GtA !\Jl.Ot>,HS Al \qqs 1995 Annual Report Historic Preservation Division Georgia Department of Natural Resources January, 1996 Thispublication has beenfinanced in part withfederalfandsfrom the NationalParkSenrice, Department oftheInterior, through the Historic Preservation Division of the Georgia Department ofNatural Resources. However, the contents andopinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies ofthe Department ofthe Interior, nor does the mention oftrade names, commercialproducts or consultants constitute endorsement or recommendation by the Department ofthe Interior or the Georgia Department ofNatural Resources. Under Title VI ofthe CivilRightsAct of1964 andSection 504 oftheRehabilitationActof1973, the U.S. Department oftheInteriorprohibits discrimination on the basis ofrace, color, national origin, or disability in its federally assisted programs. Ifyou believe you have been discriminated against in any program, activity, orfacility as described above, ofifyou desire more information, write to: Officefor Equal Opportunity, U.S. DepartmentoftheInterior, Washington, D.C. 20240. Ifyou need this in an alternativeformat, contact the Historic Preservation Division at (404) 656-2840. After a year in Georgia as your State Historic Preservation Officer, I look back on these past months with both pride and gratitude. The Historic Preservation Division has accomplished a great deal in this time. These accomplishments are due to the efforts ofan experienced, dedicated staff, and we all owe them our thanks. This staff represents individuals who care about the work they are doing and take pride in a job well done. I owe them my thanks as well, for all ofthe time and effort taken to advise and assist me as I traveled throughout this impressive state, learning about all the significant resources Georgia has to offer. Following are some of the noteworthy highlights of SFY 1995 (July 1, 1994-June 30, 1995): The Move to the Healey Building-The elevation of the office to Division level status and the subsequent move from cramped quarters to the historic setting ofthe National Register- listedHealey Building brought SFY 1995 to a glorious close. We are proudto have our workplace reflect our beliefs inthe value ofcontinuing to use our grand old buildings, and we will continue to take the opportunity to showcase the benefits of rehabilitation and reuse. After seven months in this location, we have begun to settle in, but the efforts of the staff space designers, the packers, the movers and the furniturebuyers will not soon be forgotten. The Flood Assistance Effort-The disaster of the great flood of the summer of 1994 presented HPD with many challenges. It was imperative that we provide effective service to our constituents impacted by the flood, and, in turn, the opportunity came about to introduce preservation to a broader public through financial and technical support. More than 100 rehabilitation projects are being accomplished with the federal :funds allocated to this office for disaster relief The benefits ofthis work expands far beyond any individual projects as a greater awareness ofthe long-term benefits of preservation changes the face of south Georgia communities. Olympian Efforts to maintain the record-breaking rate of review for Olympic-related Section 106 and federal and state tax projects have involved planning and technical services staff. Specific 106 projects this year in Atlanta have resulted in the creation ofa major Memorandum of Agreement for Techwood Homes and a major Preservation Agreement for Summerhill that could change the way the City deals with the review process in the future. Reduction of the National Register Backlog-In spite of overwhelming workload increases and a significant loss ofstaff, the National Register unit has reduced the overall backlog of nominations by over 70%. This is a tremendous achievement. 1 Message Front the SHPO SHPO Mark R. Edwards Governor Zel/Millerand SHPO MarkEdwards presentflood grant checks to recipients at the GeorgiaMunicipalAssociation annual meeting last January.. Standing from left to right are: theformer Mayor ofMacon, David Carter; the Mayor of Dawson, Robert L. Albritten; the MayorofAmericus, Russell Thomas; Governor Zell Miller and SHPO Mark Edwards. Improvements in Section 106 Delivery-I am especially proud of the execution of a Preservation Agreement with the South Georgia RDC, which will be the model for how the review process can work in the future. By involving regional and local agencies more directly in the review and decision-making process, critical decisions can be made more quickly and efficiently on a local level. Assisting CLGs-This year we instituted a new grant system based on the "building blocks plan" to guide skill building for CLGs. This should help insure that CLG communities accomplish all the major steps in setting up their local programs and should help local decision-making. Working with RDC Preservation Planners-This year we instituted a new contracting system to specify mutually agreed-upon work items. This insures that preservation planners' time can be focused on specific preservation activities, and itstandardizes work required from all RDCs. Doubled the Appropriation of the Heritage 2000 Grant Program-This extremely well-received state grant program.was initiatedjusttwo years ago to assist in funding the rehabilitation of historic buildings. The level of funding increased from $135,000 the first year to $270,000 the second year, and the number ofprojects almost doubled as well. A total of32 projects have been funded in only two years; but requests for funding far exceed the amount of money available. Educational Programming Expanded and Improved Frequent requests that we get from the public involve the need for more information on HPD programs. We are moving in that direction as quickly as we can with plans for a new quarterly newsletter, Preservation Georgia, a revised monthly F. Y.I., and an across-the-board increase in the number of workshops we offer both for the general public and for the preservation professional. Archeology Summit~Through recent attempts to identify major issues with professional and amateur archeologists, HPD is workingto shiftbudgetpriorities in orderto establish an Archeological Unit within the Division. This unit would integrate the functions of the State Archaeologist and current staff archaeologists into one office. 2 Affordable Housing Initiative -This one-day workshop in March focusing on affordable housing and preservation goals was attended by over 80 participants representing local, state, and federal levels of activity and interest. It resulted in published conference proceedings and the opportunityto have an effect on national and state housing policy. African-American Network and Committee-This group continued to work toward the adoption of a strategic plan and long-termgoals, including the addition ofan intern position, a quarterly newsletter, and plans for a :fundraiser at the Governor's Mansion in 1996. Georgia Civil War Commission -With the completion of the Resaca Preservation Plan, the Commission has shifted into a :fundraising campaign to raise the money necessary to buy and preserve 1200 acres of the Resaca battlefield. HPD will continue to assist in coordinating these activities and promoting the work ofthe Commission. The African-American Historic Preservation Commitee meets with Governor Zell Miller. From leftto right: SHP0Mark Edwards, Helen Catron, Janice Sikes, Barbara Washington, Governor ZellMiller, Isaac Johnson, Elizabeth Lyon, Carole Griffith and Fletcher Muse. This list could go on and on. None of it would have been possible withoutthe splendid dedication and commitment of this very special staff and the support ofa strong statewide preservation network. On the anniversary ofmy coming to Georgia, I want to thank each of you for a job well done. In looking to the future, the next few months will see the completion ofthe new state historic preservation plan, New Vision. This plan will integrate all our goals, as determined by the preservation public, into the Department ofNatural Resources' Strategic Plan. This planwill make it clear what we hope and expect to achieve over the next five years with your assistance. This is an ambitious document that presents us with many challenges. And each year as I make my comments in these annual reports, I am sure that you will see continuing evidence of what we are accomplishing as we work to achieve this vision. Mark R Edwards Division Director and Georgia State Historic Preservation Officer January 1996 Members ofthe Georgia Civil War Commission meet with Governor Zell Miller. From Left to right: Philip Secrist, SHP0 Mark Edwards, Elizabeth Lyon, Major Stephen Bacon (ret.), Dana Chapman, Eugene Hatfield, Louise Smith, John Carlisle, Gov. Zell Miller, Tom Watson Brown, Holly Robinson, Oliver Keller, and Maxine Turner 3 Properties Added to the Historic Resources Inventory: 4,550 (over 78,000 total) Nominations Accepted for Listing in the National Register of Historic Places: 46 (13 districts, 32 buildings, 1structure): 1,535 total, representing 36,555 historic properties Federal Tax Incentive Applications Reviewed/ Private S Spent: 138 applications/$59 million The Year m Review State Tax Incentive Projects Application_s/Private S Spent: 151applications/$65million Historic Preservation Fund Grant Projects Completed/ S Awarded: 14 projects completed/$132,175 New Historic Preservation Fund Grant Projects Awarded/ $ Awarded: 10 projects awarded/$75,000 Heritage 2000 Grant Projects/$ Awarded: . 12 projects awarded/$135,000 Environmental Review Projects Reviewed/$ Spent: 1,630 projects reviewed/$! billion+ Information Requests Handled Approximately 5,000 Certified Local Governments: 5 new communities (44 total) 5 Rehabilitation work is in progress at 1495 2ndAvenue in the Pleasant Hill Historic District in Macon. CASE STUDY: Affordable Housing Initiative Affordable housing in historic neighborhoods is one of the critical issues that HPD worked on during the year. Community development funds are often used to rehabilitate housing or build new housing in historic, lower income neighborhoods throughout Georgia. The need to provide more housing that is affordable, to improve dilapidated housing, and to meet t..lie changing housing needs ofspecial populations sometimes creates conflicts with the community's desire to preserve historic properties and districts. To address these divergent community goals and to find workable solutions to common problems, the Division co-sponsored a oneday symposium, "Community Conservation and Affordable Housing in Georgia-An Agenda for the Future." The goals of this workshop was to identify common problems with adapting historic buildings for affordable housing and to highlight successful solutions and recommendations for future action in order to make preservation and affordable housing work. HPD and other participants in the initiative are now taking the next steps toward implementation of the recommendations. Hist'oric Preservation Planning One of the foundations of an effective preservation program is the incorporation of historic preservation into planning processes at the state, regional, and local levels. HPD provides comprehensive, regional, and community planning programs that promote and enable preservation planning at all levels of government. HPD planning activities include gathering and providing information about historic resources; ident(fying trends that affect historic resources and developing initiatives in response to those trends; coordinating with other agencies and organizations whose plans affect historic resources; and assisting local governments and Regional Development Centers with implementation of the Georgia Planning Act. 7 1111111,111111111 ::::-::.:=:-::-:-:-:-:-:-.. _ , :-:-::-.::::::::. JJ?It~tffi!IM9.#.#.~f!ffl!f.httft Comprehensive Planning The Comprehensive. Planning Program helps HPD look beyond individual projects to see the big picture in preservation and work toward long-term solutions to issues. Comprehensive Planning includes trends analysis, development ofinformation on historic resources, special initiatives addressing statewide or regional issues, training in preservation planning for local governments and state agencies, and development and implementation of the Georgia Historic Preservation Plan. During SFY 1995, HPD turned its attention to state agency planning, working with the Georgia Environmental Management Agency on disaster preparedness and response, and with the Coastal Resources Division of DNR on development of a Coastal Zone Management program for Georgia. HPD continued to work with the Georgia Department of Transportation on the Transpo~tion Enhancements program. Also, in developing one ofthe main planning initiatives ofthe year-affordable housing and preservation-HPD invited the Department of Community Affairs andthe GeorgiaHousing and Finance Authorityto become partners in finding solutions to problems involving affordable housing and historic properties. HPD continues to provide historic resource data and technical assistance to local governments that are developing comprehensive plans in compliance with the Georgia Planning Act. - Community Planning Services The CommunityPlanning Services program assists communities across the state by providing both direct historic preservation planning assistance to local communities and by providing coordination ofthe Regional Historic Preservation Planning program through the Regional Development Centers (RDCs) across the state. Currently, with assistance from HPD, 14 of Georgia's 17 RDCs employ historic preservation planners. Much of community planning assistance during SFY 1995 was devoted to HPD assistance to the areas of southwest Georgia affected by Tropical Storm Alberto in July, 1994. HPD dedicated a staff member to work closely with other state and federal agencies to coordinate assistance to the 55 affected counties. Additional Community Service projects included assistance to the Historic District Development Corporation in Atlanta, the 8 City ofRoswell, Sapelo Island, and Stone Mountain. The Historic Preservation Planning Network met twice, at A.H. Stephens State Parle in Crawfordville and in Augusta, to exchange infonnation and discuss issues concerning planners working in historic preservation. Significant time was devoted to the assembling of information, receiving public input, and conducting interviews as a basis for the creation of the State Historic Preservation Plan. Georgia Civil War Commission The Georgia Civil War Commission was created by the General Assembly in 1993 and began its work in September ofthat year. The 15-member Commission (one slot is currently vacant), with assistance from HPD, is authorized to collect information and prepare a database on the state's historic properties related to the Civil War; to raise public awareness and encourage the protection ofCivil War historic resources in Georgia; and to promote tourism to Civil War sites throughout the state. During the year, the Commission met at various locations, including Atlanta, Augusta, Athens, and Rock Springs. Projects focused on during the year were: further development ofa preservation plan for Resaca's Civil War resources, the completion of the inventory of Civil War-related historic resources, pursuit of land acquisitions relating to the battles of Griswoldville and Resaca, and the publication of Crossroads of Conflict: A Guide for Touring Civil War Sites in Georgia. With support from the American Battlefield Protection Program, the Georgia Department ofIndustry, Trade & Tourism, and HPD, the Georgia Civil War Commission made available well over 5,000 copies ofCrossroads ofConflict. Most went to state legislators, local officials, chambers of commerce and regional libraries, but some were distributed to state visitor centers and to the general public upon request. The Commission held a fall retreat in Athens. Its purpose was to plan for the November Stakeholder's meeting in Atlanta. The Stakeholder's meeting was held on November 18 at the State Archives Building. A number ofpeople attended and gave input on issues such as the Commission's short- and long-term goals. A report on the findings from the meeting was published in February. Paul Birkhead was contracted on June 1st to serve as fulltime Executive Administrator for the Commission. HPD continued to provide support and office space for Commission staff. 9 Georgia Qvil War Commissiorf ,zc:;i:itilal!III ~: ... .. . >< t~~6er#r;~'.Bratr~f9f!#l: f? ~~l[*f ::!~~I~: < . C : -: . . . ..... .~jij> > ~~~1}~#.~t <.. >:.: : . i Atlanta\//,.: .. . ~o~~g~~-J::~~ 1: :~r:~~=~1:j:}: Survey and Inventory Knowing about historic properties is the essential first step in a community's preservation efforts and facilitates wise decisions about preserving individual buildings and neighbor- Five surveys were completed during SFY 1995, adding 4,550 individual properties to the state inventory, increasing the total number of properties in the Georgia Historic Resources Survey to over 78,000. The five new surveys were intensive projects and included Habersham County, (1,632 resources); Harris County, (587 resources); Madison County, (575 resources); the City of Bowdon, (185 resources); and the City of Marietta, (1,571 resources). All five surveys have been entered in the HPD survey computer database. A tum-of-the-century house in Harris County. CASE STUDY: Harris County Conducted by Burke Walker, sponsored by the Harris County Chamber of Commerce, and funded, in part, by the Historic Chattahoochee Commission, the Harris County survey added 587 properties to the Georgia Historic Resources Survey database. 1bis was over four times the number of buildings surveyed in 1976. Harris County has a significantly higher percentage in buildings constructed before 1860 than those in the rest of the state. Although 58% of the surveyed properties have been detennined eligible for the National Register, only I% of the county's buildings have actually been listed in the Register. A distinctive aspect of Georgia's history -close relations with the federal government in the 1930s and 1940s-is especially evident in Harris County. As a direct result of President Roosevelt's fondness for the Warm Springs area, New Deal agencies worked extensively in the vicinity ofthe LittleWhite House. Twenty-eight percent of Harris County's historic resources have links to this theme. In his survey report, Walker recommended four historic districts for local designation: Hamilton, Pine Mountain, Shiloh and Waverly Hall. He also suggested the protection of the scenic highway Ga. 118, west of Pine Mountainn to Jones Crossroads. Nominations to the National Register should especially help preserve the county's historic churches and schools. 10 A panoramic view ofthe 50,000-acre McLemore Cove CASE STUDY: Mclemore Cove Historic District Walker County The McLemore Cove Historic District, the largest National Register district in Georgia, is made up ofa 50,141-acre triangular-shaped area containing the valley of McLemore Cove between the ridge lines ofLookout Mountain to the west and. Pigeon Mountain on the east. The district contains excellent examples of late 19th- and early 20th-century farmsteads with a wide range of farm houses, agricultural outbuildings, and fields. It also contains historic churches, cemeteries, schools, stores, water towers, landscape features, iron ore mining tipples, concrete stringer bridges, a railroadtunnel, CivilWar-relatedresources, andvarious other archeological sites. Still agricultural in nature, this district contains outstanding rural vistas. It is one ofthe most intact rural landscapes remaining in Georgia and the largesthistoric district in the state. The McLemore Cove Historic Districtnominationto the National Register of Historic Places was sponsored by the McLemore Cove Preservation Society and the Coosa Valley Regional Development Center. National Register/ Georgia Register of Historic Places TheNationalRegisteris the official list of historic buildings, structures, sites, objects and districts worthy ofpreservation. Register listingprovides recognition of a property's architectural, historical, or archeological significance. Listing in the Register identifies historic properties for local, state, andfederal planningpurposes and encourages their preservation throughpublic awareness andpreservation incentives, including preferential tax treatments and grants. Properties listed in the National Register are automatically listed in the Georgia Register of Historic Places. 11 CASE STUDY: Alexander H. Stephens Memorial State Park Taliaferro County The Alexander H. Stephens Memorial State Park is a 1,200acre recreational and camping facility owned by the State of Georgia. It consists of 76 historic resources dating from the 1930s and built bythe CivilianConservation Corps (CCC) andtheWorks Progress Administration (WPA) as part of the federally funded public works programs during the New Deal era. Between 1933 and 1935, the CCC constructed a children's wading pool, a 2.3 acre "Lake Liberty," a bathhouse, granite benches, barbecue pits, shelters, a 60-foot fire tower, roads, and hiking trails. From 1935 to the late 1930s, the WPA constructed a 23-acre lake, rustic cabins, dining hall, an amphitheater, bridges, ranger's residence, and a variety of other ancillary buildings. Most of the buildings from the CCC and WPAare still standing. Historic features from the 1936landscaping plan also exist which include rock retaining walls, culverts, granite benches, trails, roads, and trees. Also included in the historic district is Liberty Hall, the 19th-century home of Alexander Stephens, which was listed in the National Register in 1970. Nomination materials were prepared by the A. H. Stephens State Park Ranger, and the nomination was sponsored by the Alexander H. Stephens State Park Manager and the Parks and Historic Sites Division of the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. The historicfin tower atA.H. Stephens State Parle was built in the early 1930s. 12 National Register Review Board During SFY 1995, the Georgia National Register Review Board held all four regular meetings in Atlanta. One of those meetings was located in Atlanta's West End Historic District since that district was being considered for the National Register. Throughout the year, the Review Board considered 22 National Register nominations for historic buildings and districts, including large-scale nominations for 20th-century Lustron houses; buildings designed by Washington County architect Charles E. Choate; and 20th-century courthouses. There are now 127 county courthouses listed in the National Register. The Review Board also considered applications for 21 state historical markers during the year. HPD thanks architect Susan Skinner Thomas of Rome, historian Sarah Brown of Savannah, and archeologist Joe Joseph of Stone Mountain for their service to the Review Board over the past year. Georgia preservationists who have recently assumed terms on the Review Board include Alice TaylorColbert, historian, Rome; Sarah Boykin, architect, Atlanta; and Karen Wood, archeologist, Ellerslie. 11ri3B l:!iili! x.J~~~~U1~J~~~~!~J~r~~;~~j~-. . li=~~!~~~ :!iv Gre!fri~r~~Bffill!?ftJ~:1:i. .. . \<:)Stew+arCf Ceo0i1:irei4fy;,66'H/2)0/95)) O...b\eVdia~h.Boalrllbiteyr;H6o/2m0e/9st5ead<. . Leade.,;.Roiiamky House ToombSCounty, 6/2fJ/95 A.H. Stephcim ?r.lemorial Sta~ }>ark .. J~lia~.p~ty; ~Y9?? 13 Centennial Farm Program Because the family farm has played a significant role in Georgia's history, the Centennial Farm program was established three years ago; since that time, the program has recognized over 100 historicfarms in Georgia. By honoring centennial farms and the farm families in the state, the Centennial Farm Program promotes agricultural awareness and preservation .of these rural resources. The program is sponsored by HPD in cooperation with the Georgia Farm Bureau Federation, the Georgia Department of Agriculture, the Georgia Forestry Commission, the University of Georgia's College ofAgricultural and Environmental Sciences, and the Georgia National Fair. To qualify for any of the three categories of recognition, a farm must be a working farm with a minimum of 10 acres involved in agricultural production or with a $1,000 annual farm income. The Bond-Harberfarmhouse was built in 1885. CASE STUDY: The Bond-Harber Farm, Franklin County At the 1995 Centennial Farm Awards Ceremony in October, the Bond-Harber Fann received the Centennial Heritage Farm Award, the highest of the three categories of awards. The farm has been in the same family since 1885 when 83 acres were given to John Bond and Mary Harber by her father upon their marriage. Every few years, thereafter, additional land was purchased. At John Bond's death in 1920, the farm consisted of 730 acres, with the Bond-Harber house (built in 1885 and enlarged in 1912), six tenant houses, a store, and a cotton gin. From the earliest years until 1965, cotton was always the major crop. Other crops included com and hay. A vegetable garden and orchard also were on the farm. Hogs were raised for sausage, and yard chickens were kept for eggs and meat for Sunday dinner. The henhouse, where the chickens roosted safe from foxes, opossums, and raccoons, still exists on the farm. Today, the 350-acre farm produces wheat and hay; 14 Centennial Heritage Farm Award For farms owned by members of the same family for at least 100 years and listed in the National Register. Bond-Harber Farm Franklin County Centennial Farm Award Forfarms at least 100 years old (continuousfamilyownersfzip not required) and listed in the National Register. No awards this year The historic Lee Watkins Farm won a Centennial Family Farm award. Centennial Family Farm Award Gtventofannsownedbymembers offhefamilyforatleast JOO years, butdoes notrequirelisting in the National Register of Historic Places. Eleven recipients listed below received recognition in this category: Pentecost Farm Barrow County Mack J. Bowen, Jr. Farm Brooks County Reaves Family Farm Carroll County Jowen Plantation Coffee and Irwin counties Home Farm Dooly County Josey Farm Dooly County Juanite M. Joiner Fann Jenkins County Marshall's Farm Oconee County Carranza Morgan's Farm Sumter County Stringer Fann Thomas County Lee Watkins Farm Thomas County 15 Preservation Tax Incentives A community's historic buildings rejl~ct the unique character ofits neighborhoods and gathering places, offering residents a sense of place, as well as a tangible link to the past. Federal and state laws have been enacted to support the preservation of these buildings through tax incentives, which, in turn, have made impressive contributions to Georgia's economy and quality of life. The Reh ab ilitation Investment Tax Credit Program continues to experience a high level ofpopularity here in Georgia. In fact, during FFY 1994, Georgia ranked third in the nation in the number ofprojects receiving final certification from the National Park Service. SFY 1995 was a busyyearfor HPD'stax incentives review staff; a total of138projects were reviewed, representing over $43 million in proposed projects and $16 million in completedwork The historic Anderson B11ilding in Adairsville was rehabilitat.edfor retail pwposes 11SU1g thefederal and stat.e ta:c incentives. CASE STUDY: N.C. Anderson Building Adairsville, Bartow County Located in downtown Adairsville, this two-story, brick commercial building was constructed in 1902 andhas beenutilized over the years for general mercantile purposes. Situated on a corner lot, its main facades are accentuated with a fine decorative pressed metal cornice emblazoned with both the name and the date ofthe building. Other exterior features include cast iron and brick columns at the storefront, stone lintels and sills at the second floor windows, and decorative metal vents at the attic level. The interior consists oflarge, open rooms, some punctuated with wood columns and with wood flooring and plaster walls. Prior to rehabilitation, extensive damage had occurred due to water infiltration, and the repair and stabilization of both structural and cosmetic features were major concerns during this project. The building was converted to retail use at the first floor and assembly use at the second floor. New electrical, plumbing, and central air systems were installed in a sensitive manner that complements the historic interiors. Most ofthe original doublehung wood sash windows at the second floor had been removed by a previous owner; however, much remained of the stained glass transoms at these windows, and these were repaired in the course of the project. 16 CASE STUDY: Raines/Akins Hardware Building, Statesboro, Bulloch County The Raines/Akins Hardware Building is located within the boundaries ofthe East Main Street Commercial Historic District. It is a two-story, brick, commercial-style building, with exterior features such as brick corbeling, segmentally-arched windows at the second floor, decorative pressed metal cornice, and cast iron columns. Interior features include wood floors, plaster walls, beaded board ceilings, a wood stair with turned newel posts and balusters, a light well and a skylight. As in the case study above, much damage was sustained due to a deteriorated roof, resulting in water damage to one third of the building. The building was rehabilitated for mixed use consisting ofoffices and four rental housing units. A non-historic storefront was replaced with a new storefront, the design ofwhich was based on ahistoric photograph. The painted brick facade was carefully cleaned and repainted; historic windows were retained and repaired wherever possible. The roof was replaced, and the metal cornice was cleaned and repainted. On the interior, wood floors were repaired. Most of the plaster was in reparable condition, the beaded board ceilings were patched and repainted, and the skylight was only slightly water damaged and required only minor repairs. New electrical, plumbing, and air systems were installed. In both these two projects, the owners took advantage of both the federal and state tax incentives programs and worked withHPD to ensure compliance with the standards that have been established for these programs. The Georgia Preferential ProJJ(!11y TaxAssessmentProgram, through which property taxes can be frozen for nine years for the approved rehabilitation of a historic home or business, also is experiencing continued growth. During SFY 1995, HPD reviewed 106 proposed projects with an estimatedrehabilitation costofover $48 million, and 45 completed projects with an actual rehabilitation cost ofjustunder $16 million. HPD staff participated in community revitalization workshops in Fitzgerald, Americus, Valdosta, and Atlanta during the past year, and a presentation on the federal and state tax incentives programs was made at the state preservation conference in Augusta. The Raines/Akins Hardware Building before and after rehab. 17 Environntental Review Federally fonded, licensed, orpermittedprojectsenah/ecommunities throughoutGeorgia to carryout many essential activities involving transportation, housing, health, and safety. Sections 106and llOofthe Nationa/HistoricPreservationAct requirefederal agencies to obtainHPD comments on the effects of these projects on historic resources. HPD works with communities, military bases, development corporations, national forests, state parks, and others in meeting these responsibilities. . :~- U.S. Depi.. ofHou.sing and Urban Development Secretary Henry Cisneros speaking at the Techwood/Clark Howell Homes "Demolition Ceremony." CASE STUDY: Techwood/Clark Howell Homes Redevelopment Project, Atlanta As the first public housing project to be completed in the nation, the 60-year old Techwood Homes signified the federal government's initial efforts to replace slum neighborhoods with affordable housing for the poor. Completed in 1941, the neighboring Clark Howell Homes was a further extension ofthis endeavor. Unfortunately, by the early 1990s the buildings at Techwood and Clark Howell Homes had become blighted like the slum neighborhoods they had replaced. Furthermore, the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development had begun to rethink its approach to housing low-income individuals. Rather than separation, HUD now attempts to integrate this segment ofthe population into the larger society. Through the HOPE VI program, HUD will assist the Atlanta Housing Authority to redevelop Techwood/Clark Howell Homes into a model ofmixed-income housing. While this project will result in the replacement ofmost ofthe housing units with new town houses, the Atlanta Housing Authority signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) ensuring that the design of the new buildings and landscaping will be compatible with the Cupola Building at Techwood and the Clark Howell Community Center. The nearby Carnegie Library will be rehabilitated in accordance with The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation, and an interpretive exhibit on public housing will be placed in the Cupola Building. This project's outcome illustrates how the adverse effects of federal agency undertakings to historic resources may be mitigated through the Section 106 Review Process. The Techwood/Clark Howell Homes MOA is now being used as a model for similar projects in other states. 18 The Review Process at Work During SFY 1995, HPD reviewed 1,630 projects which represented over $1 billion in federal, state, local, and private funds; 331 of these projects affected historic properties. Through the review and compliance process, 595 archeological sites, historic buildings, districts, and structures were identified and evaluated. Of this number, 337 were considered eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places. The public continues to be actively involved in many of these projects, helping to ensure that federal agencies will not only consider historic and archeological resources in the planning of their undertakings, but also minimize or avoid adverse effects their projects may have to these properties. A significant amount of HPD's reviews in SFY 1995 involved projects related to the preparations for the 1996 Olympic Games including 5 Streetscape Projects in Atlanta, the Georgia International Horsepark in Conyers, and the Yachting Marina in Savannah. Moreover, in the wakeofthe 1994TropicalStormAlberto,HPDreviewed40Flood Relief Projects in 26 Georgia counties including Hazard Mitigation projects in Montezuma and Newton, and a project to reconstruct the Auchumpkee Creek Bridge in Upson County. Other projects HPD reviewed in SFY 1995 included a proposed Wal Mart Store in Cherokee County, and the continued development of studies for the proposed Federal Courthouse Annex in Savannah. To further assist government agencies in meeting the requirements of federal historic preservation laws, HPD staff participated in Section 106 Training Workshops for the Georgia Department of Community Affairs at a CDBG Applicants Workshop in Macon and at a CDBG Recipient's Workshop in Atlanta, for the Federal Aviation Administration at an Interagency Environmental Workshop in Atlanta, for the Georgia Department of Transportation at a series of Transportation Enhancement Activity (TEA) Applicants Workshop held across the state, and for the City of Savannah at a Workshop for its Housing Rehabilitation Specialists in Savannah. To better familiarize the Tallapoosa Historical Society, HPD staff also gave a presentation about the Section 106 review process to members of the society at one of its meetings. 19 A~~~~~/9iga~~~OllS . .<~i,i!! v 1:feJ? .tipij~ ?t :i4&.~~fl#.i.r. . Cobl:, <;cf pij>t: :c>f T~tkin Co rp .\(91 -;Q~l~Ptfum:~~~p~int.Atl. F~i~~~ F~~~~i~~~iqm ;~:111111zn~~. . G~lttl?~-~frs Ga'. ~:{ffiffill'tl)'~T~!.j'.~ ;~~~fL~.: ~~~ .~ ~';;~ Goor~~:=~c.:~ Ged~fustmeiMa~. 46E~ ~~~ ... u~;~;~~l~> . U.S. ~:f::~\~ lim@ / < ..> u:s:tF:ish~ &Wi~ ldlifeServ>ice.. .. <..g(:s{;~~f~9~'~i~n.ipg)f. . Transportation EnhanceIDent PrograID Under a Programmatic Agreement with the Federal Highway Administration and Georgia Department of Transportation, HPD continues to play a key role in the Transportation Enhancement Activities (J'EA.) program. HPD staff reviews project documents, plans, and reports, conducts site visits, and provides technical assistance related to compliance with provisions ofSection 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, as amended. The Flatiron Building located on Peachtree Street and the Healey Building are part ofAllanta'.s historic skyline. CASE STUDY: Atlanta Olympic Streetscapes It was a fortunate coincidence that the TEA program went into effect near the time the City of Atlanta was selected to host the 1996 Olympic Garnes. The Corporation for Olympic Development in Atlanta (CODA) identified 11 major downtown streets that will serve as pedestrian links between MARTA and Olympic venue sites and other destination points during the 1996 Olympics. Five ofthe identified projects obtained TEA funding and include the International Boulevard Pedestrian Corridor, the Capitol Avenue Pedestrian Corridor, the Peachtree Street Pedestrian Corridor, the Auburn Avenue Pedestrian Corridor, and Atlanta University Center/WestSidePedestrian Corridor. Local project sponsors obtained TEA funding for streetscaping other downtown streets that will serve as pedestrian corridors connecting Atlanta's rapid transit system to the Olympic venues. All of these streetscape projects will be completed before the arrival of the Olympic guests, but residents and visitors to Atlanta will continue to benefit from the projects long after the Olympic games are over. 20 CASE STUDY: Georgia's Covered Bridges At one time, there were over 150 covered bridges facilitating trade across Georgia. By the mid 1980s, only 13 remained, and even these few were endangered. One was lost to arson; one collapsed from deterioration; and another was swept away in a flood. Recognizing the value of these resources, the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) stepped in to stop this rapid loss. TEA-funded projects are now underwayto rehabilitate all ten of Georgia's surviving National Register-listed covered bridges. Each ofthese ten bridges will be rehabilitated as required to continue in their current use. Only three ofthe bridges are still opento vehiculartraffic, and these will bemade structurally sound, through repairs and reinforcements, and safe, through the addition oflighting, height restrictors, and signalized traffic controls. The remaining seven bridges have been by-passed by modem structures and now serve as scenic enhancements and pedestrian/bike bridges. The TEA Program at Work By the end of SFY 1995 HPD staffconducted 58 site visits and reviewed plans or documents for 35 of the more than 90 currently funded TEA projects. Two projects, the Douglas Streetscape project and the rehabilitation ofMontezuma Depot at the Georgia .Agrirama, have been completed, and several others are well underway. Other activities in support of the TEA programinclude: participating ina series oftraining workshops for TEA project sponsors; revising the Section 106 portion of the sponsor's guidebook; nominating projects for inclusion in the National Trust!FHWA publication, Building on the Past, Traveling to the Future: A Preservationist's Guide to the JSJ'EA Transportation Enhancment Provision; reviewing 125 new TEA applications for FFY 1997 funding; identifying potential cultural resource issues and providing comments to the Transportation Enhancement Advisory Panel on which SHPO and Division Director Mark Edwards and Deputy SHPO Karen Easter serve. Ifthe U.S. Congress votes to continue the TEA program beyond FFY 1997, many more worthhile enhancement projects can be funded. 21 i{j;e6tot1$i:?CdJ:iid eriadl / :~:s~i:!:. u(. <> : ? t J ~ : ~ J : ..::Jt:::=?r ... ..--.... '::!ri-ilitf: ;::-,.:(,:- ::::::1:i0air101~ :.: t11a~tiii /. ~~H~~f;~jJ1if~i~~~~<~:j~>~ . 1~?:~1111~e :iJtj;;;~:;~lt~~~H~;~ /\ . ,.,. .. ... . \Qc:c:>n# County):.: .... 'j ~~!!iI .~~~~~~~~El;~~a:i!l~ . . .Oglethorpe Cotiilty\ .. St~~~ ~H!!ii]~~~ I< White q>untf . Rehabilitation Technical Assistance The unique character and irreplaceable features of historic buildings should be treated with respect. Irreversible. design changes should be avoided or have minimal impact on historic fabric and building materials. Decisions made in a rehabilitation project should be informed and sensitive to the building's history. A considerable amount of information is available to guide individuals rehabilitating historic properties. All preservationists should be familiar with the Secretary of Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation, a set of common sense guidelines applicable to all types of historic structures. The National Park Service's Preservation Briefs series provides detailed information on issues such as roof and window repair, masonry cleaning, plaster repair, and energy conservation. The historic Morgan County Courthouse is Madison was updatedfor ADA compliance in 1995 with the addition ofan elevator in the interior and a lift at the exterior. CASE STUDY: The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Signed into law in July 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act extends comprehensive civil rights to individuals with disabilities. Equal opportunity is required in the areas ofemployment, State and local government programs, telecommunications, transportation, and places ofpublic accommodation. A disability may result from either a physical or mental impairment. Currently the ADA protects the rights of 49 million Americans with disabilities. Historic properties are not exempt from requirements ofthe ADA, but the legislation recognizes the national interest in preserving significant historic buildings. The ADA tries to balance historic preservation concerns and accessiblity requirements by protecting historic buildings from alterations that threaten or destroy their significance. The challenge is to find solutions that provide independent access for the disabled while maintaining the integrity ofthe historic resource. As the State Historic Preservation Office, HPD provides guidance to historic building owners trying to meet accessibility requirements. Various requests from Georgia's county courthouses and museums resulted in special programs targeting those resources. In the spring of 1994 HPD prepared a workshop 22 session on "Georgia's Historic Courthouses and the ADA" for the annual meeting of the Association County Commissioners of Georgia. At the request ofthe preservation planner at the Central Savannah River Area Regional Development Center, HPD repeated the session in November for the RDC's preservation Advisory Committee and area county officials. In addition HPD made site visits and provided ADA and/or rehabilitationtechnicalassistancetotbeJ<>llmon, Lincoln, Haralson, Upson, Colquitt, Bulloch, Glascock, Union, Murray, Warren, Irwin, Emanuel, Calhoun, and Taliaferro County Courthouses. In January 1995 HPD presented a workshop session at the annual meeting of the Georgia Association of Museums and Galleries. The topic was the preservation and continued use of house museums and historic buildings used for museums and galleries. A major focus was the ADA and its application to these resources. In addition HPD made site visits and provided ADA and/or rehabilitation technical assistance to a variety of Georgia museums, including the Blunt House, Dalton; Roddenberry Pickle Museum, Cairo; Teaching Museum South, East Point; Herndon Home, Atlanta; Gilbert House, South Fulton County; Sallie Ellis Davis House, Milledgeville; Lowndes County Museum, Valdosta; and Brooks County Museum, Quitman. Sensitivity both to the needs of persons with disabilities and to the desire to protect the integrity ofhistoric properties leads to the most appropriate accessibility solutions. HPD assists Georgians in preserving historic resources for the use and enjoyment of all the state's citizens. HPD architectural staff provide assistance to communities, organizations, and individuals across the state who are concerned about protecting and using their historic resources. Of special interest is the recentAmericans with Disabilities Act (ADA), which directly impacts places of public accommodation, commercial facilities, and state and local governments. HPD provides guidance on this and other rehabilitation issues by distributing technical information, participating in project consultations, making presentations, and undertaking site visits. A ramp was needed at the rear ofthe 11/ges House (c. 1850) in Columbus to make the building accessible. 23 The 11/ges House after the ramp was added GRANTS The Historic Preservation Division coordinates and makes available funding for preservation projects through three special programs: the federal Historic Preservation Fund (HPF) program, the Georgia Heritage 2000 grant program, and the federal Flood Recovery program. Georgia Heritage 2000 Program During SFY 1994, the Georgia General Assembly appropriated $135,000 for the new Heritage 2000 grant program for downtown and neighborhood revitalization. The program went into effect July 1, 1994. During SFY 1995 a second round of funds were appropriated in the amount of $270,000 The matching 60/40 grants are provided through HPD. According to HPD Director Mark Edwards, these grants "are an important link in the preservation of the state's heritage which is increasingly at risk. " Historic African-American Carswell Grove Baptist Church, located in Jenkins Counl.y, was built in 1919. CASE STUDY: Carswell Grove Baptist Church, Millen, Jenkins County The Carswell Grove Baptist Church is an historic African American church, built in 1919, with cultural roots that pre-date the Civil War. It is located in rural Jenkins County, in close proximity to the Big Buckhead Church (built in the 1850s}, from which it broke off in 1867. A simple one-story frame Gothic revival style building, the Carswell Grove Church is the second building on the site. Oral history indicates that the original church from the 1860s was destroyed in a fire early in this century; however, physical evidence uncovered during the current rehabilitation work gives credence to the theory that the current building may have been built around a remaining core of the original structure. The Georgia Heritage 2000 grant application was prepared with the technical assistance ofthe Central Savannah River Area RDC and the local preservation planner. Grant funds were requested to stabilizethe building; the churchhad been in dire need of stabilization for a number of years. It had never had any substantial alterations, and maintenance had been accomplished as funding was available. With a small and elderly congregation, there had been great concern over foundation problems, roof and steeple leaks, and permanent weatherization simply to secure the interior ofthe building from damage. It was one oftwo projects 24 that received funding in both years of the program and is .an outstanding example of the positive results of cooperation between the private sector and local and state governments. Once funds were awarded, further structural assessment of the building both by HPD staff and the engineering firm of Cranston, Robertson & Whitehurst of Augusta revealed the extremely poor condition of the building: unless comprehensive immediate foundation and roof repairs were undertaken, the building would not survive much longer. A search was undertaken to locate an experienced contractor who could successfully complete a project of this nature. Michael Ray of MR Construction was chosen to undertake this work, under the supervision of the project engineer. The first two phases of stabilization, including foundation and roof repair, were completed between September and December of 1995. Although much work remains to be done on the building-the tin roofmust be replaced within the next few years, the exterior needs to be repainted, and interior repairs must be made-this important building, a physical link to the history of the African-American community in rural Georgia, bas been saved for now. The small amount of Georgia Heritage 2000 funds used to put this building back on the path to its second life bas given the local community time to plan for the future of this almost lost historic resource. Georgia Heritage 2000 Grants Completed SFY 1995 Alexander Hotel-Sl0,000 for Haralson Co. Courthouse- window and porch repair work $15,000 to repair roof and bell Beulah Rucker House & School- tower Sl0,000 for foundation repair and Herndon House-Sl0,000 for a exterior work new roof Blunt House-SJ,000 for a new Mt. Zion Baptist Church- roof $20,000 for anewroofandfoun- Carswell Grove Baptist Church- dation repair SS,000 for a new roofand founda- North Alexander School- tion r e p a i r $20,000 for reroofing Colquitt County Jail-SlS,000 for Possum Poke-SJ,000 to repair window repair and replacement outbuildings Eastman House-$6,000 for exte- Turner County Jail-SlS,000 rior siding repair and new paint forporchand window repairand replacement 25 Georgia Heritage 2000 Grants Awarded SFY 1996 Carswell Grove Baptist Churcb$12,500 for foundation and structural repair Colquitt County Jail-$10,000forwindow replacement Colquitt Theatre-510,000 for window replacement CorraHarris Study and Cbapel-$900 for roof repair George W. DeLoach House-$6,000 for pier and foundation stabiliz.ation Ewell Brown General Merchandise Store-515,000 for roof repair Haven-Munnerlyn United Methodist Church-S4,000 for window repair Historic Quarters 1 at Ft. Benning$25,000 to paint the exterior Johnson County Courtbouse-$19,000 for exterior stabilization and roof repair LeConte-Woodmanston Site--SlS,000 for reconstruction of rice field _ Little Cumberland Island Lighthouse-$25,000 for exterior replastering Old Clarke County Jail-SlS,000 for roof and window rehabilitation Old Stone Churcb-S12,000 for stabiliz.ation and roof repair Old Union County CourthouseSl7,000 for courtroom restoration Owens-Thomas House-Sl0,000 for window restoration St. Paul/Gillespie-Selden Rural Life Center-$14,000 for exterior stabliz.ation Shields-Etheridge Farm-58,000 for roof repair Sumner School-$3,600 forroof repair Tybee Island Lighthouse-S6,000 for structural repairs Woodrow Wilson Boyhood HomeS10,000 for interior plaster repair Historic Preservation Fund (HPF) Program The HPF Program is appropriated annually from Congress to the National Park Service (NPS) to the states. HPD reserves 10 percent ofeach year's appropriation for grants to Certified Local Governments. The 60140 matching grants enable cities, towns, and rural areas to undertake projects that aid in the preservation of historic properties. Projects completed or awarded during SFY 1995 represent a diversity of activities, ranging from National Register nominations and surveys to design guidelines and predevelopment plans. Three development projects were completed during SFY 1995 with special fonds awarded that year. HPF Development Grants Completed in SFY 1995 City ofValdosta-526,100 To repairthe roofand the marquee of the Dosta Theater. City ofMadison-$42,402 Toinstallan elevatorand rehabilitate the restrooms in theMorgan County Courthouse. City of Columbus-$9,200 To install a ramp and other necessary repairs in the Illges House. Historic Preservation Fund (HPF) Grants for Survey and Planning Projects Completed SFY 1995: Awarded SFY 1995: Association County Commissioners of Georgia$3,000 for county courthouse City ofAmericu-$2,800 Historic district design guidelines nomination update. City ofAtben.-SS,000 Atlanta Preservation Center- Historic district design guidelines $4,800 to develop a Civil Rights driving tour brochure. City ofAugusta-516,400 Greene&Telfairstreetsrevitaliz.a- Bartow County-$1,500 for tionplan Bartow County Courthouse predevelopment. Cityof Cedartown-S6,000 Historic district resource booklet City o f Valdosta-S3,948for National Registernominationfor City ofDalton-SS,900 warehouse and minority Thornton Avenue/Murray Hill business district. Street psreservation plan Haralson CountyHistorical CityofJefl'erson-SS,000 Society-Sl,800 for Haralson Co. Multipleresourcenomination Courthouse predevelopment. City ofMarsballville-$2,500 Sacred Heart Cultural Center, Design guidelines Inc.-$8,000 for Sacred Heart Cultural Center predevelopment. City ofMonticello-$6,200 Historic districts nomination Trust for Public Land, Sautee Nacoocbee Valley-$8,000 A feasibility study for Hardman Fann. TbomasCollege-Sl,475 for Red Hills archeology. Walker County-$7,950 for Walker County Survey West Georgia College, Carrollton--$6,000 to prepare Archaic Period (coastal plain and coastal zone ) historic contexts. 26 Flood Recovery Grants Round 1 and II AI.BANY: LYONS: Albany State College LyonsGardenClub-$9,000 DaisyBrownROI'CBldg.-$10,000 119:MainStreet-$2,000 OreneHall-$10,000 207:MainStreet-$3,000 PridgeonComm. Bldp.-$17,000 OldHealthDepartment-$5,000 Riverside &Oakview Cemetery- OldTownSquareFoods-$5,000 $30,000 Cannington, Farmers State Bank RadiumSpringsCasino-$57,000 Building-$5,000 Faulkresidence-$18,000 MACON: Millerresidence-$27,000 Federated Garden Clubs of AMERICUS: Macon-$34,000 RylanderTheater-$28,000 RoundBuilcling-$50,000 GastonPlantation-$4,500 RibieroResidence-$3,800 124/126 W. Forsyth Street-$4,000 MAR5HALLVIl.LE; Dismuke/MinyardStore-$3,300 MarshallvillePublicLibrary- WindsorHotel-$32,000 $9,00) Guerry/Mitchell House-$26,000 MONIE7.lJMA: Williamsresidence-$25,200 Do'Mltown Structural-$118,000 BAINBRIDGE: DowntownFacade-$435,453 Pittman residence-$4,500 Cherry StreetOfficeBldg-$4,500 BLUFFI'ON: Hills Weekend Store-$9,000 IvyManor-$10,000 Marilyn's SalonofBeauty-$4,500 BUENA VISTA: Citiz.en'sNationalBank-$1,000 AblesEstate-$6,000 309Drayton Street-$ 10,000 AblesEstate-$2,000 Jacksonresidence-$12,500 BU1LER: 106 Cheny Street-$2,000 TaylorCountyCrthse.-$33,500 NEWTON: COLUMBUS: BakerCounty Crthse.-$550,000 ColumbusMuseum-$40,000 Alsobrook residence-$7,000 C\J1HBERI': Williamsresidence-$10,000 Muse-GambleHouse-$30,000 Miller/MathisHouse-$25,000 HoodHouse-$5,000 PLAINS: GmmHall-$12,000 DodsonResidence-$10,000 DAWSON: WhatleyR.esidence-$7,000 Pickett House/Grey Gables- Wiley Residence-$10,000 ~0,000 City ofPlains CBD Block Grant- J U N C l l O N CTIY: $89,000 Fielder'sGristMillandGin-$21,000 PlainPeanut Warehouse-$3,500 LUMPKIN: G.F. WtlliamsResidence-$4,000 Bedingfield Inn-$20,000 City Hall-$5,000 OldFuneralHome-$10,000 PRESTON: Trotman Store-$10,000 Old Webster County Jail-$7,500 MoyePlantation-$8,250 SMl1HV1LIE: P J.'s-$4,500 MorganFarm-$4,500 ButtsResidence-$5,000 TALBOTI'ON: OldBankBuilclint;-$6,500 Straus-LevertHall-$7,000 27 Flood Recovery Program HPD's flood recovery program is a prominent and integral part of the disaster recovery effort in Georgia. Centered around a $2.475 million federal grant to provide aid to historic resources damaged during l 994's Tropical Storm Alberto, HPD's program strives to provide funding for structural rehabilitation and repair as well as technical assistance, planning, and educational programs to insure a comprehensive flood recovery approach. Flood recovery grants have been awarded to 65 recipients, benefiting over 100 historic structures and archeological sites. Archeology History can be found both above and below the ground. Almost 18,000 archeological sites in Georgia have been identified Thousands more remain buried, awaiting discovery and ready to reveal information available nowhere else. Archeological sites include simple rock piles, concentrations of broken pottery, prehistoric villages, landscape features, battlefields, or submerged shipwrecks. Many archeological sites are found in conjunction with historic buildings and districts. Archeological sites date from 13,000 years ago and the earliest periods of human occupation in Georgia to contemporary times. SHPO Mark Edwards and HPD staffvisit the Hickory Log Site. CASE STUDY: Hickory Log Site, Cherokee County In the late 1930s, under the Works Progress Administration, UGA archeologist Robert Wauchope surveyed north Georgia for archeological sites. He wanted to know where, when, and how Indians had lived. He hired local men to help him. In spite of supervising hundreds of unskilled laborers, analyzing costs at $.000048 per "unit," and driving a 1 1/2-ton truck "up and down tortuous, muddy red-clay roads," Wauchope found 292 sites. One, the Hickory Log site, was discovered on a knoll above the Eto\\-ah River east of Canton in Cherokee County. By studying its artifacts, he concluded that Indians began living there about 6,000 B.C. They continued to do so until Europeans forced them out around 1830. In 1994, development was proposed for the property. In accordance with environmental law, the developer applied for a federal permit to affect wetlands. Permit review involved protecting important prehistoric and historic sites, as well as natural resources. An HPD reviewer recalled the Hickory Log site, recommending an archeological survey. This was done, and the site was evaluated as archeologically important-eligible for the National Register. The site could not, however, be preserved in place due to constraints ofsloping land, nearby streams, and scale of development. Therefore, to minimize the construction's 28 destructtive effects on the site, archeologists recovered its important infonnation. Historical research identified the Cherokee town of Hickory Log. Reported in 1785, it was shown on an 1819 map. Archeological testing had recovered evidence of 8,000 years of Indian history covering five acres. In June of 1995, a consulting firm, Garrow &Associates, began the final phase ofarcheology. Anticipating the discovery ofhuman burials, appropriate permits were obtained. As Cherokee were the last Indians to live at the site, the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians of North Carolina were consulted as their likely descendants. An agreement was reached with the Eastern Band about how to treat discovered Indian remains. As some Indian burials were discovered, this agreement was helpful. Ten weeks ofarcheology identified four major Indian occupations. Besides thousands ofartifu.cts, morethan 10,750postholes, storage pits, trash pits, and hearths were found. When mapped, patterns not only ofhouse forms appeared, but neighborhoods and villages as well. Through time, different parts ofthe site were used for different things. Between A.D. 750-1000, posthole patterns show a village surrounded by walls of vertical logs, a palisade. Other research gathered information about past environments to see how they had changed. In summary a wealth of information about the Indians ofnorth Georgia was recovered from this site. After all ofthe artifacts and other information are analyzed, a great deal more should be knovm about how the Indians at Hickory Log lived, worked, and died. Volunteers, including HPD staff, donated their time and expertise to help save Hickory Log's important information, and many archeologists visited the site. Members of the Eastern Band also visited the site, and Garrow & Associates opened the site to the public so that the citizens of Canton and Cherokee county could learn about archeology firsthand. Georgia Archeology Awareness Week The Society for Georgia Archaeology's second annual Georgia Archeolo&r Week took place April 30 to May 7, 1995. Cosponsors included HPD, consulting firms, government agencies, and institutions. The theme was "Georgia's Maritime Heritage Rediscovered." A poster showing underwater archeologists excavating four difference types of vessels in Savannah harbor highlighted the event. The Society distributed educational packets to more than 1,000 educators, interpreters, and librarians across the state. 29 ..::::;:::-:-:-:-:- : :::::1j:!ig~ii:::i:i r . .. c:f~f~1iP;~~~,~~~~tt,11>/<. .T.omwGl.i]f1ht:s./:.:.... . Certified Local Governments The Certified Local Government (CLG) program continued to. be administered through a contract with the Office of Preservation Services (OPS) at the University of Georgia. OPS assisted HPD by conducting presentations for preservation commissions, public information meetings, group facilitated goal-setting sessions, design guidelines workshops, neighborhood associations, Main Street programs, elected officials, and community groups. SFY 1995 was a busy year in terms oflocal commission activity in Georgia. Over 15 districts and individual properties were newly designated by local commissions. Many grant-funded activities produced public information material, rehabilitation activities, and historic resource survey and evaluation projects. Several new ordinances were adopted, and many communities began the process of adopting a local ordinance and setting up a preservation commission. Participants in the "Your Town: After the Flood" workshop develop their project. Left to right: Juanita Walton, Michelle Allen, andMaxine Reese. CASE STUDY: Your Town Worksh_ops Unicoi State Park and Americus The ''Your Town: Designing Its Future" workshops were an important project during SFY 1995. These workshops not only affected local preservation in Georgia but influenced decisions across the Southeast. One ofthe workshops was held at Unicoi State Park in December, 1994. It brought together 30 individuals to learn the basics of group decision-making and community design. Stafffrom the Office ofPreservattion Services (OPS) at the University of Georgia, HPD, and the National Trust for Historic Preservation (NTHP) led the workshop, which was so successful it was later applied to the flood-ravaged regions of south and middle Georgia. For ''Your Town: After the Flood," OPS, HPD, and NTIIP's Southern Regional Office brought together decision-makers from the counties flooded by the Flint River for a two-day workshop that equipped them with the tools for making better decisions about the rebuilding oftheir towns. 30 Office of Preservation Services Activities The Office of Preservation Services (OPS) provides Georgia's communities with a source of assistance for most aspects of local preservation planning-especially preservation ordinance -writing and administration-and serves as a clearinghouse for information related to historic resource protection. In addition to assisting HPD, OPS conducts grant projects for other preservation organizations such as the National Alliance ofPreservation Commissions (NAPC), the National Trust for Historic Preservation (NTHP), the National Park Service (NPS), the National Conference of State Historic Preservation Officers (NCSHPO), the National Council ofPreservation Educators, and other state historic preservation offices across the country. During SFY 1995 a new process was initiated for CLG grants. CLGs now must qualify for categories that restrict the kinds of projects they can propose for funding. The new system is intended to establish a logical preservation planning sequence to be followed at the local level. The process mirrors the model planning process suggested by Vision for the Future: The State Historic Preservation Plan. A grant project conducted by OPS in August, 1994, was a significant step forward not only for Georgia's CLGs but for CLGs natiomvide. OPS organized a forum of 36 ofthe 50 state CLG coordinators to brainstorm about the CLG program and discuss CLG issues and concerns common to all 50 states. The forum, sponsored by the NAPC through a grant from NPS, was held in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Ce.rtified Lo~ceaol rGgoi2v1emm. . .ents in. . ... ..::Ii: .~; iI!~Iil .< ~~~~~r~co@fy < lj/ < . . . < KJl!~f@. : < .:;tl .(;:~!l I ... ..< ..Coltunbus :.i...... . ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . %~:: . baitoxi Darien .J. ) ~atiif ):(... : ~f!S? . )/. > ..............D\ .e..F,;~]~:metyrald}) .~ty. . . . . . . . . . . . Hogansville . > .