NEVORIRGOIAN'SMENT 99 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DIVISION CONTENTS Environmental Indicators Air .... ... .. ....................... ... .... .. ..... .. ......... four Sustainable water supply................... ... .. ten Surface water ....... .............................. fifteen Environmental Cleanups Hazardous sites ....... ......................twenty one Underground storage tanks ............ twenty two Solid waste disposal sites ....... ... .twenty three Beyond Regulation ......................... ..... ...... ... ...... twenty four Looking Ahead ........... ... ... .... .. .... ... .... .... ...... twenty eight Environmental Protection Division 205 BUTLER STREET SE SUITE 1152 ATLANTA, GEORGIA 30334 www.state.ga. us/d nr/e nviron 1-888-373-5947 Cov er Photograph- courtesy of Georgia Department of Industry Trade and Tourism PRINTED ON RECYCLED PAPER EPO~s MISSION We help provide Georgia's citizens clean air, clean water, hea lthy lives and productive land by assur in g comp li ance with environmental laws and by assisting others to do their part for a better env ironment. EPO~s VISION Water and air throughout Georgia are clean, all land is productive, al l citizens and native spec ie s are safe from environmenta l harm . Governments, businesses and individuals faithfu ll y exceed the requirements of env ironmenta l laws . All citizens understand the environment and do their part to improve it. As Georgia grows, its land , air and water resources are managed carefu ll y for sustained prosperity EPD's staff are motivated and empowered to use sk ill , common se nse and fa irness to protect, susta in and be stewards of Georgia's env ironment. EPD's workforce is strategically located to maximize effectiveness and to involve communities in susta ining a high quality environment. EPD helps assure that growth is managed in ways that susta in air, water and land resources. STRTEMENT This is our third yearly report on the health of Georgia's environment. I am pleased to see improvement, yet the challenges we face are serious. The individual s and facilities regulated by EPD have done a good job achieving and maintaining compliance with environmental requirement s. EPD will continue our enforcement programs against those who do not. In 1998, EPD is sued 647 enforcement orders collecting $5.5 million in penalties. Environmental protection, however, is far more than enforcement. Our greatest environmental challenges can only be so lved by changing the behavior of individual s. Our water protection problems stem primarily from nonpoint source pollution, which comes from rainfall running off our roof tops, yards, driveways, street s, businesses, construction sites, and farms. In our metropolitan areas, the air we breathe is affected by the automobiles we drive more than by emissions from indu stry. Besides protection of our air and surface water resources, EPD has placed a high priority on cleaning up land and ground water contaminated by sp ill s, unlined landfills, poorly operated industrial sites and leaking underground storage tanks. We are making progress as indicated in this report. EPD will continually expand our existing programs and venture into new areas in order to protect our environment. Some of these changes will be through regulation and will have significant costs. Many will be through voluntary programs, also with costs. We intend for Georgia's environment to improve each year as a result of the continuing efforts by Georgia's citizens, businesses, local governments, and EPD. ~ewJl ~ Harold F. Reheis Indicators AIR SUSTAINABLE WATER SUPPLY SURFACE WATER three INDICATORS Georgia has adopted national ambient air quality standards for six pollutants to protect public health and welfare. Those pollutants are carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide , particulate matter, su lfur dioxide and ozone. A statew ide sampling network monitors the concentration of these pollutants. Monitoring trends are assessed for compliance with air quality standards. The 13-county Atlanta metropolitan area has been declared a "serious" nonattainment area for ground level ozone . The nonattainment area includes Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKa lb, Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, Paulding and Rockdale counties. To achieve attainment, the average number of days above the standard must be equal to or le ss than one for three consecutive years. The number of exceedance days in the ozone nonattainment area is an indicator of our progress toward achieving that goal. four Sulfur Dioxide Standard= 0.14 0.14 0.12 C 0 0.10 :E ; 0.08 Cl.. 0.06 t": ' "'Cl.. 0.04 0.02 --- """ 1, ~ ~ - - "- 0.00 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 9S 96 97 98 Year Carbon Monoxide Standard=9.0 9.0 C 7.5 .5! :E ; 6.0 Cl.. t": ' "'Cl.. 4.5 -'....' l ' - \ I f 1,..- ' ~\ 3.0 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Year Lead Standard= 1.5 1.5 ... -;Cl) 1.2 .=, :..=c,; 0.9 u, = 0.6 ."eC,', 0.3 :E t::,.. " I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ t:::::: ~~ 0.0 8S 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Year RESULTS The overall quality of Georgia's air is good. In 1998, Georgia's air met national standards for concentrations of all pollutants except ozone. The graphs on this page chart annual averages since the mid-1980's for carbon monoxide, lead, nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter and sulfur dioxide. Air quality is either stable or getting better for those pollutants. Nitrogen Dioxide Standard = .050 0.05 0.04 ,gC :E 0.03 ; Cl.. t": ' 0.02 I;"'" I"""' ~ "'Cl.. 0.01 0.00 BS 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 9S 96 97 98 Year Particulate Matter-11 so S..ta-n.d-a-r.d,=..5.0..,....-i-_ _ _.,....,..._,.....,..'""I 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Year The Particulate Matter standard shown in the graph above is based on particles 10 micrometers or smaller. The Federal Clean Air Act requires the US Environmental Protection Agency to review national standard s every five years to determine if they adequately protect public health. A new standard for particulate matter was established in 1997, based on particle s 2.5 micrometers or smaller (the human hair is about 70 micrometers in diameter) Research has shown the smaller particles are inhaled deeper into the lung s and cau se adverse health effects. EPD began sampling for thi s pollutant in 1999. five 1 The number of days with violations of the ozone standard in the Atlanta nonattainment area increased from previous years during the 1998 ozone season (May-September). The yellow line on the graph below charts the number of days Atlanta air exceeded the one-hour ozone standard (0.12 parts per million) for each year beginning in 1980. During the 1998 ozone seaso n, metro Atlanta exceeded the standard on 22 days -- twice as many days as in 1997 . Extremely hot dry weather conditions contributed to this increase . WHHT IS OZONE? Ozone is a gas that cons ists of three atoms of oxygen. It can be both beneficial and harmful, depending on where it is lo cated in the atmosphere. In the stratosphere (six miles above the earth), ozone is beneficial -- it shields the earth from ultraviolet ray s. Ground level ozone, however, is a pollutant which can be harmful to people, plants and variou s material s. Atlanta Metro Area Ozone 30,------------------~ Q) -0 > 0 c'-o .0 -0 .... Cl) co '- Cl ::::, -+-::z0 : D, '- Q) Q) C .o D E a, z::::, ..c t- 0'---------------------l 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Vear Ozone is not emitted directly by any source . It is formed in warm weather by a chemical reaction of two groups of chemica ls: Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Nitrog en Oxides (NOX). The blue line on the graph below plots the ma xi mum hourly concentration reported for the 13 county metropolitan area since 1980. The maximum hourly ozone concentration in 1998 occurred on July 20 and measured 0.166 parts per million . Ozone Concentration Standard= 0 12 0.20 C -0 ~... 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.10 . i\. ~ ~ =- II, " ,,-~_, , ' ~" \ '~ 'I~ Jl ~ ... ~ Maximum Hourly I ~ r L..1111 Concentration ~ 1 Hour Standard for Ground Level Cl) c.. en 0.08 Ozone t: n, 0.06 c.. 0.04 0.02 0.00 80 81 82 83 84 8S 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 9S 96 97 98 Vear six SMOG ALERTS Each afternoon during ozone season, scientists from the EPD and the Georgia Institute of Technology meet in a cyber-space "chat room" to review weather data and predict whether conditions will be right for ozone formation during the next day If the scientists agree that high, unsafe ozone levels are likely for the next day, EPD issues a "Smog Alert". Smog Alert Days are announced via the news media, highway message signs and the internet. The announcements remind metro Atlantans to use their automobiles less and take other steps to reduce ozone. They also advise sensitive children and adults with respiratory illness to limit prolonged moderate exertion outdoors. During the 1998 ozone season, EPD issued 35 Smog Alerts. Information on Smog Alerts is available at www.ga-psg.org or by calling EPD at 404-363-7032. REDUCING GROUND LEVEL OZONE Reducing ground level ozone requires controlling the chemicals that combine to form ozone. EPD's control programs in the 1980's were aimed at reducing VOC's from industries and cars. It helped, but the region's growth has offset those controls. We must now focus on limiting NOX to control ozone levels. NOX comes from burning anything. The Atlanta area has a handful of large stationary sources (power plants), a few dozen small stationary sources (other industries), a few million on-road mobile sources (cars, trucks, buses), thousands of off-road mobile sources (heavy construction equipment, trains, planes), and millions of very small area sources (lawn equipment, hot water heaters, outboard motors, charcoal grills). Only 21 percent of NOX sources in the 13-county ozone nonattainment area can be controlled by permits issued by EPD (see NOX inventory below). Stationary NOX SOURCES IN 13-COUNTV AREA seven IMPROVING RIR OURLITY-EPos RTTRINMENT PLRN In April 1998, EPD proposed a lon g range plan to meet the one-hour standard for ground level ozone. Revisions to the plan were proposed in June, 1999, to target the large st contributors to the ozone problem and to consider every signifi cant emission source inside and outside the 13-county Atl anta area. Vehicle Emi ssions In spect ion Program--The goal of the program is simp le: identify the vehicles that are the heavy polluters, and have them fixed. Und er the curre nt program, all gasoline powered, light duty vehicles from mode l year 1975 to present are tested every other year. Older model vehicles (1975 - 1992) are given a more stringent dynamometer test. In 1998, over 1.2 million vehicles were tested; approximately 10% failed their initial test, and owners had to make repairs and retest. The revised plan would require the more stringent test on an annual basis for all cars 1975 and newer beginning January 1, 2001 . Georgia Gasoline--Beginning in May, 1999, only low su lfur gasoline is availab le during the summer in a 25 county area of northwest Georgia. Thi s low sulfur gaso line improves the performance of cata lyti c converters in automob ile s. EPD is proposing to require a gasoline which contains even lower sulfur content in at least 69 count ie s by the year 2003. Nitrogen Oxide Reductions--Additional emissions controls for Georgia Power Company plants and tighter emissions controls for new and existing indu stries in a 47-county area in North Georgia are included in the revised plan. Pha sing out of on-site electricity generators used for peak shav ing is also proposed. Partnersh ip for a Smog-free Georgia (formerly Voluntary Ozone Action Program)--This program encourages Atlanta motorists to drive le ss during ozone season, especially on those days forecasted by EPD to have high ozone concentrations. Th e number of vehicles on the roads and filling parking lots was reduced by 2-3% on ozone alert days during the summer of 1998. State agencies prepared and impl eme nted plans to reduce the number of single occu pancy trips made by State employees by 20% on ozone alert days during 1998 and daily during the entire season in 1999. Many local governments and businesses in metro Atlanta are also implementing effect ive programs to reduce their employees' driving. EPD's revised plan shou ld result in atta inment of the one-hour standard for ground level ozone by the year 2003. Dawsonville A NEW OZONE STANDARD 0.085 ppm The U.S. EPA has established a more stringent standard ;er -Atlanta 0.113ppm for ground level ozone. The one hour standard was based upon research that breathing volume decreased after 2-3 hours exposure to 0.12 parts per million of ozone. There is evidence that decreases in breathing function also occur after longer (6-7 hours) exposure to lower levels . A national standard of 0.08 parts per million over 8 hours was estab lished, averaged Macon 0.100 ppm over a three year period. Communities will have to attain the 8-hour standard in 2010 or earlier. During the 1998 ozone season, metro Atlanta would have exceeded the 8 hour Leslie standard on 60 days. 0.084 ppm Results of statewide sampling in the summer of 1998 are shown on the map on this page. Atlanta, and other cities in Georgia are likely to be designated 19. nonattainment areas for the 8-hour standard. 3 YEAR AVERAGES OF 8 HOUR OZONE MEASUREMENTS (PPM) AT GEORGIA MONITORING STATIONS RECENT COURT RULING A ru ling by the U.S. Court of Appeals in May, 1999, dealt with the revised eight-hour ozone standard. The eventua l outcome of that case may affect what metro Atlanta ha s to do after 2003, but does not affect the need for the co ntrol measures outlined on the previou s page . Metropo litan Atlanta residents must continue to work toward meeting th e one-hour sta ndard. Th e court ruling may affect the sc hedu le for control plans in other areas of Georgia which are not attaining the eight hour sta ndard . nine DRINHING WATER INDICATORS In Georgia, 2,610 public drinking water systems supply drinking water to 6.65 million persons (85 percent of the population). Private wells provide water to the rema ining 15 percent. Public drinking water systems are regulated by EPD; private wells are not. The percentage of customers receiving water from public water systems in compliance with established standards is an indicator of whether or not the water supplied by those systems is safe to drink. RESULTS The quality of water provided by public drinking water systems in Georgia is very good. From October 1, 1997 through September 30, 1998: 100% of persons on public drinking water systems received water in compliance with standards for nitrates. 100% of persons on public drinking water systems received water in compliance with standards for volatile organic compounds . 91.1 % of persons on public drinking water received water in compliance with standi3rds for le ad and copper. A total of 87 water systems serving 580,471 customers exceeded the lead and/or copper action levels. Of the 87 systems, 4 systems are in metro Atlanta, serving a population of 537,949. One of these systems, serving 453,000 people , modified their corrosion control treatment process and returned to compliance. The other systems are in the process of performing corrosion contro l studies so they can return to compliance . More than 99.9% of persons on public drinking water received water in compliance with standards for asbestos. Only one system, serving 2,450 customers, exceeded the standard for asbestos. That water system is in the process of replacing the asbestos pipe in its distribution network. More than 99 .9% of persons on public drinking water received water in compl ian ce with standards for fecal co liform bacteria . Eleven water systems serving 845 customers exceeded the standards for fecal coliform bacteria. Salt Water Intrusion Upper Fl orid an Aqui fe r, Glynn County Georgia 1,000 . ==ea,, 800 i--- t -- t---t-------11------1------+ : :ii; t.i _ t.l iccl ~Cl) = ... ct ..!c:! t.l 600 t---t---t--- +-----1----1400 t---f-----t--+ 200 0 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 GROUND WHTER Ground Water Depletion O Dougherty County, Clayton Aq uifer Ground Level INDICATORS -Cl) (C,l)) i=f=~ 30 ,-r-r-r-r-r-+-+-+-+-~ Water users in the 24 counties of coastal Georgia obtain most of their water from the Upper Floridan Aquifer. Over time, extensive use has reduced water pressure in the aquifer. As a result, salt water contamination threatens - Cl) = 60 Cl) "Cl > Cl) cc ;: 90 ...I ...I ~ rti .!:! 3:~ 120 150 1958 1962 1967 1972 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 1998 ground water supplies in southeast Georgia, portions of northeast Florida and southeast South Carolina . Beginning in the 1960' s, chloride concentration s have been monitored from one well in Brunswick and two wells on Tybee Island , Georgia . The concentration of chloride in water from these well s indicates whether the problem is getting worse, has stabili zed, or is improving. The upper graph, which shows chloride concentrations measured in the Brun swick monitoring well, reflects the salt water intru sion that occurs there . In 1998, chloride concentration s declined slightly with the annual mean concentration decreasing from 812 mg/ I In southwest Georgia, ground water pumpage has in 1997 to 778 mg/I. caused water levels in the Clayton and Claiborne Aquifers to decline significantly. Long term mea surement of ground water levels in the Clayton and Claiborne Aquifers will show whether the decline ha s been halted, or ha s begun to improve . The lower graph depicts water level s mea sured in feet below ground surface for a well drilled in the Clayton Aquifer in Dougherty County. The most signifi cant drop occurred after 1977 with the rapid growth of agricultural irrigation in southwest Georgia. The water RESULTS level ha s been relatively stable since 1981 . To maintain the viability of the Clayton Aquifer, EPD impo sed a The two Tybee well s serve as an early warning system for Chatham County's water supply. Chloride concentrations in these two wells have remained relatively con stant since the 1960's and there wa s no significant change from 1997 to 1998. The se data moratorium on new permits in the early 1990s (see map on next page) . In 1998, water level s dropped from 135.8 to 138.7 feet below ground level. This drop is attributed to the increa sed irrigation that took place in 1998 becau se of an agricultural drought. continue to indicate that salt water ha s not yet reached Chatham County. eleven PROTECTING THE UPPER f~ORIDRN ROUIFER In April of 1997, an Interim Strategy was adopted to protect 24 counties in southeast Georgia from sa lt water intrusion . The plan establishes guidelines for ground water withdrawal and use in so uthea stern Georgia through December 31, 20 05, when a final plan will be in place. Data gathering continued in 1998, with emphasis on drill ing monitoring wells, computer modeling , and better definition of su bsu rface geology and location of salt water intrusion. The se efforts are cr itical for the development of a final strategy based on so und science. No new withdrawals are being permitted in all of Chatham and Glynn counties and parts of Effingham and Bryan counties without associated reduction s in water usage elsewhere within the county (see map). In the other 20 counties, permits for new and increa se d withdrawals for municipal, indu strial and agricultural uses will be limited to a total of 36 million gallons per day (mgd). In 1998, EPD issued 20 agricultural permits for withdrawal of 2.4 mgd. Thi s amount was offset by modifi ca tions of four municipal and/or indu st rial permits, resulting in a net decrease of 0.2 mgd in permitted withdrawal s from the Floridan aq uifer for 1998. Since adoption of the strategy, new withdrawals totaling approximately 10 mgd have been permitted, leaving 26 mgd avail able for permitting in the 20 county area. Reduction s in permitted withdrawal s by industry created a water resource (0.5 mgd) to be available for existing sma ller drinking water system s in Chatham, Bryan and Effingham counties. Withdrawal s usi ng 0.05 mgd of the resource have bee n permitted sinc e adopt ion of the strategy. Each county in the 24 county area will develop a -New withdrawals from wells in Upper Floridan Aquifer prohibited comprehensive water supply plan. EPD will not issue new permits for withdrawal from the upper Floridan Aquifer after December 31, 2000, to applicants in any county that does not have an approved New permits for wells in the Upper Floridian Aquifer limited to 36 million gallons per day beyond April, 1997 levels plan. Seventeen co untie s have begun work on their plans. New withdrawals from wells in Clayton Aquifer prohibited WATER USAGE IN GEORGIA Georgia's total water use increased 20 percent between 1990 and 1995. Public water supplies and household wells account for 47% of water used; agricultural and industrial uses account for 28% and 25% respectively. Water use trends reflect strong water conservation programs by industries, significant population growth as evidenced by the increases in public supply and household wells, and significant increases in irrigated agriculture. Water Use By Category Public Supply Household Wells Agriculture Industrial Total 1970 564 59 63 932 1618 Million Gallons Per Day 1980 1990 718 963 138 141 605 487 826 701 '22.87 '22.92 1995 1153 147 767 675 2742 % Change 1990-1995 20 4 57 -4 20 INTERSTATE WATER NEGOTIATIONS In late 1997 the Congress and the President of the United States established interstate water compacts between Georgia and Alabama for the Alabam a-CoosaTallapoo sa river system (ACT), and between Georgia, Alabama, and Florida for the ApalachicolaChattahoochee-Flint river system (ACF) . These river basins make up 38% of Georgia's total land area, provide drinking water to over 60 % of Georgia's population, and supply water for more than 35% of Georgia's irrigated agriculture. Under the compacts, the three states will develop agreements for allocating and managing the waters of the two interstate river system s to meet water needs through the year 2050. The Compacts name the Governors of the three sta te s as Compact Commissioners, along with a Federal Commi ss ioner appointed by the Pre sident. The compacts required the Commissioners to reach agreements on water allocations by December 31, 1998. In February, 1998, the Compact Commissioners co nducted initial meetings for both the ACT and the ACF river systems. Following these meetings, the principle s underlying each state 's approach to water allocation formula s were discus sed in a se rie s of public meetings. Begi nning in June, 1998, with Georgia's ACF Strawman pre se ntation, the three states sha red their re spective plans for allocating and managing the river sys tems . Since June, each state ha s spent considerable time refining its own operational sc hemes, and evaluating those offered by fellow state s. Proposal s and counter-proposals were shared through seven official ACT negotiating sess ion s, six official ACF negotiating sess ion s, and se veral technical di sc ussions. Although consensus was not reached, the negotiations have revealed areas of general agreement, as well as areas of marked disagreement. The state s are generally optimistic that, with additional time, agreements can be reached. Con sequent ly, the Commissioners agreed to extend the negotiations through De ce mber 31, 1999. As negotiation s proceed in 1999, one of the more pres sing is sue s to be resolved in the ACT and the ACF water system s is management of federal re servoirs such as lakes Lanier, West Point, and Allatoona. Georgia 's position is that reservoir operating levels should preserve sufficient water supplies to meet hum an water needs at all time s, including severe droughts. Some changes in operation, from how the federal dams have traditionally been operated, will be needed if this objective is to be met. t [ e u n s s 0 D -- - S-urface Water- -='=--- INDICATORS The quality of Georgia's surface waters is evaluated on whether or not they meet established water quality standards and support designated water uses. Rivers, lake s, streams and estuaries are monitored to assess compliance with standards . The Department of Natural Resources (DNR) tests fish for many chemica ls to determine whether fish can be safely consumed. Consumption guidance based on recommended meals per week or month is published annually in "Georgia's Freshwater & Saltwater Sport Fishing Regulations" and in "Guidelines for Eating Fish from Georgia's Waters". Dissolved oxygen in streams and lake s is necessary to support the fish community and other aquatic life . Dissolved oxygen water quality standards have been established ranging from 4.0 to 6.0 mg/I dependent upon the stream classification and type of measurement. EPD evaluates data from 37 trend monitoring sites throughout the state. The percentage of samp le s showing violations of the dissolved oxygen standard is one of the most important indicators of water quality. Dissolved oxygen in streams is also significant ly related to streamflow and temperature. RESULTS EPD evaluates and publishes stream data every other year. In evaluating streams, EPD examines the water quality data and compares this with water quality standa rd s set for rivers and lake s. The standards for most Georgia streams are identical, with the exception of trout streams and recreational waters, which have more stringent standards. Th e standards have two sets of components, one for aquat ic life protection (oxygen and toxic metals) and one for human recreation (bacteria) . For each component, a stream fully meets water quality standards if 90% or more of the data is within acceptable limits; partially meets water quality standards if 75% to 90% of the data is within acceptable limits; does not meet water quality standards if 74% or less is within acceptab le limits . In addition, if fish in a river or lake contain chemicals which result in EPD advising the public not to eat the fish, that river or stream is deemed to partially meet water quality standards even if all water quality data is within acceptable limits. fifteen Aquatic Life Standards River Basin Altamaha Chattahoochee Coosa Flint Ochlockonee Ocmulgee Oconee Ogeechee St. Mary's Satilla Savannah Suwannee Tallapoosa Tennessee Total River Miles 3,430 8,172 7,126 9,122 1,716 7,268 6,773 6,981 485 3,629 7,413 4,961 774 2,300 Assessed River Miles 81 740 820 603 50 871 441 125 9 135 392 376 51 91 % Assessed River Miles Meeting Water Quality Standards for Aquatic Life Water Quality in Georgia 1996 1997 contains the most recent data on Georgia's water quality. Th e 1996-1997 water quality data show the following overall results: 8,573 of 70,150 miles of river s and stream s were assessed. Of those. 77 percent fully or partially met water quality stan dard s. 399,295 of 400,887 acres of lakes were assessed. Of those. 84 percent met or partially met water quality sta ndards. All of Georgia's 855 square miles of estuaries were assessed. Of those. 54 percent met water quality standards. Recreation Standards River Basin Alta ma ha Chattahoochee Coosa Flint Ochlockonee Ocmulgee Oconee Ogeechee St. Mary's Satilla Savannah Suwannee Tallapoosa Tennessee Total River Miles 3,430 8,172 7,126 9,122 1,716 7,268 6,773 6,981 485 3,629 7,413 4,961 774 2,300 Assessed River Miles 23 849 446 577 19 469 451 29 0 56 125 71 95 312 % Assessed River Miles Meeting Water Quality Standards for Recreation 100 58 62 92 92 EPD also evaluated each of 14 river basins using the 1996-1997 data to determine the extent of achievement of water quality sta ndard s for recreation and for aquatic life . The charts on this page show the percent of river miles assessed which partially or fully met the two sta ndard s. Violations Of Dissolved Oxygen Standard At Trend Monitoring Sites 10~~-~~--,--..-----r---,-------,- -,--.---------,-----.----, = 0 =ca Cl) Cl) ."!:: 0 > Cl) -C