the state average in Algebra 1, Economics, Geometry, Physical Science, and U.S. History. Performance was indistinguishable from the state average in Biology. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Percentile Statistically District District (higher is Different Rank Average better) from State (lower is Average? better) Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District of Individual Percentile Rank SGPs (higher is (lower is better) better) Elementary ELA -0.0562 26 No Georgia Connections Academy 46 23 105 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Percentile Statistically District District (higher is Different Rank Average better) from State (lower is Average? better) Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District of Individual Percentile Rank SGPs (higher is (lower is better) better) Math -0.3232 1 Lower 35 5 All-Subject Average -0.1898 4 Lower 41 7 Middle ELA 0.0763 84 Higher 51 56 Math -0.3083 2 Lower 37 4 All-Subject Average -0.1086 9 Lower 44 13 High 9th Grade Literature 0.1714 93 Higher 56 81 American Literature 0.0731 71 Higher 50 51 Algebra 1 -0.1410 21 Lower 45 28 Biology -0.0573 37 No Economics -0.1517 27 Lower Geometry -0.1616 20 Lower 44 27 Physical Science U.S. History -0.1045 -0.2930 29 Lower 8 Lower Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Georgia Connections Academy 106 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Georgia Connections Academy's performance in elementary ELA, elementary Math, middle school ELA, and middle school Math has been consistent across the three years. At the high school level, its performance has been mixed each year. Performance has tended to be higher than the state in 9th Grade Literature and American Literature. In other subjects, performance has either been indistinguishable from the state or below the state. Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry -0.0568 -0.2349 -0.0632 -0.1670 -0.1289 0.0776 -0.1768 -0.0144 -0.2190 -0.0727 0.1201 0.0963 -0.0337 No Lower No Lower Lower Higher Lower No Lower Lower Higher Higher No 0.0467 No -0.2548 Lower -0.0400 No -0.2075 Lower -0.1140 Lower 0.1242 Higher -0.2552 Lower -0.0369 No -0.2003 Lower -0.0827 Lower 0.2357 Higher 0.1316 Higher -0.0562 No -0.3232 Lower -0.1898 Lower 0.0763 Higher -0.3083 Lower -0.1086 Lower 0.1714 Higher 0.0731 Higher Georgia Connections Academy 107 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Algebra 1 -0.0593 Lower -0.1410 Lower Biology 0.0291 No -0.0064 No -0.0573 No Coordinate Algebra 0.0295 No Economics -0.1466 Lower -0.4659 Lower -0.1517 Lower Geometry -0.0346 No -0.1616 Lower Physical Science -0.1806 Lower -0.1483 Lower -0.1045 Lower U.S. History -0.3918 Lower -0.2694 Lower -0.2930 Lower Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 39 5 42 20 Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 48 39 40 16 School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 46 23 35 5 Georgia Connections Academy 108 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History 44 19 46 32 42 11 46 23 41 12 45 25 43 19 44 15 49 42 49 47 51 60 48 45 54 67 53 61 38 12 32 7 42 15 46 33 44 20 50 52 38 11 43 19 41 15 43 15 55 79 51 61 46 40 48 47 40 20 43 36 37 12 39 20 Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 41 7 51 56 37 4 44 13 56 81 50 51 45 28 44 27 Georgia Connections Academy 109 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Georgia Cyber Academy Key Findings The value-added estimate of the school's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is -0.2759 in elementary grades and -0.1303 in middle grades. At the high school level, the value-added estimates for tested courses are 0.1500 in 9th Grade Literature, 0.0917 in American Literature, -0.1740 in Algebra 1, -0.0747 in Biology, -0.2220 in Economics, -0.1382 in Geometry, -0.1971 in Physical Science, and -0.3011 in U.S. History. Georgia Cyber Academy's performance is below the state average in elementary and middle grades. The school's estimated contribution to student achievement exceeds the state average in 9th Grade Literature and American Literature, but is below the state average in Algebra 1, Biology, Economics, Geometry, Physical Science, and U.S. History. Because the school serves students throughout the state, it does not have a district comparison group. Georgia Cyber's 2016/17 performance is generally the same as prior years across all subjects. Elementary and middle school Math remain below the state average in all three years, as do Biology, Economics, Physical Science, and U.S. History. 9th Grade Literature and American Literature remain above the state average for all three years. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o above the state average in 9th Grade Literature and American Literature; o below the state average in elementary ELA, elementary Math, middle school Math, Algebra 1, Biology, Economics, Geometry, Physical Science and U.S. History; and o indistinguishable from the state average in middle school ELA. General Characteristics School Name Georgia Cyber Academy Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation 2014 K12 Inc. Grades K-12 Curriculum Focus Online Curriculum School Year SingleGender School Normal No Virtual/ Online School Yes Serves Multiple Districts Online Parental Involvement Requirement Not Specified Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in State of GA 110 GA Cyber Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Students Served School Name GA Cyber Pct. Female 51.9 Pct. White 50.0 Pct. Black 34.2 Pct. Hispanic 7.6 Pct. Other Race 8.2 Pct. FRL 60.3 Pct. Direct Cert 34 Pct. LEP 0.7 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 13.3 9.5 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.2759 Elementary / -0.1303 Middle/ 0.1500 9th Grade Literature/ 0.0917 American Literature/ -0.1740 Algebra 1/ -0.0747 Biology/ -0.2220 Economics/ -0.1382 Geometry/ -0.1971 Physical Science/ -0.3011 U.S. History Georgia Cyber's contribution to an elementary student's average achievement across ELA and Math is lower than that of the average elementary school in the state, and its contribution to a middle school student's cross-subject average achievement is also lower than that of the average middle school in the state. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. In high school, Georgia Cyber outperformed the state average in 9th Grade Literature and American Literature, but performed below the state average in Algebra 1, Biology, Economics, Geometry, Physical Science, and U.S. History. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State Average? better) better) Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average -0.1621 6 -0.3842 1 -0.2759 1 Lower Lower Lower 44 16 34 4 39 5 Georgia Cyber Academy 111 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State Average? better) better) Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Middle ELA -0.0168 40 No 49 41 Math -0.2392 3 Lower 42 12 All-Subject Average -0.1303 5 Lower 46 20 High 9th Grade Literature 0.1500 91 Higher 53 64 American Literature 0.0917 76 Higher 46 30 Algebra 1 -0.1740 13 Lower 38 10 Biology -0.0747 33 Lower Economics -0.2220 19 Lower Geometry -0.1382 25 Lower 42 18 Physical Science -0.1971 11 Lower U.S. History -0.3011 7 Lower Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Georgia Cyber's 2016/17 performance is generally the same as prior years across all subjects. Elementary and middle school Math remain below the state average in all three years, as do Biology, Economics, Physical Science, and U.S. History. 9th Grade Literature and American Literature remain above the state average for all three years. Georgia Cyber Academy 112 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science -0.0441 -0.1211 -0.0669 -0.1755 -0.1051 -0.0355 -0.1212 -0.0576 -0.2333 -0.1100 0.1483 0.1835 -0.1083 -0.1641 0.0100 -0.0789 -0.1607 Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Higher Higher Lower Lower No Lower Lower -0.0992 Lower -0.2910 Lower -0.0553 Lower -0.2033 Lower -0.1598 Lower 0.0052 No -0.1848 Lower -0.0272 Lower -0.2302 Lower -0.1084 Lower 0.0619 Higher 0.1949 Higher -0.1428 Lower -0.1354 Lower -0.2194 Lower -0.2020 Lower -0.2391 Lower -0.1621 Lower -0.3842 Lower -0.2759 Lower -0.0168 No -0.2392 Lower -0.1303 Lower 0.1500 Higher 0.0917 Higher -0.1740 Lower -0.0747 Lower -0.2220 Lower -0.1382 Lower -0.1971 Lower Georgia Cyber Academy 113 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? U.S. History -0.3006 Lower -0.3372 Lower -0.3011 Lower Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 43 14 43 24 44 21 48 39 44 18 44 12 48 38 Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 42 10 36 8 44 23 45 28 42 12 45 22 42 20 School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 44 16 34 4 39 5 49 41 42 12 Georgia Cyber Academy 114 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Science 46 30 46 28 Social Studies 44 22 40 12 All-Subject Average 45 22 43 15 High 9th Grade Literature 51 56 49 44 American Literature 54 69 50 53 Analytic Geometry 48 44 41 20 Algebra 1 39 16 Biology 35 7 35 8 Coordinate Algebra 51 52 Economics 53 59 49 50 Geometry Physical Science 43 25 37 12 U.S. History 35 12 33 9 Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 46 20 53 64 46 30 38 10 42 18 Georgia Cyber Academy 115 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics Key Findings Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics' estimated value-added impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is -0.0421 in elementary grades and -0.0235 in middle grades. The school's performance is indistinguishable from the state average in both elementary and middle grades. Because the school serves students throughout the state, it does not have a district comparison group. Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics' performance in 2016/17 is generally improved from its performance in 2015/16. Last year, the school's performance was below the state in elementary ELA, elementary Math, and middle school Math. This year, its performance is indistinguishable in all tested subjects. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o indistinguishable from the state average in elementary ELA, elementary Math, middle school ELA and middle school Math. General Characteristics School Name Calendar Year Opened Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics 2015 EMO Affiliation No Grades Curriculum Focus Classical education approach with career pathways for K-7 secondary students (Linguistics, Nuclear Tech, Sustainable Ag, Entertainment Tech) School Year Normal SingleGender School Virtual/ Online School Serves Multiple Districts Parental Involvement Requirement Enrollment Restrictions No No Yes Not Specified Students residing in State of GA Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics 116 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Students Served School Name GA Innovation Pct. Female 49.3 Pct. White 69.4 Pct. Black 20.6 Pct. Hispanic 4.2 Pct. Other Race 5.8 Pct. FRL 0.0 Pct. Direct Cert 21.3 Pct. LEP 0.2 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 10.6 6.1 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.0421 Elementary / -0.0235 Middle Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics' contribution to an elementary student's average achievement across ELA and Math is indistinguishable from that of the average elementary school in the state. The school's contribution to a middle school student's cross-subject average achievement is also indistinguishable from that of the average middle school in the state. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math -0.0720 -0.0106 -0.0421 0.0155 -0.0298 20 No 46 No 33 No 57 No 39 No 52 63 58 83 55 79 53 75 54 68 Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics 117 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) All-Subject Average -0.0235 40 No 53 72 High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 Biology Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics' performance in 2016/17 is generally improved from its performance in 2015/16. Last year, the school was below the state in elementary ELA, elementary Math, and middle school Math. This year, it is indistinguishable in all tested subjects. Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics 118 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect -0.1204 -0.1549 -0.2235 -0.2836 -0.1943 Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower -0.0720 -0.0106 -0.0421 -0.0448 -0.3173 -0.0446 -0.2004 -0.1506 No Lower No Lower Lower 0.0155 -0.0298 -0.0235 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? No No No No No No Statistically Different from District Average? Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics 119 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 47 34 43 25 41 12 42 19 43 17 49 48 34 5 School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 52 63 58 83 55 79 53 75 54 68 Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics 120 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Science 48 40 Social Studies 45 26 All-Subject Average 44 17 High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 53 72 Georgia School for Innovation and the Classics 121 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Graduation Achievement Charter High School (Formerly Provost Academy) Key Findings Graduation Achievement Charter High School's estimated contribution to student achievement in courses where end-of-course exams are given were -0.2473 in 9th Grade Literature, -0.0499 in American Literature, 0.0038 in Biology, -0.2289 in Economics, -0.1238 in Physical Science, and -0.2403 in U.S. History. In half of the tested subjects, Graduation Achievement Charter High School's performance is indistinguishable from the performance of the average high school in the state. However, its performance is relatively weak in 9th Grade Literature, Economics, and U.S. History. Because the school serves students throughout the state, it does not have a district comparison group. Graduation Achievement Charter High School's performance in 2016/17 is generally similar to its performance in 2015/16. The school showed improvement in Physical Science, but declined substantially in 9th Grade Literature. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o below the state average in 9th Grade Literature, Economics, and U.S. History; and o indistinguishable from the state average in American Literature, Biology, and Physical Science. General Characteristics School Name Graduation Achievement Charter High School (formerly Provost Academy) Calendar Year Opened 2012 EMO Affiliation No Grades Curriculum Focus 9-12 Online Curriculum with STEM emphasis School Year Normal SingleGender School Virtual/ Online School Serves Multiple Districts Parental Involvement Requirement Enrollment Restrictions No Yes Online Not Specified Students residing in State of GA Graduation Achievement Charter High School (formerly Provost Academy) 122 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Students Served School Name Grad Achievement Pct. Female 49.6 Pct. White 23.0 Pct. Black 61.3 Pct. Hispanic 11.7 Pct. Other Race 4.1 Pct. FRL 64.4 Pct. Direct Cert 35.1 Pct. LEP 1.4 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 11.2 0.0 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.2473 9th Grade Literature/ -0.0499 American Literature/ 0.0038 Biology/ -0.2289 Economics/ -0.1238 Physical Science/ -0.2403 U.S. History Graduation Achievement Charter High School's contribution to a high school student's achievement is not statistically different from the average high school in the state in three of six subjects. Graduation Achievement Charter High School performed comparably to the average high school in the state in American Literature, Biology, and Physical Science. Its performance was below the state average in 9th Grade Literature, Economics, and U.S. History. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District District Percentile Different Rank (lower Average (higher is from State is better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District of Individual Percentile Rank (lower SGPs (higher is is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Graduation Achievement Charter High School (formerly Provost Academy) 123 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District District Percentile Different Rank (lower Average (higher is from State is better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District of Individual Percentile Rank (lower SGPs (higher is is better) better) Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature -0.2473 3 Lower 38 2 American Literature -0.0499 35 No 41 12 Algebra 1 Biology 0.0038 54 No Economics -0.2289 18 Lower Geometry Physical Science -0.1238 27 No U.S. History -0.2403 15 Lower Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Graduation Achievement Charter High School (formerly Provost Academy) 124 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Graduation Achievement Charter High School's performance in 2016/17 is generally similar to its performance in 2015/16. The school showed improvement in Physical Science, but declined substantially in 9th Grade Literature. Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 0.0032 -0.0686 -0.2296 No No Lower 0.0974 No 0.0280 No -0.1475 No -0.2473 Lower -0.0499 No Graduation Achievement Charter High School (formerly Provost Academy) 125 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Biology -0.1219 Lower -0.0459 No 0.0038 No Coordinate Algebra -0.1857 Lower -0.0509 No Economics -0.3231 Lower -0.3216 Lower -0.2289 Lower Geometry Physical Science -0.1848 Lower -0.1834 Lower -0.1238 No U.S. History -0.3879 Lower -0.2978 Lower -0.2403 Lower Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Graduation Achievement Charter High School (formerly Provost Academy) 126 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature 44 24 56 83 American Literature 43 20 47 42 Analytic Geometry 38 9 39 14 Algebra 1 Biology 38 10 48 50 Coordinate Algebra 40 12 37 19 Economics 35 7 38 16 Geometry Physical Science 39 14 34 7 U.S. History 29 3 40 24 Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 38 2 41 12 Graduation Achievement Charter High School (formerly Provost Academy) 127 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 International Charter School of Atlanta Key Findings The value-added estimate of International Charter School of Atlanta's impact on a student's average achievement in Math and ELA is -0.0327 in elementary grades. International Charter School of Atlanta's performance is not statistically different from the state in elementary ELA, but is below the state in elementary Math. Because the school serves students throughout the state, it does not have a district comparison group. International Charter School's performance in 2016/17 is generally consistent with the 2015/16 school year. The school declined slightly in elementary Math, moving from being indistinguishable from the state to below the state. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o below the state average in elementary Math; and o indistinguishable from the state average in elementary ELA. General Characteristics School Name Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation International Charter School of Atlanta 2015 No Grades Curriculum Focus Language immersion K-5 emphasis (French, German, Spanish, Mandarin) School Year Normal SingleGender School Virtual/ Online School Serves Multiple Districts Parental Involvement Requirement Enrollment Restrictions No No Yes Not Specified Students residing in State of GA Students Served School Name International Pct. Female 53.4 Pct. White 39.7 Pct. Black 31.8 Pct. Hispanic 13.7 About half of the "other race" students (6.7 percent of the total) are Asian. Pct. Other Race 14.8 Pct. FRL 1.5 Pct. Direct Cert 7.6 Pct. LEP 7.3 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 6.2 7.1 128 International Charter School of Atlanta State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.0327 Elementary International Charter School of Atlanta's contribution to an elementary school student's achievement is not statistically different from the average elementary school in the state. The school's estimated contribution to student achievement is not statistically different from the state in elementary ELA, but is below the state in elementary Math. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 Biology Economics Geometry 0.0377 -0.1034 -0.0327 64 No 21 Lower 36 No 50 48 46 32 48 35 International Charter School of Atlanta 129 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results International Charter School's performance in 2016/17 is generally consistent with the 2015/16 school year. The school declined slightly in elementary Math, moving from being indistinguishable from the state to below the state. Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average -0.0028 No -0.0854 No -0.0433 No -0.0407 No -0.0434 No 0.0377 No -0.1034 Lower -0.0327 No International Charter School of Atlanta 130 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. International Charter School of Atlanta 131 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 48 41 43 24 48 41 50 53 47 37 School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 50 48 46 32 48 35 International Charter School of Atlanta 132 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) U.S. History Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) International Charter School of Atlanta 133 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett Key Findings The value-added estimate of Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is -0.0899 in middle grades. Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett's performance is lower than the average middle school in the state and in the district. Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett's performance in 2016/2017 was consistent with its performance in 2015/16 and worse than its performance in 2014/15. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o below the district and state averages in middle school Math; and o indistinguishable from the district and state averages in middle school ELA. General Characteristics School Name Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett Calendar Year Opened 2008 EMO Affiliation No Grades 6-8 Curriculum Focus Curriculum is entirely College Preparatory. Saturday Academy is available to struggling students. School Year Extended Day/Week/ Year SingleGender School Girls Only Virtual/ Online School No Serves Multiple Districts Yes Parental Involvement Requirement Enrollment Restrictions Not Specified Students residing in Gwinnett, Fulton, and DeKalb County School districts Students Served School Name Ivy Prep. Gwinnett Pct. Female 100.0 Pct. White 1.4 Pct. Black 79.1 Pct. Hispanic 14.4 Pct. Other Race 5.0 Pct. FRL 57.6 Pct. Direct Cert 24.1 Pct. LEP 1.4 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 8.6 0.0 134 Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.0899 Middle Average Overall School Effect in District: -0.0055 Middle Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett's contribution to a student's cross-subject average achievement is statistically lower than the average school in the state and the district. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 Biology Economics 0.0071 -0.2011 -0.0899 52 No 5 Lower 13 Lower 48 of 91 86 of 91 80 of 91 0.0070 -0.0195 -0.0055 No Lower Lower 48 32 64 of 91 34 2 89 of 91 42 6 88 of 91 Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett 135 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett's performance in 2016/17 was consistent with its performance in 2015/16 and worse than its performance in 2014/15. In particular, 2016/17 middle school Math performance was worse than 2014/15 performance. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett 136 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? All-Subject Average Middle ELA -0.0434 No -0.0324 No -0.0567 No 0.0117 No 0.0071 No 0.0070 No Math 0.0857 Higher -0.0114 Higher -0.2074 Lower -0.0419 Lower -0.2011 Lower -0.0195 Lower Science -0.0814 Lower -0.0301 No -0.2024 Lower -0.0103 Lower Social Studies 0.0400 No -0.0201 No -0.0098 No -0.0168 No All-Subject Average 0.0060 No -0.0267 No -0.1074 Lower -0.0187 Lower -0.0899 Lower -0.0055 Lower High 9th Grade Literature 0.2814 Higher -0.0427 Higher American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology -0.2535 Lower 0.0181 Lower Coordinate Algebra 0.0800 No -0.0646 No Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett 137 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 52 65 12 of 32 49 43 57 of 88 48 32 64 of 91 53 67 11 of 32 34 4 86 of 88 34 2 89 of 91 44 20 28 of 33 39 8 83 of 87 48 37 26 of 33 48 39 56 of 88 49 43 22 of 33 42 12 76 of 88 42 6 88 of 91 63 93 1 of 22 34 5 22 of 23 50 50 6 of 21 Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett 138 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Physical Science U.S. History Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett 139 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of School Impact Subject Area: All-Subject Middle Average State Charter: Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett Comparison District: Gwinnett, Fulton, and DeKalb County Schools 140 Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle ELA State Charter: Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett Comparison District: Gwinnett, Fulton, and DeKalb County Schools Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett 141 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle Mathematics State Charter: Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett Comparison District: Gwinnett, Fulton, and DeKalb County Schools Ivy Preparatory Academy at Gwinnett 142 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls Key Findings The value-added estimate of Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls' impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is 0.2872 in elementary grades and 0.2055 in middle grades. The school's performance is above the state and district averages in elementary school and middle school. Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls' elementary school and middle school performance in 2016/17 improved from its performance in 2015/16 and 2014/15. In all tested subjects, the school was above the state and district averages, which has not been the case in the past. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o above the district and state average in elementary ELA, elementary Math, middle school ELA and middle school Math. General Characteristics School Name Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood Calendar Year Opened 2011 EMO Affiliation No Grades K-8 Curriculum Focus Curriculum is entirely College Preparatory. Saturday Academy is available to struggling students. School Year Extended Day/Week/ Year SingleGender School Girls Only Virtual/ Online School No Serves Multiple Districts Yes Parental Involvement Requirement Enrollment Restrictions Not Specified Students residing in DeKalb County and Atlanta Public Schools zones Students Served School Name Ivy Prep. Kirkwood Pct. Female 100.0 Pct. White 0.2 Pct. Black 98.8 Pct. Hispanic 0.2 Pct. Other Race 0.7 Pct. FRL 82.5 Pct. Direct Cert 41 Pct. LEP 0.0 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 5.4 0.9 143 Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: 0.2872 Elementary / 0.2055 Middle Average Overall School Effect in District: 0.0160 Elementary / 0.0156 Middle Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls' contribution to an elementary student's cross-subject average achievement is above that of the average elementary school in the state and district. Its contribution to a middle school student's cross-subject average achievement is also above the average middle school in the state and district. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 0.3597 0.2142 0.2872 0.3313 0.1151 0.2055 99 Higher 95 Higher 99 Higher 99 Higher 84 Higher 98 Higher 1 of 141 13 of 141 2 of 141 1 of 53 10 of 53 3 of 53 0.0131 0.0184 0.0160 Higher Higher Higher 0.0205 0.0002 0.0156 Higher Higher Higher 64 99 2 of 141 63 95 11 of 141 64 99 2 of 141 68 99 1 of 53 56 78 11 of 53 62 98 3 of 53 Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls 144 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Biology Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls 145 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls' elementary performance in 2016/17 improved from its performance in 2015/16 and 2014/15. In all tested subjects, the school was above the state and district, which has not been the case in the past. Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 -0.3434 -0.1331 -0.2244 -0.3904 -0.2712 0.1090 -0.0506 -0.1913 0.2084 0.0196 Lower Lower Lower Lower Lower Higher No Lower Higher No 0.0681 Lower -0.0211 No -0.0068 Lower -0.0509 Lower -0.0019 Lower 0.0510 No -0.0206 No 0.0019 Lower 0.0185 Higher 0.0150 No -0.1359 Lower -0.1934 Lower -0.1294 Lower -0.3285 Lower -0.1969 Lower 0.1073 Higher -0.1281 Lower -0.0608 No 0.2542 Higher 0.0405 No 0.0630 -0.0255 -0.0188 -0.0565 -0.0096 Lower Lower No Lower Lower 0.0216 -0.0441 -0.0429 -0.0503 -0.0252 No No No Higher No 0.3597 Higher 0.2142 Higher 0.0131 Higher 0.0184 Higher 0.2872 Higher 0.3313 Higher 0.1151 Higher 0.0160 Higher 0.0205 Higher 0.0002 Higher 0.2055 Higher 0.0156 Higher Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls 146 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 31 1 85 of 85 38 11 77 of 85 32 2 84 of 85 Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 39 4 137 of 139 33 4 134 of 139 35 2 134 of 139 School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 64 99 2 of 141 63 95 11 of 141 Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls 147 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Social Studies 27 1 84 of 85 23 1 All-Subject Average 32 1 85 of 85 32 1 Middle ELA Math 55 86 12 of 33 47 33 22 of 33 59 96 44 27 Science 40 11 31 of 33 49 46 Social Studies 60 89 7 of 33 67 98 All-Subject Average 50 55 17 of 33 55 83 High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. 139 of 139 139 of 139 3 of 54 25 of 54 21 of 54 2 of 54 7 of 54 School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 64 99 2 of 141 68 99 1 of 53 56 78 11 of 53 62 98 3 of 53 Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls 148 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of School Impact Subject Area: All-Subject Elementary Average State Charter: Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls Comparison District: DeKalb County and Atlanta Public Schools 149 Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary ELA State Charter: Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls Comparison District: DeKalb County and Atlanta Public Schools Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls 150 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary Mathematics State Charter: Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls Comparison District: DeKalb County and Atlanta Public Schools Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls 151 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: All-Subject Middle Average State Charter: Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls Comparison District: DeKalb County and Atlanta Public Schools Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls 152 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle ELA State Charter: Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls Comparison District: DeKalb County and Atlanta Public Schools Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls 153 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle Mathematics State Charter: Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls Comparison District: DeKalb County and Atlanta Public Schools Ivy Preparatory Academy at Kirkwood for Girls 154 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Liberty Tech Charter School Key Findings The value-added estimate of Liberty Tech Charter School's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is -0.0686 in elementary grades and -0.0854 in middle grades. The school's performance is indistinguishable from the state average in elementary school and below the state average in middle school. Because the school serves students throughout the state, it does not have a district comparison group. Liberty Tech's first year in operation is 2016/17, so it is not possible to make year-to-year performance assessments. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o below the state average in middle school Math; and o indistinguishable from the state average in elementary ELA, elementary Math, and middle school ELA. General Characteristics School Name Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation Liberty Tech Charter School 2016 No Grades 3-8 Curriculum Focus Classical/STEM hybrid, House System to learn college and career readiness, physical education daily School Year SingleGender School Virtual/ Online School Serves Multiple Districts Parental Involvement Requirement Enrollment Restrictions Extended Year: 210 No No days Yes Not Specified Students residing in State of GA Students Served School Name Liberty Tech Pct. Female 52.7 Pct. White 60.6 Pct. Black 27.6 Pct. Hispanic 6.1 Pct. Other Race 5.7 Pct. FRL 15.1 Pct. Direct Cert 10.4 Pct. LEP 0.0 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 7.5 22.2 155 Liberty Tech Charter School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.0686 Elementary / -0.0854 Middle Liberty Tech's contribution to an elementary student's cross-subject average achievement is indistinguishable from that of the average elementary school in the state. Its contribution to a middle school student's cross-subject average achievement is below the average middle school in the state. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 Biology Economics -0.0593 -0.0778 -0.0686 -0.0269 -0.1941 -0.0854 25 No 28 No 22 No 35 No 6 Lower 14 Lower 49 43 47 35 48 35 53 75 42 13 48 36 Liberty Tech Charter School 156 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Liberty Tech's first year in operation is 2016/17, so it is not possible to make year-to-year performance assessments. Liberty Tech Charter School 157 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Mountain Education Center Key Findings Mountain Education Center's estimated contribution to student achievement in courses tested with end-of-course exams are 0.0295 in 9th Grade Literature, 0.0957 in American Literature, 0.2461 in Algebra 1, 0.3085 in Biology, -0.0289 in Economics, 0.1825 in Geometry, 0.1629 in Physical Science, and 0.0939 in U.S. History. Mountain Education Center's contribution to student achievement exceeds the state average in Algebra 1, Biology, and Physical Science. Other tested subjects are indistinguishable from the state. Because the school serves students throughout the state, it does not have a district comparison group. Compared to 2015/16, Mountain Education Center saw a general improvement in its performance in 2016/17. While only one tested subject was higher than the state in 2015/16, three were higher in 2016/17. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o above the state average in Algebra 1, Biology, and Physical Science; and o indistinguishable from the state average in 9th Grade Literature, American Literature, Economics, Geometry, and U.S. History. General Characteristics School Name Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation Mountain Education Charter School 2007 No Grades Curriculum Focus Self-paced, individualized, 9-12 evening high school for students struggling at other schools School Year Yearround SingleGender School Virtual/ Online School Serves Multiple Districts Parental Involvement Requirement Enrollment Restrictions No No Yes No Students residing in State of GA 158 Mountain Education Center State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Students Served School Name Mountain Ed. Pct. Female 45.8 Pct. White 82.1 Pct. Black 3.7 Pct. Hispanic 12.2 Pct. Other Race 2.0 Pct. FRL 100.0 Pct. Direct Cert 24.9 Pct. LEP 3.0 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 15.8 0.0 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: 0.0295 9th Grade Literature/ 0.0957 American Literature/ 0.2461 Algebra 1/ 0.3085 Biology/ -0.0289 Economics/ 0.1825 Geometry/ 0.1629 Physical Science/ 0.0939 U.S. History Mountain Education Center's contribution to student achievement is greater than the state average in Algebra 1, Biology, and Physical Science. Other tested subjects are indistinguishable from the state. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average Mountain Education Center 159 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) High 9th Grade Literature 0.0295 58 No 56 80 American Literature 0.0957 77 No 56 83 Algebra 1 0.2461 92 Higher 55 69 Biology 0.3085 96 Higher Economics -0.0289 48 No Geometry 0.1825 86 No 46 33 Physical Science 0.1629 83 Higher U.S. History 0.0939 69 No Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Mountain Education Center's performance has fluctuated over time. In 2014/15, its performance exceeded state averages in four subjects and was not statistically different from the state average in the other four. In 2015/16, however, performance generally declined. Its performance was above the state average in only one EOC test subject and indistinguishable from the state average in the other seven. In 2016/17, performance generally improved and the school was higher than the state average in three out of eight subjects. Mountain Education Center 160 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science 0.2107 -0.0020 0.1695 0.2353 0.2720 0.1343 0.0578 Higher No No Higher Higher Higher No 0.1000 No 0.0275 No 0.1492 Higher -0.0578 No 0.0797 No 0.0717 No -0.0102 No 0.0295 No 0.0957 No 0.2461 Higher 0.3085 Higher -0.0289 No 0.1825 No 0.1629 Higher Mountain Education Center 161 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? U.S. History 0.0634 No -0.0266 No 0.0939 No Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Mountain Education Center 162 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History 65 97 50 51 60 90 64 91 66 97 59 82 58 86 48 46 55 81 43 25 59 84 52 63 60 81 47 42 40 22 41 26 Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 56 80 56 83 55 69 46 33 Mountain Education Center 163 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Odyssey School Key Findings The value-added estimate of the school's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is -0.0137 in elementary grades and -0.1230 in middle grades. Odyssey School's performance is indistinguishable from the state and district averages in elementary school, but below the state and district averages in middle school. Compared to 2015/16, Odyssey School saw similar performance in elementary ELA and Math but declined in middle school ELA and Math. Compared to 2014/15, performance in elementary Math was improved, but performance in middle school ELA and middle school Math declined. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o below the state and district average in middle school ELA and middle school Math; and o indistinguishable from the state and district average in elementary ELA and elementary Math. General Characteristics School Name Odyssey School Calendar Year Opened 2004 EMO Affiliation No Grades Curriculum Focus Multi-age classrooms - students grouped K-8 by skill level/Looping: students remain with teacher two years School Year Normal SingleGender School Virtual/ Online School Serves Multiple Districts Parental Involvement Requirement Enrollment Restrictions No No No 18 hours per academic year Students residing in Coweta County Public Schools Zone Students Served School Name Odyssey Pct. Female 44.8 Pct. White 51.0 Pct. Black 29.1 Pct. Hispanic 12.1 Pct. Other Race 7.7 Pct. FRL 34.8 Pct. Direct Cert 15.4 Pct. LEP 4.9 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 14.4 13.4 164 Odyssey School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.0137 Elementary / -0.1230 Middle Average Overall School Effect in District: -0.0019 Elementary / 0.0171 Middle Odyssey School's contribution to an elementary student's average achievement across ELA and Math is indistinguishable from the average elementary school in the state or district. The contribution to a middle school student's average achievement is below the average middle school in the state and district. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 Biology Economics School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? 0.0195 -0.0470 -0.0137 -0.0921 -0.1597 -0.1230 57 No 36 No 43 No 10 Lower 9 Lower 6 Lower 13 of 21 11 of 21 9 of 21 8 of 8 7 of 8 8 of 8 0.0269 No -0.0298 No -0.0019 No 0.0127 0.0098 0.0171 Lower Lower Lower Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) 54 74 10 of 21 49 45 10 of 21 52 58 10 of 21 50 53 7 of 8 51 55 7 of 8 51 54 7 of 8 165 Odyssey School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Compared to 2015/16, Odyssey School saw similar performance in elementary ELA and Math, but declined in middle school ELA and Math. Compared to 2014/15, performance in elementary Math was improved, but performance in middle school ELA and Math declined. Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average -0.0749 -0.3483 0.1369 -0.0389 -0.0793 No Lower Higher No No -0.0544 No -0.0398 Lower -0.0534 Higher -0.0541 No -0.0510 No 0.0535 No -0.0414 No -0.0049 No -0.2258 Lower -0.0548 No -0.1095 -0.0390 -0.0415 -0.0862 -0.0683 Higher No No Lower No 0.0195 No -0.0470 No -0.0137 No 0.0269 No -0.0298 No -0.0019 No 166 Odyssey School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Middle ELA 0.0086 No 0.0138 No 0.1301 Higher -0.0045 Higher -0.0921 Lower 0.0127 Lower Math 0.0721 No -0.0108 No 0.0561 No 0.0093 No -0.1597 Lower 0.0098 Lower Science -0.1552 Lower -0.0797 No -0.1686 Lower -0.0917 No Social Studies -0.1902 Lower -0.0532 Lower -0.2330 Lower -0.0645 Lower All-Subject Average -0.0585 No -0.0267 No -0.0395 No -0.0209 No -0.1230 Lower 0.0171 Lower High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. 167 Odyssey School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 48 37 9 of 21 39 12 20 of 21 57 81 1 of 21 52 59 8 of 21 49 42 13 of 21 48 41 8 of 8 62 94 1 of 8 40 11 7 of 8 39 10 7 of 8 47 30 7 of 8 Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 54 79 1 of 21 55 69 5 of 21 54 70 6 of 21 48 41 10 of 21 53 66 3 of 21 60 97 2 of 8 64 96 1 of 8 43 18 7 of 8 42 16 8 of 8 52 70 4 of 8 School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 54 74 10 of 21 49 45 10 of 21 52 58 10 of 21 50 53 7 of 8 51 55 7 of 8 51 54 7 of 8 168 Odyssey School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Physical Science U.S. History Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 169 Odyssey School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of School Impact Subject Area: All-Subject Elementary Average State Charter: Odyssey School Comparison District: Coweta County Public Schools 170 Odyssey School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary ELA State Charter: Odyssey School Comparison District: Coweta County Public Schools 171 Odyssey School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary Mathematics State Charter: Odyssey School Comparison District: Coweta County Public Schools 172 Odyssey School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: All-Subject Middle Average State Charter: Odyssey School Comparison District: Coweta County Public Schools 173 Odyssey School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle ELA State Charter: Odyssey School Comparison District: Coweta County Public Schools 174 Odyssey School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle Mathematics State Charter: Odyssey School Comparison District: Coweta County Public Schools 175 Odyssey School State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Pataula Charter Academy Key Findings The value-added estimate of the school's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is 0.0283 in elementary grades and -0.0405 in middle grades. Pataula Charter Academy's contribution to student achievement in courses where end-of-course exams are given are 0.1212 in 9th Grade Literature, -0.0237 in American Literature, -0.2951 in Algebra 1, 0.1962 in Biology, -0.0921 in Economics, -0.3958 in Geometry, 0.1849 in Physical Science, and -0.0674 in U.S. History. Pataula Charter Academy's performance is statistically indistinguishable from the state and district averages in both elementary and middle school. At the high school level, the value-added estimates in Biology and Physical Science are above the state and district averages, while Algebra 1 and Geometry are below the state and district averages. Pataula Charter Academy's performance in elementary ELA declined from the 2015/16 school year. Performance in elementary Math, middle school ELA, and middle school Math was consistent with the prior year. Relative to 2014/15, the performance in 2016/17 was worse in both middle school subjects and the same in both elementary subjects. Performance at the high school level was generally similar to the past, but Physical Science and U.S. History both showed improvement. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o above the state and district averages in Biology and Physical Science; o below the state and district average in middle school Math, Algebra 1, and Geometry; o indistinguishable from the state average but higher than the district in elementary Math and 9th Grade Literature; and o indistinguishable from the state and district average in elementary ELA, middle school ELA, American Literature, Economics, and U.S. History. 176 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 General Characteristics School Name Pataula Charter Academy Calendar Year Opened 2010 EMO Affiliation No Grades Curriculum Focus K-12 Expeditionary Learning: project based lectures and curriculum delivery/Looping: students remain with teacher for two years School Year Normal SingleGender School No Virtual/ Online School No Serves Multiple Districts Yes Parental Involvement Requirement Not Specified Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, Randolph Public School districts Students Served School Name Pataula Pct. Female 48.6 Pct. White 74.7 Pct. Black 16.5 Pct. Hispanic 5.5 Pct. Other Race 3.2 Pct. FRL 57.5 Pct. Direct Cert 26.1 Pct. LEP 2.0 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 9.3 5.0 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: 0.0283 Elementary / -0.0405 Middle/ 0.1212 9th Grade Literature/ -0.0237 American Literature/ -0.2951 Algebra 1/ 0.1962 Biology/ -0.0921 Economics/ -0.3958 Geometry/ 0.1849 Physical Science/ -0.0674 U.S. History Average Overall School Effect in District: -0.0409 Elementary / 0.0040 Middle/ -0.0460 9th Grade Literature/ -0.0668 American Literature/ 0.0329 Algebra 1/ -0.0269 Biology/ 0.0234 Economics/ 0.0723 Geometry/ -0.0694 Physical Science/ -0.0669 U.S. History Pataula Charter Academy's contribution to a student's average achievement across ELA and Math is indistinguishable from the average elementary school in the state and district. The middle school average is also indistinguishable from the five-county area and the state average. Its high school performance is indistinguishable from the state in four of eight subjects, lower in two subjects, and higher in two subjects. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. 177 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA -0.0103 45 No 4 of 6 -0.0221 No 51 58 2 of 6 Math 0.0668 68 No 2 of 6 -0.0603 Higher 60 90 1 of 6 All-Subject Average 0.0283 60 No 3 of 6 -0.0409 No 56 82 1 of 6 Middle ELA 0.0320 65 No 4 of 6 0.0261 No 49 43 4 of 6 Math -0.1342 13 Lower 4 of 6 -0.0192 Lower 46 32 3 of 6 All-Subject Average -0.0405 33 No 5 of 6 0.0040 No 47 32 4 of 6 High 9th Grade Literature 0.1212 86 No 1 of 5 -0.0460 Higher 53 63 1 of 5 American Literature -0.0237 41 No 2 of 4 -0.0668 No 47 34 2 of 4 Algebra 1 -0.2951 4 Lower 4 of 4 0.0329 Lower 47 36 2 of 4 Biology 0.1962 89 Higher 1 of 5 -0.0269 Higher Economics -0.0921 38 No 4 of 5 0.0234 No Geometry -0.3958 2 Lower 3 of 3 0.0723 Lower 42 19 3 of 3 Physical Science 0.1849 86 Higher 1 of 5 -0.0694 Higher U.S. History -0.0674 42 No 2 of 4 -0.0669 No Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. 178 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Pataula Charter Academy's performance in elementary ELA declined from the 2015/16 school year. Performance in elementary Math, middle school ELA, and middle school Math was consistent with the prior year. Relative to 2014/15, the performance in 2016/17 was worse in both middle school subjects and the same in both elementary subjects. Performance at the high school level was generally similar to the past, but Physical Science and U.S. History both showed improvement. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry School Effect 0.0257 -0.0499 0.0336 -0.0626 -0.0146 0.1300 -0.0549 -0.0950 0.0413 0.0197 -0.0520 -0.1829 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? No No No No No Higher No Lower No No No No 0.0085 0.0754 -0.0201 -0.0267 0.0094 0.0578 0.0767 -0.0646 -0.0212 0.0165 -0.0515 0.0359 Statistically Different from District Average? No Lower No No No No Lower No No No No Lower Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? 0.2623 Higher -0.0487 No 0.0549 No 0.2111 Higher 0.1212 Higher 0.0325 No -0.1015 Lower -0.1973 Lower -0.1558 Lower -0.1116 Lower 0.0643 No -0.0515 No -0.2179 Lower 0.0547 0.0670 0.0194 0.0667 0.0523 Higher Lower No Higher No 0.0873 0.1234 -0.0376 0.0207 0.0454 No Lower Lower Lower Lower 0.1397 0.0875 0.1928 No No Lower -0.0103 No 0.0668 No -0.0221 No -0.0603 Higher 0.0283 No 0.0320 No -0.1342 Lower -0.0409 No 0.0261 No -0.0192 Lower -0.0405 No 0.1212 No -0.0237 No 0.0040 No -0.0460 Higher -0.0668 No 179 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Algebra 1 -0.2323 Lower 0.0947 Lower -0.2951 Lower 0.0329 Lower Biology 0.6226 Higher 0.0807 Higher 0.1234 No 0.0373 No 0.1962 Higher -0.0269 Higher Coordinate Algebra -0.1642 No 0.0331 No Economics -0.0921 No 0.0234 No Geometry -0.3958 Lower 0.0723 Lower Physical Science 0.0583 No -0.0415 No 0.1176 No 0.0472 No 0.1849 Higher -0.0694 Higher U.S. History -0.3478 Lower 0.0359 Lower -0.0674 No -0.0669 No Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 49 47 1 of 6 53 63 3 of 6 63 98 1 of 6 51 58 2 of 6 51 56 3 of 6 60 90 1 of 6 180 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History 52 62 1 of 6 51 54 3 of 6 52 60 1 of 6 55 84 2 of 6 50 49 2 of 6 53 70 2 of 6 52 57 2 of 6 52 69 2 of 6 43 21 2 of 5 50 56 4 of 5 74 99 1 of 5 54 65 2 of 6 50 55 2 of 5 51 55 70 98 59 92 49 46 48 45 44 21 39 11 45 22 49 45 40 15 41 19 29 2 62 90 66 95 31 6 Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. 4 of 6 1 of 6 1 of 6 3 of 6 4 of 6 5 of 6 6 of 6 4 of 6 3 of 5 3 of 5 4 of 4 3 of 3 1 of 4 1 of 5 4 of 5 School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 56 82 1 of 6 49 43 4 of 6 46 32 3 of 6 47 32 4 of 6 53 63 1 of 5 47 34 2 of 4 47 36 2 of 4 42 19 3 of 3 181 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of School Impact Subject Area: All-Subject Elementary Average State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 182 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary ELA State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 183 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary Mathematics State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 184 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: All-Subject Middle Average State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 185 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle ELA State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 186 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle Mathematics State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 187 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: 9th Grade Literature State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 188 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: American Literature State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 189 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Algebra 1 State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 190 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Biology State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 191 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Economics State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 192 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Geometry State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 193 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Physical Science State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 194 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: U.S. History State Charter: Pataula Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Baker, Calhoun, Clay, Early, and Randolph 195 Pataula Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Scintilla Charter Academy Key Findings The value-added estimate of Scintilla Charter Academy's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is -0.0859 in elementary grades. Scintilla Charter Academy's performance is statistically below the state average, but indistinguishable from the district. Compared to the 2015/16 school year, the school showed improvement. Elementary ELA improved from the prior year while elementary Math remained statistically below the state and district. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o below the state and two-district average in elementary Math; and o indistinguishable from the state and two-district average in elementary ELA. General Characteristics School Name Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation Scintilla Charter Academy 2015 No Grades Curriculum Focus Project-based K-5 learning with emphasis on service learning School Year Normal SingleGender School No Virtual/ Online School No Serves Multiple Districts Yes Parental Involvement Requirement 20 volunteer hours/year Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in Lowndes County and Valdosta City School districts Students Served School Name Scintilla Pct. Female 47.6 Pct. White 50.3 Pct. Black 40.8 Pct. Hispanic 2.7 Pct. Other Race 6.1 Pct. FRL 53.7 Pct. Direct Cert 26.8 Pct. LEP 1.1 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 12.1 11.2 196 Scintilla Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.0859 Elementary Average Overall School Effect in District: -0.0186 Elementary Scintilla Charter Academy's contribution to a student's average achievement across ELA and Math is below the average elementary school in the state but indistinguishable from its two-district attendance zone. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 Biology -0.0768 -0.0919 -0.0859 19 No 23 Lower 18 Lower 11 of 13 11 of 13 11 of 13 -0.0403 0.0030 -0.0186 No Lower No Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) 48 34 4 of 13 50 51 5 of 13 49 40 5 of 13 Scintilla Charter Academy 197 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Compared to the 2015/16 school year, the school showed improvement. Elementary ELA performance improved from the prior year, while elementary Math performance remained statistically below the state and district. Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average -0.2714 -0.3735 -0.0035 -0.0228 -0.1681 Lower Lower No No Lower -0.0356 0.0101 0.0493 0.0651 0.0212 Lower Lower No No Lower -0.0768 No -0.0919 Lower -0.0403 No 0.0030 Lower -0.0859 Lower -0.0186 No Scintilla Charter Academy 198 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Scintilla Charter Academy 199 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 34 1 13 of 13 48 34 4 of 13 26 1 13 of 13 50 51 5 of 13 52 59 7 of 13 46 33 10 of 13 39 6 13 of 13 49 40 5 of 13 Scintilla Charter Academy 200 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Physical Science U.S. History Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Scintilla Charter Academy 201 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of School Impact Subject Area: All-Subject Elementary Average State Charter: Scintilla Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Lowndes County and Valdosta City 202 Scintilla Charter Academy State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary ELA State Charter: Scintilla Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Lowndes County and Valdosta City Scintilla Charter Academy 203 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Elementary Mathematics State Charter: Scintilla Charter Academy Comparison Districts: Lowndes County and Valdosta City Scintilla Charter Academy 204 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Southwest Georgia STEM Charter Key Findings In each of the grades, fewer than 15 students were tested. As a result, performance information is not reported for Southwest Georgia STEM Charter. Southwest Georgia STEM's first year in operation is 2016/17, so it is not possible to make year-to-year performance assessments. General Characteristics School Name Southwest Georgia STEM Charter Calendar Year Opened 2016 EMO Affiliation No Grades K-5 Curriculum Focus Interdisciplinary, place-based paired with STEM School Year Normal SingleGender School Virtual/ Online School Serves Multiple Districts Parental Involvement Requirement Enrollment Restrictions No No Yes Not Specified Students residing in State of GA Students Served School Name Southwest GA Pct. Female Pct. White Pct. Black 50.6 72.3 14.5 Pct. Hispanic 8.4 Pct. Other Race 4.8 Pct. FRL 0.0 Pct. Direct Cert 44.9 Pct. LEP 0.0 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 12.0 0.0 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Fewer than 15 students enrolled per grade. Data is only reported for tests with at least 15 test-takers. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Southwest Georgia STEM's first year in operation is 2016/17, so it is not possible to make year-to-year performance assessments. 205 Southwest Georgia STEM Charter State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Statesboro STEAM College, Careers, Arts & Technology Academy (formerly Charter Conservatory for Liberal Arts & Technology (CCAT)) Key Findings The value-added estimate of the school's impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is -0.1127 in middle grades. Statesboro STEAM College, Careers, Arts & Technology Academy's estimated contribution to student achievement in courses where end- of-course exams are administered are as follows: 0.1206 in 9th Grade Literature, -0.0239 in Algebra 1, 0.0622 in Biology, 0.3134 in Economics, and 0.0823 in Physical Science. Statesboro STEAM College, Careers, Arts & Technology Academy's performance is lower than the state and district average of middle schools. The value-added estimate of the school's impact on a high school student's achievement in all tested subjects is indistinguishable from the state and district averages, except for Economics, which is higher than the state average. Statesboro STEAM College, Careers, Arts & Technology Academy's 2016/17 performance in middle school ELA is improved from 2015/16 and similar to 2014/15. For middle school Math, performance is consistently below the state and district in all three years. In high school grades, the school's performance improved in 9th Grade Literature from 2015/16, but most subjects for which performance results are available in 2016/17 do not have performance results in the prior year. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o below the state and district averages in middle school Math; o indistinguishable from the district but higher than the state in Economics; and o indistinguishable from the state and district average in middle school ELA, 9th Grade Literature, Algebra 1, Biology, and Physical Science. General Characteristics School Name Statesboro STEAM Calendar Year Opened 2002 EMO Affiliation No Grades Curriculum Focus School Year SingleGender School Multi-age classrooms 6-12 - students grouped Year-round No by skill level Virtual/ Online School No Serves Multiple Districts No Parental Involvement Requirement 1 Hour of Service/week Enrollment Restrictions Students residing in Bulloch County Public Schools Zone 206 Statesboro STEAM State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Students Served School Name Statesboro STEAM Pct. Female 44.6 Pct. White 75.0 Pct. Black 20.3 Pct. Hispanic 2.0 Pct. Other Race 2.7 Pct. FRL 61.5 Pct. Direct Cert 22.3 Pct. LEP 0.0 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 15.5 15.5 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.1127 Middle/ 0.1206 9th Grade Literature/ -0.0239 Algebra 1/ 0.0622 Biology/ 0.3134 Economics/ 0.0823 Physical Science Average Overall School Effect in District: 0.0145 Middle/ 0.1163 9th Grade Literature/ -0.0239 Algebra 1/ -0.0832 Biology/ 0.0499 Economics/ 0.0190 Physical Science Statesboro STEAM's contribution to a middle school student's cross-subject average achievement is lower than the average middle school in the state and district. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. In four of five high school tested subjects, Statesboro STEAM's contribution to a student's achievement is not statistically different from the average high school in the district or state. Economics performance is higher than the state, but indistinguishable from the district. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Statesboro STEAM 207 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Middle ELA -0.0263 35 No 4 of 5 0.0022 No 51 60 2 of 5 Math -0.2184 4 Lower 5 of 5 0.0215 Lower 38 6 5 of 5 All-Subject Average -0.1127 8 Lower 5 of 5 0.0145 Lower 45 17 5 of 5 High 9th Grade Literature 0.1206 86 No 2 of 4 0.1163 No 57 86 2 of 4 American Literature Algebra 1 -0.0239 48 No 1 of 1 -0.0239 No 54 68 1 of 1 Biology 0.0622 67 No 1 of 4 -0.0832 No Economics 0.3134 88 Higher 1 of 4 0.0499 No Geometry Physical Science 0.0823 70 No 3 of 4 0.0190 No U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Statesboro STEAM 208 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Statesboro STEAM College, Careers, Arts & Technology Academy's 2016/17 performance in middle school ELA improved from 2015/16 and is similar to its performance in 2014/15. For middle school Math, performance is consistently below the state and district in all three years. In high school grades, the school's performance improved in 9th Grade Literature from 2015/16, but most subjects for which performance results are available in 2016/17 do not have performance results in the prior year. Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry 0.0504 -0.1862 0.0088 0.0140 -0.0214 0.1496 No Lower No No No No 0.0013 0.0578 -0.0755 0.0134 0.0016 No Lower No No No -0.0884 Higher -0.2734 Lower -0.3284 Lower -0.1365 Lower -0.3291 Lower -0.2413 Lower -0.0062 No 0.0476 No -0.0106 No -0.0154 Lower 0.0077 Lower -0.0174 Lower -0.0754 Lower -0.0152 Lower -0.0326 No 0.0250 No 0.0974 No -0.0263 No -0.2184 Lower 0.0022 No 0.0215 Lower -0.1127 Lower 0.1206 No 0.0145 Lower 0.1163 No Statesboro STEAM 209 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Algebra 1 -0.0239 No -0.0239 No Biology -0.1071 No -0.0187 No 0.0622 No -0.0832 No Coordinate Algebra -0.0377 No 0.0710 No -0.1786 No -0.0236 No Economics 0.3134 Higher 0.0499 No Geometry Physical Science 0.0328 No 0.0239 No 0.0823 No 0.0190 No U.S. History -0.2119 No 0.0209 No Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Statesboro STEAM 210 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History 53 73 1 of 5 35 2 46 28 5 of 5 41 18 49 43 1 of 5 46 29 56 80 2 of 5 35 6 51 56 2 of 5 39 7 52 60 1 of 4 58 89 53 69 61 92 56 71 2 of 4 51 53 4 of 4 43 33 50 55 2 of 4 52 59 2 of 4 Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. 5 of 5 5 of 5 5 of 5 5 of 5 5 of 5 1 of 4 1 of 4 4 of 4 3 of 4 School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 51 60 2 of 5 38 6 5 of 5 45 17 5 of 5 57 86 2 of 4 54 68 1 of 1 Statesboro STEAM 211 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of School Impact Subject Area: All-Subject Middle Average State Charter: Statesboro STEAM Comparison District: Bulloch County Public Schools 212 Statesboro STEAM State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle ELA State Charter: Statesboro STEAM Comparison District: Bulloch County Public Schools Statesboro STEAM 213 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle Mathematics State Charter: Statesboro STEAM Comparison District: Bulloch County Public Schools Statesboro STEAM 214 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: 9th Grade Literature State Charter: Statesboro STEAM Comparison District: Bulloch County Public Schools Statesboro STEAM 215 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Algebra 1 State Charter: Statesboro STEAM Comparison District: Bulloch County Public Schools Statesboro STEAM 216 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Biology State Charter: Statesboro STEAM Comparison District: Bulloch County Public Schools Statesboro STEAM 217 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Economics State Charter: Statesboro STEAM Comparison District: Bulloch County Public Schools Statesboro STEAM 218 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Physical Science State Charter: Statesboro STEAM Comparison District: Bulloch County Public Schools Statesboro STEAM 219 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Utopian Academy for the Arts Key Findings The value-added estimate of the Utopian Academy for the Arts' impact on a student's average achievement across all subjects is -0.1052 in middle grades. Utopian Academy for the Arts' performance is below the state and district average in middle grades. Compared to 2015/16, performance is generally worse in middle school ELA and similar in middle school Math. When compared to 2014/15, the school did worse in both tested subjects. The school's contribution to student achievement is: o below the state and district average in middle school ELA and Math. General Characteristics School Name Utopian Academy for the Arts Calendar Year Opened EMO Affiliation 2014 No Grades 6-8 Curriculum Focus Expeditionary Learning Curriculum. Single-gender instructional approach, and classes in the dramatic, media, and culinary arts. School Year Extended Day/Week/ Year SingleGender School No Virtual/ Online School No Serves Multiple Districts No Parental Involvement Requirement Enrollment Restrictions Attendance of a New Parent Orientation Meeting & sign an agreement Students residing in Clayton County Public Schools Zone Students Served School Name Utopian Pct. Female 53.0 Pct. White 0.4 Pct. Black 93.6 Pct. Hispanic 4.1 Pct. Other Race 1.9 Pct. FRL 100.0 Pct. Direct Cert 43.9 Pct. LEP 0.0 Pct. SWD Pct. Gifted 9.4 0.0 Utopian Academy for the Arts 220 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Value-Added and SGP Results Summary by Grade Level and Subject Overall School Effect: -0.1052 Middle Overall District Average: 0.0451 Middle Utopian Academy for the Art's contribution to a middle student's average achievement across all subjects is below that of the average middle school in the state and district. It is important to note that averaging achievement scores across subjects masks any variation in school performance between subject areas. As a result, the table below also includes the school's effect on student achievement in each subject area. Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Elementary ELA Math All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Algebra 1 Biology Economics -0.0712 -0.1152 -0.1052 16 Lower 17 Lower 9 Lower 18 of 18 17 of 18 18 of 18 0.0752 0.0132 0.0451 Lower Lower Lower 42 6 18 of 18 40 9 18 of 18 41 5 18 of 18 Utopian Academy for the Arts 221 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) State Statistically District Rank District Percentile Different from (lower is Average (higher is State better) better) Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean State District Rank of Individual Percentile (lower is SGPs (higher is better) better) Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. Comparison of 2016/17, 2015/16, and 2014/15 Value-Added and SGP Summary Results Compared to 2015/16, 2016/17 performance is generally worse in middle school ELA and similar in middle school Math. When compared to 2014/15, the school did worse in 2016/17 in both tested subjects. Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Utopian Academy for the Arts 222 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Effect 2014/15 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? Value-Added (Controls for Student Demographics and Prior Test Scores) School Effect 2015/16 Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? School Effect 2016/17* Statistically District Different Average from State Average? Statistically Different from District Average? All-Subject Average Middle ELA -0.0229 No 0.0425 No 0.0716 Higher 0.0747 No -0.0712 Lower 0.0752 Lower Math 0.0785 Higher -0.0198 Higher -0.1141 Lower -0.0320 Lower -0.1152 Lower 0.0132 Lower Science -0.2309 Lower -0.0376 Lower 0.0790 Higher 0.0182 No Social Studies -0.1545 Lower 0.0043 Lower -0.0069 No 0.0327 No All-Subject Average -0.0826 Lower -0.0056 Lower 0.0078 No 0.0222 No -0.1052 Lower 0.0451 Lower High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry Physical Science U.S. History Note: Statistical significance is based on a 95 percent confidence level. The state average value-added effect is zero. The district average represents the simple average of the school effects of all schools in the relevant district or set of districts. Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. *For 2016/17 the school-level measure of "Direct Certification" employed in the value-added calculations differs from the measure employed in prior years. Direct Certification represents students who either live in a family unit receiving SNAP benefits, live in family unit receiving TANF benefits, are identified as homeless, are in foster care or are migrant. Due to data limitations, students in foster care were not included in the direct certification tally in 2016/17. Utopian Academy for the Arts 223 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject Elementary ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average Middle ELA Math Science Social Studies All-Subject Average High 9th Grade Literature American Literature Analytic Geometry Algebra 1 Biology Coordinate Algebra Economics Geometry School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) 52 64 8 of 18 49 47 13 of 18 42 61 93 1 of 18 39 12 17 of 18 40 34 4 18 of 18 51 61 5 of 18 47 33 17 of 18 49 45 12 of 18 48 38 9 of 18 47 33 14 of 18 41 6 18 of 18 9 18 of 18 5 18 of 18 Utopian Academy for the Arts 224 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Grade Level and Subject School Mean of Individual SGPs 2014/15 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Student Growth Percentiles (Controls only for Prior Test Scores) School Mean of Individual SGPs 2015/16 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Physical Science U.S. History Note: Schools with a statewide attendance zone are compared to the state average and, thus, have no comparison district. School Mean of Individual SGPs 2016/17 State Percentile (higher is better) District Rank (lower is better) Utopian Academy for the Arts 225 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Comparison of School Impact Subject Area: All-Subject Middle Average State Charter: Utopian Academy for the Arts Comparison District: Clayton County 226 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle ELA State Charter: Utopian Academy for the Arts Comparison District: Clayton County Utopian Academy for the Arts 227 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Subject Area: Middle Mathematics State Charter: Utopian Academy for the Arts Comparison District: Clayton County Utopian Academy for the Arts 228 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 IV. References Angrist, J. D., Pathak, P. A. & Walters, C R. (2013). "Explaining Charter School Effectiveness." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(4): 1-27. American Institutes for Research (2012). 2011-2012 Growth Model for Educator Evaluation Technical Report: Final. Available at http://www.engageny.org/sites/default/ files/resource/attachments/growth-model-11-12-air-technical-report.pdf Betebenner, D. (2009). "Norm- and criterion-referenced student growth." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 28: 42-51. Bifulco, R., & Ladd, H. F. (2006). "The impacts of charter schools on student achievement: Evidence from North Carolina." Education Finance and Policy, 1(1): 50-90. Booker, K., Gilpatric, S. M., Gronberg, T., & Jansen, D. (2007). "The impact of charter school attendance on student performance." Journal of Public Economics, 91(5): 849-876. Dee, T., & Wyckoff, J. (2015). "Incentives, Selection and Teacher Performance: Evidence from IMPACT." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 34(2): 267-297. Dobbie, W. & Fryer, R. G. (2011). "Are High-Quality Schools Enough to Increase Achievement Among the Poor? Evidence from the Harlem Children's Zone," American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 3(3): 158-187. Doran, H., Swanlund, A., & Lemke, M. (2012). Office of the State Superintendent of Education School-Level Model to Measure Student Achievement over Time: Technical Report. Available at http://seo.dc.gov/publication/school-level-model-measure-studentachievement-over-time-technical-report. Ehlert, M., C Koedel, E. Parsons & M. Podgursky (2016). "Selecting Growth Measures for Use in School Evaluation Systems: Should Proportionality Matter?" Educational Policy 30(3): 465-500. Georgia Department of Education (2010). Georgia Charter School Activity Each Year Since the First Charter School Law Passed in 1993. Available at http://www.gadoe.org/ExternalAffairs-and-Policy/Charter-Schools/Pages/default.aspx. Georgia Department of Education (2011). Chartering in Georgia 2011-2012: The Charter Schools Division Annual Report for 2011 2012. Available at http://www.gadoe.org/ExternalAffairs-and-Policy/Charter-Schools/Pages/Annual-Reports.aspx. Georgia Department of Education (2012). State Charter Schools Commission Briefing. Powerpoint presentation. Georgia Department of Education (2016a). 2015 and 2016 CCRPI Summary of Changes. Available at http://www.gadoe.org/Curriculum-Instruction-and- Assessment/Accountability/Documents/Indicators%20and%20Targets/SummaryofChan ges.pdf. Georgia Department of Education (2016b). Approved Charter Schools 2014-15. Available at https://www.gadoe.org/External-Affairs-and-Policy/Charter-Schools/Pages/ApprovedCharter-Schools.aspx. Georgia Department of Education (2016c). Georgia Milestones Statewide Scores. Available at http://www.gadoe.org/Curriculum-Instruction-and-Assessment/Assessment/Pages/ Georgia-Milestones-2015-2016-Statewide-Scores.aspx 229 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Georgia Department of Education (2016d). Student Enrollment by Grade Level (PK-12). Available https://oraapp.doe.k12.ga.us/ows-bin/owa/fte_pack_enrollgrade.entry_form Georgia Department of Education (2017). A Guide to the Georgia Student Growth Model. Available at http://www.gadoe.org/Curriculum-Instruction-and-Assessment/ Assessment/ Documents/GSGM/FY18/SGPGuide%2006052017.pdf Gleason, P., Clark, M., Tuttle, C. C., & Dwoyer, E. (2010). The evaluation of charter school impacts: Final report (No. NCEE 2010-4029). Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education. Goldhaber, D., Walch, J. & Gabele, B. (2013). "Does the Model Matter? Exploring the Relationship Between Different Student Achievement-Based Teacher Assessments." Statistics and Public Policy 1(1): 28-39. Guarino, C. M., Reckase, M. D. & Wooldridge, J. M. (2015). "Can Value-Added Measures of Teacher Performance be Trusted?" Education Finance and Policy 10: 117-156. Guarino, C., Stacy, B., and Wooldridge, J. (2016). "Alignment Study Comparing Two Models of School Effectiveness: the Georgia Department of Education's "Beating the Odds" Model and the State Charter Schools Commission's "Value-Added" Model." Report prepared for the State Charter Schools Commission of Georgia & The Georgia Department of Education's Charter Division. McCaffrey, D. F., Castellano, K. E. &Lockwood, J. R. (2014). "A Technical Evaluation of the Student Growth Component of the Georgia Teacher and Leader Evaluation System." Educational Testing Service. Hoxby, C. M., & Murarka, S. (2009). "Charter Schools in New York City: Who Enrolls and How They Affect Their Students' Achievement." NBER Working Paper 14852. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Hoxby, C. M., & Rockoff, J. E. (2004). "The impact of charter schools on student achievement." Harvard Institute of Economic Research Working Paper Series. Sass, T. (2006). "Charter Schools and Student Achievement in Florida." Education Finance and Policy 9(1): 91-122. Sass, T. R., Semykina, A. & Harris, D. N. (2014). "Value-Added Models and the Measurement of Teacher Productivity." Economics of Education Review 38: 9-23. Solmon, L., Paark, K., & Garcia, D. (2001). "Does charter school attendance improve test scores? The Arizona results." Phoenix, AZ: Goldwater Institute. Todd, P. E. & Wolpin, K. I. (2003). "On the Specification and Estimation of the Production Function for Cognitive Achievement," Economic Journal 113(485): F3-F33. Walsh, E. & Isenberg, E. (2015). "How Does a Value-Added Model Compare to Student Growth Model?" Statistics and Public Policy 2(1): 1-13. Whitehurst, G. J. & Chingos, M. M. (2011). "Class Size: What Research Says and What It Means for State Policy." Brown Center on Education Policy at Brookings. 230 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Appendix: Value Added Model Approach A. Value-Added Model Specification and Estimation Until the 2015/16 State Charter Schools Performance Report, a value-added model of the following form was used to estimate school effects or school "value-added": = -1 + 2 + + (1) where Aist represents the achievement level of student i in school s at time t, - is a vector of prior test scores, is a vector of student characteristics, is a school fixed effect, and is a random error term. One can view the school fixed effect as the difference between a student's actual test score () and the score a student would be expected to earn based on his/her individual characteristics and prior test scores (-1 + 2), averaged over all students at a school. By construction, the average school has a fixed effect of zero and the performance of all other schools is measured relative to this average. Thus, a positive estimated value for a school's fixed effect indicates that it increases student achievement more than the average school, while a negative value indicates it is less effective than the average school. The model is called a "onestep VAM" by Ehlert et al. (2016), as the estimates of the influences of student characteristics and schools on student test scores are simultaneously estimated. In 2016, the Governor's Office of Student Achievement (GOSA) and the State Charter Schools Commission (SCSC) sought feedback to strengthen the value-added methodology. One of the recommendations was the addition of school-level variables to control for the general school context rather than just individual-level student characteristics. In order to incorporate schoollevel student characteristics, the "two-step VAM" developed by Ehlert et al. (2016) was estimated for the 2016/17 school year. In the first stage of the two-step VAM, individual current-year student test scores are estimated as a function of individual-level prior-year test scores, individual student characteristics and school-level demographics (e.g. percent of students with disabilities or percent of students with limited English proficiency): = -1 + 2 + 3 + (2) where school-level student characteristics are represented by the vector Zst. In the one-step VAM without any school-level characteristics (equation (1)), the implicit assumption is that a student would be expected to perform the same in a school serving a majority of students from lowincome households as in a school serving a majority of students from relatively affluent families. Any deviations from expected performance are attributed to differences in school quality. In the two-step VAM, the expected performance of a student depends on both his/her own characteristics and the average characteristics of the student body in the school he/she attends. Because school indicators would be collinear with school-level characteristics, a second step is required to generate the school value-added estimates. The difference between the estimated performance (-1 + 2 + 3) and actual performance () of each student that is generated in the first stage, , is regressed on a set of school indicators in the second stage: = + (3) 231 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 The estimated effect for each school, , is the weighted average difference between actual and predicted scores from the first stage, where the weights are the number of students in each school. Because the first stage nets out the impact of school environment, the school value-added estimates generated in the second stage represent the performance of a school relative to other schools with similar-looking student bodies. At the request of GOSA, a comparison of the estimates from the two-step and one-step value-added models was conducted using data from the 2014/15 school year. After examining the impact analysis comparing the two methods, GOSA recommended and SCSC approved the use of the two-step approach with the inclusion of three school-level percentage variables in the first stage: the percent of Limited English Proficiency (LEP) students, Students with Disabilities (SWD), and economically disadvantaged (ED) students. For ED, the decision was made to use school-level direct certification instead of aggregating data from individual-level free/reduced-price lunch (FRL) status because of the recent expansion of the Community Eligibility Provision (CEP) of the National School Lunch Program, which allowed many schools to report 100 percent FRL even if their actual FRL percentage is well below that percentage. Direct certification includes students who are members of households receiving assistance under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, or who are identified as foster, migrant, or homeless. While direct certification identifies fewer economically disadvantaged students than free/reduced-price lunch because the poverty thresholds are lower, it compares all schools equally regardless of CEP participation. There was also discussion about whether the model should exclude individual-level FRL due to the same data limitations. Individual-level direct certification is not available due to limits in current data sharing agreements with the Department of Human Services. Thus, the decision was made to keep individual-level FRL in the model so that there would still be a control for individual-level student poverty. In future years, if individual-level direct certification becomes available, it will replace individual-level FRL in the model. Another concern that arose was the increasing incidence of students taking end-of-course (EOC) exams while in middle school. In 2015/16, a substantial number of middle school students took the Coordinate Algebra and Physical Science EOC. Overall, 27.3 percent of Physical Science exam takers and 10.1 percent of Coordinate Algebra exam takers were in middle grades.8 According to the Georgia Department of Education (GaDOE) website, middle school students taking EOC tests are exempted from taking end-of-grade (EOG) exams in math and science, "If enrolled in a mathematics and/or science EOC course, these middle school students will not take the corresponding content area end-of-grade (EOG) measure." (http://www.gadoe.org/ Curriculum-Instruction-and-Assessment/Assessment/Pages/GeorgiaMilestones-Assessment-System.aspx). The incidence of EOC test-taking and the GaDOE policy on exemptions from EOG exams creates potential biases at both the middle and high school level. If higher achieving students are more likely to take EOC exams in middle school, this would create a downward bias in the EOG testing pool in middle grades for math and science. Similarly, it would create a downward bias in the testing pool for EOC exams at the high school level. To address these concerns, a control for the percentage of middle school students in each school taking any math EOC test was added to the first stage of the two-step VAM when 8 The only other subject with non-trivial EOC exam taking in middle school is Ninth Grade Literature, with roughly 3 percent of students taking the exam in grades 7 or 8. However, there is no policy in place to exempt students who take the Ninth Grade Literature exam in middle school from taking end-of-grade exams. 232 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 estimating school effects for middle school math EOG scores. For each of the EOC exams at the high school level, the value-added model included a control for the percentage of students in the high school who ever took a relevant EOC while they were in middle school. For the purpose of constructing the EOC-in-middle-school variable, the high school for each student was determined by the school they attended the longest in the given academic year. The "relevant" exams are the same exam for all subjects except math, where the relevant exam is any math EOC due to changes in the math EOCs over the past few years. In addition to the inclusion of school-level controls, GOSA received suggestions to expand the set of individual-level student characteristics to better account for differences in performance that may arise in schools serving atypical student populations. After exploring the feasibility of various student-level measures, GOSA recommended and SCSC approved the inclusion of two new individual-level student controls in the first stage of the two-step model. One is an indicator for late enrollees, which are students whose first public school enrollment date in a school year is at least two weeks after the starting date for their school of longest enrollment. The other is an indicator for students who withdrew from school in the past under certain circumstances, i.e., who withdrew under one of the following exit codes: expelled, financial hardship/job, incarcerated, removed for lack of attendance, serious illness, pregnancy, court/legal, transferred to Department of Juvenile Justice, or Unsafe School Choice Option.9 The other significant difference from years before 2015/16 was a change in the way in which students were assigned to particular schools when estimating the value-added model. Prior to 2015/16, enrollment records were employed to determine the school of longest enrollment for each student and, then if the length of enrollment at that school met the full-academic-year (FAY) standard for Georgia's College and Career Readiness Performance Index (CCRPI), the student was assigned to that school for the purpose of calculating school value-added. In a relatively small number of cases, these assignments were not the same as the assignments that resulted from GaDOE's internal calculations for CCRPI. To avoid any inconsistencies, the school assignments, as determined by GaDOE in its student growth percentile calculations, were used to assign students for the purposes of calculating school value-added. It should be noted that these school assignments are course-specific at the high school level; in rare circumstances, a student could be assigned to one school for a particular EOC exam and be assigned to another school for a different EOC exam. Given these substantial changes to the value-added methodology for 2015/16, revised estimates for years 2014/15 and 2013/14 were produced using the new methodology and included in the 2015/16 report. In this year's report we continue to use the same two-step method instituted in 2015/16. For the year-to-year comparisons in this year's report, we reproduce the estimates provided in the 2015/16 report for years 2014/15 and 2015/16. Thus, the current-year results and the two years of prior estimates are all derived from the same twostep value-added modeling approach.10 9 The analysis dataset includes enrollment information for 2010/11 and later school years. Therefore, in 2016/17 and 2015/16 the measure of prior withdrawals for specified reasons covers the five previous school years. For 2014/15 only four prior years are included. 10 There are some minor differences in the model specifications employed in 2014/15 2016/17 due to data availability issues. Official subject-specific FAY designations are only available for 2015/16 and later; for 2014/15 enrollment is calculated for each school attended and if enrollment at the school attended the longest exceeds the 65% FAY standard, a student is assigned to that school for the purpose of 233 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Three versions of the value-added model were estimated. The first employed all available student characteristics in the vector X. Estimates from this model are presented in the main section of the report. The second removed indicators for student racial/ethnicity categories. The third eliminated the X vector entirely and only included the vector of prior test scores. Parameter estimates from each of the three value-added model specifications are provided in the following section. There are two things worth noting in the value-added model estimates. First, virtually all of the coefficients on the demographic characteristics have the expected sign. Second, the majority of the coefficients on the demographic variables are statistically significant, indicating they have a non-zero impact on current test scores, even after controlling for prior test scores. calculating school value-added. As noted above, for the 2016/17 school year data on foster care were delayed so the school-level direct certification percentage used in the 2016/17 value-added models excludes students in foster care who do not meet any of the other criteria for direct certification. 234 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 B. Value-Added Model Estimates Elementary All-Subjects Value-Added Estimates (1) All Controls Lagged ELA Score Lagged Math Score Grade 4 Free/Reduced-Price Lunch Female Foreign Born Black Hispanic Asian American Indian Multi-Racial ESOL Enrolled Gifted Prim. Lang. Not English Orthopedic Impairment Speech-Language Imp. Deaf Visual Impairment Emotional/Behav. Dis. Specific Learning Dis. Autism Traumatic Brain Injury 0.3631*** (0.0014) 0.4144*** (0.0014) 0.0080*** (0.0017) -0.0566*** (0.0023) 0.0154*** (0.0017) 0.0497*** (0.0060) -0.0576*** (0.0022) -0.0146*** (0.0035) 0.0923*** (0.0048) 0.0315 (0.0194) -0.0120** (0.0046) -0.0806*** (0.0046) 0.2231*** (0.0028) 0.0424*** (0.0044) -0.1561*** (0.0390) -0.0192*** (0.0058) -0.2021*** (0.0269) -0.0863* (0.0399) -0.1718*** (0.0104) -0.1687*** (0.0037) -0.2004*** (0.0089) -0.1973** (2) No Race/Ethnicity 0.3639*** (0.0014) 0.4213*** (0.0014) 0.0075*** (0.0017) -0.0671*** (0.0023) 0.0153*** (0.0017) 0.0668*** (0.0058) -0.0770*** (0.0045) 0.2261*** (0.0028) 0.0627*** (0.0040) -0.1548*** (0.0391) -0.0165** (0.0058) -0.1997*** (0.0270) -0.0837* (0.0400) -0.1670*** (0.0104) -0.1662*** (0.0037) -0.1948*** (0.0089) -0.1883** (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.4218*** (0.0013) 0.4740*** (0.0013) 235 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 (0.0698) Significant Dev. Delay -0.1946*** (0.0418) Other Health Imp. -0.1801*** (0.0055) Mild Intellectual Dis. -0.2985*** (0.0131) Mod. Intellectual Dis. -0.2285* (0.0959) Sev. Intellectual Dis. -0.7507 (0.4068) Prof. Intellectual Dis. 0.4846 (0.4069) Num. Schools Attended -0.0218*** (0.0049) Changed Schools -0.0178*** (0.0025) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0038*** (0.0002) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0068*** (0.0010) Lagged Pct. Present 0.0015*** (0.0003) Late Entry -0.0430** (0.0140) Prior Negative Exit -0.0113 (0.0151) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0019*** (0.0001) School Pct. LEP 0.0005*** (0.0001) School Pct. SWD 0.0018*** (0.0002) Constant -0.0591* (0.0266) R-Squared 0.8118 N 242861 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (0.0700) -0.1923*** (0.0419) -0.1742*** (0.0055) -0.2955*** (0.0132) -0.2195* (0.0962) -0.7510 (0.4078) 0.5329 (0.4079) -0.0208*** (0.0049) -0.0214*** (0.0025) -0.0036*** (0.0002) -0.0085*** (0.0010) 0.0006* (0.0003) -0.0450** (0.0140) -0.0144 (0.0152) -0.0023*** (0.0001) 0.0005*** (0.0001) 0.0026*** (0.0002) 0.0182 (0.0265) 0.8109 242861 0.0013 (0.0009) 0.7987 243781 236 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Elementary English Language Arts Value-Added Estimates (1) (2) All Controls No Race/Ethnicity Lagged ELA Score 0.5623*** 0.5630*** (0.0018) (0.0018) Lagged Math Score 0.2123*** 0.2158*** (0.0018) (0.0017) Grade 4 0.0071*** 0.0066** (0.0021) (0.0021) Free/Reduced- Price -0.0575*** -0.0634*** Lunch (0.0029) (0.0029) Female 0.0962*** 0.0960*** (0.0022) (0.0022) Foreign Born 0.0437*** 0.0429*** (0.0078) (0.0076) Black -0.0395*** (0.0028) Hispanic -0.0052 (0.0044) Asian 0.0184** (0.0060) American Indian 0.0246 (0.0244) Multi-Racial 0.0011 (0.0057) ESOL Enrolled -0.0998*** -0.0931*** (0.0058) (0.0057) Gifted 0.2040*** 0.2051*** (0.0035) (0.0035) Prim. Lang. Not English 0.0282*** 0.0376*** (0.0056) (0.0051) Orthopedic -0.1721*** -0.1714*** Impairment (0.0490) (0.0490) Speech-Language Imp. -0.0431*** -0.0414*** (0.0073) (0.0073) Deaf -0.2556*** -0.2543*** (0.0341) (0.0342) Visual Impairment -0.0385 -0.0378 (0.0502) (0.0502) Emotional/Behav. Dis. -0.1739*** -0.1710*** (0.0130) (0.0130) Specific Learning Dis. -0.2032*** -0.2018*** (0.0046) (0.0046) Autism -0.2364*** -0.2336*** (0.0111) (0.0112) Traumatic Brain Injury -0.2659** -0.2621** (0.0873) (0.0874) Significant Dev. Delay -0.2160*** -0.2143*** (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.6412*** (0.0017) 0.2545*** (0.0017) 237 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 (0.0525) Other Health Imp. -0.2012*** (0.0069) Mild Intellectual Dis. -0.4185*** (0.0165) Mod. Intellectual Dis. -0.4124*** (0.1200) Sev. Intellectual Dis. -0.8355 (0.5090) Prof. Intellectual Dis. 0.5320 (0.5090) Num. Schools Attended -0.0229*** (0.0061) Changed Schools -0.0154*** (0.0031) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0033*** (0.0002) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0093*** (0.0012) Lagged Pct. Present -0.0017*** (0.0003) Late Entry -0.0336 (0.0175) Prior Negative Exit -0.0217 (0.0190) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0025*** (0.0001) School Pct. LEP 0.0004*** (0.0001) School Pct. SWD 0.0008** (0.0003) Constant 0.2524*** (0.0335) R-Squared 0.7379 N 241754 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (0.0526) -0.1977*** (0.0069) -0.4185*** (0.0165) -0.4074*** (0.1201) -0.8325 (0.5092) 0.5630 (0.5092) -0.0234*** (0.0061) -0.0177*** (0.0031) -0.0032*** (0.0002) -0.0106*** (0.0012) -0.0024*** (0.0003) -0.0359* (0.0176) -0.0252 (0.0190) -0.0027*** (0.0001) 0.0004*** (0.0001) 0.0015*** (0.0003) 0.3076*** (0.0333) 0.7376 241754 -0.0004 (0.0011) 0.7239 242663 238 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Elementary Math Value-Added Estimates (1) All Controls Lagged ELA Score Lagged Math Score Grade 4 Free/Reduced-Price Lunch Female Foreign Born Black Hispanic Asian American Indian Multi-Racial ESOL Enrolled Gifted Prim. Lang. Not English Orthopedic Impairment Speech-Language Imp. Deaf Visual Impairment Emotional/Behav. Dis. Specific Learning Dis. Autism Traumatic Brain Injury 0.1630*** (0.0017) 0.6166*** (0.0017) 0.0084*** (0.0021) -0.0564*** (0.0029) -0.0654*** (0.0021) 0.0693*** (0.0073) -0.0761*** (0.0027) -0.0237*** (0.0044) 0.1693*** (0.0059) 0.0427 (0.0239) -0.0251*** (0.0056) -0.0560*** (0.0057) 0.2425*** (0.0035) 0.0531*** (0.0055) -0.1339** (0.0484) 0.0041 (0.0071) -0.1310*** (0.0332) -0.1266** (0.0491) -0.1681*** (0.0128) -0.1351*** (0.0045) -0.1663*** (0.0110) -0.1307 (0.0859) (2) No Race/Ethnicity 0.1638*** (0.0017) 0.6272*** (0.0017) 0.0079*** (0.0021) -0.0718*** (0.0028) -0.0654*** (0.0021) 0.1044*** (0.0071) (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.2014*** (0.0016) 0.6944*** (0.0016) -0.0556*** (0.0056) 0.2475*** (0.0035) 0.0850*** (0.0050) -0.1322** (0.0486) 0.0078 (0.0072) -0.1273*** (0.0333) -0.1223* (0.0493) -0.1616*** (0.0129) -0.1316*** (0.0045) -0.1577*** (0.0110) -0.1164 (0.0862) 239 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Significant Dev. Delay -0.1734*** (0.0517) Other Health Imp. -0.1597*** (0.0068) Mild Intellectual Dis. -0.1789*** (0.0162) Mod. Intellectual Dis. -0.0469 (0.1180) Sev. Intellectual Dis. -0.6696 (0.5006) Prof. Intellectual Dis. 0.4361 (0.5006) Num. Schools Attended -0.0209*** (0.0060) Changed Schools -0.0202*** (0.0030) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0042*** (0.0002) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0043*** (0.0012) Lagged Pct. Present 0.0048*** (0.0003) Late Entry -0.0548** (0.0172) Prior Negative Exit -0.0058 (0.0187) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0014*** (0.0001) School Pct. LEP 0.0007*** (0.0001) School Pct. SWD 0.0028*** (0.0003) Constant -0.3762*** (0.0329) R-Squared 0.7485 N 242580 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 -0.1696** (0.0519) -0.1513*** (0.0068) -0.1729*** (0.0163) -0.0338 (0.1185) -0.6732 (0.5025) 0.5020 (0.5026) -0.0183** (0.0060) -0.0253*** (0.0031) -0.0039*** (0.0002) -0.0063*** (0.0012) 0.0036*** (0.0003) -0.0562** (0.0173) -0.0088 (0.0187) -0.0019*** (0.0001) 0.0007*** (0.0001) 0.0038*** (0.0003) -0.2748*** (0.0328) 0.7465 242580 0.0032** (0.0010) 0.7343 243491 240 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Middle School All-Subjects Value-Added Estimates (1) (2) All Controls No Race/Ethnicity Lagged ELA Score 0.3821*** 0.3825*** (0.0012) (0.0012) Lagged Math Score 0.3978*** 0.4056*** (0.0012) (0.0012) Grade 7 -0.0123*** -0.0137*** (0.0026) (0.0026) Grade 8 0.0572*** 0.0553*** (0.0027) (0.0027) Free/Reduced-Price -0.0452*** -0.0560*** Lunch (0.0019) (0.0018) Female 0.0407*** 0.0399*** (0.0015) (0.0015) Foreign Born 0.0395*** 0.0480*** (0.0045) (0.0044) Black -0.0598*** (0.0019) Hispanic -0.0247*** (0.0029) Asian 0.0631*** (0.0039) American Indian 0.0159 (0.0164) Multi-Racial -0.0160*** (0.0040) ESOL Enrolled -0.0739*** -0.0714*** (0.0042) (0.0041) Gifted 0.2061*** 0.2079*** (0.0023) (0.0023) Prim. Lang. Not English 0.0058 0.0206*** (0.0032) (0.0026) Orthopedic -0.1079** -0.1001* Impairment (0.0397) (0.0398) Speech-Language Imp. -0.0254** -0.0241** (0.0081) (0.0081) Deaf -0.1390*** -0.1406*** (0.0230) (0.0231) Visual Impairment -0.0262 -0.0219 (0.0328) (0.0328) Emotional/Behav. Dis. -0.1269*** -0.1206*** (0.0083) (0.0083) Specific Learning Dis. -0.1383*** -0.1357*** (0.0031) (0.0031) Deaf and Blind 0.1043 0.1386 (0.4145) (0.4154) Autism -0.0925*** -0.0852*** (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.4424*** (0.0011) 0.4611*** (0.0011) 241 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 (0.0077) Traumatic Brain Injury -0.1936*** (0.0564) Other Health Imp. -0.1523*** (0.0047) Mild Intellectual Dis. -0.2163*** (0.0113) Mod. Intellectual Dis. -0.2412** (0.0846) Sev. Intellectual Dis. 0.4736 (0.4145) Num. Schools Attended -0.0479*** (0.0041) Changed Schools -0.0123*** (0.0025) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0049*** (0.0001) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0121*** (0.0005) Lagged Pct. Present 0.0026*** (0.0002) Late Entry -0.0341** (0.0111) Prior Negative Exit -0.0118 (0.0124) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0023*** (0.0001) School Pct. LEP -0.0001 (0.0001) School Pct. SWD 0.0001 (0.0002) School Pct. students -0.0017*** taking EOCT Math in middle school (0.0002) School Pct. students 0.0009*** taking EOCT Physical Science in middle school (0.0001) Constant -0.0855*** (0.0212) R-Squared 0.8085 N 349836 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (0.0077) -0.1866*** (0.0565) -0.1446*** (0.0047) -0.2149*** (0.0113) -0.2450** (0.0848) 0.4755 (0.4154) -0.0496*** (0.0042) -0.0144*** (0.0025) -0.0046*** (0.0001) -0.0137*** (0.0005) 0.0016*** (0.0002) -0.0392*** (0.0111) -0.0166 (0.0125) -0.0028*** (0.0001) -0.0002 (0.0001) 0.0003 (0.0002) -0.0023*** (0.0002) 0.0010*** (0.0001) 0.0117 (0.0210) 0.8077 349836 0.0344*** (0.0007) 0.7952 351179 242 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Middle School English Language Arts Value-Added Estimates (1) (2) All Controls No Race/Ethnicity Lagged ELA Score 0.5592*** 0.5594*** (0.0015) (0.0015) Lagged Math Score 0.2162*** 0.2200*** (0.0015) (0.0014) Grade 6 0.0289*** 0.0300*** (0.0033) (0.0033) Grade 7 0.0118*** 0.0120*** (0.0021) (0.0021) Free/Reduced-Price -0.0505*** -0.0548*** Lunch (0.0023) (0.0022) Female 0.1184*** 0.1181*** (0.0018) (0.0018) Foreign Born 0.0494*** 0.0533*** (0.0055) (0.0054) Black -0.0262*** (0.0022) Hispanic -0.0054 (0.0035) Asian 0.0377*** (0.0047) American Indian 0.0283 (0.0198) Multi-Racial 0.0135** (0.0048) ESOL Enrolled -0.1108*** -0.1091*** (0.0051) (0.0051) Gifted 0.1989*** 0.1997*** (0.0028) (0.0028) Prim. Lang. Not English -0.0129*** -0.0032 (0.0038) (0.0031) Orthopedic -0.1264** -0.1230* Impairment (0.0480) (0.0480) Speech-Language Imp. -0.0481*** -0.0474*** (0.0097) (0.0097) Deaf -0.2483*** -0.2491*** (0.0278) (0.0278) Visual Impairment -0.0054 -0.0040 (0.0397) (0.0397) Emotional/Behav. Dis. -0.1445*** -0.1415*** (0.0100) (0.0100) Specific Learning Dis. -0.1747*** -0.1738*** (0.0037) (0.0037) Deaf and Blind 0.3269 0.3410 (0.4987) (0.4989) Autism -0.1309*** -0.1278*** (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.6382*** (0.0014) 0.2616*** (0.0014) 243 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 (0.0092) Traumatic Brain Injury -0.1768* (0.0692) Other Health Imp. -0.1710*** (0.0057) Mild Intellectual Dis. -0.3314*** (0.0136) Mod. Intellectual Dis. -0.4554*** (0.1018) Sev. Intellectual Dis. 0.8423 (0.4987) Num. Schools Attended -0.0411*** (0.0050) Changed Schools -0.0146*** (0.0030) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0044*** (0.0002) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0142*** (0.0006) Lagged Pct. Present -0.0001 (0.0003) Late Entry -0.0089 (0.0134) Prior Negative Exit 0.0018 (0.0151) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0023*** (0.0001) School Pct. LEP -0.0001 (0.0001) School Pct. SWD 0.0010*** (0.0002) Constant 0.0900*** (0.0254) R-Squared 0.7461 N 348320 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (0.0092) -0.1742* (0.0692) -0.1677*** (0.0057) -0.3309*** (0.0136) -0.4570*** (0.1019) 0.8429 (0.4989) -0.0418*** (0.0050) -0.0158*** (0.0030) -0.0042*** (0.0002) -0.0150*** (0.0006) -0.0006* (0.0002) -0.0109 (0.0134) -0.0001 (0.0151) -0.0025*** (0.0001) -0.0000 (0.0001) 0.0011*** (0.0002) 0.1326*** (0.0251) 0.7459 348320 0.0059*** (0.0009) 0.7325 349649 244 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Middle School Math Value-Added Estimates (1) All Controls Lagged ELA Score Lagged Math Score Grade 6 Grade 7 Free/Reduced-Price Lunch Female Foreign Born Black Hispanic Asian American Indian Multi-Racial ESOL Enrolled Gifted Prim. Lang. Not English Orthopedic Impairment Speech-Language Imp. Deaf Visual Impairment Emotional/Behav. Dis. Specific Learning Dis. Deaf and Blind Autism 0.1789*** (0.0015) 0.6284*** (0.0016) -0.2011*** (0.0034) -0.2158*** (0.0022) -0.0430*** (0.0024) -0.0534*** (0.0018) 0.0449*** (0.0057) -0.0940*** (0.0024) -0.0447*** (0.0036) 0.1313*** (0.0052) 0.0108 (0.0207) -0.0451*** (0.0051) -0.0249*** (0.0052) 0.2453*** (0.0030) 0.0328*** (0.0041) -0.0999* (0.0502) -0.0008 (0.0100) -0.0382 (0.0281) -0.0342 (0.0413) -0.1037*** (0.0102) -0.1002*** (0.0038) -0.1193 (0.5044) -0.0552*** (2) No Race/Ethnicity 0.1793*** (0.0015) 0.6419*** (0.0015) -0.1979*** (0.0034) -0.2149*** (0.0022) -0.0611*** (0.0023) -0.0546*** (0.0018) 0.0662*** (0.0056) -0.0219*** (0.0052) 0.2483*** (0.0030) 0.0548*** (0.0034) -0.0863 (0.0504) 0.0018 (0.0100) -0.0410 (0.0283) -0.0261 (0.0415) -0.0935*** (0.0102) -0.0960*** (0.0038) -0.0644 (0.5064) -0.0428*** (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.2179*** (0.0015) 0.7046*** (0.0015) 245 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 (0.0095) Traumatic Brain Injury -0.2088** (0.0707) Other Health Imp. -0.1300*** (0.0057) Mild Intellectual Dis. -0.0927*** (0.0138) Mod. Intellectual Dis. -0.0212 (0.1030) Sev. Intellectual Dis. 0.1131 (0.5044) Num. Schools Attended -0.0474*** (0.0051) Changed Schools -0.0192*** (0.0031) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0053*** (0.0002) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0108*** (0.0007) Lagged Pct. Present 0.0055*** (0.0003) Late Entry -0.0535*** (0.0136) Prior Negative Exit -0.0342* (0.0156) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0022*** (0.0001) School Pct. LEP 0.0002 (0.0001) School Pct. SWD -0.0004 (0.0003) School Pct. students 0.0008*** taking EOCT Math in middle school (0.0002) Constant -0.1271*** (0.0262) R-Squared 0.7445 N 327215 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 (0.0095) -0.1957** (0.0709) -0.1175*** (0.0058) -0.0890*** (0.0138) -0.0243 (0.1034) 0.1175 (0.5064) -0.0501*** (0.0051) -0.0226*** (0.0031) -0.0049*** (0.0002) -0.0134*** (0.0007) 0.0039*** (0.0003) -0.0615*** (0.0137) -0.0416** (0.0157) -0.0030*** (0.0001) 0.0001 (0.0001) 0.0000 (0.0003) 0.0001 (0.0002) 0.0227 (0.0260) 0.7424 327215 0.0724*** (0.0009) 0.7206 328518 246 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 High School 9th Grade Literature Value-Added Estimates (1) (2) All Controls No Race/Ethnicity Grade 8 Math Score 0.0318*** 0.0325*** (0.0091) (0.0091) Grade 8 ELA Score 0.4064*** 0.4066*** (0.0092) (0.0092) Grade 8 Reading Score 0.1485*** 0.1488*** (0.0348) (0.0348) Grade 8 Science Score 0.0334*** 0.0335*** (0.0092) (0.0092) Grade 8 Soc. Stud. 0.1249*** 0.1249*** Score (0.0091) (0.0091) Free/Reduced-Price -0.0707*** -0.0712*** Lunch (0.0038) (0.0037) Female 0.1567*** 0.1566*** (0.0031) (0.0031) Foreign Born 0.0208* 0.0253** (0.0092) (0.0090) Black -0.0020 (0.0039) Hispanic 0.0060 (0.0061) Asian 0.0505*** (0.0085) American Indian 0.0300 (0.0329) Multi-Racial 0.0062 (0.0086) ESOL Enrolled -0.1330*** -0.1333*** (0.0103) (0.0102) Gifted 0.1470*** 0.1486*** (0.0050) (0.0049) Prim. Lang. Not English 0.0104 0.0205*** (0.0069) (0.0056) Orthopedic -0.0980 -0.0976 Impairment (0.0815) (0.0815) Speech-Language Imp. -0.1050*** -0.1046*** (0.0261) (0.0261) Deaf -0.2492*** -0.2486*** (0.0482) (0.0482) Visual Impairment -0.1286 -0.1270 (0.0733) (0.0733) Emotional/Behav. Dis. -0.2132*** -0.2123*** (0.0162) (0.0162) Specific Learning Dis. -0.2197*** -0.2196*** (0.0065) (0.0065) (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.0642*** (0.0093) 0.5020*** (0.0094) 0.1869*** (0.0357) 0.0083 (0.0095) 0.1149*** (0.0094) 247 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Autism -0.1999*** (0.0169) Traumatic Brain Injury -0.3912*** (0.1005) Other Health Imp. -0.2347*** (0.0101) Mild Intellectual Dis. -0.4836*** (0.0241) Mod. Intellectual Dis. -0.3923 (0.2512) Num. Schools Attended -0.0505*** (0.0070) Changed Schools -0.0067 (0.0062) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0059*** (0.0003) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0192*** (0.0010) Lagged Pct. Present 0.0025*** (0.0004) Late Entry -0.0251 (0.0191) Prior Negative Exit 0.0005 (0.0163) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0024*** (0.0001) School Pct. LEP -0.0005 (0.0003) School Pct. SWD -0.0029*** (0.0005) School Pct. students -0.3259*** taking EOCT 9th Grade Lit. exam in middle school (0.0330) Constant -0.1007** (0.0373) R-Squared 0.7289 N 116107 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 -0.1993*** (0.0169) -0.3916*** (0.1005) -0.2343*** (0.0101) -0.4827*** (0.0241) -0.3936 (0.2512) -0.0504*** (0.0070) -0.0070 (0.0062) -0.0059*** (0.0003) -0.0192*** (0.0010) 0.0025*** (0.0004) -0.0247 (0.0191) 0.0007 (0.0163) -0.0025*** (0.0001) -0.0004 (0.0003) -0.0030*** (0.0005) -0.3322*** (0.0329) -0.1005** (0.0368) 0.7288 116107 0.0142*** (0.0016) 0.7082 116694 248 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 High School American Literature Value-Added Estimates (1) (2) All Controls No Race/Ethnicity Grade 8 Math Score 0.0734*** 0.0762*** (0.0030) (0.0030) Grade 8 ELA Score 0.2340*** 0.2337*** (0.0032) (0.0032) Grade 8 Reading Score 0.1684*** 0.1684*** (0.0030) (0.0030) Grade 8 Science Score 0.1081*** 0.1121*** (0.0034) (0.0034) Grade 8 Soc. Stud. 0.1576*** 0.1584*** Score (0.0031) (0.0031) Free/Reduced-Price -0.0655*** -0.0755*** Lunch (0.0042) (0.0041) Female 0.1203*** 0.1197*** (0.0035) (0.0035) Foreign Born 0.0678*** 0.0665*** (0.0100) (0.0099) Black -0.0580*** (0.0044) Hispanic -0.0185** (0.0070) Asian 0.0378*** (0.0097) American Indian 0.0422 (0.0404) Multi-Racial -0.0140 (0.0101) ESOL Enrolled -0.0483*** -0.0403** (0.0136) (0.0135) Gifted 0.2129*** 0.2145*** (0.0056) (0.0056) Prim. Lang. Not English -0.0614*** -0.0468*** (0.0082) (0.0068) Orthopedic -0.1783* -0.1809* Impairment (0.0764) (0.0765) Speech-Language Imp. -0.0608 -0.0628 (0.0411) (0.0411) Deaf -0.1997*** -0.1957*** (0.0555) (0.0556) Visual Impairment -0.1507 -0.1543 (0.0867) (0.0868) Emotional/Behav. Dis. -0.1607*** -0.1541*** (0.0204) (0.0204) Specific Learning Dis. -0.2291*** -0.2268*** (0.0082) (0.0082) (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.1337*** (0.0030) 0.2958*** (0.0033) 0.1998*** (0.0031) 0.1133*** (0.0035) 0.1761*** (0.0032) 249 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Deaf and Blind -0.2408 (0.5346) Autism -0.2082*** (0.0217) Traumatic Brain Injury -0.1480 (0.1227) Other Health Imp. -0.2394*** (0.0125) Mild Intellectual Dis. -0.4556*** (0.0293) Mod. Intellectual Dis. -1.3205* (0.5345) Num. Schools Attended -0.0738*** (0.0093) Changed Schools 0.0095 (0.0072) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0099*** (0.0003) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0295*** (0.0012) Lagged Pct. Present 0.0054*** (0.0004) Late Entry 0.0272 (0.0219) Prior Negative Exit -0.0107 (0.0174) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0040*** (0.0002) School Pct. LEP 0.0003 (0.0004) School Pct. SWD -0.0061*** (0.0006) School Pct. students 35.9269 taking American Lit. EOCT exam middle school (18.7777) Constant -0.2898*** (0.0381) R-Squared 0.7034 N 104107 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 -0.1898 (0.5351) -0.2006*** (0.0217) -0.1320 (0.1228) -0.2330*** (0.0125) -0.4551*** (0.0294) -1.3032* (0.5350) -0.0762*** (0.0093) 0.0051 (0.0072) -0.0098*** (0.0003) -0.0314*** (0.0012) 0.0048*** (0.0004) 0.0233 (0.0219) -0.0154 (0.0174) -0.0045*** (0.0001) 0.0002 (0.0004) -0.0056*** (0.0006) 40.7573* (18.7870) -0.2397*** (0.0380) 0.7028 104107 -0.0256*** (0.0017) 0.6732 104429 250 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 High School Algebra 1 Value-Added Estimates (1) All Controls Grade 8 Math Score Grade 8 ELA Score Grade 8 Reading Score Grade 8 Science Score Grade 8 Soc. Stud. Score Free/Reduced-Price Lunch Female Foreign Born Black Hispanic Asian American Indian Multi-Racial ESOL Enrolled Gifted Prim. Lang. Not English Orthopedic Impairment Speech-Language Imp. Deaf Visual Impairment Emotional/Behav. Dis. Specific Learning Dis. 0.4124*** (0.0080) 0.0855*** (0.0082) 0.0279 (0.0297) 0.1071*** (0.0082) 0.0492*** (0.0081) -0.0534*** (0.0043) 0.0535*** (0.0036) 0.0809*** (0.0104) 0.0259*** (0.0045) 0.0169* (0.0069) 0.2636*** (0.0114) 0.0540 (0.0376) -0.0004 (0.0099) 0.0370*** (0.0111) 0.2289*** (0.0065) -0.0211** (0.0081) -0.1132 (0.0849) 0.0294 (0.0289) 0.0194 (0.0520) -0.1139 (0.0801) -0.0809*** (0.0181) -0.0864*** (0.0071) (2) No Race/Ethnicity 0.4159*** (0.0080) 0.0845*** (0.0082) 0.0296 (0.0298) 0.1046*** (0.0082) 0.0481*** (0.0081) -0.0521*** (0.0043) 0.0538*** (0.0036) 0.1057*** (0.0102) 0.0330** (0.0111) 0.2294*** (0.0066) 0.0011 (0.0067) -0.1207 (0.0852) 0.0342 (0.0290) 0.0209 (0.0522) -0.1055 (0.0804) -0.0813*** (0.0182) -0.0878*** (0.0071) (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.4614*** (0.0082) 0.1345*** (0.0083) 0.0285 (0.0305) 0.0954*** (0.0084) 0.0578*** (0.0083) 251 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Autism -0.0381* (0.0188) Traumatic Brain Injury -0.0521 (0.0956) Other Health Imp. -0.1073*** (0.0108) Mild Intellectual Dis. -0.0899** (0.0283) Mod. Intellectual Dis. 0.2932 (0.4872) Num. Schools Attended -0.0488*** (0.0079) Changed Schools -0.0676*** (0.0053) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0028*** (0.0003) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0075*** (0.0011) Lagged Pct. Present 0.0039*** (0.0004) Late Entry 0.0104 (0.0205) Prior Negative Exit -0.0078 (0.0187) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0038*** (0.0002) School Pct. LEP -0.0016** (0.0005) School Pct. SWD -0.0021** (0.0007) School Pct. students 0.4814*** taking EOCT Math in middle school (0.0222) Constant -0.3708*** (0.0420) R-Squared 0.6771 N 83625 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 -0.0370 (0.0189) -0.0552 (0.0959) -0.1088*** (0.0108) -0.0871** (0.0284) 0.3044 (0.4889) -0.0460*** (0.0080) -0.0671*** (0.0053) -0.0029*** (0.0003) -0.0067*** (0.0011) 0.0046*** (0.0004) 0.0152 (0.0205) -0.0044 (0.0187) -0.0035*** (0.0002) -0.0019*** (0.0005) -0.0026*** (0.0007) 0.5362*** (0.0219) -0.4313*** (0.0415) 0.6748 83625 -0.1476*** (0.0018) 0.6532 84045 252 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 High School Biology Value-Added Estimates (1) All Controls Grade 8 Math Score Grade 8 ELA Score Grade 8 Reading Score Grade 8 Science Score Grade 8 Soc. Stud. Score Free/Reduced-Price Lunch Female Foreign Born Black Hispanic Asian American Indian Multi-Racial ESOL Enrolled Gifted Prim. Lang. Not English Orthopedic Impairment Speech-Language Imp. Deaf Visual Impairment Emotional/Behav. Dis. Specific Learning Dis. 0.1257*** (0.0039) 0.1672*** (0.0041) 0.1126*** (0.0102) 0.2096*** (0.0042) 0.1824*** (0.0039) -0.0469*** (0.0040) -0.1034*** (0.0033) 0.0695*** (0.0094) -0.0648*** (0.0042) -0.0503*** (0.0064) 0.1184*** (0.0090) -0.0098 (0.0346) -0.0107 (0.0092) -0.0025 (0.0108) 0.2336*** (0.0051) -0.0379*** (0.0073) -0.0383 (0.0879) -0.0226 (0.0314) -0.0015 (0.0505) -0.0133 (0.0724) 0.0162 (0.0177) -0.0642*** (0.0071) (2) No Race/Ethnicity 0.1312*** (0.0039) 0.1667*** (0.0041) 0.1137*** (0.0102) 0.2137*** (0.0042) 0.1826*** (0.0039) -0.0611*** (0.0039) -0.1042*** (0.0033) 0.0876*** (0.0092) 0.0001 (0.0108) 0.2395*** (0.0051) -0.0332*** (0.0059) -0.0300 (0.0881) -0.0244 (0.0315) 0.0037 (0.0507) -0.0053 (0.0726) 0.0253 (0.0178) -0.0625*** (0.0072) (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.1688*** (0.0039) 0.1761*** (0.0040) 0.1071*** (0.0104) 0.2405*** (0.0042) 0.2112*** (0.0039) 253 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Deaf and Blind 0.3679 (0.5272) Autism 0.1158*** (0.0185) Traumatic Brain Injury -0.0859 (0.1015) Other Health Imp. -0.0574*** (0.0108) Mild Intellectual Dis. -0.0276 (0.0270) Mod. Intellectual Dis. -0.3200 (0.2636) Num. Schools Attended -0.0642*** (0.0084) Changed Schools -0.0532*** (0.0036) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0039*** (0.0003) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0167*** (0.0011) Lagged Pct. Present 0.0037*** (0.0004) Late Entry 0.0271 (0.0207) Prior Negative Exit 0.0374* (0.0167) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0015*** (0.0001) School Pct. LEP 0.0025*** (0.0003) School Pct. SWD -0.0035*** (0.0006) School Pct. Students 0.1570 taking EOCT Biology in middle school (0.1133) Constant -0.1584*** (0.0378) R-Squared 0.7173 N 114795 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 0.5013 (0.5284) 0.1263*** (0.0186) -0.0863 (0.1017) -0.0486*** (0.0108) -0.0245 (0.0271) -0.3293 (0.2642) -0.0655*** (0.0084) -0.0599*** (0.0036) -0.0038*** (0.0003) -0.0183*** (0.0011) 0.0031*** (0.0004) 0.0260 (0.0208) 0.0321 (0.0168) -0.0021*** (0.0001) 0.0022*** (0.0003) -0.0034*** (0.0006) 0.1963 (0.1131) -0.0959* (0.0376) 0.7159 114795 -0.0543*** (0.0016) 0.7023 115299 254 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 High School Economics Value-Added Estimates (1) All Controls Grade 8 Math Score Grade 8 ELA Score Grade 8 Reading Score Grade 8 Science Score Grade 8 Soc. Stud. Score Free/Reduced-Price Lunch Female Foreign Born Black Hispanic Asian American Indian Multi-Racial ESOL Enrolled Gifted Prim. Lang. Not English Orthopedic Impairment Speech-Language Imp. Deaf Visual Impairment Emotional/Behav. Dis. Specific Learning Dis. 0.1082*** (0.0035) 0.0661*** (0.0038) 0.1155*** (0.0034) 0.2076*** (0.0041) 0.2347*** (0.0038) -0.0604*** (0.0051) -0.1145*** (0.0043) 0.1363*** (0.0121) -0.0788*** (0.0053) -0.0721*** (0.0087) 0.0432*** (0.0118) 0.0480 (0.0478) -0.0331** (0.0124) 0.0427* (0.0206) 0.2265*** (0.0068) -0.0831*** (0.0103) -0.0974 (0.1084) -0.0715 (0.0605) -0.0781 (0.0605) -0.0778 (0.0898) -0.0903*** (0.0256) -0.1316*** (0.0103) (2) No Race/Ethnicity 0.1110*** (0.0035) 0.0656*** (0.0038) 0.1154*** (0.0034) 0.2133*** (0.0041) 0.2370*** (0.0038) -0.0769*** (0.0050) -0.1153*** (0.0043) 0.1440*** (0.0120) 0.0540** (0.0206) 0.2295*** (0.0068) -0.0929*** (0.0085) -0.0953 (0.1085) -0.0684 (0.0606) -0.0712 (0.0606) -0.0810 (0.0900) -0.0776** (0.0256) -0.1283*** (0.0103) (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.1553*** (0.0035) 0.0696*** (0.0037) 0.1207*** (0.0035) 0.2510*** (0.0041) 0.2777*** (0.0038) 255 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Deaf and Blind 0.8141 (0.6221) Autism -0.0862** (0.0266) Traumatic Brain Injury -0.3128** (0.1052) Other Health Imp. -0.1321*** (0.0152) Mild Intellectual Dis. -0.1009** (0.0353) Mod. Intellectual Dis. 0.0153 (0.3593) Num. Schools Attended -0.1111*** (0.0134) Changed Schools -0.1686*** (0.0086) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0065*** (0.0003) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0251*** (0.0017) Lagged Pct. Present 0.0039*** (0.0004) Late Entry 0.0210 (0.0276) Prior Negative Exit 0.0284 (0.0213) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0029*** (0.0002) School Pct. LEP 0.0017*** (0.0005) School Pct. SWD -0.0057*** (0.0008) School Pct. Students -9.3399*** taking EOCT Economics in middle school (1.1558) Constant -0.0550 (0.0433) R-Squared 0.6115 N 94479 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 0.8359 (0.6231) -0.0755** (0.0266) -0.3036** (0.1054) -0.1211*** (0.0153) -0.0994** (0.0353) 0.0078 (0.3598) -0.1128*** (0.0134) -0.1732*** (0.0086) -0.0063*** (0.0003) -0.0275*** (0.0017) 0.0033*** (0.0004) 0.0200 (0.0276) 0.0215 (0.0214) -0.0035*** (0.0002) 0.0010* (0.0005) -0.0054*** (0.0008) -9.7946*** (1.1570) -0.0062 (0.0432) 0.6103 94479 -0.0629*** (0.0021) 0.5881 94788 256 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 High School Geometry Value-Added Estimates (1) All Controls Grade 8 Math Score Grade 8 ELA Score Grade 8 Reading Score Grade 8 Science Score Grade 8 Soc. Stud. Score Free/Reduced-Price Lunch Female Foreign Born Black Hispanic Asian American Indian Multi-Racial ESOL Enrolled Gifted Prim. Lang. Not English Orthopedic Impairment Speech-Language Imp. Deaf Visual Impairment Emotional/Behav. Dis. Specific Learning Dis. 0.4375*** (0.0053) 0.0846*** (0.0053) 0.0008 (0.0150) 0.1700*** (0.0054) -0.0006 (0.0051) -0.0668*** (0.0048) -0.0734*** (0.0040) 0.0608*** (0.0111) -0.1053*** (0.0050) -0.0679*** (0.0076) 0.1560*** (0.0102) -0.0452 (0.0432) -0.0728*** (0.0109) 0.0287* (0.0144) 0.2995*** (0.0060) -0.0430*** (0.0087) -0.2243* (0.1098) -0.0074 (0.0407) -0.0658 (0.0606) -0.0077 (0.0861) -0.1556*** (0.0266) -0.1571*** (0.0099) (2) No Race/Ethnicity 0.4464*** (0.0054) 0.0828*** (0.0054) 0.0004 (0.0151) 0.1774*** (0.0054) 0.0005 (0.0051) -0.0893*** (0.0047) -0.0742*** (0.0040) 0.0733*** (0.0110) 0.0296* (0.0144) 0.3063*** (0.0060) -0.0177* (0.0073) -0.2173* (0.1103) -0.0134 (0.0409) -0.0618 (0.0609) 0.0118 (0.0865) -0.1449*** (0.0268) -0.1550*** (0.0099) (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.5408*** (0.0055) 0.1270*** (0.0055) 0.0053 (0.0159) 0.2045*** (0.0056) 0.0334*** (0.0054) 257 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Autism -0.1152*** (0.0246) Traumatic Brain Injury -0.1553 (0.1388) Other Health Imp. -0.1586*** (0.0153) Mild Intellectual Dis. -0.2647*** (0.0411) Mod. Intellectual Dis. -0.5701 (0.3803) Num. Schools Attended -0.0561*** (0.0110) Changed Schools 0.0716*** (0.0051) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0059*** (0.0003) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0187*** (0.0015) Lagged Pct. Present 0.0057*** (0.0005) Late Entry -0.0176 (0.0307) Prior Negative Exit -0.0050 (0.0252) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0066*** (0.0002) School Pct. LEP -0.0028*** (0.0005) School Pct. SWD 0.0008 (0.0007) School Pct. students 0.3452*** taking EOCT Math in middle school (0.0212) Constant -0.3664*** (0.0523) R-Squared 0.7048 N 83255 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 -0.0992*** (0.0247) -0.1495 (0.1395) -0.1481*** (0.0154) -0.2663*** (0.0413) -0.4255 (0.3822) -0.0621*** (0.0110) 0.0741*** (0.0051) -0.0057*** (0.0003) -0.0220*** (0.0015) 0.0045*** (0.0005) -0.0265 (0.0308) -0.0127 (0.0253) -0.0075*** (0.0002) -0.0042*** (0.0005) 0.0006 (0.0007) 0.3051*** (0.0210) -0.2466*** (0.0519) 0.7018 83255 -0.0794*** (0.0020) 0.6647 83463 258 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 High School Physical Science Value-Added Estimates (1) (2) All Controls No Race/Ethnicity Grade 8 Math Score 0.2311*** 0.2387*** (0.0045) (0.0045) Grade 8 ELA Score 0.0704*** 0.0683*** (0.0048) (0.0048) Grade 8 Reading Score 0.0656*** 0.0663*** (0.0080) (0.0081) Grade 8 Science Score 0.2868*** 0.2977*** (0.0047) (0.0047) Grade 8 Soc. Stud. 0.1259*** 0.1280*** Score (0.0046) (0.0046) Free/Reduced-Price -0.0251*** -0.0456*** Lunch (0.0053) (0.0053) Female -0.1193*** -0.1195*** (0.0045) (0.0045) Foreign Born 0.0496** 0.0607*** (0.0152) (0.0150) Black -0.1235*** (0.0054) Hispanic -0.0666*** (0.0097) Asian 0.1042*** (0.0201) American Indian -0.0900 (0.0515) Multi-Racial -0.0572*** (0.0128) ESOL Enrolled -0.0234 -0.0034 (0.0159) (0.0159) Gifted 0.2006*** 0.2045*** (0.0097) (0.0097) Prim. Lang. Not English -0.0386** -0.0358*** (0.0120) (0.0094) Orthopedic -0.0513 -0.0501 Impairment (0.1197) (0.1202) Speech-Language Imp. -0.0390 -0.0432 (0.0379) (0.0381) Deaf -0.1022 -0.1051 (0.0668) (0.0672) Visual Impairment -0.1616 -0.1642 (0.1023) (0.1027) Emotional/Behav. Dis. -0.0660*** -0.0496* (0.0196) (0.0197) Specific Learning Dis. -0.1043*** -0.0982*** (0.0088) (0.0089) (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.2599*** (0.0045) 0.0742*** (0.0046) 0.0598*** (0.0082) 0.3167*** (0.0047) 0.1614*** (0.0046) 259 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Autism 0.0005 (0.0253) Traumatic Brain Injury -0.0458 (0.1065) Other Health Imp. -0.1138*** (0.0132) Mild Intellectual Dis. -0.1383*** (0.0296) Num. Schools Attended -0.0650*** (0.0105) Changed Schools -0.0960*** (0.0046) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0045*** (0.0003) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0222*** (0.0013) Lagged Pct. Present 0.0012** (0.0004) Late Entry 0.0335 (0.0238) Prior Negative Exit 0.0281 (0.0190) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0015*** (0.0002) School Pct. LEP 0.0026*** (0.0005) School Pct. SWD 0.0021** (0.0008) School Pct. Students 0.1460*** taking EOCT Physical Science in middle school (0.0284) Constant 0.0912* (0.0448) R-Squared 0.6378 N 62130 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 0.0150 (0.0254) -0.0201 (0.1070) -0.0984*** (0.0133) -0.1362*** (0.0298) -0.0725*** (0.0106) -0.0862*** (0.0046) -0.0043*** (0.0003) -0.0256*** (0.0013) -0.0001 (0.0004) 0.0216 (0.0239) 0.0136 (0.0191) -0.0027*** (0.0002) 0.0025*** (0.0005) 0.0029*** (0.0008) 0.1515*** (0.0285) 0.2068*** (0.0446) 0.6344 62130 -0.0346*** (0.0023) 0.6163 62479 260 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 High School U.S. History Value-Added Estimates (1) All Controls Grade 8 Math Score Grade 8 ELA Score Grade 8 Reading Score Grade 8 Science Score Grade 8 Soc. Stud. Score Free/Reduced-Price Lunch Female Foreign Born Black Hispanic Asian American Indian Multi-Racial ESOL Enrolled Gifted Prim. Lang. Not English Orthopedic Impairment Speech-Language Imp. Deaf Visual Impairment Emotional/Behav. Dis. Specific Learning Dis. 0.0471*** (0.0035) 0.0682*** (0.0038) 0.0929*** (0.0035) 0.1351*** (0.0040) 0.3968*** (0.0037) -0.0508*** (0.0049) -0.1766*** (0.0041) 0.1050*** (0.0114) -0.0682*** (0.0051) -0.0183* (0.0082) 0.0665*** (0.0112) -0.0001 (0.0479) -0.0474*** (0.0117) 0.0658*** (0.0152) 0.1687*** (0.0065) -0.0867*** (0.0096) -0.1297 (0.0885) 0.0464 (0.0473) 0.0144 (0.0654) -0.1332 (0.1047) 0.0044 (0.0230) -0.0502*** (0.0095) (2) No Race/Ethnicity 0.0513*** (0.0034) 0.0677*** (0.0038) 0.0929*** (0.0035) 0.1399*** (0.0040) 0.3974*** (0.0037) -0.0627*** (0.0048) -0.1775*** (0.0041) 0.1051*** (0.0113) 0.0747*** (0.0152) 0.1711*** (0.0065) -0.0640*** (0.0078) -0.1282 (0.0886) 0.0445 (0.0474) 0.0196 (0.0654) -0.1393 (0.1048) 0.0114 (0.0230) -0.0476*** (0.0095) (3) Lagged Scores Only 0.0989*** (0.0034) 0.0556*** (0.0037) 0.0860*** (0.0036) 0.1822*** (0.0040) 0.4390*** (0.0037) 261 State Charter Schools Performance Evaluation, 2016/17 Autism 0.1583*** (0.0249) Traumatic Brain Injury -0.2730* (0.1292) Other Health Imp. -0.0306* (0.0142) Mild Intellectual Dis. 0.0152 (0.0350) Mod. Intellectual Dis. -0.3846 (0.6192) Num. Schools Attended -0.0792*** (0.0117) Changed Schools -0.0102 (0.0079) Diff. from Modal Age -0.0063*** (0.0003) Lagged Num. Disc. Inc. -0.0241*** (0.0014) Lagged Pct. Present 0.0067*** (0.0004) Late Entry 0.0417 (0.0254) Prior Negative Exit 0.0251 (0.0198) School Pct. Direct Cert. -0.0037*** (0.0002) School Pct. LEP 0.0015*** (0.0004) School Pct. SWD -0.0063*** (0.0007) School Pct. Students -59.1334*** taking EOCT U.S. History in middle school (16.0713) Constant -0.2976*** (0.0443) R-Squared 0.6160 N 102414 Standard errors in parentheses * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 0.1673*** (0.0249) -0.2622* (0.1293) -0.0233 (0.0142) 0.0166 (0.0350) -0.3981 (0.6199) -0.0814*** (0.0117) -0.0137 (0.0079) -0.0062*** (0.0003) -0.0264*** (0.0014) 0.0061*** (0.0004) 0.0424 (0.0254) 0.0196 (0.0198) -0.0043*** (0.0002) 0.0013** (0.0004) -0.0060*** (0.0007) -56.6034*** (16.0873) -0.2430*** (0.0441) 0.6151 102414 -0.0348*** (0.0020) 0.5922 102771 262