Guidelines for Eating Fish from Georgia Waters 2001 Update Georgia Department of Natural Resources 205 Butler Street, S.E. Suite 1152 Atlanta, Georgia 30334 iii For more information on fish consumption in Georgia, contact the Georgia Department of Natural Resources. Environmental Protection Division 205 Butler Street, S.E., Suite 1152 Atlanta, GA 30334 (404) 656-4713 Wildlife Resources Division 2123 U.S. Hwy. 278, S.E. Social Circle, GA 30279 (770) 918-6418 Coastal Resources Division One Conservation Way Brunswick, Ga. 31520 (912) 264-7218 -- or -- Check the DNR Web Site At: http://www.dnr.state.ga.us For this booklet: Click on Environmental, Choose Georgia's Environment. Go to fish consumption guidelines. For the current Georgia 2001-2002 Freshwater and Saltwater Sport Fishing Regulations, Click on Wildlife. Choose Fishing Regulations. For more information on Coastal Fisheries and Regulations, Click on Coastal. Choose Recreational Fishing. For information on Household Hazardous Waste (HHW) source reduction, reuse options, proper disposal or recycling, Click on P2AD (Pollution Prevention Assistance), and select HHW listed topics. To Check USEPA and USFDA for Federal Guidance on Fish Consumption USEPA: http://www.epa.gov/ost/fishadvice USFDA: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/seafood.html Image Credits: Covers: NOAA Historic Photo Collection, National Marine Fisheries Service; White Crappie (Front), and Striped Bass, old species name (Back). From The Fisheries and Fisheries Industries of the United States (1880's), Atlases undertaken by Deputy Commissioner George Brown Goode U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) -- , Snowy Egret (p. v), Fisherman (p. 1), Sunfish (p. 2), Raccoon (p. 3), Yellow Bullhead (p. 4), Birds (p. 49), All Line Drawings by Robert Shallenberger, USFWS. Diagram of Fish Fat Areas (p. 6): Taken from U.S. EPA Brochure, Document # EPA-823-B-97-009. i Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Are Georgia's Fish Safe to Eat? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 How Do Georgia's Fish Compare? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 How Do Fish Become Contaminated? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 What is Being Done? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Benefits of Eating Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Risks of Contaminated Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Special Notice for Pregnant Women, Nursing Mothers and Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Guidelines to Reduce Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Using These Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Fish Consumption Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Georgia Public Lakes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Georgia Rivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Georgia Estuarine Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Special Listings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Special Mercury Guidance on King Mackerel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 ii iii Introduction Fishing is a popular pastime in Georgia. Whether you go alone to relax and enjoy nature, with your friends to enjoy camaraderie and "fish tales" or with your family to pass on a sport you learned as a child, fishing is a fun and rewarding sport enjoyed by many people. Not only does fishing give people an excuse to get away from the hustle and bustle of daily life, but it can also put a healthy, satisfying meal on the table. Fish is low in saturated fat, high in protein, and can have substantial health benefits when eaten in place of other high-fat foods. The quality of sport fish caught in Georgia is very good; however, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), mercury, chlordane, DDT residues (DDE/DDD), and dieldrin have been found in some fish. In most cases, the levels of these chemicals are low. However, to help ensure the good health of Georgians, the Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has developed guidelines for how often certain species of fish can be safely eaten. These guidelines are based on the best scientific information and procedures available. As more advanced procedures are developed, these guidelines may change. Also, it is important to keep in mind that these calculations are based on eating fish with similar contamination over a period of 30 years or more. These guidelines are not intended to discourage people from eating fish, but should be used as a guide for choosing to eat fish from Georgia waters. The river basin where tested sites are located has been identified in the tables. The fourteen major river basins in Georgia are shown on the map provided on page 8, preceding the consumption guidance tables. The listings for lakes have been divided into those with a surface area of 500 acres or more, and small lakes and ponds less than 500 acres in size. The Georgia rivers have also been divided into freshwater rivers and creeks, and estuarine systems. An index in provided at the back of the booklet for quick page reference to subjects or tested locations. Are Georgia's Fish Safe to Eat? Yes. The quality of fish in Georgia is good. This booklet provides you with the guidance and recommendations to use in eating fish in a healthy and informed manner. The Georgia Department of Natural Resources (DNR) has one of the most progressive fish testing programs in the southeast. A variety of different fish species were tested for 43 separate contaminants, including metals, organic chemicals and pesticides. Many of these contaminants did not appear in any fish; however, two contaminants, PCBs and mercury, were frequently detected in significant amounts in a few species from some bodies of water in Georgia. Three additional contaminants, chlordane, DDT residues (DDE/DDD), and dieldrin were also detected infrequently. This publication provides you with information on those five contaminants--PCBs, mercury, chlordane, DDE/DDD and dieldrin. In some areas, fish are contaminated with low concentrations of PCBs, which stands for polychlorinated biphenyls. It is now illegal to manufacture PCBs; however, in the past, these synthetic oils were used regularly as fluids for electrical transformers, cutting oils, and carbonless paper. Although they were banned in 1976, they do not break down easily and remain in aquatic sediments for years. Over time levels of PCBs are decreasing. Mercury is a naturally occurring metal that does not break down as it cycles between land, water, and air. As mercury cycles through the environment it is absorbed and ingested by plants and animals. Most of the mercury absorbed or ingested will be returned to the environment but some will remain in the plant and animal tissues. It is not known where the mercury in Georgia's fish originated. Mercury may be present in fish because of the mercury content of soils and rocks in the southeast, from municipal and industrial sources, or from fossil fuel use. Scientific evidence is growing that mercury is transported long distances through the upper atmosphere, making its control a global environmental issue. Although mercury has always been present, scientific research shows that the amount of mercury cycling through the environment has increased significantly following the dawn of the Industrial Revolution in the late 1800s. Fish at one site had enough chlordane to recommend a restriction in consumption. Chlordane is a man-made pesticide used in the U.S. from the late 1940s to the early 1980s. Historically, chlordane was used as an agricultural pesticide, but in 1978 it was restricted to termite control use only. It is now banned for all uses. Chlordane is persistent in the environment and may remain in aquatic sediments for years. iv 1 Fish at one site had enough DDE/DDD residues to recommend a restriction in consumption. The DDE/DDD contaminants are chemical breakdown products of the pesticide DDT. DDT was first synthesized in 1874 and its insecticidal properties were discovered in 1939. In the United States DDT was used extensively until 1969. The U.S. production of DDT was discontinued in 1969. Residues of DDE/DDD are persistent and break down slowly in the environment. Fish at one site had enough dieldrin to recommend a restriction in consumption. Dieldrin is another chlorinated pesticide like chlordane and DDT, and has been restricted from use in the United States. It was used to control corn and citrus pests, termites, and in moth proofing. Dieldrin is persistent in the environment because of the slow breakdown rate. Like PCBs, the chlorinated pesticides do not break down easily and remain in aquatic sediments for years. These organic contaminants tend to concentrate in fat and fatty tissues of fish such as the liver and other organs. Over time levels of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides are decreasing. Some fish in the Savannah River contain the radioactive elements cesium-137 and strontium-90. Exposure to large amounts of these elements may increase the risk of developing cancer. How Do Georgia's Fish Compare? Georgia has one of the most extensive fish monitoring programs in the southeast. This is not because Georgia has highly contaminated fish, but because the DNR has made a serious commitment to evaluate fish quality and provide detailed information to the people of Georgia. Review and comparison of data collected nationally on fish tissue contamination that the U.S.EPA has assembled shows that the quality of fish in Georgia is similar to that in surrounding southeastern states. How Do Fish Become Contaminated? Contaminants get into water as a result of storm water runoff, industrial and municipal discharges, agricultural practices, nonpoint source pollution and other factors. When it rains, chemicals from the land and in the air are washed into the water. Contaminants are carried downstream by rivers and creeks into lakes, reservoirs, and estuaries. Contaminants can get into fish in a variety of ways. Fish absorb PCBs, chlordane and other pesticides from either water, suspended sediments, or their food. These chemicals concentrate in the fat of fish tissue and in fatty fish such as carp and catfish. Cleaning and cooking a fish to remove fat will lower the amount of PCBs, chlordane or other pesticides in a fish meal. Larger, older fish and fish which eat other fish may accumulate more contaminants than smaller, younger fish. Contaminants are not usually detected in panfish such as crappie and bluegill. Once in the water, mercury is converted to methylmercury by bacteria and other processes. Fish absorb methylmercury from their food and from water as it passes over their gills. Mercury is bound to proteins in fish tissue, including muscle. What is Being Done? The DNR is committed to protecting Georgia's rivers, streams, lakes and other waters. Both PCBs and chlordane have been banned and the levels of these chemicals are steadily decreasing over time. The Department began this progressive program to evaluate problem areas and to protect public health by giving people the information they need to make decisions about eating fish from different waters. The DNR's fish testing program is ongoing. Testing on additional lakes and rivers is balanced with retesting of waters where changes may be occurring. Contaminant levels in fish change very slowly and sampling the same species of fish from the same locations over time will allow the DNR to document changes and trends in contamination levels. Georgia has more than 70,150 miles of rivers and streams and more than 425,382 acres of lakes, reservoirs and ponds. It will not be possible for the DNR to sample every stream and lake in the state. However, high priority has been placed on the 26 major reservoirs which make up more than 90% of the total lake acreage. Waterways listed in this guide will continue to be sampled as part of a five year rotating schedule of river basin planning and monitoring to track any trends in fish contaminant levels. The Department has also made sampling fish in rivers and streams downstream of urban and/or industrial areas a high priority. The DNR also focuses attention on areas which are frequented by a large number of anglers. Most lakes and rivers contain a wide variety of fish and selecting which species of fish to test is important. The DNR samples fish that are top predators (high in the food chain) and fish that feed on the bottom. For this reason, largemouth bass and channel catfish are usually the primary species tested. Hybrid bass are also tested in areas with good fisheries for this species. Smaller fish, such as crappie, bluegill and redbreast sunfish, are tested in secondary studies after testing the larger target fish. This is because smaller fish accumulate contaminants more slowly and in smaller amounts than larger fish and bottom feeders. 2 3 To prevent future contamination, the Department seeks to identify pollution sources and to work with industries, cities, farms and others to reduce the threat posed by pollutants. In many cases this means implementing new technologies or practices that eliminate the use or creation of contaminants and thus the need to dispose of or discharge these chemicals. State laws have tough restrictions and penalties for discharge of toxic substances. The DNR is responsible for enforcing these laws in Georgia and for ensuring compliance with these regulations. Individuals can play a role in preventing contamination of Georgia's waters by recycling and disposing of chemicals, such as oil, antifreeze, paint, and other wastes properly. Manufacturers are working to reduce the use of mercury in their products, but it is still found in common household products such as thermostats, electrical switches, thermometers, some batteries, and fluorescent and mercury vapor lamps. To protect Georgia's waterways from contamination, individuals, industries, farmers and others must learn to modify their day-to-day activities and work practices to apply new ways to prevent pollution. The DNR will continue to work closely with these groups to improve water quality in Georgia. Planning, regulations, facilities modernization, public education and other activities will play a major role in protecting Georgia's waters for future generations. Benefits of Eating Fish Fish has long been recognized as a nutritious "protein food". It's nutritional value as a protein source is greater than that for beef, pork, chicken or milk. Additionally, the types and amounts of dietary fats are generally more "heart healthy" than the fats found in other protein foods. Fish is also an important source of the fatty acids which are critical for the development of the brain and nervous system. Fish is an excellent source of several vitamins, and also contributes appreciable amounts of dietary calcium, iron and zinc. These minerals are essential nutrients that tend to be low in people's diets. Many studies suggest that eating fish regularly may help protect against heart and inflammatory diseases. These guidelines are based on a range in fish meal size from 4 to 8 ounces ( to pound). Where the guidelines recommend only 1 meal per week or month, you may prefer to have two smaller meals over that period. Risks of Contaminated Fish These guidelines were designed to protect you from experiencing health problems associated with eating contaminated fish. PCBs, methylmercury, chlordane, DDE/DDD and dieldrin build up in your body over time. It may take months or years of regularly eating contaminated fish to accumulate levels which would affect your health. Keep in mind that these guidelines are based on eating fish with similar contamination over a period of 30 years or more. Current statistics indicate that cancer will affect about one in every four people nationally, primarily due to smoking, diet and hereditary risk factors. If you follow Georgia's consumption guidelines, the contaminants in the fish you eat may not increase your cancer risk at all. At worst, using the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (U.S. EPA) estimates of contaminant potency, your cancer risk from fish consumption should be less than 1 in 10,000. PCBs, chlordane, DDD/DDE and dieldrin can cause cancer in laboratory animals exposed to large amounts, and may cause cancer in humans. Effects other than cancer from these chemicals may include developmental problems in children whose mothers were exposed to them before or during pregnancy. Studies of people who have been exposed to very large quantities of these chemicals (pesticide workers, etc.), have indicated a relationship between high exposures and health effects on the nervous system, digestive system and liver, and the immune system. Exposure to methlymercury has not been linked to cancer. Methylmercury is a concern because of it's potential to damage the nervous system, especially in the developing fetus and young child. The consumption advice provided in this booklet is developed in a conservative manner. It is intended to protect both children and adults from cancer and the other potential toxic effects of these chemicals. Special Notice for Pregnant Women, Nursing Mothers and Children If you are pregnant or a nursing mother, or plan to become pregnant soon, you and children under 6 years of age are sensitive to the effects of contaminants such as mercury. DNR's guidelines are designed to be protective for these sensitive groups. This year, U.S. EPA has issued a national advisory recommending that these sensitive groups limit consumption of all freshwater fish to one meal per week due to mercury. People may wish to follow U.S. EPA's recommendation, especially in areas where DNR has not tested fish and offered detailed guidelines. For most other healthy adults, DNR's recommendations may actually be overly conservative. 5 4 Guidelines to Reduce Risk Keep smaller fish for eating. Generally, larger older fish may be more contaminated than younger, smaller fish. You can minimize your health risk by eating smaller fish (within legal size limits) and releasing the larger fish. Vary the kinds of fish you eat. Contaminants build up in large predators and bottom-feeding fish, like bass and catfish, more rapidly than in other species. By substituting a few meals of panfish, such as perch, sunfish and crappie, you can reduce your risk. Eat smaller meals when you eat big fish and eat them less often. If you catch a big fish, freeze part of the catch (mark container or wrapping with species and location), and space the meals from this fish over a period of time. Clean and cook your fish properly. How you clean and cook your fish can reduce the level of contaminants by as much as half in some fish. Some chemicals have a tendency to concentrate in the fatty tissues of fish. By removing the fish's skin and trimming fillets according to the following diagram, you can reduce the level of chemicals substantially. Mercury is bound to the meat of the fish, so these precautions will not help reduce this contaminant. Remove the skin from fillets or steaks. The internal organs (intestines, liver, roe, and so forth), and skin are often high in fat and contaminants. Trim off the fatty areas shown in black on the drawing. These include the belly fat, side or body fat, and the flesh along the top of the back. Careful trimming can reduce some contaminants by 25 to 50%. Cook fish so fat drips away. Broil, bake or grill fish and do not use the drippings. Deep-fat frying removes some contaminants, but you should discard and not reuse the oil for cooking. Pan frying removes few, if any, contaminants. Using These Guidelines Check the following pages for the area where you fish. The lakes and rivers on the list are arranged in alphabetical order. If your fish or fishing location is NOT in this booklet, follow the suggestions in Guidelines to Reduce Risk . If your fish or fishing location is in the booklet, it does not necessarily mean that there is a contaminants problem, but only that the fish have been tested. Meal advice will depend on what contaminant(s) were found and how much was found in different species and sizes of fish. Follow these instructions carefully. < Measure fish from the tip of the nose to the end of the tail fin. < On the charts find your lake (river) and the species and size of fish you caught. If there is no frequency listed for a particular size fish, that size has not been tested or is illegal to keep. For rivers, the size that was tested was the common creel size for that species. < Listed below are the four different recommended meal frequencies that are possible for different species and sizes of fish. no restriction 1 meal per week 1 meal per month do not eat < For the purposes of these guidelines, one meal is assumed to range from to pound of fish (4-8 ounces) for a 150 pound person. Subtract or add 1 ounce of fish to the range for every 20 pound of body weight. For example, one meal is assumed to be 3 - 7 ounces for a 130 pound person and 5 - 9 ounces for a 170 pound person. 6 7 RIVER BASINS OF GEORGIA Chattahoochee River Basin Flint River Basin Coosa River Basin Tallapoosa River Basin Tennessee River Basin Savannah River Basin Ogeechee River Basin Ochlockonee River Basin Suwannee River Basin Satilla River Basin St. Marys River Basin Oconee River Basin Ocmulgee River Basin Altamaha River Basin 8 Fish Consumption Guidelines The tables for public lakes have been separated into two categories based on size. The first set of lakes are those with a surface area of 500 or more acres. The second listing of public lakes includes those having less than 500 acres in surface area. These include Georgia DNR Public Fishing Areas (PFAs) and State Parks with small lakes and ponds, and municipal or other public fishing impoundments. Georgia Public Lakes 500 Acres or Larger Lake Allatoona Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Black Crappie No Restrictions Carp No Restrictions No Restrictions White Bass 1 meal/week Largemouth Bass No Restrictions Spotted Bass No Restrictions 1 meal/week Golden Redhorse No Restrictions Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions Coosa River Basin Over 16" Chemical 1 meal/week 1 meal/week PCBs PCBs Mercury Mercury Lake Andrews Species Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish Less than 12" 12" - 16" 1 meal/week Chattahoochee River Basin Over 16" Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions Banks Lake Species Less than 12" Largemouth Bass Bluegill Sunfish No Restrictions 12 - 16" 1 meal/month Suwannee River Basin Over 16" Chemical Mercury 9 Lake Blackshear Flint River Basin Species Less than 12" 12 - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass * No Restrictions * No Restrictions Flathead Catfish No Restrictions Spotted Sucker No Restrictions No Restrictions * Only Largemouth Bass 14 inches and longer may be legally retained. Lake Blue Ridge Tennessee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions* 1 meal/week Mercury White Bass 1 meal/week Mercury Channel Catfish No Restrictions 1 meal/week Mercury * Lake Blue Ridge has no minimum size on Largemouth Bass Lake Burton Savannah River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions* No Restrictions 1 meal/week Mercury White Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions Channel Catfish No Restrictions Bluegill Sunfish No Restrictions * Lake Burton has no minimum size on Largemouth Bass Carters Lake Coosa River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions No Restrictions Spotted Bass No Restrictions No Restrictions Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions Walleye No Restrictions No Restrictions Lake Chatuge Species Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish Less than 12" Tennessee River Basin 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions Clarks Hill Lake (J. Strom Thurmond) Savannah River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass 1 meal/week 1 meal/week Mercury Black Crappie No Restrictions No Restrictions White Perch No Restrictions Redear Sunfish No Restrictions Hybrid Bass No Restrictions No Restrictions Striped Bass No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions 1 meal/week Mercury Bullhead No Restrictions Spotted Sucker No Restrictions 10 11 Goat Rock Lake Chattahoochee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions 1 meal/month PCBs, Mercury White Bass 1 meal/month 1 meal/month PCBs Hybrid Bass 1 meal/week 1 meal/month PCBs Spotted Sucker No Restrictions Black Crappie No Restrictions No Restrictions Channel Catfish 1 meal/week 1 meal/month PCBs Lake Harding (Bartletts Ferry) Chattahoochee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass 1 meal/week 1 meal/week PCBs, Mercury Channel Catfish 1 meal/week 1 meal/week 1 meal/month PCBs Crappie No Restrictions No Restrictions Hybrid Bass 1 meal/week 1 meal/month PCBs Lake Hartwell: Tugaloo Arm Savannah River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass 1 meal/week 1 meal/month Mercury Black Crappie No Restrictions No Restrictions Hybrid/Striped No Restrictions 1 meal/month Bass Do Not Eat PCBs Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions 1 meal/month PCBs Carp 1 meal/week Mercury Lake Hartwell: Main Body, Georgia/South Carolina Listing Savannah River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass 1 meal/month 1 meal/month PCBs Hybrid/Striped Bass Do Not Eat Do Not Eat Do Not Eat PCBs Channel Catfish 1 meal/month 1 meal/month 1 meal/month PCBs Information on Main Body ((M) Downlake of Andersonville Island) provided courtesy of the South Carolina DHEC (Ph.: 1-888-849-7241) to ensure consistency of guidance. High Falls Lake Ocmulgee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions 1 meal/week PCBs Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions 1 meal/week PCBs Redear Sunfish No Restrictions Hybrid Bass No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions Black Crappie No Restrictions No Restrictions Jackson Lake Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Largemouth Bass No Restrictions Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions Black Crappie No Restrictions Redear Sunfish No Restrictions Ocmulgee River Basin Over 16" Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury 1 meal/week PCBs 12 13 Lake Juliette Ocmulgee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions* No Restrictions No Restrictions Redear Sunfish No Restrictions Bullhead species No Restrictions * * Lake Juliette has no minimum size on Largemouth Bass Lake Sydney Lanier Chattahoochee River Basin (Chattahoochee and Chestatee Arms and Main Body all Assessed and Found to have comparable residue levels of mercury ) Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Striped Bass No Restrictions 1 meal/week Mercury Spotted Bass * 1 meal/week * 1 meal/week Mercury Largemouth Bass * 1 meal/week * 1 meal/week Mercury White Catfish No Restrictions Channel Catfish No Restrictions 1 meal/week Mercury Carp 1 meal/month PCBs Bluegill Sunfish No Restrictions Black Crappie No Restrictions * Only Largemouth, Spotted and Shoal Bass 14 inches and longer may be legally retained. Lake Nottely Tennessee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16 " Over 16 " Chemical Largemouth Bass 1 meal/week 1 meal/week Mercury Striped Bass 1 meal/week Mercury Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions Black Crappie No Restrictions 14 Lake Oconee Oconee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16 " Over 16 " Chemical Largemouth Bass * No Restrictions * No Restrictions * 1 meal/week Mercury Hybrid Bass No Restrictions No Restrictions Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions White Catfish No Restrictions Black Crappie No Restrictions * Only Largemouth Bass between 6 and 11 inches, and 14 inches or longer may be legally retained. Lake Oliver Species Largemouth Bass Less than 12" 12" - 16 " 1 meal/week Channel Catfish Striped Bass Bluegill Sunfish Redear Sunfish No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions Chattahoochee River Basin Over 16 " Chemical 1 meal/week PCBs, Mercury 1 meal/week PCBs Lake Rabun Species Less than 12" 12" - 16 " Largemouth Bass No Restrictions White Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions Bluegill Sunfish No Restrictions Savannah River Basin Over 16 " Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury 15 Lake Richard B. Russell Species Less than 12" 12" - 16 " Largemouth Bass No Restrictions Black Crappie No Restrictions No Restrictions Sunfish No Restrictions Bluegill Sunfish No Restrictions White Perch No Restrictions Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions Bullhead No Restrictions Savannah River Basin Over 16 " Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury Lake Seminole Chattahoochee/Flint River Basin (Apalachicola) Species Less than 12" 12" - 16 " Over 16 " Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions 1 meal/week Mercury Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions Bullhead No Restrictions 1 meal/week Mercury Spotted Sucker No Restrictions No Restrictions Lake Sinclair Oconee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16 " Over 16 " Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions No Restrictions Hybrid Bass No Restrictions No Restrictions Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions Black Crappie No Restrictions Lake Tobesofkee Ocmulgee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16 " Over 16 " Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions 1 meal/week Mercury Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions Lake Tugalo Savannah River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16 " Over 16 " Chemical Largemouth Bass 1 meal/month 1 meal/month Mercury White Catfish No Restrictions Bluegill Sunfish No Restrictions Lake Varner (Cornish Creek Reservoir, Newton County) Ocmulgee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16 " Over 16 " Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions Channel Catfish No Restrictions Lake Walter F. George (Eufaula) Chattahoochee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16 " Over 16 " Chemical Largemouth Bass * * No Restrictions Hybrid Bass No Restrictions No Restrictions Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions Black Crappie No Restrictions Spotted Sucker No Restrictions No Restrictions * Only Largemouth Bass 14 inches and longer may be legally retained. 16 17 West Point Lake Chattahoochee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16 " Over 16 " Chemical Largemouth Bass * * 1 meal/week PCBs, Mercury Hybrid Bass No Restrictions 1 meal/week 1 meal/week PCBs Channel Catfish 1 meal/week 1 meal/week PCBs Carp 1 meal/week PCBs Black Crappie No Restrictions Only Largemouth Bass 16 inches and longer may be legally retained. Lake Worth (Flint River Reservoir) Species Less than 12" Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish Flathead Catfish Spotted Sucker Flint River Basin 12" - 16 " Over 16 " Chemical No Restrictions 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions Georgia Public Lakes and Ponds Less Than 500 Acres in Size Lake Acworth Coosa River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions 1 meal/week Mercury Bluegill Sunfish No Restrictions City of Adairsville Pond Species Less than 12" Carp 12" - 16" No Restrictions Coosa River Basin Over 16" Chemical Albany By-Pass Pond Species Less than 12" Largemouth Bass Brown Bullhead 12" - 16" 1 meal/week 1 meal/week Flint River Basin Over 16" Chemical 1 meal/week DDE/DDD DDE/DDD Allen Creek Wildlife Management Area, Ponds A and B Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Largemouth Bass No Restrictions Bluegill Sunfish No Restrictions Oconee River Basin Over 16" Chemical Lake Bennett (Charlie Elliot Wildlife Center) Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Largemouth Bass * 1 meal/week* * Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise. Oconee River Basin Over 16" Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury 18 19 Big Haynes Reservoir Species Less than 12" Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish No Restrictions 12" - 16" 1 meal/month 1 meal/week Ocmulgee River Basin Over 16" Chemical Mercury Mercury Big Lazer PFA (Gum Creek Impoundment) Flint River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass * No Restrictions * 1 meal/week Mercury Channel Catfish No Restrictions * Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise. Bowles C. Ford Lake, City of Savannah Savannah River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions No Restrictions White Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions Brasstown Valley Kids Fishing Pond Species Less than 12" Bluegill Sunfish No Restrictions 12" - 16" Tennessee River Basin Over 16" Chemical Bush Field Airport, Augusta: Unnamed Pond Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Largemouth Bass No Restrictions 1 meal/week Bluegill Sunfish No Restrictions Savannah River Basin Over 16" Chemical Mercury 20 Clayton County Water Authority: Blalock Reservoir Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Largemouth Bass No Restrictions Black Crappie No Restrictions Ocmulgee River Basin Over 16" Chemical Clayton County Water Authority: J.W. Smith Reservoir Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Largemouth Bass No Restrictions Redear Sunfish No Restrictions Flint River Basin Over 16" Chemical Clayton County Water Authority: Shamrock Reservoir Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Largemouth Bass No Restrictions Bluegill Sunfish No Restrictions Ocmulgee River Basin Over 16" Chemical Dodge County PFA (Steve Bell Lake) Ocmulgee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12 - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass * No Restrictions * No Restrictions Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions * Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise. Evans County PFA Ogeechee Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass * No Restrictions * 1 meal/week Mercury Channel Catfish No Restrictions * Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise. 21 Fort Yargo State Park Lake (Marburg Cr. Watershed Proj.) Oconee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions No Restrictions Carp No Restrictions Ken Gardens Lake (Albany, Georgia) Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Largemouth Bass No Restrictions Channel Catfish No Restrictions Flint River Basin Over 16" Chemical Little Ocmulgee State Park Lake (Gum Creek Swamp)) Ocmulgee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass 1 meal/month Mercury Brown Bullhead 1 meal/week Mercury Lake Mayer (City of Savannah) Ogeechee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass No Restrictions Redear Sunfish No Restrictions Speckled Bullhead No Restrictions No Restrictions McDuffie PFA (East Watershed Ponds) Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Largemouth Bass * No Restrictions * Channel Catfish No Restrictions * Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise. Savannah River Basin Over 16" Chemical 22 McDuffie PFA (West Watershed Ponds) Savannah River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass * 1 meal/week * 1 meal/week Mercury Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions * Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise. Nancy Town Lake (Habersham County) Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Bream 1 meal/week Savannah River Basin Over 16" Chemical Chlordane Lake Olmstead (Richmond County) Species Less than 12" Largemouth Bass Spotted Sucker 12" - 16" No Restrictions No Restrictions Savannah River Basin Over 16" Chemical Paradise PFA (Horseshoe 4) Species Less than 12" Channel Catfish 12" - 16" Suwannee River Basin Over 16" Chemical No Restrictions Paradise PFA (Lake Patrick) Suwannee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Over 16" Chemical Largemouth Bass * No Restrictions * No Restrictions Brown Bullhead No Restrictions No Restrictions * Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise. 23 Payton Park Pond, Valdosta Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Largemouth Bass No Restrictions Bluegill Sunfish No Restrictions Suwannee River Basin Over 16" Chemical Reed Bingham State Park Lake Species Less than 12" Largemouth Bass White Catfish 12" - 16" 1 meal/month Suwannee River Basin Over 16" Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/month Mercury Lake Rutledge (Hard Labor Creek State Park) Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Largemouth Bass No Restrictions Channel Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions Oconee River Basin Over 16" Chemical Lake Seed Species Bluegill Sunfish Less than 12" No Restrictions 12" - 16" Savannah River Basin Over 16" Chemical Sheppard Lake (Charlie Elliot Wildlife Center) Species Less than 12" 12" - 16" Largemouth Bass * No Restrictions * * Minimum size is 14 inches unless posted otherwise. Oconee River Basin Over 16" Chemical Stone Mountain Lake Ocmulgee River Basin Species Less than 12" 12" - 16 " Over 16 " Chemical Largemouth Bass 1 meal/week Mercury Catfish No Restrictions No Restrictions Treutlen County PFA (Sand Hill Lake) Species Less than 12" 12" - 16 " Largemouth Bass 1 meal/month Lake Chubsucker 1 meal/week 1 meal/month Altamaha River Basin Over 16 " Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury Mercury Tribble Mill Lake, Gwinnett County Species Less than 12" Largemouth Bass No Restrictions Black Crappie No Restrictions Bluegill Sunfish No Restrictions 12" - 16 " 1 meal/week Ocmulgee River Basin Over 16 " Chemical Mercury 24 25 Georgia Rivers Please note that the consumption guidelines for Georgia rivers are presented in a different format from the lake charts. Due to the flow of rivers, the site tested is important to the consumption guidelines. Consumption guidelines may vary from one stretch of river to another. The fish tested was the common creel size for the location and species. Freshwater rivers and creeks are tabulated first, followed by listings for Georgia tidal estuarine systems. Georgia Freshwater Rivers and Creeks Alapaha River (Tifton to Stockton) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass U.S.Hwys. 82 to 84 Spotted Sucker See Above Redbreast Sunfish See Above Suwannee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions Alapaha River (Near State Line) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Near Statenville Bullhead See Above Suwannee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/month Mercury Alapahoochee River (Near State Line) Species Site Tested Bullhead Echols County Suwannee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury Alcovy River Species Spotted Sucker Chain Pickerel Site Tested Arrowhatchee Farms See Above Ocmulgee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions 26 Allatoona Creek, Cobb County Species Site Tested Spotted Bass Ga. Hwy. 176 Alabama Hog Sucker See Above Coosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury Altamaha River, Near Baxley and Near Jesup, Ga. Altamaha River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass U.S. Hwy 1 1 meal/week Mercury Channel Catfish See Above 1 meal/week Mercury Flathead Catfish See Above 1 meal/week Mercury Largemouth Bass U.S. Hwys 25/84 1 meal/week Mercury Channel Catfish See Above No Restrictions Flathead Catfish See Above 1 meal/week Mercury Apalachee River Species Largemouth Bass Channel Catfish Site Tested Apalachee Beach See Above Oconee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions Beaver Creek (Tributary to Patsiliga Creek) Species Site Tested Yellow Bullhead Taylor County Flint River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury Boen Creek Species Bluehead Chub Site Tested Rabun County Savannah River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions 27 Brasstown Creek Species Northern Hog Sucker Site Tested Towns County Tennessee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Brier Creek (Burke County) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Ga. Hwy. 56 Spotted Sucker See Above Savannah River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury Broad River Species Channel Catfish Flathead Catfish Site Tested Ga. Hwy 17 See Above Savannah River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions Buffalo Creek Species Bluegill Sunfish Site Tested Carroll County Tallapoosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Butternut Creek Species Hog Sucker Site Tested Union County Tennessee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Cane Creek (Wimpy's Air Field) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Lumpkin County Chattahoochee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions 28 Canoochee River (Above Ft. Stewart) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass U.S. Hwy. 280 Channel Catfish See Above Redbreast Sunfish See Above Ogeechee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury Canoochee River (At & Below Ft. Stewart) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Below Canoochee Creek (Taylor Creek) Channel Catfish See Above Ogeechee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/month Mercury Casey Canal (Tributary to Hayners Cr. / Vernon River) Ogeechee River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass Eisenhower Dr. No Restrictions Bluegill Sunfish See Above No Restrictions Stripped Mullet See Above 1 meal/week Dieldrin Chattahoochee River (Near Helen, and Above Lake Lanier) Species Site Tested Redeye Bass Ga. Hwy 75, Helen Snail Bullhead See Above Golden Redhorse See Above Largemouth Bass Belton Bridge Road Channel Catfish See Above Chattahoochee River Basin Recommendation 1 meal/week 1 meal/week 1 meal/week 1 meal/month No Restrictions Chemical Mercury Mercury Mercury Mercury 29 Chattahoochee River (Buford Dam to Morgan Falls Dam) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Multiple, Dam to Dam Carp See Above Brown Trout See Above Rainbow Trout See Above Chattahoochee River Basin Recommendation 1 meal/week No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions Chemical Mercury Chattahoochee River (Morgan Falls Dam to Peachtree Creek) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Below Morgan Falls Carp See Above Brown Trout See Above Jumprock Sucker See Above Chattahoochee River Basin Recommendation No Restrictions 1 meal/month No Restrictions No Restrictions Chemical PCBs Chattahoochee River (Peachtree Creek to Franklin, Ga.) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Multiple Sites Spotted Bass See Above Carp See Above Channel Catfish See Above Striped Bass See Above White Sucker See Above Chattahoochee River Basin Recommendation 1 meal/week No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions 1 meal/month No Restrictions Chemical Mercury PCBs 30 Chattahoochee River (West Point Dam to Interstate 85) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Below Dam Spotted Bass See Above Flat Bullhead Catfish See Above Chattahoochee River Basin Recommendation No Restrictions 1 meal/week No Restrictions Chemical Mercury Chattahoochee River Chattahoochee River Basin (Oliver Dam to Oswichee Creek, Chattahoochee County) Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass Below Eagle Phoenix Dam No Restrictions Channel Catfish See Above 1 meal/week PCBs Chattahoochee River Chattahoochee River Basin (Chattahoochee County to Stewart County; Oswichee Creek to Omaha, Ga.) Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass Oswichee Creek No Restrictions Spotted Sucker See Above No Restrictions Crappie See Above No Restrictions Channel Catfish See Above No Restrictions Chattahoochee River (Early County) Species Site Tested Hybrid Bass Downstream of Plant Farley Chattahoochee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions 31 Chattanooga Creek Species Bluegill Sunfish Northern Hog Sucker Site Tested Ga. Hwy 193 See Above Tennessee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions Chattooga River (Northwest Georgia) Species Site Tested Bluegill Sunfish Chattoogaville Black Crappie See Above Coosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions Chickamauga Creek (East and South) Species Site Tested Rock Bass Ga. Hwy 2 Redbreast Sunfish See Above Tennessee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions Chickamauga Creek (West) Species Site Tested Spotted Bass Ga. Hwy 2 Redbreast Sunfish See Above Tennessee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions Chickasawhatchee Creek, WMA near Elmodel, Ga. Flint River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Spotted Sucker Wildlife Mgm't Area No Restrictions 32 Coleman River, Near Mouth, Rabun County Species Site Tested Rainbow Trout Near Tate City Rd. Savannah River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Conasauga River: Near State Line; and Below Dalton Coosa River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Rainbow Trout Upstream Rough Cr. No Restrictions White Bass Old Tilton Bridge 1 meal/month PCBs Smallmouth Buffalo See Above 1 meal/month PCBs, Mercury Coosa River Species Smallmouth Buffalo Largemouth Bass Striped Bass Spotted Bass Channel Catfish Blackie Crappie Site Tested Rome to State Line See Above See Above See Above See Above See Above Coosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month PCBs 1 meal/week PCBs 1 meal/month PCBs No Restrictions 1 meal/month PCBs 1 meal/week PCBs Daniels Creek (Dade County) Species Site Tested Bluegill Sunfish Cloudland Canyon State Park Tennessee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Dukes Creek (Near Helen) Species Site Tested Rainbow Trout Near Ga.Hwy. 75 Chattahoochee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions 33 Etowah River (Dawson County) Species Site Tested Blacktail Redhorse Kelly Bridge Road Coosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury Etowah River (Above Lake Allatoona, Cherokee County) Coosa River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Spotted Bass York Street 1 meal/week Mercury Golden Redhorse See Above No Restrictions Etowah River (Below Lake Allatoona, Bartow/Floyd Co.s) Coosa River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Channel Catfish U.S. Hwy. 411 No Restrictions Largemouth Bass See Above 1 meal/week Mercury Striped Bass See Above No Restrictions Spotted Bass See Above 1 meal/week PCBs, Mercury Bluegill Sunfish See Above No Restrictions Smallmouth Buffalo See Above 1 meal/month PCBs Flint River (Spalding/Fayette Counties) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Ga. Hwy. 92 Spotted Sucker See Above Flint River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions Flint River (Meriwether/Pike/Upson Counties) Species Site Tested Shoal Bass Ga. Hwy. 18 Channel Catfish See Above Flathead Catfish See Above Flint River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions No Restriction Flint River (Taylor County) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass U.S. Hwy. 80 Channel Catfish See Above Shoal Bass See Above Flint River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions No Restrictions Flint River (Above Lake Blackshear, Macon/Dooly Co.s) Flint River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass Oglethorpe, Ga. Hwy 49 1 meal/week Mercury Channel Catfish See Above No Restrictions Flint River (Below Lake Blackshear, Worth/Lee Co.s) Flint River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass No. Albany, Ga. Hwy 32 1 meal/week Mercury Channel Catfish See Above No Restrictions 34 35 Flint River (Dougherty/Baker/Mitchell Counties) Flint River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass Below Albany & Merck No Restrictions Sucker See Above No Restrictions Flathead Catfish See Above No Restrictions Goldmine Branch (Tributary to Warwoman Cr.) Savannah River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Brook Trout Rabun County No Restrictions Gum Creek Species Largemouth Bass Carp Site Tested Crisp County See Above Flint River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury No Restriction Ichawaynochaway Creek Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Cordays Millpond Spotted Sucker See Above Flint River Basin Recommendatio Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury No Restriction Jacks River (Fannin County) Species Site Tested Brown Trout Watson Gap Coosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Jones Creek (U.S. Forest Service Rd. 28-1) Species Site Tested Brown Trout Lumpkin County Coosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Kinchafoonee Creek (Sumter/Lee Counties) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Ga. Hwys 49 to 118 Spotted Sucker See Above Flint River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury Little Dry Creek (Floyd County) Species Site Tested Bluegill Sunfish Near Rome Coosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Little River (Above & Below Rocky Cr., Wilkes Co.) Savannah River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass Above Rocky Creek 1 meal/week Mercury Silver Redhorse See Above No Restrictions Largemouth Bass Below Rocky Creek 1 meal/week Mercury Spotted Sucker See Above No Restrictions Little River (West of Valdosta, Lowndes County) Suwannee River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass Above Ga. Hwy 133 1 meal/week Mercury Spotted Sucker See Above No Restrictions 36 37 Little Tallapoosa River Species Largemouth Bass Black Crappie Brown Bullhead Site Tested U.S. Hwy. 27 See Above See Above Tallapoosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions Little Tennessee River (Rabun County) Tennessee River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Mixed Bass/Sunfish Above John Kelly Rd. No Restrictions Mixed Sucker Spp. See Above No Restrictions Mixed Bass/Sunfish Species: Rock Bass, Redbreast and Green Sunfish Mixed Sucker Species: Black Redhorse, Striped Jumprock and Northern Hog Sucker Middle Oconee River (Above and Below Athens, Clarke Co.) Oconee River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Redbreast Sunfish U.S. Hwy 29, (Above) No Restrictions Spotted Sucker See Above No Restrictions Silver Redhorse Below Barber Creek No Restrictions Mill Creek (Whitfield County) Species Site Tested Spotted Sucker Near Dalton Redbreast Sunfish See Above Coosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions Moccasin Creek (Lake Burton Hatchery) Species Site Tested Rainbow Trout DNR Hatchery Savannah River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions 38 Muckalee Creek (Sumter/Lee Counties) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass McLittle Bridge Rd. To Ga. Hwy 118 Spotted Sucker See Above Flint River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions Mud Creek, Near Powder Springs, Cobb County Chattahoochee River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Alabama Hog Sucker Ga. Hwy 360 No Restrictions Bluegill Sunfish See Above No Restrictions Nickajack Creek, Cobb County Species Site Tested Alabama Hog Sucker Cooper Lake Road Bluegill Sunfish See Above Chattahoochee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions Noonday Creek Species Alabama Hog Sucker Redbreast Sunfish Site Tested Cobb County See Above Coosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions North Oconee River (Above and Below Athens, Clarke Co.) Oconee River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Redbreast Sunfish Newton Bridge Road No Restrictions Redbreast Sunfish Whitehall Rd. (Below) No Restrictions Flat Bullhead See Above No Restrictions 39 Ochlockonee River (Moultrie to Thomasville) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Above Thomasville White Catfish See Above Ochlockonee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury Ochlockonee River (Thomasville to State Line) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Ga. Hwy. 93 Spotted Sucker See Above Ochlockonee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury Ocmulgee River (Butts/Monroe Counties) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Below Lloyd Shoals Dam, Lake Jackson Brown Bullhead See Above Ocmulgee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions Ocmulgee River (Bibb County) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass 6 Miles Downstream of Tobesofkee Creek Flathead Catfish See Above Channel Catfish See Above Ocmulgee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury 1 meal/month No Restrictions PCBs, Mercury Ocmulgee River (Houston/Twiggs Counties) Species Site Tested Channel Catfish Ga. Hwy. 96 Flathead Catfish See Above Ocmulgee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions 40 Ocmulgee River (Pulaski County) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Hawkinsville Channel Catfish See Above Ocmulgee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions Ocmulgee River (Wilcox/Telfair Counties) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass U.S. Hwy 280 Flathead Catfish See Above Ocmulgee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury Ocmulgee River (Telfair/Wheeler Counties) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass U.S. Hwy 341 Flathead Catfish See Above Ocmulgee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury Oconee River (Oconee and Greene Counties) Confluence of North and Middle Oconee to Lake Oconee Oconee River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass Above Barnett Shoals 1 meal/week Mercury Silver Redhorse See Above 1 meal/week Mercury Oconee River (Baldwin/Wilkinson Counties) Species Site Tested Flathead Catfish Milledgeville to Dublin Largemouth Bass See Above Channel Catfish See Above Oconee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions 41 Oconee River (Laurens County) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass I-16 Spotted Sucker See Above Channel Catfish See Above Oconee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions Ogeechee River (Washington County) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Ga. Hwy 88 Spotted Sucker See Above Ogeechee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury Ogeechee River (Jefferson County; Louisville) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass U.S. Hwy 1 Spotted Sucker See Above Ogeechee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury Ogeechee River (Burke County; Midville) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Ga. Hwy. 56 Redbreast Sunfish See Above Ogeechee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury 42 Ogeechee River (Bulloch County; near Oliver) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Ga. Hwy. 24 (south crossing) Chain Pickerel See Above Channel Catfish See Above Bowfin See Above Spotted Sucker See Above Ogeechee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury 1 meal/week No Restrictions 1 meal/week 1 meal/week Mercury Mercury Mercury Ogeechee River (Bryan County) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Ga. Hwy 204 Redbreast Sunfish See Above Ogeechee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury Ogeechee River (Near Ft. McAllister) Species Site Tested Mullet Fort McAllister Ogeechee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Ohoopee River (Near Oak Park, Ga.) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass I-16 Redbreast Sunfish See Above Altamaha River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury Ohoopee River (Near Reidsville, Ga., Tattnall Co.) Altamaha River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass Ga. Hwys 280 to 56 1 meal/month Mercury Redbreast Sunfish See Above 1 meal/week Mercury Spotted Sucker See Above 1 meal/week Mercury 43 Okefenokee Swamp (Stephen Foster State Park) Suwannee River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Bowfin Billy's "Lake" 1 meal/month Mercury Flier (sunfish) See Above 1 meal/week Mercury Olley Creek, Near Austell, Cobb County Species Site Tested Large Scale Stoneroller Clay Road Redbreast Sunfish See Above Chattahoochee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions Oostanaula River (Floyd/Gordon Counties) Species Site Tested Smallmouth Buffalo Ga. Hwy 156, Calhoun Bluegill Sunfish Spotted Bass Bluegill Sunfish Largemouth Bass Striped Bass Smallmouth Buffalo Channel Catfish See Above Ga. Hwy 140 See Above See Above See Above See Above See Above Coosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week PCBs, Mercury No Restrictions 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions 1 meal/week PCBs 1 meal/month PCBs No Restrictions 1 meal/week PCBs Patsiliga Creek (Upstream of Beaver Creek, Taylor Co.) Flint River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass From McCants Millpond to Ga. Hwy 108 No Restrictions Spotted Sucker See Above No Restrictions Chain Pickerel See Above 1 meal/week Mercury 44 Patsiliga Creek (Downstream of Beaver Creek) Flint River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Bass Spp. * Taylor County 1 meal/month Mercury Sucker Spp. * See Above 1 meal/week Mercury *Bass were Largemouth and Shoal Bass; Suckers were Grayfin Redhorse, Spotted Sucker and Greater Jumprock Pipe Makers Canal (Near Savannah, Georgia) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Chatham County Savannah River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury Ponder Branch (Walker County, Villanow) Species Site Tested Redeye Bass Ga. Hwy 136 Coosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Proctor Creek, Near Acworth, Cobb County Coosa River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Green Sunfish Ga. Hwy 293, Old US 41 No Restrictions Satilla River (Near Waycross, Ware/Brantley Co.s) Satilla River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass U.S. Hwy 84 1 meal/month Mercury Redbreast Sunfish See Above 1 meal/week Mercury Channel Catfish U.S. Hwy 301 1 meal/week Mercury 45 Satilla River (Folkston, Burnt Fort, Charlton/Camden Co.s) Satilla River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass Ga. Hwy. 252 1 meal/month Mercury Redbreast Sunfish See Above 1 meal/month Mercury Savannah River (Columbia County) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Above New Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam Spotted Sucker See Above Savannah River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury Savannah River (Richmond/Burke Counties) Savannah River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass Downstream of New Savannah Bluff Lock & Dam 1 meal/week Mercury Sucker See Above No Restrictions Specific fish consumption guidelines have not been issued for the radionuclides cesium-137 and strontium-90, in the Savannah River (Burke & Screven Counties), adjacent to the Savannah River Site (SRS). The guidelines based on mercury were evaluated and deemed to be protective. Savannah River (Screven County) Savannah River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass U.S. Hwy 301 1 meal/week Mercury Redear Sunfish See Above No Restrictions Channel Catfish See Above No Restrictions Specific fish consumption guidelines have not been issued for the radionuclides cesium-137 and strontium-90, in the Savannah River (Burke & Screven Counties), adjacent to the Savannah River Site (SRS). The guidelines based on mercury were evaluated and deemed to be protective. 46 Savannah River (Effingham County) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Ga. Hwy 119 Channel Catfish See Above Savannah River (Fort Howard) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Near Rincon White Catfish See Above Redbreast Sunfish See Above Bowfin See Above Savannah River (Chatham County) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass U.S. Hwy. 17 Channel Catfish See Above Savannah River (Tidal Gate) Species Site Tested Red Drum Tidal Gate White Catfish See Above Sewell Mill Creek, Cobb County Species Site Tested Alabama Hog Sucker Ga. Hwy 120 Bluegill Sunfish See Above Savannah River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury No Restrictions Savannah River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions 1 meal/month Mercury Savannah River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions Savannah River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions 1 meal/week Mercury Chattahoochee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions 47 Short Creek (Warren County) Species Site Tested Sunfish Warren County Ogeechee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury Slab Camp Creek (Oconee County) Species Site Tested Greater Jumprock Watson Spring Road Redbreast Sunfish See Above Oconee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions South River (Henry County) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Snapping Shoals Silver Redhorse See Above Ocmulgee River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week PCBs No Restrictions South River (Butts/Newton County Line) Species Site Tested Channel Catfish Below Snapping Shoals Ocmulgee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions South River (Butts County) Species Site Tested Black Crappie Ga. Hwy. 36 Largemouth Bass See Above Channel Catfish See Above Redbreast Sunfish See Above Ocmulgee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions Spring Creek (Seminole/Decatur/Miller Counties) Flint River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass Ga. Hwy. 84 1 meal/week Mercury Spotted Sucker See Above No Restrictions Stamp Creek (Cherokee County) Species Site Tested Rainbow Trout Pine Log WMA Coosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Stekoa Creek Species Striped Jumprock Site Tested Rabun County Savannah River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions St. Marys River (Charlton County) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass Near St. George Redbreast Sunfish See Above St. Marys River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/month Mercury 1 meal/week Mercury St. Marys River (Camden County) Species Site Tested Largemouth Bass U.S. Hwy. 17 Redbreast Sunfish See Above St. Marys River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury No Restrictions 48 49 Suwannee River (Off Ga. Hwy. 177, Clinch/Ware Co.s) Suwannee River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Largemouth Bass Short Camp Road 1 meal/month Mercury Bullhead Catfish See Above 1 meal/week Mercury Chain Pickerel See Above 1 meal/week Mercury Swamp Creek (Whitfield County) Species Site Tested Redeye Bass Redwine Cove Road Coosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical 1 meal/week Mercury Talking Rock Creek (Downtown Talking Rock, Pickens Co.) Coosa River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Redeye Bass Near Fire Department 1 meal/week Mercury Tallapoosa River Species Blacktail Redhorse Bluegill Sunfish Site Tested U.S. Hwy. 27 See Above Tallapoosa River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions No Restrictions Tallulah River, Towns County Species Site Tested Rainbow Trout Charlies Creek Road Savannah River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Tributary to Hudson River (Alto, Ga., Banks County) Savannah River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Redeye Bass Below Alto Prison 1 meal/week Mercury Brown Bullhead See Above No Restrictions 50 Upatoi Creek Species Grayfin Redhorse Site Tested Above Mouth Chattahoochee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Withlacoochee River (Hahira to State Line, Berrien/Lowndes Counties) Suwannee River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Redbreast Sunfish Ga. Hwy 122 1 meal/week Mercury Largemouth Bass Near Clyattville 1 meal/month Mercury Redbreast Sunfish See Above 1 meal/week Mercury Yahoola Creek (Consolidated Goldmine) Species Site Tested Alabama Hog Sucker Lumpkin County Chattahoochee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions Yellow River Species Flat Bullhead Catfish Site Tested Porterdale Dam Ocmulgee River Basin Recommendation Chemical No Restrictions 51 Georgia Estuarine Systems Estuaries and freshwaters in Georgia are included in the watersheds of 14 different river basins, using the United States Geological Survey Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC), cataloging system. Estuarine systems often communicate with adjoining basins due to natural interconnections and manmade structures and actions such as causeways, tidal gates and dredging. Terry Creek is technically in the Satilla River Basin, but because of tidal dynamics, water exchange occurs between it and the Altamaha River system. Turtle River System: Purvis and Gibson Creeks, (St. Simons Estuary) Satilla River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Blue Crab, Clams, Mussels, Oysters, Shrimp, and other seafood Purvis & Gibson Creeks Do Not Eat PCBs, Mercury Upper Turtle & Buffalo Rivers (St. Simons Estuary) Satilla River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Shrimp Blue Crab Turtle and Buffalo Rivers,Upriver of Georgia Hwy 303 No Restrictions 1 meal/week PCBs, Mercury Flounder 1 meal/week PCBs, Mercury Red Drum 1 meal/week PCBs, Mercury Croaker 1 meal/month PCBs, Mercury Spotted Seatrout 1 meal/month PCBs, Mercury Black Drum Do Not Eat PCBs, Mercury Clams, Mussels, Oysters Do Not Eat Shellfish Ban * * Shellfish Ban per the National Shellfish Sanitation Program 52 Middle Turtle River (St. Simons Estuary) Satilla River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Shrimp Flounder State Hwy 303 to Channel Marker 9 No Restrictions 1 meal/week PCBs, Mercury Black Drum 1 meal/month PCBs, Mercury Red Drum 1 meal/month PCBs, Mercury Spotted Seatrout 1 meal/month PCBs, Mercury Croaker 1 meal/month PCBs, Mercury Blue Crab 1 meal/month PCBs, Mercury Clams, Mussels, Oysters Do Not Eat Shellfish Ban * * Shellfish Ban per the National Shellfish Sanitation Program Lower Turtle & South Brunswick Rivers (St. Simons Estuary) Satilla River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Shrimp Red Drum Flounder Turtle River (From Channel Marker 9) and South Brunswick River (Downstream to Dubignon and Parsons Creeks) No Restrictions No Restrictions No Restrictions Blue Crab 1 meal/week PCBs, Mercury Croaker 1 meal/week PCBs, Mercury Black Drum 1 meal/month PCBs, Mercury Spotted Seatrout 1 meal/month PCBs, Mercury Clams, Mussels, Oysters Do Not Eat Shellfish Ban * * Shellfish Ban per the National Shellfish Sanitation Program 53 Special Listings Terry Creek (St. Simons Estuary) Satilla River Basin Species Site Tested Recommendation Chemical Yellowtail (Silver Perch) Spot South of Torras Causeway to Lanier Basin 1 meal/week No Restrictions PCBs, Mercury Mullet No Restrictions Spotted Seatrout No Restrictions Black Drum No Restrictions Red Drum No Restrictions Croaker No Restrictions Shrimp No Restrictions Blue Crab No Restrictions Clams, Mussels, Oysters Do Not Eat Shellfish Ban * * Shellfish Ban per the National Shellfish Sanitation Program Terry Creek and Dupree Creek, (St. Simons Estuary) Satilla River Basin Species Site Recommendation Chemical (Cause) All Seafood: Blue Crab, Clams, Oysters, Mussels, Shrimp, and Fish All of Terry and Dupree Creeks North of Torras Causeway, to 1/2 mile West of confluence with the Back River No Fishing or Swimming in these areas is recommended by the CRD, EPD and U.S.EPA Due to the cleanup of toxaphene contaminated sediments 54 Special Mercury Guidance on King Mackerel On March 23, 2000, Georgia joined together with North Carolina, South Carolina and Florida in issuing a joint health advisory for the consumption of large king mackerel caught offshore in the South Atlantic Ocean that have been found to have high mercury concentrations. This advisory was issued to provide guidance on the safe consumption of king mackerel to the general public and sensitive populations such as pregnant women, nursing mothers and young children. It does not prevent fishermen from landing fish larger than 39 inches. Georgia DNR officials began working with the other Southeast States to determine levels of mercury in king mackerel in 1998 after learning that Gulf Coast States initiated a similar program. Each State's findings documented consistent levels of mercury over a range of sizes with high levels found in large king mackerel. This is Georgia's first consumption advisory for ocean waters. The king mackerel is a migratory species with the Atlantic population ranging from South Florida through North Carolina and into the Mid-Atlantic. King Mackerel: Atlantic Ocean Offshore Georgia Coast Atlantic Ocean Size Range (Fork Length = FL) Recommendation 24 to Less than 33 inches No Restrictions 33 to 39 inches (a 33 inch fish weighs approximately 10 pounds) 1 meal per month ** for pregnant women, nursing mothers and children age 12 and younger 1 meal per week ** for other adults Over 39 inches (approximately 15 to 17 pounds) Do Not Eat King Mackerel are measured in Fork Length (FL), which is from the tip of the snout to the fork of the tail. The minimum legal size in Georgia is 24 inches FL, with a maximum daily creel limit of 3 fish per person. Federally permitted commercial fishermen are limited to 3500 pounds per trip, and a minimum size of 24 inches FL. ** One meal portion in this special guidance is 8 ounces or pound. King mackerel spawn along the continental shelf of the Atlantic Coast, rapidly growing to approximately 20 inches in length in the first year. Their diet consists almost exclusively of other fish. King mackerel typically have a maximum life span of 15 years, reaching approximately 4 feet in length and 25 to 30 pounds in weight. Most fish landed are considerably smaller. As a fast-growing, long-lived top predator, the king mackerel has a propensity for accumulating high levels of mercury. 55 Index Lake Acworth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Adairsville Pond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Alapaha River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Alapahoochee River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Albany By-Pass Pond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Allen Creek WMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Alcovy River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Allatoona Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Lake Allatoona . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Altamaha River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Lake Andrews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Apalachee River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Banks Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Bartletts Ferry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Beaver Creek, (Tributary to Patsiliga Creek) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 44-45 Lake Bennett . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Big Haynes Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Big Lazer PFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Lake Blackshear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Lake Blue Ridge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Boen Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Bowles C. Ford Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Brasstown Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Brasstown Valley Kids Fishing Pond . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Brier Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Broad River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Buffalo Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Lake Burton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Bush Fied Unnamed Pond, Augusta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Butternut Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Cancer risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Cane Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Canoochee River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Carters Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Casey Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Cesium-137 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 46 Charlie Elliot Wildlife Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19, 24 Chattahoochee River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29-31 Chattanooga Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Chattooga River (NW Georgia) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Lake Chatuge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Chickamauga Creek (East and South) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Chickamauga Creek (West) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Chickasawhatchee Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4, 5 Chlordane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi, 1-4, 23 56 57 Chlorinated pesticides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Clarks Hill Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Clayton County Water Authority (Blalock, J.W. Smith, Shamrock Reservoirs) 21 Coleman River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Conasauga River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Coosa River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Cornish Cr. Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Daniels Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 DDE/DDD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi, 1-2, 4, 18 DDT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi, 1-2 Dieldrin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi, 1-2, 4, 29 Dodge County PFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Dukes Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Dupree Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Etowah River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Eufaula Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Evans County PFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Flint River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34-36 Flint River Reservoir . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Fort Yargo State Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Ga. Estuarine Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Ga. Freshwater Rivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 Ga. Lakes 500 Acres or Larger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Ga. Lakes Less Than 500 Acres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 Goat Rock Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Goldmine Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Gum Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Hard Labor Creek State Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Lake Harding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Lake Hartwell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12-13 Health benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 High Falls Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Horseshoe 4 Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Ichawaynochaway Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 J. Strom Thurmond Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Jacks River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Jackson Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Jones Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Lake Juliette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Ken Gardens Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Kinchafoonee Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 King Mackerel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Lake Lanier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Little Dry Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Little Ocmulgee State Park . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Little River (Wilkes County) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Little River (Valdosta, Lowndes County) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Little Tallapoosa River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 58 Little Tennessee River (Rabun County) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Lake Mayer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 McDuffie PFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22-23 Meal advice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Meal frequencies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Meal size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Mercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v, 1-2, 6 Methylmercury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 4, 5 Middle Oconee River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Mill Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Moccasin Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Muckalee Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Mud Creek, Cobb County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Nancy Town Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Nickajack Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Noonday Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 North Oconee River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Lake Nottely . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Nursing mothers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Ochlockonee River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 Ocmulgee River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40-41 Lake Oconee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Oconee River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41-42 Ogeechee River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42-43 Ohoopee River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 Okefenokee Swamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Lake Oliver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Lake Olmstead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Oostanaula River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Paradise PFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Lake Patrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Patsiliga Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44-45 Payton Park Pond, City of Savannah . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Pipe Makers Canal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Polychlorinated biphenyls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v, 1 Ponder Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Pregnant women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Proctor Creek, Cobb County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Purvis and Gibson Creeks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Lake Rabun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Lake Richard B. Russell . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Risk factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Radionuclides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 46 Reed Bingham State Park Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Lake Rutledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Satilla River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45-46 Savannah River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46-47 Lake Seed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 59 Lake Seminole . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Sewell Mill Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Sheppard Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Short Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Lake Sinclair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Slab Camp Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 South Brunswick River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 South River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 Spring Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 St. Marys River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Stamp Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Stekoa Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Steve Bell Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Stone Mountain Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Strontium-90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2, 46 Suwannee River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Swamp Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Lake Sydney Lanier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Talking Rock Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Tallapoosa River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Tallulah River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Terry Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Lake Tobesofkee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Treutlen County PFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Tribble Mill Lake, Gwinnett County . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Tributary to Hudson River, Alto, Georgia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Lake Tugalo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Turtle and Buffalo Rivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Turtle River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52-53 Upatoi Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Lake Varner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Lake Walter F. George . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 West Point Lake . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Withlacoochee River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Lake Worth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Yahoola Creek . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Yellow River . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 60 61