MANUAL of the GENERAL ASSEMBLY of The State of Georgia Revised March 1976 Compiled by BEN W FORTSON JR Secretary of State m STATE OFFICERS EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT State Capitol Room 203 George Busbee Governor Norman Underwood Executive Secretary Tom Perdue Administrative Assistant to the Governor William L Harper Executive Counsel to the Governor David R Trippe Assistant Executive Counsel to the Governor Emmet Meeks Fiscal Officer Duane S Riner News Secretary Mrs Doris Alford Personal Secretary LIEUTENANTGOVERNOR State Capitol Room 418 Zell Miller LieutenantGovernor Bill Burson Administrative Assistant Mrs Louise Summers Personal Secretary Mrs Mary Beazley Appointment Secretary Ms Marti Pingree Press Secretary SECRETARY OF STATE State Capitol Room 214 Ben W Fortson Jr Secretary of State Mrs Ann L Adamson Assistant Secretary of State COMPTROLLERGENERAL State Capitol Room 238 Johnnie L Caldwell ComptrollerGeneral Robert P Constantine Jr Deputy ComptrollerGeneral Chief Deputy Insurance Commissioner John R Gore Jr State Fire Marshal James E Young Deputy Industrial Loan Commissioner LAW DEPARTMENT Judicial Building Room 132 Arthur K Bolton Attorney General Robert S Stubbs II Chief Deputy Attorney General Robert H Shell Assistant Attorney General Office Manager III Eddie Moore Administrative Assistant Deputy Attorneys General Richard L Chambers Don A Langham Senior Assistant Attorneys General Robert S Bomar Marion 0 Gordon Michael J Bowers J Robert Coleman G Thomas Davis H Perry Michael Timothy J Sweeney Assistant Attorneys General Gary B Andrews John B Ballard Jr Patricia T Barmeyer Franklin N Biggins Gerald W Bowling Lauren 0 Buckland Stephen L Cotter John W Dunsmore Jr J David Dyson Bruce M Edenfield Alfred L Evans Jr Thomas W Greene Robert E Hall W Hensell Harris Jr Carl C Jones III William C Joy R Douglas Lackey Roland F Matson Lois F Oakley Donn L Odom G Stephen Parker David A Runnion Verley J Spivey John C Walden B Dean Grindle Jr Wayne P Yancey Staff Assistant Attorneys General Sarah H Adams Melvin M Goldstein Curtis E Anderson Kirby G Atkinson Carol Atha Cosgrove Julius C Daugherty Jr Andrew J Ekonomou John E Hart Michael E Hobbs Harrison W Kohler James C Pratt Michael J Walls Attorneys Isaac Byrd Investigator William R Woodall James L Mackay Legal Assistants J Ervin Gardner Joy Mcllwain IV EDUCATION State Department of Old State Office Bldg Room 242 Dr Jack P Nix State Superintendent of Schools Dr Joe Edwards Deputy State Superintendent of Schools Dr H Titus Singletary Jr Associate State Superintendent of Schools Instructional Services Dr S C Adamson Associate State Superintendent of Schools School Administrative Services Bert K Adams Assistant State Superintendent of Schools Staff Services Dr Russell S Clark Assistant State Superintendent of Schools Adult Vocational Education ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES Department of 116 Mitchell Street Room 400 G N Manley Commissioner of Administrative Services Jim Roberts Deputy Commissioner of Administrative Services Richard Millsaps Director Internal Administration Robert Chatham Personnel G Hogan Director Fiscal Services Division Ben Jones Financial Management Section Charles Duncan Insurance Section Wesley Johnson Director General Services Division Tom Crews Motor Transportation Section Larry Clark Printing and Duplication Section David Bennett Printing and Duplication Section Jim Roberts Acting Director Purchasing Supplies Div Harry Curtis Deputy Director Purchasing Supplies Jim Jordan Central Supply Lou Fender Director Information Computer Services Div Richard Weiskittel Internal Operations Bob Allen Systems and Programming Virgil Baker Operations Center C Steve Patrick Operations Center B Jim Roberts Acting Director Office of Telecommunications June P Sammons Director Office of Volunteer Services Bob Sharpies Director Property and Space Management Adrian Fowler Real Property Management Section Gary Monroe Personal Property Management Section V AGRICULTURE State Department of Agriculture Bldg Thomas T Irvin Commissioner Room 204 Mrs Rita B Nix Confidential Secretary Room 204 Ms Rosemary Grow Appointment Secretary Room 204 Roy R Kelly Executive Assistant Room 209 Dr John A Cobb Assistant Commr Animal Industry Room 106 Clifton A Ward Assistant Commr Consumer Protection Room 309 Robert F Ray Assistant Commissioner Marketing Room 324 Dr James F Andrews State Veterinarian Room 103 Harry S Johnson Jr State Chemist Room 610 Carl M Scott Jr State Entomologist Room 304 Dr J W D Harvey State Oil Chemist Fuel Oil Inspection Unit Kennedy Rd Forest Park 30050 George Seaton Director Field Inspection Forces Consumer Room 306 M J Lane Director Field Inspection ForcesGeneral Room 109 O D Mullinax Director Fuel and Measures Room 327 E Elmo Winstead Assistant Commissioner Plant Industry Room 537 LABOR State Department of Labor Bldg Room 288 Sam Caldwell Commissioner W O Brooks Director Employment Security Agency PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION New State Office Bldg Room 162 Ben T Wiggins Chairman William H Kimbrough Vice Chairman Mac Barber Commissioner Robert C Bobby Pafford Commissioner Ford B Spinks Commissioner Matt L McWhorter Commissioner Emeritus Allen Chappell Commissioner Emeritus VI A O Randall Executive Secretary David 0 Benson Executive Director Janies J Crudup Director Utilities Engineering Ralph S McLemore Jr Director Utilities Financial Analysis L Thomas Doyal Director Motor Carrier Certification and Enforcement Horace F Hartley Director Transportation Rate and Services J R Price Hearing Reporter ARCHIVES AND HISTORY Department of Division of Secretary of State 330 Capitol Ave S E Miss Carroll Hart Director AUDITS State Department of State Capitol Room 115 Ernest B Davis State Auditor BANKING FINANCE Department of State Capitol Room 122 Edward D Dunn Commissioner Robert M Moler Deputy Commissioner E G Martin Director Thrift Institutions Ashburn T West Director Bank Supervision Reece V Morris Administrative Director BUDGET BUREAUSee Planning and Budget Office of BUILDING AUTHORITY Georgia 7th Fir State Health Bldg Steve Polk Director of Administration Luther Lewis Administrative Officer COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Department of Bureau of Industry and Trade Trinity Washington Building 6th Floor VII W Milton Folds Commissioner James O Bohanan Assistant Deputy Commissioner Edwin D Spivia Director of Public Relations Advertising William C Hawthorne Director of Finance Administration Wilda L Curtis Personnel Officer Hubert W Wiley Director Industry Division Michael H Lott Associate Director Industry Division John R Gilliland Assistant Director Industry Division John D Welsh Director International Division Robert L Burson Director Tourist Division Robert L Williams Assistant Director Tourist Division Thomas J Hanifen Director Research Division George Rogers Assistant Director Research Bureau of Community Affairs 7 Hunter Street Room 640 L Howard Atherton Commissioner Mike McGuinn Deputy Commissioner Edwin C Adams Director Area Development Division Walter Brown Director Local Development Division CORRECTIONSOFFENDER REHABILITATION Department of 800 Peachtree Street N E Allen L Ault Ed D Commissioner William H Lowe Deputy Commissioner Offender A dministration Ronald L Powell PhD Deputy Commissioner General Services Administration Richard E Longfellow PhD Deputy Commissioner Probation Parole Services A L Dutton Deputy Commissioner Community Facilities E B Caldwell Deputy Commissioner Correctional Facilities W A Crump Assistant Commissioner Evaluation Monitoring Services C S Berrier Executive Assistant Administrative Office of the Commissioner Sara Passmore Public Information Officer VIII CRIME COMMISSION OFFICE State 1430 West Peachtree St Atlanta Jim Higdon Administrator Rachel Champagne Deputy Administrator Dorothy Roach Director of Financial Management DEFENSE Department of P 0 Box 17965 Atlanta Ga 30316 Major General Billy M Jones The Adjutant General Director State Civil Defense Military Division Brigadier General Holden C West Asst Adjutant General for Army Brigadier General Ben L Patterson Asst Adjutant General for Air Civil Defense Division Mr Billy J Clack Deputy Director CHIEF DRUG INSPECTORS OFFICE Agriculture Bldg Room 212214 19 Hunter St SW Atlanta Jerry Cherkas Acting Chief Drug Inspector EXAMINING BOARDS STATE Division of Secretary of State 166 Pryor Street SW James E Skrine Joint Secretary Mrs Shirley Cowart Deputy Joint Secretary FORESTRY COMMISSION State Central Office P 0 Box 819 Macon 31202 A Ray Shirley Director and Executive Secretary J C Turner Jr Chief of Forest Protection Druid N Preston Chief of Forest Management George Bishop Chief of Forest Administration IX Frank Craven Chief of Forest Education James C Wynens Chief of Reforestation Atlanta Office 7 Hunter Street SW Room 545 Julian D Reeves Personnel Officer GENERAL ASSEMBLY Fiscal Affairs SubCommittees 3rd Floor State Capitol Zell Miller President of the Senate Thomas B Murphy Speaker House of Representatives Governors Appointees Senators Terrell Starr Beverly Langford Pierre Howard Hugh Carter Ed Garrard Representatives Tom Buck III Bobby Hill Nathan Knight Larry Walker Joe Wood Senate Appointees A W Al Holloway John R Riley Paul C Broun Sam W Doss Jr Representative Appointees Clarence R Vaughn Jr Marcus Collins Joe Frank Harris William J Bill Lee HIGHWAY SAFETY Office of Governor Chief Administrator Carlton Fisher Governors Highway Safety Representative Mrs Lib Greene Umhau Ga Delegate to Nat Assn of Women Leaders for Highway Safety X HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES GEORGIA 3rd Floor State Capitol Thomas B Murphy Speaker Mrs Shirley D Spence Executive Secretary Glenn W Ellard Clerk House of Representatives HUMAN RESOURCES Department of 47 Trinity Avenue SW T M Jim Parham Commissioner David C Evans Deputy Commissioner Betty Bellairs Director Division of Benefits Payments Sam Thurmond Director Division of Medicaid 618 Ponce de Leon Douglas Skelton M D Director Division of Mental Health and Mental Retardation James Alley M D Director Division of Physical Health Patricia Johnson Director Division of Social Services John Hunsucker Director Division of Youth Services 618 Ponce de Leon Nathan Nolan Director Division of Vocational Rehabilitation LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL Office of State Capitol Room 316 Frank H Edwards Legislative Counsel Charles E Tidwell Chief Deputy LEGISLATIVE SERVICES COMMITTEE State Capitol Room 316 Thomas B Murphy Speaker House of Representatives Chairman Hamilton McWhorter Jr Secretary of Senate Secretary Zell Miller President of the Senate Glenn W Ellard Clerk House of Representatives Senate Members Paul Broun R Eugene Holley Howard T Overby House Members Joe Frank Harris Wayne Snow Jr Marcus Collins Legislative Counsel Room 316 Frank H Edwards Legislative Fiscal Officer Rm 434 Cary Bond Legislative Budget Analyst Rm 142 Pete Hackney STATE LIBRARY Judicial Building Room 301 Donn L Odom State Librarian Carroll T Parker Assistant Librarian MERIT SYSTEM OF PERSONNEL ADMINISTRATION State New State Office Bldg Room 572 Charles E Storm Acting Commissioner Deputy Commissioner Jerry Saylor Division Director Classification and Compensation Jim Hughes Division Director Applicant Services Marvin Albitz Division Director Planning Research and Special Services Grady Huddleston Division Director Training and Staff Development Walt Withers Division Director Insurance and Income Maintenance Carson Melvin Division Director Employees Services Mrs B J Bennett Division Director Administrative and Staff Services Reese Theus Executive to the State Personnel Board MUSEUM of Science and Industry Georgia Division of Secretary of State State Capitol 4th Floor Charlie E Fleming CuratorDirector NATIONAL BICENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Georgia Commission for the Division of Secretary of State 1776 Peachtree Street NW Suite 520 South Wing Atlanta Georgia 30309 Secretary of State Chairman A K Johnson Jr Executive Director XII NATURAL RESOURCES Department of 270 Washington St S W Joe D Tanner Commissioner of Natural Resources Charles M Parrish III Executive Assistant A dminis tration James B Talley Executive Assistant Legal Henry D Struble Director Parks and Historie Sites Division J Leonard Ledbetter Director Environmental Protection Div Jack Crockford Director Game Fish Div Sam Pickering Director Earth Water Div James H Pittman Director Office of Administrative Services PARDONS AND PAROLES State Board of 800 Peachtree Street N E Room 610 Cecil C McCall Chairman J O Partain Jr Member Mrs Mamie Reese Member James T Morris Member Floyd E Busbee Sr Member PERSONNEL BOARD State New State Office Bldg Room 572 Leonard Morris Chairman Cyrus Neuner Vice Chairman Mrs Isabel Gates Webster Member Vernnie C Morgan Adm Assistant OFFICE OF PLANNING BUDGET 6th Floor TrinityWashington Bldg 270 Washington Street S W James T McIntyre Jr Director Office of Planning Budget PORTS AUTHORITY GEORGIA P O Box 2406 Savannah 31402 235 Peachtree St N E Suite 1710 Atlanta 30303 Robert H Tharpe Sr Chairman Don A Grantham Vice Chairman Members Earl Nichols XIII Robert D Miles Lee R Grogan P E Clifton Sr L P Greer Jr J D Holt jExecutive Director P O Box 2406 Savannah 31402 W D Trippe SecretaryTreasurer P O Box 187 Cedartown 30125 George H Chamlee Attorney P 0 Box 8123 Savannah 31402 REGENTS Board of University System of Georgia Officers 244 Washington Street S W Room 468 Charles A Harris Chairman John A Bell Jr Vice Chairman George L Simpson Jr Chancellor John O Eidson Vice Chancellor John W Hooper Associate Vice Chancellor Henry G Neal Executive Secretary Shealy McCoy Vice ChancellorFiscal Affairs Treasurer Joseph Hammock Vice ChancellorAcademic Development Frank C Dunham Vice ChancellorConstruction Physical Plant Mario J Goglia Vice ChancellorResearch Howard Jordan Jr Vice ChancellorServices Harry B ORear Vice ChancellorHealth Affairs James L Carmon Assistant Vice ChancellorComputing Systems Haskin R Pounds Assistant Vice Chancellor Mary Ann Hickman Assistant Vice ChancellorPersonnel Robert M Joiner Assistant Vice ChancellorCommunications W Coye Williams Jr Assistant ViceChancellor Academic Development Harry H Murphy Jr Director of Public Information L Harlan Davis Director Interinstitutional Programs in International Affairs REVENUE State Department of 270 Washington St SW Room 410 Nick P Chilivis Commissioner David B Poythress Deputy Revenue Commissioner XIV Bill Strickland Administrative Deputy Edwin R Vaughn Director Alcohol Tobacco Tax Unit Harold Dixon Director Central Audit Unit Randy Jones Director Field Services Unit John W Bearden Director Income Tax Unit Tap Carey Director Internal Administration Curtis B Modling Director Motor Fuel Tax Unit Pheron 0 Turner Director Motor Vehicle Unit Bob Wilkes Personnel Administrator Jack Morton Director Property Tax Intangibles Tax Unit Tom I Sangster Director Tax Equalization Local Services Chandler Hewell Director Sales and Use Tax Unit SAFETY Department of Public 959 E Confederate Ave SE PO Box 1456 Atlanta Ga 30301 Col J Herman Cofer Commissioner Lt Col Porter Weaver Deputy Commissioner State Patrol Major Hugh Hardison Commanding Officer SENATE Georgia State 3rd Floor State Capitol Zell Miller President Hamilton McWhorter Jr Secretary of the Senate STATE SCHOLARSHIP COMMISSION Ga Higher Education Assistance Authority Ga Higher Education Assistance Corp 9 LaVista Perimeter Park Suite 110 2187 North Lake Parkway Tucker 30084 Donald E Payton Executive Director R Jerome Lee Director State Scholarships Loans Ralph D Roberts Dir of Fiscal Affairs Guaranteed Loans William H Simmons Dir Collections Claims Prevention William D Seddon Dir of Systems Operations Robert G McCants Dir of Career Services David J Tucker Information Specialist XV TEACHERS RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF GEORGIA Rm 576 Labor Bldg Atlanta Wesley H Rucker Executive SecyTreasurer Gerald S Gilbert Deputy Executive SecyTreasurer Robert J Williams Director Fiscal and Membership Div TRANSPORTATION Department of 2 Capitol Square Atlanta Thomas D Moreland Commissioner Emory C Parrish Deputy Commissioner Hal Rives Assistant State Highway Engineer Dan Kelly Secretary Treasurer VETERANS SERVICE State Department of 1 Hunter Street S W Atlanta Peter Wheeler Director Bruce Diggs Assistant Director Henry G Chapman Assistant Director Administration Edward N Bailey Supervisor Claims Division Arthur T Orvold Supervisor Education Division WORKMENS COMPENSATION State Board of Labor Bldg Room 499 E Earl Mallard Chairman Don L Knowles Director Albert D Crenshaw Director James C Pullin SecretaryTreasurer John A Smith Jr Executive Assistant Charles C Booker Chief Administrative Law Judge Burton M Wamble Director of Administration Charles E Wallace Director of Rehabilitation Herman F Waits Director of Compliance W E Buckner Director Emeritus Administrative Law Judges H Grady Almand Jr Decatur Eugene H Gadsden Savannah Thad Gibson Albany Herbert T Greenholtz Jr Calhoun Harold Irvin Decatur Barbara LeBey Atlanta E Neal Little Decatur XVI John A Sligh Jr Decatur R T Spencer Macon David C Stripling Atlanta UNITED STATES SENATORS Herman Eugene Talmadge Lovejoy Georgia 109 Russell Senate Off Bldg Washington DC 20510 Sam Nunn Perry Georgia 110 Russell Senate Off Bldg Washington DC 20510 UNITED STATES CONGRESSMEN District 1 Bo Ginn Millen 2 Dawson Mathis Albany 3 Jack Brinkley Columbus 4 Elliott H Levitas Atlanta 5 Andrew Young Atlanta 6 John J Flynt Jr Griffin 7 Larry McDonald Marietta 8 W S Bill Stuckey Jr Eastman 9 Phil M Landrum Jasper 10 Robert G Stephens Jr Athens Justices H E Nichols Chief Justice Hiram K Undercofler Presiding Justice SUPREME COURT OF GEORGIA 5th Floor Judicial Building Law Assistants Ben G Estes Mrs Effie A Mahan Associate Justices William B Gunter Robert H Jordan G Conley Ingram Robert H Hall Harold N Hill Jr Law Assistants Gregory Fullerton Maud Saunders Mark Guza Rosemary Kittrell Elizabeth Long Mrs Joline Bateman Williams Clerk Mrs Eva F Townsend Deputy Clerk Mrs Hazel E Hallford Deputy Clerk Wiley H Davis Reporter Guy M Massey Assistant Reporter XVII COURT OF APPEALS OF GEORGIA Judicial Building 4th Floor Judges Law Assistants John Sammons Bell 1 Richard L Rice Chief Judge Charles A Pannell Sr Louis A Peacock Presiding Judge Braswell D Deen JrMrs Alfredda Scobey Presiding Judge J Kelley Quillian Judge T Mil Clyburn Randall Evans Jr JudgeRobert H Brinson Jr H Sol Clark Judge 4iIXvLiiSteven Schaikewitz Irwin W Stolz Jr Judge lXCharles N Hooper Julian Webb Judge XJulian H Stewart Thomas 0 Marshall Judge Burgess W Stone Morgan Thomas Clerk Miss Edna E Bennett Deputy Clerk Abda J Conyers Special Deputy Clerk Wiley H Davis Reporter Guy M Massey Assistant Reporter SUPERIOR COURTS JUDGES DISTRICT ATTORNEYS ALAPAHA JUDICIAL CIRCUIT H W Lott Judge Lenox Vickers Neugent District AttorneyAustin Street Pearson ALCOVY JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Thomas W Ridgway Judge ulPO Box 166 Monroe John T Strauss District Attorney2153 Thompson Avenue Covington ATLANTA JUDICIAL CIRCUIT J C Jep Tanksley Chief Judge Atlanta Claude D Shaw JudgeAtlanta Luther Alverson JudgeM Atlanta Sam P McKenzie JudgeXX Atlanta Jack P Etheridge JudgerAtlanta Charles A Wofford Judge vHAtlanta Lloyd Elmo Holt Judge Atlanta Osgood O Williams JudgeAtlanta XVIII G Ernest Tidwell JudgeAtlanta John S Langford JudgeAtlanta Joel J Fryer Judge Atlanta Lewis R Slaton District AttorneyAtlanta ATLANTIC JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Paul E Caswell Senior JudgeJHinesville John R Harvey JudgeP0 Box 1018 Pembroke John W Underwood District Attorney Hinesville AUGUSTA JUDICIAL CIRCUIT John F Hardin Judge William M Fleming Jr Judge Edwin D Fulcher Judge Franklin H Pierce Judge Richard E Allen District Attorney1 BLUE RIDGE JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Sam P Burtz JudgeH11Canton Marion T Pope Jr JudgePO Box 589 Canton C B Butch Holcomb District Attorney PO Box 248 Canton BRUNSWICK JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Winebert Dan Flexer Judge 1Brunswick Gordon Knox Jr JudgelHazlehurst Glenn Thomas Jr District AttorneyPO Box 416 Jesup CHATTAHOOCHEE JUDICIAL CIRCUIT J Alvan Davis Presiding JudgeMPO Box 1340 Columbus John H Land JudgeRFD Whitesville Road Columbus Oscar D Smith Jr JudgeColumbus E Mullins Whisnant District AttorneyHamilton CHEROKEE JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Jefferson L Davis Judge PO Box 128 Cartersville David N Vaughan Jr District Attorney PO Box 534 Cartersville Augusta Augusta Augusta Augusta Augusta CLAYTON JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Harold Banke Chief JudgeiCourthouse Jonesboro Marvin A Miller JudgeJonesboro William H Bill Ison District AttorneyJonesboro XIX COBB JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Howell Cobb Ravan Judge Marietta Luther C Hames Jr Judge 1Marietta James L Bullard JudgeSEfca Marietta George W Buddy Darden District AttorneyMarietta CONASAUGA JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Robert Vining Jr Senior Judge JS Dalton Coy H Temples JudgeiiDalton Sam Brantley District Attorney Dalton CORDELE JUDICIAL CIRCUIT William LeRoy McMurray Jr JudgePO Box 555 Cordele D E Turk District AttorneyAbbeville COWETA JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Lamar Knight Senior JudgePO Box 315 Carrollton Joseph C Jackson Judge LaGrange William F Lee Jr District Attorney vrNewnan DOUGHERTY JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Asa D Kelley Jr Chief JudgeiSCourthouse Albany Leonard Farkas Judge Albany William S Billy Lee District AttorneyAlbany DUBLIN JUDICIAL CIRCUIT W H Bill White JudgeDublin Beverly B Hayes Jr District AttorneyDublin EASTERN JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Dunbar Harrison Judge M Savannah George E Oliver JudgeSavannah Frank S Cheatham Jr JudgeSavannah Andrew Joe Ryan Jr District AttorneySavannah FLINT JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Hugh D Sosebee Chief JudgeForsyth Sam L Whitmire Judge 1Barnesville E Byron Smith District Attorney Barnesville GRIFFIN JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Andrew J Whalen Jr JudgeGriffin Ben J Miller District AttorneyThomaston XX GWINNETT JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Chas C Pittard Judge Duluth Reid Merritt Judge I PO Box 686 Lawrenceville William Bryant Huff District Attorney256 Crogan Street Lawrenceville HOUSTON JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Willis B Hunt Jr Judge SI11 111 1 Perry Stephen Pace Jr District AttorneyPerry LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Robert E Bob Coker JudgeLaFayette Paul W Johnny Painter Judge Rossville Earl B Bill Self District Attorney PO Box 192 Summerville MACON JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Hal Bell JudgelSrMacon C Cloud Morgan JudgeMacon George B Culpepper III Judge Ft Valley Fred M Hasty District AttorneyMacon MIDDLE JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Walter C McMillan Jr JudgePO Box 701 Sandersville H Reginald Thompson District AttorneyPO Box 286 Swainsboro MOUNTAIN JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Jack N Gunter JudgePO Box 485 Clarkesville V D Stockton District AttorneyClayton NORTHEASTERN JUDICIAL CIRCUIT A R Kenyon Judge PO Box 1353 Gainesville Joseph H Blackshear JudgePO Box 1353 Gainesville Jeff C Wayne District Attorney PO Box 430 Gainesville NORTHERN JUDICIAL CIRCUIT John W Billy Williford Judge 145 Parkwood Drive Elberton Clete D Johnson District AttorneyPO Box 245 Royston OCMULGEE JUDICIAL CIRCUIT George L Jackson Judge Gray Joseph B Duke JudgeMilledgeville Joseph H Briley District AttorneyGray XXI OCONEE JUDICIAL CIRCUIT James B OConnor Judge PO Box 465 McRae Phillip R West District AttorneyPO Box 571 Eastman OGEECHEE JUDICIAL CIRCUIT William Colbert Hawkins JudgePO Box 439 Sylvania J Lane Johnston District AttorneyStatesboro PATAULA JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Walter I Geer JudgeColquitt John R Irwin District AttorneyDawson PIEDMONT JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Mark Dunahoo Judge1 PO Box 553 Winder Nat Hancock District Attorney Jefferson ROME JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Robert L Royal Judge John A Frazier Jr Judge Larry Salmon District Attorney SOUTH GEORGIA JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Robert E L Culpepper Jr JudgeCamilla A Wallace Cato District Attorney PO Box 65 Bainbridge SOUTHERN JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Marcus B Calhoun Chief JudgeThomasville George A Horkan Jr JudgeMoultrie W G Gus Elliott JudgeValdosta H Lamar Cole District AttorneyValdosta SOUTHWESTERN JUDICIAL CIRCUIT William F Blanks JudgePO Box 784 Americus Claude N Morris District AttorneyAmericus STONE MOUNTAIN JUDICIAL CIRCUIT H 0 Hubert Jr JudgeDecatur William T Dean JudgeConyers Rome Rome Rome XXII Clarence L Peeler Jr Judge Decatur Curtis V Tillman JudgeDecatur Clyde Henley Judge 303 Courthouse Decatur Tom Morris Allen Judge1Decatur Ray C Norvell Judge Dunwoody Richard Bell District Attorney794 Allgood Road Route 5 Stone Mountain TALLAPOOSA JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Dan Winn Chief Judge31Cedartown Harold L Murphy Judge1 Buchanan John T Perren District AttorneyDallas TIFTON JUDICIAL CIRCUIT J Bowie Gray JudgePO Box C Tifton W J Forehand District AttorneyP O Box 253 Tifton TOOMBS JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Robert L Stevens Judgei adit hla PO Box 27 Thomson Kenneth E Goolsby District Attorney PO Box 405 Thomson WAYCROSS JUDICIAL CIRCUIT Ben A Hodges Senior JudgePO Box 894 Waycross Elie L Holton JudgePO Box 604 Douglas Dewey Hayes District AttorneyDouglas WESTERN JUDICIAL CIRCUIT James Barrow JudgeJUSiPO Box 167 Athens Harry N Gordon District Attorney193 E Hancock Ave Athens XXIII SUPERIOR COURT JUDGES AND DISTRICT ATTORNEYS EMERITUS Judges Emeritus Cleveland Rees William H Reynolds E E Andrews A M Anderson J R Thompson Henry H Durrence W A Foster Jr Oliver Wendell Horne Jr Oscar L Long Ralph H Pharr H Grady Vandiviere John H McGehee John E Frankum Hubert C Morgan Edwin S Kemp F Frederick Kennedy George S Carpenter Robert L Scoggin District Attorneys Emeritus Winston Owen Hope D Stark James Cecil Davis William Glenn Thomas W H Lanier Bruce D Dubberly Paul Webb Harvey L Jay Wright Lipford Cohen Anderson W B Skipworth Jr Maston E ONeal Jr George D Lawrence Ben F Smith Albert D Mullis Edward E McGarity XXIV BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS ATLANTIC STATES MARINE FISHERIES COMMISSION Frank E Carlton 2515 Habersham Street Savannah Exofficio member Commissioner of Natural Resources BICENTENNIAL CELEBRATION Georgia Commission For The National Division of Secretary of State 1776 Peachtree Street N W Suite 520 South Wing Atlanta Georgia 30309 Secretary of State Chairman Aimer K Johnson Jr Executive Director Senate Members John R Riley PO Box 9641 Savannah Georgia 31402 Floyd Hudgins 2440 Manchester Expressway Columbus Georgia 31904 Bert Hamilton 464 W Buford Road Macon Georgia 31204 E G Summers PO Box 499 LaFayette Georgia 30728 Mell Traylor Route 1 Box 94A1 Pembroke Georgia 31321 Preston B Lewis Jr Box 88 Waynesboro Georgia 30830 House Members Frank I Bailey Jr 6524 Hayes Drive Riverdale Georgia 30274 Arthur M Gignilliat PO Box 968 Savannah Georgia 31402 Billy Milford Route 3 Hartwell Georgia 30643 John Adams 7 East Creekview Drive Rome Georgia 30161 Richard A Dent 2043 Rosalie Street Augusta Georgia 30901 John Hawkins 1211 Kingsley Circle NE Atlanta Georgia 30324 Appointed by the Governor Mrs Sue Jackson Route 5 Burnt Hickory Road Cartersville Georgia 30120 Frank Underwood 7 Altheal Parkway Kensington Park Savannah Georgia 31405 John Melton 3126 Oxford Road Augusta Georgia 30904 Appointed by the Secretary of State Roy F Chalker Jr Press Ready News Waynesboro Georgia 30830 Dr Kenneth Coleman Department of History University of Georgia Athens Georgia 30602 Alan S Gaynor PO Box 8608 Savannah Georgia 31402 Representing Organizations in Georgia William E Blair Americus Times Recorder Vienna Road Americus Georgia 31709 Joseph H Brown 811 East Morningside Dr NE Atlanta Georgia 30324 Trammel Carmichael Cherokee County Courthouse Route 5 Canton Georgia 30114 Dr William Gabard Valdosta State College Valdosta Georgia 31601 A Lester Henderson USAR Ret 637 East Liberty Street Savannah Georgia 31401 Vernon D Martin Box 1316 Brunswick Georgia 31520 George Anderson Mercer III 702 Washington Avenue Savannah Georgia 31405 G Harold Northrop Callaway Gardens Garden Services Inc Pine Mountain Georgia 31822 Gene Dyson 181 Washington Street SW ViceChairman Atlanta Georgia 30303 Frank M Pruet 1804 Danola Drive Waycross Georgia 31501 Ms Jean Hendrix WSBTV Radio 1601 W Peachtree Street NE Atlanta Georgia 30309 Mrs Arthur H Waite 5555 Roswell Road NE Apt V3 Atlanta Georgia 30342 W B Withers Mayor City of Moultrie Moultrie Georgia 31768 Dr James C Bonner Professor Emeritus of History Georgia College Milledgeville Georgia 31061 Exofficio members Secretary of State the Governor the Lieutenant Governor the Director of the Department of Archives History Commissioner of Agriculture the Speaker of the House of Representatives the Adjutant General of Georgia the Commissioner of the Department of Public Safety the State Superintendent of the Department of Education the Commissioner of the Department of Community Development the Commissioner of the Department of Natural Resources the Commissioner of the Department of Transportation the Governors Advisor on the Arts the Director of the Office of Planning Budget the Chancellor of the University System of Georgia BUILDING AUTHORITY GEORGIA BUILDING AUTHORITY HOSPITAL GEORGIA BUILDING AUTHORITY MARKETS GEORGIA BUILDING AUTHORITY PENAL GEORGIA Exofficio members are the same for each of the above Authorities Governor State Auditor Lieutenant Governor Commissioner of Agriculture Attorney General CLAIMS ADVISORY BOARD Exofficio members Secretary of State Chairman Commissioner Department of Human Resources Commissioner Department of Transportation COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Board of Nick Mamalakis 1st Cong Dist 302 LaFayette Circle Savannah A W Bill Jones 1st Cong Dist Sea Island Company Sea Island Frank Neel 2nd Cong Dist 521 Smith Ave Thomasville Billy G Fallin 2nd Cong Dist PO Box 665 Moultrie Maury A Klumok 3rd Cong Dist 600 Andrews Road Columbus John M Pope 3rd Cong Dist Box 786 Americus Mrs Ann A Crichton 4th CongDist Box 220 Decatur John K Porter ViceChairman 4th Cong Dist Healey Building Atlanta Sam Ayoub 5th Cong Dist PO Drawer 56487 Atlanta Robert West Sr 5th Cong Dist 3565 Gordon Road SW Atlanta XXVII Roger Schoerner 6th Cong Dist Carrollton C A Knowles 6th Cong Dist 1007 E College Griff in Robert T Garrison 7th Cong Dist 250 Garrison Road Marietta John T Fleetwood Sr 7th Cong Dist P O Box 70 Cartersville Hugh Lawson 8th Cong Dist 328 Commerce Street Hawkinsville Rever A Morris 8th Cong Dist Alma Harold L Smith 9th Cong Dist P O Box 736 Gainesville Ray W Gunnin 9th Cong Dist Box 49 Spalding Drive Norcross Julius Bishop Chairman 10th Cong Dist 2200 Jefferson Athens William B Kuhlke Jr lOth Cong Dist 3337 Milledgeville Road Augusta COMPENSATION State Commission on James H Blanchard 6200 Mountainview Drive Columbus Hobby Stripling Vienna Jim Wood 5676 Sequoia Drive Forest Park Owen Westbrook 537 Pinecrest Drive Bremen Alan S Gaynor P O Box 8608 Savannah Edward M McIntyre P O Box 1897 Augusta Charles L Gowen Chairman Trust Co of Ga Bldg Atlanta Mrs Barbara Muntean 6073 Kathie Court Ellenwood W O DuVall Atlanta Federal Savings Bldg Atlanta XXVIII E D Smith ViceChairman First National Bank Tower Atlanta Herbert L Mabry 6150 Ferry Drive N W Atlanta Howell Hollis P 0 Box 2707 Columbus CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS PUBLICATION BOARD Governor Chairman Lieutenant Governor Speaker House of Representatives CONSTITUTIONAL OFFICERS ELECTION BOARD Speaker House of Representatives Chairman Clerk House of Representatives President Pro Tempore of the Senate Secretary of the Senate Chairman Each Standing Committee of the General Assembly CONSUMER ADVISORY BOARD Fair Business Practices Act of 1975 Tim Ryles Administrator Rm 104 State Capitol Ronald E Ginsberg 14 East State Street Savannah James F Echols 147 Love Avenue Tifton John A Daniel Third Avenue Buena Vista Harry W Pettigrew Georgia Legal Services 15 Peachtree Street Suite 909 Atlanta A Gordon Oliver The Citizens Southern National Bank 99 Annex Atlanta Charles E Campbell 300 Fulton Federal Building Atlanta Betty C Godwin 318 Stewart Avenue Marietta Bernice Turner 301 American Federal Bldg P O Box 928 Macon XXIX Richard W Davidson The Cleveland Courier Cleveland T J Foss 1225 Greene Street Augusta James M Bell 675 Ponce de Leon Ave N E Atlanta J A Crockett P O Box 569 Vidalia Willie E Lockett Georgia Legal Services 309 Pine Avenue Albany Dr Sue Phelps 2706 Clearview Drive S E Rocky Face Dan P Young 2490 Cascade Road S W Atlanta GEORGIA CORRECTIONAL INDUSTRIES ADMINISTRATION William H Wiseman Chairman 1309 Martinique Drive Augusta John Aderhold 870 Fairfield Road N W Atlanta Jerry Anderson Box 177 Fort Gaines Harry Bexley 501 Pulliam Street S W Atlanta Gayle N Manley Vice Chairman 116 Mitchell Street Room 400 Atlanta CORRECTIONS State Board of Frank Easterlin Louisville A Burton Lee Chairman 990 Georgia Ave Macon Jack T Rutledge Vice Chairman 3416 Sue Mack Drive Columbus John Cox 2418 Bolling Brook Drive SW Atlanta Joseph C Underwood P O Box 235 Mount Vernon XXX J STATE CRIME COMMISSION Dr Harry Downs Chairman P O Box 285 Morrow George Murphy Vice Chairman P 0 Box 2150 Atlanta Albert W Thompson 210 Ninth Street Columbus Bert Hamilton 464 West Buford Road Macon Walt Drake P 0 Box 57 Decatur Robert L Fowler Helen Richmond D Hill P O Box 37 Greenville Charles Kent Box K Tifton J R Odum Albany Road Sylvester John Collins Rome Everette Price 22 Siebald Street Statesboro Leslie Summerford 225 Pine Avenue Albany Dwayne Gilbert 232 East Broad Street Griffin Franklin Thornton Walton County Courthouse Monroe Allen Stone Kings Chapel Road Perry Robert Vining Jr P O Box 596 Dalton Romae Powell 445 Capitol Avenue Atlanta Mack Sewell Jr 301 Courthouse Athens Richard E Allen 207 CityCounty Bldg Augusta Mrs Clarice Bagwell Route 6 Box 192 Canton XXXI Mrs Betty Hutchings 536 New Street Macon William R Killian 506 Monk Street Brunswick Dr George Napper 350 Spelman Lane S W Atlanta James Thompson Suite 131 1280 Winchester Parkway Smyrna Mrs E C Frazer III 1204 Third Avenue Albany Joseph White 2114 Mosley Street Savannah Walter B Russell Jr 921 Nottingham Dr Avondale Estates Exofficio members Governor of Georgia or his designee Attorney General of Georgia or his designee Commissioner Department of Offender Rehabilitation or his designee Commissioner Department of Human Resources or his designee Commissioner Department of Public Safety or his designee Chairman Judicial Council of Georgia or his designee President State Bar of Georgia or his designee Director Georgia Bureau of Investigation Representative State Court of Appeals Director Georgia Criminal Justice Council Director Georgia Police Academy CRIME INFORMATION CENTER Georgia Advisory Council for the Reid Merritt P O Box 352 Lawrenceville Ben J Miller Vice Chairman Upson County Courthouse Thomaston W Marcene Ellis Schley County Courthouse Ellaville Edwin R Johnston Chairman 104 Trinity Avenue S W Atlanta John C Swearingen Jr P O Box 2607 Columbus George Ward Elberton Bruce Bannister City Hall East Point XXXII Ms Phyllis Farrell 1418 N Camden Circle Savannah Jim E Higdon 1430 W Peachtree Street Atlanta Exofficio members Attorney General Commissioner of the Department of Offender Rehabilitation Commissioner of the Department of Public Safety Director of the State Division of Investigation of the Department of Public Safety or their designee CRIMINAL LAW STUDY COMMITTEE Marcus B Calhoun Thomasville Reid Merritt P 0 Box 352 Lawrenceville Robert S Stubbs II State Law Dept 132 Judicial Bldg Atlanta Robert H Walling 1st Nat Bank Bldg Atlanta F C Drexel Pembroke R Avon Buice Perry Harold G Clarke Forsyth Peyton S Hawes Jr 80 Broad St NW Atlanta G Robert Howard 218 Roswell St Marietta W W Larsen Jr P O Box 2002 Dublin Andy Roach P O Box 677 Canton Wayne Snow Jr P O Box 26 Rossville Jay Carroll Cox P O Box 37 Twin City James L Lester 985 Broad Street Augusta Leroy Johnson 1014 Gordon St SW Atlanta XXXIII Howard T Overby P 0 Box 636 Gainesville Julian T Webb 4th Fir Judicial Bldg Atlanta STATE DEPOSITORY BOARD Governor Comptroller General State Revenue Commissioner State Auditor Commissioner of Banking Finance Director Fiscal Services Division Dept of Administrative Services DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Georgia Dr Harry L Brown Chairman Mountain City Rooney Bowen Box 323 Vienna J W Fanning 397 Parkway Dr Athens H C Hearn Jr P O Box 248 Claxton Eldridge Perry Vice Chairman Buena Vista Jack B Ray Norwood Dean Hayes 502 College St Calhoun Billy E Nalls PO Box 31 Monticello Exofficio members Commissioner of Agriculture Commissioner Department of Community Development and a President and General Manager exoff elected by the Authority EDUCATION AUTHORITY SCHOOLS GEORGIA EDUCATION AUTHORITY UNIVERSITY GEORGIA 270 Washington St S W Room 207 Exofficio members are the same for the above Authorities Governor Attorney General XXXIV State Auditor Chairman State Board of Education Chairman Board of Regents University System of Georgia State Superintendent of Schools Chancellor University System of Georgia EDUCATION State Board of Roy A Hendricks Chairman 1st Cong Dist P O Box 177 Metter Thomas K Vann Jr2nd Cong Dist P 0 Box 1053 Thomasville A J McClung 3rd Cong Dist YMCA 1175 Brookhaven Blvd Columbus Ernest S Whaley4th Cong Dist 1086 Cleavemark Dr Clarkston Mrs Saralyn B Oberdorfer5th Cong Dist 6150 Mountain Brook Way N W Atlanta Kenneth Kilpatrick6th Cong Dist 101 N Main St Jonesboro James F Smith7th Cong Dist P O Box 464 Cartersville W Asbury Stembridge ViceChairman8th Cong Dist P O Box 4587 Macon Richard B Neville Jr9th Cong Dist P O Box 244 Cumming Mrs Carolyn Huseman10th Cong Dist 114 Clifton Dr Athens EDUCATIONAL IMPROVEMENT COUNCIL Georgia President of the Senate Speaker of the House of Representatives Chairman University System of Georgia Committee of the Senate Chairman Education Committee of the House Chairman Elementary and Secondary Education Committee of the Senate Chairman University System of Georgia Committee of the House of Representatives Senate Mbrs E M Pete McDuffie Route 6 Eastman House Mbrs Nathan Knight PO Box 1175 Newnan Virginia Shapard PO Box 54 Griffin Bobby A Wheeler Route 1 Alma GEORGIA POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION COMMISSION W Asbury Stembridge Chairman P 0 Box 4587 Macon Dr Hugh M Gloster ViceChairman President Morehouse College 233 Chestnut St S W Atlanta Richard C Owens P 0 Box 45 Ocilla Roy A Hendricks Metter Lamar Plunkett P 0 Box 579 Bowdon Charles Oxford 2411 Doublegate Drive Albany Dr Jerry M Williamson President Gordon Junior College Barnesville Mrs M D Parkman Apt 102 2400 N Briarwood Albany George Fellows Suite A125 3796 N Decatur Rd Decatur Wilmont B Ouzt P O Box 716 Sandersville William J Peterson Jr Soperton Manufacturing Company Soperton Ms Jessie Ebanks 3329 Pamlico Drive S W Atlanta Robert W Jackson President Tift College Forsyth Ms Dorothy Fierst Massey Junior College 56 Marietta St SW Atlanta Dr Pearlie C Dove 1053 Washington Heights Terrace N W Atlanta Representative Hugh Jordan 1284 Park Boulevard Stone Mountain Senator Terrell Starr 4766 Tanglewood Lane Forest Park XXXVI ELECTION BOARD State Rm 214 State Capitol Ben W Fortson Jr Secretary of State Chairman D B Howe Sr 18 Alabama Street Tallapoosa Mrs Melba R Williams ViceChairman 620 Forest Rd Athens Oscar N Persons 1200 Citizens Southern National Bank Bldg 35 Broad St N W Atlanta M M Muggsy Smith 174 The Prado Atlanta EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF GEORGIA Board of Trustees Labor Bldg Rm 592 Atlanta Paul E Manners First National Bank Bldg Atlanta Langdon C Sheffield Box 487 Americus Dr Jack P Nix State Superintendent of Schools 242 State Office Bldg Atlanta Frank C Smith Dept of Human Resources Atlanta Exofficio members State Auditor Chairman State Insurance Commissioner Director State Merit System EMPLOYMENT SECURITY AGENCY Board of Review Dock H Davis 126 17th Street Atlanta George Britton Smith 130 Amherst Place NW Atlanta Herbert C Green 1280 Winchester Parkway S E Smyrna ETHICS COMMISSION State Irving K Kaler Chairman 960 W Kingston Dr N E Atlanta Smythe Newsome ViceChairman 49 Lexington Avenue Washington XXXVII Mrs Lillian Lewis 1520 Pinehurst Drive S W Atlanta John Miller 2909 Abercorn Road Savannah Ben H Strickland Route 2 Hiram Secretary to Commission Ben W Fortson Jr Secretary of State EXECUTIVE CENTER FINE ARTS COMMITTEE Henry D Green Chairman 127 Colonial Drive St Simons Island Mrs Clayton H Farnham 30 Inman Circle N E Atlanta Mrs Roy Frangiamore 3875 Randall Mill Road N W Atlanta Mrs James B Gilbert 154 Shore Rush Drive St Simons Island Holcombe T Green 29 West Andrews Drive N W Atlanta Mrs William W Griffin 1330 West Garmon Road Atlanta Mrs Eugene A Medori Jr 4493 Cheri Glen Trail Stone Mountain Dr Hubert B Owens 215 Rutherford Street Athens Gudmund Vigtel 2082 Golf View Circle N E Atlanta FINANCING AND INVESTMENT COMMISSION Georgia State 270 Washington St S W Room 207 Governor Chairman President of the Senate Vice Chairman Speaker of the House of Representatives State Auditor SecretaryTreasurer The Attorney General Commissioner of Agriculture FOREST RESEARCH COUNCIL Georgia Dr H I Conner Chairman Vidalia XXXVIII J F Mathis Jr ViceChairman Twin City James L Jackson Route 1 Box 303H Wrightsville Duross Fitzpatrick Farm Bureau Bldg Cochran C Kenneth Hall Swainsboro Bill Davis PO Box 612 Madison Exofficio member Director State Forestry Commission FORESTRY COMMISSION State L H Morgan Chairman Eastman Walter George Beasley Lavonia Felton Denney Route 3 Carrollton Henry E Williams PO Box 339 Woodbine Eley C Frazer III PO Box 3250 Albany A Ray Shirley Director and Executive Secretary P 0 Box 819 Macon GEO L SMITH II GEORGIA WORLD CONGRESS CENTER AUTHORITY Julius F Bishop Mayor City of Athens City Hall Athens Ernest B Davis State Auditor Room 115 State Capitol Atlanta Jasper N Dorsey VicePresident Southern Bell Telephone Telegraph Co P 0 Box 3231 Atlanta Gene Dyson Chairman President Georgia Business Industry Assn 181 Washington St SW Atlanta Billy G Fallin Attorney at Law P O Box 665 Moultrie John T Fleetwood Sr P 0 Box 70 Cartersville XXXIX Ray W Gunnin Box 49 Spalding Drive Norcross Robert West Sr 3565 Gordon Rd S W Atlanta Nick Mamalakis 7 Bay Street East Savannah Hugh Lawson 328 Commerce St Hawkinsville Frank Neel ViceChairman 521 Smith Avenue Thomasville John M Pope Box 876 Rawley Road Americus Ford B Spinks Commissioner Public Service Commission Room 158 State Office Building 244 Washington St SW Atlanta Roger Schoerner Executive Vice President Southwire Company Carrollton HEALTH PLANNING Advisory Council for Comprehensive Eugene Owen Dept of Human Resources 47 Trinity Ave SW Atlanta H Neil Jackson Office of Planning Budget TrinityWashington Bldg Atlanta Dr J Gordon Barrow 938 Peachtree St NE Atlanta Billy J Clack Dept of Defense P 0 Box 17965 Atlanta Dr Claude Ivie 2328 Shasta Way NE Atlanta Dr Harry B ORear Vice Chancellor Board of Regents Medical College of Georgia Augusta John Blount Assistant Professor Georgia Southwestern College Americus George E Wolfe PO Box 268 Manchester Mrs Beverly B Long 1036 Somerset Dr NW Atlanta Boisfeuillet Jones President Emily and Ernest Woodruff Foundation Suite 210230 feachtree Street Atlanta Mrs Margie Jones 833 Kings Grant Dr NW Atlanta Jack Williams Waycross JournalHerald Waycross Dr Thomas G Renfroe Principal Brooks County High School Quitman Dr William Bellamy PhD Chairman Director North Georgia College Dahlonega Glen P Robinson Jr ViceChairman Scientific Atlanta 3845 Pleasantdale Rd Doraville George W Ford Jr P O Box 5624 Columbus Hugh Maret Maret Feed and Seed Hartwell Mrs R M Hair Jr Buena Vista Dr David J Griffin PO Box 1573 Brunswick Dr Abner G Moore 5918 Jonesboro Road Morrow Louis Maness 138 Hayes St Toccoa Mrs Barbara DeSha Dowl Georgia Nurses Association 269 10th St NE Atlanta Dr George Grant 310 N Tennessee Street Cartersville Gerald Bishop 4067 DeSoto Drive Columbus Mrs Clarence Dodson North Bond Trail Plains HERTY FOUNDATION Charles H William J McCormick Chairman P O Box 8668 Savannah H Lehman Franklin Jr ViceChairman P O Box 964 Statesboro Bobby R Dixon 202 Irene St Vidalia John E Ellington Soperton John S Laws Baxley HIGHER EDUCATION ASSISTANCE CORPORATION Ga Board of Directors of the Mrs Stanley Friedman1st Cong Dist 12 Stillwood Circle South Savannah Walter McCrary Jr2nd Cong Dist Citizens Bank Cuthbert Dr Carey T Vinzant3rd Cong Dist Chairman Tift College Forsyth Patrick L Mathis4th Cong Dist 3181 Rainbow Dr Decatur Dr Pearlie C Dove5th Cong Dist 1053 Washington Heights Terrace S W Atlanta Walter F Farr Sr6th Cong Dist The Fayette State Bank PO Box 2008 Peachtree City William Ingram7th Cong Dist Vice Chairman P O Box 308 Cartersville James McCallum8th Cong Dist Rt 1 Box 13 Broxton Billy Dilworth9th Cong Dist Camesville E Wilson Hawes10th Cong Dist Thomson Mrs R M HairState at Large Buena Vista L R TurpinState at Large Clarkesville XLII Exofficio members Chancellor University System of Georgia Chairman Board of Regents University System of Georgia Director Office of Planning and Budget State School Superintendent HIGHWAY AUTHORITY GEORGIA Exofficio members Governor Commissioner Dept of Transportation Director Office of Planning and Budget HOSPITAL ADVISORY COUNCIL 1st Cong Dist Mrs Shirley K Altman2nd Cong Dist 709 N Dawson St Thomasville Paul Sinclair3rd Cong Dist Montezuma John K Wingfield4th Cong Dist 1880 Chisholm Court Tucker Ms Lucille Hill5th Cong Dist 660 East Ave NE Atlanta Mrs Wilma W Shelnutt ViceChairman6th Cong Dist Lovejoy Alvin D Phillips Sr7th Cong Dist P O Box 2005 Ft Oglethorpe Reverend Albert Cardwell Chairman8th Cong Dist First Baptist Church 511 High Place Macon Reeder Tucker9th Cong Dist Royston N Dudley Horton10th Cong Dist Eatonton Rev A L KendrickState at Large 4328 Luxembourg Dr Decatur Dr J Curtis Lane Georgia Dental Association PO Box 367 Statesboro Millard L Wear Georgia Hospital Association 1319 3rd St Moultrie XLIII J L White Assn of Co Commissioners Jasper Dr George Chapman Ga Pharmaceutical Assn Vidalia Mrs Gladys Shaw Ga State Nurses Assn Pickens General Hospital Jasper Raymond Head Jr Ga Municipal Assn P 0 Box 222 Griffin Dr Donald R Rooney Medical Assn of Ga Kennestone Hospital Marietta Mrs Marian M StyronGa Assn of Nursing Homes Styrons Arrowhead Nursing Center Jonesboro Exofficio members Director Vocational Rehabilitation Division of the State Dept of Education Commissioner Dept of Human Resources HUMAN RESOURCES Board of Sister Mary Cornile1st Cong Dist 11705 Mercy Boulevard Savannah Hugh Gaston2nd Cong Dist 3210 Dawson Road Albany Dr Joseph M Turner2nd Cong Dist 712 E 18th St Tifton Dean Fowler3rd Cong Dist P 0 Drawer 307 Montezuma Dr B B Okel4th Cong Dist 2193 N Decatur Road Decatur Jack H Watson Jr5th Cong Dist Chairman 389 Pinetree Drive Atlanta Robert J Lipshutz5th Cong Dist ViceChairman 64 North Pryor St Atlanta Lee Roy Claxton6th Cong Dist 1125 Pine Valley Road Griffin Willis Haugen6th Cong Dist 15 Greenville St Newnan Dr Benjamin S Anderson Jr7th Cong Dist P O Box 508 Cedartown XLIV Reverend Nelson Price7th Cong Dist 431 Keeler Woods Dr N W Marietta Jim Hammock8th Cong Dist 401 East Jackson Dublin Dr M Donald Pittard9th Cong Dist Big Addington Road Toccoa Dr Robert Repass10th Cong Dist 687 S Milledge Ave Athens Dr Daniel F Ward10th Cong Dist 813 Windsor Court Augusta INTERSTATE FOREST FIRE PROTECTION COMPACT SOUTHEASTERN Advisory Committee Bob D Gilbert LaFayette C L Rhodes Jr Siloam Exofficio member Commissioner of Dept of Natural Resources as Compact Administrator for the State of Georgia Chairman INVESTIGATION Georgia Bureau of 1001 International Blvd Suite 800 Atlanta Ga 30354 Beverly E Ponder Director J H Stanley Division Director Investigation W E Boles Division Director GCIC L B Howard Division Director Crime Lab JEKYLL ISLAND STATE PARK AUTHORITY Exofficio members Secretary of State Chairman Public Service Commission Chairman State Auditor Director Parks and Recreation Division Dept of Natural Resources XLV Attorney General ViceChairman Mrs Madelyn Neill Assistant SecretaryTreasurer Rm 214 TrinityWashington Bldg JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Honorable William B Gunter Associate Justice Supreme Court of Georgia State Judicial Building Atlanta Georgia 30334 Honorable Robert H Hall Chairman Associate Justice Supreme Court of Georgia State Judicial Building Atlanta Georgia 30334 Honorable G Ernest Tidwell Judge of the Superior Court Atlanta Judicial Circuit Fulton County Courthouse Atlanta Georgia 30303 Honorable Hal Bell Judge of the Superior Courts Macon Judicial Circuit Bibb County Courthouse Macon Georgia 31208 Honorable Walter C McMillan Jr Judge of the Superior Courts Middle Judicial Circuit PO Box 701 Sandersville Georgia 31082 Honorable Marcus B Calhoun Judge of the Superior Courts Southern Judicial Circuit Thomasville Georgia 31792 Honorable J Bowie Gray ViceChairman J udge of the Superior Courts Tifton Judicial Circuit P O Box C Tifton Georgia 31794 XL VI Honorable Kenneth B Followill Judge of the State Court of Columbus Georgia Government Center Columbus Georgia 31902 Honorable William K Stanley Jr Judge of the Probate Court Bibb County Courthouse Macon Georgia 31208 Exofficio members President State Bar of Georgia Immediate Past President State Bar of Georgia JUDICIAL QUALIFICATIONS COMMISSION H H Perry Jr Chairman P O Box 527 Albany Howard Ector ViceChairman P O Box 4655 Atlanta A G Cleveland Jr Equitable Building 100 Peachtree St N E Atlanta Mrs Amilee Graves Washington Street Clarkesville Frank C Jones 500 First National Bank Bldg Macon Honorable A Richard Kenyon Judge of Superior Courts Northeastern Judicial Circuit Hall County Courthouse Gainesville Honorable Byron H Mathews Jr J udge State Court of Coweta County Coweta County Courthouse Newnan LAKE LANIER ISLANDS DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY Joseph E Cheeley Chairman 1st Commercial Bank Building Buford Russell Phillips 201 Morningside Dr Buford David A Rankin Jr Rankin Used Cars Gainesville L D Lawson Highland Court Rte 9 Box 366 Gainesville XLVII Dr Marcus Mashburn Jr ViceChairman Cumming Exofficio members Secretary of State Commissioner of Dept of Natural Resources Commissioner Dept of Community Development President Upper Chattahoochee Development Association Director Parks Historic Sites Division Dept of Natural Resources LITERATURE COMMISSION State Dr James P Wesberry 1700 Piedmont Ave NE Atlanta LONGTERM HEALTH CARE FACILITY ADVISORY COUNCIL E Thomas Stroud Chairman Plantation WayBlack Banks St Simons Island Gerald Bishop ViceChairman Vice President Medical Investments Corporation 1480 Sandtown Road Marietta Edward Bond Vice President Nursing Home Division Charter Medical Corporation 577 Mulberry Street Macon Joe Cobis Administrator Muscogee Manor 7150 Manor Road Columbus William C Davis Administrator LynnGray Nursing Homes P O Box 356 Gray J Fred Gunter Director of Planning South Fulton Hospital 1170 Cleveland Avenue East Point R Wayne Lowe P O Box 1501 Warner Robins Edward M McIntyre Pilgrim Health Life Insurance Company P O Box 904 Augusta H C Morrison 703 Drayton Street Savannah XLVIII MATERNAL AND INFANT HEALTH Council On Mrs Peggy Moyer Chairman University Health Center University of Georgia Athens Dr Lewis Levy M D ViceChairman Columbus Medical Center Columbus Mrs Ola M Ford 426 Woolf oik St Macon Dr T Schley Gatewood 205 S Lee St Americus Dr Frank M Houser Jr 2217 Rocky Face Circle Dalton Mrs Robert E Lee Jr 187 Lake Forest Dr Elberton Dr W Newton Long 79 Butler St SE Atlanta Mrs Bobbie Riley Box 26057 Grady Hospital Atlanta Dr Preston Lea Wilds Medical College of Georgia Augusta Mrs Larry C White 5398 Verdon Court Dunwoody C H Wilson Jr Hughes Spalding Pavilion Butler St Atlanta Dr Judson L Hawk Jr MD Chmn Ga Chapter American Academy of Pediatrics 3162 Piedmont Rd NE Atlanta Dr Joseph Morrison 4 Medical Arts Bldg Savannah MEDICAL EDUCATION BOARD State Dr H Calvin Jackson Chairman 209 Broad St Manchester Dr J C Serrato ViceChairman Doctors Bldg Columbus Dr Joseph L Girardeau 84 Wakefield Dr N E Atlanta Dr Henry G Neal Executive Secretary to Board of Regents SecretaryTreasurer XLIX Exofficio members President Medical Association of Georgia Immediate Past President Medical Association of Georgia GEORGIA MOTOR VEHICLE COMMISSION Robert J Eubanks Chairman Randall Blakely Griffin Seth L Knight Jr Rome Automobile Co 1325 Martha Berry Blvd Rome Robert R Meredith Meredith Chevrolet Box 28 Lavonia L Cohen Walker Sr Gray Walker Tractor Co Perry Don Yancey ViceChairman Yancey Brothers 7333 Lee Industrial Blvd Austell Robert M Matre Lilliston Corporation PO Box 407 Albany Harry V Ruth 2523 Fair Oaks Road Decatur Raymond W Lucia 2115 Mountain Creek Drive Stone Mountain Durward M Jones Rt 2 Ridgewood Estates Cornelia NATURAL RESOURCES Board of James F Darby1st Cong Dist Vidalia Leo T Barber Jr2nd Cong Dist 617 3rd Street Moultrie Dr Robert A Collins Jr3rd Cong Dist 212 Reese Street Americus George P Dillard4th Cong Dist 558 Church Street Decatur Mrs Mary Izard5th Cong Dist 4061 Glen Devon Dr NW Atlanta James A Mankin6th Cong Dist 1123 Pine Valley Road Griffin Lloyd L Summer Jr7th Cong Dist 4 Horseleg Creek Road Rome L J Wimbric Walker8th Cong Dist P0 Box 128 McRae Donald J Carter ViceChairman9th Cong Dist Box 535 Gainesville L B Bassford10th Cong Dist 2125 Gardner Street Augusta Sam CoferCoastal Counties P 0 Box R St Simons Island Leonard FooteState at Large 380 Maple Avenue Marietta Wade H Coleman ChairmanState at Large 2406 Briarwood Drive Valdosta James D ConeState at Large 554 Tall wood Drive Stone Mountain A Calhoun Todd JrState at Large 294 Idle Wild Road Macon NORTH GEORGIA MOUNTAINS AUTHORITY Same membership as Board of Natural Resources OFFENDER REHABILITATION Board of Joe T Andrews P 0 Box 199 Milledgeville Charles Hill Blairsville Rev E C Gene Tillman 1910 Kay Ave Brunswick Jimmy C Murphy Swainsboro Exofficio members State Board of Corrections PEACE OFFICERS STANDARDS AND TRAINING COUNCIL Georgia Jack Crane ViceChairman City Hall Dublin Lawrence E Mahaney Chairman 1513 Kings Way Savannah Jimmy E Bloodworth Sheriff Bibb County Macon Robert Lane Supt Training Division Atlanta Police Dept Atlanta Millard S Kennedy Preston Leslie Summerford Chief of Police City Hall Albany Exofficio members Attorney General Commissioner Dept Public Safety President Ga Sheriffs Assn President Ga Mun Assn President Assn Co Commissioners of Ga President Peace Officers Assn of Ga President Ga Chiefs of Police Assn STATE PROPERTIES COMMISSION Governor Chairman State Auditor ViceChairman Secretary of State Secretary Attorney General Director Fiscal Division Department of Administrative Services Hines L Brantley South Broad Street Metter J Floyd Harrington 120 N Elbert Street Milledgeville James W Paris P O Box 527 Winder James Mason P 0 Box 326 Snellville Robert R Meredith Route 1 Lavonia Zell Miller Room 418 State Capitol LII GEORGIA RESIDENTIAL FINANCE AUTHORITY Thomas T Sonny Shealy Vice President Fielding Walker 577 Mulberry Street Macon Charles W Yeargin 320 Elbert Street Elberton Permanent members Governor Commissioner of Community Development State Auditor Director of the Financing and Investment Division of the Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission Exofficio member The Executive Director of the Authority SAFETY Board of Public Jimmy E Bloodworth County Courthouse Macon Edward H Burruss 268 Collier Dr Smyrna J Lane Johnston District Attorney Ogeechee Judicial Circuit Statesboro Ted King ViceChairman 125 Perimeter Center West Atlanta John L Kennedy 970 Hunter St Atlanta Thomas D Morgan Conyers Exofficio members Governor Chairman Attorney General Commissioner of the Department of Offender Rehabilitation SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION COMMITTEE State P Austin Rheney P O Box 246 Wadley Herbert C Hawkins P 0 Box 68 Roswell Amon Corn Chairman Amon Corn Printing Co Cumming J Frank Murrah 299 Wall Street Richland Exofficio members Director State Agricultural Extension Service Commissioner Department of Natural Resources LIII Director Georgia Agricultural Experiment Stations Executive Director Agricultural Stabilization Conservation Service Georgia State Director Farmers Home Administration Director Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Center President Georgia Association of Conservation Districts Director Georgia Forestry Commission Georgia Supervisor of Natural Forests of the US Forestry Service State Conservationist of the Soil Conservation Service Dean of the State College of Agriculture Athens Georgia Director Vocational Agriculture in Georgia Commissioner of Agriculture of Georgia and such other representatives of State or Federal agencies as the State Committee deems desirable SOUTHERN GROWTH POLICIES BOARD Members Governor J Robin Harris P 0 Box 968 Decatur Paul Duke 3320 Holcombe Bridge Road Norcross Senator John R Riley P O Box 9641 Savannah SOUTHERN REGIONAL EDUCATION Board of Control for Dr Prince Albert Jackson Jr Savannah State College Savannah Lamar R Plunkett 50 Morris Street Bowdon George L Simpson Jr Rm 468 New State Office Bldg Atlanta Chappelle Matthews 306 Southern Mutual Bldg Athens Exofficio member Governor The Honorable David Pryor Chairman Governor of Arkansas Gordon W Blackwell ViceChairman President Furman University Greenville S C STONE MOUNTAIN MEMORIAL ASSOCIATION Mrs Susan Anthony West Valley Road Lawrenceville LIV George M D John Hunt III Box 1005 Tifton J Michael Florence 2213 Willivee Place Decatur Exofficio members Attorney General Chairman Commissioner of Agriculture ViceChairman Chairman of Public Service Commission Secretary of State TOLLWAY AUTHORITY State Exofficio members Governor Commissioner Dept of Transportation Director Office of Planning and Budget STATE TRANSPORTATION BOARD J O Bacon1st Cong Dist Pembroke Hugh D Broome2nd Cong Dist Donalsonville Frank Morast Jr ViceChairman3rd Cong Dist P O Box 57 Columbus William M Evans4th Cong Dist 5390 Silver Hill Trail Stone Mountain Peyton S Hawes Jr5th Cong Dist 2467 Montview Drive N W Atlanta Young H Longino6th Cong Dist PO Box 37 Fairburn Tom Mitchell Chairman7th Cong Dist P 0 Box 1051 Dalton James L Jimmy Conner8th Cong Dist Hazlehurst William Troy Simpson9th Cong Dist Cornelia D Douglas Barnard Jr10th Cong Dist 699 Broad St Augusta UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA Board of Regents Erwin A Friedman1st Cong Dist 14 East State St Savannah Charles T Oxford2nd Cong Dist 2411 Double Gate Dr Albany Dr John H Robinson III3rd Cong Dist 629 E Forsyth Americus LV Dr John R Richardson4th Cong Dist Route 4 Box 57 Conyers Eldridge W McMillian5th Cong Dist 2167 Bent Creek Way SW Atlanta David Tisinger6th Cong Dist 202 Tanner St Carrollton James D Maddox7th Cong Dist 102 E 2nd Avenue Rome Charles A Harris8th Cong Dist Chairman P 0 Box 5 Ocilla P R Bobby Smith9th Cong Dist Route 2 Winder Carey Williams10th Cong Dist Greensboro Dr John A Bell Jr ViceChairmanState at Large Dublin Med Arts Center Dublin Jesse Hill JrState at Large 781 Lynn Circle SW Atlanta Rufus B CoodyState at Large Route 3 Vienna Lamar R PlunkettState at Large PO Box 399 Bowdon Milton JonesState at Large P O Box 2607 Columbus VETERANS SERVICE State Board of B L Hawkins Chairman Railroad Ave Gainesville R D Smith Jr ViceChairman 4695 N Peachtree Rd Atlanta Tommy Clack 81 Rue Fontaine Decatur Hugh H Howell Jr Mark Bldg Atlanta Norman W Miller II 2190 Boulevard Granada SW Atlanta Emmett W Gore Jr 608 Villa Crest Ave Macon Jere N Moore 751 Habersham Milledgeville LVI VOCATIONAL EDUCATION State Advisory Council Dr Doris H Adams 3270 Imperial Drive Macon Sibley Bryan Jr P O Box 307 Union Point Richard B Cobb ViceChairman 3174 Flamingo Drive East Point Mrs Ellen Coody 1242 Wild Creek Trail N E Atlanta Aaron Cook 3232 Pasadena Drive Macon John R Hawkins Washington Road Lincolnton Dr Howard Jordan 2640 Laurens Circle S W Atlanta Richard C Owens Sr Chairman Route 1 Box 174 Ocilla Representative L L Pete Phillips Box 166 Soperton Fred Rich 2138 Greencrest Drive Atlanta Richard W Shinhoster 2209 Jordan Drive Savannah Roy L Simmons Jr 4275 Blackland Drive Marietta Dr John W Teel 68 Sunset Boulevard Brunswick Senator Jimmy Hodge Timmons 132 South Woodlawn Blakely Howard Waters 917 Sixth Avenue Albany Howard L Weeks 3610 Preakness Drive Decatur Mrs Lynda Weissman 1953 Timothy Drive N E Atlanta Dr George S Whatley 2608 Habersham Avenue Columbus Robert White 3270 Anne Laine Drive Atlanta H W Wiley 13 Avondale Plaza Avondale Estates Penn Worden 2159 Superior Place Decatur LVII WOMEN Commission on the Status of Ms Connie Schlak Chairman 4713 Mark Court Lilburn Mrs Mamie K Taylor ViceChairman 1137 Briarcliff Road N E Atlanta WORKMENS COMPENSATION MEDICAL BOARD Dr A B Conger Chairman Doctors Bldg Suite 206 711 Center Street Columbus Dr Paul L Bradley 202 W Waugh Street Dalton Dr Beverly B Sanders Jr 700 Spring Street Macon Dr Albert M Davis 75 Piedmont Ave NE Suite 500 Atlanta Dr J D Christian Jr 1130 Peachtree Road Augusta PROFESSIONAL EXAMINING BOARDS Division of Secretary of State 166 Pryor St S W Atlanta James E Skrine Joint Secretary Mrs Shirley Cowart Deputy Joint Secretary ACCOUNTANCY State Board of James E Bates 203 Wisteria Drive N E Gainesville Sam DuBose Chairman Way cross Charles W Jenkins ViceChairman P O Box 3069 Albany J Bradley Haynes Box 711 Rome Ernest M Acree P O Box 39 Dalton LVIII ARCHITECTS State Board for Examination Qualification and Registration of Thomas H Brookbank President 1661 Thirteenth St Columbus Bernard B Rothschild 44 Broad St NW Atlanta N A Jacobs Jr 1384 Springdale Rd N E Gainesville James M Hunt Elberton Zeb Vance Lackey VicePresident 108 E College St Valdosta GEORGIA AUCTIONEERS COMMISSION Joe Ellis Route 11 Hidden Harbor Road Gainesville Roy H Holland P O Box 14 Dexter Ben G Hudson Jr Chairman 3683 Houston Avenue Macon John L Gross ViceChairman Route 5 Huntington Road Rome Lynn Dempsey 302 W Third Street Rome BARBERS Georgia State Board of Daniel G Albright Chairman 2110 Howell Mill Rd NW Atlanta Melvin A Clay 815 Shorter Ave Rome Donald Alton Wade Route 2 Alma BUILDING ADMINISTRATIVE BOARD State George Bullock Chairman Clarke County Courthouse Athens T Z Chastain ViceChairman 2336 Leafmore Drive Decatur Charles Yeargin M Y Corporation P O Box 584 Elberton LIX Robert Balk First Federal Savings Loan P 0 Box 1332 Augusta John R Street Jr 386 Polk Street N W Marietta John B Manley Jr 1600 Cave Road N W Atlanta T T Flagler Jr 1795 W Wesley Road NW Atlanta John J Neely Jr Mayor City of Butler Butler Exofficio members Secretary of State Commissioner De partment of Human Resources Georgia Safety Fire Com missioner CHIROPRACTIC EXAMINERS Georgia Board of Dr Hoyt B Duke 1248 Greene St Augusta Dr Donald N Parkerson VicePresident 701 Anson Ave Eastman Dr Gerald W Holloway Quitman Dr Eugene E Sparlin 923 Dill Ave S W Atlanta Dr Deane Mink President 200 E Gordon St Valdosta COSMETOLOGY Georgia State Board of Mrs Ruth Reddy Chairman P O Box 516 Hahira Mrs Drucilla A Crawford 1518 Marrow Avenue Columbus Mrs Mary Bryant Milam ViceChairman Box 250 Palmetto Ms Clarissa Hulsey 1350 Thompson Bridge Road Gainesville Mrs Edna West 302 Ponce de Leon Place Decatur DENTAL EXAMINERS OF GEORGIA Board of Dr William R Jerles Box 58 Perry LX Dr Richard B Ross 301 Broome Street LaGrange Dr Murray Stein President 809 Keelway Rome Dr Marilyn E Stone Apt 2016 1501 Clairmont Rd Decatur Dr Walter B Stillwell Jr VicePresident 211 E 31st St Savannah Dr Robert H Jordan 2775 Engle Rd NW Atlanta Dr Ronald E Harrell Donalsonville Dr George J Schuette 2705 Church St East Point Dr Lewis H Williams P O Box 967 Toccoa ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS Georgia State Board of Paul C Rosser Chairman 3794 Land OLakes Drive Atlanta P J Wise ViceChairman Plains Brice Bishop Chief Inspector City of Athens Athens William P McCuen 820 E 70th Street Savannah Bill E Grice 750 Austin Drive S E Smyrna Charles Harry McLendon Route 1 Christian Circle Conyers Joe N Guy 830 Overhill Court N W Atlanta ENGINEERS AND LAND SURVEYORS State Board of Registration for Professional Emory C Parrish Dept of Transportation 2 Capitol Square Atlanta Roger Brown Chairman 3501 Edgewood Cir Gainesville T E Stivers ViceChairman P O Box 608 Decatur LXI Francis Robert Prybylowski 209 E Parkwood Rd Decatur Preston E Newman 188 15th St N W Atlanta James J Shannon Executive Director 166 Pryor St S W Atlanta FORESTERS State Board of Registration for John F Sisley Chairman P 0 Box 1551 Rome Jack M Hall Franklin Heights Meigs Post Road Moultrie Ben C Meadows ViceChairman 553 Amsterdam Ave NE Atlanta A Ray Shirley P 0 Box 1077 Macon Archie E Patterson School of Forest Resources University of Georgia Athens FUNERAL SERVICE Georgia State Board of William S Hutchings 536 New St Macon Ernest C Huey President Canton Benjamin Hatcher HatcherPeoples Funeral Home 820 Wright Street Thomasville George L DeLoach Waynesboro Glyndon Music Vice President 402 W Main St Lakeland J Gary Curry P O Box 379 Swainsboro GEOLOGISTS State Board of Registration for Professional Dr Howard R Cramer Geology Department Emory University Atlanta James W Erwin Chairman U S Army Corps of Engineers South Atlantic District 30 Pryor Street Atlanta LXII Charles R Livingston Livingston Associates 2971 Flowers Road South Atlanta John M Smith Georgia Kaolin Company Dry Branch James B Talley ViceChairman Department of Natural Resources 815 TrinityWashington Bldg Atlanta Exofficio member Sam Pickering Department of Natural Resources 815 TrinityWashington Bldg Atlanta HEARING AID DEALERS AND DISPENSERS Georgia State Board of Donald D Skaarer Chairman 2026A Lawrenceville Hwy Decatur Hugh Bray 7330 Lullwater Road Columbus George Vollhaber Vice Chairman 1503 N Decatur Rd N E Atlanta Dr J A Carter Suite 501 Sheffield Memorial Building 1938 Peachtree Rd N W Atlanta Dr John C Bess VA Hospital 1670 Clairmont Rd NE Decatur LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTS Georgia State Board of James P Hudson Chairman 1480 Oconee Pass N E Atlanta William E Beery 115 Hancock Lane Athens William A Spooner 87 Walton Street Atlanta LIBRARIANS State Board for the Certification of Mrs Roy Bowen Swainsboro High Swainsboro Dr Virginia L Jones ViceChairman 223 Chestnut St S W Atlanta University Atlanta Mrs Elizabeth Moore 207 Coney Street Dublin LXIII Delmas Wheeler Chairman 106 Morningside Dr Vidalia Exofficio member Secretary Georgia Library Commission MEDICAL EXAMINERS Composite State Board of Dr Hassie H Trimble Jr President 17 West Central Ave Moultrie Dr Albert M Deal 1st Cong District P 0 Box 420 Statesboro Dr William J Morton 2nd Cong District P 0 Box 420 Cairo I H Dr James Crawford Dudley VicePresident 3rd Cong Dist Crawford St Americus Dr M Virginia Tuggle 4th Cong District 1336 Columbia Drive Decatur Dr Bernard J Bridges 5th Cong District 2600 Gordon Road SW Atlanta Dr Ben H Jenkins 6th Cong District 8 Lee St Newnan Dr George T Mims 7th Cong District Rt 4 GordonCombs Rd Marietta Dr Duncan Farris 8th Cong District PO Box 177 Waycross Dr Robert E Thompson 9th Cong District 800 E Doyle Street Toccoa Dr Thomas G Douglass 10th Cong District 1467 Harper Street Augusta Dr A R Haight 2170 Idlewood Rd Tucker C L Clifton Executive Director 166 Pryor St S W Atlanta GEORGIA BOARD OF NURSING Sister M Antonette RN St Marys Hospital Athens Mrs Rosella Deriso R N President Georgia Southwestern College Americus Dr Dorothy Thompson White R N School of Nursing Medical College of Georgia Augusta Miss Loretta Roberts R N Vice President P O Box 35 Suwanee Mrs Verdelle B Bellamy R N 1824 Tiger Flowers Drive NW Atlanta LX IV PRACTICAL NURSES OF GEORGIA Board of Examiners Mrs Kathleen Mull Chairman Rt 2 Box 1086 Hampton Mrs Gladys A Blackwell ViceChairman Rt 1 Box 163 College Park Mrs Iula Stiggers Rt 1 Box 440 West Point Ms Roselle Tobias 101 Griggs Street Marietta Mrs Grace B Knight Route 1 Hiawassee NURSING HOME ADMINISTRATORS Georgia State Board of Dr James C Metts Jr Chairman 110 W Gaston St Savannah Dr Harvey Mitchell Baptist Village Inc P 0 Box 1100 Waycross W Kenneth Carithers Nursecare of Clayton County 315 Upper Riverdale Road Riverdale Bernard L Brown Jr Kennestone Hospital Marietta H C Morrison 703 Drayton Street Savannah Gene Clark ViceChairman 105 Brown Fox Drive Rome E C Nelson Green Acres Nursing Home Allen Memorial Drive Milledgeville Ben E Crawford Cherokee Nursing Home Inc 1387 U S Highway 41 North Calhoun Ms Catherine Summerlin Dept of Nursing Education Georgia College Box 28 Milledgeville Colan Taylor Kennedy Memorial Nur Home P O Box 356 Metter Dr C O Templeton Crestwood Nur Home PO Box 702 Valdosta LXV William Barrett 515 Highland Ave Athens OPTICIANS State Board of Dispensing George Dobbs Chairman Rome John C Eldridge 2705 Church St East Point Rex Snell 947 Finley Street Griffin William Jennings Murphy 1500 Johns Rd Augusta OPTOMETRY Georgia State Board of Examiners in Dr I Dell Engram Jr 180 W Broad Street Fairburn Dr Walter R Wilson Jr Box 511 Douglas Dr B E Popham Chairman 1 Walton Street Cedartown Dr Elias Saliba ViceChairman Hartwell Dr William W Cuthbertson 102 Larkin Street Cornelia PHARMACY Georgia State Board of I Pete Mills Jr 201 East Cotton Avenue Millen William L Norris Manor Pharmacy 1207 Watson Blvd Warner Robins Arthur Hugh Redding Blakely Mrs Barbara Levine President 500 Mountain Way NE Atlanta William A Atkins Vice President A M Drugs Spring Road Smyrna PHYSICAL THERAPY Board of Miss Glory Sanders Chairman 3272 Pine Stream Rd NE Atlanta LX VI Charles E Hackney 2185 2nd Ave Decatur Mrs Frances A Curtiss ViceChairman 3265 Valley Rd NW Atlanta Mrs Pat Swain Costen Medical College of Georgia Augusta Ms Jackie Maiden Memorial Medical Center Savannah PLUMBING CONTRACTORS State Board of Examiners of Claude Daniel1st Cong Dist 722 E 39th St Savannah John Gay2nd Cong Dist PO Box 1867 Albany J C Bray3rd Cong Dist 2807 Norris Rd Columbus Charles Ingram4th Cong Dist Chairman 2037 S Candler Rd Decatur Dwayne L Brown5th Cong Dist ViceChairman 559 Tara Trail N W Atlanta Paul T Addis6th Cong Dist 4446 Glade Rd Forest Park Virgil B Harper Jr7th Cong Dist Rt 2 Johnson Ferry Rd Marietta R J Roebuck8th Cong Dist 1107 Cedar St Brunswick B L Hawkins9th Cong Dist Industrial Blvd Gainesville Vacant10th Cong Dist G Sidney Hampton 2452 Antwerp Dr SE Atlanta Marion Lee 4597 Darlene Way Tucker James D Dorsey 481 Page Ave NE Atlanta Wylie Mitchell 819 Blossom St S W Atlanta Rupert W Bazemore 120 Romml Ave Garden City LXVII PODIATRY EXAMINERS State Board of Dr Glenn Dowling Chairman 425 Pine Albany Dr A R Pitts 2200 N Patterson St Valdosta Dr E Dalton McGlamry 1649 Brockett Road Tucker POLYGRAPH EXAMINERS Board of W A Robinson Chairman 1836 Meadow Glades Dr Decatur Walter H Maddox Jr 4371 Glenwood Rd Apt Ll Decatur S W Brown 164812th Ave Columbus Terrell D Craven 120 Hanover PI Apt 3 Athens James Huckabee ViceChairman 68 Brookwood Dr NE Atlanta Major Barney G Ragsdale 815 TrinityWashington Bldg Atlanta PRIVATE DETECTIVE AND PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCIES Georgia Board of Steven Van Cleave Suite 118 175 West Wieuca Rd Atlanta John B F Dillon Jr 2726 Parkview Drive N E Atlanta L Chandler Eavenson Chairman 3552 N Druid Hills Road Decatur Bob Hightower Director of Public Safety Cobb County Courthouse Marietta J Ransome Chief Holland Chief of Security Union Camp Corporation Savannah John W Crunkleton Chief of Police Lawrenceville PSYCHOLOGISTS State Board of Examiners of Dr William K Boardman Dept of Psychology Univ of Ga Athens LXVIII Cecil K Harbin Chairman 2322 Henderson Mill Ct Atlanta Dr Prentiss M Hosford ViceChairman 1080 Northcliffe Dr Atlanta Dr Virginia Zachert Learning Material Medical College of Georgia Augusta Dr N Archer Moore 2009 Vineville Ave Macon REAL ESTATE COMMISSION Georgia C Dan Blackshear Chairman 1500 Dawson Rd Albany Mrs Patsy G Cooper 1355 13th Ave Columbus Harold A Dawson ViceChairman Suite 301 2945 Stone Hogan Road SW Atlanta Donald B King 822 Roswell SE Marietta Ralph NeSmith 1410 Mall Blvd Savannah Elmer A Borgschatz Commissioner 166 Pryor Street S W Atlanta RECREATION EXAMINERS OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA Board of James R Champlin Chairman CoOrd Parks Rec University of Georgia Athens Dr H Douglas Leavitt ViceChairman Head Recreation Curr Ga Southern College Statesboro Jimmy Miller Cobb County Recreation Dept Marietta Claude M Lewis PO Box 960 Warner Robins SANITARIANS State Board of Examiners for Registered Professional P Raymond Summerlin Chairman 3141 Toney Drive Decatur LXIX Garnett H Dehart 314 State Health Bldg Atlanta Dr Herbert B Henderson College of Agriculture University of Ga Athens Eucle George 220 Kingsway Dr Warner Robins Charles L Williams 722 Kingston Ave Rome SPEECH PATHOLOGY AND AUDIOLOGY State Board of Examiners For Ms Marcia Mason 2383 Akers Mill Road Apt C15 Atlanta Ms Anne W Herbert Division of Physical Health Department of Human Resources 618 Ponce de Leon Avenue Atlanta Dr Lawrence L Durisch Jr 304 S Enota Drive Gainesville Ms Marcia M Arnold ViceChairman HMMH 2300 N Patterson Street Hillcrest Apts 34 Valdosta Sol Rundbaken PhD 1206 East 66th Street Savannah Dr Winfred Harris I Clark College 240 Chestnut Street S W Atlanta STRUCTURAL PEST CONTROL COMMISSION Bernard Kolkana Orkin Exterminating Co Inc 2170 Piedmont Rd NE Atlanta R L Tindol Jr 2070 Liddell Dr NE Atlanta Wendell P Burton ViceChairman T Y Gibson Pest Control Company P O Box 4552 Macon ExOfficio members LXX Russell F Hall Department of Human Resources 47 Trinity Ave SW AtiEntR Dr Horace 0 Lund Athenmen Entomology University of Georgia Carl M Scott Jr Chairman Director Division of Entomology Agriculture Bldg Room 304 Atlanta USED CAR DEALERS State Board of Registration of C B Altman 1st Cong Dist Altman Pontiac Co Statesboro Harry Crews 2nd Cong Dist Harry Crews Motors 106 W Oglethorpe Albany SUM Dougherty ViceChairman 3rd Cong Dist 2943 Auburn Ave Columbus Ski Bashinski Jr 4th Cong Dist Rm 129 3009 Rainbow Dr Decatur William E Clark 5th Cong Dist Sylvan Motors 3511 Heritage Valley Rd SW Atlanta Robert J Eubanks 6th Cong Dist Randall Blakely Inc 1000 W Taylor Griffin David Brackett 7th Cong Dist B W Motor Car Co 1013 Martha Berry Blvd Rome James W King 8th Cong District Kings Used Cars Inc 891 Second Street Macon Jim Pethel Chairman 9th Cong Dist 104 Grove St S W Gainesville V Jack Craven 10th Cong Dist Ga Rrd Bank Trust Co 699 Broad Street Augusta DEALERS IN USED MOTOR VEHICLE PARTS State Board of Registration for LXXI Steve Whitmire Chairman P 0 Box 324 Conyers Hugh Blanton Blanton Auto Parts Valdosta Roy Holland Dexter Charles Holcomb Sheriff Watkinsville B M Pike 130 Lakeside Dr Griffin Lester Kennedy RFD 1 Commerce Marion Smith II 1858 Anjaco Rd NW Atlanta H T Sullivan P O Box 2262 Macon Aubrey L Melton Police Dept 109 Lanier Blvd Norcross George T Brown ViceChairman AAA Auto Parts P O Box 6553 200 Brennan Road Columbus VETERINARY MEDICINE State Board of Dr Herman Westmoreland Chairman 1432 Riverside Drive Macon Dr W F Bozeman ViceChairman Adel Dr Dan H Fincher 2445 Cobb Dr SE Smyrna Dr Horace G Blalock Jr 2124 Highland Avenue Augusta Dr E D Davis 515 Clifton Terrace Carrollton WARM AIR HEATING CONTRACTORS State Board of Examiners of John G Mauldin Chairman 3073 Panthersville Rd Decatur LXXII Bob Wesley Dean 3482 Piedmont Rd NE Atlanta R L Reiley 112 Tyler Terrace West Point M A Smith Jr ViceChairman Inspection Department DeKalb County Decatur Ashley Hardage Thomas Exec Dir Maintenance Operation Atlanta Public Schools 224 Central Ave Atlanta WOPERAToSWStTESAiE5 TREATMENT PLANT UiJiiKATORS State Board of Examiners for Certified James C Meredith Chairman 2345 Greenglade Rd NE Atlanta aJvn Simmons ViceChairman Route 3 Acworth Robert H Byers 3004 San Jose Drive Decatur A T Storey 2570 Chattahoochee Cir NW Atlanta John Winford Sosebee Route 3 Toccoa LXXIII LEGISLATIVE MANUAL OFFICERS OF THE SENATE 1976 1 ZELL MILLERLieutenant Governor President AL HOLLOWAY President Pro Tempore HAMILTON McWHORTER JR gLSWy of the Senate PAT JARVIS Doorkeeper WINSTON PITTMAN Messenger JOHN R RILEY PAUL D COVERDELL TERRELL STARR Majority Leader Minority Leader Administration Floor Leader 2 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL MEMBERS OF THE SENATE OF GEORGIA ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED ACCORDING TO NAMES WITH DISTRICTS AND POST OFFICES FOR THE TERM 19751976 Senators District Address Ballard W D Don Banks Peter L Barker Ed Barnes Roy E Bell Robert H Bond Julian Brantley Haskew H Jr Broun Paul Brown M Parks Carter Hugh A Coverdell Paul D 1122 Monticello St SW Covington Ga 30209 314 Thomaston Street Barnesville Ga 30204 PO Drawer KK Warner Robins Ga 31093 639 Maran Drive Mableton Ga 30059 2535 Henderson Mill Rd NE Atlanta Ga 30345 39th 361 Westview Drive SW Atlanta Ga 30310 56th6114 Riverside Dr NW Atlanta Ga 30328 46th165 Pulaski Street Athens Ga 30601 47thPO Box 37 Hartwell Ga 30643 14thPO Box 97 Plains Ga 31780 40thSuite 607 1447 Peachtree St NE Atlanta Ga 30309 340 Wingfoot Street Rockmart Ga 30153 612 Cherry Street Jesup Ga 31545 Dean Nathan31st Dean Roscoe E Jr6th 45th 17th 18th 33 rd5th LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 3 Senators District Address Doss Sam W Jr u52ndPO Box 431 n T Rome Ga 30161 Duncan J Ebb30thPO Box 26 iTii j I I Carrollton Ga 30117 Eldndge Frank 7thPO Box 1141 T I H Waycross Ga 31501 Fincher W W Bill Jr i 54thPO Box 149 Foster John C fi Knth Garrard Ed 37th Chatsworth Ga 30705 PO Box 100 Cornelia Ga 30531 956 Plymouth Road NE Atlanta Ga 30306 Gilhs Hugh M Sr20thPO Box 148 Soperton Ga 30457 Hamilton Bert 526th464 West Buford Road Macon Ga 31204 Hamilton James R Duck 34th4745 Stonewall Tell Rd College Park Ga 30337 Hill Render siatr 29th Holley R Eugene ISEsJL22nd Holloway A1 ith Howard Pierre Jr42nd Hudgins Floyd ihI5th Hudson Perry J 35th Kennedy Joseph E 4th Kidd Culver 25th PO Box 246 Greenville Ga 30222 Suite 1500 Southern Finance Bldg Augusta Ga 30902 PO Box 588 Albany Ga 31702 600 First National Bank Bldg Decatur Ga 30030 2440 Manchester Expressway Columbus Ga 31904 3380 Old Jonesboro Rd Hapeville Ga 30354 PO Box 246 Claxton Ga 30417 PO Box 370 Milledgeville Ga 31061 4 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Senators District Address Langford J Beverly 51st PO Box 277 Calhoun Ga 30701 Lester Janies L Jimmy 23rd First Federal Sav Bldg 985 Broad Street Augusta Ga 30902 Lewis Preston B Jr 21st PO Box 88 Waynesboro Ga 30830 McDowell Henry 2nd 8303 Royal Oal Drive Savannah Ga 31406 McDuffie E M Pete 19th Route 6 Eastman Ga 31023 McGill Sam P 24th PO Box 520 Washington Ga 30673 Overby Howard T 49th PO Box 636 Gainesville Ga 30501 Pearce H Norwood 16th PO Box 2312 Columbus Ga 31902 Reynolds Steve 48th PO Box 303 Lawrenceville Ga 30245 Riley John R 1st PO Box 9641 Savannah Ga 31402 Robinson Lee 27th 864 Winchester Circle Macon Ga 31204 Russell Henry P Jr lOth Route 1 Boston Ga 31626 Shapard Mrs Virginia 28th PO Box 54 Griffin Ga 30223 Starr Terrell 44th PO Box 545 Forest Park Ga 30050 Stephens Jack L 36th 2484 Macon Drive SE Atlanta Ga 30315 Stumbaugh Lawrence Bud i 55th 1071 Yemassee Trail Stone Mtn Ga 30083 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 5 Senators Summers E G Sutton Franklin Tate Dr Horace E Thompson Joe Timmons Jimmy Hodge Traylor Mell Turner Dr Loyce Tysinger James W Warren George T II Young Martin District Address 53rdPO Box 499 LaFayette Ga 30728 9thRoute 1 Norman Park Ga 31771 38th621 Lilia Drive SW Atlanta Ga 30310 32ndPO Box 1045 Smyrna Ga 30080 11th132 South Wood lawn Blakely Ga 31723 3rd Route 1 Box 94A1 Pembroke Ga 31321 8thPO Box 157 Valdosta Ga 31601 41st3781 Watkins Place NE Atlanta Ga 30319 43rd3762 Tree Bark Trail Decatur Ga 30034 13thPO Box 68 Rebecca Ga 31783 6 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL MEMBERS OF THE SENATE OF GEORGIA IN NUMERICAL ORDER AND POST OFFICES District Name Address 1 LJohn R Riley1 2 Henry McDowell 3 Mell Traylor 4 Joseph E Kennedy 5Robert H Bell 6 Roscoe E Dean Jr 7Frank Eldridge 8 Dr Loyce Turner 9 Franklin Sutton 10 Henry P Russell Jr 11 Jimmy Hodge Timmons 12 A1 Holloway 13 Martin Young 14 Hugh A Carter PO Box 9641 Savannah Ga 31402 8303 Royal Oak Drive Savannah Ga 31406 Route 1 Box 94A1 Pembroke Ga 31321 PO Box 246 Claxton Ga 30417 2535 Henderson Mill Rd NE Atlanta Ga 30345 DeKalb County 612 Cherry Street Jesup Ga 31545 PO Box 1141 Waycross Ga 31501 PO Box 157 Valdosta Ga 31601 Route 1 Norman Park Ga 31771 Route 1 Boston Ga 31626 132 South Woodlawn Blakely Ga 31723 PO Box 588 Albany Ga 31702 PO Box 68 Rebecca Ga 31783 PO Box 97 Plains Ga 31780 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL District Name Address 15 Floyd Hudgins 2440 Manchester Expresway Columbus Ga 31904 16 H Norwood Pearce PO Box 2312 Columbus Ga 31902 17 Peter L Banks 314 Thomaston Street Barnesville Ga 30204 18 Ed Barker PO Drawer KK Warner Robins Ga 31093 19 E M Pete McDuffie Route 6 Eastman Ga 31023 20 Hugh M Gillis Sr PO Box 148 Soperton Ga 30457 21 Preston B Lewis Jr PO Box 88 Waynesboro Ga 30830 22 R Eugene Holley Suite 1500 Southern Finance Bldg Augusta Ga 30902 23 James L Jimmy Lester First Federal Savings Bldg 985 Broad Street Augusta Ga 30902 24 Sam P McGill PO Box 520 Washington Ga 30673 25 Culver Kidd PO Box 370 Milledgeville Ga 31061 26 Bert Hamilton 464 West Buford Road Macon Ga 31204 27 Lee Robinson 864 Winchester Circle Macon Ga 31204 28 Mrs Virginia Shapard P O Box 54 Griffin Ga 30223 29 Render Hill PO Box 246 Greenville Ga 30222 8 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL District Name Address 30 J Ebb Duncan PO Box 26 Carrollton Ga 30117 31 Nathan Dean 340 Wingfoot Street Rockmart Ga 30153 32 Joe Thompson PO Box 1045 Smyrna Ga 30080 33 Roy E Barnes 639 Maran Drive Mableton Ga 30059 34 James R Duck Hamilton 4745 Stonewall Tell Road College Park Ga 30337 35 Perry J Hudson 3380 Old Jonesboro Road Hapeville Ga 30354 36 Jack L Stephens 2484 Macon Drive SE Atlanta Ga 30315 37 Ed Garrard 956 Plymouth Road NE Atlanta Ga 30306 38 Dr Horace E Tate 621 Lilia Drive SW Atlanta Ga 30310 39 Julian Bond 361 Westview Drive SW Atlanta Ga 30310 40 Paul D Coverdell Suite 607 1447 Peachtree St NE Atlanta Ga 30309 41 James W Tysinger 3781 Watkins Place NE Atlanta Ga 30319 42 Pierre Howard Jr 600 First National Bank Bldg Decatur Ga 30030 43 George T Warren II 3762 Tree Bark Trail Decatur Ga 30034 44 Terrell Starr PO Box 545 Forest Park Ga 30050 45 W D Don Ballard 1122 Monticello St SW Covington Ga 30209 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 9 District Name Address 46 Paul Broun 165 Pulaski Street Athens Ga 30601 47 M Parks Brown PO Box 37 Hartwell Ga 30643 48 Steve Reynolds 1 PO Box 303 Lawrenceville Ga 30245 49 Howard T Overby PO Box 636 Gainesville Ga 30501 50 John C Foster PO Box 100 Cornelia Ga 30531 51 J Beverly Langford PO Box 277 Calhoun Ga 30701 52 Sam W Doss Jr j PO Box 431 Rome Ga 30161 53 E G Summers PO Box 499 LaFayette Ga 30728 54 W W Bill Fincher Jr PO Box 149 Chatsworth Ga 30705 55 Lawrence Bud Stumbaugh 1071 Yemassee Trail Stone Mtn Ga 30083 56 Haskew H Brantley Jr 6114 Riverside Dr NW Atlanta Ga 30328 10 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL SEATING ARRANGEMENT AND DISTRICT NUMBERS OF THE GEORGIA STATE SENATE Seat No Seat No 1VStarr 44th 2Riley 1st 3lMcDowell 2nd 4Traylor 3rd 5iiliXlS Kennedy 4th 6 iBell 5th 7 rDean 6th 8 JiEldridge 7th 9 Turner 8th 10 Holloway 12th 11 Sutton 9th 12 Russell 10th 13Timmons 11th 14 gBBJL Young 13th 15Carter 14th 16 Hudgins 15th 17 Pearce 16th 18 Banks 17 th 19 biiilB ark er 18th 20 tLMcDuffie 19th 21 Gillis 20th 22ilSLLewis 21st 23Holley 22nd 241Lester 23rd 25McGill 24th 26 4AKidd 25th 27 Hamilton 26th 28 Robinson 27th 29 Shapard 28th 30 Hill 29th 31Duncan 30th 32LLDean 31st 33S3Thompson 32nd 34 yBarnes 33rd 35 Hamilton 34th 36 Hudson 35th 37Stephens 36th 38Garrard 37th 39Coverdell 40th 40Howard 42nd 41Tate 38th 42 Bond 39th 43 Tysinger 41st 44LiLaliWarren 43rd 45MgLBallard 45th 46Broun 46th 47Brown 47th 48Reynolds 48th 4931 5 Overby 49th 501Foster 50th 51yhsLangford 51st 52Doss 52nd 53lSummers 53rd 54Fincher 54th 55 Stumbaugh 55th 56 jiBrantley 56th Lt Gov Zell Miller President of Senate Hamilton McWhorter Jr Secretary of Senate LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 11 SEATING ARRANGEMENT OF THE GEORGIA STATE SENATE 12 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE STATE SENATE 1976 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 13 AGRICULTURE McGill of 24th Chairman McDuffie of 19th Russell of 10th ViceChairman Sutton of 9th Timmons of 11th Secretary Turner of 8th Kennedy of 4th APPROPRIATIONS Broun of 46th Chairman Holloway of 12th Vice Chairman Doss of 52nd Secretary Carter of 14th Dean of 6th Duncan of 30th Fincher of 54th Gillis of 20th Hamilton of 26th Hill of 29th Holley of 22nd Hudgins of 15th Kennedy of 4th Lester of 23rd McGill of 24th Overby of 49th Riley of 1st Starr of 44th Young of 13th BANKING FINANCE AND INSURANCE Holley of 22nd Chairman Duncan of 30th Vice Chairman Turner of 8th Secretary Broun of 46th Coverdell of 40th Doss of 52nd Gillis of 20th Holloway of 12th Hudgins of 15th Riley of 1st Starr of 44th Sutton of 9th Thompson of 32nd Banking and Insurance Subcommittee Duncan of 30th Chairman Gillis of 20th Coverdell of 40th Holloway of 12th Doss of 52nd Starr of 44th Ways and Means Subcommittee Sutton of 9th Chairman Starr of 44th Broun of 46th Thompson of 32nd Hudgins of 15th Turner of 8th Riley of 1st 14 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL CONSUMER AFFAIRS Stephens of 36th Chairman Bond of 39th Howard of 42nd Vice Chairman Hamilton of 34th Robinson of 27th Secretary Shapard of 28th Banks of 17th COUNTY AND URBAN AFFAIRS Garrard of 37th Chairman Brantley of 56th McDuffie of 19th Vice Chairman Eldridge of 7th Hudson of 35th Secretary Overby of 49th Bell of 5th Young of 13th Rural Development Subcommittee McDuffie of 19th Chairman Overby of 49th Eldridge of 7th Young of 13th Urban Development Subcommittee Bell of 5th Chairman Hudson of 35th Brantley of 56th DEFENSE AND VETERANS AFFAIRS Hudgins of 15th Chairman Lewis of 21st Vice Chairman Russell of 10th Secretary Barker of 18th Carter of 14th Hudson of 35th Robinson of 27th ECONOMY REORGANIZATION AND EFFICIENCY IN GOVERNMENT Kidd of 25th Chairman Bond of 39th Vice Chairman Russell of 10th Secretary Barker of 18th Coverdell of 40th Dean of 6th Garrard of 37th Hill of 29th McGill of 24th Stephens of 36th Traylor of 3rd Warren of 43rd LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 15 EDUCATION Carter of 14th Chairman Summers of 53rd Vice Chairman Foster of 50th Secretary Dean of 31st McDuffie of 19th Shapard of 28th Starr of 44th Stumbaugh of 55th Tate of 38th Timmons of 11th Warren of 43rd Primary and Secondary Subcommittee Shapard of 28th Chairman Summers of 53rd McDuffie of 19th Tate of 38th Starr of 44th Vocational and Technical Subcommittee Timmons of 11th Chairman Stumbaugh of 55th Dean of 31st Warren of 43rd Foster of 50th HIGHER EDUCATION Doss of 52nd Chairman Bell of 5th Hamilton of 26th Vice Chairman Broun of 46th Langford of 51st Secretary Traylor of 3rd Ballard of 45th Tysinger of 41st Banks of 17th Science and Technology Subcommittee Tysinger of 41st Chairman Traylor of 3rd Broun of 46th HUMAN RESOURCES Fincher of 54th Chairman Hudson of 35th Vice Chairman Brown of 47th Secretary Bond of 39th Brantley of 56th Duncan of 30th Garrard of 37th Hamilton of 26th Kidd of 25th Lester of 23rd McDowell of 2nd Reynolds of 48th Shapard of 28th 16 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Mental Health Subcommittee Lester of 23rd Chairman McDowell of 2nd Duncan of 30th Physical Health Subcommittee Garrard of 37th Chairman Kidd of 25th Brown of 47th Social Services Subcommittee Hamilton of 26th Chairman Shapard of 28th Bond of 39th Vocational Rehabilitation Subcommittee Brantley of 56th Chairman Reynolds of 48th Hudson of 35th INDUSTRY LABOR AND TOURISM Ballard of 45th Chairman Hill of 29th Thompson of 32nd Vice Chairman Stephens of 36th Pearce of 16th Secretary Stumbaugh of 55th Barnes of 33rd Tysinger of 41st Brantley of 56th Employment Services Subcommittee Barnes of 33rd Chairman Pearce of 16th Industrial Development Subcommittee Stumbaugh of 55th Chairman Tysinger of 41st Brantley of 56th Tourism Development Subcommittee Stephens of 36th Chairman Thompson of 32nd Hill of 29th INTERSTATE COOPERATION Hill of 29th Chairman Fincher of 54th Duncan of 30th Vice Chairman Overby of 49th Doss of 52nd Secretary LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 17 JUDICIARY Overby of 49th Chairman Howard of 42nd Vice Chairman Pearce of 16th Secretary Ballard of 45th Banks of 17th Barnes of 33rd Bell of 5th Foster of 50th Holley of 22nd Langford of 51st Lewis of 21st Stumbaugh of 55th Civil Subcommittee Lewis of 21st Chairman Langford of 51st Holley of 22nd Pearce of 16th Criminal Subcommittee Banks of 17th Chairman Barnes of 33rd Ballard of 45th Howard of 42nd Law Enforcement Subcommittee Bell of 5th Chairman Stumbaugh of 55th Foster of 50th NATURAL RESOURCES AND ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY Gillis of 20th Chairman Langford of 51st Vice Chairman Sutton of 9th Secretary Barker of 18th Dean of 31st Howard of 42nd Lewis of 21st McDowell of 2nd Timmons of 11th Traylor of 3rd Turner of 8th Game and Fish Subcommittee Howard of 42nd Chairman Langford of 51st Dean of 31st McDowell of 2nd Parks and Historical Sites Subcommittee Traylor of 3rd Chairman Lewis of 21st Barker of 18th 18 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Resources and Environmental Control Subcommittee Turner of 8th Chairman Timmons of 11th Sutton of 9th OFFENDER REHABILITATION Kennedy of 4th Chairman Foster of 50th Young of 13th ViceChairman Robinson of 27th Summers of 53rd Secretary Tate of 38th Eldridge of 7th Penal and Correctional Institutions Subcommittee Foster of 50th Chairman Tate of 38th Summers of 53rd Probation Pardons and Paroles Subcommittee Robinson of 27th Chairman Young of 13th Eldridge of 7th PUBLIC Brown of 47th Chairman Dean of 6th Vice Chairman Fincher of 54th Secretary Hamilton of 34th Regulated Matters Subcommittee Tysinger of 41st Chairman Fincher of 54th Dean of 6th UTILITIES Kidd of 25th Reynolds of 48th Tysinger of 41st Transportation Subcommittee Hamilton of 34th Chairman Reynolds of 48th Kidd of 25th RETIREMENT Lester of 23rd Chairman Eldridge of 7th Tate of 38th Vice Chairman Summers of 53rd Hamilton of 34th Secretary Thompson of 32nd Coverdell of 40th LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 19 RULES Eldridge of 7th Chairman Riley of 1st Vice Chairman Reynolds of 48th Secretary Barker of 18th Carter of 14th Coverdell of 40th Garrard of 37th Gillis of 20th Holloway of 12th Kidd of 25th Starr of 44th Young of 13th Enrolling and Journals Subcommittee Young of 13th Chairman Coverdell of 40th Carter of 14th Senate Administrative Affairs Subcommittee Barker of 18th Chairman Riley of 1st Holloway of 12th TRANSPORTATION Reynolds of 48th Chairman Dean of 31st Vice Chairman Barnes of 33rd Secretary Brown of 47th Holloway of 12th McDowell of 2nd Pearce of 16th Riley of 1st Warren of 43rd Highways Subcommittee Warren of 43rd Chairman Holloway of 12th Dean of 31st Motor Vehicles Subcommittee Pearce of 16th Chairman Barnes of 33rd State Ports Subcommittee McDowell of 2nd Chairman Riley of 1st Brown of 47th 20 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL FISCAL AFFAIRS SUBCOMMITTEE Senate and House Lt Governor Senator Broun of 46th Senator Carter of 14th Senator Doss of 52nd Senator Garrard of 37th Senator Holloway of 12th Senator Howard of 42nd Senator Langford of 51st Senator Riley of 1st Senator Starr of 44th Speaker Representative Buck of 95th Representative Harris of 8th Representative Hill of 127th Representative Knight of 67th Representative Lee of 68th Representative Vaughn of 57th Representative Walker of 115th Representative Wood of 9th LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 23 ORGANIZATION Rule 1 The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives Ga Const art Ill sec I par I Rule 2 The Senate and House of Representatives shall be organized by the Secretary or Clerk thereof who shall be ex officio presiding officer until such officer is elected No question except one relating to the organization shall be entertained by such officer and in deciding such question he shall be governed as far as practicable by the standing rules of the House over which he presides In the absence of such officer his assistant may officiate In the absence of both the body may appoint a chairman whose powers and duties shall be the same ds those of the Secretarv or Clerk Ga Code Ann sec 47104 Rule 3 President The Lieutenant Governor shall be of the Senate Ga Const art V sec I par VII Rule 4 The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate A President Pro Tempore shall be elected viva voce frona the Senators and shall act in case of the death resignation or disability of the President or in the event of his succession to the executive power Ga Const art Ill sec V par II Rule 5 The Senate shall elect a President Pro lempore viva voce and a majority of the votes Legislative power and bodies Organization by Secretary or assistant or chairman Lt Governor as President Presiding Officer President Pro Tem election and powers President Pro Tem election and powers 24 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL cast shall be necessary to a choice whose powers and duties while presiding or in the absence of the permanent officers shall be the same as the President of the Senate Ga Code Ann sec 47106 Officers and assistants Rule 6 The officers of the two Houses other than the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House shall be a President Pro Tempore and Secretary of the Senate and Speaker Pro Tempore and Clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as each House may provide for Ga Const art Ill sec VIII Par I Doorkeepers limited Rule 7 Not more than one 1 Doorkeeper and not more than twelve 12 assistant doorkeepers shall be employed during each day in which the Senate is in session Seats Rule 8 Senators elected to the following offices shall choose their Senate seats in the order listed below President Pro Tempore Majority Leader Minority Leader Majority Whip Administration Floor Leader Assistant Administration Floor Leader All other Senators shall be seated by district number in ascending numerical order commencing with the lowest permanently numbered available seat Oath of members Rule 9 Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation to wit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 25 on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State Ga Const art Ill sec IV par V Rule 10 The oaths of office prescribed by Const Art Ill Sec IV Par V Sec 21605 may be administered to the members of the General Assembly by any Justice of the Supreme Court Judge of the Court of Appeals or judge of the superior courts to be procured by the person organizing each branch Ga Code Ann sec 47105 Rule 11 There shall be a Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives elected by the members of each House respectively viva voce and a majority of votes cast is necessary to elect Their terms of office shall be the time for which the members of the General Assembly are elected Ga Code Ann sec 47201 Rule 12 Said officers their assistants and engrossing and enrolling clerks before entering ondischarge of their duties shall take an oath before the respective presiding officers of the two Houses to discharge their duties faithi ly and to the best of their skill and knowledge ot which a minute shall be made and entered on the journals Ga Code Ann sec 47202 Rule 13 The President of the Senate and speaker of the House shall administer the oaths Judges to administer oaths Secretaryelection and term Oaths of Secretary and assistants Journal entry Oaths of subordinate officers LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 26 required to the subordinate officers of their respective Houses Ga Code Ann sec 47203 Rule 14 Immediately after their election said Secretary and Clerk shall each give bond and Secretary security in the sum of 5000 payable to the Governor and his successors in office and conditioned for the faithful discharge of their respective duties said bonds to be approved by the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House respectively Ga Code Ann sec 47204 Approved by committee on Enrolling and Journals Rule 15 No journalizing recording enrolling or engrossing clerk shall be appointed by the Secretary of the Senate or Clerk of the House of Representatives until such clerk has been examined by the enrolling committee and certified to his respective House to be competent and well qualified to the discharge of the duties required of him and such clerk shall be removed at any time upon the recommendation of the enrolling committee of the House in which he is employed Ga Code Ann sec 47209 Rule 16 Each House is entitled to a DoorDoorkeeper keeper and Messenger to perform such duties as and Messenger may je required of them who shall be elected as election and proved for the election of Clerk of the House of Representatives and Secretary of the Senate and who shall be compensated as provided by each House Ga Code Ann sec 47301 Rule 17 No Doorkeeper or other employee of fubsWtutes the House of Representatives or Senate shall sublet his employment or contract in any way nor LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 27 shall the person having the appointment of any of said employees consent to any substitution of any other person for any of said employees Ga Code Ann sec 47302 Rule 18 Whenever for any reason the person appointed to any of said positions cannot personally discharge the duties of the same said office shall become vacant and it shall be the duty of the person in whom is vested the appointing power to appoint another person for such time as the original employee cannot discharge his duties and the compensation shall from the date of such new appointment be paid to the new employee for the time he shall serve Filling vacancies Ga Code Ann sec 47303 Rule 19 Whenever the provisions of this Chapter shall be violated any person shall be substituted for another in violation of the same neither the person so substituted nor the person tor whom he is substituted shall receive any compensation out of the State treasury and it shall be the duty of the Legislative Fiscal Officer whenever any change shall be made in any of the persons filling any of said positions to ascertam that the change was made according to the provisions of this Chapter before paying any money to the new officer or employee Ga Code Ann sec 47305 No pay when employee substitution Rule 20 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the Senate while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the President and to execute the demands of the Senate from time to time Duties of Messenger 28 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Pages Privileges floor together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the President Rule 21 No person shall be employed as a page who is under the age of twelve years No Senator shall be allowed to name more than ten pages during the session The Lieutenant Governor shall be allowed to name not more than two pages per day during each day of the session In addition to the pages provided for above each Senator shall be allowed to name not more than ten honorary pages during the session Honorary pages shall receive no compensation for their services as such There shall be no more than thirty pages per day Each Senator desiring to name a page for any particular day of the session shall file with the Director of Pages the name of each person he wishes to have serve as his page and the date of proposed service Such notice shall be filed at least three days prior to the date the proposed page desires to serve The Director of Pages shall select the 30 pages who shall serve on each day of the session in the order in which such notices are filed Each Senator can assign his pages or page days to another Senator There shall be no pages except as herein provided The Rules Committee subject to the approval of the President shall establish a program of familiarization with State Government its procedures and those duties and responsibilities which will be required of pages The Director of Pages shall require each page to attend a training session prior to his service as a page during which the page will become acquainted with his duties and responsibilities Rule 22 No person shall be allowed to enter of upon the floor of the Senate except 1 the LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 29 Senators and officers thereof 2 the officers and members of the House 3 the Governor of the State 4 staff members of the Secretary of the Senate Clerk of the House and the Office of Legislative Counsel 5 former Senators and 6 such others as the Senate may allow upon written recommendation of the Committee on Rules On the final or third reading and consideration of any bill appropriating money the Senate may by invitation of the Chairman of the Standing Committee on Appropriations or by the vote of a majority of those voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum allow persons on the floor of the Senate for the purpose of explaining or answering any questions concerning the bill No person shall be admitted on the floor of the Senate who is engaged in lobbying or who is attempting to influence legislation No person or group shall be introduced to the Senate except upon the written recommendation of a majority of the Decorum Committee The Decorum Committee shall be composed of the President of the Senate who shall be chairman the President Pro Tempore the Majority Leader the Minority Leader and the Majority Whip While the Senate is in session representatives of the press radio and television shall be allowed on the floor of the Senate only in the area in the rear of the Chamber designated for them PRESIDENTS POWER AND DUTIES Rule 23 When the President Pro Tempore or any other Senator is presiding he shall not vote unless the Senate shall be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal The presiding Senator shall vote in all elections In all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass a bill or measure under consideration and said bill or Lobbyists Introductions Press Vote of President Pro Tempore and Senator presiding LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 30 Priority of business Recognition measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the presiding Senator shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member Rule 24 All questions as to priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the President without debate unless otherwise provided for in these Rules Rule 25 When two or more Senators shall rise at the same time the President shall name the Senator entitled to proceed Silence and irrelevant debate Rule 26 The President shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it necessary Yeas and Nays Substitute Succession Rule 27 The President may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by Yeas and Nays where a division of the Senate discloses the fact that a quorum has not voted Rule 28 The President may during a day s sitting name any Senator to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer Rule 29 Whenever from any cause the President shall be absent the President Pro Tempore shall preside If both shall be absent the Secretary of the Senate shall call the Senate to order and shall preside until the election of a President Pro Tempore which said election shall be the first business of the Senate The President Pro Tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease Rule 30 All standing committees standing and the officers of both shall be LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 31 appointed by the Committee on Committees The Committee on Committees shall be composed of the President of the Senate the President Pro Tempore and the Majority Party Leader The Majority Party Leader shall be certified to the Senate in writing by the Chairman of the Majority Party Caucus Rule 31 The President shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the Senate cleared by the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the Senate to be dealt with for contempt of the Senate Rule 32 The President shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty He shall report any such suspension to the Senate within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the Senate may see fit to take GENERAL BUSINESS AND ORDER OF BUSINESS Rule 33 The following shall be the order of business 1 Report of the Committee on the Journal 2 Reading of the Journal 3 Motions to Reconsider 4 Confirmation of the Journal 5 Introduction of Bills and Resolutions 6 First Reading and Reference of Senate Bills and Resolutions 7 First Reading and Reference of House Bills and Resolutions which shall also be in order at any later time when no other business is pending 8 Reports of Standing Committees Appointment Of committees and their officers by Committee on Committees Clearing galleries and lobbies when disorder Suspension of Messenger and Doorkeepers LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 32 9 Second Reading of Bills and Resolutions 10 Third Reading and Passage of Local Uncontested Bills and Resolutions 11 Call of the Roll 12 Prayer of the Chaplain 13 Unanimous Consents and Points of Personal Privilege 14 Adoption of Privileged Resolutions 15 Third Reading and Consideration of General Bills and Resolutions Enrolling and Journals Committee to report Journal Calendar of Rules Committee last 10 days Change by Senate Rule 34 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Enrolling and Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the Senate that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Secretary Rule 35 The Committee on Rules during the last ten 10 legislative days of each session shall arrange and fix the calendar for each day s business Such calendar shall be a standing and continuing special order during said period No matter shall be taken up or acted on otherwise than in the order and manner fixed by such calendar except by a threefourths vote of those voting provided such threefourths constitutes a majority of the members elected to the Senate Calendar and bills placed on desks before passage Rule 36 No bill or resolution shall be put on final passage unless the same has been put on a calendar and placed on each Senators desk not later than 700 AM on the date of passage The Secretary of the Senate shall put all bills which appear on the prepared calendar and which may be considered that day in order on the Senators desks and in a separate file from other House and Senate bills and resolutions Matters in possession of the Senate but not eligible for consideration on a particular date shall also be kept in order and also on the Senators desks The calendar can be changed by a vote of twothirds LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 33 of the Senators voting provided such twothirds constitutes a majority of the members elected to the Senate Nothing in this Rule shall apply to local bills or local resolutions Rule 37 Every motion or request to take up general bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion or request for special orders shall be submitted in writing to the Committee on Rules and reported upon by the Committee before being submitted to the Senate Rule 38 Any request for unanimous consent to suspend the Rules or motion to change the order of business shall be decided without debate Rule 39 The rules of the Senate shall in no case be suspended or changed or the order of business changed except by twothirds of the members voting if such twothirds constitutes a majority of the members elected to the Senate Rule 40 The roll call at the opening of each session of the Senate shall not be dispensed with except by a majority vote of the Senators voting or by unanimous consent The electronic roll call system shall be used to call the roll of the Senators who shall use the Yea switch to signify their presence Rule 41 The reading of the Journal shall not be dispensed with except by a vote of a majority of the members voting or by unanimous consent Rule 42 The report of the Committee on Rules shall be in order at any time and messages from the Governor or from the House may be received under any order of business Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce vote is being taken Special orders to Rules Committee Rules suspension change of business order debate and vote Suspension of Rules changing order of business Dispensing with roll call Roll call electronically Dispensing with reading of Journal Committee reports and messages 34 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Messages Questions of privilege Motions on new matters First meeting Time of meetings Rule 43 When a message shall be sent to the Senate it shall be announced at the door of the Senate by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent A message shall be presented to the Senate by the President when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business on which the Senate is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the Senate Rule 44 Questions of privileges shall be first those affecting the rights of the Senate collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the right reputation and conduct of Senators individually in their representative capacity only Questions of privilege shall have precedence over all other questions Provided that when any matter is pending before the Senate no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question is disposed of Rule 45 Any motion not privileged containing new matters shall lie at least one day on the table Rule 46 The meetings of the General Assembly shall be held as prescribed in Art Ill Sec IV Par Ill of the State Constitution Sec 21503 The hour of meeting shall be 1000 AM and the place at the State Capitol Ga Const art Ill sec IV par III Ga Code Ann sec 47103 Rule 47 The session of the Senate each day except Sunday shall commence at 1000 AM unless otherwise ordered by the Senate and shall continue until the Senate shall be adjourned upon motion LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 35 Rule 48 Each House may punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session any person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House Ga Const art Ill sec VII par II Rule 49 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading Rule 50 When the reading of any paper is called for and the reading is objected to by any Senator whether the paper shall be read shall be determined by a vote of the Senate without debate Except that during the consideration of any bill appropriating money any paper or document directly concerning the bill may be read by the Secretary any Senator or any person invited to give evidence under the provisions of Senate Rule 22 QUORUM AND ABSENTEES Rule 51 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel c presence of its absent members as each House may provide Ga Const art Ill sec IV par IV Rule 52 The power to compel the attendance j urder to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the President and to this end he may have the doors of the Senate closed When Contempt by nonmember Reference to petition in Journal Reading of paper Transaction of business Compelling attendance LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 36 Messenger to arrest the doors are so closed no Senator shall be allowed to retire from the Senate without first obtaining leave from the Senate The Messenger of the Senate shall be ex officio SergeantatArms of the Senate and on order of the President may arrest any absentees and bring them before the Senate when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid Motion to determine attendance Arrest and discharge Rule 53 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present or when the President shall officially state the fact to the Senate it shall be in order for any Senator to make a motion for a call of the Senate When such motion is made the President shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the Senate prevail and if five of the Senators present shall vote in the affirmative the President shall order the Secretary to call the roll of Senators and the absentees shall be noted The doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called Those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by order of the majority of the Senators present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the Senate shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged Secretary to Rule 54 Upon the call of the Senators ordi list absentees nary and extraordinary the names of the abfor Journal sentees shall be noted by the Secretary and shall appear upon the Journal with a notation of those previously excused DEBATE AND DECORUM Rule 55 When any Senator is about to speak LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 37 in debate or deliver any matter to the Senate he shall rise from his seat and respectfully address himself to Mr President The President shall not recognize any Senator unless he shall address himself to the Chair from his seat provided that the President shall not put a question or take any other action which would foreclose debate if any Senator not at his seat shall signify to the Chair that he wishes to be recognized and shall immediately proceed to his seat for that purpose Any Senator shall be confined to matter in debate and shall not speak more than twice on any subject or more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken All individual speeches on bills and resolutions shall be limited to thirty minutes unless extended by a majority of those voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum and on all points of personal privilege individual speeches shall be limited to ten minutes If any Senator in speaking or otherwise transgresses the Rules of the Senate the President shall call him to order in which case said Senator shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The Senate shall if appealed to decide whether to confirm the Presidents action If the transgressor refuses to submit to the decision of the Senate for the first offense he shall be reproved for the second he shall be fined ina sum not exceeding ten dollars and if he continues refractory he may be expelled from the Senate by a twothirds vote of the Senators which vote shall be taken by Yeas and Nays Rule 56 Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them Request for recognition from seat Limits on debate Thirty minutes Extension Personal privilege ten minutes Order against transgression of Rules Appeal Penalty Power of Senate over membership LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 38 for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Ga Const art Ill sec VII par I Censure for debate Duties of Secretary and member Time limits Rule 57 If any Senator shall be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Secretary and read The words excepted to shall then be admitted denied or explained by the Senator who spoke them Thereupon the questions of order shall be decided and such other proceedings taken as the Senate may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at the time the Senate is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main question have been disposed of or until such future time as may then be ordered by the Senate But no Senator shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the Senate for words spoken in debate if any other Senator has spoken or other business has intervened before the exception to the words was taken Address through President Right to continue Rule 58 No Senator shall address the Senate or interrogate a Senator who is speaking except through the President Should the Senator speaking decline to be interrupted the President shall cause the Senator desiring to interrogate to be silent Reference to Rule 59 No Senator shall refer in debate to conversations any private conversation had with another Senator Rule 60 The Senators in speaking shall avoid LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 39 calling other Senators by name when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by their position on the floor or by the district they represent Rule 61 The members of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treason felony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either House Ga Const art Ill sec VII par III Rule 62 The members of the Senate shall refrain from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking Senator has taken his seat Rule 63 No Senator shall pass between the Chair and a Senator while he is speaking At the time of adjournment no Senator shall leave his seat until the President retires PROTEST AND APPEAL Rule 64 All appeals from the decisions of the Iff shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought Rule 65 On all appeals on questions of order oi a personal character there shall be no debate Rule 66 Any Senator may have entered on the Journal a protest in writing against the action of the Senate Said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest Reference to members Freedom from arrest Freedom of debate Silence during debate Limits on movement Time limits Debate limits Written protest for Journal 40 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Motions allowed during debate Precedence Possession and withdrawal No second One motion at a time It shall not impugn the motive of the Senate or of any members thereof MOTIONS Rule 67 When any subject is before the Senate for consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following towit 1st A motion to adjourn 2nd A motion to lay on table 3rd A motion for the previous question 4th A motion to adjourn to a time definite 5th A motion to indefinitely postpone 6th A motion to postpone to a day or time certain 7th A motion to commit 8th A motion to amend 9th A motion to print Said motions shall have precedence in the order named Rule 68 After a motion is stated by the President or read by the Secretary it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Senate but may be withdrawn by unanimous consent at any time before decision Rule 69 A motion made by any Senator need not be seconded Rule 70 No Senator may make more than one motion at a time While the motion is being put to the Senate he must resume his seat and he is not entitled to the floor again unless recognized again by the President LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 41 Rule 71 No Senator shall after debating any question and before yielding the floor be allowed to submit any motion the effect of which shall be to prevent further debate Rule 72 No Senator shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then move to table the bill resolution or motion or move the previous question thereon without relinquishing the floor ADJOURNMENT Rule 73 A motion to adjourn may be made at any time when the movant can legitimately obtain the floor Rule 74 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained But when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Secretary has called the first name of the Yeas and Nays and a vote of one Senator has been given or after the electronic roll call system is unlocked for voting or after a division of the Senate has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced Rule 75 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the Senate A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended Rule 76 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the Senate is not actually engaged in other business Cut off of debate No motion without relinquishing floor When motion in order Time for motion to adjourn Debate Renewal Amendment Debatable if to particular time 42 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL is debatable and is amendable as to the day or time proposed Effect Rule 77 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the Senate to the next sitting day or time in course Complete yeas and nays Rule 78 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the Senate is being taken by Yeas and Nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced If said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the Senate is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the Yeas and Nays as aforesaid the Senate shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution Limit adjournment Rule 79 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either Disagreement or both of them Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XXII Convening Rule 80 The General Assembly shall meet in regular session on the second Monday in January 1963 and every oddnumbered year thereafter Adjournment for no longer than twelve 12 days to organize to receive the proposed General Appropriations Bill and to attend to other matters and recon Term of session vene on the second Monday in February of each oddnumbered year for no longer than thirtythree 33 days The General Assembly shall meet in regular session on the second Monday in Jan LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 43 uary 1964 and in every evennumbered year thereafter By concurrent resolution adopted by a majority of members elected to both Houses of the General Assembly the General Assembly may adjourn any regular session to such later date as it may fix for reconvening in regular session but shall remain in regular session no longer than fortyfive 45 days in the aggregate in oddnumbered years and no longer than forty 40 days in the aggregate in evennumbered years during the terms for which members were elected All business pending in the Senate or House at the adjournment of any regular session may be considered at any regular session of the same General Assembly as if there had been no adNothing herein shall be construed to affect the power of the Governor to convoke the General Assembly in extraordinary session or the duty of the Governor to convene the General Assembly in extraordinary session upon the certificate of threefifths of the members elected to the Senate and the House of Representatives as provided in Article V Section I Paragraph XII Section 23012 of this Constitution If an impeachment trial is pending at the end of any regular or extraordinary session the Senate may continue in session until such trial is completed Ga Const art Ill sec IV par III TABLING Rule 81 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now Put no motion to lay on the table is in order Rule 82 Nothing may be legitimately laid on the table excepting what may be taken up again Of regular session Pending business Extraordinary session Delay for impeachment Not after order for main question 44 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Limits on Tabling Not debatable or amendable Renewal Effect Taking up Time for considering Limits on subject matter Rule 83 No motion to lay an amendment on the table shall be in order Rule 84 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable Rule 85 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table may be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened Rule 86 If the motion to lay on the table prevails it removes from the consideration of the Senate the measure together with all the amendments attached to it at the time it is so removed When the proposition is taken from the table it stands before the Senate in the exact form with all the amendments pertaining to it that it did at the time the motion to lay on the table prevailed Rule 87 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the Senate is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or paper which has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken from the table it is then before the Senate INDEFINITE POSTPONEMENT Rule 88 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or to amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 45 Rule 89 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but the motion cannot be amended Rule 90 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has once been voted down Rule 91 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of those voting providing the total vote constitutes a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session POSTPONEMENT Rule 92 A motion to postpone to a day certain cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but only to the whole measure It is amendable by substituting one day or time for another If a day proposed is known to be beyond the limits of the session the motion shall be treated as one to indefinitely postpone Rule 93 On a motion to postpone a question to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another This motion cannot be renewed or made a second time to the same measure on the same day COMMITMENT Rule 94 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a Debate and amendment No renewal Disposal on final reading Limits on subject matter Amendment Possible indefinite postponement Debate Renewal limits To types of committees 46 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL standing or special committee or Committee of the Whole Senate Precedence of committees Rule 95 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on If a motion is made that a bill resolution or other measure be committed to the Committee of the Whole Senate this motion shall be put before either of the above named motions Debate if instructions Rule 96 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question may be debated Amendment Rule 97 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the Senator making the motion Commitment Rule 98 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be committed to the same or any other committee by a majority of those voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum Time for motion RECONSIDERATION Rule 99 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any Senator to move for reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter that has been previously reconsidered or transmitted to the House of Representatives Notice required Before any action can be reconsidered notice of intention to so move must be given to the Senate during the legislative day on which the LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 47 action sought to be reconsidered took place The notice cannot be withdrawn and any Senator can move for reconsideration the following legislative day No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the House on the day of passage thereof unless twothirds of the Senators voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum shall so order Provided during the last three legislative days of of any regular session any bill resolution or other matter which requires action by the House shall be immediately transmitted to the House by the Secretary A notice of motion to reconsider a bill or resolution shall take precedence over a motion to transmit and shall have the effect of defeating the motion to transmit except on the last three days of any regular session a Senator must move immediately to reconsider any bill or resolution that has been passed or defeated Rule 100 The action of the Senate upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates Rule 101 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once Rule 102 All bills and resolutions reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third reading ENACTMENT Rule 103 The President shall not recognize any Senator at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to place any general bill Transmittal to House Effect of motion Of action on amendment time limit One reconsideration Calendar Unanimous consents limits 48 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL One at a time on its passage out of its regular order Neither shall he recognize any request for unanimous consent for the introduction of new matter to read any bill or resolution the second time or to place any local bill or resolution on its passage The President shall entertain but one unanimous consent at one time Withdrawal of a bill or resolution Rule 104 Any bill or resolution may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the Senate Enrolling committee to preserve laws Rule 105 The engrossed copies of all laws and joint resolutions passed by the General Assembly shall be preserved by the chairman of the enrolling committee and deposited in the office of the Secretary of State Ga Code Ann sec 47901 Signatures Rule 106 All Acts and resolutions shall be signed by the President and Secretary and all writs warrants and subpoenas issued by order of the Senate shall be signed by the President and attested by the Secretary Reproposal of bills Rule 107 All Acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XIII Journal and law publication Rule 108 Each House shall keep a Journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 49 its adjournment The General Assembly shall provide for the publication of the laws passed by each session Ga Const art Ill sec VII par IV Rule 109 The original Journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of the Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof Ga Const art Ill sec VII par V INTRODUCTION AND READING Rule 110 No bill or resolution requiring the concurring vote of the House for passage shall be introduced unless the same shall have been filed in the office of the Secretary before 1200 noon on the previous day Rule 111 To introduce a bill or resolution a member shall file an original and one copy with the Secretary All original bills and resolutions shall be typed or printed but the copy mav be duplicated All bills and resolutions shall have the name of the Senator or Senators introducing the same as well as the district or districts represented endorsed on the back There shall also appear on the back the title or a brief summary thereof The copy shall be retained by the Secretary subject to use for information but the original bill or resolution shall be for the exclusive use of the Senate and the committee to which it is assigned and shall be the official bill or resolution of the Senate and shall not be subject to any other use Journal preservation Filing Form of bills and resolutions 50 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Subject matter limits Reference to laws Notice on local bill Affidavit of publication Referendum if applies to office Rule 112 No law shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Ga Const art II sec VII par VIII Rule 113 No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XVI Rule 114 No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the newspaper in which the sheriffs advertisements for the locality affected are published once a week for three weeks during a period of sixty days immediately preceding its introduction into the General Assembly No local or special bill shall become law unless there is attached to and made a part of said bill a copy of said notice certified by the publisher or accompanied by an affidavit of the author to the effect that said notice has been published as provided by law No office to which a person has been elected shall be abolished nor the term of the office shortened or lengthened by local or special bill during the term for which such person was elected unless the same be approved by the people of the jurisdiction affected in a referendum on the question When any local law shall add any member or members to any municipal or county governing authority the members of which are elected by the people such local law must provide that LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 51 the member or members so added must be elected by the qualified voters of the political subdivision affected under such rules as the General Assembly may in said law provide Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XV Rule 115 The Secretary shall as soon as possible after any bill or resolution of general application is filed in his office cause the same to be printed and a copy thereof distributed to each member forthwith Whenever any such bill or resolution of general application shall be reported back by the committee to which it was referred with the recommendation that it do pass as amended the Secretary shall cause the recommended amendments to be printed and copies thereof distributed to each member No bill or resolution of general application shall be placed on its passage unless copies of the same and any committee amendments shall have been printed and distributed to the Senator prior to consideration for passage The Senate may at any time by the vote of a majority of those voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum suspend action upon any pending bill or resolution of general application until all amendments offered thereto on the floor of the Senate shall have been printed and distributed to the Senators Rule 116 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the numerical order in which they stand on the calendar Before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Secretary shall distinctly state its number and the name of the Senator by whom introduced Provided that the General Appropriations Bill shall have precedence on third reading over all other matters even Special Orders until final disposition of the said Bill Addition to local governing body Secretarys duty to print and distribute No passage until distributed Suspension of bills and resolutions for distribution of floor amendments Calendar Reading by Secretary Precedence of General Appropriations bills 52 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Engrossment at first reading Debate No unanimous consent Restricts amendment Readings required No debate at first or second reading Rule 117 A motion to engross a bill may be made upon reading the bill the first time and at no other time When a motion to engross is made no debate shall be permitted except that the movant may speak to his motion not longer than five 5 minutes and any one other Senator may speak in opposition thereto for five 5 minutes No bill or resolution shall be engrossed except upon the affirmative vote of twothirds of the Senators voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum No Senator shall be recognized at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to engross a bill or resolution In case of engrossment of any bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Secretary and the bill or other matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed Rule 118 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection but the first and second reading of each local bill shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed Ga Const art Ill sec VII par VII Rule 119 Any bill or resolution shall be automatically passed to a second reading on the legislative day following that day the bill or resolution shall be reported by the committee to which it was referred Except that after the thirtyfifth 35th day of any regular session every bill and resolution shall be read a second time on the same legislative day that the bill or resolution is reported by the committee to which it was referred No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the first or second reading LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 53 USE OF COMMITTEES Rule 120 Upon the introduction of any bill or resolution or other matter requiring reference to a committee the President shall as a matter of course and without debate refer the same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the Senate Rule 121 No Committee of the Whole or other committee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendment recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendment relates Rule 122 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent Rule 123 If the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill or resolution the same shall be placed on the general calendar for a third reading without question unless committed If the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill or resolution in order to have a third reading thereof a Senator must give notice of intention to move to disagree with such adverse committee report by not later than adjournment of the next legislative day following the unfavorable committee report In such case the bill or resolution shall be placed on the calendar The question shall be upon agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill or resolution shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill or resolution shall be passed to a third reading unless committed Reference by President Unless otherwise ordered No defacement Reporting amendments Form of reports Action on report Notice of motion to disagree Time limit on motion to disagree Effect of agreement or disagreement 54 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Reconsidera tion Precedence of reports Senates resolving Notice Debate limits Rule 124 When a bill or resolution favorably reported by a committee is on its third or last reading if the report of the committee is disagreed to by the Senate the bill or resolution shall be lost unless the action of the Senate in disagreeing to the committee report is reconsidered within the proper time Rule 125 When a bill or a resolution has been referred to and reported by more than one committee or has been reported by and then recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the Senate and in all cases the report of the Committee of the Whole Senate shall be first acted on by the Senate COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE Rule 126 The Senate may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole by a majority of those voting provided that the total vote constitutes a quorum on motion of a member made for that purpose provided further that notice of intention to make such motion shall be given during the session of the preceding day Individual speeches on such motion shall be limited to three minutes If such notice shall not have been given the motion shall prevail if it shall receive the affirmative votes of twothirds of those voting provided that the twothirds shall constitute a majority of all the members elected to the Senate Provided further that whenever the Senate either by its own vote or by unanimous consent shall commit any bill or resolution to the Committee of the Whole and subsequently a motion shall be made to resolve the Senate into a Committee of the Whole to consider such bill or resolution and such motion shall be lost the said motion shall not be again renewed but it LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 55 shall be the duty of the President to require the Secretary to read the bill or resolution again at the following days session under the order of introduction of new matter or reading of bills the first time and to refer such bill or resolution to the appropriate committee unless otherwise ordered by the Senate Rule 127 In forming a Committee of the Whole the President shall leave the Chair and a Chairman to preside in Committee shall be appointed by the President Rule 128 The Committee of the Whole shall not proceed with the business before it whenever a vote on any question shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum is not present the Chairman of the Committee shall satisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the Committee and shall report the same to the Committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the Committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of the absence of a quorum to the Senate Rule 129 In the Committee of the Whole bills shall be first read throughout by the Secretary and then again be read or debated by clauses or sections leaving the preamble to be last considered unless otherwise ordered Rule 130 The Rules of the Senate shall be observed by the Committee of the Whole so far as they may be applicable except that the Committee of the Whole cannot refer a matter to any other committee it cannot adjourn the previous question cannot be enforced a motion to lay on the table or indefinitely postpone shall Renewal limited President appoints Chairman Quorum required Consideration of bills Rules 56 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Action limited not be in order a member may speak as often as he may obtain the floor no call of the Senate shall be in order Reconsidera tion Rule 131 A motion to reconsider shall he in order in the Committee of the Whole Voting Rule 132 In the Committee of the Whole all members shall vote on all questions before the Committee unless excused therefrom Papers from Senate Rule 133 While in the Committee of the Whole any papers in the possession of the Senate may be called for by any member and read by the Secretary for the information of the Committee unless the Committee shall otherwise order Control of order Rule 134 The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole shall have power to have the galleries or lobbies cleared in case of any disorderly conduct therein Report on misconduct Rule 135 A Committee of the Whole cannot punish disorderly conduct of its members but must report the same to the Senate for action thereon Limiting debate Rule 136 If at any time in the Committee of the Whole it shall be desired to close the debate or to limit the time to be allowed members for speaking the Committee may rise and report its desire to the Senate and the Senate shall take such action thereon as it may see fit by a resolution Said resolution shall apply only to the subject matter before said Committee When said resolution has been agreed to or refused by the Senate the action of the Senate shall be deemed the sense of the Committee and the Senate may LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 57 then on motion again resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole and continue the consideration of the subject I In the event that a Committee of the Whole at any sitting for want of time shall tail to complete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time rise report progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain Rule 138 A motion that the Committee rise report progress and ask leave to sit again may be made at any time when the movant thereof can legitimately obtain the floor and shall take precedence over all other motions and shall be decided without debate When the motion prevails the Committee shall immediately rise When the regular hour for adjournment of the Senate arrives the Committee shall automatically rise and the President shall assume the Chair Rule 139 When the Committee of the Whole has disposed of bills resolutions or other measures before it by motion and question it shall arise and the Chairman shall be instructed to report the action of the Committee to the Senate At this point the President shall resume his seat aadii Chairman shall return to the floor and shall state in substance as follows Mr President the Committee of the Whole Senate has had under consideration naming what and has instructed me as its Chairman to report the same back to the Senate with the recommendation that the same do pass or do pass as amended or do not pass as the case may be The President shall receive this report and repeat the same and the matter shall then be betore the Senate for action just as though re Recess Adjournment Completion of work Report to President Presidents report 58 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL ported by any other committee Contents of report Rule 140 Amendments offered to an amendment in the Committee of the Whole shall not be reported to the Senate but the report shall contain only the result of the Committees action on the bill resolution or measure under its consideration Action on report Rule 141 Amendments proposed by the Committee of the Whole may be amended or rejected by the Senate and matters stricken out by the Committee may be restored by the Senate Journal entry Rule 142 The proceedings of the Committee of the Whole shall not be recorded in the Journal of the Senate except so far as reported to the Senate by the Chairman of said Committee Methods AMENDMENT Rule 143 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended towit 1st By inserting or adding words 2nd By striking out words 3rd By striking out and inserting words Limits An admendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not permissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Substitute Rule 144 A substitute shall be treated as an amendment in these Rules unless it is clearly indicated otherwise Provided however for the purpose of amending a substitute a substitute shall not be treated as an amendment LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 59 Rule 145 All motions to amend any matter before the Senate must be in writing They must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added Rule 146 Any irrelevant amendment or amendment obviously offered for the purpose of delay shall be ruled out of order by the President Rule 147 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend Rule 148 When a bill or resolution is before the Senate for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the Senate to perfect first the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute Rule 149 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out If a motion be made to strike out a part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall have precedence Form President to strike irrelevant or delaying amendments Blanks to be filled Order of perfection Amend section before striking Rule 150 No motion on a subject different 60 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Limited to subject matter Priority of amendment Title last Committee report amendments Not after agreement on committee report Secretary reading Consideration by parts from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment Rule 151 On all questions whether in committee or in the Senate the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put Rule 152 The title of a bill or resolution shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected Rule 153 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the Senate it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the Senate but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment Rule 154 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to which the bill or resolution under consideration was referred has been agreed to by the Senate unless said action of the Senate in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Rule 155 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Secretary shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended Rule 156 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the Senate shall agree to a motion to LEGISLATIVE MANUAL consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Secretary in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read But the amendments offered by the committee to which said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Secretary without any motion being made When a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur and amend it unless first reconsidered Rule 157 The questions which arise before the Senate respecting amendments by the House to a Senate bill or resolution are in order of precedence 1st A motion to agree to the House amendment 2nd A motion to disagree with the House amendment 3rd A motion to recede from the Senates disagreement or amendment 4th A motion to insist on the Senates disagreement or amendment 5th A motion to adhere to the Senates disagreement or amendment The President is authorized on his own motion or upon point of order being made when in his opinion a House amendment to a Senate bill is not germane to rule out such amendment The effect of such ruling of the President if not appealed from or if appealed from and the appeal not sustained shall be the same as a vote of the Senate to disagree and as such the Secretary shall so report it to the House Such point of order shall take precedence over a motion to agree 61 Committee amendments automatic No recurring Precedence of action on House amendments Presidents power to rule out if not germane Secretarys report 62 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Precedence of amendment Limits on amendment Adoption of House amendment Conference committee Appointment on motion Consideration Recommenda tion Report Rule 158 A motion to amend an amendment made by the House to a Senate bill or resolution takes precedence over a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment Rule 159 When any bill or resolution which originated in the Senate has been amended in the House and is before the Senate for action on the House amendment an amendment may be offered in the Senate to the House amendment but the Senate amendment to the House amendment cannot be further amended It must be adopted or voted down Rule 160 A House amendment to a Senate bill or resolution must be adopted by the vote required to pass the bill or resolution Rule 161 Whenever any member moves that a Committee of Conference be appointed on disagreeing votes or other matters of the two Houses and said motion prevails the President shall appoint three 3 members for the Committee who voted in the majority on the position assumed by the Senate if such vote has been had The Committee of Conference may consider the whole subject matter embraced in a bill resolution or other matter before it and may recommend recision by either House new amendments new bills and resolutions or other germane changes unless instructed otherwise by the Senate on motion before the members of the Conference Committee are appointed A report of a Committee of Conference must be approved by a majority vote of the entire membership of the Committee before the report may be transmitted to either the Senate or the House LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 63 After a Committee of Conference has been in existence for five 5 days and has failed to make a report to the Senate on the question under consideration the Senate on motion and by a majority vote of all members elected to the Senate may discharge the Senate conferees and appoint new conferees instruct said Senate conferees or make any other motion not contrary to the Rules of the Senate Provided that during the last five 5 days of the session the above motions may be made and passed at any time but not more often than every three 3 hours All Conference Committee reports shall be printed and distributed to the Senators prior to consideration of the same unless the printing of the same be dispensed with by a majority vote of all members elected to the Senate Any Conference Committee report must be adopted by the vote required to pass the bill resolution or matter under consideration PREVIOUS QUESTION Rule 162 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill Rule 163 Any Senator may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it Rule 164 The Senator calling for a division must state what definite parts and how many he would have the question divided into Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself as a consistent and entire unit Discharge Last 5 days of session Distribution of report Adoption of report Subject matter Call for division Distinct parts 64 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL No debate on motion Form of question Vote Main question Adjournment Reconsidera tion Debate Committee Introducer Others Rule 165 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence over all other motions except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table When it is moved the first question shall be Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority of those voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum the motions to adjourn or to lay on the table may still be made but they must be made before the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative After said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority of those voting provided that the total vote constitutes a quorum said motions will be out of order and the Senate cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted the regular hour of adjournment arrives or the Senate reconsiders its action But no motion to reconsider the action of the Senate in ordering the main question shall be in order after the Secretary has called the first name on call of the Yeas and Nays and the vote of any member has been given or after the electronic roll call system is unlocked for voting or after a division of the Senate has been had on the vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced in such cases the roll call shall be completed the vote counted and the result finally announced Rule 166 When the previous question has been ordered the Senate shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to close the debate to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration If the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 65 or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such Senators as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this Rule In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any matter if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of itbefore the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report Rule 167 A call of the Senate shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the President that a quorum is not present Rule 168 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate u 169 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the Senate to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved Rule 170 After the main question has been ordered a motion to reconsider this action will if adopted have the effect to repeal the ordering of both the main question and the previous question and will leave the pending measure again If minority committee report No call unless no quorum No debate on incidental questions Effect of main question Effect of reconsidra tion 66 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Limits on reconsideration open to debate and amendment The motion to reconsider the ordering of the main question can be made only once and if lost or if the main question is again subsequently ordered on the pending measure no second motion to reconsider the ordering of the main question shall be entertained Requirement for law VOTING Rule 171 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the Journal Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XIV General requirement Rule 172 In the event no specific vote is provided in these Rules for the passage of any Senate amendment motion or procedural matters and on all other matters not otherwise provided for in these Rules the vote for passage or adoption thereof shall be a majority of those voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum As to all resolutions not otherwise provided for in these Rules the vote for adoption shall be by a majority of the votes of all the members elected to the Senate Time for Rule 173 No Senator shall be permitted to cast his vote on any motion resolution amendment bill or other question until the question is put to the Senate by the President by viva voce vote or division of the Senate or until after the roll call has begun No Senator or person shall vote for or attempt to vote for another Senator on any question Violation of this Rule shall be deemed to be disorderly behavior and subject to LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 67 punishment as provided by the Constitution and Rules of the Senate This Rule cannot be suspended by unanimous consent Rule 174 The Presidents method of stating the question on any motion shall be as follows All in favor of the motion shall say Aye Those opposed will say No When a decision seems doubtful to the President or when a division of the Senate is called for by any one member of the Senate the President shall call upon the Senators in favor of the motion to rise After a count is had by the Secretary he shall call upon the Senators to reverse their positions and the President shall announce the result Rule 175 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the Senate the President may order the doors of the Senate to be closed and the roll of Senators called by the Secretary or recorded on the electronic roll call system If it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the Senate the refusal of any Senator present to vote unless excused shall be deemed a contempt of the Senate Rule 176 On the final vote on all general bills and resolutions having the effect of law and on the adoption of all Conference Committee reports there shall be a recorded vote Any Senator or the presiding officer may call for a division on any matter before the Senate and the presiding officer may order a roll call or any Senator may call for the Yeas and Nays if the call for the Yeas and Nays is sustained by five 5 of the members voting the vote shall be taken by the Yeas and Nays and so entered on the Journal A motion for the call of the Yeas and Nays shall be decided without debate Presidents question Requiring division Roll call to determine quorum Vote required Recorded vote Division Journal entry No debate on yeas and nays 68 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Electronic roll call system Secretarys call V erification Rule 177 In all instances where the Rules statutes or Constitution provide for the Yeas and Nays or a roll call the electronic roll call system shall be used except upon elections The system shall be set so that it automatically locks and records the vote sixty 60 seconds after it is activated When the presiding officer ascertains that the electronic roll call system is inoperative he shall order the Secretary to call the roll viva voce and the votes recorded The official roll call shall be printed by the electronic roll call system and shall never in any way be altered or the votes recorded thereon changed When the electronic roll call system is used the voting procedure shall be after the main question is put the presiding officer shall state The question is on designating the matter to be voted upon all in favor vote Yea and all opposed Nay the Secretary will unlock the machine after the machine is electronically locked and records the vote he shall announce the vote and declare the results Rule 178 On the call of the Yeas and Nays the Secretary shall read the names of the Senators after they have been called and no Senator shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question When the electronic roll call system is used this Rule shall be inoperative When the electronic roll call system is used no verification of the roll call is required but when the roll call is taken viva voce it shall be verified unless suspended by unanimous consent Rule 179 A motion to excuse a Senator from LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 69 voting must be made before the Senate divides or before the roll call is commenced and it shall be decided without debate except that the Senator making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it should prevail All Senate Conference Committee members shall be excused from voting during meetings of the Conference Committee The excuse shall be entered in the Journal if the chairman notifies the Secretary of the actual time of the meeting before leaving and after returning to the Chamber Rule 180 No Senator shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is personally interested In every case where the seat of a Senator is being contested the sitting Senator and the contestant shall both retire from the Senate before the vote is taken Rule 181 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not voting Rule 182 No member shall be permitted to explain his vote during a roll call however on all questions except such as are not debatable any Senator shall be permitted to explain his vote by reducing his explanation to writing in no more than two hundredfifty 250 words The writing shall not impugn the motives of any other Senator and if filed with the Secretary before the confirmation of the Journal on the day next succeeding such vote shall be entered on the Journal of that day Rule 183 During a roll call on any question no debate shall be had Excuse time and debate Conferees excused No vote if interest conflicts Contested seats No pairing Explanation No debate during roll call 70 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Journal record of yeas and nays 23 vote Journal record of yeas and nays Recording nonvoters Consideration and veto Overriding Dividing appropriations Rule 184 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an act or resolution the Yeas and Nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XIX Rule 185 The Yeas and Nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal Ga Const art Ill sec VII par VI Rule 186 Whenever on any question the Yeas and Nays shall have been ordered the Secretary shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting GOVERNORS ACTION Rule 187 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding his veto and if any bills should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sundays excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return in which event the Governor shall have thirty days Sundays excepted from the date of adjournment in which to approve the same and if not approved within that time the same shall become a law He may approve any appropriation and veto any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House Whenever such bill has been vetoed by the Governor it shall be the duty of the Governor LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 71 to transmit such bill to the presiding officer of the Branch of the General Assembly in which it originated together with a list of reasons if any for such veto Such transmission shall be made within thirtyfive 35 days Sundays excepted from the date of the adjournment of the Session of the General Assembly at which such bill was passed Such bill may be considered by the Branch of the General Assembly in which it originated at any time within the first ten 10 days of the next regular session of the General Assembly for the purpose of overriding the action of the Governor In the event the action of the Governor is overridden by twothirds of the votes of such Branch of the General Assembly the same shall be immediately transmitted by the Secretary of or the Clerk of such Branch of the General Assembly to the other Branch of the General Assembly It shall be the duty of the presiding officer of such other Branch of the General Assembly upon receiving such bill to dispense with all business that is then being considered and to then and there consider and act upon such bill for the purpose of overriding the action of the Governor In the event the action of the Governor is overridden by twothirds of the votes of such Branch of the General Assembly such bill shall become law In the event either Branch of the General Assembly should fail to override the Governors action on a bill such bill shall not again be presented to the General Assembly of Georgia for the purpose of overriding the action of the Governor In the event any bill is enacted into law pursuant to the terms of this paragraph the effective date of such bill shall be on the date that such bill was acted upon by the Branch of the General Assembly last acting upon such bill Provided however that any bills that are vetoed by the Governor after the adjournment of Overriding vetoes 72 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL the regular session of the General Assembly immediately preceding the general election in which the Governor is elected shall not be subject to be overridden by the next regular session of the General Assembly Ga Const art V sec I par XV Subject matter Rule 188 Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each House provided however that nothing of each House provided however that Not constitutional amendments strued to confer on the Governor the right to veto or enter his disapproval of any proposal made by the General Assembly to amend the Constitution Ga Const art V sec I par XVI Signature required Rule 189 No provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the two Exceptions thirds vote required to override the veto to submit constitutional amendments and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XXI Appointment COMMITTEE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTION Rule 190 The Committee on Committees shall appoint the following standing committees which shall not exceed the following number of Senators each LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 73 Agriculture7 Appropriations19 Banking Finance and Insurance13 Consumer Affairs7 County and Urban Affairs8 Defense and Veterans Affairs7 Economy Reorganization and Efficiency in Government13 Education11 Higher Education9 Human Resources11 Industry Labor and Tourism9 Interstate Cooperation5 Judiciary12 Natural Resources and Environmental Quality11 Offender Rehabilitation7 Public Utilities7 Retirement7 Rules12 Transportation9 Each Senator shall be appointed to serve on three committees and no more except membership Membership on the Rules and the Interstate Cooperation Com imi s mittees shall not count as one of the three committees The Committee on Committees shall appoint a chairman a vice chairman and a secretary for Appointment of all standing committees and a chairman of stand officers ing subcommittees No Senator shall be appointed chairman or vice chairman of more than one committee The Committee on Committees may create in its discretion within any standing committee a ttcca subcommittee or subcommittees and appoint the ml ees membership and officers thereof Nothing herein contained shall be construed to limit the authority of the standing committees or the officers thereof Once a Senator is appointed to a standing com Tenure 74 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Vacancies Organization Calling meetings Vice chairmans power Minutes mittee he shall never be removed therefrom as long as he is a member of the Senate unless that Senator so requests Rule 191 After the announcement of the standing committees no other Senators shall be placed thereon except when Senators have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or resignation from the Senate or by being reassigned at his request by the Committee on Committees the Committee on Committees may assign any Senator to such committees as have vacancies and it may fill any vacancy in the offices of chairman vice chairman or secretary Rule 192 Each committee or subcommittee shall first meet upon the call of the chairman and perfect its organization After the organizational meeting each committee or subcommittee shall meet upon the call of its chairman provided that the vice chairman may call a meeting of the committee or subcommittee if he obtains a certificate from the President certifying that the chairman is incapacitated or if he is directed in writing by the chairman to so call the meeting to consider such measures as specified by the chairman All subcommittees shall be subject to the will of their parent standing committees and the officers thereof No bill shall be reported to the Senate until it has been acted upon by the full standing committee and all actions of any subcommittee shall be approved or disapproved by the standing committee The secretary of each standing committee or subcommittee shall keep minutes of the meetings of the committee or subcommittee as directed by the chairman Rule 193 The Chief Justice Emeritus and the LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 75 Associate Judge Emeritus shall constitute the Advisory Appellate Council Ga Code Ann sec 244608 Rule 194 It shall also be the duty of the said Advisory Appellate Council to consult with the AttorneyGeneral and the assistants to the AttorneyGeneral upon legal matters when their advice and consultation is requested It shall further be the duty of the said Advisory Appellate Council to consult with committees of the General Assembly and to furnish advice and information to said committees of the General Assembly upon questions of law when their advice and assistance is requested Ga Code Ann sec 244610 Rule 195 All officers and employees of the Senate shall be paid for their services by the Legislative Fiscal Officer from funds appropriated to the General Assembly Ga Code Ann sec 47304 Rule 196 The compensation due to the officers and members of the General Assembly shall be certified by the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives respectively upon the report of the auditing committee to the Legislative Fiscal Officer who afterwards shall pay each member who shall present his account duly audited Ga Code Ann sec 47110 Rule 197 No member shall engage in any travel at State expense outside the State of Georgia unless such travel is first approved in writing by the chairman of the committee and the Presi Advisory Appellate Council Duties of Advisory Appellate Council Payment of officers and employees Certification of accounts Out of State travel 76 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL No compensation from other State departments Election of State officers No disparagement in nomination Viva voce vote Journal entry dent of the Senate The member requesting such travel shall state in writing the places to be visited the dates thereof and the purposes therefor which purposes shall be relevant to legitimate legislative matters a copy of which shall be filed with the Legislative Fiscal Officer prior to the travel These provisions shall not apply to the Chairman of the Committee on Interstate Cooperation Every voucher for reimbursement of expenses by members of the General Assembly for out of State travel must contain an itemized listing of all expenses and be approved by the chairman of the committee before the Legislative Fiscal Officer shall be authorized to disburse any funds on such voucher Rule 198 A person shall not be paid for services rendered to the Senate in any capacity while such person is drawing any salary wages or other compensation from any other Department of the State ELECTION AND INAUGURATION OF GOVERNOR Rule 199 Every State officer whose election is not otherwise provided for shall be elected by the General Assembly in the same manner and at the same time as other officers are elected by them Ga Code Ann sec 47401 Rule 200 In nominating candidates for any office no other candidate shall be disparaged Rule 201 All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of election they shall meet LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 77 in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the results Ga Const art Ill sec X par I Rule 202 In all elections a majority of the Senators voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum must make the choice Rule 203 The returns of each election district in a gubernatorial election shall be sealed up by the superintendent thereof separately from other returns and shall be transmitted to the Secretary of State On the Tuesday next following the general election unless the date therefor shall be changed by law the Secretary of State shall transmit said returns to a Constitutional Officers Election Board which shall be composed of the Speaker and Clerk of the House of Representatives the President Pro Tempore and the Secretary of the Senate and the chairmen of all standing committees of the General Assembly Such board shall open and publish the returns and the person having the majority of the whole number of votes shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State Each candidate for Governor shall be entitled to designate one person to be present at the opening of the returns Ga Const art V sec I par III Rule 204 In the event no gubernatorial candidate receives a majority of the whole number of votes cast in the general election the Constitutional Officers Election Board shall continue the gubernatorial election by immediately calling a runoff election and designate as candidates therein the two persons who received the highest number of votes who continue in life and have not declined to continue as a gubernatorial candidate Meet in House President presides Vote required Action on returns for Governors election Runoff election for Governor 78 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL First Oath This runoff election shall be held on the third Tuesday immediately following the general election unless the date thereof shall be changed by the General Assembly The runoff election shall be a continuation of the general election and only the electors who were entitled to vote in the general election shall be entitled to vote therein and only those votes cast for the two persons designated shall be counted in the tabulation and canvass of the votes cast The provisions relating to the transmission of the returns in the general election the opening of the returns their tabulation canvassing and publication shall apply to the runoff election On the Tuesday next following the runoff election the Constitutional Officers Election Board shall convene open canvass tabulate and publish the returns of the runoff election The person having the highest number of votes entitled to be counted in the runoff election shall be declared the duly elected Governor of this State Ga Const art V sec I par IV Rule 205 The Governor shall begin this disweek charge of his duties from the time of his inauguration The ceremony of inauguration shall take place during the first week of the session of the General Assembly next after the election and on such day of that week as the General Assembly by joint resolution shall appoint On failure of appointment it shall take place at 1200 noon on Saturday of that week unless prevented by providential cause Ga Code Ann sec 40103 Rule 206 The oath prescribed by the ninth Paragraph of the first section of the fifth Article of the Constitution of this State shall be taken by the Governorelect in the presence of the General LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 79 Assembly in joint session of the Senate and House of Representatives Upon so taking the oath the Governorelect shall become Governor Ga Code Ann sec 40104 Rule 207 The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of his office take the following oath I or affirmation I do solemnly swear or affirm I as the case may be that I will faithfully execute I the office of Governor of the State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America Ga Const art V sec I par IX Rule 208 The fact of such inauguratiohof the Governor shall be entered upon the Journal of the House of Representatives and shall be conclusive evidence of his right and title to the office and of his eligibility and qualification Ga Code Ann sec 401042 Rule 209 The General Assembly may provide by law for any additional procedures or requirements connected with any subject matter embraced within Paragraphs III and IV Ga Code Ann sec 23003 and 23004 and in connection with any contested election provided such laws are not inconsistent with the provisions therein Ga Const art V sec I par V CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS Rule 210 A new Constitution may be proposed by the General Assembly or by a Constitutional Convention The proposal by the General Assembly to provide for a new Constitution or to amend this Constitution shall originate as a Resolution Journal entry Contested elections uotnosaj 80 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Vote Journal entry Repeal or amendment in either the Senate or the House of Representatives and if approved by twothirds of the members elected to each branch of the General Assembly in a roll call vote such proposal shall be entered on the Journals of each branch with the Ayes and Nays taken thereon Any proposal to amend this Constitution or any proposal for a new Constitution may be amended or repealed by the same General Assembly which adopted such proposal by the affirmative vote of twothirds of the members elected to each branch of the General Assembly in a roll call vote entered on their respective Journals if such action is taken at least two months prior to the date of the election at which such proposal is to be submitted The Governor the Attorney General and the Secretary of State shall meet and determine whether a proposed amendment is general and if not general shall determine what political subdivision or subdivisions are directly affected by such proposed amendment If a proposed amendment is general it shall be published as provided by law in full once each week for three consecutive weeks immediately preceding the date of the election at which such proposed amendment is to be submitted in one newspaper of general circulation in each congressional district of the State If such proposed amendment is not general it shall be published as provided by law in full once each week for three consecutive weeks immediately preceding the date of the election at which such proposed amendment is to be submitted in one newspaper of general circulation in each county in which the directly affected political subdivision or subdivisions are located In the event no such newspaper is located in such county a newspaper in an adjoining county shall be used A proposal for a new Constitution shall be published in the same manner as proposed general amendments LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 81 Any proposed amendment which is general or a proposal for a new Constitution shall be submitted to the people of the entire State at the next general election which is held in the evennumbered years and if ratified by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment shall become a part of this Constitution or shall become the new Constitution as the case may be A proposed amendment which is not general shall be submitted at the next general election which is held in the evennumbered years but shall only be submitted to the people of the political subdivision or subdivisions directly affected The votes of the electors in each political subdivision affected shall be counted separately in determining whether such proposed amendment is ratified and it must be ratified by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon in each such political subdivision before it shall become a part of this Constitution The General Assembly in the Resolution shall state the language to be used in submitting the proposed amendment or proposal for a new Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately but this shall not apply to a proposal for a new Constitution Ga Const art XIII sec I par I Rule 211 No Convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable This Constitution shall not be revised amended or changed by the Approval Language of proposal Separate proposals Convention 82 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Convention until the proposed revision amendment or change has been submitted and ratified by the people in the manner provided for submission and ratification of amendment proposed by the General Assembly Ga Const art XIII sec I par II No veto Rule 212 The Governor shall not have the right to veto any proposal by the General Assembly to amend the Constitution Ga Const art XIII sec I par III Appropria tions required APPROPRIATION CLAIMS AND FINANCE Rule 213 No money shall be drawn from the Treasury except by appropriation made by law Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XI Origination in House Rule 214 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Ga Const art Ill sec VII par X Recording of yeas and nays Rule 215 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the Yeas and Nays in each House are recorded Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XII Resolutions treated same Rule 216 All resolutions which may appropriate money out of any funds shall be treated in all respects in the manner of introduction and procedure as bills they shall originate in the House of Representatives and shall receive three LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 83 readings previous to their passage but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in case of bills Ga Code Ann sec 47503 Rule 217 a The Governor shall submit to the General Assembly within five days after its convening in regular session in 1973 and each year thereafter a budget message and a budget report accompanied by a draft of a General Appropriations Bill in such form and manner as may be prescribed by statute which shall provide for the appropriation of the funds necessary to operate all the various departments and agencies and to meet the current expenses of the State for the next fiscal year b The General Assembly shall annually appropriate the funds necessary to operate all the various departments and agencies and meet the current expenses of the State for the next fiscal year The fiscal year of the State shall commence on the first day of July of each year and terminate on the thirtieth of June following c The General Assembly shall by general law provide for the regulation and management of the finance and fiscal administration of the State Ga Const art VII sec IX par I a Each General Appropriations Act now of force or hereafter adopted with such amendments as are adopted from time to time shall continue in force and effect for the next fiscal year after adoption and it shall then expire except for the mandatory appropriations required by this Constitution and those required to meet contractual obligations authorized by this Constitution and the continued appropriation of Federal Grants Budget procedure 84 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL b The General Assembly shall not appropriate funds for any given fiscal year which in aggregate exceed a sum equal to the amount of unappropriated surplus expected to have accrued in the State Treasury at the beginning of the fiscal year together with an amount not greater than the total Treasury receipts from existing revenue sources anticipated to be collected in the fiscal year less refunds as estimated in the Budget Report and amendments thereto Supplementary appropriations if any shall be made in the manner provided in Article VII Section IX Paragraph III section 26203 of this Constitution but in no event shall a Supplementary Appropriations Act continue in force and effect beyond the expiration of the General Appropriations Act in effect when such Supplementary Appropriations Act was adopted and approved c All appropriated funds except for the mandatory appropriations required by this Constitution remaining unexpended and not contractually obligated at the expiration of such General Appropriations Act shall lapse d All Federal funds received by the State of Georgia are hereby continually appropriated in the exact amounts and for the purposes authorized and directed by the Federal Government in making the grant e The State State institutions departments and agencies of the State are hereby prohibited from entering into any contract with any public agency public corporation or authority pursuant to the provisions of Article VII Section VI Paragraph I section 25901 a which such contract constitutes security for bonds or other obligations issued by any such public agency public corporation or authority and the appropriation or expenditure of any funds for the payment of obliga LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 85 tions under any such contract is likewise prohibited at any time when the aggregate annual payments under all such contracts including the contract or contracts proposed to be entered into exceed 15 per cent of the total revenue receipts less refunds of the State Treasury in the fiscal year immediately preceding the making and entering into of any such contract provided however this provision shall not affect contracts validly entered into prior to its adoption or which conform to this provision at the time the same are hereafter executed The execution of any such contract is further prohibited until the General Assembly has specifically provided funds in an Appropriations Act for the payment of at least one years rental under such contract Ga Const art VII sec IX par II The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses such amounts as are necessary to pay the interest on the public debt and the principal of the public debt maturing in such year and to provide a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not been matured The amount of such annual levy shall be determined after consideration of the amount then held in the sinking fund The taxes levied for such purposes and the said sinking fund shall be applied to no other purpose whatever The funds in the said sinking fund may be invested in the bonds of the State and also in bonds and securities issued by the Federal Government and subsidiaries of the Federal Government fully guaranteed by that government If said bonds are not available for purchase the funds in the sinking fund may be loaned with the approval of the Governor when amply secured by bonds of the State or Federal Government upon such conditions as may be provided by law Ga Const art VII sec II par IX LEGISLATIVE MANUAL The Governor through the Office of Planning and Budget shall prepare and submit to the General Assembly within five days after its organization a budget report for consideration either with or without amendments and modifications by the General Assembly Ga Code Ann sec 40405 The budget report shall contain and include the following information 1 Summary statements of the financial condition of the State accompanied by such detailed schedules of assets and liabilities as the Governor deems desirable which shall include but not be limited to the following a A comparative consolidated balance sheet showing all the assets and liabilities of the State and the surplus or deficit as the case may be at the close of each of the two fiscal years last concluded b Summary statements of fund balances showing in detail for each fund the surplus or deficit at the beginning of each of the two fiscal years last concluded the actual income of that year the total appropriation of that year and the total expenditures of that year c Similar summary statements of the estimated fund balances for the current fiscal year and each of the next two fiscal years 2 Statements of income and receipts for each of the two fiscal years last concluded and the estimated income and receipts of the current fiscal year and of each of the next two fiscal years apd a statement of unappropriated surplus expected to have accrued in the State Treasury at the beginning of the next fiscal year The state LEGISLATIVE MANUAL ments of income and estimated income shall be itemized by sources and by budget unit collecting the same The statements of receipts and estimated receipts shall be itemized by sources and by budget unit receiving the same Existing sources of income and receipts shall be analyzed as to their equity productivity and need for revision and any proposed new sources of income or receipts shall be explained 3 Summary statements of expenditures and disbursements for each of the two fiscal years last concluded itemized by budget units under functional heads and showing the amounts expended for each major function of the government 4 A statement of the surplus account showing the excess of all current assets over all current liabilities as of the end of each of the two fiscal years last concluded and all changes in surplus account during each of such two fiscal years 5 Detailed comparative statements of expenditures and requests for appropriations by funds budget units and budget classes showing the expenditures for each of the two fiscal years last concluded the budget of the current year and the Governors recommendations for appropriations for each budget unit for each of the next two fiscal years all distributed according to budget classes of ordinary recurrring expenses of operation and maintenance including but not limited to personal services and authority lease rentals and of extraordinary expenses and capital outlay Following the lists of actual and proposed expenditures of each budget unit there shall be a brief explanation of the functions of the unit and comments on its policies and plans and on any considerable differences among the amounts expended and the amounts recommended with such descriptive quantitative comparative and other data as to work done unit costs and like informa LEGISLATIVE MANUAL tion as is considered necessary or desirable In connection with each budget class of capital outlays involving construction projects to be completed in two or more fiscal years there shall be shown the total estimated cost of each such project and the amount thereof recommended to be appropriated and expended in each ensuing fiscal year until completion of the project Capital outlay needs shall be projected for at least three years beyond the period covered by the budget 6 A summary statement of the cash resources estimated to be available at the beginning of each of the next two fiscal years and the estimated cash receipts of the fiscal year as compared with the total recommended amounts of appropriation for all budget classes for the year and if the total of the recommended expenditures exceeds the total of the estimated resources recommendations as to how the deficiency is to be met and estimates of receipts from any proposed additional revenues 7 A draft of a proposed General Appropriations Act or Acts embodying the Governors budget report and recommendations for appropriations for each of the next two ensuing fiscal years and drafts of such revenue and other Acts as may be recommended for putting into effect the proposed financial plan The recommended appropriation for each budget unit shall be specified in a separate section of the Appropriations Act The total amount of appropriations recommended shall not exceed the cash resources available to meet expenditures under such appropriations 8 Such other information as the Governor deems desirable or as is required by law Acts 1962 pp 17 22 1963 pp 427 428 Ga Code Ann sec 40406 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 89 Rule 218 The General Appropriations Bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and for support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Ga Const art Ill sec VII par IX Rule 219 All General Appropriations Bills in addition to the customary itemized statements of the amounts appropriated for the usual expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State shall contain also a like itemized statement of all amounts appropriated by any previous law to be paid annually out of the treasury and such amounts so appropriated by previous laws shall not be paid from the treasury unless they are embraced in the General Appropriations Act Ga Code Ann sec 47502 Rule 220 a Except as hereinafter provided the appropriation for each department officer bureau board commission agency or institution for which appropriation is made shall be for a specific sum of money and no appropriation shall allocate to any object the proceeds of any particular tax or fund or a part or percentage thereof b An amount equal to all money derived from motor fuel taxes received by the State in each of the immediately preceding fiscal years less the amount of refunds rebates and collection costs authorized by law is hereby appropriated for the Contents of general appropriations bill Required itemization of past appropriations Specific sum not fund Motor fuel taxes to highways 90 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Emergency Supplementary Appropria tions fiscal year beginning July 1 of each year following for all activities incident to providing and maintaining an adequate system of public roads and bridges in this State as authorized by laws enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia and for grants to counties by law authorizing road construction and maintenance as provided by law authorizing such grants Said sum is hereby appropriated for and shall be available for the aforesaid purposes regardless of whether the General Assembly enacts a General Appropriations Act and said sum need not be specificially stated in any General Appropriations Act passed by the General Assembly in order to be available for such purposes However this shall not preclude the General Assembly from appropriating for such purposes an amount greater than the sum specified above for such purposes The expenditure of such funds shall be subject to all the rules regulations and restrictions imposed on the expenditure of appropriations by provisions of the Constitution and laws of this State unless such provisions are in conflict with the provisions of this paragraph And provided however that the proceeds of the tax hereby appropriated shall not be subject to budgetary reduction In the event of invasion of this State by land sea or air or in case of a major catastrophe so proclaimed by the Governor said funds may be utilized for defense or relief purposes on the Executive Order of the Governor Ga Const art VII sec IX par IV Rule 221 In addition to the appropriations made by the General Appropriations Act and amendments thereto the General Assembly may make additional appropriations by Acts which shall be known as Supplementary Appropriations Acts provided no such supplementary appropriation shall be available unless there is an unap LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 91 propriated surplus in the State Treasury or the revenue necessary to pay such appropriation shall have been provided by a tax laid for such purpose and collected into the General Fund of the State Treasury Neither House shall pass a Supplementary Appropriations Bill until the General Appropriations Act shall have been finally adopted by both Houses and approved by the Governor Ga Const art VII sec IX par III Rule 222 All Resolutions which may appropriate money out of any fund shall be treated in all respects in the manner of introduction and procedure as bills they shall originate in the House of Representatives and shall receive three readings previous to their passage but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in case of bills Ga Code Ann sec 47503 Rule 223 The Claims Advisory Board hereinafter called the board shall be composed of th Secretary of State who shall be chairman the Commissioner of Human Resources and the Director of the Department of Transportation Ga Code Ann sec 47504 Any Resolution relative to a claim against the State or any of its departments or agencies must be introduced in the House of Representatives No such Resolution may be introduced unless a notice of claim has been filed with the board on or before the 15th day of November immediately preceding the introduction of such Resolution if the event giving rise to a claim against the State occurred on or before the fifth day of November If said event occurred subsequent to the fifth day Compensation resolutions Claims Advisory Board Procedure for compensation resolutions 92 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL of November immediately preceding the introduction of such Resolution a notice of claim shall be filed as herein provided within 10 days after the occurrence of said event No such Resolution may be introduced later than 15 days prior to adjournment of the General Assembly The board shall provide forms to be used in filing a notice of claim and shall make them available for such purpose When such notice is filed the board shall inform the person filing such notice in writing the information it will require in order to take action on such claim Such information may include accident reports affidavits statements bills receipts letters documents and any other supporting material or data deemed necessary by the board All such information must be filed with the board prior to the introduction of the Resolution Ga Code Ann sec 47505 It shall be the duty of each State department and agency to file with the Claims Advisory Board a notice of possibility of claim covering any occurrence which would be the subject of a notice of claim as provided in section 47505 Such notice of possibility of claim shall be filed on forms provided by the Claims Advisory Board and furnished to each State department and agency upon request It shall be the duty of each State department and agency to file such notice of possibility of claim within 30 days after the date of any such occurrence If filed within the same time limitations provided relative to the filing of notices of claim as provided in section 47505 such notice of possibility of claim shall be sufficient for action to be taken thereon and the fact that no notice of claim has been filed within the time provided shall not prevent the introduction of a Resolution and action thereon as provided in this law Ga Code Ann sec 475051 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 93 Rule 224 Any Compensation Resolution shall be referred by the Speaker of the House to the Appropriations Committee of the House and the Clerk of the House shall transmit a certified copy of such Resolution to the chairman of the board not later than the day after its referral to the Appropriations Committee Upon receipt of such copy the chairman after consultation with the other members of the board shall set a time for acting on such claim and shall set a date for a hearing if a hearing is deemed necessary In the event a hearing is to be held the Representative introducing the Resolution shall be notified of the date time and place thereof Such other persons as the board deems necessary shall likewise be notified The Representative introducing the Resolution shall be notified as to the action taken by the board on such claim and the recommendation made by the board to the Appropriations Committee In the event the Representative is dissatisfied with the recommendation of the board and no hearing has been held he shall be entitled to have the board set a hearing by so requesting the chairman in writing Ga Code Ann sec 47506 Upon receipt of a notice of claim the board may begin its investigation thereof or it may wait until the supporting information provided for hereinbefore has been furnished After the board has investigated the claim after introduction of the Resolution and after a hearing thereon if any the board shall prepare a statement including its findings its determination of the merits of the claim its recommendation as to the payment thereof and such other information as the board deems advisable Such statement shall be immediately transmitted to the Chairman of the House Appropriations Committee who shall present the same to the full committee The recom Oompensation resolutions originate in House 94 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Specific borrowing purpose mendations of the board shall be advisory in nature only and shall not be binding on the House of Representatives the Senate nor any committee of either The Resolution shall be acted upon in the same manner as provided by law and the Rules of the House and Senate for action upon bills Ga Code Ann sec 47507 No Compensation Resolution shall be passed without being presented to the board and the board is hereby prohibited from considering any Resolution unless notice of claim is filed within the time provided for hereinbefore and unless the Resolution is introduced within the time limitations specified hereinbefore and unless the information required by the board is filed within the time limitations specified hereinbefore The board shall make no recommendations during the last 10 days of any regular session of the General Assembly Ga Code Ann sec 47508 Rule 225 All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of the State shall specify the purpose for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for the purpose specified and for no other Ga Const art VII sec Ill par III Control if rules do not cover RULES Rule 226 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing legislative bodies Rules variations to Rules Committee Rule 227 No suspension of change in or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change addition or suspension be first LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 95 referred in writing to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the Senate Provided that the rules may be suspended by unanimous consent of the Senate without referral to the Committee on Rules when not prohibited by the rules acts or the Constitution The Committee on Rules must report rules changes additions or suspensions submitted to it immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day following the introduction in the Senate of the proposed change addition or suspension A failure to so report such proposed suspension change or addition to these rules within two days shall automatically bring said proposed suspension change or addition before the Senate for consideration Rule 228 Upon receiving nominations by the Governor that require Senate confirmation the President shall notify the Senate that such nominations have been received However no nominations may be considered by the Senate until the expiration of seventytwo 72 hours after receipt thereof by the President or until the expiration of fortyeight 48 hours after being referred to a committee The President shall make such nominations available for review by any Senator Any Senator may notify the President in writing that he wishes to have a nomination considered by a standing committee provided however any nomination to the State Board of Education or the Board of Regents shall be considered by a standing committee before consideration by the Senate without the necessity of a written request therefor and said committee shall notify the Governor of the time date and place of the committee meeting for consideration of such nomination The President shall then refer any such nomination to the standing committee of the Suspension by unanimous consent Required report Time for consideration of Governors appointments Request for consideration by standing committee Notification to Governor 96 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Senate which would ordinarily consider bills or resolutions relative to the board bureau commission or other office to which such nominee was nominated and such standing committee shall be called by the chairman of said standing committee within a reasonable time after receiving said request from the President At the time the Senate considers such nominations the committee or committees shall make their recommendations if any relative to such nominees This Rule may be suspended by a majority vote of the Senate during the last ten 10 days of the session Upon the request of any Senator the appointee must furnish to the Senate a resume of all business transactions that he has had with the State of Georgia during the period of the two years before the appointment Rule 229 All sessions of the Senate and all n meetings of Senate committees shall be open to the pen mee mg jxcept as hereinafter provided all meet ings of Conference Committees shall be open to the public When a Conference Committee has been appointed and has begun meeting if two Senate members of the Committee and two House members of the Committee shall decide that the efficiency of the committee is being impeded or the committee is unable to make sound fiscal recommendations resulting from public meetings a report of this decision shall be made by the Senate conferees to the full Senate The full Senate shall then vote and if a majority of the members elected to the Senate vote to adopt said report the Conference Committee shall continue its deliberations in Executive Session The Conference Committee may establish rules for the conduct of its meetings not in conflict with the provisions of this rule LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 97 RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN IN JOINT SESSION 1 The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet in joint session in the Hall of the House of Representatives as soon as possible after the start of the session at such time as may he fixed by joint resolution of both Houses for the purpose of electing such officers of the State as are now or may hereafter be required to be elected by the General Assembly Said joint session shall continue in morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of said officers are elected 2 The time of the meeting of the two Houses in joint session shall be determined otherwise by concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law When the Senate and the House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall preside and declare the result 3 At the hour determined by the concurrent resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Representatives 4 The President of the Senate shall preside and announce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly In the absence of the President of the Senate the Speaker of the House shall preside in the absence of both the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House the President Pro Immediate election meeting in House Time of meetings Elections in House President presides Method of meeting Presidents powers Succession 98 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Speakers seat Quorum Duty of Secretary Journal Filing papers Delivery of papers to Secretary of State No second of nominations Vote Tempore of the Senate shall preside in the absence of the three last named the Speaker Pro Tempore of the House shall preside 5 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate 6 A majority of each House shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session 7 When there is a meeting of both branches of the General Assembly in one chamber said Secretary and Clerk shall be present and join in the discharge of the duties required and shall enter the proceedings on the Journals of each House Ga Code Ann sec 47205 8 The Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives shall within ten 10 days after the adjournment of each session file in proper order all the papers and documents of their respective Houses Ga Code Ann sec 47206 9 The records papers and documents thus filed shall be delivered to the Secretary of State who upon receipt of the same shall certify that such Secretary and Clerk have respectively complied with said requisition and the State Treasurer shall not pay their respective salaries until such certificate shall be produced Ga Code Ann sec 47207 10 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order to second such nomination When the nomination is declared closed the President shall forthwith order the roll call and each member when called shall rise in his seat and respond LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 99 promptly announcing distinctly his choice for such office 11 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order 12 The election in joint session shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives The votes are to be taken for but one election at one time and a majority of the whole number of votes cast is necessary for a choice 13 In the elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote unless he rises and states in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote had been recorded by mistake 14 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence over the former 15 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the roll call has commenced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate 16 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened Debate Viva voce vote on Journal One election at a time Change of vote Dissolution Not during rollcall Renewal 100 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Amendment of rules 17 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber 18 These Rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two Houses and they or any of them shall cease to be in force when either House shall notify the other House of the withdrawal of its consent to the same LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 101 APPENDIX SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Al Apportionment The apportionment of the Senate shall be changed by the General Assembly at its first session after each census taken by the United States Government Ga Const art Ill sec Ill par II A2 Appointments to Keep Order and for Other Special Purposes Ga Code Ann sec 47112 When it shall be necessary to carry into effect Section VII of Article III of the Constitution 21901 punishment for misconduct 21902 punishment for contempt or for any like purpose either the President of the Senate or the Speaker of the House of Representatives may appoint any person to execute the orders of the House over which he presides and the warrant of the presiding officer which appointee may receive for the service such compensation as the General Assembly may appropriate Parenthetical material above added A3 Confirmation of Appointments The Georgia Constitution provides for the confirmation by the Senate of the Governors appointment of several State boards See Ga Const art V sec I par XI State Board of Pardons and Paroles art V sec IV par I State Department of Natural Resources art V sec V par I Board of Corrections art V sec VI par I State Department of Veterans Service and Veterans Service Board art VIII sec II par I State Board of Education art VIII sec VI par I Board of Regents of the University System and art XIV sec I par I State Personnel Board The Georgia statutes provide for some additional confirmations Ga Const art V sec I par XIV A person once rejected by 102 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL the Senate shall not be reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter A4 County Consolidation Ga Const art XI sec I par IV The General Assembly shall have power with the concurrence of twothirds of the qualified voters of each of the counties to be affected who participate in elections held for that purpose to provide for the consolidation of two or more counties into one or the merger of one or more counties into another or the division of a county and the merger of portions thereof into other counties A5 County Site Change Ga Const art XI sec I par IX No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and by a majority vote of the General Assembly A6 Election of Presidential ElectorsSee Ga Code Ann sec 342503 A7 Election of State Auditor Ga Code Ann sec 401801 The Department of Audits and Accounts is hereby created and established the head of said Department shall be an experienced auditor and accountant with not less than five years experience as an accountant in the State Department of Audits and Accounts or in a governmental agency of a similar nature or shall be a duly certified public accountant with at least five years practical experience in the duties for which he is certified and who when named or elected as hereinafter prescribed and qualified shall be known and designated as State Auditor The State Auditor shall be elected by the General Assembly in the following manner A joint resolution which shall fix a definite time for the nomination and election of the State Auditor may be introduced in either branch of the General As LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 103 sembly Upon passage of said resolution by a majority vote of the membership of the Senate and House of Representatives it shall be the duty of the Speaker of the House of Representatives to call for the nomination and election of the State Auditor at the time specified in the resolution at which time the name of the qualified person receiving a majority vote of the membership of the House of Representatives shall be transmitted to the State Senate for confirmation Upon the qualified person receiving a majority vote of the membership of the Senate he shall be declared the duly elected State Auditor and the Governor of the State of Georgia shall be notified of his election by the Secretary of the Senate The Governor is directed to administer the oath of office to the State Auditor and to furnish the State Auditor with a properly executed commission of office certifying his election The term of office of the State Auditor shall continue until a successor is elected as provided herein In the event of a vacancy in the position of State Auditor at a time when the General Assembly is not in session it shall be the duty of the Governor of the State of Georgia and he is hereby empowered and directed to appoint a State Auditor possessing the qualifications as provided herein who shall serve as such State Auditor until the next regular session of the General Assembly at which time the nomination and election of a State Auditor shall be held by the General Assembly as provided herein A8 Extraordinary Sessions Ga Const art IV sec I par XII The Governor shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate and the House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly from time to time information of the State of the Commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient The Governor shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be enacted at called sessions of the General Assembly except such as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them Providing that such called sessions of the General Assembly shall not exceed seventy 70 days in length unless at the expiration of 104 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL said period there shall be pending an impeachment trial of some officer of the State Government in which event the General Assembly will be authorized to remain in session until such trial shall have been completed Provided however that when threefifths of the members elected to the House of Representatives and threefifths of the members elected to the Senate shall have certified to the Governor of the State of Georgia that in their opinion an emergency exists in the affairs of the State of Georgia it shall thereupon he the duty of said Governor and mandatory upon him within five 5 days from the receipt of such certificate or certificates to convene said General Assembly in extraordinary session for all purposes and in the event said Governor shall within said time Sundays excluded fail or refuse to convene said General Assembly as aforesaid then and in that event said General Assembly may convene itself in extraordinary session as if convened in regular session for all purposes provided that such extraordinary self convened session shall be limited to a period of thirty 30 days unless at the expiration of said period there shall be pending an impeachment trial of some officer of the State Government in which event the General Assembly shall be authorized to remain in session until such trial shall have been completed The members of the General Assembly shall receive the same per diem and mileage during such extraordinary session as is now or may be hereinafter provided Ga Code Ann sec 47116 If any officer or officers of either branch of the Assembly shall fail or refuse to perform any of his duties in completing the organization of such emergency session his office may upon the majority vote of the membership of either branch be declared vacant as often as may be necessary and his successor elected as provided by the rules of the General Assembly See also Ga Code Ann secs 47113 47114 47115 and 47117 A9 ImpeachmentSee Ga Code Ann art Ill sec V pars Ill IV and V art Ill sec VI par III LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 105 A10 Investigation of State Offices Ga Code Ann sec 401620 In addition to the power conferred upon the Attorney General in this law 401612 to 401620 the Governor or the General Assembly is authorized likewise to make investigations including investigation of the State Department of Law or the offices of the Attorney General or any agency under his control and all authority and rights granted to the Governor and the General Assembly shall be as complete and absolute as those granted hereunder to the Attorney General In any civil or criminal action against the Attorney General the Governor shall designate a solicitor general who shall be empowered in such case to act for the State All Public Service Commission Agreements Confirmation of See Ga Code Ann secs 681003 through 681007 A12 State Officers Suspension and Discharge of Ga Const art V sec I par XVII The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of any Constitutional officer or department head from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same Ga Code Ann sec 47701 The General Assembly may suspend from the functions and duties of office either the State Treasurer or the Comptroller General by joint resolution duly adopted after being read one time in each House on different days and by a twothirds vote of members voting on the same whenever the interests of the State or the proper administration of the law demand such suspension A13 Street Passenger Railways Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XXV The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporate town or city without the consent of the Corporate Authorities 106 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL A14 Supreme Court Rules Approval ofSee Ga Code Ann secs 811502 and 811503 A15 Treason PardonSee Ga Const art V sec I par XI and Ga Code Ann sec 272701 A16 Special and Local Legislation Ga Const art I sec IV par I Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent A17 Legislators as State Officers Ga Const art I sec I par XXIII The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided Ga Const art Ill sec IV par VI No person holding a military commission or other appointment or office having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under this State or the United States or either of them except Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either House nor shall any Senator or Representative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected unless he shall first resign his seat provided however that during the term for which he was elected no Senator or Representative shall be LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 107 appointed to any civil office which has been created during such term Ga Code Ann sec 265009 To the end that the mandate of the Constitution contained in Article I Section L Paragraph XXIII 2123 to the effect that thelegislative judiciary and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others be more adequately enforced it shall be unlawful for a members of the General Assembly to accept or hold office or employment in the executive branch of the government of the State of Georgia or any agency thereof or in the judicial branch of government b judges of courts of record or their clerks and assistants to accept or hold office or employment in the executive branch of the government of the State of Georgia or any agency thereof or in the legislative branch of government c officers or employees of the executive branch of government to accept or hold office or employment in the legislative or judicial branches of government Any person who knowingly disburses or receives any compensation or money in violation of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor Provided however that nothing within this section shall be construed to apply to any officer or employee of the executive branch who has taken a leave of absence without pay from his post for temporary service as an employee of the legislative branch while it is in session and during the authorized stay over period Ga Code Ann sec 581075 No member of the General Assembly shall be eligible for employment under any office or job created by this Chapter Liquor Act during the term of office for which he is elected and this provision shall apply to legislators elected in the future as well as those now elected Parenthetical phrase added Ga Code Ann sec 928404 No member of the General Assembly shall be eligible to be appointed to the position of Revenue Commissioner nor to any other position in the Department of Revenue until the term of office as such member of the General Assembly has expired and no person other than a bona fide resident of the State for more than ten 10 years 108 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL shall ever be eligible to appointment as State Revenue Commissioner nor shall any person be appointed to the office of Commissioner of Revenue who has held any elective office during a period of twelve 12 months prior to his appointment Provided however the phrase any elective office as herein used shall not include members of the General Assembly Ga Const art V sec I par VII In case of the death resignation or disability of both the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the executive power until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor at a special election which shall be held within sixty 60 days from the date on which the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall assume the executive power A18 Membership of Legislators on State Boards and Commissions Legislator Members Legislator member of Commission on Interstate Cooperation designated by this Commission Senator and Representative designated by the Georgia Commission on Interstate Cooperation President Speaker Secretary Clerk Chairmen of Senate and House Appropriations Committees Chairmen of Senate and House Judiciary Committees Chairman of Senate Committee on Banking and Finance and Chairman of House Ways and Means Committee President Speaker and members of Senate and House Committees on Interstate Cooperation Members of Senate and House Committees on Interstate Cooperation Board or Commission Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Advisory Committee for Southeastern Interstate Forest Fire Protection Compact Legislative Services Committee Relevant Statutory Provisions Ga Code Anno sec 45124 Ga Laws 1972 p 1051 Ga Code Anno sec 43912 Ga Laws 1972 p 1051 Ga Code Anno sec 471201 Georgia Commission on Ga Code Anno Interstate Cooperation sec 471104 Senate Council and Ga Code Anno House Council of the sec 471105 American Legislators Association LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 109 Legislator Members Board or Commission Relevant Statutory Provisions Chairmen of Agriculture Committees of Senate and House or some person designated by them Advisory Board to the Georgia Seed Development Commission Ga Code Anno sec 52704 Ga Laws 1972 p 1042 Chairman of House Ways and Means Committee and Chairman of Senate Banking and Finance Committee State Board of Equalization Ga Code Anno sec 9284111 Ga Laws 1972 pp 1062 1120 1123 Two Senators and three Representatives involved in tobacco production appointed by President and Speaker respectively Senator and Representative appointed by their respective houses Tobacco Advisory Board State Election Board Ga Code Anno sec 111208 Ga Laws 1960 p 218 Ga Laws 1972 p 1026 Ga Code Anno sec 34201 34205 3 Senators and 3 Representatives appointed by President and Speaker respectively Georgia Commission For The National Bicentennial Celebration Ga Code Anno sec 408 Ga Laws 1969 p 1074 Ga Laws 1972 p 1062 Ga Laws 1973 p 311 President Speaker Chairman of House State Institutions and Property Committee Chairman of Senate Public Utilities and Transportation Committee and a Senator and Representative chosen by those bodies State Properties Commission Ga Code Anno sec 91101a 91116a Ga Laws 1972 p 1038 Ga Laws 1973 p 857 Senator and Representative appointed by Governor Traffic Safety Advisory Committee Executive Order of August 1967 President Speaker 2 Senators and 2 Representatives appointed by President and Speaker respectively Richard B Russell Monument Commission Ga Laws 1971 pp 782 808 Chairmen of House and Senate Judiciary Committees Senator and Representative each members of Legislative Services Committee and appointed by President and Speaker respec Code Revision Council Ga Code Anno sec 471209 tively 110 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Legislator Board or Members Commission Speaker and Clerk of House Constitutional Officers President Pro Tempore and Election Board Secretary of Senate House and Senate Committee Chairmen President Speaker 2 Repre Educational Improvesentatives appointed by Speaker ment Council 2 Senators appointed by President Chairman of Senate Elementary and Secondary Education Committee Chairman of Senate University System of Georgia Committee Chairman of House Education Committee and Chairman of House University System of Georgia Committee One Member of Legislature ap Southern Regional Edupointed by the Governor cation Board Chairman of House State MARTA Overview Planning and Community Af Committee fairs Committee Chairman of Senate County and Urban Affairs Committee Chairman of House Ways and Means Committee Chairman of Senate Banking and Finance Committee two Representatives at least one of whom is from the area served by the Authority and two Senators at least one of whom is from the area served by the Authority appointed by the Speaker and President respectively three Representatives and three Senators appointed by the Governor at least two of whom are from th area served by the Authority 3 Senators and 3 Representa Geo L Smith II Geortives appointed by the President gia World Congress and Speaker respectively for 6 Center Autrority year terms Relevant Statutory Provisions Ga Const Art V Sec 1 Par 3 4 Ga Code Anno sec 341513 Ga Code Anno sec 322901 Ga Laws 1972 p 1248 Ga Laws 1949 p 56 Ga Laws 1955 p 667 Ga Laws 1957 p 64 Ga Code Anno sec 321 note Ga Laws 1973 p 70 Ga Laws 1974 p 524 Ga Laws 1972 p 245 Ga Laws 1973 p 666 Ga Laws 1974 p 175 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 111 Legislator Board or Members Commission 4 Senators appointed by Presi Fiscal Affairs Subcomdent who are members of Senate mittee of the Senate Appropriations Committee plus 5 Senators appointed by the Governor Senator and Representative ap Southern Growth pointed by the President and Policies Board Speaker respectively or as the Legislature provides Relevant Statutory Provisions Ga Laws 1967 p 722 Ga Laws 1973 p 623 112 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL INDEX TO RULES OF Senate of Georgia References to A are to the Appendix References to J are to the Rules for the Government of the General Assembly When in Joint Session ABSENTEES Rule No Arrest subject to when 52 Attendance compelled by less than quorum 51 52 Authorized by Senate 52 Journal entry 54 Quorum required 53 ADJOURN MOTION TO Amendment if to particular time 7576 Committee of the Whole not in order in 130 Debate if to particular time 75 76 Effect fig77 Joint session not in order in J 14 Precedence of motion 67 Previous question after 165 Renewal after further business 75 Time for 73 74 ADJOURNMENT Business carried over how 80 Committee of the Whole at regular hour in130138 Effect when hour of arrives during vote by yeas and nays78 Governors power in regard to 79 Main question effect on 78 Place limit 79 Power general m 80 Previous question effect on r 165 Seats retained until President leaves63 Time of fixed by Senate jjtgL 47 Veto procedure as effected by 187 Vote total required 51 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 113 ADVERSE REPORT Rule No Debate on final passage 166 Effect of on bills and resolutions 123 AMENDMENT Amendments to cannot be further amended143159 Blanks must be filled before 147 Caption or preamble bill perfected before 152 Committee of the Whole by action on140141 Committee of the Whole by what reported to House 140 Committee amendments first considered 153 Committee offered by read without motion 156 Committee report amendment not in order after agreed to unless reconsidered 154 Committee report form 121 ConstitutionalSee CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT Engrossment prevents 118 Form of Sr H3 Form of motion 145 Germane must be 146150157 Indefinite postponement prohibited AJEs 88 Irrelevant out of order7 146 Methods of 38 143 Motion to adjourn amendable if to particular time 75 76 Motion to commit amendable 97 Motion to postpone indefinitely not amendable 89 Motion to postpone to time definite amendable 92 Motion to table or take from table not amendable 84 Perfecting bill before substitute 148 Precedence of motion to amend 67149 Previous question on 162 Printed and distributed when 8Mu115 Priority of amendments jjasiJJ151153 Priority of on passage of bilLHHm v 153 Priority of over motion to agree or disagree to House action 158 Priority of questions on House amendments to Senate bill flMBKaLjSaBa 157 114 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Reading Secretarys in amending by striking out and inserting 155 Reconsidered when 100 Sections bill read by 156 House amendments Senate amendments to not further amendable fifs 159 House amendments to Senate bill Senate action in order 157 158 159 160 House vote required to adopt 160 Presidents power to rule out 146157 Striking by perfecting part proposed to be stricken 149 Substitute and bill vote on 148 Substitute as yr x 144 Tabling not in order 83 Time for 153154 Vote required 160172 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTIONSee CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS APPEALS Debate on prohibited when of personal character 65 Time for 64 Transgression of rules from 55 APPORTIONMENT Change v a 1 APPROPRIATIONS Budget 217 General Bill contents1217 218 219 220 General Bill precedence on third reading 116 General Bill procedure vU v 217 Governors power over id 1 n ro joy 187 Highways S 220 Origination in House 214 216 Record a221 Recorded yea and nay vote required 215 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 115 Rule No Required kuiJ 213 Resolutions treated as bills 216 Supplemental bills 221 Yeas and nays required 215 ARREST Disorder for 31 Freedom from y 61 Members to secure quorum 52 53 ASSISTANTS Appointment by Secretary zlJfz 15 Approval of special clerks by enrolling committee 15 Compensation 1819195196 Doorkeepers limited I 7 Oath 1213 Officers position as 6 Removal of special clerks15 Substitution prohibited 1719 Vacancies risgihs 18 ATTENDANCE Compelling 51 52 53 Messengers duty tg 52 Presidents duty tr 52 BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Called how 116 Caption rr HI Committee of the Whole failure to resolve to consider 126 Endorsement of 111 Form HI Introducer allowed twenty minutes for debate after ordering of previous question if adverse committee report uL 166 Order procedure for taking out of 37 116 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Original and copy required 111 Passage delayed until printed and distributed 36115 Publication of laws required 108 Rejected when again considered 107 Subject matter only one and expressed in title 112 Suspend action on when 115 Title subject matter of must be expressed in 112 Withdrawal of when 104 Writing must be in 111 BLANKS Filling required before motion to amend is in order 147 BOND Secretarys 14 CALENDAR Arranged by Rules Committee during last ten days of session pi 35 Calling order fixed by 116 Change of Rules Committees Calendar35 Committee report disagreement with 123 Reconsideration effect on bills 102 Tabling taking from restores to 87 CALL OF SENATESee ROLL CALL CAPTION Considered after bill perfected 152 Endorsement on billt 108 CLAIMS Procedure 222 223 224 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 117 CODE SECTIONS Rule No Amendments or repeal of requirements 113 COMMITMENT Amended how 97 Bill or resolution with favorable committee report to prevent third reading 123 Committee of the Whole not in order in 130 Committee of the Whole to94 95126 Debate if instructions added 96120 Indefinite postponement not applicable to 88 Instructions may be added 97 Precedence of as among motions to commit to different committees 95 Precedence of as among other motions 67 Presidents duty to 120 Special committees to 94 95 98 Use 94 Vote necessary for 98 What applicable to 0 94 98 COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE SENATE Adjourn cannot 130 Adjournment arrival of regular hour of 138 Amendments by action by Senate 141 Amendments report 121140 Bills and resolutions disposal or recommendation 139 Bills and resolutions interlineation prohibited 121 Business finished procedure 139 Call of Senate not in order 130 Chairman appointed by President 127 Chairman duty of when no quorum present 128 Chairman duty when business finished139142 Chairman power to clear galleries or lobby 134 Commitment toSee COMMITMENT Commitment to precedence 95 Committee reference prohibited 130 Debate in 129130136 118 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Disorderly conduct reported 135 Formation of 127 Journal proceedings entry 142 Motion to rise report progress and ask leave to sit again 137138 Papers called for 133 Postpone indefinitely motion to not in order 130 Presidents actions 127138139 Previous question not enforceable 130 Reading of bills by sections 129 Quorum requirement 128 Reconsideration in order 131 Report of procedure and form 139140141 Reports of precedence 1 125 Resolving Senate into 126136 Rules applicable to and exceptions 130 Secretarys duties in 129 Senate may resolve itself into vote necessary 126 Senate may resolve itself into when 126 Table motion to not in order 130 Time in extended 137138 Vote required unless excused 132 Yeas and nays cannot be taken 130 COMMITTEE ON ENROLLING AND JOURNALS Clerk approval and removal of special 15 Journal entrySee JOURNAL Journal reading and report 34 COMMITTEES Adverse report by effect123166 Advice to 193194 Amendments by read without motion 156 Amendments by take precedence 153 Amendments report form 121 Appointed by Committee on Committees 30 190 Bills and resolutions not to interline or deface 121 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 119 Rule No Bills and resolutions original keepJ Call of Clerks Commitment toSee COMMITMENT Committee of the Whole reference to committees prohibited Debate byirjtrr Membership limited Members on State Boards Minority report time allowed for after ordering of previous question Names Notice of intent to disagree with report Officers Organization Previous question committee time for debate Records Reference to Reference to happenings in prohibited Report disagreement with Reports favorable effect Reports favorable effect of disagreement with Reports form Reports minority form Reports of amendment limit on Reports of precedence Tenure of members Vacancies 111 192 15 130 166 190 A 18 166 190 123 190191192 191 166 192 120126 rq 123124 123 124 122 122 154 125 190191 190191 CONFERENCE COMMITTEE Appointment Approval of report Consideration Discharge Instruction Membership Reports Voting excused from 161 161 161 161 161 161 161 179 120 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No CONFIRMATION OF GOVERNORS APPOINTMENTS Boards State affected A 3 In open session 229 Rejected no reappointment A 3 Time for 228 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT Amendment of 210 Approval of people210 211 Convention 211 Journal entry 210 Local 210 Method 210 Publication 210 Repeal of 210 Signature of Governor not required 189 Veto prohibited 188 212 Vote required 210 CONTEMPT Disorder for 31 48 Vote refusal for 175 CONTRACT APPROVAL Public Service Commission Agreements A 11 CONVENING Time 4680 CONVENTION OF PEOPLE Calling for Constitutional amendment 211 CONVERSATION Debate prohibited during 62 Reference to during debate prohibited 59 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 121 COUNTY Rule No Consolidation A 4 Site change A 5 DEBATE Addressing Senate 58 Appeals debate limitations m i 65 Censure for words 57 Committee of the Whole how bills debated 129 Committee of the Whole regulated 130136138 Conduct of members in 55 Conversations reference to out of orderjjJ 59 Cut off prohibited when 26 71 72 Exception to words jj Vi 57 Freedom of I UHT 61 Individual speeches limited 55 Irrelevant President shall suspend 26 Members names reference to out of order 60 Motion for yeas and nays decided without debate 176 Motion for previous question not debatable 165 Motion to adjourn not debatable 75 Motion to adjourn to particular day or time debatable 76 Motion to change order of business not debatable 38 Motion to commit when debatable fed 96 120 Motion to engross debate limited 117 Motion to excuse member from voting debate limited 179 Motion to indefinitely postpone debatable 89 Motion to postpone to time definite what debatable 93 Motion to read papers not debatable 50 Motion to refer to committee debate if instructions added 96 Motion to resolve into Committee of the Whole debate limited vj 126 Motion to table or take from table not debatable 84 Motions allowed during 67 Movement during prohibited 63 Previous question cannot cut off without relinquishing floor JJ 72 Previous question debate regulated 166168 Priority of business not debatable 24 122 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Readings first two no debate 119 Silence during 26 58 62 Subject matter limits 55 Tabling cannot cut off without relinquishing floor 72 Through President 58 Time limits on individual 55 Yeas and nays no debate during 183 DECORUM Decorum Committee powers 22 Silence during debate 26 58 62 DISTRIBUTION OF BILLSSee PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION OF BILLS DIVISION Adjournment limited by 74 78 Call for 163164176 Excuse from voting motion to restricts 179 Presidents duty in case of 174 Reconsideration of main question limits 165 Results of President shall announce 174 What divisible 164 DOORKEEPER Assistants limited 7 Clears lobbies and galleries when 1 31 Duties general sb j I n 16 Election 16 Floor limitations enforcement of 22 Message announcement 43 Pay 16 Substitution prohibited 17 Suspension by President 32 ELECTIONAlso See JOINT SESSION Auditor of A 7 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 123 Rule No Contest iw 211 Governor of action onMB203 204 Journal entry JSSL 201 Nomination limits T 200 Officers of State 199 Procedure 199 201 Second not needed in nominations J 10 Vote necessary 201 202 ELECTRONIC ROLL CALL Adjournment 74 Method 8 Presidents duties 177 Quorum to determine 175 Roll Call daily 40 Secretarys duties 177 Use 178 Verification 178 EMPLOYEESSee ASSISTANTS ENGROSSMENT Debate on 117 Effect of 4 rrrv 117 Local bills reading requiring 1 118 Time for JH 117 Unanimous consent for prohibited 117 Vote required 117 ENROLLING AND ENGROSSINGSee COMMITTEE ON ENROLLING AND JOURNALS EXCEPTION TO WORDS SPOKEN Previous question delayed by 11 1 57 Procedure 57 124 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Time for EXPENSES Members procedure for payment 196 EXPULSION OF MEMBERS Vote required When 5556 EXTRAORDINARY SESSION Calling jjs804 g Compensation during Consideration limits an a a Impeachment continued by A e Time limits 8 FILING OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Required Time for FINES Members when transgress rules 55 FLOORSee PRIVILEGE OF FLOOR FLOOR LEADER Seat need not stay at 55 GALLERIES Clearance by President 1 Committee of the Whole Chairman may clear lo4 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 125 Rule No GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS BILLSee APPROPRIATIONS GOVERNOR Adjournment power in regard to 79 Appointments confirmation A3 228 229 Appropriations selective approval offail 187 Budget bill presentation of i 217 Constitutional amendment action on 210 Election 203 204 Extraordinary session calling 80 Inauguration 205 206 207 208 Messages under any order of business 42 Overriding veto 187188189 Signature when required TiST187189 Veto power 187188189 212 IMPEACHMENT Procedure A 8 Session continued 80 INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Original and copy required HI Time for 110 Unanimous consent time limits 103 INVESTIGATION State Officers of JOINT SESSION Adjournment J 14 Debate J H Elections for3 J 1 Governors election for205 206 Journal J 7 J 12 126 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Nominations in J 10 Papers J 8 J 9 Place House J 1 J 2 Presider J 2 J 4 J 5 Procedure general 1J 3 J 4 Quorum J 6 Rules change J 8 Secretarys duties J 7 J 8 Time of J 1 J 2 Vote J10 J 12 J 13 JOURNAL Absentees shown on 54 Amendments to Constitution entry with yeas and nays 1 210 Appropriation yeas and nays shown 215 Committee duty to read and report 34 Committee of the Whole proceedings not shown 142 Election vote entry 201 Governors inauguration entry 208 209 Joint session proceedingsJ 7 J 13 Oaths of officers and assistants entry 1215 Petition name and object of petitioner memorialist or remonstrant noted on 49 Preservation 109 Protests entry 66 Publication required L4i108109 Reading by committee 34 Reading of how dispensed with 41 Required 108 Vote entry of 171184185186 201 210 Vote names of those not voting shown on 186 Yeas and nays entry 176184185186 210 215 LOBBIES Clearance by President CL 31 Committee of the Whole Chairmans power to clear 134 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 127 LOBBYISTS Rule No Floor prohibited from 22 LOCAL BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Limitations upon 114 A 16 Local governing authority restriction 114 Notice of affidavit must be attached 114 Notice required 114 Office affected requires referendum Ip H4 Reading first two by title unless engrossment 118 Unanimous consent putting on passage103 MAIN QUESTION Adjournment effect on 74 78165 Division after order for 176 Effect offc 169 Form of 1 isi 165 Previous question effecti165166 Reconsideration of 165170 Tabling limitsyq rr 81 Vote required to order 165 MEETING OF SENATE Time of meeting for daily sessions 47 MEMORIALSSee PETITIONS MESSAGES How sent announced received and considered 43 MESSENGER Arrest of members to secure quorum52 53 Clear lobbies and galleries whenLi 31 Direction by President 20 52 Duties general 16 20 Election IMm 16 128 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Order enforcement of Pay SergeantatArms ex officio Suspension by President Rule No 20 16 52 32 MINORITY REPORTS FROM COMMITTEE Debate allowed after order for previous question 166 How made 122 MOTIONS Committee of the Whole in 130131137138 Debate when cannot use motion to cut off 71 72 Disagreement with House motions in order 157 Making must resume seat while put 70 Number limited to one at a time 70 Possession of Senate 68 Precedence of 67 88 Presidents actions on 174 Previous question on 162 Second unnecessary 69 Stating by President 174 Tabling effected by 45 Tabling if not privileged and new matter 45 Withdrawal T 68 88 NEW MATTERS Motions not privileged and containing new matter to lay on table 45 Unanimous consents for time for 103 NOMINATIONS Remarks disparaging prohibited 200 Second not needed J 16 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 129 OATHS Rule No Administered by judges to members 10 Assistants yB 12 13 Members 9 10 Officers 12 13 Secretarys yiw 12 13 OFFICERS Oath 1213 Pay 195 Suspension of by President y 32 Who named r 6 ORDER OF BUSINESS Appropriation Bill General 116 Changed how 35 37 38 39103 Change motion not debatable 38 Change motion vote necessary 35 Fixing by Rules Committee during last ten days 35 Messages 42 Motions not privileged 45 Presidents power over 24 Priority of 33 35 99103126165 Privilege questions of 44 Reconsideration 99 Rules Committee report 42 Unanimous consent 103 ORGANIZATION Assistant Secretary byT 2 Bodies 1 Chairman appointment and powers 1 7 2 Elections during r 4 511 First meeting time and place 46 Oaths 9101213 Officers 2 3 4 611 Procedure L 2 Rules I 2 130 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Seating il 8 Secretary by 2 PAGES Age Tr Appointment by members Appointment by President PAIRING FOR VOTING Prohibited T 181 PAPERS Committee care 9jj Committee of the Whole may call for Distribution r Reading not subject to indefinite postponement Reading of 111 PARLIAMENTARY LAW Applicable when 5 v 226 PETITIONS Presentation and form 49 POSTPONEMENT Amendment motion to indefinitely postpone not amendable Amendment motion to postpone to day certain amendable Committee of the Whole motion to indefinitely postpone not in order Debate on Effect indefinite postponement 89 92 130 89 93 92 121 133 20 88 50 21 21 21 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 131 Rule No Effect of motion to indefinitely postpone 91 Effect of motion to postpone to time definite 92 Effect of negative action 90 Precedence of motion 1 67 88 Renewal limits w 9q 93 Vote necessary on motion to indefinitely postpone 91 What subject to gg 92 PREAMBLE Committee of the Whole last considered 129 Considered after bill perfected 152 PRESIDENT Absence of President Pro Tern to preside 29 Accounts certifying 196 Acts signs 107 Adjournment members to remain until President retires 63 Amendments power to rule out if not germane ll46157 Appeals from decision of 64 65 Appointment special r1 A 2 Arrest power to 31 52 Attendance power to compel to secure a quorum 52 Bond approval of Secretarys 14 Budget bill introduction of 217 Business priority of decides without debate llll 24 Call the Senate duty to11 53 Clearing galleries and lobbies 111111 31 Commitment of bills and resolutions 120 Committee of the Whole Chairman appoints 127 Committee of the Whole duty regarding bills 126 Committee of the Whole duty when business finished in 139 Committee of the Whole may take part in 132 Committee of the Whole resumes chair when 138139 Committee of the Whole right to take part in 132 Committee of the Whole to leave chair during 135 132 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Committee on Committees member of 30 Conference Committee appoints 161 Debate irrelevant power to suspend 26 Division call for 174 Doorkeeper may suspend 32 Governors election action on 203 204 Joint session presider J2 J 4 Joint session seat J Lieutenant Governor as 3 Messages duty as to 43 Messenger direction and suspension 20 32 Motion stating by 68174 Oath to officers and assistants 1213 Officer as 6 Preside may name members to 28 Presider iL29 Question stating 174 Quorum to secure 5253167175 Recognition of member 25555870103 Roll call duties during uaouiaxJpe 74177 Roll call orders by when 27 53175 Rules transgression penalizing a 54 Signature when required 106107 Silence commanding HwBl 26 58 State boards membership on A 18 Unanimous consent shall entertain but one at time 103 Unanimous consent when to recognize member for purpose of asking 103 PRESIDENT PRO TEM Election 4 5 29 Joint session succession as presider tfeg J 4 Officer as rrr6 Powers 4m o Presides in absence of President4 5 29 State Boards membership on A 18 Vote when presiding LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 133 PRESIDER Rule n0 Joint session in J2 J4 President 4 President absent who shall when President may appoint member to Z 28 President Pro Tern absent who shall when 29 Secretary shall when Mij i 29 Vote ZZZZIIZZZZZ 23 PRESS Floor entitled to 22 PREVIOUS QUESTION Adjournment effect on 74 78165 Call of Senate limits 167 Committee of the Whole not in order in 130 Debate cannot cut off without relinquishing floor 72 Debate allowed after ordering of166168 Debate motion not debatable 165 Exception to debate delays 57 Form of 165 Main question effect on Z 165166 Minority committee report time allowed for after ordering of 166 Precedence of motion 67 165 Reconsideration of 154 170 Tabling after gj Vote required 5EZZIl65166 What applicable to 162 PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION OF BILLS Motion to print precedence of 67 Required when 115 Suspension of bills and resolutions until 115 PRIVILEGE Motion not privileged with new matters to lay on table 45 134 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Precedence of questions of 44 Questions of what constitutes 44 PRIVILEGES OF FLOOR Who entitled to 22 PROTESTS Procedure and form 66 PUNISHMENT Members of 56 QUALIFICATION OF MEMBERS Judgment of Senate 56180 QUORUM Committee of the Whole requirement of 128 Compelling 52 53 Number 51 Presidents power in regard to 52175 Roll call for 53167175 Voting when not 175 READING OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Committee of the Whole in 129 Committee report after 123 Debate none on first or second reading 119 Number and name of introducer stated on second and third reading 116 Second automatic when 119 Secretarys 116 Sections by 156 Times three 118 Title by 118 Unanimous consent time limit 103 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 135 READING OF PAPERSSee PAPERS Rule No RECOGNITION President decides RECONSIDERATION Amendments when in order Committee of the Whole motion in order Effect of on bills Effect of on immediate transmittal Main question effect on Main question time for reconsideration of Notice not to be withdrawn Notice when required Previous question effect on Renewal once Time for motion REMONSTRANCESSee PETITIONS REPEALS How effectuated ROLL CALL Also see Electronic Roll Call Adjournment limits Committee of the Whole not in order in Debate none during Dispensing with Electronic Roll Call Explanation of votes on President may order when Previous question limits Procedure Quorum to determine iF Reconsideration of main questionlimits Required by Senate Secretarys duty as to Verification Vote refusal after contempt 25 100 131 102124 99 170 165 99 99 170 101 99 112 74 130 183 40 40177178 jg2 27167175177 167 54177 175 165 53 53 54175177 178 175 136 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL RULES Rule No Changed how 39 227 J 18 Debate motion to suspend decide without debateg jr3 Question not covered by procedure 226 Suspended how 38 39 227 J 18 Suspension not subject to indefinite postponement 88 RULES COMMITTEE Calendar fixed by during last ten days Membership Proposed change addition or suspension of rules must be referred to Report failure to effect Report of in order when Reports required Special orders submission to and report on 35 190 227 227 42 227 37 SEATS Assigned by Committee on Committees 8 Contested procedure when 180 Recognition from 55 SECRETARY Absentees list keeps for Journal 53 54 Amendments printing 115 Amendments reading 155156 Amendments Report to House on Presidents action declaring House amendment not germane 157 Assistants 15171819 Auditors election notifies Governor of A 7 Bills and resolutions engrossment 117 Bills and resolutions filing with when 110 Bills and resolutions keeps copy HI Bills and resolutions numbersS 116 Bills and resolutions printing and distribution 115 Bills and resolutions reading by sections 156 Bills and resolutions reading number and introducer 116 Bills and resolutions transmittal 99 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 137 Rule No Bond 14 Claims certification of 222 Committee of the Whole bills and resolutions reading in 129 Committee of the Whole duties in129133 Division counts 174 Election jjpjl n Joint session duties in J 7 J 8 J 9 Journal entry Z 54 66186 Journal reading 34 Motion reading 68 Oath of prescribed 12 13 Officer is n Presides in absence of President and President Pro Tern 29 Protests entry on Journal 66 Roll call 53175177 Signature when required 106 State Boards membership on A 18 Term of office n Vote explanation of filing with 182 Words excepted to written and read by 57 Yeas and nays call 74 ig8 Yeas and nays reading names 178 SERGEANTATARMSSee MESSENGER SESSIONS Business carried over how 80 ExtraordinarySee EXTRAORDINARY SESSIONS Prolongation of signature of Governor not required 189 Term 80 SILENCE Debate during 62 President duty of to command whenmr jgj 26 58 SPECIAL LAWSSee LOCAL LAWS 138 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL STATE BOARDS Rule No Membership of Legislators on A 18 STATE OFFICERS Discharge of Investigation of Legislators as restrictions Suspension of STREET RAILWAYS CONSTRUCTION Approval by city governing authorities A 13 SUBCOMMITTEES How appointed 0 SUBSTITUTEAlso See AMENDMENT Amendment as Bill perfected before substitute Voted on before bill SUCCESSION Joint session Presidents absence SUPREME COURT RULES Approval of A TABLING Amendment motion not subject to 84 Amendment not applicable to 83 Committee of the Whole motion not in order 130 Debate cannot cut off without relinquishing floor 72 Debate motion not debatable 84 Effect when motion to table prevails 86 Effect when motion to take from table prevails 86 87 J 4 29 144 148 148 A 12 A 10 A 17 A 12 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 139 Rule No Main question limits 81 Motion to take from when in order 45 New matter motion not privileged 45 Precedence of 67 81165 Previous question limits motion to table 81 165 Renewal of motions to table and take from when 85 Roll call limits 81 Time for taking from table 87 Vote required to take from table 87 What can be tabled 82 83 TITLE Bills and resolutions subject matter must be expressed in 112 TRANSMISSION TO HOUSE Day of passage vote required 99 Last three days immediate onartapm v 99 TREASON Pardon of a 15 UNANIMOUS CONSENTS Commitment to Committee of the Whole 126 General provision for11 172 Introduction for 103 Journal reading dispensing with 41 Limitation and regulation of use of 103 Motion withdrawal required for 68 Passage for103 Reading for r 103 Roll call dispensing with 40 Vote change time prohibited 173 Vote explanation not by yeas and nays 182 140 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL VETO Governors power of187 188 189 212 Overridden how187 188 189 VOTE Adjournment limits 7478 Amendment required for 172 Bill required forMi 171 Changing of 178 J 18 Committee of the Whole not taken by yeas and nays in JjBBL 130 Committee of the Whole vote required 132 Debate no during calling or reading of yeas and nays 183 DivisionSee DIVISION ElectionSee ELECTION Excuse from 175179180181 Explanation 182 Interest none where have 180 General requirement 172 Journal entry required 171184185186 Method of 174176 Pairing of members not allowed 181 President may order yeas and nays when 27 Presidents 23132 QuorumSee QUORUM Reconsideration of main question limits 165 Refusal may be contempt 175 Required when 132179 Resolution required for 172 Roll callSee ROLL CALL Tabling limits 81 Tie 33 Unanimous consentsSee UNANIMOUS CONSENTS Time for 173 Yeas and naysSee YEAS AND NAYS WITHDRAWAL Bill when and how 104 Motion when and how 150 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 141 WRITS Signature Presidents and Secretarys 106 YEAS AND NAYS Adjournment limits 74 78 Change restricted 178 Debate on motion prohibited pi 176 Debate prohibited during 183 Explanation of vote 182 Expulsion for LilL 55 Journal entry 176184185186 Method of calling k 178 Reconsideration of main question limits 165 Tabling limits Ilf81 Vote required for call of 176 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 143 OFFICERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TERM 1976 JANUARY 1976 THOMAS B MURPHY t 0 Speaker A L BURRUSS District 18 Speaker Pro Tern District 21 Post 2 GLENN W ELLARD Clerk Habersham County ELMORE C THRASH Messenger MARION TOMS i Lowndes County Doorkeeper Quitman County EDWARD C MOSES SergeantatArms Montgomery County 144 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL STAFF OF SPEAKERS OFFICE Robert G Dwelle Jenkins County iLChief Aide Mrs Shirley Spence Fulton County Executive Secretary Mrs Lounell Jones Rockdale County Secretary Mrs Judy Swanner DeKalb CountyReceptionist Mrs Nancy Wiley DeKalb County Supervisor of Stenographic STAFF OF SPEAKER PRO TEM Mrs Rachel Fowler 18Fulton CountySecretary PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICE Milo Dakin Fulton County Public Information Officer STAFF OF CLERKS OFFICE Jack Green Rabun County Assistant Clerk Amelia Smith ITFulton County Assistant Clerk OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL Frank Edwards DeKalb County Legislative Counsel LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 145 MAJORITY PARTY LEADERS AND STAFF Clarence Vaughn District 57 Majority Leader Jack Connell District 87 Majority Whip Bill Lee District 72 Past 1 Majority Caucus Chairman Ward Edwards District 110 Majority Caucus Secretary Charlotte Lunsford Secretary MINORITY PARTY LEADERS AND STAFF Michael J Egan 14Minority Leader District 25 George K Larsen District 27 Minority Whip Joe Burton District 47 ii Minority Caucus Chairman Bill Sams District 90 Minority Caucus Secretary Lea Agnew H Secretary LEGISLATIVE BUDGET ANALYST OFFICE J M Pete HackneyFulton CountyBudget Analyst GENERAL ASSEMBLY FISCAL OFFICE Cary A Bond0DeKalb CountyFiscal Officer 146 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL MEMBERS OF THE GEORGIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED ACCORDING TO NAMES WITH DISTRICTS AND POST OFFICES Name District Adams G D36 Adams John 14 Adams Marvin LA79 Bailey Frank I Jr uM 72Post 2 Banks Patrick H Pat 104 Bargeron Emory E w83 Battle Joseph A Joe g124 Baugh Wilbur E 108 Beck James M 148 Beckham Bob 89 Berry C Ed 94 Blackshear Rev Jesse 123 Bolster Paul 30 Bowman James A Jimmy 103 Post Office 532 St Johns Ave S W Atlanta 30315 7 E Creekview Dr Rome 30161 709 Greenwood Atlanta 30303 6524 Hayes Dr Riverdale 30274 909 Newport Rd Macon 31204 P O Box 447 Louisville 30434 2308 Ranchland Dr Savannah 31404 P O Box 926 Milledgeville 31061 2427 Westwood Dr Valdosta 31601 P O Box 1533 Augusta 30903 2516 Harding Dr Columbus 31906 Box 8192 Savannah 31401 1043 Ormewood Ave S E Atlanta 30316 Box 169 Jeffersonville 31044 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 147 Name District Post Office Bray Claude A JrL70 Brown Ben M34 Buck Thomas B Ill 95 Burruss A L Al 21Post2 Burton Joe LL 47 Calhoun Anne C Mrs Wm C L88M Canty Mrs Henrietta M L38 Carlisle John R 71Post 1 Carnes Charlie43Post 1 Carr Tom C ML105L Carrell Bobby75 Carter Jack W 146Post 2 Castleberry Don 111 Chance George A Jr 129 Childers E M Buddy 15i Childs Peggy Mrs Mobley 51 Clark Betty J 55 L Clark Louie 13Post 1 Clifton A D ML107 P 0 Box 549 Manchester 31816 250 Mathewson PL S W Atlanta 30314 P O Box 196 Columbus 31902 P O Box 6338A Marietta 30062 2598 Woodwardia Rd N E Atlanta 30345 2337 Kings Way Augusta 30904 487 Lynn Valley Rd SW Atlanta 30311 P O Box 551 Griffin 30223 1100 Spring St NW Suite 315 Atlanta 30309 301 Miamola Ave Sandersville 31082 P O Box 690 Monroe 30655 1103 South Gordon Ave Adel 31620 P O Box 377 Richland 31825 P O Box 373 Springfield 31329 15 Kirkwood St Rome 30161 520 Westchester Dr Decatur 30030 2139 Flat Shoals Rd S E Apt 3 Atlanta 30316 RFD 2 Danielsville 30633 Rt 2 Box 157 Metter 30439 148 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Name District Cole Jack H 6Post 1 Coleman Terry L 118 Collins Marcus E 144 Colwell Carlton H il4Post 1 Connell Jack T87 Cooper Bill r19Post 8 Cox Walter E 141 Crawford John Ggl5 Culpepper Bryant 98 Daugherty J C 33 Davis Walt fv56Post 1 Dean Douglas C29 Dent R A 85 Dixon Harry D 151 Dover Bill 11 Edwards C W Chuck 20Post 1 Edwards Ward 110i Egan Michael J 25j Elliott Ewell Jr Hank 49 Post Office P O Box 626 Dalton 30720 1201 Fourth Ave Eastman 31023 Route 1 Pelham 31779 Box 6 Blairsville 30512 706 Montrose Ct Augusta 30904 3286 Powder Springs Rd Marietta 30060 1109 Pine St Bainbridge 31713 Route ILyerly 30730 Macon Road Ft Valley 31030 202 Daugherty Building 15 Chestnut St S W Atlanta 30314 3782 Snapfinger Road Lithonia 30058 356 Arthur St S W Atlanta 30310 1120 Pine St Augusta 30901 1303 Coral Rd Waycross 31501 Timbrook Hollywood 30524 2799 Delk Road Marietta 30062 P O Box 146 Butler 31006 97 Brighton Rd N E Atlanta 30309 3743 Doroco Dr Doraville 30340 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 149 Name District Post Office Evans Billy L 99 1844 Fintwood Dr Macon 31201 Evans Warren D 84 P 0 Box 670 Thomson 30824 Felton Mrs Dorothy 22 465 Tanocrest Dr N W Atlanta 30328 Floyd Leon 56 Post 2 P O Box 32249 Decatur 30032 Foster Paul W 152Post 1 P O Box 679 Blackshear 31516 Foster R L 6Post 2 4899 Tibbs Bridge Rd Dalton 30720 Fraser Donald H 139 P O Box 472 Hinesville 31313 Gammage Lynn Gignilliat Arthur 17 106 N College St Cedartown 30125 M 122 P O Box 968 Savannah 31402 Glanton Tom Glover Mildred 66Post 2 539 N White St Carrollton 30117 Mrs 32 672 Beckwith St S W Apt 7 Atlanta 30319 Greer John W 43Post 3 802 Healey Building Atlanta 30303 Ham Benson 80 20 E Main St Hamilton Mrs Forsyth 31029 Grace T Hanner Robert P 31 582 University PL N W Atlanta 30314 Bob 130 Route 1 Parrott 31777 Harden Eston A 154 114 Cater St Harris B B Sr St Simons Island 31522 60 Highway 120 Duluth 30136 Harris James Gordon Sonny 138Post 2 PI O Box 769 Jesup 31545 150 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Name District Post Office Harris Joe Frank 8Post 1 Harrison Carl 20Post 2 Hatcher Charles F 131221 Hawkins John 50 Hays Forest Jr 1Post 2 Hill Bobby L127L Hill Guy flue41 Holmes Bob 39 Horton Gerald Talmadge 43Post 2 Howard G Robert Bob 19Post 2 Howell Mobley 140 Hudson Ted 137 Hutchinson R S Dick L133t Irvin Jack10 Irvin Robert A r23 Jackson Jerry D 9Post 3 Jessup Ben 117 Johnson Roger 8Post 3 Johnson Rudolph 72Post 4 1 Valley Drive Cartersville 30120 P O Box 1374 Marietta 30061 P O Box 750 Albany 31702 1211 Kingsley Cir N E Atlanta 30324 Rt 3 St Elmo Chattanooga Tenn 37409 208 East 34th St Savannah 31401 1074 Boatrock Rd S W Atlanta 30331 2421 Poole Rd S W Atlanta 30311 1230 Healey Building Atlanta 30303 49 Green St Marietta 30060 P O Box 348 Blakley 31723 301 Glynn Ave Fitzgerald 31750 915 Sixth Ave Albany 31705 Route 1 Baldwin 30511 Eg o Box 325 Roswell 30075 Rt 2 Box 347 Flowery Branch 30542 P O Box 468 Cochran 31014 P O Box 1034 Canton 30114 5904 Jonesboro Rd Morrow 30260 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 151 Name District Post Office Jones Herbert Jr 12fi Jordan Hugh 58 Karrh Randolph C 106 1 Keyton James W 143 Kilgore Thomas M Mac 65 King Jack A 96 Knight Nathan G 67U Kreeger George H 21Post 1 Lambert E Roy 112 Lane Dick 40 Lane W Jones 81 Larsen George K27 Larsen W W Jr119 Lee William J Bill 72Post 1 Leggett Lowell Gene 153 Leonard Gerald H 3 Linder John 44 Logan Hugh 62 Long Willis K Bobby 142 413 Arlington Rd Savannah 31406 1284 Park Blvd Stone Mountain 30083 P O Drawer K Swainsboro 30401 P O Box 90 Thomasville 31792 1992 Tara Cir Douglasville 30134 3110 Hooper Ave Columbus 31907 P O Box 1175 Newnan 30263 3500 Lee St Smyrna 30080 P O Box 169 Madison 30650 2704 Humphries St East Point 30344 P O Box 484 Statesboro 30458 48 Glenald Way N W Atlanta 30327 P O Box 2002 Court Square Station Dublin 31021 5325 Hillside Dr Forest Park 30050 2219 Tara Lane Brunswick 31520 P O Box 246 Chatsworth 30705 5039 Winding Branch Dr Dunwoody 30338 1328 Prince Ave Athens 30601 P O Box 202 Cairo 31728 152 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Name District Lucas David E 1022 Mann Charles C iM13Post 3 Marcus Sidney J 26 Matthews Chappelle 63 Matthews Dorsey R145 McCollum Hayward 134 McDonald Lauren Jr Bubba cL212i McKinney J E Billy 35 i Miles Bernard F 4 86 Milford Billy 4r13Post 2 Mostiler John L 71Post 2 Mullinax Edwin G Ed 69 Murphy Thomas B 18 Nessmith Paul E Sr 821 Nix Ken 20Post 3 Noble Bill 48 Owens Ray D 77 Oxford Oliver 4116J Post Office 448 Woolf oik St Macon 31201 238 Elbert St Elberton 30635 845 Canterbury Rd N E Atlanta 30324 306 Southern Mutual Bldg Athens 30601 Route 1 Moultrie 31768 701 Cordele Rd Albany 31705 P O Box 246 Commerce 30529 765 Shorter Terr N W Atlanta 30318 2934 Peach Orchard Rd Augusta 30906 Route 3 Hartwell 30643 1102 Skyline Dr Griffin 30223 P O Box 1649 LaGrange 30240 P O Box 163 Bremen 30110 Route 4 Statesboro 30458 3878 Manson Ave Smyrna 30080 1523 Oak Grove Rd Decatur 30033 Route 1 Appling 30802 P O Box J Americus 31709 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 153 Name Parham Bobby District Post Office Eugene 109 P O Box 606 Milledgeville 31061 Parkman Ralph M 66Post 1 548 N White St Carrollton 30117 Parrish Johnny 97 P O Box 6349 Columbus 31907 Patten Grover C 146Post I P O Box 312 Adel 31620 Patten Robert L T 149 Rt 1 Box 180 Lakeland 31635 Peters Robert G 2 P O Box 550 Ringgold 30736 Petro George Phillips L L 46 3189C Buford Hwy Atlanta 30329 Pete Phillips R T 120 Box 166 Soperton 30457 Tom Phillips W 59 1703 Pounds Rd Stone Mountain 30083 Randolph 91 Shiloh 31826 Pinkston Frank C 100 850 Ga Power Bldg Macon 31201 Rainey Howard H Randall William 135 913 Third Ave E Cordele 31015 C Billy 101 845 Forsyth St Macon 31201 Reaves Henry L Richardson 147 Route 2 Quitman 31643 Mrs Eleanor L 52 755 Park Lane Decatur 30033 Ross Ben Barron 76 P O Box 245 Lincolnton 30817 Rush Dewey D 121 Rt 4 Box 266 Glennville 30427 154 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Name District Russell John 64rr Russell Walter B Jr Walt 53 Sams Bill 90 Scott David ni37 Shanahan Tom 7 Sheats Sam 28 Sigman Bobby 74 Post Office Route 2 Winder 30680 921 Nottingham Dr Avondale Estates 30002 410 1st National Bank Bldg Augusta 30902 190 Wendell Dr S E Atlanta 30315 P O Box 427 Calhoun 30701 486 Decatur St S E Atlanta 3312 Rt 2 Victory Lane Oxford 30267 Sizemore Earleen Mrs 136 Smith J R 78 Smith Virlyn B 742 Smyre Calvin 92 Snow Wayne Jr 1Post 1 Stone R Bayne i 138Post 1 Sweat Ottis Jr150 Route 3 Sylvester 31791 P O Box G Barnesville 30204 330 Rivertown Rd Fairburn 30213 P O Box 181 Columbus 31902 P O Box 26 Rossville 30741 208 Hester Hazlehurst 31539 Route 4 Box 10 Waycross 31501 Taggart Thomas R r j125P O Box 9012 Savannah 31402 Thomason Boyd 8Post 2RFD 2 Jasper 30143 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 155 Name District Thompson Albert W 93 Tolbert Claude Tommy 56Post 3 Toles E B 16 Townsend Kiliaen V 24 Triplett Tom 128 Tucker Ray M 73 Twiggs Ralph 4Post 2 Vaughn Clarence R Jr JjiL57 Waddle Ted W 113 Walker Larry115 Wall Vinson 61 Ware J Crawford 68 Watson Roy H Sonny Jr114 West Jim 72Post 3 Wheeler Bobby A 152Post 2 White John132 Post Office P O Box 587 Columbus 31902 1569 Austin Dr Decatur 30032 1114 Park Blvd Rome 30161 1701 Northside Dr N W Atlanta 30318 P O Box 9586 Savannah 31402 P O Box 469 McDonough 30253 P O Box 432 Hiawassee 30546 P O Box 410 Conyers 30207 113 Tanglewood Dr Warner Robins 31093 P O Box 1234 Perry 31069 120 McConnell Dr Lawrenceville 30245 P O Box 305 Hogansville 30230 200 Forest Hill Dr Warner Robins 31093 7856 Fielder Rd Jonesboro 30236 Route 1 Alma 31510 2016 Juniper Dr Albany 31707 156 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Name District Whitmire Doug 9Post 2 Williams Rev Hosea L 54 Williamson George 45 Wilson Joe Mack 19Post 1 Wood Joe T 9Post 1 Post Office Lamplighters Cove off Browns Bridge Road Gainesville 30501 8 Eastlake Dr N E Atlanta 30317 3358 Rennes Dr Atlanta 30319 77 Church St Marietta 30060 P O Box 736 Gainesville 30501 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 157 MEMBERS OF THE GEORGIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BY DISTRICTS AND POST OFFICES FOR THE TERM 1975 1976 District Representative 1Post 1Wayne Snow Jr 1Post 2Forest Hays Jr 2 Robert G Peters 3 Gerald H Leonard 4Post 1Carlton H Colwell 4Post 2Ralph Twiggs 5gJohn G Crawford 6Post 1Jack H Cole r 6Post 2R L Foster 7Tom Shanahan 8Post 1Joe Frank Harris 8Post 2Boyd Thomason 8 Post 3Roger Johnson 9 Post 1Joe T Wood 9Post 2Doug Whitmire Post Office P 0 Box 26 Rossville 30741 Route 3 St Elmo Chattanooga Tenn 37409 P O Box 550 Ringgold 30736 P O Box 246 Chatsworth 30705 Box 6 Blairsville 30512 P O Box 432 Hiawassee 30546 Route 1 Lyerly 30730 P O Box 626 Dalton 30720 4899 Tibbs Bridge Rd Dalton 30720 P O Box 427 Calhoun 30701 1 Valley Drive Cartersville 30120 RFD 2 Jasper 30143 P O Box 1034 Canton 30114 P O Box 736 Gainesville 30501 Lamplighters Cove off Browns Bridge Rd Gainesville 30501 158 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL District Representative Post Office 9Post 3 Jerry D Jackson Rt 2 Box 347 Flowery Branch 30542 10 Jack Irvin Route 1 Baldwin 30511 11 Bill Dover Timbrook Hollywood 30524 12 Lauren Bubba McDonald Jr P 0 Box 246 Commerce 30529 13Post 1 Louie Clarke RFD 2 Danielsville 30633 13Post 2 Billy Milford Route 3 Hartwell 30643 13Post 3 Charles C Mann 238 Elbert St Elberton 30635 14 John Adams 7 E Creekview Dr Rome 30161 15 E M Buddy Childers 15 Kirkwood Street Rome 30161 16 E B Toles 1114 Park Blvd Rome 30161 17 Lynn Gammage 106 N College Street Cedartown 30125 18 Thomas B Murphy P O Box 163 Bremen 30110 19Post 1 Joe Mack Wilson 77 Church St Marietta 30060 19Post 2 G Robert Bob 49 Green St Marietta 30060 Howard 19Post 3 Bill Cooper 3286 Powder Springs Rd Marietta 30060 20Post l C W Chuck 2799 Delk Rd Marietta 30062 Edwards 20Post 2 Carl Harrison P O Box 1374 Marietta 30061 20Post 3 Ken Nix 3878 Manson Ave Smyrna 30080 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 159 District Representative Post Office 21Post 1George H Kreeger 3500 Lee Street 01 v 4o at Smyrna 30080 21Post 2A L Al Burruss O Box 6338A 00 H Marietta 30062 Mrs Dorothy Felton 465 Tanocrest Dr N W oo Atlanta 30328 6Robert A Irvin P O Box 325 9a Vi tt m Roswell 30075 4gKihaen V Townsend1701 Northside Dr N W or Atlanta 30318 bMichael J Egan 97 Brighton Rd N E 26 Sidney J Marcus nLlcUllct OUOUif 845 Canterbury Rd N E Atlanta 30324 27 a George K Larsen 48 Glenald Way N W Atlanta 30327 28 Sam Sheats 1 486 Decatur St S E Atlanta 30312 29 Douglas C Dean 356 Arthur St S W Atlanta 30310 30 Paul Bolster 1043 Ormewood Ave S E Atlanta 30316 31 Mrs Grace T 32 Hamilton 582 University PI N W Atlanta 30314 Mildred Glover 672 Beckwith St S W Apt 7 Atlanta 30319 33 J C Julius 34 35 Daugherty 15 Chestnut St S W 202 Daugherty Building Atlanta 30314 Ben Brown 250 Mathewson PI S W Atlanta 30314 J E Billy McKinney 765 Shorter Terrace N W Atlanta 30318 160 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL District 36 37 38 39 40 l 41 L 42 43Post 1 43Post 2 43Post 3 44 45 46 47 r 48 49 50 Representative Post Office G D Adams 41 David Scott Mrs Henrietta M Canty Robert A Bob Holmes Dick Lane Guy Hill Virlyn B Smith Charlie Carnes 532 St Johns Ave S W Atlanta 30315 190 Wendell Dr S E Atlanta 30315 487 Lynn Valley Rd S W Atlanta 30311 2421 Poole Rd S W Atlanta 30311 2704 Humphries St East Point 30344 1074 Boatrock Rd S W Atlanta 30331 330 Rivertown Road Fairburn 30213 1100 Spring St N W Suite 315 Atlanta 30309 Gerald Talmadge I Horton I1230 Healey Building Atlanta 30303 John W Greer R802 Healey Building Atlanta 30303 John Linder 5039 Winding Branch Dr Dunwoody 30338 George Williamson 3358 Rennes Dr Atlanta 30319 George Petro 3189C Buford Hwy Atlanta 30329 Joe Burton 2598 Woodwardia Rd N E Atlanta 30345 Bill Noble 1523 Oak Grove Rd Decatur 30033 Ewell Hank Elliott Jr John Hawkins 3743 Doroco Dr Doraville 30340 1211 Kingsley Cir N E Atlanta 30324 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 161 District Representative Post Office 51 52 53 54 55 56Post 1 56Post 2 56Post 3 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Peggy Childs Mrs Mobley 520 Westchester Dr Decatur 30030 Eleanor L Richardson755 Park Lane Decatur 30033 Walter B Walt Russell JrJ1921 Nottingham Dr Avondale Estates 30002 Hosea L Williams 8 East Lake Dr N E Atlanta 30317 Betty J Clarkfa 2139 Flat Shoals Rd S E Apt 3 Atlanta 30316 Walt Davis 3782 Snapfinger Road Lithonia 30058 Leon Floyd P O Box 32249 Decatur 30032 Claude Tommy Tolbert 1569 Austin Drive Decatur 30032 Clarence R Vaughn Jr P O Box 410 Conyers 30207 Hugh Jordan 1284 Park Blvd Stone Mountain 30083 R T Tom Phillips 1703 Pounds Rd Stone Mountain 30083 B B Harris SrHighway 120 Duluth 30136 Vinson Wall 120 McConnell Dr Lawrenceville 30245 Hugh Logan r1328 Prince Ave Athens 30601 Chappelle Matthews 306 Southern Mutual Bldg Athens 30601 John Russell JRoute 2 Winder 30680 162 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL District Representative Post Office 65 Thomas M Mac Kilgore 1992 Tara Cir Douglasville 30134 66Post 1 Ralph M Parkman 548 N White St Carrollton 30117 66Post 2 Tom Glanton 539 N White St Carrollton 30117 67 Nathan G Knight P O Box 1175 Newnan 30263 68 J Crawford Ware P O Box 305 Hogansville 30230 69 Edwin G Ed Mullinax P O Drawer 1649 LaGrange 30240 70 Claude A Bray Jr P O Box 549 Manchester 31816 71Post John R Carlisle PI O Box 551 Griffin 30223 71Post 2 John L Mostiler 1102 Skyline Dr Griffin 30223 72Post 1 William J Bill Lee 5325 Hillside Dr Forest Park 30050 72Post 2 Frank I Bailey Jr 6524 Hayes Dr Riverdale 30274 72Post 3 Jim West 7856 Fielder Rd Jonesboro 30236 72Post 4 Rudolph Johnson 5904 Jonesboro Rd Morrow 30260 73 Ray M Tucker P O Box 469 McDonough 30253 74 Bobby Sigman Rt 2 Victory Lane Oxford 30267 75 Bobby Carrell P O Box 690 Monroe 30655 76 Ben Barron Ross P O Box 245 Lincolnton 30817 77 Rav D Owens Route 1 Appling 30802 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 163 District Representative Post Office 78 J R Smith P 0 Box G 79 Marvin Adams Barnesville 30204 709 Greenwood 80 Benson Ham Thomaston 30286 81 W Jones Lane Forsyth 31029 P O Box 484 82 83 Paul E Nessmith Sr Emory E Bargeron Statesboro 30458 Route 4 Statesboro 30458 P O Box 447 84 Warren D Evans Louisville 30434 P 0 Box 670 85 R A Dent Thomson 30824 1120 Pine St 86 Bernard F Miles Augusta 30901 j 2934 Peach Orchard Rd 87 Jack Connell Augusta 30906 88 89 Anne C Calhoun Mrs Wm C Bob Beckham Augusta 30904 2337 Kings Way Augusta 30904 PO Box 1533 90 Rill Sams Augusta 30903 91 W Randolph Phillips Bank Building Augusta 30902 Shiloh 31826 92 Calvin Smyre PO Box 181 93 Albert W Thompson Columbus 31902 P O Box 587 94 C Ed Berry Columbus 31902 2516 Harding Dr 95 Thomas B Buck III Columbus 31906 P O Box 196 Columbus 31902 164 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL District 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106107 108 109 110 111 112 113 Representativ e Jack A King LlJ Johnny Parrish Bryant Culpepper Billy L Evans Frank C Pinkston William C Billy Randall xtla David E Lucas James A Jimmy Bowman 1 Patrick H Pat Banks HLJL Tom C Carr Randolph C Karrh A D Clifton Wilbur E Baugh Bobby E Parham Ward EdwardsL Don Castleberry rE Roy Lambert Ted W Waddle LU Post Office 3110 Hooper Ave Columbus 31907 PO Box 6349 Columbus 31907 Macon Road Ft Valley 31030 1844 Flintwood Dr Macon 31201 850 Ga Power Bldg Macon 31201 845 Forsyth St Macon 31201 448 Woolf oik St Macon 31201 Box 169 Jeffersonville 31044 909 Newport Rd Macon 31204 301 Miamola Ave Sandersville 31082 PO Drawer K Swainsboro 30401 Route 2 Box 157 Metter 30439 PO Box 926 Milledgeville 31061 PO Box 606 Milledgeville 31061 PO Box 146 Butler 31006 PO Box 377 Richland 31825 PO Box 169 Madison 30650 113 Tanglewood Dr Warner Robins 31093 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 165 District Representative Post Office 114 115 Roy H Sonny Watson Jr Larry Walkpr 200 Forest Hill Dr Warner Robins 31093 PO Box 1234 116 Oliver Oxford Perry 31069 PO Box J 117 Ren Jessup Americus 31709 PO Box 468 118 Terry L Coleman Cochran 31014 1201 Fourth Ave 119 W Larsen Jr Eastman 31023 PO Box 2002 120 L L Pete Phillips Court Square Station Dublin 31021 Box 166 121 Dewey D Rush Soperton 30457 Route 4 122 Arthur M Gignilliat Glennville 30427 PO Box 968 123 Rev Jesse Blackshear Savannah 31402 Box 8192 124 125 Joseph A Joe Battle Thomas R Taggart Savannah 31401 2308 Ranchland Dr Savannah 31404 PO Box 9012 126 Herb Jones Jr Savannah 31402 413 Arlington Rd 127 Bobby L Hill Savannah 31406 208 E 34th Street 128 Tom Triplett Savannah 31401 PO Box 9586 129 George A Chance Jr Savannah 31402 PO Box 373 130 Robert P Bob Springfield 31329 Hanner Route 1 Parrott 31777 166 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL District Representative Post Office 131 Charles F Hatcher PO Box 750 Albany 31702 132 John White i 2016 Juniper Dr Albany 31707 133 R S Dick 915 Sixth Ave Albany 31705 Hutchinson 134 Hayward McCollum 701 Cordele Rd Albany 31705 135 Howard H Rainey 913 E 3rd Ave Cordele 31015 136 Mrs Earleen Route 3 Sylvester 31791 Sizemore H 137 Ted Hudson Sq 301 Glynn Ave Fitzgerald 31750 138Post 1 R Bayne Stone 208 Hester Hazlehurst 31539 138Post 2 James Gordon PO Box 769 Jesup 31545 Sonny Harris 139 Donald H Fraser PO Box 472 Hinesville 31313 140 Mobley Howell PO Box 348 Blakely 31723 141 Walter E Cox 1109 Pine St Bainbridge 31713 142 Willis K Bobby PO Box 202 Cairo 31728 Long 143 James W Keyton PO Box 90 Thomasville 317 y2 144 Marcus E Collins Route 1 Pelham 31779 145 Dorsey R Matthews Route 1 Moultrie 31768 PO Box 812 Adel 31620 146Post 1Grover C Patten LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 167 District Representative Post Office 146Post 2 Jack W Carter 1103 S Gordon Ave Adel 31620 I47fl Henry L Reaves Route 2 Quitman 31643 148 James M Beck 2427 Westwood Dr Valdosta 31601 149 Robert L Patten Rt H Box 180 Lakeland 31635 150 Ottis Sweat Jr Route 4 Box 10 Waycross 31501 151 Harry D Dixon 1303 Coral Rd Waycross 31501 152Post 1 Paul W Foster PO Box 679 Blackshear 31516 152Post 2 Bobby A Wheeler Route 1 Alma 31510 153 Lowell Gene Leggett 2219 Tara Lane Brunswick 31520 154 Eston A Harden 114 Cater St St Simons 31522 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 169 STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1976 January 1976 170 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL AGRICULTURE CONSUMER AFFAIRS COMMITTEE Matthews of 145th Chairman Harrison Whitmire Vice Chairman Hatcher Irvin of 11th Secretary Hudson Carr Keyton Castleberry Long Chance McKinney Clifton Nessmith Collins Owens Crawford Patten of Culpepper Patten of Felton Petro Foster of 6th Reaves Gammage Sizemore Glanton Stone Hanner Wheeler Agriculture Consumer Affairs Subcommittees General Agricultural Matters Carr Chairman Clifton Patten of 149th Vice Chairman Glanton Foster of 6th Secretary Sizemore Marketing Livestock Matters Patten of 146th Chairman Culpepper Castleberry Vice Chairman Hanner Chance Secretary Reaves Milk Milk Control Hudson Chairman Gammage Wheeler Vice Chairman Harrison Hatcher Secretary Petro Poultry Matters Whitmire Chairman Keyton Irvin of 10th Vice Chairman Owens McKinney Secretary Hudson Patten of 149th Stone LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 171 APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE Harris of 8th Chairman Shanahan Vice Chairman Oxford Secretary Adams of 14th Beckham Buck Cole Coleman Colwell Connell Daugherty Davis Dixon Egan Evans of 99th Gignilliat Hamilton Harden Howell Hutchinson Jones Jordan Lambert Lane of 40th Lane of 81st Lee Phillips of 120th Pinkston Reaves Ross Rush Smith of 78th Toles Vaughn Ware Whitmire Wilson Wood Appropriations Subcommittees Agriculture Consumer Affairs Public Works Phillips of 120th Chairman Cole Coleman Vice Chairman Howell Oxford Secretary Reaves Education Hamilton Chairman Egan Hutchinson Vice Chairman Ross Adams of 14th Secretary Human Resources Toles Chairman Lane of 40th Connell Vice Chairman Pinkston Harden Secretary Continued on next page 172 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Appropriations Subcommitteescontinued Highway Department Related Agencies Gignilliat Chairman Colwell Evans of 99th Vice Chairman Vaughn Beckham Secretary Wood State Regulatory Agencies Daugherty Chairman Buck Jordan Vice Chairman Lane of 81st Ware Secretary Lee BANKS BANKING COMMITTEE Pinkston Chairman Logan Kreeger Vice Chairman McCollum Daugherty Secretary Miles Beck Milford Beckham Mostiler Berry Oxford Carnes Parham Elliott Peters Harris of 138th Shanahan Horton Sigman Howard Townsend Jones Triplett Karrh Williamson Banks Banking Subcommittees General Banking Logan Chairman McCollum Berry Vice Chairman Milford Triplett Secretary Williamson Howard Industrial Loans Miles Chairman Jones Oxford Vice Chairman Mostiler Karrh Secretary Sigman LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 173 DEFENSE VETERANS AFFAIRS COMMITTEE Wood Chairman Kilgore Hays Vice Chairman Long Wall Secretary Owens Bargeron Sigman Berry Tolbert Gignilliat Defense Veterans Affairs Subcommittee Berry Chairman Kilgore Hays Vice Chairman Tolbert Wall Secretary EDUCATION Ross Chairman Jordan Vice Chairman Wheeler Secretary Adams of 14th Brown Burton Calhoun Carrell Chance Clark of 13th Clifton Dover Edwards of 110th Elliott Evans of 84th Felton Glanton Hamilton COMMITTEE Harris of 60th Harris of 138th Harrison Hawkins Hill of 27th J ackson Knight Larson of 119th Marcus Mostiler Phillips of 120th Phillips of 91st Sizemore Tucker West White Wilson Education Subcommittees Authorities Retirement System Tucker Chairman Evans of 84th Brown Vice Chairman Glanton Burton Secretary Continued on next page 174 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Education Subcommitteescontinued Common Schools Hamilton Chairman Dover Knight Vice Chairman Harris of 60th Edwards of 110th Secretary Jackson School Building Supplies Wheeler Chairman ifPS Adams of 14th Vice Chairman Phillips of 91st Wilson Secretary Transportation Hill of 127th Chairman Jordan Carrell Vice Chairman Elliott Secretary Vocational Education Phillips of 120th Chairman Clark of 13th Chance Vice Chairman Hawkins Larsen of 119th Secretary GAME FISH RECREATION COMMITTEE Rainey Chairman Peters Vice Chairman Twiggs Secretary Adams of 36th Banks Baugh Calhoun Coleman Colwell Cox Dent Foster of 152nd Fraser Gammage Harden Hays Irvin of 10th Jackson Kreeger Lane of 40th Mann McCollum McKinney Mullinax Noble Owens Rush Thomason LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 175 Recreation Subcommittees Boating Adams of 36th Chairman Baugh Thomason Vice Chairman Jackson Kreeger Secretary State Fisheries Irvin of 10th Chairman Foster of 152nd Fraser Vice Chairman Mann Noble Secretary Rush Parks Recreation Lane of 40th Chairman Banks Harden Vice Chairman Dent McKinney Secretary Owens HEALTH ECOLOGY COMMITTEE Marcus Chairman Hudson Vice Chairman McKinney Secretary Baugh Blackshear Burton Calhoun Childers Clark of 55th Cox Dover Harris of 138th Linder Mann Noble Parham Randall Russell of 64th Richardson Smyre Health Ecology Subcommittees General Health Clark of 55th Chairman Harris of 138th Burton Vice Chairman Linder Richardson Secretary Randall Nursing Homes Homes for Aged Russell of 64th Chairman Childers Blackshear Vice Chairman Cox Noble Secretary 176 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL HIGHWAYS Lane of 81st Chairman Sweat Vice Chairman Adams of 14th Secretary Beck Cole Collins Dean Dent Ham Harris of 8th Hill of 41st Johnson of 8 th Kilgore COMMITTEE Leggett Logan Matthews of 145th Oxford Parkman Parrish Phillips of 59th Shanahan Stone Triplett Twiggs Vaughn Waddle Whitmire Highways Subcommittees Highway Maintenance Shops Facilities Oxford Chairman Phillips of 59th Dent Vice Chairman Stone Ham Secretary Interstate Highway System Adams of 14th Chairman Beck Harris of 8th Vice Chairman Hill ot 4ist Waddle Secretary State Highway System Triplett Chairman Parrish Twiggs Vice Chairman Leggett Secretary HUMAN RELATIONS Dent Chairman Hill of 127th Vice Chairman Leggett Secretary Clark AGING COMMITTEE Lucas Matthews of 145th Sheats Smyre LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 177 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE Mullinax Chairman Brown Vice Chairman Carr Secretary Bowman Childers Hawkins Mostiler Phillips of 59th Richardson Scott Thomason White INDUSTRY COMMITTEE Horton Chairman Harrison McDonald Vice Chairman Kilgore Harden Secretary Lee Bailey Parrish Bargeron Petro Burruss Waddle Canty Watson Carter Wheeler Glanton Williams Industry Subcommittees Industrial Development Information Coordination Bailey Chairman Glanton Harden Vice Chairman Kilgore Petro Secretary Parrish Tourist Relations McDonald Chairman Waddle Vice Chairman Carter Secretary Williams 178 legislative manual INSURANCE COMMITTEE Ware Chairman Greer Vice Chairman Castleberry Secretary Barger on Carter Clifton Jessup Leonard McCollum Parrish Peters Petro Smith of 78th Taggart Tolbert Watson Williams Wood Insurance Subcommittees Fire Casualty Allied Lines Castleberry Chairman Leonard Vice Chairman McCollum Parrish Secretary Taggart Health Life Accident Peters Chairman Petro Vice Chairman Williams Bargeron Secretary INTERSTATE COOPERATION COMMITTEE Cole Chairman Jessup Edwards of 110th Vice Chairman Collins Castleberry Secretary JOURNALS COMMITTEE Nessmith Chairman Milford Vice Chairman Smith of 42nd Secretary Bowman Foster of 52nd LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 179 JUDICIARY Snow Chairman Walker Vice Chairman Hatcher Secretary Bray Carnes Carter Childs Culpepper Daugherty Evans of 99th Evans of 84th COMMITTEE Hill of 127th Irvin of 23rd Karrh King Lambert Parkman Russell of 53rd Sams Taggart Tucker Judiciary Subcommittees General Law Procedure Hill of 127th Chairman Evans of 84th Evans of 99th Vice Chairman Karrh Hatcher Secretary Law Enfor cement King Chairman Carter Carnes Vice Chairman Culpepper Karrh Secretary Pardons Paroles Lambert Chairman Parkman Russell of 53rd Vice Chairman Taggart Irvin of 23 rd Secretary Trusts Estates Tucker Chairman Childs Walker Vice Chairman Sams Secretary 180 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL legislative congressional REAPPORTIONMENT COMMITTEE Wilson Chairman Hamilton Vice Chairman Sams Secretary Adams of 36th Battle Elliott Horton Jordan MARTA OVERVIEW COMMITTEE MARTOC Jordan Chairman Adams of 36th Collins Senate members not listed Glover Greer Knight Russell of 53rd MOTOR VEHICLES COMMITTEE Smith of 78th Chairman Jessup Vice Chairman Hutchinson Secretary Coleman Dean Dixon Edwards of 20th Foster of 52nd Harris of 8th Jackson Matthews of 63rd McDonald Milford Scott Sheats Smith of 42nd Williamson Motor Vehicles Subcommittees Title License Affairs Hutchinson Chairman I MTthewsf263rd Smith of 42nd Vice Chairman Matthews of 63 Dean Secretary Motor Carriers McDonald Chairman Harris of 8th Vice Chairman Jackson Secretary Lucas Milford Williamson LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 181 NATURAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE Reaves Chairman Phillips of 120th Vice Chairman Chance Secretary Adams of 79th Battle Carlisle Carr Cooper Crawford Hanner Larsen of 27th Long Noble Patten of 146th Patten of 149th Phillips of 91st Smith of 42nd Thomason Tucker Natural Resources Subcommittees Gas Oil Geology Minerals Carr Chairman Battle Noble Vice Chairman Tucker Patten of 146th Secretary Soil Conservation Pollution Phillips of 120th Chairman Chance Carlisle Vice Chairman Long Larsen of 27th Secretary Thomason RETIREMENT COMMITTEE Buck Chairman Townsend Vice Chairman Johnson of 72nd Secretary Bolster Canty Childs Clark of 13th Crawford Dean Floyd Hanner Harris of 60th Snow Williamson 182 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL RULES COMMITTEE Lee Chairman Connell Vice Chairman Edwards of 110th Secretary Buck Burruss Davis Egan Johnson of 72nd Greer Howard Howell Lambert Matthews of 63rd Mullinax Nessmith Pinkston Russell of 53rd Sweat Sams Triplett Townsend Vaughn Walker Wall Ware Rules Subcommittees Privilege Resolutions Triplett Chairman Sams Ware Vice Chairman Wall Howell Secretary Rules Changes Vaughn Chairman Russell of 53rd Howard Vice Chairman Sweat Greer Secretary Walker Davis SPECIAL JUDICIARY COMMITTEE Thompson Chairman Johnson of 8th Larsen of 119th Vice Chairman Knight Howard Secretary Kreeger Carlisle Nix Fraser Randall Harris of 60th Williams LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 183 Special Judiciary Subcommittees Code Revision Kreeger Chairman Carlisle Vice Chairman Knight Secretary Constitutional Amendments Howard Randall Inquiry Investigation Fraser Chairman Nix Vice Chairman Johnson of 8th Secretary Harris of 60th Williams STATE INSTITUTIONS Colwell Chairman Rush Vice Chairman Toles Secretary Baugh Childs Clark of 55th Coleman Cooper Edwards of 20th Evans of 84th Felton Foster of 6th Fraser Glover Hays Irvin of 10th PROPERTY COMMITTEE Johnson of 72nd Jones Leggett Linder Parham Rainey Sigman Smyre Sweat Taggart Thompson Twiggs Waddle W atson West White State Institutions Property Subcommittees Eleemosynary Institutions Twiggs Chairman Edwards of 20th Clark of 55th Vice Chairman Glover Childs Secretary Continued on next page 184 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL State Institutions Property Subcommitteescontinued Penal Institutions Hays Chairman Rush Irvin of 10th Vice Chairman West Jones Secretary White Property Control Foster of 6th Chairman Evans of 84th Fraser Vice Chairman Rainey Cooper Secretary State Income Producing Properties Sweat Chairman Cox Johnson of 72nd Vice Chairman Parham Taggart Secretary Sigman Smyre State Ports Jones Chairman Felton Coleman Vice Chairman Leggett Thompson Secretary Watson Baugh STATE PLANNING COMMUNITY AFFAIRS COMMITTEE Adams of 36th Chairman Knight Vice Chairman Bailey Secretary Banks Blackshear Bolster Brown Canty Clark of 55th Davis Dover Edwards of 20th Floyd Foster of 6th Gammage Ham Hill of 41st Holmes Johnson of 8th Lane of 40th Larsen of 27th Linder Mann Patten of 146th Phillips of 91st Richardson Russell of 54th Scott Stone LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 185 State Planning Community Affairs Subcommittees Local Legislation Knight Chairman Ham Bailey Vice Chairman Phillips of 91st Hill of 41st Secretary State Federal Relations Patten of 146th Chairman Bolster Russell of 54th Vice Chairman Holmes Brown Secretary Stone STATE OF REPUBLIC COMMITTEE Howell Chairman Bray Vice Chairman Keyton Secretary Cooper Edwards of 110th Floyd Hawkins Holmes King Larsen of 119th Leonard McDonald Randall Sizemore Tolbert TEMPERANCE COMMITTEE Dixon Chairman Glover Evans of 99th Vice Chairman Ham Blackshear Secretary Miles Banks Thompson Carnes 186 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA COMMITTEE Matthews of 63rd Chairman Gignilliat Vice Chairman Logan Secretary Adams of 79th Battle Beck Beckham Bolster Bowman Burton Carrell Childers Connell Culpepper Glover Holmes Irvin of 23rd Jessup Karrh King Lane of 81st Larsen of 27th Leonard Lucas Nix Parkman Patten of 149th Phillips of 59th Russell of 64th Sheats Toles W alker West University System of Georgia Subcommittees Higher Finance Logan Chairman Glover Walker Vice Chairman Adams of 79th Secretary Karrh Nix Long Range Programs King Chairman Beckham Patten of 149th Vice Chairman Russell of 64th Secretary Bowman Parkman Sheats LEGISLATIVE MANUAL WAYS MEANS COMMITTEE Collins Chairman Miles Vice Chairman Adams of 79th Secretary Bailey Berry Bray Burruss Carrell Castleberry Cole Egan Greer Hatcher Hill of 41st Hudson Hutchinson Irvin of 23rd Keyton Marcus Nix Rainey Ross Russell of 64th Snow Wall Ways Means Subcommittees Income Estate Taxes Adams of 79th Chairman Wall Vice Chairman Bailey Secretary Marcus Snow Public Utilities Transportation Berry Chairman Hutchinson Vice Chairman Russell of 64th Secretary Hill of 41st Hudson Nix Real Intangible Tax Hatcher Chairman Cole Castleberry Vice Chairman Ro Bray Secretary Sales Tax Tax Revision Keyton Chairman Parroii Greer Vice Chairman Egan Secretary LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 189 RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 191 ORGANIZATION Rule 1 be vested consist of The legislative power of the State shall in a General Assembly which shall a Senate and House of Representatives Ga Const art Ill sec f par I Legislative power and bodies Rule 2 The Senate and House of Representatw a ube fnized by the secretary clerk thereof who shall be exofficio presiding officer SIKH eleCtd N questi except one relating to the organization shall be entertained by such officer and in deciding such question he shall be governed as far as practicable nu Hi oi the House ove wS B presides In the absence of such officer his assistant may officiate In the absence of both the body may appoint a chairman whose powersand or Srk the Same aS those of Organization by Clerk or assistant or chairman Ga CodeAnn sec 47104 Rule 3 The presiding officer of the House o Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of th cfIrlthrbodyatiVeS ad ShaI be elected Election of Speaker Ga Const art III sec VI par II Rule 4 The President of the Senate a Speaker of the House shall be elected by th shpeh1Ve bodles viva voce and a majority of vot 11 be necessary to a choice In like manner t Senate shall elect a president pro tern and t House a speaker pro tern whose powers ai duties while presiding or in the absence of ti permanent officers shall be the same Ga Code Ann sec 47106 Speaker pro tern election and powers 192 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Officers and assistants Rule 5 The officers of the two Houses other than the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House shall be a President Pro Tempore and Secretary of the Senate and Speaker Pro Tempore and Clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as each House may provide for Ga Const art Ill sec VIII par 1 Seats Rule 6 The Speaker shall assign seats to the members Members who were members during the last regular session of the House shall be assigned the seats which they held during such last regular session if such seats are available for assignment Oath of members Rule 7 Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State Ga Const art Ill sec IV par V Judges to administer oath Rule 8 The oaths of office prescribed by Const Art Ill Sec IV Par V 21605 may be administered to the members of the General Assembly by any Justice of the Supreme Court Judge of the Court of Appeals or judge of the superior courts to be procured by the person organizing each branch Ga Code Ann sec 47105 Clerks election and term Rule 9 There shall be a secretary of the Senate and clerk of the House of Representatives elected by the members of each House respectively viva voce and a majority of votes cast is necessary to LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 193 elect Their terms of office shall be the time for which the members of the General Assembly are elected Ga Code Ann sec 47201 Rule 10 Said officers their assistants and engrossing and enrolling clerks before entering on the discharge of their duties shall take an oath before the respective presiding officers of the two Houses to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge of which a minute shall be made and entered on the journals Ga Code Ann sec 47202 Rule 11 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath for the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue in office until another is elected Rule 12 The President of the Senate and Speaker of the House shall administer the oaths required to the subordinate officers of their respective Houses Ga Code Ann sec 47203 Rule 13 Immediately after their election said secretary and clerk shall each give bond and security in the sum of 5000 payable to the Governor and his successors in office and conditioned for the faithful discharge of their respective duties said bonds to be approved by the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House respectively Oaths of Clerk and assistants Journal entry Term of Clerk Oaths of subordinate officers Bond of Clerk Ga Code Ann sec 47204 194 Clerks care of books Clerks assistants appointment and pay Stenographic reporter Approval of assistant clerks by enrolling committee Doorkeeper and Messenger election and pay LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule 14 The Clerk shall take special care of the books provided for the use of the House Rule 15 Said secretary and clerk shall each select and appoint such assistants as may be necessary for the performance of the clerical work of their respective Houses including clerks for such standing or special committees as may be allowed a clerk by order of their respective Houses the compensation of their said assistants shall be fixed by said secretary and clerk respectively and be paid out of the amounts allowed said secretary and clerk respectively in section 47210 Provided however that if either House shall for any purpose employ a stenographic reporter the cost of such reporter shall not be considered a part of the clerical expenses of such House but shall be provided for by a special appropriation Ga Code Ann sec 47208 Rule 16 No journalizing recording enrolling or engrossing clerk shall be appointed by the secretary of the Senate or clerk of the House of Representatives until such clerk has been examined by the enrolling committee and certified to his respective House to be competent and well qualified to the discharge of the duties required of him and such clerk shall be removed at any time upon the recommendation of the enrolling committee of the House in which he is employed Ga Code Ann sec 47209 Rule 17 Each House is entitled to a doorkeeper and messenger to perform such duties as may be required of them who shall be elected as provided for the election of clerk of the House of Repre LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 195 sentativcs and secretary of the Senate and who shall be compensated as provided by each House Ga Code Ann sec 47301 18 No doorkeeper or other employee of the House of Representatives or Senate shall sublet ms employment or contract in any way nor shall the person having the appointment of any of said employees consent to any substitution of any other person for any of said employees Ga Code Ann sec 47302 Rule 19 Whenever for any reason the person appointed to any of said positions cannot personaliy discharge the duties of the same said oitice shall become vacant and it shall be the duty o the person in whom is vested the appointing power to appoint another person for such time as the original employee cannot discharge his duties and the compensation shall from the date of such new appointment be paid to the new employee for the time he shall serve Ga Code Ann sec 47203 Rule 20 Whenever the provisions of this Chapter shall be violated and any person shall be substituted for another in violation of the same neither the person so substituted nor the person for whom he is substituted shall receive any compensation out of the State treasury and it shall be the duty of the State Treasurer whenever any change shall be made in any of the persons tilling any of said positions to ascertain that the change was made according to the provisions of this Chapter before paying any money to the new otticer or employee Ga Code Ann sec 47305 No employee substitution Filling vacancies No pay when employee substitution 196 Duties of Messenger Sergeant at Arms Pages Privilege of floor LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule 21 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the House while m session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the Speaker and to execute the demands of the House from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the speaker There shall be a SergeantatArms of the House who under the direction of the Speaker shall be responsible for maintaining order in the House Chamber galleries and anterooms The SergeantatArms shall be designated by the Speaker and at the direction of the Speaker shall assist the Messenger in the performance of his duties under these rules Rule 22 Each member of the House shall be allowed a maximum of five Page Days during each annual session One Page Day shall be deemed to be utilized by the service of one Page Said five Page Days may be utilized on one legislative day or on separate legislative days in the discretion of the member No one shall be eligible to serve as a Page who is not at least twelve years of age A member must make a reservation for each Page at least one week prior to the date on which he wishes such Page to serve Rule 23 No person shall be entitled to enter upon the floor of the House except 1 members and officers thereof 2 members and officers of the Senate 3 the Governor of the State 4 staff members of the Office of Legislative Counsel 5 members of the press telegraph radio and television stations and newsreel photographers who bear proper credentials and 6 such others as the House may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on Rules Seats and spaces in the press section shall be assigned and designated by the Speaker LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 197 Identification cards signed by the Speaker and attested by the Clerk shall be issued to all persons entitled to privileges of the floor under this rule The Doorkeeper of the House is specifically charged with the duty of enforcing this rule The right is automatically reserved to the Speaker to refuse the issuance of or to revoke cards requested or issued to nonmembers of the House and Senate and thereby prohibit admittance Spouses and children of the members of the House may be admitted on the floor of the House provided they shall not be seated at the desk of any member No person shall be admitted on the floor of the House who is engaged in lobbying or who is attempting to influence legislation Except for the presentation of the Chaplain and the doctor of the day no member shall be recognized for the purpose of introducing visitors in the gallery or on the floor of the House The Speaker shall not recognize the presence of visitors in the gallery unless he deems their presence to be of such importance as to outweigh the value of continuing the business of the House No person not a member of the House shall be recognized to speak unless such person shall have first been so invited by the adoption of a Resolution or or before the previous day SPEAKERS POWERS AND DUTIES Rule 24 In all cases of election by the House the Speaker shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the House shall be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal Identification Doorkeepers duty Refusal by Speaker Spouses and children No lobbyists Recognition of Visitors Vote 198 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Priority of business Recognition Silence and irrelevant debate Yeas and nays Substitute Succession division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the Speaker shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member Rule 25 All questions as to the priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the Speaker without debate Rule 26 When two or more members shall rise at the same time the Speaker shall name the person entitled to proceed Rule 27 The Speaker shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it necessary Rule 28 The Speaker may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays unless otherwise ordered by the House Rule 29 The Speaker may during a days sitting name any member to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer Rule 30 Whenever from any cause the Speaker shall be absent at the beginning of a daily session the Speaker Pro Tempore shall preside If both shall be absent the Clerk of the House shall call the House to order and shall preside until the election of an acting Speaker Pro Tempore which said election shall be the first business of the House The acting Speaker Pro Tempore thus LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 199 elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease Rule 31 Members of all committees provided for in these rules shall be appointed by the Speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House The Speaker may create in his discretion within any standing committee a subcommittee or subcommittees and constitute the membership thereof Except for the Committee on Rules and the Committee on Interstate Cooperation a member shall remain on the committee to which he is appointed so long as he is a member of the House In the event a member desires to change committees he may make a request to the Speaker and in the event a change can be accomplished the Speaker is authorized to make such change Rule 32 The Speaker shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the House cleared by the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the House to be dealt with for contempt of the House Rule 33 No person shall enter the gallery of the Hall of the House of Representatives unless such person has been issued a card by the Speaker authorizing such person to enter said gallery Such card must be signed by the Speaker and must be displayed by such person to the doorkeeper of the gallery The Speaker is hereby authorized to revoke any card issued by him Appointment of committees and subcommittees Clearing galleries and lobbies when disorder 200 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Suspension of Messenger and Doorkeepers Rule 34 The Speaker shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty He shall report any such suspension to the House within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the House may see fit to take GENERAL BUSINESS AND ORDER OF BUSINESS Rule 35 The following shall be the order of business 1 Call of the Roll 2 Scripture reading and prayer by Chaplain 3 Report of the Committee on the Journal 4 Reading of the Journal 5 Confirmation of the Journal 6 Unanimous consents 7 Motions to reconsider 8 Introduction of bills and resolutions 9 First and second readings and reference of House bills and resolutions 10 Report of standing committees 11 Reading of bills and resolutions favorably reported 12 Third reading and passage of uncontested local bills and resolutions 13 First and second readings and reference of Senate bills and resolutions 14 Unfinished business of previous session 15 Orders of the day 16 Senate amendments to House bills and resolutions and reports of conference committees 17 House bills and resolutions for third reading LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 201 Rule 36 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the House that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Clerk The reports of the Committee on Journals may be made at any time Rule 37 The Committee on Rules during the last twentyone days of each session shall arrange and fix the calendar for each days business Such calendar shall be a standing and continuing special order during said period Only the Rules Committee may amend the Rules Calendar during any legislative day except that such Calendar may be changed by a threefourths vote of the members voting provided such threefourths constitutes a majority of the members elected to the House Rule 38 Every motion to make special orders shall be submitted in writing to the Committee on Rules and reported upon by the Committee before being submitted to the House Rule 39 Any motion to suspend or change the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate Provided that whenever a report from the Committee on Rules is submitted to the House the questions arising on said report shall be debatable until the report of the Committee is agreed to or disagreed to or the main question is ordered There shall be no debate however on the report of the Committee on Rules during the last twentyone days of the session Rule 40 The Rules of the House known as Constitutional Rules and Statutory Rules shall not be suspended Except as provided elsewhere in these rules no other rule shall be suspended or Enrolling Committee to report Journal Calendar of Rules Committee last 21 days Special orders to Rules Committee Suspension or change of rules or order of business debate No debate on Rules Committees report Suspension or change of rules or order of business 202 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL changed nor the order of business changed except by a vote of twothirds of the members voting if such twothirds constitutes a majority of the members elected to the House Dispensing with rollcall Rule 41 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the House shall not be dispensed with except by a vote of a majority of the members voting or by unanimous consent The motion to dispense witjrthe rollcall shall be decided without debate Theectric rollcall system may be used to call the roll by the members using the aye switch to signify their presence Dispensing with reading of Journal Rule 42 The reading of the Journal shall not be dispensed with except by a vote of a majority of the members voting or by unanimous consent The motion to dispense with the reading of the Journal shall be decided without debate Committee reports Rule 43 The several standing committees of the House shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise The report of the Committee on Rules is in order at any time when the House is not actually engaged in other business Messages Rule 44 When a message shall be sent to the House of Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce vote is being taken A message shall be presented to the House by the Speaker when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the House is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the House legislative manual privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the House collectively Questions of its safety dignity and the integrity of its nro pnvilegeceedings second the rights repitation and nduct of members individually in their reoresentntive capacity only Questions of privilege shall have precedence over all other questions except a motion to adjourn Provided that when any matter is pending before the House no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question shall be disposed of MI 46 Every motion for information from Motions for mpnt M 1VQf EePartment or any other depart information ment of the State government shall be considered on the same legislative day on which it is made xcept that by a vote of a majority of the members elected such motion may be postponed consideration until the next legislative day noater6 dy 0n WhlCh SUCh motion is made but 203 meetings the General Assembly tttHilBlaf Prescribed m Art Ill Sec IV Par First ill of the State Constitution 21503 The hour meetin8 at bf 110oclock AM and the place at the State Capitol first meeting Ga Code Ann sec 47103 Rule 48 The House shall convene at 10 AM Sundays excepted unless otherwise ordered by the Time of House The hour of adjournment shall be fixed by meetings debate0 f Said House on motion without Contempt of nonmembers 204 Reference to petition in Journal Budget for House LEGISLATIVE MANUAL ence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House Ga Const art Ill sec VII par II Rule 50 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading Rule 51 For the purpose of making up the budget the Director of the Budget shall have the power and it shall be his duty to require from the proper State officials including herein all executive and administrative officers bureaus boards commissions and agencies expending or supervising the expenditure of and all institutions applying for State moneys and appropriations such itemized estimates and other information in such form and manner and at such times as said Director shall direct The estimates for the Legislative Department certified by the presiding officer of each House and of the Judiciary as certified by the State Auditor shall be transmitted to the Director in such form and manner and at such time as he shall direct and shall be included in the budget The Director may provide for public hearings on all estimates and may require the attendance at such hearings of representatives oi all departments agencies boards commissions or institutions applying for State moneys and appropriations After such public hearings and after examination of the estimates submitted the Director may in his discretion revise all estimates except those for the Legislative and Judicial Departments The Governorelect may advise and confer with the Director in the preparation and revision of the estimates and for this purpose he LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 205 shall have access to all estimates and requests submitted by the departments agencies commissions and institutions in compliance with the instructions of the Director Ga Code Ann sec 40402 Rule 52 No member shall take any books or papers from the possession of the House or Clerk without first acquainting the Clerk and giving him a receipt to return the same in a reasonable time or on his demand Rule 53 When the reading of any paper is called for and the reading is objected to by any member whether the paper shall be read shall be determined by a vote of the House without debate QUORUM AND ABSENTEES Rule 54 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each house may provide Ga Const art ILL sec IV par IV Rule 55 The power to compel the attendance of members in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall be allowed to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House The Messenger of the House on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them Receipt for papers Reading of paper To transact business Compelling attendance Arrest LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 206 before the House when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid The SergeantatArms of the House shall also be authorized to perform the same duties as provided herein for the Messenger Motion to determine attendance Arrest and discharge Rule 56 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present or when the Speaker shall officially state the fact to the House it shall be in order for any member to make a motion for a call of the House When such motion is made the Speaker shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the House prevail and if onefifth of the members present shall vote m the affirmative the Speaker shall order the Clerk to call the roll of members and the absentees shall be noted The doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called Those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by order of the majority of the members present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by the officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured jj and the House shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged Rule 57 Upon the call of all the members the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal And it shall be the duty of the Clerk to keep a separate Hst absentees list of the absentees from each days proceedings for Journal which list shall be entered upon the Journal The list shall show which of said absentees are absent without leave which are absent with leave which are absent for providential causes and which are absent for business reasons Said separate list shall be read in the House with the Journal upon which the same is entered LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 207 DEBATE AND DECORUM Rule 58 When any member is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the House he shall rise from his seat and respectfully address himself to Mr Speaker No member shall be recognized by the Speaker unless said member is at his designated seat The member shall be confined to matter in debate and shall not speak more than twice on any subject or more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spokefr No member of the House shall occupy the floor longer than one 1 hour in debating any question unless otherwise ordered by the House On the last two days of the session no member of the House shall occupy the floor longer than twenty 20 minutes in debating any question unless otherwise ordered by the House Any motion to limit or extend the time of individual speeches shall be decided without debate No such motion shall prevail unless it shall receive the affirmative votes of twothirds of those voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum Such motion may be made at any time that the movant thereof may legitmately obtain the floor If any member in speaking or otherwise transgresses the rules of the House the Speaker shall call him to order in which case the said member shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The House shall if appealed to decide whether to confirm the Speakers action If the transgressor refuses to submit to the decision of the House for the first offense he shall be reproved for the second he shall be fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and if he continues refractory he may be expelled from the House by a twothirds vote of the members which said vote Request for recognition from seat Limits on debate Time Limit or extension Order against transgression of rules Appeal Penalties LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 208 shall be taken by yeas and nays and recorded on the Journal of the House Rule 59 Each House shall be the judge of the Power of election returns and qualifications of its members House over and ghali have power to punish them for disorderly membersnip behavior or misconduct by censure fine im prisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Ga Const art Ill sec VII par I Censure for debate Duties of Clerk and member Time limits Address through Speaker Rule 60 If any member shall be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Clerk and read The words excepted to shall then be admitted denied or explained by the member who spoke them Thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the House may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at any time the House is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main question have btfen disposed of or until such future time as may then be ordered by the House But no member shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the House for words spoken in debate if any other member has spoken or other business has intervened before the exception to the words is taken Rule 61 No member shall address the House except as heretofore stated in case of appeals or cominue interrogate a member who is speaking except through the Speaker Should the member speaking decline to be interrupted the Speaker shall cause the member desiring to interrogate to be silent LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 209 Rule 62 No member shall refer in debate to any private conversation had with another member or to any matters which took place in Inv committee or in the Senate any Reference to conversations etc Ruie 63 In speaking a member shall avoid calling any other member by name when he mav have occasion to take notice of his observations VIBlliii bim by bis position on the floor rfhtresWence1 i represents county Reference to members Freedom from arrest Freedom of debate fri ie If ThVembers ofboth Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the Hi Assembly and m going thereto or returning therefrom except for treason felonv Srbe Sxll f the and no snail be liable to answer m any other place for anything spoken in debate in either House Ga Const art Ill sec VII par Ill Rule 65 The members of the House shall d IWPP WM conversation and prese dS silence until a speaking member has taken his seat debate Rule 66 No member shall pass between the r Chair and a member while he is SDeakinp At Limitson fimo 9 peaKing At the movement set 1titXTeLnetirsem Sha t his Rule 67 No member shall converse with anv No one over the bar of the House conversation over bar entity H merVber or any other person the Pnvileges of the or shall be permitted to enter upon the floor of the House while m an intoxicated condition The Messenger No inebriates 210 No applause or hisses Method Speakers question Decision of House Time limits Debate limits Addressing Written protest LEGISLATIVE MANUAL and the Doorkeeper of the House are specially charged with the rigid enforcement of this rule Rule 69 Applause hisses or other noises in the Representative Chamber in the gallery or in the lobbies during any speech or legislative proceeding shall be promptly suppressed PROTEST AND APPEAL Rule 70 Should any member of the House be dissatisfied with the ruling of the Speaker on any point he shall rise and respectfully address the Speaker and say I appeal from the decision of the Chair The Speaker will then state to the House the point ruled on and his decision on it and shall then put the question of appeal to the House as follows All in favor of the decision of the Chair standing as the sense of this House will say AyeThose opposed will say No The decision of the House in sustaining or overruling the Speaker shall be final Rule 71 All appeals from the decision of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought Rule 72 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate Rule 73 Where debate is permissible on appeals from the decision of the Chair any member after being recognized by the Speaker may address his remarks directly to the House Rule 74 Any member may enter a protest in writing against the action of the House Said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 211 grounds of such protest It shall not be argumentasall not arraign or impugn the motive of the House or of any member thereof Such protest shall be entered by the Clerk upon the Journal of the House Entry on Journal MOTIONS Rule 75 When any subject is before the House tor consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following towit 1st A motion to adjourn 2nd A motion to lay on taH 3rd A motiori for the previous question Motions 4th A motion to adjourn to a time definite dSfdebate 5th A motion to indefinitely postpone 6th A motion to postpone to a day certain 7th A motion to commit 8th A motion to amend 9th A motion to print named mtions sha11 have Precedence in the order Precedence Rule 76 After a motion is stated by the Speaker or read by the Clerk it shall be deemed Possession to be m the possession of the House but may by and unanimous consent be withdrawn at any time withdrawal before the decision Rule 77 A motion made by not be seconded any member need No second Rule 78 No member may make more than one One at motion at a time While the motion is being put to a timethe House he must resume his seat and he is not LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 212 No cut off of debate without relinquishing floor When motion in order Debate Renewal Amendment If to particular time further entitled to the floor again unless recognized again by the Speaker Rule 79 No member shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then make any motion the effect of which is to cut off debate without relinquishing the floor ADJOURNMENT Rule 80 The motion to adjourn may be made at any time when the movant can legitimately obtain the floor Rule 81 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained But when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Clerk has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one member has been given or after the Speaker has unlocked the rollcall system for voting or after a division of the House has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced In such cases the rollcall shall be completed the vote counted and the result finally announced before a motion to adjourn shall be in order Rule 82 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the House A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended Rule 83 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the House is not actually engaged in other business is LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 213 proposed amendable as to the day or time RlJIe 84 When a motion to adiourn in it mmmhhI ii mm il IS next sitting day or time m course 1 Ral 85 Whenever the hour of adjournment a votinfvf w10r resoulution shall arrive while the the6session 18 taken by yeas and ays tne session shall continue until the final vote i taken and announced If said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the House is actine r on the mam Question nftoy 1 acting Complete been orderedq and mam luestlon has yeas and raerea and before the vote on the main nays question is being taken either by a division oTbv he yeas and nays as aforesaid the House shah stand adjourned by virtue of said priorresolution thaRU three davfnft11 KlE adjourn re Three day consent of th J ofh t0 anJ otber Place without the and place consent ot the other and m case of disagreement limit SKiPlH Houes question SfdS S them Government W adjourn either S both txiem Disagreement Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XXII 87 The General Assembly shall meet in numbered year for no longer than thirtythree days The General Assembly shall meet inr Jrftl session on the second Monday in Januarv 1 and m every evennumbered year Safer It 214 Term of session Pending business Extraordinary session Delay for impeachment Not after order for main question Delay until rollcall LEGISLATIVE MANUAL concurrent resolution adoption by a majority of members elected to both Houses of the General Assembly the General Assembly may adjourn any regular session to such later date as it may fix for reconvening in regular session but shall remain in regular session no longer than fortyfive 45 days in the aggregate in oddnumbered years and no longer than forty 40 days in the aggregate in evennumbered years during the terms for which members were elected All business pending in the Senate or House at the adjournment of any regular session may be considered at any regular session of the same General Assembly as if there had been no adjournment Nothing herein shall be construed to affect the power of the Governor to convoke the General Assembly in extraordinary session or the duty of the Governor to convene the General Assembly in extraordinary session upon the certificate of threefifths of the members elected to the Senate and the House of Representatives as provided in Article V Section I Paragraph XII Section 23012 of this Constitution If an impeachment trial is pending at the end of any regular or extraordinary session the Senate may continue in session until such trial is completed Ga Const art Ill sec IV par Ill TABLING Rule 88 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order Rule 89 After a yea and nay vote is called on any bill or resolutionthe House not acting at the time under the previous questionand one vote has been recorded or the Speaker has unlocked LEGISLATIVE MANUAL H9B fjstem for voting no motion to table completed1 Bl 1 Brollca11 shaI1 have been When any bill or resolution is tabled from theC3 the rollca11 and then taken irom the table nothing can be done except to announce the result of said vote as shown bv said tailed at the time said M1 In 215 Effect of tabling after rollcall HQBB Nothing may be legitimately laid on cLitsn the table excepting what may be taken up again Ife mk No motion to lay an amendment on tne table shall be in order Rule 92 Neither the motion to lay on the table Not or Amendablen t0 fr0m the table is debatable Renewal new busins has intervened between Rule 94 If the motion to lay on the table I from the consideration of the Effect aHtXoTirtheTmeer Wih a he mtions When a proposition is taken from the table it stands before the House in the exact form with a 1 t0 4 Just as stod at the time the motion to lay on the table prevailed Rule 95 A majority of a quorum voting is vntt necessary to lay a bill on the table A majority f a Ke and quoruni voting may take from the table at anv take from time when the House is not engaged on any othe table 216 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL measure any bill resolution or paper which has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken up the same is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar Limits on subject matter INDEFINITE POSTPONEMENT Rule 96 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or to amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule Debate and amendment Rule 97 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but the motion cannot be amended No renewal Rule 98 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has been voted down Disposal on final reading Rule 99 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of those voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session POSTPONEMENT Limits on subject matter Rule 100 A motion to postpone to a day certain cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but only to the whole measure LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 217 When the motion prevails it carries forward the whole proposition and its appendages to the dav Effectnamed J Rule 101 On a motion to postpone a question to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another It shall be the duty of the Speaker to hold members rigidly to these points Debate Rule 102 The motion to postpone to a dav certain may be amended by substituting one day tor another In this case the time would be treated Amendmentas a blank and the Speaker should treat any such amendment as he would those to fill a blank i RuIf i03 W a day designated is known to be n Mr H9 0f the session the Speaker shall e the subject11 10n aS ne t0 indefinitely postpone postponement Rule 104 If the motion to postpone a bill a 0tir eaSUre is decided in the Renewal negative the question is left before the House as it was before the motion was made and a second motion to postpone cannot be made on the same day or at the same stage of the proceeding Rule 105 The motion to postpone a bill resolution or other measure to a day certain when decided m the affirmative by a majority of those voting providing the total vote constitutes a Effectquorum removes the subject from before the House until the time designated 218 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL COMMITMENT To types of committees Rule 106 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee or Committee of the Whole House Precedence of committees Rule 107 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on But where a motion is made that a bill resolution or other measure be committed to the Committee of the Whole House this motion shall be put before either of the above named motions Debate if instructions Rule 108 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question may be debated Amendment Rule 109 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the member making the motion Recom mitment Rule 110 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of those voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum RECONSIDERATION Time for motion Rule 111 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the order of unanimous consent on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered and such other days as hereinafter provided Before any action can be recon LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 219 siderei notice must have been given to the House oi intention to so move during the legislative day during which the action sought to be reconsidered took Place The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made A motion for reconsideration takes a majority of those voting providing the total vote constitutes a quorum Notice required time When the action sought to be reconsidered occurs on the last legislative day of the week the motion for reconsideration shall be in order on the following Monday When the action sought to be reconsidered occurs on the last day of the session the same may be reconsidered during such day The action of the House upon a House amendment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which the amendment relates The action of the House on Senate amendments shall be in order for reconsideration immediately and not otherwise Time for reconsideration Of action on amendment time limits Rule 112 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once One reconsideration Rule 113 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of the calendar of bills then in Calendar order for a third reading ENACTMENT Rule 114 The Speaker shall not recognize an member at any time except during the first thirt minutes after the confirmation of the Journal o after the reading of the Journal has been dispensec with for the purpose of asking unanimous consen lor the introduction of new matter to read am Unanimous consent limits 220 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Vote bill or resolution the second time or any local bill or resolution a third time to put any local bill or resolution upon its passage or to recommit a bill or resolution or to withdraw it from one committee and recommit it to another The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to put any general bill or resolution upon its passage or to read such bill or resolution and recommit it The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to cast his vote on any motion resolution amendment bill or other question One at a time The Speaker shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any one time Withdrawal of bill Rule 115 Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the House Transmittal to Senate Rule 116 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the Senate on the day of the passage thereof except by unanimous consent or unless twothirds of the members voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum shall so order Provided that any bill or resolution which requires action by the Senate during the last three legislative days shall be immediately transmitted by the Clerk to the Senate Enrollment Rule 117 The Committee on Journals shall carefully compare enrolled bills and resolutions correct any errors that may be discovered in the enrolled bills or other papers and make their report forthwith to the House LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 221 M ljfl The engrossed copies of all laws and IW resolutions passed by the General Assembly Fnr shall be preserved by the chairman of the enrolling committfe committee and deposited in the office of the Sec to preserve retary of State laws Ga Code Ann sec 47901 RHle V li Wand Joint Resolutions shall be signed by the Speaker and Clerk and all writs I warrants and subpoenas issued by order of the Slgnatures the Clerks Slgned by the SPeaker and attested Rule 120 All acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the Mouse of Representatives and no bill or resolu o ipjjj tended to have the effect of a law which of laws shall have been rejected by either house shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of recteddS f 111 House by whick the same was Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XIII Rule 121 Each House shall keep a journal of its littalll publish it immediately after its Journal adjournment The General Assembly shall provide and law tor the publication of the laws passed by each publicationsession Ga Const art Ill sec VII par IV Rule 122 The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of the Journal secretary of State but there shall be no other preservation record thereof Ga Const art Ill sec VII par V 222 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL INTRODUCTION AND READING Filing Rule 123 No bill or resolution requiring the concurring vote of the Senate for passage shall be introduced unless the same shall have been filed in the office of the Clerk not later than one hour after the time of adjournment on the previous day Deadline on introduction No such bill or resolution shall be introduced after the 30th day of any regular session except upon the affirmative vote of threefifths of the members present provided a quorum is present Two copies clerk and press Rule 124 When introducing a bill or resolution a member shall file an original and one copy with the Clerk Form of bills and resolutions Rule 125 All bills and resolutions shall be typed printed or otherwise duplicated and the name of the member introducing the same as well as the district he represents shall be on the back thereof There shall also appear on the back the title or brief summary thereof Subject matter limits Rule 126 No law shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different for what is expressed in the title thereof Ga Const art Ill sec VII par VIII Reference to laws Rule 127 No law or section of the code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XVI LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 223 Rule 128 No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the newspaper in which the sheriffs advertisements for the locality affected are published once a week for three weeks during a period of sixty days immediately preceding its introduction into the General Assembly No local or special bill shall become law unless there is attached to and made a Fu rt Hi blll a cPy f said notice certified by the publisher or accompanied by an affidavit of the author to the effect that said notice has been published as provided by law No office to which a person has been elected shall be abolished nor the term of the office shortened or lengthened by local or special bill during the term for which such person was elected unless the same be approved bv the people of the jurisdiction affected in a rF feniUm on the question When any local law snail add any member or members to any municipal or county governing authority the members of which are elected by the people such local laws must provide that the member or members so added must be elected by the qualified voters of the politick subdivision affected under such rules as the General Assembly may in said law provide Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XV Rule 129 No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the newspaper m which the sheriffs advertisements for the locality affected are published once a week for three weeks during a period of 60 days immediately preceding its introduction into the General Assembly No local or special bill shall become law unless there is attached to and made a Fifrt a1ld bl11 a cPy of said notice certified by the publisher or accompanied by an affidavit of the author to the effect that said notice has been Notice on local bills Affidavit of publication Referendum if applies to office Addition to local governing body Notice on local bill Affidavit LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 224 Referendum on office Addition to local governing authority published as provided by law No office to which a person has been elected shall be abolished nor the term of the office shortened or lengthened by local or special bill during the term for which such person was elected unless the same be approved by the people of the jurisdiction affected in a referendum on the question Where any local law shall add any member or members to any municipal or county governing authority the members of which are elected by the people such local law must provide that the member or members so added must be elected by a majority vote of the qualified voters of the political subdivision affected Ga Code Ann sec 47801 Clerks duty to print and distribute No passage until distributed Suspension of bill or resolution for floor amendments distribution Rule 130 The Clerk shall as soon as possible after any bill or resolution of general application is filed in his office cause the same to be printed and when such bill or resolution is placed on the general calendar the Clerk shall distribute a copy thereof to each member of the House Whenever any such bill or resolution of general application shall be reported back by the committee to which it was referred with the recommendation that it do pass as amended the Clerk shall cause the recommended amendment to be printed and copies thereof to be distributed to each member No bill or resolution of general application shall be placed on its passage unless copies of the same and any committee amendments shall have been printed and distributed to the members prior to consideration for passage The House may at any time by a vote of a majority of those voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum suspend action upon any pending bill or resolution of general application until all amendments offered thereto on the floor shall have been printed and distributed to the members LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 225 Rule 131 All bills and resolutions shall be Calendar called in the numerical order in which they stand on the calendar or as otherwise directed by the Speaker or by the House Provided that the General Appropriations Bill shall have precedence on third reading over all other matters even Special Orders until final disposition of the said JDlll So that the proper numerical order may be accurately and fairly determined as between bills and resolutions it shall be the duty of the Clerk to place on each bill and resolution as same is read the first time a number following the numerical Tbich sad bills and resolutions are read the first time adopting one series of numbers and the same series of numbers for both bills and resolutions Before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Clerk shall distinctly state its number and the name of the member bv whom introduced Precedence of General Appropriation Bill Numbering by Clerk at first reading Reading by Clerk Rule 132 A motion to engross a bill mav be made upon reading the bill the first time and at no other time When a motion to engross is made no debate shall be permitted except that the movant may speak to his motion not longer than five minutes and any one other member of the House may speak in opposition thereto for five minutes No bill or resolution shall be engrossed except upon the affirmative vote of twothirds of the members voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum or except by unanimous consent In case of engrossment of any bill or SimfterAe Tny thereof sha11 be made by the Clerk and the bill or other matter shall not be mitted6 thereafter unless subsequently com Engrossment at first reading Debate Vote Restricts amendment Rule 133 Every bill before it shall pass shall R t be read three times and on three separate days in Sred LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 226 each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection but the first and second reading of each local bill shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed Ga Const art Ill sec VII par VII Automatic second reading No debate at first or second reading Rule 134 Whenever any bill or resolution having the force and effect of law is filed with the Clerk it shall be read for the first time on the succeeding day and such day shall be deemed to be the date on which the bill was introduced Such bill or resolution shall then automatically be read for the second time on the legislative day following the day on which it is introduced There shall be no debate on the first or second reading of any bill or resolution USE OF COMMITTEES Reference by speaker Unless otherwise ordered Rule 135 Upon the introduction of any bill or resolution or other matter requiring reference to a committee the Speaker shall as a matter of course and without debate commit the same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the House Limited debate only where instructions When motion is made to refer a bill or resolution to a committee other than the one to which it is referred by the Speaker no debate shall be permitted unless instructions are added Even when instructions are added no debate shall be permitted except that movant may speak to his motion not longer than five minutes and any one other member of the House may speak in opposition thereto for five minutes LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 227 All resolutions providing for appointment of committees of inquiry or investigation and any or Mattfrs all other resolutions not privileged except motions requiring y lor information from the Executive Department reference and any other Department of the State Government shall be referred by the Speaker to the appropriate committee unless by order of the House referred to some other committee Rule 136 No Committee of the Whole or other committee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendment recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendment relates No person shall write upon or mark upon the original bill in any manner No defacement Reporting amendments Rule 137 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly Form of the reasons for their dissent Each committee shall reports wherever practicable include with their report on each general bill or resolution a brief resume of the bill and the reasons for the action taken by the committee If the committee shall so order the Printing Clerk shall have such report printed and distrib reprt uted to the members of the House Rule 138 In cases where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill or Action on resolution the same shall be passed to a third rePrtreading without question If the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill or resolution the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee Provided that House and Senate bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up except by request of the Timelimit authors of such bill or resolution or some member to disagree 228 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Calendar Effect of agreement or disagreement Precedence of reports Committee of the Whole Forcing report after ten days Notice of the House which request must be made not later than adjournment of the next legislative day following the unfavorable committee report in such case the motion to disagree shall be placed on the calendar If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill or resolution shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill or resolution shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Rule 189 Where a bill or resolution has been referred to and reported by more than one committee or has been reported and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the House and m all cases the report of the Committee of the Whole House shall be first acted on by the House Rule 140 Whenever any bill or resolution has been referred to a committee and the committee has held the bill or resolution in the custody or control for ten days without reporting on same the author of such bill or resolution or any member of the House shall have the right immediately after the confirmation of the Journal to give notice that at the next regular meeting day of the House he will submit a motion instructing such committee to report such bill or resolution back to the House After which on the next regular meeting day of the House any member of the House immediately after the confirmation of the Journal may move to instruct such committee to report such bill or resolution back to the House It the motion is passed by twothirds of those voting if those voting constitute a quorum it shall be the duty of such committee to report such bill or resolution accordingly with or without recommendation as the case may be at the next regular meeting day Upon failure of said committee to LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 229 EBB Sfch HP E rsoIution accordingly the same shall automatically be returned to the House for consideration Debate on said motion to instruct Debate such committee to report such bill or resolution limited back to the House shall be limited to twenty minutes unless otherwise ordered by the House when such bill or resolution is so reported or returned to the House it may be referred or Recommitcommitted as other bills or resolutions ment Provided that any motion or resolution to set a special order or to change the order of business for any particular day which has been referred to Three days tne committee on Rules may be held in the on order of custody and control of such committee only three businessdays COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE Tpjffifi The Speaker may resolve the House cmittee of the Whole without a motion Speakers being made therefor whenever a bill or resolution resolving required by the rules of the House to be considered m the Committee of the Whole shall be in order for consideration on its third reading Rule 142 The House on motion of a member may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House by a majority of those voting provided that the total vote constitutes a quorum Provided that notice of intention to make such motion shall be given during the session of the preceding day Individual speeches on such motion shall be limited to three minutes If such notice shall not have been given the motion shall prevail if it shall receive the affirmative votes of twothirds of those votmg if the twothirds constitutes a majority of f11 SI the members elected to the House Provided further that whenever the House either by its own vote or by unanimous consent shall commit Houses resolving Notice Debate limits Renewal limited j 230 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Appropriations any bill or resolution to the Committee of the Whole House and subsequently a motion shall be made to resolve the House into a Committee of the Whole to consider such bill or resolution and such motion shall be lost the said motion shall not be again renewed but it shall be the duty of the Speaker to require the Clerk to read the bill or resolution again on the following days session under the order of introduction of new matter or reading of bills the first time and to refer such bill or resolution to the appropriate committee unless otherwise ordered by the House However for the consideration of the General Appropriation Bill the House may on motion of a member resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House by a majority of those voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum and no previous notice shall be necessary Speaker appoints chairman Rule 143 In forming a Committee of the Whole House the Speaker shall leave the Chair and a Chairman to preside in committee shall be appointed by the Speaker Quorum required Rule 144 The Committee of the Whole shall not proceed with the business before it whenever a vote on any question shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum is not present the Chairman of the Committee shall satisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the Committee and shall report the same to the Committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the Committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of the absence of a quorum to the House Consideration of bills Rule 145 In the Committee of the Whole bills shall be first read throughout by the Clerk and then again be read or debated by clauses or sec LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 231 tions leaving the title to be last considered unless otherwise ordered Rule 146 The Rules of the House shall be r observed by the Committee of the Whole so far as they may be applicable except that the Committee of the Whole can not refer a matter to any other committee it can not adjourn the previous question can not be enforced a motion to lay on the table or to indefinitely postpone shall not be in order a member may speak as often as he may obtain the floor no call of the House shall be in ctio order and votes shall not be taken by yeas and nays Rule 147 A motion to reconsider shall be in Reconsiderorder in the Committee of the Whole ation Rule 148 The Speaker may in the Committee of the Whole take part in the proceedings and he as well as all other members shall vote on all questions before the Committee unless excused No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed in the Committee of the Whole Speakers authority Voting Rule 149 In the Committee of the Whole any papers in the possession of the House may be p called for by any member and read by the Clerk Home rm for the information of the Committee unless the Committee shall otherwise order Rule 150 The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole shall have power to have the galleries or cfont1 lobbies cleared in case of any disorderly conduct er therein Rule 151 A Committee of the Whole House can not punish disorderly conduct of its members Report on but must report the same to the House for action misconductthereon 232 Limiting debate Recess Adjournment Completion of work Report to Speaker LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule 152 If at any time in the Committee of the Whole it shall be desired to close the debate or to limit the time allowed members for speaking the Committee may rise and report its desire to the House and the House shall take such action thereon as it may see fit by a resolution Said resolution shall apply only to the subjectmatter before said committee When said resolution has been agreed to or refused by the House the action of the House shall be deemed the sense of the Committee and the House may then on motion again resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole and continue the consideration of the subject Rule 153 In the event that a Committee of the Whole House at any sitting for want of time shall fail to complete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time rise report progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain Rule 154 A motion that the Committee rise report progress and ask leave to sit again may be made at any time when the movant can legitimately obtain the floor Such motion shall take precedence over all other motions and shall be decided without debate When it prevails the Committee shall immediately rise When the regular hour for adjournment of the House arrives the Committee shall automatically rise and the Speaker shall assume the Chair Rule 155 When the Committee of the Whole has disposed of bills resolutions or other measures before it by motion and question it shall rise and the Chairman shall be instructed to report the action of the Committee to the House At this point the Speaker shall resume his seat and the Chairman shall return to the floor and shall LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 233 state in substance as follows Mr Speaker the Committee of the Whole House has had under consideration naming what and has instructed me as its Chairman to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that the same do pass or do pass as amended or do not pass as the case may be The Speaker shall receive this report and repeat the same and the matter shall then be before the House for action just as though reported by any other committee Rule 156 Amendments offered to an amendment in the Committee of the Whole shall not be reported to the House but the report shall contain 11 of the Committees action on the bill resolution or measure under its consideration Rule 157 Amendments proposed by the Committee of the Whole may be amended or rejected by the House and matters stricken out by the Committee may be restored by the House 9 l58 The proceedings of the Committee of Whole shall not be recorded in the Journal of the House except so far as reported to the House by the Chairman of said Committee AMENDMENT Rule 159 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended towit 1st By inserting or adding words 2nd By striking out words 3rd By striking out and inserting words Speakers report Contents of report Action on report Journal entry Methods 234 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Limits An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not permissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Substitute Rule 160 A substitute shall be treated as an amendment in these rules unless it is clearly indicated otherwise Provided however for the purpose of amending a substitute a substitute shall not be treated as an amendment Form Rule 161 All motions to amend any matter before the House must be in writing They must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added Speaker to strike irrelevant amendments Rule 162 Any irrelevant amendment or amendment which is not germane to the subject under consideration shall be ruled out of order by the Speaker Limited to subject matter Rule 163 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment Blanks to be filled Rule 164 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend the proposition Order of perfection Rule 165 When a bill or resolution is before the House for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the House to perfect first the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 235 as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute Rule 166v When a motion is made to amend by striking out a part of a bill or resolution any amendment offered to perfect the part proposed to be stricken shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out Rule 167 On all questions whether in committee or in the House the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put Rule 168 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the House it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the House but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment Rule 169 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to which the bill or resolution under consideration was referred has been agreed to by the House unless said action of the House in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Rule 170 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Clerk shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended Priority of amendments Committee report amendments Not while agreement on committee report Clerks reading Rule 171 When a proposition consisting of r H several sections or resolutions is on a final reading by parts 236 Committee amendments automatic No recurring Precedence of action on Senate amendment Speakers power to rule out if not germane Clerks report LEGISLATIVE MANUAL and the House shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Clerk in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read But the amendments offered by the committee to which said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Clerk without any motion being made When a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur and amend it Rule 172 The questions which arise before the House respecting amendments by the Senate to a House bill or resolution are in order of precedence 1st A motion to agree to the Senate amendment 2nd A motion to disagree with the Senate amendment 3rd A motion to recede from the Houses disagreement or amendment 4th A motion to insist on the Houses disagreement or amendment The Speaker is authorized on his own motion or upon point of order being made when in his opinion a Senate amendment to a House bill is not germane to rule out such amendment The effect of such ruling of the Speaker if not appealed from or if appealed from and the appeal not sustained shall be the same as a vote of the House to disagree and the Clerk shall so report it to the Senate Such point of order shall take precedence over a motion to agree Provided that when any question of disagreement with the Senate arises the following motions LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 237 shall be in order at any time the movant can legally obtain the floor 1st a motion to insist upon the House position 2nd a motion to recede from the House position Debate thereon is limited as in the case of reconsideration These motions shall be put in the order listed subject to disposition by the House of any amendments affecting the matter in disagreement Rule 173 A motion to amend an amendment made by the Senate to a House bill or resolution takes precedence over a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment Rule 174 When any bill or resolution which originated in the House has been amended in the Senate and is before the House for action on the Senate amendment an amendment may be offered in the House to the Senate amendment but the House amendment to the Senate amendment cannot be further amended It must be agreed to or voted down Rule 175 A Senate amendment to a House bill or resolution must be adopted by the vote required to pass the bill resolution or matter under consideration Any rule contravening the letter or spirit of this Rule is hereby repealed Rule 176 Whenever any member moves that a Committee of Conference be appointed on disagreeing votes or other matters of he two houses and said motion prevails the Speaker shall appoint three 3 members for the Committee who voted m the majority on the position assumed by the House on the passage of the bill or resolution if such vote has been had Disagreement motions Debate limited Precedence of amendment Limits on amendment Adoption of Senate amendment Conference Committee Appointment on motion 238 Consideration Recommenda tions Report Discharge Last five days of session Distribution of report Adoption of report LEGISLATIVE MANUAL The Committee of Conference may consider the whole subject matter embraced in a bill resolution or other matter before it and may recommend rescission by either house new amendments new bills and resolutions or other germane changes unless instructed otherwise by the House on motion before the members of the Conference Committee are appointed A report of a Committee of Conference must be approved by a majority vote of the entire membership of the Committee before the report may be transmitted to either the Senate or the House After a Committee of Conference has been in existence for five 5 days and has failed to make a report to the House on the question under consideration the House on motion and by a majority vote of all members elected to the House may discharge the House conferees and appoint new conferees instruct said House conferees or make any other motion not contrary to the rules of the House Provided that during the last five 5 days of the session the above motions may be made and passed at any time but not more often than every three 3 hours All Conference Committee reports shall be printed and distributed to the Representatives prior to consideration of the same unless the printing of the same be dispensed with by a majority vote of all members elected to the House All Conference Committee reports must be adopted by the vote required to pass the bill resolution or matter under consideration LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 239 PREVIOUS QUESTION Rule 177 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill Rule 178 Any member may call for a division of the question on a subject which in the opinion of the presiding officer is one which may be divided Rule 179 The member calling for a division must state what definite parts and how many he would have the question divided into Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself as a consistent and entire unit A qualifying paragraph an exception or a proviso if taken from that to which it belongs would not contain a distinct or entire proposition A motion to strike out and insert is an indivisible proposition Rule 180 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence over all other motions except a motion to adjourn or to lay on the table Neither of said motions shall be made more than once until after the previous question has been exhausted When it is moved the first question shall be Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority of those voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum and the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative by Subject matter Call for division Distinct parts No debate on motion Precedence Form of questions Vote 240 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Main question Adjournment Reconsidera tion Debate Committee Introducer Others One time a majority of those voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum all other motions except one to reconsider the action in ordering the main question will be out of order and the House cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives But no motion to reconsider the action of the House in ordering the main question shall be in order after the Clerk has called the first name on call of the yeas and nays and the vote of any member has been given or the Speaker has unlocked the rollcall system for voting or after a division of the House has been had on the vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced in such cases the rollcall shall be completed the vote counted and the result finally announced Rule 181 When the previous question has been ordered the House shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed ta close the debate to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration If the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such members as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule This rule shall not be construed to allow the twenty minutes above referred to to be used more than once on any bill or measure and then on the final passage of the bill or measure LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 241 In all cases where a minority committee report has been submitted on any matter if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report Rule 182 A call of the House shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the Speaker that a quorum is not present Rule 183 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate Rule 184 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the House to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved Rule 185 After the main question has been ordered a motion to reconsider this action will if adopted have the effect to repeal the ordering of both the main question and the previous question and will leave the pending measure again open to debate and amendment The motion to reconsider the ordering of the main question can be made only once and if lost or if the main question is again subsequently ordered on the pending measure no second motion to reconsider the ordering of the main question shall be entertained If minority committee report No call unless no quorum No debate on incidental questions Effect of main question Effect of reconsideration Limits on reconsideration 242 Requirements for law Journal General requirement Time for Speakers question Requiring division LEGISLATIVE MANUAL VOTING Rule 186 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the Journal Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XVI Rule 187 In the event no specific vote is provided in these rules for the passage of any resolution motion or measure which will not become a law the vote for such passage must be bv at least a constitutional majority of members elected to the House unless enacted by unanimous consent Rule 188 No member shall be permitted to cast his vote on any motion resolution amendment bill or other question until the question is put to the House by the Speaker by viva voce vote or division of the House or until after the roll call has begun Rule 189 The Speakers method of stating a question or any motion after the same has been read to the House by the Clerk shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye those opposed will say No When a decision seems doubtful to the Speaker or when a division of the House is called for by any one member of the House the Speaker shall call upon the members in favor of the motion to rise After a count is had by the Clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their positions and the Speaker shall announce the result LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 243 Rule 190 When less than a quorum vote on anv subject under consideration by the House the Speaker may order the doors of the House to be closed and the roll of members called by the Clerk 11 electnc rHcall system If it is ascertained that a quorum Eg present either by answering to IHBH or by ther Presence in the House the retusal of any member present to vote unless excused shall be deemed a contempt of the House Roll call to determine quorum Vote required Rule 191 After the main question is ordered any member may call for a division of the House m taking the vote or may call for the veas and MMBlB Billthe yeas and nays is sustained 1 the members voting the vote shall theouSiaf the yeaS and nayS and SO entered on Call for division or yeas and nays Journal Rule 192 A motion for the call of the nays shall be decided without debate yeas and No debate on motion for yeas and nays rifle 0n the call of the yeas and nays th S Vha11read the names of the members afte nermitlld6 111 IBl and no member shall b permitted to change his vote unless he at tha ime declares that he voted under a mistake of th question When the electric rollcall system is used this rule shall not be applicable Clerks call Changed vote Electric rollcall Rule 194 When the question is put ever member within the hall shall vote unless he i immediately and particularly interested therein o unless he is excused by the House A motion t excuse a member from voting must be mad before the House divides or before the call of th yeas and nays is commenced and it shall b makW JTlthout debate except that the membe making the motion may briefly state the reasoi why m his opinion it should prevail Vote required Excuse time and debate 244 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Not if interest Rule 195 No member shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is immediately and particularly interested In every case where the seat of a member is being contested the sitting Contesting seats member and the contestant shall both retire from the House before the vote is taken No pairing Rule 196 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not voting No vote for another Rule 197 No member or person shall vote for or attempt to vote for another member on any question or proposition Violation of this rule shall be deemed to be disorderly behavior and subject to punishment as provided by the Constitution and Rules of the House Explanation Rule 198 No member shall be permitted to explain his vote during a roll call but he may reduce his explanation to writing in not more than 200 words If this writing is filed with the Clerk on the same day as the roll call the writing shall be spread upon the Journal No debate during yeas and nays Rule 199 During the calling or reading of yeas and nays on any question no debate shall be had Verification Rule 200 Verification of a roll call vote may be dispensed with only by unanimous consent the Speaker shall not entertain a motion to that effect When the electric rollcall system is used no verification of the roll call vote is required Electric rollcall Rule 201 In all rules providing for the taking of yeas and nays the electric rollcall system shall be used and shall have the force and effect of a rollcall taken as provided in these rules except the Speaker may order the Clerk to take a viva voce rollcall unless otherwise ordered by the LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 245 Speakers use of viva voce call House In the event the electric rollcall system is out of operating order the Speaker shall order a viva voce rollcall On all other questions or propositions the Speaker may in his discretion order a rollcall on the electric rollcall system or a HouseCe rn CaI1 UnleSS otherwise ordered by the When the House is ready to vote upon a question requiring a rollcall and the vote is to be by electric rollcall the Speaker shall state The Method for question is on designating the matter to be voted electric upon All m favor of such question shall vote rolIcalL M 11 opposed shall vote No The Speaker shall then unlock the voting machine When sufficient time has elapsed for each member to vote the Speaker shall ask Have all members voted and after a short pause shall ask Does any member desire to change his vote before the machine is locked I The EnSII shall tllen lck the machine and state The Clerk will now take the vote After the machine is locked by the Speaker no member I may change his vote and the votes of tardy NoIatevotes members will not be recorded The Clerk shall count the votes and the Speaker shall then announce the results Rule 202 Each member shall vote from his own seat when the yeas and nays are taken by the HUBS rH call and during such a vote no person shah be allowed upon the floor of the House except the members and attaches thereof Rule 203 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both houses for the passage of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XIX Vote from seat Journal record of yeas and nays 246 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Consideration and veto Overriding Dividing appropriations Rule 204 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal Ga Const art Ill sec VII par VI Rule 205 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting GOVERNORS ACTION Rule 206 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding his veto and if any bills should not be returned by the Governor within five day Sundays excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return in which event the Governor shall have thirty days Sundays excepted from the date of adjournment in which to approve the same and if not approved within that time the same shall become a law He may approve any appropriation and veto any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual until passed by twothirds of each House Whenever such Bill has been vetoed by the Governor it shall be the duty of the Governor to transmit such Bill to the presiding officer of the Branch of the General Assembly in which it originated together with a list of reasons if any for such veto Such transmission shall be made within thirtyfive 35 days Sundays excepted from the date of the adjournment of the Session of the General Assembly at which such Bill was LEGISLATIVE MANUAL passed Siieh Bill may be considered by the Branch oi the General Assembly in which it originated at any time within the first ten 10 days of the next regular Session of the General Assembly for the purpose of overriding the action of the Governor In the event the action of the Governor is overndden by twothirds of the votes of such Branch of the General Assembly the same shall be immediately transmitted by the Secretary of or the Clerk of such Branch of the General Assembly 1 HwM of the General Assembly It shall be the duty of the presiding officer of such other Branch of the General Assembly upon receiving such Bill to dispense with all business that is then being considered and to then and there consider and act upon such Bill for the purpose of overriding the action of the Governor In the event D fthe Governor is overriding by twothirds of the votes of such Branch of the General Assembly such Bill shall become law In SHIM Branch of the General Assembly should fail to override the Governors action on a Bill such Bill shall not again be presented to the General Assembly of Georgia for the purpose of overriding the action of the Governor In the event gmjffil 1S enacted into law pursuant to the terms of this paragraph the effective date of such bill shall be on the date that such bill was acted upon Zon 8uBchZl 01 the Genera ASSemWy last Provided however that any bills that are vetoed by the Governor after the adjournment of the regular session of the General Assembly immediately preceding the general election in which the Governor is elected shall not be subject to be overridden by the next regular session of the Leneral Assembly Ga Const art V sec I par XV 248 Subject matter Not constitutional amendments Signature required Exceptions Appointment LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule 207 Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each house provided however that nothing contained in this Article shall be construed to confer on the Governor the right to veto or enter his disapproval of any proposal made by the General Assembly to amend the Constitution Ga Const art V sec I par XVI Rule 208 No provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto to submit constitutional amendments and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XXI COMMITTEE ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING Rule 209 The Speaker shall appoint the following standing committees 1 Agriculture and Consumer Affairs 2 Appropriations 3 Banks and Banking 4 Defense and Veterans Affairs 5 Education 6 Game Fish and Recreation 7 Health and Ecology 8 Highways 9 Human Relations and Aging 10 Industrial Relations LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 249 11 Industry 12 Insurance 13 Interstate Cooperation 14 Journals 15 Judiciary 16 Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment 17 Motor Vehicles 18 Natural Resources 19 Retirement 20 Rules 21 Special Judiciary 22 State Institutions and Property 23 State Planning and Community Affairs 4 State of Republic 25 Temperance 26 University System of Georgia 27 Ways and Means No member of the House shall be appointed to or serve on less than two 2 or more than three standing committees of the House with the exception of the Committee on Interstate Cooperation The Speaker shall be an ex officio member of ail standing committees of the House but shall nave no vote as an ex officio member except on the Committee on Rules The Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Committee on Appropriations shall be ex officio members of the Committee on Ways and Means and the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means shall be ex officio members of the Committee on Appropriations The Speaker shall appoint a Chairman a Vice Chairman and a Secretary for all standing committees and for all subcommittees created by him the Majority Leader and the Minority Leader shall Membership limits Ex officio members Appointment of officers LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 250 be members of the Rules Committee Each such Leader must be certified as such by his Party Caucus Chairman to the Speaker of the House and to the Clerk of the House Rule 210 After the announcement of the standing committees no other members shall be Vacancies placed thereon except that when members have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the Speaker may assign said members to such committees as he may see fit and he may iill any vacancy in the offices of Chairman Vice Chairman or Secretary Organization Calling meetings Vice Chairmans power Control of subcommittees Minutes Committee meetings open to public Rule 211 Each committee or subcommittee shall first meet upon the call of the Chairman and perfect its organization After the organizational meeting each committee or subcommittee shall meet upon the call of its Chairman provided that the Vice Chairman may call a meeting o the committee or subcommittee if he obtains a certificate from the Speaker certifying that the Chairman is incapacitated or if he is directed in writing by the Chairman to so call the meeting to consider such measures as specified by the Chairman All subcommittees shall be subject to the will of their parent standing committees and the officers thereof No bill shall be reported to the House until it has been acted upon by the full standing committee and all actions of any subcommittee shall be approved or disapproved by the standing committee The Secretary of each standing committee or subcommittee shall keep minutes of the meetings of the committee or subcommittee as directed by the Chairman These records shall be available to any member of the House and shall be matters of public record Except as hereinafter provided all meetings of any committee or subcommittee of the House including interim committees with the exception LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 251 of the Committee on Rules when fixing the Calendar shall be open to the public Provided however when a Conference Committee has been appointed and has begun meeting if two Senate members of the committee and two House members of the committee shall decide that the effiency of the committee is being impeded or the committee is unable to make sound fiscal recomm resulting from public meetings a report of this decision shall be made by the House 1B9BS House The full House shall elertPJ indTTlf a majority of the members IWHBl the House vote to adopt said report the Conference Committee shall continue its de liberations in Executive Session The Conference Committee may establish rules for the cond t of BB1M1in B9ct with the provisions ruf By a majority vote of a quorum of the committee or subcommittee a meeting mav committeeis60 When the committee or subcommittee is 1 discussing the future acauisi ton f real estate or 2 dilcussingThe appoint disciplinary action or dismissal oi a public officer or employee or 3 hearing complaints or charges brought against a public officer or employee unless the officer or empubHc reqUests that the meeting be open to the Rule 212 The Journals Committee shall ha expensesas a tenryfCifint f any member H Expense f s a committeeman or any account account to prescribed by a member for any expense incurred uditilg m discharge of any duty as a member of th Committee staemeidosuclf ohoiemben itemized buitement o such account supported bv nroner vouchers for each item of said account forinthis anH1tiiefi1CerSriandmiloyees Prvided Auditing for ik S a Prfcedmg Chapter shall be paid Committee for their services by the State Treasurer only upon EcPS 252 Speaker to certify accounts Joint committee on financing to examine State accounts legislative manual the approval of their accounts by the Auditing c mmitto of the Senate and Honse of Kepresentatives Ga Code Ann sec 47304 Rule 214 The compensation due to the officers and members of theGeneral AssemWy shall be certified bv the President of the Senate ana Snelker of the House of Representatives respectivelyupon the report of the Auditmg Committee SRIH state Treasurer who afterwards shall pay fach mlmbVwho shall present his account duly audited Ga Code Ann sec 47110 Rule 215 It is part of the duty of the joint standing committee on finance to examine the account and vouchers of the Comptroller General and State Treasurer as to a11 moeys fglt fisll and naid out of the treasury during the last tiscal vearPto compare the warrants drawn during that period with the several laws by authority of which thev purport to be drawn to examine into the other accounts and books of nmint the money on hand at the time oi tne examination and to examine the annual reports made bv said officers to see if they are sustainea bv the true condition of their offices nnd rep the result to each branch of the General Assembly aa Code Ann sec 47601 No disparagement in nomination Viva voce vote ELECTION AND INAUGURATION OF GOVERNOR Rule 216 In nominating candidates for any vrrr rrtkor candidate shall be disparaged Rule 217 All elections Assembly shall be viva voce by the General and the vote shall LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 253 appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of election they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the results Ga Const art Ill sec X par I Rule 218 In all elections a majority of the members voting provided the total vote constitutes a quorum must make the choice Rule 219 The returns for every election of Governor shall be sealed up by the managers separately from other returns and directed to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives and transmitted to the Secretary of State who shall without opening said returns cause the same to be laid before the Senate on the day after the two houses shall have been organized and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives The members of each branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives shall open and publish the returns in the presence and under the direction of the General Assembly and the person having the majority of the whole number of votes shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State but if no person shall have such majority then from the two persons having the highest number of votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed for the General Assembly to elect the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor viva voce and in all cases of election of a Governor by the General Assembly a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice Ga Const art V sec I pars Ill and IV Journal entry Meet in House President presides Vote required Actions on returns for Governors election 254 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Inauguration First week Oath Rule 220 The General Assembly in joint session of the Senate and House of Representatives shall open and publish the returns of the election for Governor as provided by Article V of the Constitution of the State and shall determine all questions relating thereto including any contested election and any question as to the eligibility or qualifications of the person elected Governor and shall at the time provided by section 40103 inaugurate as Governor the person determined by the General Assembly to have been elected or the person elected by the General Assembly as provided by the Constitution Ga Code Ann sec 401041 Rule 221 The Governor shall begin the discharge of his duties from the time of his inauguration The ceremony of inauguration shall take place during the first week of the session of the General Assembly next after the election and on such day of that week as the General Assembly by joint resolution shall appoint On failure of appointment it shall take place at 12 oclock meridian on Saturday of that week unless prevented by providential cause Ga Code Ann sec 40103 Rule 222 The oath prescribed by the ninth Paragraph of the first section of the fifth Article of the Constitution of this State shall be taken by the Governorelect in the presence of the General Assembly in joint session of the Senate and House of Representatives Upon so taking the oath the Governorelect shall become Governor Ga Code Ann sec 40104 Rule 223 The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of his office take the following oath LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 255 or affirmation I do solemnly or affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor of the State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America Ga Const art V sec I par IX Rule 224 The fact of such inauguration of the Governor shall be entered upon the journal of the House of Representatives and shall be conclusive evidence of his right and title to the office and of his eligibility and qualification Ga Code Ann sec 401042 Rule 225 Contested elections shall be determined by both houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law Ga Const art V sec I par V CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS Rule 226 An amendment to this Constitution may be proposed by a resolution in the Senate or the House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each branch of the General Assembly such proposed amendment shall be entered on the journals of each branch with the Ayes and Nays taken thereon Any proposed amendment may be repealed or amended by the same General Assembly if done so at least two months prior to the date of the election at which such proposed amendment is to be submitted The Governor the Attorney General and the Secretary of State shall meet and determine whether a proposed amendment is general and if Journal entry Contested elections Resolution Vote Journal entry Repeal or amendment 256 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Approval Language of proposal Separate proposals not general shall determine what political subdivision or subdivisions are directly affected by such proposed amendment If a proposed amendment is general the Governor shall cause such proposed amendment to be published in full once each week for three consecutive weeks immediately preceding the date of the election at which such proposed amendment is submitted in one newspaper of general circulation in each Congressional District of the State If such proposed amendment is not general the Governor shall cause such proposed amendment to be published in full in one newspaper of general circulation in each county in which the directly affected political subdivision or subdivisions are located In the event no such newspaper is located in such county a newspaper in an adjoining county shall be used Any proposed amendment which is general shall be submitted to the people of the entire State at the next general election at which members of the General Assembly are elected and if ratified by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment shall become a part of this Constitution A proposed amendment which is not general shall only be submitted to the people of the political subdivision or subdivisions directly affected The votes of the electors in each political subdivision affected shall be counted separately in determining whether such proposed amendment is ratified and it must be ratified by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon in each such political subdivision before it shall become a part of this Constitution The General Assembly in the resolution shall state the language to be used in submitting the proposed amendment When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 257 enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately Ga Const art XIII sec I par I Rule 227 No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all members of each house of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable This Constitution shall not be revised amended or changed by the Convention until the proposed revision amendment or change has been submitted and ratified by the people in the manner provided for submission and ratification of amendments proposed by the General Assembly Ga Const art XIII sec I par II Rule 228 The Governor shall not have the right to veto any proposal by the General Assembly to amend the Constitution Ga Const art XIII sec I par Ill APPROPRIATIONS CLAIMS AND FINANCE Rule 229 No money shall be drawn from the Treasury except by appropriation made by law Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XI Rule 230 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Ga Const art Ill sec VII par X Convention No veto Appropriations required Origination in House 258 Resolutions treated the same Budget Introduction through Speaker LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule 231 All resolutions which may appropriate money out of any fund shall be treated in all respects in the manner of introduction and procedure as bills they shall originate in the House of Representatives and shall receive three readings previous to their passage but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in case of bills Ga Code Ann sec 47503 Rule 232 Within seven days after the convening of the General Assembly the Governor shall submit to the General Assembly in printed form a budget covering the ensuing two fiscal years The budget shall contain a complete plan of proposed expenditures and actual revenues and expenditures for each of the particular fiscal years to which it relates If the proposed expenditures for either fiscal year shall exceed the estimated revenues therefor the Governor shall recommend the sources from which the additional revenues shall be provided The Governor shall submit to each House of the General Assembly at the same time he submits his budget 1 printed copies of a budget message containing any explanation or comments he may desire to make as to the important features of the budget and 2 printed copies of a tentative bill for all appropriations under the budget clearly and properly classified for each fiscal year in the ensuing biennial period The presiding office of the House of Representatives shall cause said bill to be promptly introduced therein and such bill shall be known as the budget bill Before final action thereon by the General Assembly the Governor may amend or supplement the budget to correct an oversight or in case of an emergency with the consent of the General Assembly by delivering such an amendment or supplement to the presiding officer of LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 259 each House The appropriation for each department officer bureau board commission agency or institution receiving and expending State moneys may be by lump sum in which shall be distinguished for each fiscal year the amount appropriated to be expended for maintenance and operation and the amount appropriated to be expended for capital improvements andor fixed charges Ga Code Ann sec 40403 Rule 233 The General Appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and for support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Ga Const art Ill sec VII par IX Rule 234 All general appropriation bills in addition to the customary itemized statements of the amounts appropriated for the usual expenses of the executive legislative and judicial departments of the Government and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State shall contain also a like itemized statement of all amounts appropriated by any previous law to be paid annually out of the treasury and such amounts so appropriated by previous laws shall not be paid from the treasury unless they are embraced in the general appropriation Act Ga Code Ann sec 47502 Rule 235 Except as hereinafter provided the appropriation for each department officer bureau Separation of classes of expenditures Contents of General Appropriation Bill Required itemization of past appropriations Specific sum not fund 260 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Motor fuel taxes to highways Emergency board commission agency or institution for which appropriation is made shall be for a specific sum of money and no appropriation shall allocate to any object the proceeds of any particular tax or fund or a part or percentage thereof An amount equal to all money derived from motor fuel taxes received by the State Treasurer in each of the immediately preceding fiscal years less the amount of refunds rebates and collection costs authorized by law is hereby appropriated for the fiscal year beginning July 1 of each year following for all activities incident to providing and maintaining an adequate system of public roads and bridges in this State as authorized by laws enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia and for grants to counties for aid in county road construction and maintenance as provided by law authorizing the State Treasurer to make such grants Such sum is hereby appropriated for and shall be available for the aforesaid purposes regardless of whether the General Assembly enacts a General Appropriations Act and said sum need not be specifically stated in any General Appropriations Acts passed by the General Assembly in order to be available for such purposes However this shall not preclude the General Assembly from appropriating for such purposes an amount greater than the sum specified above for such purposes The expenditure of such funds shall be subject to all the rules regulations and restrictions imposed on the expenditure of appropriations by provisions of the Constitution and laws of this State unless such provisions are in conflict with the provisions of this paragraph And provided however that the proceeds of the tax hereby appropriated shall not be subject to budgetary reduction In the event of invasion of this State by land sea or air or in case of a major catastrophe so proclaimed by the Governor said funds may be utilized for defense or relief purposes on the Executive Order of the LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 261 Governor The provisions of this amendment shall become effective July 1 1961 Ga Const art VII sec IX par IV Rule 236 To the end that all expenses of the State may be brought within the budget the budget appropriations bill shall also contain a specific sum as a contingent or emergency appropriation The manner of the allocation of such contingent or emergency appropriation shall be as follows Any department commission board institution or other agency of the State desiring an allotment out of such emergency appropriation shall upon forms prescribed by him present such request in writing to the Director of the Budget with such information as he may require and the Director may allow or disallow the request in his discretion Ga Code Ann sec 40408 Rule 237 Neither House shall consider other appropriation bills until the budget bill shall have been finally adopted by both Houses and approved by the Governor and no such other appropriation bills shall be valid except in accordance with the following provisions 1 Every such appropriation bill shall be embodied in a separate bill limited to some single work object or purpose therein stated and called herein a supplementary appropriation bill 2 No supplementary appropriation shall be available unless and until the revenue necessary to pay such appropriation shall have been provided by a tax laid and collected for such purpose unless it shall appear from such budget that there is sufficient revenue available and any unused portion of any such supplemental appropriation shall be paid into the general treasury Ga Code Ann sec 40406 Contingent appropriation Budget Bill first Supplemental appropriations 262 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule 238 In addition to the appropriations made by the General Appropriation Act and amendments thereto the General Assembly may make additional appropriations by Acts which shall be known as supplementary appropriation Acts provided no such supplementary appropriation shall be available unless there is an unappropriated surplus in the State Treasury or the revenue necessary to pay such appropriation shall have been provided by a tax laid for such purpose and collected into the General Fund of the State Treasury Neither House shall pass a Supplementary Appropriation Bill until the General Appropriation Act shall have been finally adopted by both Houses and approved by the Governor Ga Const art VII sec IX par Ill Appropriation book for chairman of Appropriations Committee Safekeeping by Secretary of State Rule 239 The clerk of the House of Representatives shall provide out of the contingent fund of the House of Representatives a wellbound book which he shall deliver to the chairman of the appropriations committee of the House as soon as such chairman shall be appointed and said chairmen shall enter or cause to be entered in such book in the order of their introduction all bills seeking directly or indirectly to obtain appropriations from the State treasury with a brief statement of the contents of such bill together with the number thereof the name of the introducer and any other facts developed before the committee that will throw any light on the nature of the legislation proposed by the bill After the adjournment of the General Assembly said chairman shall deposit said book with the Secretary of State who shall deliver the same to each successive chairman of said committee as soon as he shall have been appointed Ga Code Ann sec 47501 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 263 Rule 240 All proceedings touching the appropriating of money shall be considered in the Committee of the Whole House Rule 241 The Governor and such representatives of the departments officers commissions agencies and institutions expending or applying for State moneys as have been designated by the Governor for this purpose shall have the right and when requested by the General Assembly it shall be their duty to appear and be heard with respect to any budget bill during the consideration thereof and to answer inquiries relative thereto Ga Code Ann sec 40405 Rule 242 The General Assembly may amend the budget bill in any way it may deem desirable provided such amendments do not create a deficit Ga Code Ann sec 40404 Rule 243 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each house are recorded Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XII Rule 244 Whenever there shall be regularly introduced in either branch of the General Assembly by a member thereof a resolution or bill seeking compensation or reimbursement from the State of Georgia or any of its departments or agencies for any person who has been injured or damaged from whatsoever cause alleged and claimed the clerk of the House of Representatives oretary of the Senate as the case may be shall forthwith transmit a certified copy of such resolution or bill to the chairman of the State Highway Board director of the Department of Consideration by Committee of the Whole Hearings Amendment Recording of yeas and nays Action on claims Clerks duty 264 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Notice of hearing Public Health and Secretary of State Immediately after such resolution or bill has been received the chairman of the State Highway Board director of Public Health and Secretary of State shall set a date for a hearing which shall be held as soon as practicable and shall notify the member of the General Assembly who introduced the resolution or bill the person for whose benefit the same was introduced the Attorney General and such other persons as the said board deems necessary including such persons as the said members of the General Assembly shall request in writing to the board to be so notified the time and place of such hearing Ga Code Ann sec 47504 Hearing Rule 245 The chairman of the State Highway Board director of the Department of Public Health and Secretary of State shall hear the sworn evidence concerning the matter at issue Findings and shall prepare a statement of the findings of the relevant and material facts presented to said board together with their determination of the merits of the matter and their recommendation as to the payment of the compensation or reimbursement being sought This statement of the findings of the facts determination and recommendations shall be immediately transmitted to the chairman of the committee of the House of Report to committee Representatives or Senate as the case may be to which the resolution or bill was referred for consideration Ga Code Ann sec 47505 Committee consideration required Rule 246 The chairman of the committee to which such resolution or bill was referred upon introduction when receiving the findings determination and recommendation of the chairman of the State Highway Board director of the Department of Public Health and Secretary of State LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 265 shall immediately call a meeting of such committee which committee shall read and study the findings determination and recommendation of said board and shall then decide whether or not to recommend to the House of Representatives or Senate as the case may be that said resolution or bill shall or shall not pass Thereafter such resolution or bill shall take the usual course of procedure as any other resolution or bill as provided by law and the rules of the House of Representatives or Senate as the case may be Ga Code Ann sec 47506 Rule 247 The findings of facts determination and recommendation of the chairman of the State Highway Board director of the Department of Public Health and Secretary of State relative to the matter shall not be considered in any way as binding on the committee to which said resolution or bill was referred for consideration or upon the members of the House of Representatives or Senate but shall be treated as advisory only Ga Code Ann sec 47507 Rule 248 All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of the State shall specify the purpose for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for the purpose specified and for no other Ga Const art VII sec Ill par Ill RULES Rule 249 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies Report to House Finding advisory only Specified borrowing purpose Control if rules do not cover 266 Rules variations to rules committee Suspension by unanimous consent Required report Contest LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule 250 No suspension of or change in or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition or suspension be first referred in writing to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the House Provided that the rules may be suspended by unanimous consent of the House without referral to the Committee on Rules Immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day following the introduction in the House of the proposed suspension of change in or addition to these rules the Committee on Rules shall report the same back to the House A failure to so report such proposed suspension change or addition within two days shall automatically bring said proposed suspension change or addition before the House for consideration Rule 251 Contests a In case a contest is filed to the seating of any person elected as a member of this Body the oath of office shall not be administered to such person nor shall he be recognized as a member of this Body until the House hds resolved said contest A contest will be received by the Clerk and reported to the Body when it convenes b In case of an election to fill a vacancy if this Body is not in session the oath of office shall not be administered to the person elected nor shall such person be recognized as a member of this Body for a period of ten days after the certification of his election to the Clerk of the House If during said ten day period a contest is filed to the seating of such person the Clerk of the House shall report the same to the Speaker who shall refer the same to the standing Rules Committee of the House Said committee shall convene as soon as practicable and after notifying the person whose seating is contested shall proceed to resolve said contest and file its action with the Clerk The LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 267 action of the committee shall be considered the action of the House until it next convenes at which time it shall affirm or reverse the committee or take such other action thereon as it sees fit c In all contests the person whose seat is contested shall have notice and opportunity to be heard the right of counsel and the right to compulsory process for the production of evidence in his behalf d Contests will only be received or recognized by the Clerk when filed by a person duly certified as having been elected to this House or by a person who was a candidate for such contested seat in the election held to fill the same provided however no person may file a contest to more than one seat RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN IN JOINT SESSION 1 The Senate and House of Representatives mee n joint session in the Hall of the House of Representatives as soon as possible after the start of the session at such time as may be fixed hy joint resolution of both houses for the purpose of electing such officers of the State as are now or may hereafter be required to be elected by the General Assembly Said joint session shall continue m morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of said officers are elected 2 The time of the meeting of the two houses m joint session shall be determined otherwise by concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law Immediate election meeting in House Time of meetings LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 268 Elections in House President presides Method of meeting Presidents powers Succession Speakers seat Quorum Duty of clerk Journal Filing papers When the Senate and the House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall preside and declare the result 3 At the hour determined by the concurrent resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Representatives 4 The President of the Senate shall preside and announce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly In the absence of the President of the Senate the Speaker of the House shall preside in the absence of both the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House the President pro tempore of the Senate shall preside in absence of the three last named the Speaker pro tempore of the House shall preside 5 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate 6 A majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session 7 When there is a meeting of both branches of the General Assembly in one chamber said secretary and clerk shall be present and join in the discharge of the duties required and shall enter the proceedings on the journals of each House Ga Code Ann sec 47205 8 The secretary of the Senate and the clerk of the House of Representatives shall within 10 days after the adjournment of each session file in LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 269 proper order all the papers and documents of their respective Houses Ga Code Ann sec 47206 9 The records papers and documents thus filed shall be delivered to the Secretary of State who upon receipt of the same shall certify that such secretary and clerk have respectively complied with said requisition and the State Treasurer shall not pay their respective salaries until such certificate shall be produced Ga Code Ann sec 47207 10 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order to second such nomination When the nomination is declared closed the President shall forthwith order the rollcall and each member when called shall rise in his seat and respond promptly announcing distinctly his choice for such office 11 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order 12 The election in joint session shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives The votes are to be taken for but one election at one time and a majority of the whole number of votes cast is necessary for a choice 13 In the elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote unless he rises and states in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote had been recorded by mistake 14 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That Delivery of papers to Secretary of State No second of nomination Vote Debate Viva voce vote on Journal One election at a time Change of vote Dissolution 270 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Not during rollcall the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence over the former 15 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the rollcall has commenced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate Renewal 16 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened 17 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber Amendment of rules 18 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or any of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal of its consent to the same LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 271 APPENDIX SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS Al Appointment Ga Const art Ill sec II par I The Senate shall consist of not more than fiftyfour members and there shall be not more than fiftyfour Senatorial Districts with one Senator from each District as now constituted or as hereafter created The various Senatorial Districts shall be comprised of the Counties as now provided and the General Assembly shall have authority to create rearrange and change these Districts within the limitations herein stated Ga Const art Ill sec Ill par I The House of Representatives shall consist of representatives apportioned among the several counties of the State as follows To the eight counties having the largest population three representatives each to the thirty counties having the next largest population two representatives each and to the remaining counties one representative each Ga Const art Ill sec Ill par II The above apportionment shall be changed by the General Assembly at its first session after each census taken by the United States Government in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph I of Section III of this Article A2 Appointments to Keep Order and for Other Special Purposes Ga Code Ann sec 47112 When it shall be necessary to carry into effect Section VII of Article III of the Constitution 21901 punishment for misconduct 21902 punishment for contempt or for any like purpose either the President of the Senate or the Speaker of the House of Representatives may appoint any person to execute the orders of the House over which he presides and the warrant of the presiding officer which appointee may receive for the service such compensation as the General Assembly may appropriate Parenthetical material above added 272 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL A3 Confirmation of Appointments The Georgia Constitution provides for the confirmation by the Senate of the Governors appointment of several State boards See Ga Const art V sec I par XI State Board of Pardons and Paroles art V sec IV par I State Game and Fish Commission art V sec V par I Board of Corrections art V sec VI par I State Department of Veterans Service and Veterans Service Board art VIII sec II par I State Board of Education art VIII sec V par I Board of Regents of the University System and art XIV sec I par I state Personnel Board The Georgia statutes provide for some additional confirmations Ga Const art V sec I par XIV A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter A4 County Consolidation Ga Const art XI sec I par IV The General Assembly shall have power with the concurrence of twothirds of the qualified voters of each of the counties to be affected who purticipate in elections held for that purpose to provide for the consolidation of two or more counties into one or the merger of one or more counties into another or the division of a county and the merger of portions thereof into other counties A5 County Site Change Ga Const art XI sec I par IX No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and by a majority vote of the General Assembly A6 Election of Presidential ElectorsSee Ga Code Ann sec 342503 A7 Election of State Auditor Ga Code Ann sec 401801 The Department of Audits and LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 273 Accounts is hereby created and established the head of said Department shall be an experienced auditor and accountant with not less than five years experience as an accountant in the State Department of Audits1 and Accounts or in a governmental agency of a similar nature or shall be a duly certified public accountant with at least five years practical experience in the duties for which he is certified and who when named or elected as hereafter prescribed and qualified shall be known and designated as State Auditor The State Auditor shall be elected by the General Assembly in the following manner A joint resolution which shall fix a definite time for the nomination and election of the State Auditor may be introduced in either branch of the General Assembly Upon passage of said resolution by a majority vote of the membership of the Senate and House of Representatives it shall be the duty of the Speaker of the House of Representatives to call for the nomination and election of the State Auditor at the time specified in the resolution at which time the name of the qualified person receiving a majority vote of the membership of the House of Representatives shall be transmitted to the State Senate for confirmation Upon the qualified person receiving a majority vote of the membership of the Senate he shall be declared the duly elected State Auditor and the Governor of the State of Georgia shall be notified of his election by the Secretary of the Senate The Governor is directed to administer the oath of office to the State Auditor and to furnish the State Auditor with a properly executed commission of office certifying his election The term of office of the State Auditor shall continue until a successor is elected as provided herein In the event of a vacancy in the position of State Auditor at a time when the General Assembly is not in session it shall be the duty of the Governor of the State of Georgia and he is hereby empowered and directed to appoint a State Auditor possessing the qualifications as provided herein who shall serve as such State Auditor until the next regular session of the General Assembly at which time the nomination and election of a State Auditor shall be held by the General Assembly as provided herein 274 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL A8 Extraordinary Sessions Ga Const art V sec I par XII The Governor shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate and the House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly from time to time information of the State of the Commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient The Governor shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be enacted at called sessions of the General Assembly except such as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them Providing that such called sessions of the General Assembly shall not exceed 70 days in length unless at the expiration of said period there shall be pending an impeachment trial of some officer of the State Government in which event the General Assembly will be authorized to remain in session until such trial shall have been completed Provided however that when threefifths of the members elected to the House of Representatives and threefifths of the members elected to the Senate shall have certified to the Governor of the State of Georgia that in their opinion an emergency exists in the affairs of the State of Georgia it shall thereupon be the duty of said Governor and mandatory upon him within five days from the receipt of such certificate or certificates to convene said General Assembly in extraordinary session for all purposes and in the event said Governor shall within said time Sundays excluded fail or refuse to convene said General Assembly as aforesaid then and in that event said General Assembly may convene itself in extraordinary session as if convened in regular session for all purposes provided that such extraordinary self convened session shall be limited to a period of 30 days unless at the expiration of said period there shall be pending an impeachment trial of some officer of the State Government in which event the General Assembly shall be authorized to remain in session until such trial shall have been completed The members of the General Assembly shall receive the same per diem and mileage during such extraordinary session as is now or may be hereinafter provided LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 275 Ga Code Ann sec 47116 If any officer or officers of either branch of the Assembly shall fail or refuse to perform any of his duties in completing the organization of such emergency session his office may upon the majority vote of the membership of either branch be declared vacant as often as may be necessary and his successor elected as provided by the rules of the General Assembly mmi also Ga Code Ann secs 47113 47114 47115 and A9 ImpeachmentSee Ga Const art Ill sec V pars Ill IV and V art Ill sec VI par III A10 Investigation of State Offices Ga Code Ann sec 401620 In addition to the power Vpo the Attorney General in this law 401612 to 401620 the Governor or the General Assembly is authorized likewise to make investigations including investigation of the State Department of Law or the offices of the Attorney General or any agency under his control and all authority and rights granted to the Governor and the General Assembly shall be as complete and absolute as those granted hereunder to the Attorney General In any civil or criminal action against the Attorney General the Governor shall designate a solicitor general who shall be empowered in such case to act for the State All Public Service Commission Agreements Confirmation ofSee Ga Code Ann secs 681003 through 681007 A12 State Officers Suspension and Discharge of Ga Const art V sec I par XVII The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of any Constitutional officer or department head from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same 276 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Ga Code Ann sec 47701 The General Assembly may suspend from the functions and duties of office either the State Treasurer or the Comptroller General by joint resolution duly adopted after being read one time in each House on different days and by a twothirds vote of members voting on the same whenever the interests of the State or the proper administration of the law demand such suspension A13 Street Passenger Railways Ga Const art Ill sec VII par XXV The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporate town or city without the consent of the Corporate Authorities A14 Supreme Court Rules Approval ofSee Ga Code Ann secs 811502 and 811503 A15 Treason PardonSee Ga Const art V sec I par XI and Ga Code Ann sec 272701 A16 Special and Local Legislation Ga Const art I sec IV par I Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special laws shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent A17 Legislators as State Officers Ga Const art I sec I par XXIII The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 277 BWHWjperson holding a emolument or compensation a r offlce having any or the United StatS orSthSfrti theret unTder this Ife Peace and officers of the militia em exc1e5 Justices of the money or for anv leeal no j any defaulter for public in MmMKiiM of him shall have l sell his qualification as such be eiefted bv thJ epresfntative after appointed by the Governor eitW SfifiB Genal Assembly or and consent of the Senate to anv rrr r wllhout the advice any emolument anneverl Vi0 4 fflce or appointment having Shan Mfeg m for fmi hf vided however that durine the shall first resign his seat prono Senator or Representativewhlch he was elected office which has beenreatedurhig suchterm ay the ConsfituWon contafiMdn ArtS6 the mandte of XXIII BBMMHBWEBBi Section I Paragraph executive powers shall forever reman slnrlftlVGi lclary and no person discharging the dutiesfJLS9B and dlstmct and exercise the functLfs ol of ftttrf 5 Ktime adequately enforced it shall he So otners be more the General Assembly to aept or Md offi a Menbers of in the executive branch of the government o tLaTPlent gia or any agenev thereof nr 1 ey e State of Geor ment b judges of courts of renordUirC1theaelChh0f eoJern sistants to accent or hoM Sil ecora 1or their clerks and as branch of the government of the StatPfrmen f the executive BM3S5BaateSari section shall be euilfv nf a y 11violation 01 this that nothing within this sect naSX conSli hT7 any officer or employee of the executive hra i t tapply to a leave of absence without pay from his post Zr taken service as an employee of the legislative hJM fru temporary session and during the authorized stay over period 278 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Ga Code Ann sec 581075 No member of the General Assembly shall be eligible for employment under any office or job created by this Chapter Liquor Act during the term of office for which he is elected and this provision shall apply to legislators elected in the future as well as those now elected Parenthetical phrase added Ga Code Ann sec 928404 No member of the General Assembly shall be eligible to be appointed to the position of Revenue Commissioner nor to any other position in the Department of Revenue until the term of office as such member of the General Assembly has expired and no person other than a bona fide resident of the State for more than 10 years shall ever be eligible to appointment as State Revenue Commissioner nor shall any person be appointed to the office of Commissioner of Revenue who has held any elective office during a period of 12 months prior to his appointment Provided however the phrase any elective office as herein used shall not include members of the General Assembly Ga Const art V sec I par VII In case of the death resignation or disability of both the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the executive power until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor at a special election which shall be held within sixty days from the date on which the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall assume the executive power A18 Membership of Legislators on State Boards and Commissions Legislator Board or Relevant Statutory Members Commission Provisions Lieutenant Governor and The Governors Com Ga Laws 1959 p 5 Speaker and Chairman of the mission on ConstitutionJudicial Council al Government President Speaker President Finance Commission Pro Tern Speaker Pro Tern Chairman of Appropriations Committees of Senate and House Chairman of Senate Ga Code Ann sec 40411 as amended by Ga Laws 1960 p 188 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 279 Legislator Members Banking and Finance Com mittee Chairman of Housi Ways and Means Committee member of Senate and mem ber of House appointed bj President and Speaker respec tively Legislator member of Commission on Interstate Cooperation designated by this Commission Senator and Representative designated by the Georgia Commission on Interstate Cooperation President Speaker Secretary Clerk Chairmen of Senate and House Appropriations Committees Chairmen of Senate and House Judiciary Committees Chairman of Senate Committee on Banking and Finance and Chairman of House Ways and Means Committee President Speaker and mem Georgia Commission on bers of Senate and House Com Interstate Cooperation mittees on Interstate Cooperation Members of Senate and House Senate Council and Committees on Interstate Co House Council of the operation American Legislators Association Chairmen of Judiciary Com Judicial Council mittees of the Senate and House Lieutenant Governor and Western and Atlantic speaker Railroad Commission Chairmen of Agriculture Com Advisory Board to the mittees of Senate and House Georgia Seed Developor some person designated by ment Commission them Board or Commission Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission Advisory Committee for Southeastern Interstate Forest Fire Protection Compact Legislative Services Committee Relevant Statutory Provisions Ga Code Ann sec 45124 Ga Code Ann sec 43912 Ga Code Ann sec 471201 Ga Code Ann sec 471104 Ga Code Ann sec 471105 Ga Code Ann sec 811601 Ga Code Ann sec 92205 Ga Code Ann sec 52704 280 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Legislator Board or Members Commission Chairman of House Ways and Board of Compromises Means Committee and Chair and Settlements of Tax man of Senate Banking and Fi Assessments nance Committee Two Senators and three Repre Tobacco Advisory sentatives involved in tobacco Board production appointed by President and Speaker respectively Relevant Statutory Provisions Ga Code Ann sec 9284111 Ga Laws 1960 p 218 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 281 INDEX TO RULES OF THE Georgia House of Representatives References to A are to the Appendix J are to the Rules for the Government Assembly When in Joint Session and references to of the General ABSENTEES Arrest subject to when VT Attendance compelled by less than quorum Authorized by House Journal entry List by clerk Quorum required ADJOURN MOTION TO Amendment if to particular time Committee of the Whole not in order in Debate if to particular time Effect Joint session not in order in Precedence of motion Previous question once after Renewal after further business Time for ADJOURNMENT Business carried over how Committee of the Whole at regular hour in Effect when hour of arrives during vote by yeas and nays Governors power in regard to Main question effect on Place limit Power general Previous question effect on Seats retained until Speaker leaves Rule No 55 5455 55 57 57 56 82 83 146 82 83 84 J 14 75 180 82 80 81 87 146154 85 86 85 86 87 180 66 282 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Time of fixed by House 48 Veto procedure as effected by 206 Vote total required 54 ADVERSE REPORT Debate on final passage 181 Effect of on bills and resolutions 138 AMENDMENT Amendments to cannot be further amended159174 Blanks must be filled before 164 Committee of the Whole by action on 156157 Committee of the Whole by what reported to House 156 Committee amendments first considered 168 Committee offered by read without motion 171 Committee report amendment not in order after agreed to unless reconsidered 169 Committee report form 136 ConstitutionalsSee CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT Engrossment prevents 133 Form of 127 Form of motion 161 Germane must be 161163172 Indefinite postponement prohibited 96 Irrelevant out of order 162 Methods of 159 Motion to adjourn amendable if to particular time 82 83 Motion to commit amendable 109 Motion to postpone indefinitely not amendable 97 Motion to postpone to time definite amendable 102 Motion to table or take from table not amendable 92 Perfecting bill before substitute iiiul 165 Precedence of motion to amend 75 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 283 Previous question on Printed and distributed when Priority of amendments Priority of on passage of bill Priority of over motion to agree or disagree to Senate action Priority of questions on Senate amendments to House bill Reading Clerks in amending by striking out and inserting Reconsidered when Sections bill read by Senate action on may be reconsidered immediately Senate amendments House amendments to not further amendable Senate amendments to House bTll House action in order j no i no Senate vote required to adopt ym Speakers power to rule out Striking by perfecting part proposed to be stricken Substitute and bill vote on Substitute as Tabling not in order Time for Vote required AoSSP5ENTS T0 CONSTITUTIONSee CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS APPEALS Rule No 177 130 167168 168 173 172 170 111 171 111 174 174175 175 162172 166 165 160 91 168169 175 Addressing House directly 7o Debate on prohibited when of personal character Speakers action on x Speakers decision from ii H Time for 5870 Transgressions of rules from ll OO 284 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL APPLAUSE Rule No Suppression jg APPORTIONMENT Change Number of members Representation Al Al Al APPROPRIATIONS ti I H 2 3 2 Budget r 9qq Committee Chairmans duties Committee of the Whole consideration required 142 240 Committee report on required a 14U General Bill amendment EBBSHH mm General Bill contents 232233234235236 General Bill precedence on third reading 131 General Bill procedure Governors power over 4 1 Hearing Highways Origination in House J Record Recorded yea and nay vote required 343 Required 329 Resolutions treated as bills l Supplemental bills 233 237 238 Yeas and nays required 243 ARREST Disorder for Freedom from Members to secure quorum bo ob ASSISTANTS Appointment by Clerk 1416 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 285 Approval of special clerks by enrolling committee Compensation Oath Officers position as Removal of special clerks by enrolling committee Substitution prohibited Z Vacancies ATTENDANCE Rule No 16 1519 20 218 214 1012 5 16 1820 19 Compelling Messengers duty Speakers duty AUDITINGSee COMMITTEE ON JOURNALS BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Called how Caption IpiMij Committee of the Whole failure to resolve to consider Form Indorsement of Z Introducer allowed twenty minutes for debate alter ordering of previous question if adverse committee report Order procedure for taking out of Passage delayed until printed and distributed Z Publication of laws required Rejected when again considered Subjectmatter only one and expressed in title Suspend action on when Title subjectmatter of must be expressed in Withdrawal of when BZ Writing must be in 54 55 56 55 55 131 125 142 125 125 181 35 38 130 121 120 126 130 126 115 125 286 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL BLANKS Rule No Filling required before motion to amend is in order 164 BOND Clerks yv 16 BOOKS Appropriation Care for duty of Clerk CALENDAR Arranged by Rules Committee during last twenty one days of session Calling order fixed by ISeJkii Change of Rules Committees Calendar Committee report disagreement with Numbering bills and resolutions Reading of Rules Committees Calendar Reconsideration effect on bills W Tabling taking from restores to CALL OF HOUSESee ROLL CALL CAPTION Indorsement on bill Ib 121 CLAIM Procedure 244 245 246 247 CLERK Absentee list keeps for Journal 56 57 Amendments printing 1130 Amendments reading I170171 37 131 37 138 131 37 113 95 239 14 52 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 287 Rule No Amendments Report to Senate on Speakers action declaring Senate amendment not germane T72 Assistants appointment and fixing pay of 15 16 18 1Q 90 Bills and resolutions calling L i Bills and resolutions engrossment iqo Bills and resolutions files copy in Speakers Office g Bills and resolutions filing witliVhen777Tr joo Bills and resolutions numbers t jo H resolutions printing and distribution 130 ills and resolutions reading by sections 171 Bills and resolutions transmittal j j j Bond Books care of Budget books furnishes Claims certification of Committee of the Whole bills and resolutions readme in 1 r Committee of the Whole dutieiTinifl Committee reports printing if ordered Division counts Wmk mam mi Election j i 189 Identification card attestation Joint session duties in Journal entry Journal reading Motion reading Oath of prescribed Officer is Papers care of 116 14 14 52 239 244 9 23 r 7 J 8 J 9 7 57 205 36 I 76189 101112 5 9 14 Papers superintends 21 Pay Presides in absence of Speaker and Speaker Pro Tern Protests entry on Journal 7l T Questions reading Rollcall calling Rollcall vote explanation offiling AyU g 15 30 74 189 56190 201 288 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Rules Committees Calendar reads Signature when required State Boards membership on Term of office 1 Words excepted to written and read by Yeas and nays call Yeas and nays reading names CODE SECTIONS Amendments or repeal of requirements 37 119 A 18 I 911 60 I 81193 193 COMMITMENT Amended how Committee of the Whole not in order m Committee of the Whole to f Debate if instructions added Indefinite postponement not applicable to Instructions may be added L Precedence of as among motions to commit to different committees Precedence of as among motions ES RecommitmentSee RECOMMITMENT Resolution of appointment of investigative committee rli r 1 Speakers duty to Special committees to Iy Useg What applicable to COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE HOUSE Adjourn cannot Adjournment arrival of regular hour of Amendments by action by House R Amendments report Appropriation bills considered in Bills and resolutions disposal or recommendation Uvrr Bills and resolutions interlineation prohibited I j 109 146 106107142 KlOS 135 96 109135 107 75 135 135 106107110 106 106 146 154 157 136156 240 155 136 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 289 Rule No Business finished procedure 255 Call of House not in order ffitb J jj ilgfr 246 Chairman appointed by Speaker 1 Chairman duty of when no quorum present 144 Chairman duty when business finished s ii J ikk 258 Chairman power to clear galleries or lobbv 11 ko Clerks duties in 45 Commitment toSee COMMITMENT Commitment to precedence 8 207 Committee reference prohibited 246 Debate in 152 Disorderly conduct reported 1 251 Formation of Mr 18t1 i5 243 House may resolve itself into vote necessary H 242 House may resolve itself into when 242 Journal proceedings entry1 258 Motion to rise report progress and ask leave to sit again 1254 Papers called for 149 Postpone indefinitely motion to not in order 146 Previous question not enforceable 146 Quorum requirement r 244 Reading of bills by sections 1Bjjyr 245 Reconsideration in order ft 247 Report of procedure and form 255 156 157 Reports of precedence 10 lb Resolving House into JL 141142 152 Rules applicable to and exceptions J 146 Speakers actions 5r1437l4M54155 1 able motion to not m order 14Q Time in extended 153 154 Vote pairing prohibited in 248 Vote required unless excused aBMP 248 Yeas and nays cannot be taken rr W COMMITTEE ON JOURNALS Auditing expenses 212 213 214 Clerk approval and removal of special 26 290 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Enrolling 117 Journal entrySee JOURNAL Journal reading and report 1 36 Preservation of bills yM u 117 Report at any time 35 Report required H7 COMMITTEES Adverse report by effect 111138181 Amendments by read without motion 171 Amendments by take precedence138 Amendments report form 136 Appointed by Speaker Jfflpi 31 209 Appropriation measures report on required 140 Bills and resolutions not to interline or deface 136 Bills and resolutions withdrawal from 114 Call Ofjis 211 Clerks 15 Commitment toSee COMMITMENT Committee of the Whole reference of matters to committees prohibited 7T 146 Debate byHJpU 131 Expenses of members how paid212 214 Finance Committee examination of State accounts 215 Membership limited209 Members on State Boards1 A 18 Minority report time allowed for after ordering of previous question vrnr 181 N amesJr i 209 Officers 209 210 211 Organization 210 Previous question committee time for debate 181 Records 211 Reference to135142 Reference to happenings in prohibited 62 Reports disagreement with 138 Report failure to 140 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 291 Rule No Reports favorable effect 13g Reports form gjfef 137 Reports how made 43 Reports minority form H 137 Reports of amendment limit onjv 169 Reports of precedence t r 139 Reports printing and distribution may be required by committee 137 Reports requiring TFj4 140 Speakers membership Tr 209 Vacancies 210 CONFERENCE COMMITTEE Appointment 176 Approval of report 176 Consideration 176 Discharge 176 Instruction iub lf07 17g Membership i ta 170 Reports 176 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT Amendment of 226 Approval of people r 226 227 Convention r vj 227 Journal entry r t 226 Local I1H 226 MethodBii p 226 Publication 226 Repeal of Ttnh 226 Signature of Governor not required I1 208 Veto prohibited 207 228 Vote required fPN 4 226 CONTEST Contest iofcVj 251 292 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL CONTEMPT Rule No Disorder for 3249 Vote refusal for CONTRACT APPROVAL Public Service Commission AgreementsA 11 CONVENING TimesalBjj47 87 CONVENTION OF PEOPLE Calling for Constitutional amendment 227 CONVERSATION Debate prohibited during 65 Prohibited over barZ 67 Reference to during debate prohibited 62 COUNTY A4 A 5 Consolidation Site change DEBATE Addressing House tre 173 Adjournment decided without 33 48 Amendment action on Senate amendment debate limited g 7 172 Appeals debate limitations 3 7273 Censure for words 1333 60 Committee happenings reference to out of order 62 Committee of the Whole how bills debated 145 Committee of the Whole regulated 146152154 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 293 Rule No Conduct of members in Wsl JT Pft v 53 Conversations reference to out of order Mf2l22iL 62 Cut off prohibited when 27 79 Exception to words kUV bsWov 0 Freedom of 1 dT 1 fna 4 Individual speeches limited 53 Irrelevant Speaker shall suspend 27 Members names reference to out of orderLL 63 Motion for yeas and nays decided without debate 16 U of mr 192 Motion for previous question not debatable 180 Motion to adjourn not debatable N 182 Motion to adjourn to particular day or time debatable Mil 33 Motion to amend report of Rules Committee during last twentyone days not debatable 37 Motion to change order of business not debatable 39 Motion to change rules not debatable 2 39 Motion to commit when debatable 108135 Motion to dispense with reading of the Journal not debatable 22ly 42 Motion to dispense with roll call not debatable If 41 Motion to engross debate limited 132 Motion to excuse member from voting debate limited vjjji 135 Motion to indefinitely postpone debatable 97 Motion to limit or extend members time of speaking not debatable 58 Motion to postpone to time definite what debatable 101 Motion to read papers not debatable Trnrrrp gg Motion to refer to committee debate if instructions added f Ml 108 135 Motion to require committee report debate limitedI22 140 Motion to resolve into Committee of the Whole debate limited i22li22142 294 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Motion to suspend rules not debatable Motion to table or take from table not debatable Motions allowed during i Movement during prohibited Previous question debate regulated Priority of business not debatable T Readings first two no debate Report of Rules Committee when debatable Senate happenings reference to out of 39 92 75 66 181183 25 134 39 62 Silence during eob Subject matter limits Through Speaker Time limits on individual Yeas and nays no debate during 27 61 65 58 6173 58 199 DECORUM Applause suppressed 1 Conversation none over bar Hisses suppressed Silence during debate 69 67 69 27 61 65 DISTRIBUTION OF BILLSSee PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION OF BILLS DIVISION Adjournment limited by Call for fav Excuse from voting motion to restricts Reconsideration of main question limits Results of Speaker shall announce Speakers duty in case of r What divisible 7 8185 178179191 194 180 189 189 179 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 295 DOORKEEPER Clears lobbies and galleries when Duties general Election Floor limitations enforcement of Intoxicated members enforcement of rule against Message announcement j Pay HBiOR Substitution prohibited jjjgfcT Suspension by Speaker JJ Rule No 32 17 17 23 68 44 17 18 34 ELECTIONAlso see JOINT SESSION Auditor Contest of A 7 225 Governor of action on 53 1 219 220 Journal entry Members of House judge of ft rq Nomination limits oir Tin Presidential electors of A g Procedure Second not needed in nominations J 10 Speaker shall vote in y 4 Vote necessary 2V 218 81 201 202 ELECTRIC ROLL CALLAlso see ROLLCALL Adjournment limits at Clerks duties Method Quorum to determine jgn 202 T 201 89 89 201 200 Roll call at opening use for Seat from Speakers powers Tabling limited by Tabling limits B use Verification not required 296 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No EMPLOYEESSee ASSISTANTS ENGROSSMENT 132 nf 132 Local bills reading required 133 132 Unanimous consent for prohibited Li Vote required L 132 132 ENROLLING AND ENGROSSINGSee COMMITTEE ON JOURNALS EXCEPTION TO WORDS SPOKEN Previous question delayed by Procedure Time forryluaMl EXPENSES Members procedure for payment EXPULSION OF MEMBERS 58 58 59 58 59 Journal entry Vote required When EXTRAORDINARY SESSION Calling 3t 87 A 8 Compensation during ft A Consideration limits A 8 Governors calling A Impeachment continued byIKp A 8 Time limits SSBSMBShEbI LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 297 FILING OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Rule No Required J 123 Time for 123 FINES Members when transgress rules II53 FLOORSee PRIVILEGE OF FLOOR GALLERIES Applause and hisses to be suppressed I 69 Clearance by Speaker 32 Committee of the Whole Chairman may clear 150 GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS BILISee APPROPRIATIONS GOVERNOR Adjournment power in regard to 86 Appropriations selective approval of 206 Budget bill presentation of 232 Constitutional amendment action on 226 Election 219 220 Extraordinary session calling 87 Inauguration 220 22i7222223 224 Overriding veto I206207208 Signature when requiredjx 206 208 Veto power 206 207 208228 HISSES Suppression gg IDENTIFICATION CARDS Issued to persons entitled to privileges of the floor 23 298 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL IMPEACHMENT Rule No A R Procedure 2 Session continued INTOXICATION Member denied floor while in state of 68 INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Copies two required Time for Unanimous consent time limits 124 124 114 INVESTIGATION Resolution appointing must be referred to committee r State Officers of A iu JOINT SESSION Adjournment Clerks duties Debate Elections for Governors election for Journal lSsOS Nominations in Papers Place House Presider Procedure general Quorum Rules change Time of Vote J 14 LBiiiJmuJ 7 J 8 Jll J 1 219220 I m j 7 j 12 J 10 J 8 J 9 J 1 J 2 J 2 J 4 J 5 J 3 J 4 Vru J 6 J 18 11 j l j 2 J 10 J 12 J 13 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 299 JOURNAL Rule No Absentees shown on 57 Amendments to Constitution entry with yeas and nays 226 Appropriation yeas and nays shown 243 Committee duty to read and report a 36 57 Committee of the Whole proceedings not shown A 158 Election vote entry 217 Expulsion entry 58 Governors inauguration entry T 224 Joint session proceedings j 7 j 13 Oaths of officers and assistants entry L 10 Petition name and object of petitioner memorialist or remonstrant noted on50 Preservation i 122 Protests entry 74 Publication required 121122 Reading by committee fl 36 57 Reading of how dispensed with 42 Required rjv 121 Vote entry of186 203 204 205 217 226 Vote explanation entry yirtJi ht va1 198 Vote names of those not voting shown on 205 Yeas and nays entry 191 203 204 205 226 243 LOBBIES Applause or hisses in suppressed 69 Clearance by Speaker hr trtg 32 Committee of the Whole Chairmans power to clear 150 LOBBYISTS Floor prohibited from r 7v 23 LOCAL BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Limitations upon 128129 A 16 Local governing authority restriction 128129 300 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Notice of affidavit must be attached 128129 Notice required 128129 Office affected requires referendum128129 Reading first two by title unless engrossment 133 Unanimous consent reading of third time and putting on passage 114 MAIN QUESTION Adjournment effect on Division after order for Effect of Form of Previous question effect Reconsideration of Tabling limits Vote required to order 8185180 191 184 180 180181 180185 88 180 MEETING OF HOUSE Time of meeting for daily sessions 48 MEMORIALSSee PETITIONS MESSAGES How sent announced received and considered MESSENGER Arrest of members to secure quorum Clear lobbies and galleries when Direction by Speaker Duties general Election Intoxicated member enforcement of rule against Order enforcement of Papers distribution 44 55 56 32 2155 1721 17 68 21 21 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 301 Rule No Pay 17 SergeantatArms exofficio 55 Stationery distribution 21 Suspension by Speaker g4 MINORITY REPORTS FROM COMMITTEE Debate allowed after order for previous question 181 How made 3Y MOTIONS Committee of the Whole in Debate when cannot use motion to cut off Disagreement with Senate motions in order Information from departments table one day Making must resume seat while put Number limited to one at a time Possession of House Precedence of svUi Previous question on Second unnecessary Speakers actions on Stating by Speaker Strike out and insert motion to not divisible Tabling effected by osrmraQo Withdrawal 146147153154 79 172 135 iU 78 78 76 7596 U 177 77 189 189 179 4694 7696 NEW MATTERS Unanimous consents for time for 114 NOMINATIONS Remarks disparaging prohibited Second not needed 216 J 10 02 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL OATHS Administered by judges to members Assistants Clerks 7T777 Members T7 Officers 77 Rule No 8 1012 101112 78 101112 OFFICERS ItJ 1 101112 Oath HI 213 Pay rZ 75 u Suspension of by Speaker 5 Who are 7 ORDER OF BUSINESS Appropriations Bill general 9HISog39Hjj114 140 Changed how Tyrr7d7 d8 dy 07 a Change motion not debatable JR jgy Change motion vote necessary ytu irrrr An Committee report requiring rH7 Fixing by Rules Committee during last twentyone days Information motions bfldaoffi Prityeoi 735 171U 11814210 Reading of Rules Committee Calendar S Reconsideration 7w0 ma Rules Committee report vk Speakers power over777E tl Unanimous consent ORGANIZATION Assistant Clerk by Bodies 77 Chairman appointment and powers i Clerk by vVy 7 7 4 Elections during MHNClOi LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 303 First meeting time and place Oathsu J Officers Procedure Br1 Rules li Seating yjgjL Rule No 47 7 8101112 2 3 5 PAGES Age ri g2 Appointment by members Mm To fH 2 Papers distribution 21 PAIRING FOR VOTING Committee of the Whole prohibited in 1148 Prohibited TB gg PAPERS Clerks possession Hl3 14 52 Committee care 13g Committee of the Whole may call for 149 Distribution r 131 21 Reading not subject to indefinite postponement 96 Reading of rT 53 PARLIAMENTARY LAW Applicable when ll ll 249 PETITIONS Presentation and form t 50 POSTPONEMENT Amendment motion to indefinitely postpone not amendable an 05 tO tO X 304 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Amendment motion to postpone to day certain amendabl jj Committee of the Wkole motion to indefinitely postpone not in order Debate on Effect of motion to indefinitely postpone Effect of motion to postpone to time definite Effect of negative action i Effect indefinite postponement Precedence of motion Renewal limits Vote necessary on motion to indefinitely postpone Vote necessary on motion to postpone to a time definite What subject to 102 146 97101 99 100105 104 103 7596 98104 99 105 96100 PREAMBLE Committee of the Whole last considered 145 PRESIDER 30 Clerk shall when gr j 2 J 4 Joint session in Speaker oa Speaker absent who shall when Speaker may appoint member to M Speaker Pro Tern absent who shall when PRESS 124 Bills and resolutions copy to 23 Floor entitled to L PREVIOUS QUESTION Adjournment effect on S Call of House limits LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 305 Rule No Committee of the Whole not in order in 146 Debate allowed after ordering of 181183 Debate motion not debatable 180 Exception to debate delays 60 Form of jgQ Main question effect on Lt 180 181 Minority committee report time allowed for after ordering of 181 Precedence of motion 75 4 go Reconsideration of 185 Tabling after 11 v T 88 Vote required 477 4g4 What applicable to 4BpE1iil 477 PRINTING AND DISTRIBUTION OF BILLS Motion to print precedence of 75 Required when U 130 Suspension of bills and resolutions until 130 PRIVILEGE Precedence of questions of mwMBB 45 Questions of what constitutes 45 PRIVILEGES OF FLOOR Intoxicated members denied 68 Voting during J 202 Who entitled to 23 PROTESTS Procedure and form 74 PUNISHMENT Members of 59 Voting for another fop 497 306 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL QUALIFICATION OF MEMBERS Rule No Judgment of House QUORUM Committee of the Whole requirement of Compelling Number Ll Rollcall for Speakers power in regard to Voting when not 144 W 5556 54 56182190 55190 190 READING OF BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Committee of the Whole in 131171 141145 138 report ui tex Debate none on first or second reading Number and name of introducer stated on 134 131 second and tnira redamg 134 becond automatic wueu Ktt M 171 limes tincc Title by Unanimous consent time limit 133 114 READING OF PAPERSSee PAPERS RECOGNITION Speaker decides RECOMMITMENT Unanimous consent time limit rL no Vote necessary for 1 What may be recommitted LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 307 RECONSIDERATION Amendments when in order Whole motion in order Effect of on bills Main question effect on o 3 Main question time for reconsideration of Notice not to be withdrawn when Notice when required Previous question effect on Renewal once Senate amendments in orderTmmeffiatelv Time for motion Rule No 111 147 113 185 180 111 111 185 112 111 111 REMONSTRANCESSee PETITIONS REPEALS How effectuated RETURNEES Seats rights to ROLLCALL Adjournment limits Clerks duty as to ZZZZZ Committee of the WRole not in order in Debate none during Dispensing with Electrical rollcall systemTZZZZ Explanation of votes on Previous question limits Procedure Quorum to determine if Reconsideration of main question limits Required by House Speaker may order when Verification of when required Vote refusal after contempt 127 6 81 156 57190 201 146 199 41 201 198 182 57 190 180 2856 28182190201 r 200 190 308 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No RULES 39 40 250 J 18 Debate motion to suspend or change decided g9 without debate VL iifft 249 Question not covered by procedure 39 40 250 J 18 Suspended how v Suspension not subject to mdeimite 9g postponement lyilfll1 58 Transgression penalized RULES COMMITTEE Calendar fixed by during last twentyone days Membership 9gS3 Proposed change addition or suspension o rules must be referred to BBS Report debatable except last twentyone days i Report failure to effect pB Report of during last twentyone days motion to amend not debatable Report of in order when r Reports required Speaker Chairman of9S Special orders submission to and report on 37 209 250 39 250 37 43 140 250 209 38 SEATS Assigned by Speaker jVrr 7 195 Contested procedure when c 58 Recognition from TUU SERGEANTATARMSSee MESSENGER SESSIONS Business carried over how I 87 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 309 Rule No ExtraordinarySee EXTRAORDINARY SESSIONS Prolongation of signature of Governor not required Term 208 87 SILENCE Debate during j gg Speaker duty of to command when 27 61 SPEAKER Absence of Speaker Pro Tern to preside Accounts certifying Acts signs Adjournment members to remain until Speaker retires Amendments power to rule out if not germane C y T Appeals from decision of Applause in galleries or chamber suppression of noiar Appointment specialZZZZZ Arrest power to Attendance power to compel to secure a quorum Auditors nomination call for Bond approval of Clerks Budget bill introduction of Budget submission to Director Business priority of decides without debate Z Call the House duty to Clearing galleries and lobbies Commitment of bills and resolutionsZ Committee of the Whole Chairman appoints Committee of the Whole duty regarding bills Committee of the Whole duty when business finished in Committee of the Whole may resolve House into when 30 214 120 66 i162172 70 71 72 73 69 A 2 3255 55 j1 A 7 13 232 51 25 56 32 135 141 142 155 141 310 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule No Committee of the Whole may take part m 148 Committee of the Whole resumes chair when 154 lbb Committee of the Whole right to take part m 14 Committee of the Whole to leave chair during 141 Committees and subcommittees appoints 2Qg officers of 32 209 210 Committees appointment of 210 209 176 27 189 34 34 201 201 23 219 J 5 J 4 44 Committees assignment of members to Committees membership on Conference Committee appoints Debate irrelevant power to suspend Division call for Doorkeeper may suspend U7 Election of mBHHpl Electric rollcall system duty when voting MMBB Electric rollcall system out of order duty w en Floor privileges power over Governors election action on BBS Joint session seat at left of President Joint session succession to prsider Messages duty as to r 94 Messenger direction and suspension 76 189 Motion stating by RBBin ii 10 Oath to officers and assistants R Officer as Postponement action on R Postponement to day certain duty to enforce restrictions on debate Postponement to day certain how to treat amendment to motion Postponement to day beyond session how to treat motion Preside may name members to Prsider Question stating 101102103 101 102 103 29 30 188189 55 56182190 Quorum to secure 26586178 Recognition of member Rollcall duties during 81 89 201 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 311 Rule No Rollcall orders by when 2R iqn n Rules Committee exofficio member of 209 Rules transgression penalizing co Seat assignments t Signature when required iiq ion Silence commanding 27 61 State boards membership on aio Subcommittees appointment of qJ Unanimous consent shall entertain but one at a time A cr Unanimous consent when to recognize member for purpose of asking a Verification of a rollcall votenottoentertain motion to dispense with 9nn Vote authority to 24 148 SPEAKER PRO TEM Election n4 30 session succession as presider t a Oiticer as Powers Presides in absence oTpeaker7ZZZI 4 po State Boards membership on g SPECIAL LAWSSee LOCAL LAWS STATE BOARDS Membership of Legislators on A 18 STATE OFFICERS Discharge of Investigation of Legislators as restrictions Suspension of A 12 AIO A 17 A 12 312 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL STATIONERY Rule No 21 Distribution STENOGRAPHIC REPORTER Appointment and pay STREET RAILWAYS CONSTRUCTION Approval by city governing authorities A 13 SUBCOMMITTEES Appointed by Speaker 31 209 Calling meetings of Controlled by standing committees rjj Organization SUBSTITUTEAlso see AMENDMENT Amendment as r Bill perfected before substitute Voted on before bill 160 165 165 SUCCESSION Joint session Speakers absence J 4 30 SUPREME COURT RULES Approval of VTrT TABLING Amendment motion not subject to 92 Amendment not applicable to Committee of the Whole motion not m order i4b LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 313 Debate motion not debatable when motion to table prevails Effect when motion to take from table prevails Effect when motion to take from table where measure tabled after rollcall Mam question limits Motion to take from when in order Precedence of prevails Previous question limits motion to table Renewal of motions to table and take from when Rollcall limited by Rollcall limits State departments informationcaTied from tabled one day Time for taking from table Vote required to take from table What can be tabled Yeas and nays limits Rule No 92 94 9495 89 88 46 75 88180 88180 93 89 8889 46 95 95 9091 89 TITLE Bills and resolutions subjectmatter must be expressed in H lZo TRANSMISSION TO SENATE Day of passage vote required Last day immediate on TREASON Pardon of A 15 116 116 UNANIMOUS CONSENTS Commitment to Committee of the Whole 142 314 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL General provision for r Introduction for yfvcqx ir Journal reading dispensing with fg Limitation and regulation of use of Motion withdrawal required for Passage for 4 Reading for SSTtvafflgIH Recommitment for Rollcall dispensing with Rollcall vote dispensing with verification of Time for L Rule No 187 114 42 114 76 114 114 114 41 200 114 VERIFICATION Electric rollcall system not required for 200 Rollcall vote dispensed with for zuu VETO Governors power of Overridden how 206 207 208 228 206 207 208 VOTE Adjournment limits Another not for Appeal from Speakers ruling on Bill required for Changing of Committee of the Whole no pairing Committee of the Whole not taken by yeas and nays in Committee of the Whole vote required Debate no during calling or reading of yeas and nays rrr DivisionSee DIVISION Electric rollcallSee ELECTRIC ROLLCALL 8185 197 70 l 186 193201J 13 148 146 148 199 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 315 ElectionSee ELECTION Excuse from Explanation Interest none where have General requirement Journal entry required Method of Pairing of members not allowed QuorumSee QUORUM Reconsideration of main question limits Refusal may be contempt Required when RollcallSee R 6 LLCALL Seat from own Speaker may order yeas and nays when Speakers Tabling limits Tie I Unanimous consentsSee UNANIMOUS CONSENTS When allowed individuals Yeas and naysSee YEAS AND NAYS WITHDRAWAL Bill when and how Committee from Motion when and how WRITS Signature Speakers and Clerks Rule No 190194195196 i 198 194195 187 186 203 204 205 189191 148196 180 190 148194 24197 202 28 24148 89 24 88 115 114 163 119 YEAS AND NAYS Adjournment limits oi 8r Change restricted i oo Committee of the Whole prohibited in 14 316 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Rule Debate on motion prohibited Debate prohibited during Expulsion for 1 i I Journal entry iUii 191 203 204 Method of calling Reconsideration of main question limits 7 Seat from j3pL Tabling limits lsni Vote required for call of No 192 199 58 205 193 180 202 89 191 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 317 CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 319 CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF STATE CONSTITUTIONS ARTICLE IBill of Rights ARTICLE IIElective Franchise ARTICLE IIILegislative Department ARTICLE IVPower of General Assembly over Taxation ARTICLE VExecutive Department ARTICLE VIJudiciary ARTICLE VIIFinance Taxation and Public Debt ARTICLE VIIIEducation ARTICLE IXHomesteads and Exemptions ARTICLE XMilitia ARTICLE XICounties and Municipal Corporations ARTICLE1 XIIThe Laws of General Operations m Force in this State ARTICLE XIIIAmendments to the Constitution ARTICLE XIVMerit System ARTICLE XVHome Rule ARTICLE XVISlum Clearance and Redevelopment L ARTICLE XVIIPublic Transportation of Passengers for Hire Page 321 344 351 354 364 368 384 403 489 497 499 500 516 517 519 520 523 526 320 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Editorial Note This compilation of the Georgia Constitution does not include amendments which are not general within the meaning of Paragraph I Section H Article XIII LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 321 CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF ORGANIC ACTS AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS OF GEORGIA Charter of the Colony of Georgia 1732 Grant of George II King of Great Britain Constitution of 1777 Constitutional Convention Oct 1 1776Feb 5 1777 Constitution of 1789 Constitutional Convention Nov 424 1788 Jan 420 17RQMay 46 1789 May 16 1795 Constitution of 1798 Constitutional Convention May 830 1798 Constitution of 1861 Constitutional Convention Jan 16March 23 1861 Constitution of 1865 Constitutional Convention Oct 25Nov 8 1865 Constitution of 1868 Constitutional Convention Dec 91867March 11 1868 Constitution of 1877 Constitutional Convention July 11 1877August 25 1877 Constitution of 1945 Ratified General Election August 7 1945 Governors Proclamation August 131945 GENERAL CONSTITUTIONAL SINCE RATIFICATION OF AMENDMENTS ADOPTED CONSTITUTION OF 1945 Amendment to Art VII Sec I Par II subpar 1 so as to authorize the General Assembly to provide for the payment of one hundred thousand dollars 10000000 for bringing in the tirst commercial oil wells in this State Amendment to Par 4 Sec 7 of Art 7 to include therein county 322 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL boards of education as having authority to obtain the loans provided in said paragraph RATIFIED NOVEMBER 7 1950 Amendment to Par IV Sec IX of Art VII to provide for the appropriation of funds for highway purposes Amendment to Art VII Sec I Par II Subsec 3 so as to change the levy of taxes permitted on property for any one year by the General Assembly for all purposes except to provide for repelling invasions suppressing insurrections or defending the State in time of war from five 5 mills on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in the State to onefourth 4 mill on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in the State provided however that until some other method permitted by the laws of the United States for the taxation of national banking associations or corporations is enacted by the Gen Assembly for the taxation of the shares of stock of banking corporations and other monied capital coming into competition with such banking corporations such property may be taxed at a rate not exceeding five 5 mills on each dollar of the value thereof Amendment to Art VII Sec I Par II so as to authorize the Gen Assembly to provide for scholarships to medical students who agree to practice medicine in the State of Georgia and to authorize the granting of scholarships to various schools and clinics to Physicians and other professional personnel employed at the Milledgeville State Hospital Amendment to Art V Sec I Par XV providing for a period of thirty days after adjournment in which the Governor may approve bills passed by the Gen Assembly Amendment to Art VII Sec I Par I Subpar 5 so as to provide that the Gen Assembly may exercise the power of taxation for the purpose of making provision for the payment of pensions to exConfederate soldiers and to the widows of Confederate soldiers who are unmarried Amendment to Par 4 Sec I Art VII authorizing the Gen Assembly to exempt from taxation intangible personal property owned by a trust forming a part of a pension profit sharing or LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 323 federal income tax under Section 165 a of the Federal Internal Revenue Code Amendment to Art VII Sec II Par I by adding a new nara9 s as to extend to the employees of the State and its subdivisions protection accorded others by the Old Age and Survivors Insurance Program embodied under the Federal Social Security Act and the Federal Insurance Contributions Act Amendment striking Par XV of Sec VII of Art Ill in its ensertmg in lieu thereof a new paragraph providing for notice of intention to apply for local legislation to be admmm SM newspaper in the locality affected to provide the methd f changing term of office or abolishing an office during the term for which a person has been electedand to provide for the method of increasing the membership of anv municipal or county governing authority P Y Amendment to Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1 providing for the submission of amendments to the Constitution that affect only a county or counties municipality or municipalities Y RATIFIED NOVEMBER 4 1952 Amendent to the Constitution so as to authorize the General Assembly to provide for selfgovernment of municipalities EsBEpfs t0 Article Section IV Paragraph I and III of the Constitution so as to provide for annual sessions of the General Assembly not to exceed forty 40 days general Amendment to Article VII Section I Paragraphs IV of fhp Constitution of Georgia providing for the exemption of all 0f the Constitution adding a new sec Amendment to Article VII Section II of the 1945 Constitution of Georgia so as to provide that taxation may be exeicised for the purpose of paying pensions under a firemens pensTon system 324 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Amendment to the Constitution of the State of Georgia by adding a new Article to be designated Article XVI Slum Clearance and Redevelopment Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide for a procedure by which a county may remove or increase the limitation ot the tax levy for education RATIFIED NOVEMBER 2 1954 Amendment to Article VI Section II of the Constitution of Georgia so as to confer upon the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals Jurisdiction to review by writ of error all final judgments and adjudication rendered by Juvenile Courts Amendment to the Constitution so as to change the method of amending the Constitution Amendment to Article VI Section I of the Constitution authorizing the General Assembly to create traffic courts m and for certain cities Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the General Assembly to consider business pending at the adjournment ot any regular sessions at any later regular session Amendment to Article III Section XI Paragraph I of the Constitution changing certain wording Amendment to Article VI Section XIII of the Constitution of Georgia providing that Chief Justice Emeritus and Justices Emeritus of the Supreme Court and Judges Emeritus of the Superior Courts shall be eligible to preside over their respective courts Amendment to Article VI Section III Paragraph I of the Constitution fixing the terms of office of the Judges of the Superior Court of the Atlanta Judicial Circuit Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide for the payment of 25000000 in connection with the bringing inof the first commercial oil well in this State RATIFIED NOVEMBER 20 1956 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 325 Amendment to Article VII Section I Paragraph IV of the tain dtabS veterasPrVide homestead exemption for cer Amendment to Article VII Section 1 Paragraph II of the Constitution so as to provide the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia with the authority to grant thefr edncafiom StudeiltS lacking funds Purs Amendment to Article VII Section I Paragraph II of the Constitution so as to authorize State departments and state agences to disburse State funds to mateh Federal unis in order to provide qualified employees with graduate or post Educaoeneprims ScholarshiPs aId for in other Federal Amendment to Article VII Section 3 Paragraph II of the Constitution so as to authorize the State Board of Education teachers Scholarshlps to citizens of Georgia to study to become Amendment to Article VI Section XIII Paragraph II of the Constitution so as to provide that the Chief Justices Emeritus of the Supreme Court Justices H mm ffiMaaa Appeals and Judges Emeritus of the Superior Courts shall be eligible to preside in or over the Supreme Court the Court of Appeals and the Superior Courts preme UOurt RATIFIED NOVEMBER 4 1958 Amendment to the Constitution to provide for the appropriation purposes SMBMII hlhway construction and maintenance purposes m order to provide an adequate system of throueh highways rural and post roads and bridges in this State Amendment to Article VII Section VI Paragraph I a of the Constitution to establish and clarify provisions for navment nf contract obligations authorized by the State Constitution f 326 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the General iemWyprovide by law for the granting of State funds to municipalities Amendment to the Constitution so as to change the H3B relating to the millage limitation for the tax levy for education Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide that the General Assembly shall have the power to estabhsh an velopment Commission to make loans available to industrial development agencies to aid them in acquiring and constructing industrial and manufacturing plants and facilities within the State and to provide that the General Assembly shall have the power to tax to carry out and implement the purposes of the Commission Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide for the promotion of agricultural products Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide BBflBBBI for taking or damaging private property for public road and street purposes Amendment to the Constitution so as to empower the General Assembly to authorize counties to use public funds for school lunch purposes Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide of medical loans and scholarships by service at Milledgevi State Hospital Amendment to provide for the granting of scholarships to physicians and other personnel for specialized training m the field of mental health Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the establishment of area schools including vocational trade schools Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize counties to purchase liability insurance Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the creation of a Brunswick Ports Authority mm LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 327 Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide for the discipline including courtsmartial and nonjudicial punishment Pedures and rules of evidence therefor for members of the Militia when not m Federal service RATIFIED NOVEMBER 8 1960 Amendment to Article VII Section III of the Constitution so If Preservf inviolate freedom from compulsory association at all levels of public education and to require the General Assembly to provide funds for an adequate education for the citizens of Georgia Amendment to Article III Section II Paragraph I of the Constitution so as to provide for the composition of the State Senate the manner of election of State Senators the ratification of the apportionment of the Senate and the election of Senators Amendment to Article VII Section I Paragraph I of the Constitution so as to authorize the General Assembly to provide tor the payment of grants to counties under certain conditions Amendment to Article VII Section IX of the Constitution so as to provide for improved appropriations control and to promote economy and efficiency in budget matters Amendment to Article V of the Constitution so as to create the Department of Industry and Trade and to provide for a Board of Commissioners for said Department Amendment to Article III Section IV Paragraph III of the Constitution so as to furnish the peoples elected representatives m the General Assembly sufficient time to study matters relating to the expenditure of public funds Amendment to Article VII Section VII Paragraph I of the Constitution so as to allow any county or municipality in this State to borrow the necessary funds to defray the cost of property valuation and equalization programs for ad valorem tax purposes 328 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Amendment to Article VII Section D Paragraph II of the Constitution so as to provide for repayment of medical loans and scholarships by service at any prison or detention camp or work camp operated under the jurisdiction of the State Board of Corrections Amendment to Article XVI of the Constitution so as 7to allow counties to undertake and carry out a slum clearance and redevelopment program Amendment to Article V Section H Paragraph XV of the Constitution so as to provide for the General Assembly enacting legislation over the Governors veto RATIFIED NOVEMBER 6 1962 Amendment to the Constitution so as to create a new State Highway Board and a Director of the State Highway Department Amendment to the Constitution so as authorize the General Assembly to provide by law for the creation of a State Scholarship Commission to be authorized and empowered to activate inaugurate and conduct a program to provide for the granting of scholarships to students desiring to study courses m the paramedical professional or educational fields Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide more democratic provisions for the merger consolidation and division ot counties Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the General Assembly to provide by law for a program of guaranteed student loans and for the payment of interest on student loans for higher education and to create an entity for administering such program Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the General Assembly to provide fol oans or scholarships to dental students Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the General Assembly to enact legislation to insure continuity of btate LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 329 and local governmental operations in periods of emergency resulting from disasters caused by enemy attack emerency mmm the Constitution so as to authorize county boards of education to expend educational funds for the purpose of providing Workmens Compensation purpose ot Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide that the Legislature shall be authorized to enact legislation treating anv and all motor vehicles including trailers as a separate class from other classes of tangible property for ad valorem property mmm H nKHS MMM dates for the taxation of such property and to enact legislation consistent herewith to prevent any person firm or corporation from escaping payment of their fai share of ad valorem taxes on said motor vehicles homTstSTexlVitloS0 80 as to Provide for increased ofge or over certain Posons sixtyfive 65 years Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide that credit for service at Milledgeville State Hospital or at any prison o of thSateoadr 0perafdunder the Jurisdiction 01 rne btate Board of Corrections which is applicable for thf repayment of medical loans or scholarships shall be retroactive Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide that the Gen countieerfbthirasittptl10riZe the goJerning authorities of the counties ot this State to assess and collect license fees and taxes upon businesses located in the county outside the limits of any incorporated municipality 1 0 Amendment to the Constitution so as to extend the exemption for disabled veterans to those veterans Zuvtnx HBflHS r permanent paralysis resulting from multiplf RATIFIED NOVEMBER 3 1964 330 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize establishment of area schools and area school districts by local referendum including special schools such as vocational trade schools schools for exceptional children and schools for adult education and for their organization management financing and to authorize contracts between boards of education and expenditure of school tax funds for public education purposes and to preserve special schools heretofore established Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide for the payment for taking or damaging private property for public road and street purposes in order to authorize the state to require the removal of existing outdoor advertising and the removal or screening of existing outdoor junk yards or other installations interfering with the natural beauty of the highway and surrounding landscape so as to prevent the loss of large sums of Federal money Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the General Assembly to appropriate funds to any State department or other State agency for the purpose of being used to obtain funds from the Federal Government for educational scholarships educational loans and other educational purposes and to authorize such State departments and other State agencies to use the funds so appropriated and the funds received from the Federal Government for the purposes authorized and directed by the Federal Government in making such funds available Amendment to the Constitution so as to require notice of candidacy for writein candidates Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide a method whereby the manner of electing or appointing members of county boards of education and county school superintendents their term of office residence requirements method of filling vacancies and the number of members on county boards may be changed by local or special law and local referendum thereon and their qualifications powers duties and compensation be as provided by law Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the General Assembly to provide for the exemption from taxation of all LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 331 watertpolutionlled primary PurPose of reducing air or Amendment to the Constitution so as to allow the General Assembly to set different residence requirements for persons to be eligible to vote m national elections and State elections mumtiesient t0 Constitution so as to Provide home rule for Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the Department of industry and Trade to participate in the operation of certain facilities for the promotion of tourism in the State of Georgia Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the General Assembly to provide by law for the indemnification with respect to death personal injury or property damage sustained in preventing the commission of a crime against the person or property of another m apprehending a criminal or in materially assisting a peace officer in prevention of a crime or apprehension of a criminal Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the State Board of Vocational Education to accept and dispense Federal funds m accordance with the terms of the grant of such funds including disbursement thereof to nonprofit corporations or associations engaged solely in vocational rehabilitation work Amendment to the Constitution so as to declare public transportation of passengers for hire to be an essential governmental function and a public purpose for which the power to taxation ot this State may be exercised and its public funds expended Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide that service at Gracewood State School and Hospital or any other facility operated by or under the jurisdiction of the State Department of Public Health shall be applicable service for the repayment of medical loans and scholarships and that such service shall be retroactive Amendment to the Constitution so as to change the provisions relating to the powers of county governments 332 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Amendment to the Constitution so as to change the provisions relating to the powers of county governments Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide that superior court judges shall be elected only by the electors residing in the circuit in which the superior court judge is to serve Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide that solicitors general shall be elected only by the electors residing in the circuit in which the solicitor general is to serve RATIFIED NOVEMBER 8 1966 Amendment to the Constitution to provide that the Lieutenant GovernorElect shall succeed to the Governorship in the event of the death of the GovernorElect Amendment to the Constitution to provide for a runoff election for Governor in the event no candidate received a majority of the votes cast in the general election Amendment to the Constitution to provide for the apportionment of the Senate Amendment to the Constitution to authorize the expenditure of State funds for school lunch purposes Amendment to the Constitution to provide that the Secretary of State Attorney General State School Superintendent Comptroller General Treasurer Commissioner of Agriculture and Commissioner of Labor shall be elected in the same manner as the Governor and the procedures relating to the election of the Governor shall apply to said officers and to provide that in the event of the death or withdrawal of any person elected to any such office prior to his taking office the Governor shall be authorized to fill such office Amendment to the Constitution to change the name and designation of the office of solicitor general to district attorney Amendment to the Constitution to authorize the General Assembly to provide by law for a program to grant scholarships or other assistance to the children of law enforcement officers firemen and prison guards who are permanently disabled or LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 333 killed in the line of duty to enable such children to acquire an education beyond the twelfth grade or to enable such children to attend a vocationaltechnical school Amendment to the Constitution to authorize the General Assembly to provide by law for the issuance of revenue bonds for the purpose of making direct loans to students in order to allow such students to acquire an education beyond the twelfth grade Amendment to the Constitution to extend the homestead exemption for disabled veterans to those veterans suffering from loss or loss of use of both lower extremities such as to preclude locomotion without the aid of braces crutches canes or a wheelchair Amendment to the Constitution to increase the amount of loans and scholarships for medical students and to change the provisions relative to the repayment of such loans and scholarships the State Medical Education Board and the secretary of said Board Amendment to the Constitution to provide for an exemption of 400000 from all State and county ad valorem taxes on the homestead of owners sixtyfive 65 years of age or older whose net income as defined by Georgia law for income tax purposes when added to that of his spouse does not exceed 400000 for the immediately preceding taxable year Amendment to the Constitution to authorize the General Assembly to provide by law for reimbursing the employees of the Game and Fish Commission who received a retroactive pay raise in 1966 and were subsequently required to remit the amount of said raise to the State Treasurer Amendment to the Constitution to authorize the Department of Industry and Trade in order to make Georgia competitive with other states in securing new business industry and tourism to expend available funds for the business meals and incidental expenses of bona fide industrial prospects and other persons who attend any meeting at the request of the Department to discuss the location or development of new business industry or tourism within the State and provide that all such expenditures 334 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL shall be verified by vouchers showing the date place purpose and persons for whom such expenditures were made and further provide that the State Auditor shall conduct an audit of sue expenditures at least every six months Amendment to the Constitution to provide rdTLr semblv mav submit for ratification proposals to provide tor a new CoSution as well as to submit proposed amendments to the Constitution and to provide that such proposals may not be vetoed by the Governor Amendment to the Constitution to authorize the General Assembly to provide that programs for the promotion of agricultural products including provisions for quality andor product control may be instituted continued or terminated in accordance with the results of a referendum conducted among Reproducers of the product or products affected and to provide that the Gen eral Assembly may delegate to instrumentalities porations authorities and commissions created by it the right to impose raise lower or repeal assessments fees or otner charges upon the sale or processing of affected products and to collect thePsame after approval by the producers of such products in a referendum Amendment to the Constitution to provide that the General Assembly may create Development Authorities or authorize any county or municipal corporation or combinations thereof to create Development Authorities and authorize such authorities to issue revenue obligations for the purpose of developing industry trade and employment opportunities Amendment to the Constitution to remove the provisions freezing Sv service preference for honorably discharged veterans othe State of Georgia as of a certain date and to authorize the General Assembly to accord such otherwise in any civil service program established m the state government or any political subdivision thereof Amendment to the Constitution to authorize the General Assembly to provide by law for the creation of an actuanally sou participation retirement system for all employees of public schools who are not covered by the Teachers Retirement System LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 335 including but not limited to school bus drivers school lunchroom personnel school maintenance personnel and school custodial personnel and for the expenditure of State funds and the funds ot county and independent boards of education for the support of said retirement system Amendment to the Constitution to authorize the General Assembly m its discretion to create a new court or system of courts m and for each city of this State having a population of more than 300000 according to the United States Decennial Census of 1960 and any future such United States Census and to provide jurisdiction of such court or system of courts RATIFIED NOVEMBER 5 1968 Amendment to the Constitution to provide that unless otherwise Pi07i1rd by the amendment an amendment to the Constitution aUficatiome effectlVe on the first day of January following its Amendment to the Constitution to authorize the General Assembly to provide by law that all personal clothing and effects household furniture furnishings equipment appliances and other personal property used within the home shall be exempt Irom all ad valorem taxation and to further authorize the General Assembly to provide by law that all tools and implements o trade of manuall aborers and domestic animas shall be exempt rom State county municipal and school district ad valorem taxes m an amount not to exceed 30000 in actual value Amendment to the Constitution to increase the homestead exemption for disabled veterans who have been disabled as a result ot service in the armed forces due to loss or loss of use of both lower extremities such as to preclude locomotion without the aid of braces crutches canes or a wheelchair or blindness in both eyes having only light perception plus loss or loss of use of one lower extremity or due to the loss or loss of use of one lower extremity together with residuals of organic disease or injury which so affect the functions of balance or propulsion as to preclude locomotion without resort to a wheelchair 336 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Amendment to the Constitution to authorize the General Assembly to provide by law for grants or scholarships to citizens of Georgia who are students attending colleges or universities which are not branches of the University System of Georgia and to authorize the General Assembly to provide the procedures for making such grants or scholarships and to provide appropriations for such purposes Amendment to the Constitution to provide that the exemptions granted to the homestead shall extend to and apply to those properties the legal title to which is vested in one or more owners an administrator executor or trustee if such exemptions are claimed by one or more owners heirs or beneficiaries who reside on such property Amendment to the Constitution to authorize the General Assembly to provide by law from time to time for the increase of retirement or pension benefits of retired persons who retired pursuant to any retirement system annuity and benefit fund pension system or any similar system heretofore or hereafter created by law and to authorize the General Assembly to appropriate funds for such purpose RATIFIED NOVEMBER 3 1970 Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide for a Judicial Qualifications Commission to provide for the members of said Commission their appointment or election terms of office duties powers and expenses to provide for practice and procedures to provide for removal discipline or involuntary retirement of justices or judges of any court of this State and the grounds therefor to provide for all matters relative thereto Amendment to the Constitution so as to change the name and composition of the State Game and Fish Commission to the Board of Natural Resources Amendment to the Constitution to change the name and designation of the Department of Industry and Trade to the Department of Community Development to change the name and designation of the Board of Commissioners of the Department of Industry and Trade to the Board of Community Development LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 337 teJnaTioof thl Stetfhwly BoadloXand providing for the Control of WHS Idvrtling ottl Interstate or Primary Systems of FederalAid Highwavs and r peal a prior amendment dealing with highway bfautifktion a Krpdot6 S 1 MiIMgm fjgg Lieutenant AttTnera f h6 Ger fmmMmmm so as to authorize incurring the Georgia ilWPPff the of such 41 to create e Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission B Constitution so as to make it possible for Amendment to the Constitution so as to nrovidp flfR fvQ n i Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize tho reoroi Assembly to provide by law for a program or programs of loan scholarships and grants and the insuring of ftBIMEf ffS1 Wm to citizens 338 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize State taxation to pay the salaries of personnel and to pay for the utilization of school facilities including school buses for extracurricular and interscholastic activities including literary events music and athletic programs within individual schools and between schools in the same or in different school systems when such activities are sponsored by local boards of education as an integral part of the school program Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the General Assembly to provide by law for tuition grants to children of United States servicemen who were bona fide residents of this State at the time of their entry into the Armed Forces and who are missing in action or captured by a hostile force after 26 March 1964 Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide that each disabled veteran who is a citizen and resident of Georgia shall be granted an exemption from all ad valorem taxes on the vehicle he owns and on which he actually places the free HV vehicle license plates he receives from the State of Georgia Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide State departments and State agencies with the authority to disburse State funds to match federal funds in order to provide qualified employees with subprofessional technical and professional educational scholarships and to establish the terms and conditions of educational scholarships Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide that federal oldage survivor or disability benefits shall not be included in income for the purpose of persons 65 years of age or over qualifying for a homestead exemption of 4000 to provide that after a person once receives such exemption they need not apply for such exemption each year but must notify the tax commissioner or tax receiver in the event he is no longer eligible for such exemption Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide that the homestead of each resident of each independent school district who is 62 years of age or over and who has an income from all sources including the income from all sources of certain members of the family not exceeding 6000 per annum may be granted LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 339 MM BSSSI SS future retire nursuantd persons ho have retired or in the MtKSHLHiS gsriisrsis s jKpgp approatfoni Cio to provide for annual fe3vdent toheu Constitution to authorize the General As frelLtions y l8W fr durational residence requirements RATIFIED NOVEMBER 7 1972 HK 1 tho Constitution so as to provide that all courts 340 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the General Assembly to provide by law from time to time for the increase of retirement or pension benefits of retired public schoolteachers who retired pursuant to a retirement or pension system of a county municipality or local board of education Amendment to the Constitution so as to change the name and designation of the office of Ordinary and the Court of Ordinary to Judge of the Probate Court and Probate Court respectively Amendment to the Constitution so as to authorize the General Assembly to create and establish a State Court of Claims whereby persons who have suffered injury or damage caused by the State its agencies or political subdivisions shall have a means of obtaining relief therefor and to provide that the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals of Georgia shall have original jurisdiction to try and correct errors of law from such State Court of Claims Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide that in order to encourage and enhance overall economic development increase employment promote agribusiness and to provide incentives for the location of new and expanding manufacturing and processing facilities harvested agricultural products which have a plantingtoharvest cycle of 12 months or less which are customarily cured and aged for a period in excess of one year after harvesting and before manufacturing and which are held in this State for manufacturing or processing purposes shall be exempt from all ad valorem taxation Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide that the debt incurred by any county municipal corporation or political subdivision shall never exceed ten 10 per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein Amendment to the Constitution to authorize the General Assembly to allow municipal corporations having a population of more than 400000 according to the last or any future United States Decennial Census to carry out and enforce the removal or demolition or closing of certain buildings and structures from private premises and the clearing of premises not necessarily within a slum or blighted area at public expense to constitute a lien on the property after an administrative LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 341 hearing and a determination that such properties or structures unrepairable1 human habltatlon or use and are economically Amendment to the Constitution so as to provide that in all cities of this State having a population of more than 300000 as disclosed by the United States Decennial Census of 197o or any such future census the governing authority shall be authorized to provide from time to time for the increase or retirement or pension benefits of persons who have retired from employment with any such municipal corporation pursuant to any retirement system annuity and benefit fund pension system or similar system heretofore or hereafter created by law and to authorize such municipal corporations to appropriate funds for such purposes piupxiate Amendment to the Constitution so as to exclude retirement pension or disability benefits up to a certain maximum amount BMma ior thl purpose of persons 65 years of age or over quaiiiymg for a homestead exemption of 400000 Amendment to the Constitution so as to create the City of ovmgton Parking Authority and to provide for the powers authority and duties of such Authority and to authorize the Authority to issue its revenue bonds and to provide for the ani anne sucb issuance and for the validation thereof and to authorize the Authority to contract with the y Covington and with the State of Georgia and anv departments institutions agencies municipalities counties or Wmm subdlvisions of the State of Georgia public corporations Il Sa au authrize the City of Covington to contract with the Authority and to authorize said City to levy taxes epPd H momfs of the City and any other available Mi H the City and to make payment thereof to the Authority upon such terms as may be provided in any contract Covington0 and between the Authority and the City of Amendment to the Constitution so as to create the Downtown HfflB Authority and to provide for the powers authority and duties of such Authority and to authorize the Authority to issue its revenue bonds and to provide for the method and 342 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL manner of such issuance and for the validation thereof and to authorize the Authority to contract with the City of Savannah and with the State of Georgia and any departments institutions agencies municipalities counties or political subdivisions of the State of Georgia public corporations and others and to authorize the City of Savannah to contract with the Authority and to authorize said City to levy taxes and to expend tax monies of the City and to make payment thereof to the Authority upon such terms as may be provided in any contract entered into by and between the Authority and the City of Savannah Amendment to the Constitution so as to create the DouglasvilleDouglas County Stadium Authority RATIFIED NOVEMBER 5 1974 Governors No 34 House Resolution No 11 A RESOLUTION Proposing as one single amendment to amend the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 and all amendments thereof by striking in their entirety Article I Bill of Rights Article II Elective Franchise Article III Legislative Department Article IV Power of the General Assembly Over Taxation Article V Executive Department Article VI Judiciary Article VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Article VIII Education Article IX Homesteads and Exemptions Article X Militia Article XI Counties and County Officers Article XII The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Article XIII Amendments to the Constitution and by inserting in lieu thereof after the Preamble of the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 new Articles as follows Article I Bill of Rights Article II Elective Franchise Article III Legislative Department Article IV Public Utilities Eminent Domain Police Power Insurance Companies Contracts etc Article V Executive Department Article VI Judiciary Article VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Article VIII Education Article IX Homesteads and LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 343 the General Election to be held in August 1945 J WHERil A S filo nmmociA P i RES0LVED by e general That the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 and all Amendments thereof appearing after the Preamble be and it is hereby proposed to be amended as one single amendment by striking therefrom in their entirety Article I Bill of Rights Article II Elective Franchise Article III Legislative Department Article IV Power of the General Assembly Over Taxation Article V Executive Department Article VI Judiciary Article VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Article VIII Education Article IX Homesteads and Exemptions Article X Militia Article XI Counties and County Officers Article XII The Laws of General Operation i Force in This State Article XIII Amendments to the Constitution and inserting in lieu thereof new Articles Numbers I through XV inclusive so that when so amended the Constitu Section One 344 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL tion of the State of Georgia of 1877 shall read beginning with the Preamble as follows CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA PREAMBLE To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interest and happiness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty1 we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidance of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution ARTICLE I BILL OF RIGHTS Section I Paragraph I Origin and Foundation of Government All government of right originates with the people is founded upon their will only and is instituted solely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them Paragraph II Protection the Duty of Government Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete Paragraph III Life Liberty and Property No person shall be deprived of life liberty or property except by due process of law Paragraph IV Right to the Courts No person shall be deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the courts of this State in person by attorney or both Paragraph V Benefit of Counsel Accusation List of Witness Compulsory Process Trial by Jury Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded shall have compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 345 shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against him and shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury Paragraph VI Crimination of Self Not Compelled No person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any manner to criminate himself Paragraph VII Banishment and Whipping as Punishment for Crime Neither banishment beyond the limits of the State nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed Paragraph VIII Jeopardy of Life or Liberty More Than Once Forbidden No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offense save on his or her own motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of mistrial Paragraph IN Bail Fines Punishment Asset Abuse of Prisoners Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted nor shall any person be abused in being arrested while under arrest or in prison Paragraph X Costs No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial Paragraph XI Habeas Corpus The writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended Paragraph XII Freedom of Conscience All men have the natural and inalienable right to worship God each according to the dictates of his own conscience and no human authority should in any case control or interfere with such right of conscience Paragraph XIII Religious Opinions Liberty of Conscience No inhabitant of this State shall be molested in person or property or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the right of liberty of conscience shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State 346 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Paragraph XIV Appropriations to Churches Sects Etc Forbidden No money shall ever be taken from the public Treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution Paragraph XV Liberty of Speech or of the Press Guaranteed No law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of speech or of the press any person may speak write and publish his sentiments on all subjects being responsible for the abuse of that liberty Paragraph XVI Searches Seizures and Warrants The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the persons or things to be seized Paragraph XVII Slavery and Involuntary Servitude There shall be within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof Paragraph XVIII Status of the Citizen The social status of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation Paragraph XIX Civil Authority Superior to Military The civil authority shall be superior to the military and no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as may be provided by law Paragraph XX Contempts The power of the Courts to punish for contempt shall be limited by legislative acts Paragraph XXL Imprisonment for Debt There shall be no imprisonment for debt Paragraph XXII Arms Rights to Keep and Bear The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 347 Paragraph XXIII Legislative Judicial and Executive Powers Separate The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided Paragraph XXIV Right to Assembly and Petition The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested with the powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance Paragraph XXV Citizens Protection of All citizens of the United States resident in this State are hereby declared citizens of this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the full enjoyment of the rights privileges and immunities due to such citizenship Section II Paragraph I Libel Jury in Criminal Cases New Trials In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the truth may be given in evidence and the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts The power of the judges to grant new trials in case of conviction is preserved Editorial note An amendment to this ratified November 8 1966 and removed 1972 paragraph was added by an amendment by an amendment ratified November 7 Paragraph II Treason Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist in levying war against her adhering to her enemies giving them aid and comfort No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open court Paragraph III Conviction Effect of No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate Paragraph IV Lotteries All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hereby prohibited and this prohibition shall be enforced by penal laws 348 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Paragraph V Lobbying Penalties Lobbying is declared to be a crime and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties Paragraph VI Fraud Concealment of Property The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor Section III Paragraph I Private Ways Just Compensation Relocation Assistance Land Acquisition Policies Practices and Expenses 1 In case of necessity private ways may be granted upon just compensation being first paid by the applicant Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being paid except that when private property is taken or damaged for public road and street purposes by the State and the counties and the municipalities of the State just and adequate compensation therefor need not be paid until the same has been finally fixed and determined as provided by law but such just and adequate compensation shall then be paid in preference to all other obligations except bonded indebtedness The General Assembly may by law require the condemnor to make prepayment against adequate compensation as a condition precedent to the exercise of the right of eminent domain and provide for the disbursement of the same to the end that the rights and equities of the property owner lien holders and the State and its subdivisions may be protected 2 Noth with standing any other provisions of this Constitution the General Assembly of the State of Georgia may by law require the State and State agencies and institutions and counties municipalities school districts political subdivisions public authorities public agencies public corporations and public instrumentalities created under this Constitution or the laws of this State i to provide relocation assistance and payments to persons displaced by public projects or programs undertaken or sponsored by the foregoing public entities including without limitation all of those relocation assistances and payments as are by Section 210 of that certain Act of LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 349 Congress of the United States of America known as the Unilorm Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 Public Law 91646 91st Congress approved January 2 1971 required to be made or furnished to such displaced persons by such public entities in order that federal financial assistance can be made available to such public entities with respect to the public projects or programs causing such displacements and ii to establish and implement acquisition policies and practices and provide for the pavment or reimbursement of necessary expenses of persons whose properties are acquired in connection with the acquisition of real property for public projects or programs such policies practices payments and reimbursements to include without limitation those real property acquisition policies practices payments and reimbursements which Section 305 of said Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970 requires that the foregoing public entities establish and implement or pay and reimburse as the case may be in acquiring real property for a public project or program in order that lederai financial assistance can be made available to such public enti les with respect to such projects or programs The providing of all of such relocation assistances and payments and in connection with the acquisition of real property for public projects or programs the establishing of all of such policies and practices and the paying or reimbursing of all of such necessary expenses are declared to be necessary among other reasons in order to avoid the loss of large sums of money which will otherwise be made available to the foregoing public entities as financial assistance by the United States of America and snail constitute governmental functions undertaken for public purposes and the powers of taxation may be exercised and public funds expended in furtherance thereof note The title of Paragraph I was amended and subparagraph 2 added by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 P bp Paragraph II Attainder Ex Post Facto and Retroaction Laws Etc No bill of attainder ex post facto law retroactive law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grant of special privileges or immunities shall be passed 350 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Paragraph III Revocation of Tax Exemptions All exemptions from taxation heretofore granted in corporate charters are declared to be henceforth null and void Section IV Paragraph I General Laws Uniform Operation How Varied Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent Editorial note That portion of Paragraph I beginning with the word except and continuing to the end of the paragraph was added by an amendment ratified on November 8 I960 Paragraph II What Acts Void Legislative acts in violation of this Constitution or the Constitution of the United States are void and the Judiciary shall so declare them Section V Paragraph I State Rights The people of this State have the inherent sole and exclusive right to regulating their internal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness Paragraph II Enumeration of Rights Not Denial of Others The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights which they may have hitherto enjoyed Section VI Paragraph I Tidewater Titles Confirmed The Act of the General Assembly approved December 16 1902 which extends the title of ownership of lands abutting on tidal water to low water mark is hereby ratified and confirmed LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 351 ARTICLE II ELECTIVE FRANCHISE Section I Paragraph I Elections by Ballot Registration of Voters Elections by the people shall be by ballot and only those persons shall be allowed to vote who have been first registered in accordance with the requirements of law Paragraph II Who Shall Be An Elector Entitled to Register and Vote Every citizen of this State who is a citizen of the United States eighteen years old or upwards not laboring under any of the disabilities named in this Article and possessing the qualifications provided by it shall be an elector and entitled to register and vote at any election by the people Provided that no soldier sailor or marine in the military or naval services of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State Paragraph III Residence Requirements to Register and Vote The General Assembly shall provide by law for the durational residence requirements necessary to register and vote at any election by the people except that no person shall be entitled to register and vote unless he shall have resided in the State at least thirty 30 days immediately preceding the election at which he seeks to vote 8 f6 and XvembeT1972 by amendments ratified November Paragraph IV Qualifications of Electors Every citizen of this State shall be entitled to register as an elector and to vote in all elections in said State who is not disqualified under the provisions of Section II of Article II of this Constitution and who possesses the qualifications prescribed in Paragraphs II and III of this Section or who will possess them at the date of the election occurring next after his registration and who m addition thereto comes within either of the classes provided for in the two following subdivisions of this paragraph 1 All Person who are of good character and understand the duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government or 352 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 2 All persons who can correctly read in the English language any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State and correctly write the same in the English language when read to them by any of the registrars and all persons who solely because of physical disability are unable to comply with the above requirements but who can understand and give a reasonable interpretation of any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State that may be read to them by any of the registrars Paragraph V Appeal From Decision of Registrars Any person to whom the right of registration is denied by the registrars upon the ground that he lacks the qualifications set forth in the two subdivisions of Paragraph IV shall have the right to take an appeal and any citizen may enter an appeal from the decision of the registrars allowing any person to register under said subdivisions All appeals must be filed in writing with the registrars within ten days from the date of the decision complained of and shall be returned by the registrars to the office of the clerk of the superior court to be tried as other appeals Paragraph VI Judgment of Force Pending Appeals Pending an appeal and until the final decision of the case the judgment of the registrars shall remain in full force Section II Paragraph I Registration of Electors Who Disfranchised The General Assembly may provide from time to time for the registration of all electors but the following classes of persons shall not be permitted to register vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State towit 1st Those who shall have been convicted in any court of competent jurisdiction of treason against the State of embezzlement of public funds malfeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in the penitentiary unless such persons shall have been pardoned 2nd Idiots and insane persons Section III Paragraph I Privilege of Electors from Arrest Electors shall in all cases except for treason felony larceny and breach LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 353 of the peace be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections and m going to and returning from the same Section IV Paragraph I Holder of Public Funds No person who is the holder of any public money contrary to law shall be eligible to any in this State until the same is accounted for and paid into the Treasury Section V Paragraph I Sale of Liquors on Election Days The General Assembly shall by law forbid the sale of intoxicating drinks in K or any Political subdivision thereof on all days for the holding of any election in the area in which such election is held and prescribe punishment for any violation of the same Section VI Paragraph I Returns Made to Whom Returns of election for all civil officers elected by the people who are to be commissioned by the Governor and also for members of the General Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law Section VII Paragraph I WriteIn Votes No person elected on a writein vote shall be eligible to hold office unless notice of his intention of candidacy was given twenty or more days prior to the election by the person to be a writein candidate or by some other person or group of persons qualified to vote in the subject election as follows In a state general election to the Secretary of State Wm Publication in a paper of general circulation in the state m a general election of county officers to the judge of the probate court of the county in which he is to be a candidate and by publication m the official organ of the same county in a municipal general election to the mayor or similar officer thereof and by publication in the official gazette of the municipality holding the election The General Assembly may enact 354 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL other reasonable regulations and require compliance therewith as a condition of eligibility to hold office in this State Editorial note Section VII was added by an amendment ratified Nov 8 1966 Judge of the probate court was substituted for ordinary by an amendment ratified Nov 5 1974 ARTICLE III LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT Section I Paragraph I Power Vested in General Assembly The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives Section II Paragraph I Apportionment of Senate The Senate shall consist of not less than fiftyfour and not more than fiftysix members Each Senator shall be elected from and represent one Senatorial District The General Assembly may create rearrange and change Senatorial Districts as it deems proper except that each Senatorial District shall be composed of one or more counties or may be composed of a portion of one county but not otherwise The apportionment of the Senate shall be changed by the General Assembly if necessary after each United States decennial census becomes official Editorial note This paragraph was amended in 1962 and 1968 Section III Paragraph I Number of Representatives The House of Representatives shall consist of representatives apportioned among the several counties of the State as follows To the eight counties having the largest population three representatives each to the thirty counties having the next largest population two representatives each and to the remaining counties one representative each Editorial note This paragraph was amended to read as quoted here by an amendment ratified Nov 2 1954 Paragraph II Apportionment Changed How The above apportionment shall be changed by the General Assembly at its LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 355 first session after each census taken by the United States Government in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph I of Section II of this article Section IV Paragraph I Term of Members The members of the General Assembly shall be elected for two years and shall serve until the time fixed by law for the convening of the General Assembly in the year following the second year of such members term of office djirial note This paragraph was changed by an amendment ratified on Nov 6 1962 Paragraph II Election When The first election for members of the General Assembly under this Constitution shall take place on Tuesday after the first Monday in November 1946 and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of election is changed by law Paragraph III Meeting time limit adjournment The General Assembly shall meet in regular session on the second Monday in January 1963 and every oddnumbered year thereafter for no longer than twelve days to organize to receive the proposed General Appropriations Bill and to attend to other matters and reconvene on the second Monday in February of each oddnumbered year for no longer than thirtythree days The General Assembly shall meet in regular session on the second Monday in January 1964 and in every evennumbered year thereafter By concurrent resolution adopted by a majority of members elected to both Houses of the General Assembly the General Assembly may adjourn any regular session to such later date as it may fix for reconvening in regular session but shall remain in regular session no longer than fortyfive days in the aggregate in oddnumbered years and no longer than forty days in the aggregate in evennumbered years during the terms for which members were elected All business pending in the Senate or House at the adjournment of any regular session may be considered at any regular session of the same General Assembly as if there had been no adjournment Nothing herein shall be construed to affect the power of the Governor to convoke the General Assembly in extraordinary 356 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL session or the duty of the Governor to convene the General Assembly in extraordinary session upon the certificate of threefifths of the members elected to the Senate and the House of Representatives as provided in Article V Section I Paragraph XII of this Constitution If any impeachment trial is pending at the end of any regular or extraordinary session the Senate may continue in session until such trial is completed Editorial note This paragraph was changed by amendments ratified on Nov 6 1956 and Nov 6 1962 Paragraph IV Quorum A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide Paragraph V Oath of Members Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State Paragraph VI Eligibility Appointments Forbidden No person holding a military commission or other appointment or office having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under this State or the United States or either of them except Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either house nor shall any Senator or Representative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected unless he shall first resign his seat provided however that during the term for which he was elected no Senator or Representative shall be appointed to any civil office which has been created during such term Paragraph VII Removal From District or County Effect of The seat of a member of either house shall be vacated on his removal from the district or county from which he was elected LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 357 Section V Paragraph I Qualifications of Senators The Senators shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State lor four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected Paragraph II President The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate A President Pro Tempore shall be elected viva voce from the Senators and shall act m case of the deaths resignation or disability of the President or in the event of his succession to the executive power Paragraph III Impeachments The Senate shall have the sole power to try impeachments Paragraph IV Trial of Impeachments When sitting for that Purpose the members shall be on oath or affirmation and shall be presided over by the Chief Justice or the Presiding Justice of the Supreme Court Should the Chief Justice be disqualified the Senate shall select a Justice of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall be convicted without concurrence of twothirds of the members present Paragraph V Judgments in Impeachments Judgments in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this State but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law Section VI Paragraph I Qualifications of Representatives The Representatives shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyone years and who shall have been citizens of this State for two years and for one year residents of the counties from which elected Paragraph II Speaker The presiding officer of the House of Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of the House of Representatives and shall be elected viva voce from the body 358 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Paragraph III Power to Impeach The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to vote impeachment charges against all persons who shall have been or may be in office Section VII Paragraph I Election Returns Etc Disorderly Conduct Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Paragraph II Contempts How Punished Each House may punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session any person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House Paragraph III Privilege of Members The members of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treason felony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either House Paragraph IV Journals and Acts Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after its adjournment The General Assembly shall provide for the publication of the laws passed by each session Paragraph V Where Journals Kept The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of the Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof Paragraph VI Yeas and Nays When Taken The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal Paragraph VII Bills to Be Read Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection but the first and second reading of each local bill shall con LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 359 sist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed Paragraph VIII One Subject Matter Expressed No law shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Paragraph IX General Appropriation Bill The General appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and for support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Paragraph X Bills For Revenue All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Paragraph XI Public Money How Drawn No money shall be drawn from the Treasury except by appropriation made by law Paragraph XII Bills Appropriating Money No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each house are recorded Paragraph XIII Acts Signed Rejected Bills All acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either house shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected Paragraph XIV Majority of Members to Pass Bill No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the Journal 360 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Paragraph XV Notice of Intention to Ask Local Legislation Necessary No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the newspaper in which the Sheriffs advertisements for the locality affected are published once a week for three weeks during a period of sixty days immediately preceding its introduction into the General Assembly No local or special bill shall become law unless there is attached to and made a part of said bill a copy of said notice certified by the publisher or accompanied by an affidavit of the author to the effect that said notice has been published as provided by law No office to which a person has been elected shall be abolished nor the term of the office shortened or lengthened by local or special bill during the term for which such person was elected unless the same be approved by the people of the jurisdiction affected in a referendum on the question Where any local law shall add any member or members to any municipal or county governing authority the members of which are elected by the people such local law must provide that the member or members so added must be elected by the qualified voters of the political subdivision affected under such rules as the General Assembly may in said law provide Paragraph XVI Statutes and Sections of Code How Amended No law or section of the code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Paragraph XVII Corporate Powers How Granted The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the courts it may confer this authority to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to the judges of the superior courts of this State in vacation All corporate powers and privileges to banking trust insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 361 granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law and if in any event the Secretary of State should be disqualified to act in any case then in that event the legislature shall provide by general laws by what person such charter shall be granted Paragraph XVIII Recognizances The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officers Paragraph XIX Yeas and Nays to Be Entered When Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both houses for the passage of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal Paragraph XX Powers of the General Assembly The General Assembly shall have the power to make all laws consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State Paragraph XXI Signature of Governor No provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto to submit constitutional amendments and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly Paragraph XXII Adjournment Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them Paragraph XXIII Zoning and Planning Laws The General Assembly of the State shall have authority to grant the governing authorities of the municipalities and counties authority to pass zoning and planning laws whereby such cities or counties 362 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL may be zoned or districted for various uses and other or different uses prohibited therein and regulating the use for which said zones or districts may be set apart and regulating the plans for development and improvements on real estate therein Paragraph XXIV Veterans Preference Any veteran who has served as a member of the armed forces of the United States during the period of a war or armed conflict in which any branch of the armed forces of the United States engaged whether under United States command or otherwise and was honorably discharged therefrom shall be given such veterans preference in any civil service program established in the state government or any political subdivision thereof as may be determined by appropriate action of the General Assembly Provided however notwithstanding any such action by the General Assembly any veteran who has served as a member of the armed forces of the United States during the period of any war or the Korean Conflict and who was honorably discharged therefrom shall be entitled to and shall receive the following preference in taking a competitive examination for employment with the state government or any political subdivision thereof a Such veteran who has at least a ten per centum service connected disability as rated and certified by the Veterans Administration shall be entitled to and shall have ten points added to his passing score on such examination and b Any other such veteran shall be entitled to and shall have five points added to his passing score on such examination Editorial note Paragraph XXIV was amended in 1968 Paragraph XXV Street Railways The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporate town or city without the consent of the Corporate Authorities Paragraph XXVI The General Assembly in order to insure continuity of State and local governmental operations in periods of emergency resulting from disasters caused by enemy attack shall have the power and the immediate duty LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 363 1 To provide for prompt and temporary succession to the powers and duties of persons holding office in the Executive Judicial and Legislative branches of State and local government whether filled by election or appointment the incumbents of which may become unavailable for carrying on the powers and duties of such offices during such emergency and 2 To adopt such other measures as may be necessary and proper for insuring the continuity of governmental operations during such emergency including but not limited to the suspension of any or all constitutional legislative rule Any legislation herefore adopted by the General Assembly which would have been invalid except for the provisions of this Paragraph is hereby ratified as part of the statute laws of the State of Georgia Editorial note Paragraph XXVI was added by an amendment ratified on Nov 3 1964 Section VIII Paragraph I Officers of the Two Houses The officers of the two houses other than the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House shall be a President Pro Tempore and Secretary of the Senate and Speaker Pro Tempore and Clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as each House may provide for Section IX Paragraph I Compensation Expense and Mileage The per diem of members of the General Assembly shall be 1000 per day plus the additional sum of 500 per day for maintenance expense and the mileage shall not exceed 10 cents for each mile traveled by the nearest practical route in going to and returning from the Capitol but the President Pro Tern of the Senate when serving as presiding officer thereof and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive 1500 per day as per diem plus the additional sum of 500 per day for maintenance expense 364 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Section X Paragraph I Viva Voce Vote Place of Meeting All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of election they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the results Section XI Paragraph I Salaries of Elective Officials How Changed The General Assembly may at any time by a majority vote of both branches prescribe other and different salaries for all of the elective officers provided for in this Constitution but no such change shall diminish the amount of any salary set forth in the Constitution Editorial note This paragraph was altered to read as quoted by an amendment ratified Nov 6 1956 The last clause originally read but no such change shall affect the officers then in commission ARTICLE IV PUBLIC UTILITIES EMINENT DOMAIN POLICE POWER INSURANCE COMPANIES CONTRACTS ETC Section I Paragraph I Public Utility Tariffs and Charges The power and authority of regulating railroad freight and passenger tariffs and of charges of public utilities for their services of preventing unjust discriminations and requiring reasonable and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs and of charges of public utilities are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall be to pass laws from time to time to regulate such tariffs and charges to prohibit unjust discriminations by the various railroad and public utilities of this State and to prohibit said railroads and public utilities from charging other than just and reasonable rates and to enforce the same by adequate penalties provided nevertheless that such power and authority shall never be exercised in any way to regulate LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 365 or fix charges of such public utilities as are or may be owned or operated by any county or municipality of this State except as provided in this Constitution Paragraph II Rebates No public utility company shall give or pay any rebate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or do any act to mislead or deceive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freight or passage or services furnished any such payments shall be illegal and void and these prohibitions shall be enforced by suitable penalties Section II Paragraph I Right of Eminent Domain The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking property and franchises and subjecting them to public use Paragraph II Police Power The exercise of the police power of the state shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit the conduct of business in such manner as to infringe the equal rights of others or the general wellbeing of the State Section III Paragraph I Charters Revived or Amended Subject to Constitution The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing nor alter or amend the same nor pass any other general or special law tor the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its benefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation o said charter and shall bring the same under the provision of this Constitution Section IV Paragraph I Contracts to Defeat Competition All contracts and agreements which may have the effect or be intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition or to encourage 366 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL monopoly shall be illegal and void The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to authorize any such contract or agreement Paragraph II General Assembly to Enforce Article The General Assembly shall enforce the provisions of this Article by appropriate legislation Paragraph III Public Service Commission as Constitutional Officers There shall be a Public Service Commission for the regulation of utilities vested with the jurisdiction powers and duties now provided by law or that may hereafter be prescribed by the General Assembly not inconsistent with other provisions of this Constitution Such Commission shall consist of five members who shall be elected by the people A Chairman shall be selected by the members of the Commission from its membership The first Commission under this amendment shall consist of the commissioners in office at the time of the adoption of this constitutional amendment and they shall serve until December 31 after the general election at which the successor of each member is elected Thereafter all succeeding terms of members shall be for six years The qualifications compensations filling of vacancies manner and time of election power and duties of members of the Commission including the chairman shall be such as are now or may hereafter be provided by the General Assembly Section V Paragraph I Wifes Separate Estate All property of the wife at the time of her marriage and all property given to inherited or acquired by her shall remain her separate property and not be liable for the debts of her husband Section VI Paragraph I Nonresident Insurance Companies All life insurance companies now doing business in this State or which may desire to establish agencies and do business in the State of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the Comptroller General of the State in which they are chartered or of this State the Insurance Commissioner or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 367 thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policyholders Paragraph II License by Comptroller General When such showing is made to the Comptroller General of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State officials having charge of the funds so deposited the Comptroller General of the State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the fees required by law Paragraph III Resident Insurance Companies Guarantee Fund All life insurance companies chartered by the State of Georgia or which may hereafter be chartered by the State shall before doing business deposit with the Comptroller General of the State of Georgia or with some strong corporation which may be approved by said Comptroller General one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash to be subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of the policyholders of the company making such deposit all interest and dividends from such securities to be paid when due to the company so depositing Any such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may be taken from said department at any time by replacing them with other securities equally acceptable to the Comptroller General whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company Paragraph IV General Assembly to Enact Laws for Peoples Protection Etc The General Assembly shall from time to time enact laws to compel all fire insurance companies doing business in this State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit reasonable securities with the Treasurer of this State to secure the people against loss by the operations of said companies Paragraph V Reports By Insurance Companies The General Assembly shall compel all insurance companies in this State or doing business therein under proper penalties to make annual reports to the Comptroller General and print the same at their own expense for the information and protection of the people 368 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL ARTICLE V EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT Section I Paragraph I Governor Term of Office Salary Etc The executive power shall be vested in a Governor who shall hold his office during the term of four years and until his successor shall be chosen and qualified The Governor serving at the time of the adoption of this Constitution and future Governors shall not be eligible to succeed themselves and shall not be eligible to hold the office until after the expiration of four years from the conclusion of his term of office He shall have a salary of seven thousand five hundred dollars per annum until January 1 1947 The salary of the Governor for each year thereafter shall be twelve thousand dollars per annum until otherwise provided by a law passed by a majority vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the United States or either of them or from any foreign power The State officers required by this Constitution to be elected at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor shall also hold office for four years Paragraph II Election for Governor The first election for Governor under this Constitution shall be held on Tuesday after the first Monday in November of 1946 and the Governorelect shall be installed in office at the next session of the General Assembly An election shall take place quadrennially thereafter on said date until another date be fixed by the General Assembly Said election shall be held at the places of holding general elections in the several counties of this State in the manner prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly and the electors shall be the same Paragraph III Transmission Canvassing and Publishing Election Returns The returns of each election district in a gubernatorial election shall be sealed up by the superintendent thereof separately from other returns and shall be transmitted to the Secretary of State On the Tuesday next following the LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 369 general election unless the date therefor shall be changed bv feSeCietSS of State shall transmit said returnf to a Constitutional Officers Election Board which shall be com mSBBBBM and SS of M House of Representatives Resident Pro Tempore and the Secretary of the Senate AlmbChsichapnfHSi nanding committees of the General Assembly buch Board shall open and publish the returns and HM mam majority of thewhole nSmber ofVotes Shaiabt duly elected Governor of this State Each HB foi Gyernor shall be entitled to designate one person to be present at the opening of the returns P 196fjit0rial note Ths Paragraph was altered by an amendment ratified in IV Runoff Election In the event no gubernatorHBH receives a majority of the whole number of votes Pst n the general election the Constitutional Officers Election gubernatorial election by immediately election shall be a continuation of the general mm BMWW were entitled to voten the general election shall be entitled to vote therein and nnlv Sthe VfaheSi aSt iorA tW0 persons designated shall be counted MSiitand cavass ofthe votes cast The provisions relating to the transmission of the returns in the aeneral andtlDubSfltnenivgif the returns their tabulation canfassing and publication shall apply to the runoff election On thf Officers Ekctnl0Rnil M St dccti the Constitutional highest number of votes entitled to be counted in of this1 Stat eCtln ShaI1 be declared the duly elected Governor 1968Jit0rial nte paragraph was altered by an amendment ratified in ceduresTbVAssely may Provide Additional Procedures The General Assembly may provide by law for any 370 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL additional procedures or requirements connected with any subject matter embraced within Paragraphs III and IV and in connection with any contested election provided such laws are not inconsistent with the provisions therein Editorial note This paragraph was altered by an amendment ratified in 1968 Paragraph VI Qualifications of Governor No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the State six years and who shall not have attained the age of thirty years Paragraph VII Lieutenant Governor Succession to Executive Power There shall be a Lieutenant Governor who shall be elected at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor He shall be President of the Senate and shall receive the sum of 200000 per annum In case of the death resignation or disability of the Governor the Lieutenant Governor and in case of the death or resignation of the GovernorElect the Lieutenant GovernorElect who shall be deemed to be the Governors successor upon becoming the Lieutenant Governor shall exercise the executive power and receive the compensation of the Governor until the next general election for members of the General Assembly at which a successor to the Governor shall be elected for the unexpired term but if such death resignation or disability shall occur within thirty days of the next general election or if the term will expire within ninety days after the next general election the Lieutenant Governor shall exercise the executive power and receive the compensation of the Governor for the unexpired term If the Lieutenant Governor shall become a candidate for the unexpired term of the Governor he shall thereby resign his office as Lieutenant Governor effective upon the qualification of the Governor elected for the unexpired term and his successor for the unexpired term shall be elected at such election In case of the death resignation or disability of both the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the executive power until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor at a special election which shall be held within sixty days from the date on which the Speaker of the House LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 371 of Representatives shall assume the executive power A Lieunt SB SU be elected at the general election in Hrel Hpl Qualify at the same time as the Governor Until the qualification of a Lieutenant Governor the provisions of Article V Section I Paragraph VIII of the Constitution of Georgia of 1877 shall remain of full force and effect Editorial note Paragraph VII was amended in 1968 Paragraph VIII Unexpired Terms Filling of The General Assembly shall have power to provide by law for filling unexpired terms by special elections except as provided in this Constitution Paragraph IX Oath of Office The Governor shall before he ers the duties of his office take the following oath or MSMM Jd swear or affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor of the btate of Georgia and will to the best of mv abilitv preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America Paragraph X CommanderinChief The Governor shall be commanderinchief of the army and navy of this State and of the militia thereof Paragraph XI Reprieves and Pardons State Board of Pardons and Paroles The Governor shall have power to suspend the execution of a sentence of death after conviction for offenses against the State until the State Board of Pardons and Paroles hereinafter provided shall have an opportunity of hearing the application of the convicted person for any relief within the power of such Board or for any other purpose which may be deemed necessary by the Governor Upon conviction for treason the Governor may only suspend the execution of the sentence U report the case to the General Assembly at the next meeting thereof when the General Assembly shall either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant a further reprieve The Governor shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body each case of suspension of sentence stating the name of the convict the offense for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the reprieve or suspension and the reasons for granting the same 372 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State There shall be a State Board of Pardons and Paroles to be composed of not less than five or more than seven members the number to be determined by the General Assembly Until changed by the General Assembly the Board shall consist of three members The additional members of the Board if added by the General Assembly and the successors to the present members and all members of the Board who are subsequently appointed to fill vacancies shall continue to serve on the Board for a period of seven years or until they shall be removed from office for cause by the unanimous action of the Governor Lieutenant Governor and Attorney General or by the judgment of the Senate in a trial of impeachment All appointments to the Board shall be made by the Governor and shall be subject to the confirmation of the Senate The present members of the Board shall serve out the terms to which they were appointed The Governor shall not be a member of the State Board of Pardons and Paroles The General Assembly shall fix the compensation of the members of the Board but until changed by the General Assembly the members shall continue to receive that compensation which the present members are receiving The State Board of Pardons and Paroles shall have power to grant reprieves pardons and paroles to commute penalties remove disabilities imposed by law and may remit any part of a sentence for any offense against the State after conviction except in cases of treason or impeachment and except in cases in which the Governor refuses to suspend a sentence of death Provided that such board shall act on all applications within 90 days from the filing of same and in all cases a majority shall decide the action of the Board If any member for any cause is unable to serve in any case involving capital punishment when the Board shall consist of three members the Governor shall act as the third member of said Board and the action so taken in such instance shall be by unanimous vote The State Board of Pardons and Paroles shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body in full detail each case of pardon parole commutation removal of the convict the offense for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the pardon parole commutation removal of disabilities or remission of sentence and the reasons for granting the same and the State Board of LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 373 Pardons and Paroles may make rules and regulations as may be authorized by law Each year the Board shall elect one of its members to serve as Chairman of the Board for the ensuing year The General Assembly may enact laws in aid of but not inconsistent with this Paragraph 7 1972rial note ParaSraPh XI was altered by an amendment ratified November Paragraph XII Writs of Election Called Sessions of the General Assembly The Governor shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate and the House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly irom time to time information of the State of the Commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient The Governor shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be enacted at called sessions of the General Assembly except such as shall relate to the object stated m his proclamation convening them providing that such called sessions of the General Assembly shall not exceed 70 days m length unless at the expiration of said period there shall be pending an impeachment trial of some officer of the State Government in which event the General Assembly will be authorized to remain in session until such trial shall have been completed Provided however that when threefifths of the members elected to the House of Representatives and threefifths of the members elected to the Senate shall have certified to the Governor of the State of Georgia that in their opinion an emergency exists in the affairs of the State of Georgia it shall thereupon be the duty of said Governor and mandatory upon him thin flve day from the receipt of such certificate or certificates to convene said General Assembly in extraordinary session for all purposes and in the event said Governor shall witlun said time Sundays excluded fail or refuse to convene said General Assembly as aforesaid then and in that event said General Assembly may convene itself in extraordinary session as if convened m regular session for all purposes provided that such extraordinary self convened session shall be limited to a period of 30 days unless at the expiration of said period there 374 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL shall be pending an impeachment trial of some officer of the State Government in which event the General Assembly shall be authorized to remain in session until such trial shall have been completed The members of the General Assembly shall receive the same per diem and mileage during such extraordinary session as is now or may be hereafter provided Paragraph XIII Filling Vacancies When any office shall become vacant by death resignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided by law and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution or by law in pursuance thereof Paragraph XIV Appointments Rejected A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter Paragraph XV Governors veto The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding his veto and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sundays excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return in which event the Governor shall have thirty days Sundays excepted from the date of adjournment in which to approve the same and if not approved within that time the same shall become a law He may approve any appropriation and veto any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House Whenever such bill has been vetoed by the Governor it shall be the duty of the Governor to transmit such bill to the presiding officer of the Branch of the General Assembly in which it originated together with a list of reasons if any for such veto Such transmission shall be made within thirtyfive days Sundays excepted from the date of the adjournment of the LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 375 Session of the General Assembly at which such bill was passed Such bill may be considered by the Branch of the Generai Assembly m which it originated at any time within the first ten days of the next regular Session of the General Assembly for the purpose of overriding the action of the Governor In the event the action of the Governor is overriden by twothirds of the votes of such Branch of the General Assembly the same shall be immediately transmitted by the Secretary of or the Clerk of SvCnranc General Assembly to the other Branch of the General Assembly It shall be the duty of the presiding officer of such other Branch of the General Assembly upon receiving such Bill to dispense with all business that is then being considered and to then and there consider and act upon such Bill for the purpose of overriding the action of the Governor In the event the action of the Governor is overriden by twothirds of the votes of such Branch of the General Assembly such Bill shall become law In the event either Branch of the General Assembly should fail to override the Governors action on a Bill such Bill shall not again be presented to the General Assembly of Georgia for the purpose of overriding the action of the Governor In the event any bill is enacted into law pursuant to the terms of this paragraph the effective date of such bill shall be on the date that such bill was acted upon by the Branch of the General Assembly last acting upon such bill Provided however that any bills that are vetoed by the Governor after the adjournment of the regular session of the Genera Assembly immediately preceding the general election in which the Governor is elected shall not be subject to be overridden by the next regular session of the General Assembly 4 52 and Nov chan8ed by amendments ratified on Nov Paragraph XVI Governor to Approve Resolutions Etc Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it ii effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each house provided however that nothing contained in this Article shall be construed to confer on the Governor the right to veto or enter his disap 376 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL proval of any proposal made by the General Assembly to amend this Constitution Paragraph XVII Information From Officers and Employees Suspension of Officers The Governor may require information in writing from Constitutional officers department heads and all State employees on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices or employment The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of any Constitutional officer or department head from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same Section II Other Executive Officers Paragraph I Executive Officers How Elected The Secretary of State Attorney General State School Superintendent Comptroller General Commissioner of Agriculture and the Commissioner of Labor shall be elected by the persons qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor The provisions of the Constitution as to the transmission tabulation and canvassing of the returns of the election runoff elections contested elections and declaration of the results of the election applicable to the election of Governor shall apply to the election of the abovenamed executive officers and they shall be commissioned by the Governor and hold their offices for the same time as the Governor In case of the death or withdrawal of a person having received a majority of the whole number of votes cast in an election for any of the abovenamed offices the Governor elected at such election upon becoming Governor shall have the power to fill such office by appointing subject to the confirmation of the Senate an individual to serve until the next general election at which time a successor shall be elected to serve out the unexpired term of office Editorial note This paragraph was amended in 1968 Treasurer was removed by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Paragraph II Duties Authority and Salaries of Other Executive Officers The General Assembly shall have power to LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 377 prescribe the duties authority and salaries of the executive officers and to provide help and expenses necessary for the operation of the department of each Paragraph III Profit From Use of Public Money No State official shall be allowed directly or indirectly to receive anv tee interest or reward from any person bank or corporation for the deposit or use in any manner of the public funds and penaltiesra Assembly sba11 enfrce this provision by suitable pW Qualifications No person shall be eligible to the office of the Secretary of State Attorney General State School Superintendent Comptroller General Commissioner of Agriculture and Commissioner of Labor unless he shall have been a citizen of the United States for ten years and shall have resided m this State for six years next preceding his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when elected All of said officers shall give bond and security under regulation to be prescribed by law for the faithful discharge of their duties menEtdratifkdnNoUmbeTem2WaS B Paragraph IV jl g amend Paragraph V Fees and Perquisites Denied No State official named m Paragraph I of this Section shall be allowed any fee perquisite or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by law except their necessary expenses when absent from the seat of government on business for the State Section III BBBBH 1 Great Seal What Constitutes Custody When Affixed to Instruments The great seal of the State shall be de Pllte j 1 the offlce of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall be the great seal of the State until otherwise provided by law Section IV Board of Natural Resources Paragraph I Creation Membership Appointment Terms of Uffice Powers and Duties Compensation There is hereby 378 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL created a Board of Natural Resources Said Board of Natural Resources shall consist of one member from each Congressional District in this State and one additional member from one of the following named counties towit Chatham Bryan Liberty McIntosh Glynn or Camden and four members from the State at Large The first members of the Board of Natural Resources shall consist of those members of the State Game and Fish Commission in office at the time this paragraph is adopted with terms provided by law The four members from the State at Large shall be appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate initially their appointments shall be for terms of one three five and seven years respectively to be designated by the Governor Thereafter all succeeding appointments of members of the Board of Natural Resources shall be made by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate for a term of seven years from the expiration of the previous term except in case of an unexpired term Insofar as it is practicable the members of the Board shall be representative of all areas and functions encompassed within the Department of Natural Resources All members of the Board of Natural Resources shall hold office until their successors are appointed and qualified Vacancies in office shall be filled by appointment of the Governor and submitted to the Senate for confirmation at the next session of the General Assembly after the making of the appointment The Board of Natural Resources shall have such powers authority duties and shall receive such compensation and expenses as may be delegated or provided for by the General Assembly Editorial note Paragraph I was altered by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Section V State Board of Corrections Paragraph I State Board of Corrections How Composed Director There shall be a State Board of Corrections composed of five members in charge of the State Penal System The Board shall have such jurisdiction powers duties and control of the State Penal System and the inmates thereof as shall be provided by law The Board shall elect a Director of Corrections who shall be the executive officer of the Board The Board of Corrections LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 379 shall be appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate The first appointment shall be for terms of one two three four and five years and their successors shall be appointed tor terms of five years each The compensation of the Director and members of the Board shall be fixed by law Section VI State Department of Veterans Service Paragraph I Veterans Service Board How Composed Director There shall be a State Department of Veterans Service and Veterans Service Board composed of seven members who shall nave such control duties powers and jurisdiction of the State Department of Veterans Service as shall be provided by law Said Board shall appoint a director who shall be the executive otticer of the Department Members of the Board shall be appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate and all members of the Board and the Director shall be veterans of some war in which the United States has engaged The first appointments shall be for terms of one two three tour five six and seven years Thereafter all terms and appointments except m case of vacancy shall be for seven years Vacancies shall be filled by appointment of the Governor Sections VII VIII and IX Editorial note These sections create industrial development authorities for Bacon Banks Barrow Berrien Candler and 97 othercounties or ckies Thev Pjj sfme 4f9 Pa8es and are omitted here For citations to the Georgia Laws where the detailed provisions on these authorities can be found see the Table of S t0 the i9t5T ponstitution of Georgia published by the Institute of Law and Government University of Georgia Athens Georgia Section X Department of Community Development Paragraph I There is hereby created the Department of Community Development in lieu of and as successor to the Department of Industry and Trade Wherever the words Deign 0fi 18 and Trade are used in any statute they shall be held and taken to mean the Department of Communitv Development There is hereby created a Board of Community 380 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Development in lieu of and as successor to the Board of Commissioners of the Department of Industry and Trade Wherever the words Board of Commissioners of the Department of Industry and Trade are used in any statute they shall be held and taken to mean the Board of Community Development The Board shall be composed of twenty members two from each Congressional District in the State The Board shall be the policy determining body of the Department and shall have such duties powers authority and jurisdiction relating to the Department as shall be provided by law Nothing herein shall affect the terms of office of members of the Board of Commissioners now in office and such members shall serve out the remainder of their respective terms and until their successors are duly elected and qualified as hereunder provided The successors to such members except in case of an appointment to fill a vacancy shall be for six years dating from April 1 of the beginning year of such term The Governor shall appoint all successors In the event a vacancy occurs on the Board the Governor shall appoint a person to serve the unexpired term In making appointments to the Board the Governor shall insure that there is representation from local governments and area planning and development commissions as provided by law The Board shall appoint a Commissioner who shall be the Executive Officer and Administrative Head of the Department Editorial note Section X Paragraph 1 was added by an amendment ratified November 6 1962 and altered by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Paragraph II In addition to such powers and duties as may from time to time be conferred upon the Board of Community Development and the Department of Community Development the Board of Community Development shall be authorized to participate with any county municipality nonprofit organization or any combination thereof in the operation of any of the facilities operated by such agencies for the purpose of encouraging and promoting tourism in this state notwithstanding any other provisions of this Constitution to the contrary Editorial note Paragraph II was added by an amendment ratified November 8 1966 and altered by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Section XI Paragraph I State Transportation Board Created There shall be a State Transportation Board composed of as many LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 381 members as there are Congressional Districts in the State v it nemer of the Board from each Congressional District shall be elected by a majority vote of the members of the House of Representatives and Senate from the counties and Senatorial Districts embraced or partly embraced within such Congressional District meeting in caucus All members shall be elected for terms of five years each and until their successors are duly elected and qualified Nothing herein shall affect the terms of office of members of the State Highway Board now in office and such members shall serve out the remainder of their respective terms as members of the State Transportation Board and until their successors are duly elected and qualified as hereunder provided The successors to such members as their respective terms expire shall be elected by the General Assembly as provided herein and pursuant to the provisions of law enacted or as may hereafter be enacted to implement this Paragraph The State Transportation Board shall elect a Commissioner of the Department of Transportation who shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Transportation except that the Director of the State Highway Department m office at the time of approval hereof shall not be affected except that his title shall be changed from Director of the State Highway Department to Commissioner of the Department of transportation and such Commissioner shall serve out the remainder of his term as Director of the State Highway Department as now provided by law The General Assembly shall define by law the powers duties qualifications and compensation of the Board and of the Commissioner and shall by law prescribe the manner time and procedure for the election of members of the Board and the manner of filling vacancies therein Paragraph II In order to fully comply with that certain t on ooc onigrss United States known as Public Law 89285 89th Congress S 2084 approved October 22 1965 and which said Public Law amended Section 131 of Title 23 United States Code and revised the same so as to provide for the Control of Outdoor Advertising on the Interstate or Primary Systems of FederalAid Highways provided for bonus payments to the States complying with such public law and also provided penalties for noncompliance and which said described Public Law further amended Chapter 1 of Title 23 382 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL of said United States Code by adding thereto a new Section to provide for the Control of Junk Yards on such Interstate and Primary Systems of FederalAid Highways and provided that Federal funds available to the States for highway purposes should be reduced by 20 percent for failure to comply with such provisions and which said Public Law further amended and revised Section 319 of Title 23 of said United States Code so as to provide for a Landscaping and Scenic Enhancement and which amendment and revision of said Section provided for a bonus of 3 percent of Federal funds otherwise available to the State as an incentive for compliance with said provision of said Public Law and in order to promote the reasonable orderly and effective display of Outdoor Advertising in accordance with the provisions of said described Act of Congress of the United States and consistent with the purposes of this provision of the Constitution the State of Georgia acting by and through the Department of Transportation is hereby authorized to acquire either by negotiation or through the exercise of the Power of Eminent Domain upon the payment of just and adequate compensation easements or other interests in private property for the purpose of acquiring the title to and the right to remove or require removal of any billboards or other outdoor advertising which may exist upon such property at the time of the ratification of this amendment and within a distance of 660 feet of the nearest edge of the rightofway line of any StateAid highway which is a part of the Interstate or Primary System of FederalAid Highways provided however that as to any such advertising sign display or device lawfully in existence upon any of such described highways on September 1 1965 the owner of such advertising sign display or device shall not be required to remove the same until July 1 1970 and as to such described sign the provision of this amendment shall not become effective until said date of July 1 1970 except that the State may acquire the right to remove the same by voluntary negotiation with the owner thereof The State acting by and through the Department of Transportation shall be further authorized to acquire either by negotiation or through the exercise of the Power of Eminent Domain upon payment of just and adequate compensation easements or other interest in land within a distance of 1000 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 383 feet of the nearest edge of the rightofway line of any StateAid road which is a part of the Federal Interstate or Primary Systems of Highways for the purpose of requiring the owners oi junk yards existing upon such property to remove the same or to screen them from public view in accordance with regulations which the State Transportation Board is hereby authorized to make and publish in such respect which regulations shall conform to and comply with such described Public Lawprovided however that any junk yard which was in existence on the date of the approval of said described Public Law on October 22 1965 and which the Commissioner of the Department of Transportation finds as a practical matter cannot be screened and which finding is approved by the Secretary of Commerce acting by and through the United States Bureau of Public Roads in accordance with subparagraph h of Title of said Public Laws the owner of such described junk yard 1 Pot ae HH to femve the same until July 1 1970and the provisions of this amendment under such described circumstances shall not be applicable except that the Department of Transportation shall be authorized to acquire the right saV yard or to screen the same in accordance with the requirements of said Public Law by voluntary negotiation and with the further exception that where the Secretary 5 acting by and through the United States Bureau o Public Roads refuses to approve the continued maintenance raHir1 yard until July 1 1970 the provisions of this Act shall become immediately applicable upon a proper certificate being made and entered by the Commissioner of the Department of Transportation showing the fact of such refusal The necessity for such acquisition as set forth in the preceding paragraphs of this Section as a part of that portion of the StateAid System of Public Roads which are also a part of the Federal Interstate or Primary System is hereby declared in order to avoid the loss of large sums of money which would be otherwise granted to the State in the construction and maintenance of such Road System by the United States Government The General Assembly shall have full authority to zone property within a distance of 1000 feet of the nearest edge 384 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL of the rightofway line of any StateAid Road which is also a part of the Federal Interstate System or Primary System for commercial or industrial purposes and in respect thereto to also zone such property in respect to the location of advertising signs displays or devices or in respect to the establishment removal or control of junk yards and to provide for rules and regulations governing both advertising and junk yards all in conformance to and in compliance with the provisions of said Public Law of the United States Congress The General Assembly shall have full authority to enact such legislation as will enable this State acting by and through the Department of Transportation to fully comply with Title III of said described Public Law and in respect to Landscaping and Scenic Enhancement and in such manner as to enable this State to take advantage of the bonus payment to the State from the Federal Government as provided for in said Title Paragraph III Wherever the words State Highway Board are used in any statute they shall be held and taken to mean the State Transportation Board Wherever the word Director is used ip connection with the Department of Transportation or State Highway Department in any statute it shall be held and taken to mean Commissioner Wherever the words State Highway Department or State Highway Department of Georgia are used in any statute they shall be held and taken to mean the Department of Transportation Editorial note Section XI was added by an amendment ratified November 3 1964 and altered by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 ARTICLE VI JUDICIARY Section I Paragraph I Courts Enumerated The judicial powers of this State shall be vested in a Supreme Court a Court of Appeals Superior Courts Probate Courts Justices of the Peace Notaries LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 385 Public who are ex officio Justices of the Peace and such other Courts as have been or may be established by law vJditriaio0tnTuis para8raph was alterecl by an amendment ratified November 5 1974 Probate Courts was inserted in lieu of Courts of Ordinary Editorial note For local amendments affecting the courts of Chatham Clayton bHU 4n ir any coPnty with a Population of 300000 Muscogee Richmond and Rockdale counties see the Cumulative Supplement to Book I of the Code of Georgia Annotated Paragraph II Unified Judicial System For the purposes of administration all of the courts of the State shall be a part of one unified judicial system The administration of the unified judicial system shall be as provided by law As used herein administration does not include abolition or creation of courts selection of judges or jurisdictional provisions other than as otherwise authorized in this Constitution The administration provided herein shall only be performed by the unified judicial system itself and shall not be administered to or controlled by any other department of Government 5 nte Paragraph 11 was added by an amendment ratified November Section II Paragraph I Supreme Court Justices Quorum The Supreme Court shall consist of seven associate justices who shall from time to time as they may deem proper elect one of their members as Chief Justice and one as Presiding Justice the otiice f Chief Justice as it has heretofore existed under this Constitution being hereby converted into the office of an associate justice with the same right of incumbency and the same succession as to terms as applied to the former office l Yustlce so elected by the other Justices shall be the chief presiding and administrative officer of the court and the presiding Justice elected in like manner shall perform all the duties devolving upon the Chief Justice when he is absent or disqualified A majority of the court shall constitute a quorum wiara8Taph IL Court to Designate Judges to Preside When When one or more of the Justices of the Supreme Court are disqualified from deciding any case by interest or otherwise the qualified Justices shall designate a judge or judges of the superior Court to preside in said case provided that if all 386 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL the justices are disqualified they or a majority of them shall despite their disqualification select seven judges of the Superior Court to preside in the cause but they shall make such selections by lot and in open court from not less than twelve names of such Superior Court judges Paragraph III Terms of Office The Justices aforesaid shall hold their offices for six years and until their successors are qualified They shall be elected by the people at the same time and in the same manner as members of the General Assembly provided that the successors to the two incumbents whose terms will expire on December 31 1946 shall be elected for the succeeding terms at the time of electing members of the General Assembly during that year successors to the two incumbents whose terms will expire on December 31 1948 shall be elected in like manner during that year successors to the two incumbents whose terms will expire on December 31 1950 shall be elected in like manner during that year and provided further that an additional or seventh Justice shall be immediately appointed by the Governor his tenure under such appointment to expire on December 31 1946 and his successor for the ensuing regular term of six years to be elected at the time and in the manner aforesaid at such general election to be held during that year and all terms except unexpired terms shall be for six years In case of any vacancy which causes an unexpired term the same shall be filled by executive appointment and the person appointed by the Governor shall hold his office until the next regular election and until his successor for the balance of the unexpired term shall have been elected and qualified The returns of such elections shall be made to the Secretary of State who shall certify the result to the Governor and commission shall issue accordingly Paragraph IV Jurisdiction of Supreme Court The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a court alone for the trial and correction of errors of law from the superior courts and the city courts of Atlanta and Savannah as existed on August 16 1916 and such other like courts as have been or may hereafter be established in other cities in all cases that involve the construction of the Constitution of the State of Georgia or of the United States or of treaties between the United States and foreign governments in all cases in which LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 387 the constitutionality of any law of the State of Georgia or of the United States is drawn in question and until otherwise provided by law in all cases respecting title to land in all equity cases in all cases which involve the validity of or the construction of wills in all cases of conviction of a capital felony in all habeas corpus cases in all cases involving extraordinary remedies in all divorce and alimony cases and in all cases certified to it by the Court of Appeals for its determination It shall also be competent for the Supreme Court to require by certiorari or otherwise any case to be certified to the Supreme Xrlir0m Court of Appeals for review and determination with the same power and authority as if the case had been carried by wnt of error to the Supreme Court Any case carried to the Supreme Court or to the Court of Appeals which belongs to the class of which the other court has jurisdiction shall until otherwise provided by law be transferred to the other court under such rules as the Supreme Court may prescribe and the cases so transferred shall be heard and determined by the court which has jurisdiction thereof The General Assembly may provide for carrying cases or certain classes of cases to the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals from the trial courts otherwise than by writ of error and may prescribe conditions 1 to the right of a party litigant to have his case reviewed by Supreme Court or Court of Appeals The Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction of and shall decide cases transferred to it by the Court of Appeals because of an equal division between the judges of that Court when sitting as a body for the determination of cases Paragraph V Cases How Disposed Of The Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals shall dispose of every case at the term for which it is entered on the courts docket for hearing as provided by Paragraph VIII of this Article and Section or at the next term If the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared to prosecute the case at the term for which it is so entered for hearing unless prevented by providential cause it shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed No writ of error shall be dismissed because of delay m transmission of the bill of exceptions and the copy of the record or either of them resulting from the default of the clerk or other cause unless it shall appear that the plaintiff in error or his counsel caused such delay Nothing herein shall be con 388 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL strued to excuse the clerk for any omission of duty or to relieve him of any liability resulting therefrom Paragraph VI Judgments May Be Withheld In any case the Court may in its discretion withhold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued Paragraph VII The Supreme Court How Cases To Be Heard and Determined The Supreme Court shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting in a body under such regulations as may be prescribed by it Paragraph VIII Court of Appeals The Court of Appeals shall consist of the Judges provided therefor by law at the time of the ratification of this amendment and of such additional Judges as the General Assembly shall from time to time prescribe All terms of the Judges of the Court of Appeals after the expiration of the terms of the Judges provided for by law at the time of the ratification of this amendment except unexpired terms shall continue six years and until their successors are qualified The times and manner of electing Judges and the mode of filling a vacancy which causes an unexpired term shall be the same as are or may be provided for by the laws relating to the election and appointment of Justices of the Supreme Court The Court of Appeals shall have jurisdiction for the trial and correction of errors of law from the superior courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah as they existed on August 19 1916 and such other like courts as have been or may hereafter be established in other cities in all cases in which such jurisdiction has not been conferred by this Constitution upon the Supreme Court and in such other cases as may hereafter be prescribed by law except that where a case is pending in the Court of Appeals and the Court of Appeals desires instruction from the Supreme Court it may certify the same to the Supreme Court and thereupon a transcript of the record shall be transmitted to the Supreme Court which after having afforded to the parties an opportunity to be heard thereon shall instruct the Court of Appeals on the question so certified and the Court of Appeals shall be bound by the instruction so given But if by reason of equal division of opinion among the Justices of the Supreme Court no such instruction is given the Court of Appeals may decide the question LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 389 The manner of certifying questions to the Supreme Court by the Court of Appeals and the subsequent proceedings in regard to f9B M the Supreme Court shall be as the Supreme Court shall by its rules prescribe until otherwise provided by law No affirmance of the judgment of the court below in cases pending in the Court of Appeals shall result from delay in disposing of questions or cases certified from the Court of Appeals to the Supreme Court or as to which such certificate has been required by the Supreme Court as hereinbefore provided All writs of error in the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals when received by its clerk during a term of the Court and before the docket of the term is by order of the Court closed shall be entered thereon and when received at any other time shall be entered on the docket of the next term and they shallstand for hearing at the term for which they are so entered under such rules as the Court may prescribe until otherwise provided by law The Court of Appeals shall appoint a clerk and a sheriff of the court The reporter of the Supreme Court shall be reporter of the Court of Appeals until otherwise provided by law The laws relating to the Supreme Court as to qualifications and salaries of Judges the designation of other Judges to preside when members of the Court are disqualified the powers duties salaries fees and terms of officers the mode of carrying cases to the Court the powers practice procedure times of sitting and costs of the Court the publication of reports of cases decided therein and in all other respects except as otherwise provided in this Constitution or by the laws as to the Court of Appeals at the time of the ratification of this amendment and until otherwise provided by law shall apply to the Court of Appeals so far as they can be made to apply The decisions of the Supreme Court shall bind the Court of Appeals as precedents The Court of Appeals shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting in a body except as may be otherwise provided by the General Assembly In the event of an equal division of judges on any case when the Court is sitting as a body the case shall be immediately transferred to the Supreme Court Paragraph IX The Supreme Court and Court of Appeals shall have judisdiction to review by direct writ of error and without the necessity of a motion for new trial having been made 390 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL all final judgments orders decrees and adjudications rendered by any juvenile court created or referred to in an Act of the General Assembly approved February 19 1951 Ga Laws 1951 p 291 as amended and any other juvenile court that may be hereafter established and it shall further be the duty of the District Attorney of the judicial circuit within which juvenile court or courts are located to represent the juvenile court on such appeals The time for filing such bill of exceptions and the procedure governing same shall be as now provided by law for appeals or as may hereafter be provided by law but in any case the Juvenile Judge may by order grant extensions of time for the filing of such bill of exceptions so as to afford opportunity for preparation of a brief or transcript of evidence in cases where such is required Editorial note Paragraph IX was added by an amendment in 1956 and amended in 1968 Paragraph X State Court of Claims jurisdiction appeals The General Assembly is hereby authorized to create and establish a State Court of Claims with jurisdiction to try and dispose of cases involving claims for injury or damage except the taking of private property for public purposes against the State of Georgia its agencies or political subdivisions as the General Assembly may provide by law Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution the General Assembly may provide for exclusive jurisdiction over such cases in the State Court of Claims provide for trial of such cases without a jury and prescribe the place and manner in which such cases may be brought and tried The Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals shall have original jurisdiction to try and correct errors of law from such State Court of Claims according to the method of appeal to said courts now provided for or as may hereafter be provided by law Nothing contained herein shall constitute a waiver of the immunity of the State from suit but such sovereign immunity is expressly reserved except to the extent of any waiver of immunity provided in this Constitution and such waiver or qualification of immunity as is now or may hereafter be provided by act of the General Assembly Editorial note Paragraph X was added by an amendment ratified November 5 1974 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 391 Section III Superior Courts Terms Etc of Superior Court Judges There shall be a judge of the Superior Courts for each judicial circuit whose term of office shall be for four years and until his successor is qualified He may act in other circuits when authorized by law The legislature shall have authority to add one or more additional judges of the superior court for any judicial circuit m this State and shall have authority to regulate the manner in which the judges of such circuits shall dispose of the business thereof and shall fix the time at which the term or terms of office of such additional judge or judges shall begin and the manner of his appointment or election and shall have authority irom time to time to add to the number of such judges in any judicial circuit or to reduce the number of judges in any judicial circuit provided that at all times there shall be at least one judge m every judicial circuit of this State Paragraph II Elections When to Be Held The successors to the present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the circuit wherein the superior court judge is to serve who are entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held for such members next preceding the expiration of their respective terms 1966it0rial nte Paragraph 11 was aItered by an amendment ratified Nov 8 Paragraph III Terms Begin When The terms of the judges if be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their elections fffPfji occasioned by death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointments of the Governor until the first day oi January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs elecTed electlon a successor for the unexpired term shall be Section IV Paragraph I Exclusive Jurisdiction Except in Juvenile Cases the Superior Courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction in cases 392 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL of divorce in criminal cases where the offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement in the penitentiary except in the case of juvenile offenders as provided by law in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases Editorial note Paragraph I was altered by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Paragraph II Equity May Be Merged in Common Law Courts The General Assembly may confer upon the Courts of Common Law all the powers heretofore exercised by Courts of Equity in this State Paragraph III General Jurisdiction Said Courts shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases except as hereinafter provided Paragraph IV Appellate Jurisdiction They shall have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may be provided by law Paragraph V Certiorari Mandamus Etc They shall have power to correct errors in inferior judicatories by writ of certiorari which shall only issue on the sanction of the Judge and said Courts and the judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus prohibition scire facias and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall have such other powers as are or may be conferred on them by law Paragraph VI New Trials The Superior and City Courts may grant new trials on legal grounds Paragraph VII Judgment of the Court The Court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases except actions ex delicto where no issuable defense is filed except as otherwise provided in this Constitution and subject to the right of trial by a jury on written demand of either party Paragraph VIII Sessions The Superior courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law The judges of said courts may on reasonable notice to the parties at any time in vacation at chambers hear and determine by interlocutory or final judgment any matter or issue where a jury verdict is not required or may be waived LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 393 Paragraph IX Presiding Judge Disqualified The General Assembly may provide by law for the appointment of some proper person to preside in cases where the presiding judge is from any cause disqualified Section V Paragraph I Judges of Superior and City Courts May Alternate When In any county within which there is or hereafter may be a City Court the Judge of said Court and of the Superior Court may preside in the Courts of each other in cases where the judge of either Court is disqualified to preside Section VI PROBATE COURT Paragraph I Probate Court Judge of Probate Court Appeals The powers of a court of probate shall be vested in the Probate Court and the Judge of the Probate Court for each county from whose decisions there may be an appeal or by consent of the parties without a decision to the Superior Court under regulations prescribed by law Paragraph II Powers a The Probate Courts shall have such powers in relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conferred on them by law b The Probate Courts shall have jurisdiction to issue warrants try cases and impose sentences thereon in all misdemeanor cases arising under the Act known as the Georgia State Highway Patrol Act of 1937 and other traffic laws and in all cases arising under the Compulsory School Attendance Law in all counties of this State in which there is no State court provided the defendant waives a jury trial Like jurisdiction is also conferred upon the judges of the police courts of incorporated cities and municipal court judges for offenses arising under the Georgia State Highway Patrol Act of 1937 and other traffic laws of the State within their respective jurisdictions Paragraph III Term of Office The Judge of the Probate Court shall hold his office for a term of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified 394 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Paragraph IV Constitution and Statutes Wherever the words Ordinary or Ordinaries or the words Court of Ordinary or Courts of Ordinary appear in this Constitution or in any statutes of this State and such words refer to the county officer heretofore known and designated as the Ordinary or the court heretofore known and designated as the Court of Ordinary such words are hereby stricken and the words Judge of the Probate Court or Judges of the Probate Courts or the words Probate Court or Probate Courts respectively are hereby inserted in lieu of such stricken words The changing of the name of the Ordinary and the Court of Ordinary to Judge of the Probate Court and Probate Court respectively shall not affect the status of any matter pending before any such officer or any such court at the time this Paragraph becomes effective and any such matter may be continued or disposed of by the Judge of the Probate Court or by the Probate Court as the case may be Editorial note This section was altered by an amendment ratified November 5 1974 Section VII Justices of the Peace Paragraph I Number and Term of office There shall be in each militia district one justice of the peace whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be for four years Provided however that the General Assembly may in its discretion abolish justice courts and the office of justice of the peace and of notary public exofficio justice of the peace in any city of this State having a population of over twenty thousand and establish in lieu thereof such court or courts or system of courts as the General Assembly may in its discretion deem necessary conferring upon such new court or courts or system of courts when so established the jurisdiction as to subject matter now exercised by justice courts and by justices of the peace and notaries public exofficio justices of the peace together with such additional jurisdiction either as to amount or submatter as may be provided by law whereof some other court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitution together with such provision as to rules and procedure in such courts and as to new trials and the correction LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 395 of errors m and by said courts and with such further provision for the correction of errors by the Superior Court or Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or authorize Any court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down m Paragraph I of Section IX of Article VI of the Constitution of Georgia Provided however that the General Assembly may m its discretion abolish justice courts and the office of justice of the peace and notary public exofficio justice of the peace m any county in this State having within its borders a city having a population of over twenty thousand and as well m the County of Glynn and establish in lieu thereof such court or courts or system of courts as the General Assembly may m its discretion deem necessary or conferring upon existing courts by extension of their jurisdiction as to ssubject matter now exercised by justice courts and by justices of the peace and notaries public exofficio justices of the peace together with such additional jurisdiction either as to amount or to subjectmatter as may be provided by law whereof some other court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitutiontogether also with such provisions as to rules and procedure in such courts and as to new trials and the correction of errors m and by said courts and with such further provision for the correction of errors by the Superior Court or the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or authorize The civil court of Fulton County shall have jurisdiction in Fulton County and outside the city limits of Atlanta either concurrently with or supplemental to or in lieu of justice courts as may be now or hereafter provided by law Any court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down in Paragraph I of Section IX of Article VI of the Constitution of Georgia Jurisdictions Justices of the peace shall have jurisdiction m all civil cases arising ex contractu and in cases of injury or damage to and conversion of personal property when the principal sum does not exceed two hundred dollars and shall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may be an appeal to a jury in said court or an appeal to the Superior Court under such regulations as may be prescribed by law 396 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Paragraph III Elections and Commissions Justices of the peace shall be elected by the legal voters in their respective districts and shall be commissioned by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office Section VIII Notaries Public Paragraph I Appointment Number Term Removal Commissioned notaries public not to exceed one for each militia district may be appointed by the judges of the superior courts in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries of the several counties They shall be commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall be exofficio justices of the peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office Section IX Uniformity of Courts Paragraph I Uniformity Provided For Except as otherwise provided in this Constitution the jurisdiction powers proceedings and practice of all courts or officers invested with judicial powers except City Courts of the same grade or class so far as regulated by law and the force and effect of the process judgment and decree by such courts severally shall be uniform This uniformity must be established by the General Assembly and in case of City Courts may be established by the General Assembly Section X Attorney General Paragraph I Election Term of Office There shall be an Attorney General of this State who shall be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor Paragraph II Duties It shall be the duty of the Attorney General to act as the legal advisor of the Executive Department LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 397 to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all capital felonies and in all civil and criminal cases in any court when required by the Governor and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law Section XI District Attorney Paragraph I Number term of office vacancies There shall be a district attorney for each judicial circuit whose official term except to fill a vacancy shall be four years The successors of present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the circuit wherein the district attorney is to serve who are qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of 30 days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected Eilorial note Paragraph I was altered by amendments ratified in 1966 and 1968 Paragraph II It shall be the duty of the district attorney to represent the State in all cases in the superior court of his circuit and in all cases taken up from the superior courts of his circuit to the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law Editorial note Paragraph II was altered by an amendment ratified in 1968 Paragraph III Wherever the words solicitor general are used in any statute they shall be held and taken to mean the district attorney Editorial note Paragraph III was altered by an amendment ratified in 1968 Section XII Salaries of Justices Judges and District Attorneys Paragraph I Salaries of Justices Judges and District Attorneys The Justices of the Supreme Court each shall have out 398 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL of the treasury of the State salaries of not less than 8000 per annum the Judges of the Court of Appeals each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of not less than 8000 per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of not less than 6000 per annum and the District Attorneys shall each have out of the treasury of the State a salary of not less than 25000 per annum with the right of the General Assembly to authorize any county to supplement the salary of a judge of the Superior Court and District Attorney of the Judicial Circuit in which such county lies out of county funds Provided however where such salary is at the time of the adoption of this Constitution being supplemented out of county funds under existing laws such laws shall remain in force until altered by the General Assembly Provided further that the Board of County Commissioners of Richmond County or the Ordinary or such other board or person as may from time to time have charge of the fiscal affairs of said county shall without further legislative action continue to supplement from said Countys treasury not less than the salary of the Judge of Superior Court of the circuit of which the said County of Richmond is a part by the sum of Two Thousand 2000 Dollars per annum which shall be in addition to the amount received by said judge out of the State treasury and such payments are declared to be a part of the court expenses of said County and such payment shall be made to the judge now in office during his present or subsequent terms as well as to his successors with the authority in the General Assembly to increase such salary from the County treasury as above provided Editorial note This paragraph was altered by an amendment ratified in 1968 Paragraph II Power to Abolish or Reinstate Fee of District Attorney The General Assembly shall have power at any time by a majority vote of each branch to abolish the fees at present accruing to the office of district attorney in any particular judicial circuit and in lieu thereof to prescribe a salary for such office without regard to the uniformity of such salaries in the various circuits and shall have the further power to determine what disposition shall be made of the fines forfeitures and fees accruing to the office of district attorney in any such judicial circuit where the fees are abolished and likewise shall LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 399 have the further power if it so desires to abolish such salary and reestablish such fees but in either event when so changed the change shall not become effective until the end of the term to which the district attorney was elected Editorial note This paragraph was altered by an amendment ratified in 1968 Section XIII Qualifications of Justices Judges Etc Paragraph I Age Citizenship Practice of Law No person shall be Justice of the Supreme Court Court of Appeals Judge of Superior Court or District Attorney unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years and shall have been a citizen of the State three years and have practiced law for seven years and no person shall be hereafter elected district attorney unless at the time of his election he shall have attained twentyfive years of age shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his election Editorial note This paragraph was altered by an amendment ratified in 1968 Paragraph II Chief Justices Emeritus and Justices Emeritus of the Supreme Court Judges Emeritus of the Court of Appeals and Judges Emeritus of the Superior Courts shall be eligible to preside in or over the Supreme Court of Georgia the Court of Appeals of Georgia and the Superior Courts of this State The General Assembly shall prescribe the method or manner in which they may be called upon for temporary service Editorial note Paragraph II was added by an amendment ratified Nov 6 1956 The wording was changed to read as quoted by an amendment ratified on Nov 4 1958 Paragraph III Discipline Removal and Involuntary Retirement a Judicial Qualifications Commission There shall be a Judicial Qualifications Commission It shall consist of seven members as follows i two judges of any court of record each selected by the Supreme Court for a fouryear term ii three members of the State Bar who shall have practiced law m this State for at least ten years and who shall be elected by the Board of Governors of the State Bar for a fouryear term and iii two citizens neither of whom shall be a member of 400 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL the State Bar who shall be appointed by the Governor for a fouryear term Of the initial membership of the Commission one of the judges selected by the Supreme Court two of the members elected by the Board of Governors and one of the citizens appointed by the Governor shall serve for terms of two years each and all other members shall serve for terms of four years each Thereafter all members shall serve for terms of four years each and until their successors are elected or appointed and have qualified Whenever any member ceases to hold the office or to possess the qualifications which entitled him to be appointed a member his membership shall terminate and the appointing authority shall select his successor for the unexpired term No member of the Commission shall receive any compensation for his services but shall be allowed his necessary expenses for travel board and lodging incurred in the performance of his duties No member of the Commission except the Judges shall hold tty other public office or be eligible for appointment to a State judicial office so long as he is a member of the Commission No member shall hold office in any political party or organization No act of the Commission shall be valid unless concurred in by a majority of its members The Commission shall select one of its members to serve as chairman b Procedure and Grounds A justice or judge of any court of this State in accordance with the procedure prescribed in this Paragraph may be removed or otherwise disciplined for willful misconduct in office or willful and persistent failure to perform his duties or habitual intemperance or for conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice which brings the judicial office into disrepute or h may be retired for disability seriously interfering with the performance of his duties which is or is likely to become of a permanent character The Commission may after such investigation as it deems necessary order a hearing to be held before it concerning the removal or retirement of a justice or a judge or the Commission may in its discretion request the Supreme Court to appoint a special master to hear and take evidence in the matter and to report thereon to the Commission If after hearing or after considering the record and report of the master the Commission finds good cause therefor it shall recommend to the Supreme Court the removal other discipline or retirement as the case may be of the justice or judge LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 401 The Supreme Court shall review the record of the proceedings on the law and facts and in its discretion may permit the introduction of additional evidence and shall order removal other discipline or retirement as it finds just and proper or wholly reject the recommendation Upon an order for retirement the justice or judge shall thereby be retired with the same rights and privileges as if he retired pursuant to statute Upon an order for removal the justice or judge shall thereby be removed from office and his salary shall cease from the date of the order The Supreme Court shall prescribe rules governing privilege confidentiality and practice and procedure in all proceedings brought hereunder A justice or judge who is a member of the Commission or Supreme Court shall not participate in any proceedings involving his own removal other discipline or retirement 7 72 n0te ParaSraPh HI was added by an amendment ratified November Section XIV Venue Paragraph I Divorce Case Divorce cases shall be brought in the county where the defendant resides if a resident of this state if the defendant be not a resident of this state then in the county in which the plaintiff resides provided that any person who has been a resident of any United States Army Post or military reservation within the State of Georgia for one year next preceding the filing of the petition may bring an action for divorce in any county adjacent to said United States Army Post or military reservation Paragraph II Land Titles Cases respecting titles to land shall be tried in the county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by a county line in which case the Superior Court of either county shall have jurisdiction Paragraph III Equity Cases Equity cases shall be tried in the county where a defendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed 402 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Paragraph IV Suits Against Joint Obligors Copartners Etc Suits against joint obligors joint promissors copartners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried in either county Paragraph V Suits Against Maker Endorser Etc Suits against the maker and endorser of promissory notes or drawer acceptor and endorser of foreign or inland bills of exchange or like instruments residing in different counties shall be brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides Paragraph VI All Other Cases All other civil cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall be tried in the county where the crime was committed except cases in the Superior Court where the Judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot be obtained in such county Section XV Change of Venue Paragraph I Power to Change Venue The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the Superior Courts to be exercised in such manner as has been or shall be provided by law Section XVI Jury Trial Paragraph I Right of Trial By Jury The right of trial by jury except where it is otherwise provided in this Constitution shall remain inviolate but the General Assembly may prescribe any number not less than five to constitute a trial or traverse jury except in the superior court Paragraph II Selection of Jurors The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most experienced intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors The General Assembly shall have the power to require jury service LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 403 of women also under such regulations as the General Assembly may prescribe Paragraph III Compensation of Jurors It shall be the duty of the General Assembly by general laws to prescribe the manner of fixing compensation of jurors in all counties in this State Section XVII County Commissioners Paragraph I Power to Create County Commissioners The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the creation of county commissioners in such counties as may require them and to define their duties Section XVIII What Courts May Be Abolished Paragraph I Power to Abolish Courts All courts not specially mentioned by name in the first section of this Article may be abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly Paragraph II Supreme Court Cost Pauper Oath The cost in the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals shall not exceed 1500 until otherwise provided by law Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said courts when the usual pauper oath is filed in the court below ARTICLE VII FINANCE TAXATION AND PUBLIC DEBT Section I Power of Taxation Paragraph I Taxation a Sovereign Right The right of taxa tion is a sovereign rightinalienable indestructibleis the life of the State and rightfully belongs to the people in all republican governments and neither the General Assembly nor any nor all other departments of the Government established by this 404 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Constitution shall ever have the authority to irrevocably give grant limit or restrain this right and all laws grants contracts and all other acts whatsoever by said government or any department thereof to affect any of these purposes shall be and are hereby declared to be null and void for every purpose whatsoever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of and revocable by the State notwithstanding any gift grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party The General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law for the granting of funds to a county in which is located land belonging to the State consisting of at least 20000 acres from which such county receives no taxes The General Assembly is authorized to provide in such law the procedure for determining the amount of funds and all other matters relative to any such grant Editorial note The last paragraph in Paragraph I was added by an amendment ratified Nov 6 1962 Paragraph II Taxing Power Limited 1 The General Assembly shall not by vote resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of any person corporation or association The General Assembly is authorized to provide by law for the payment of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars 25000000 to the first person firm or corporation or combination thereof which puts down and brings in the first commercial oil well in this State Such well must produme at least 100 barrels of oil per day and the determination as to whether such well is producing this amount is hereby vested in the Director of the State Department of Mines Mining and Geology Said law shall provide for the distribution of said amount as the General Assembly may by statute provide between the company or individual who drills or causes to be drilled said well the contractor who furnishes the equipment among such workmen and employees actually engaged in the job and to the mineral andor property LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 405 owner where the well is drilled The General Assembly shall provide for the method of payment by the Governor Editorial note The provisions authorizing a bounty for the first commercial oil well were added by an amendment ratified Nov 6 1956 Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution whenever the State Board of Vocational Education may be entitled to receive Federal funds made available under the Vocational Rehabilitation Act 29 United States Code Chapter 4 or any amendment thereto said Board shall be authorized to receive and administer such funds in accordance with the terms of the grant and where the grant so provides may disburse said funds to nonprofit corporations or associations which are engaged solely in the vocational rehabilitation of disabled persons provided however that nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to authorize the expenditure of any State funds until the same shall have been appropriated by the General Assembly Editorial note This paragraph was added in 1966 2 The General Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after the service has been rendered or the contract entered into The General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law for reimbursing the employees of the Game and Fish Commission who received a retroactive pay raise in 1966 and were subsequently required to remit the amount of said raise to the State Treasurer Editorial note The last sentence above was added in 1968 3 The levy of taxes on property for any one year by the General Assembly for all purposes except to provide for repelling invasions suppressing insurrections or defending the State in time of war shall not exceed onefourth 4 mill on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in the State provided however that until some other method permitted by the laws of the United States for the taxation of national banking associations or corporations is enacted by the General Assembly for the taxation of the shares of stock of banking corporations and other monied capital coming into competition with such banking corporations such property may be taxed 406 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL at a rate exceeding five 5 mills on each dollar of the value thereof Editorial note This subparagraph originally read as follows The levy of taxes on property for any one year by the General Assembly for all purposes except to provide for repelling invasions suppressing insurrections or defending the State in time of war shall not exceed five 5 mills on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in the State 4 No poll tax shall be levied to exceed one dollar annually upon each poll 5 There is hereby created a board to be known as the State Medical Education Board to consist of five members one of whom shall be the President of the Medical Association of Georgia one of whom shall be the immediate past President of the Medical Association of Georgia and three members to be appointed by the Governor who shall be qualified electors of the State of Georgia The members of the board shall hold office for a term of four years beginning on the first day of April 1953 and every four years thereafter the Governor shall appoint three members for a term of four years and shall appoint the President and the immediate past President of the Medical Association of Georgia pursuant to their position and office in those respective capacities Vacancies shall be filled by appointment of the Governor for the unexpired term Editorial note This paragraph was altered by an amendment ratified in 1968 The members of the Board shall serve without pay but shall be allowed 2000 per day expenses and traveling expenses of ten cents 10 per mile for attending meetings of the board or in traveling elsewhere in the discharge of their duties requiring their absence from their respective places of abode same to be paid upon the approval of the Chairman or ViceChairman of the Board out of any funds made available to said Board Editorial note This paragraph was altered by an amendment ratified in 1968 The secretary of the Board shall be whomsoever is serving as the secretary of the Board of Regents who shall keep the records and minutes of the proceedings of the Board and who shall also keep the books records and accounts of the Board and whose compensation as secretary of this Board shall be fixed by the Board The secretary shall prepare and countersign all checks vouchers and warrants drawn upon the funds of the LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 407 Board and the same shall be signed by the Chairman of the Board The secretary shall also be the treasurer of the Board and shall keep an account for all the funds of the Board and execufe and file with the Board a surety bond in the sum of 1000000 payable to the State of Georgia and conditioned upon the faithful performance of his duties and that he shall properly account for all funds coming into his hands as such secretary the premium on such bond to be paid out of the funds of the Board Editorial note This paragraph was altered by an amendment ratified in 1968 The board may employ clerical assistance as is required and needed The board shall elect a chairman and also a vicechairman to serve in the absence or inability of the chairman The board shall maintain an office at the Medical College of Georgia and shall meet at the said office or elsewhere at least once each quarter at such time as may be fixed by the board Special meetings shall be held upon call of the chairman Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the board shall keep full complete and permanent minutes and records of all its proceedings and actions It shall be the duty of the board to receive and pass upon allow or disallow all applications for loans or scholarships made by students who are bona fide citizens and residents of the State of Georgia and who desire to become doctors of medicine and who are acceptable for enrollment in a qualified fouryear medical school The purpose of such loans shall be to enable such applicants to obtain a standard fouryear medical education which will qualify them to become licensed practicing physicians within the State of Georgia It shall be the duty of the board to make a careful and full investigation of the ability character and qualifications of each applicant and determine his fitness to become the recipient of such loan or scholarship and for that purpose the board may propound such examination to each applicant which it deems proper and the said board may prescribe such rules and regulations as it deems necessary and proper to carry out the purpose and intention of this bill The investigation of the applicant shall include an investigation of the ability of the applicant or of the parents of such 408 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL applicant to pay his own tuition at such a medical school and the board in granting such loans and scholarships shall give preference to qualified applicants who or whose parents are unable to pay the applicants tuition at such a medical school The said board shall have authority to grant to each applicant deemed by the board to be qualified to receive the same a loan or scholarship for the purpose of acquiring a medical education as herein provided for upon such terms and conditions to be imposed by the board as provided for in this bill Applicants who are granted loans or scholarships by the Board shall receive a loan or scholarship not to exceed 1000000 to any one applicant to be paid at such time and in such manner as may be determined by the Board with which to defray the tuition and other expenses of any such applicant in any responsible accepted and accredited fouryear medical college or school in the United States The loans and scholarship herein provided shall not exceed the sums herein stated but they may be prorated in such manner as to pay to the medical college or school to which any applicant is admitted and such funds as are required by that college or school and the balance to be paid direct to the applicant all of which shall be under such terms and conditions as may be provided under rules and regulations of the Board The said loans or scholarships to be granted to each applicant shall be based upon the condition that the full amount thereof shall be repaid to the State of Georgia in cash in full with 4 interest from the date of each payment by the State on such loan or scholarship same to be payable annually the first annual payment to be due on or before one year from the date the applicant completes his intership or same may be repaid to the State of Georgia in services to be rendered by the applicant by practicing his profession at some place within the State of Georgia to be approved by the board Onefifth of the loan or scholarship together with interest thereon shall be credited to the applicant for each year of practicing his profession in a community of 10000 population or less according to the United States Decennial Census of 1960 or any future such decennial census or at Milledgeville State Hospital Gracewood State School and Hospital or at any facility operated by or under the jurisdiction of the State Department of Public Health or at any prison or detention camp or work LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 409 camp operated under the jurisdiction of the State Board of Corrections and no annual interest on the scholarship loan shall be paid during such practice or service Credit for practice at Milledgeville State Hospital Gracewood State School and Hospital or at any facility operated by or under the jurisdiction of the State Department of Public Health or at any of the above facilities of the State Board of Corrections shall be retroactive and shall apply to any applicants engaging in such practice at any time In the event an applicant has repaid any part of such loan or scholarship for which he would otherwise have receive credit for service he shall be repaid whatever sum is necessary to take into consideration the credit he would have received After the third full year of practice or services within this State as herein provided but not before the said applicant shall be privileged entirely at the discretion of the Board to pay off the balance of the scholarship or loan together with accrued interest thereon and upon such payment shall be relieved from further obligations under his contract for loan or scholarship Editorial note This paragraph was altered by an amendment ratified in 1968 Each applicant before being granted a loan or scholarship shall enter into a contract with the State of Georgia agreeing to the terms and conditions upon which the loan or scholarship shall be granted to him which said contract shall include such terms and provisions as will carry out the full purpose and intent of this Act and the form thereof shall be prepared and approved by the AttorneyGeneral of this State and shall be Signed by the chairman of the board countersigned by the secretary and shall be signed by the applicant For the purposes of this Act the disabilities of minority of all applicants granted loans or scholarships hereunder shall be and the same are hereby removed and the said applicants are declared to be of full lawful age for the purpose of entering into the contract hereinabove provided for and such contract so executed by an applicant is hereby declared to be a valid and binding contract the same as though the said applicant were of the full age of 21 years and upward The board is hereby vested with full and complete authority and power to sue in its own name any applicant for any balance due the board on any such contract 410 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL It shall be the duty of the board to contact and make inquiry of such of the fouryear medical colleges and schools as herein provided as it deems proper and make such arrangements and enter into such contracts within the limitations as to cost as herein provided for the admission of students granted loans or scholarships by the board such contracts to be approved by the AttorneyGeneral of this State and the money obligations of such contract as made by the board with any such colleges shall be paid for out of funds to be provided by law for such purposes and all students granted loans or scholarships shall attend a medical school with which the board has entered into a contract or any accredited fouryear medical school or college in which said applicant may obtain admission and which is approved by the board The board shall have authority to cancel any contract made between it and any applicant for loans or scholarships upon cause deemed sufficient by the board And the board shall have authority to cancel such contracts which it may lawfully cancel made with any of the colleges or schools as herein provided All payments of funds for loans or scholarships hereunder shall be made by requisition of the board signed by the chairman and the secretary directed to the auditor of public accounts who shall thereupon issue a warrant on the treasury of the State of Georgia for the amount fixed in the requisition and payable to the person designated thereon which said warrant upon presentation shall be paid by the treasurer out of any funds appropriated by the legislature for the purposes provided for under this Act All funds made available to the board by Act of the legisature for the purpose of defraying expenses of the board and the salaries of its secretary and employees shall be paid over and received by the treasurer of this board and by him deposited in some solvent bank within the State of Georgia selected by the board and such funds may be drawn and expended by check or warrant signed by the chairman and attested by the secretary The board shall make a biennial report to the legislature at each session thereof of its activities loans or scholarships LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 411 granted names of persons to whom granted and the institutions attended by those receiving the same the location of the applicants who have received their education and become licensed physicians and surgeons within this State as a result of the said loans andor scholarships and where they are practicing and shall make a full report of all its expenditures for salaries and expenses incurred hereunder It is the purpose and intent of this bill to bring about an adequate supply of doctors of medicine in the more sparsely populated areas of the State of Georgia by increasing the number of medical students from Georgia in the various medical schools and inducing a sufficient number of the graduates from medical schools to return to Georgia and practice their profession thus affording adequate medical care to the people of Georgia Section 1A The Director of the Department of Public Health with the approval of the State Board of Health is hereby authorized to extend scholarships to physicians and other personnel to take post graduate courses in the various schools and clinics in the United States so as to enable them to be better qualified in the diagnosis care and treatment of mental illness As a prerequisite to the grant of such scholarship the recipient thereof must agree to actively engage in the practice of his profession in a hospital operated by the State of Georgia under the supervision of the State of Georgia or at some place approved by the authority granting the scholarship on the basis of one year of service for each year of training received The remedies for the enforcing of service required shall be the same as provided for medical grants and scholarships and such other remedies as may be provided by law Editorial note Subparagraph 5 relating to the State Medical Education Board was added by an amendment ratified on November 4 1952 This subparagraph was amended in 1960 1962 1964 and 1966 6 The Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia shall have the authority to grant to qualified students who are citizens and bona fide residents of the State of Georgia and who would not otherwise have available the funds necessary to obtain an education such scholarships as are necessary for them to complete programs of study offered by institutions of the Uni 412 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL versity System of Georgia with the exception of the program leading to the degree of Doctor of Medicine The terms and conditions thereof shall be prescribed and regulated by the Board of Regents but shall include the condition that recipients of such scholarships shall upon the completion of their programs of study reside in the State of Georgia and engage in activities for which they were prepared through the scholarships for a period of one year for each 1000 received The General Assembly shall appropriate such funds to the Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia as it sees fit in order to carry out the purposes of this provision It shall be the duty of the Board of Regents to receive and pass upon allow or disallow all applications for scholarships to contract increase decrease terminate and otherwise regulate all grants for scholarships and to manage operate and control all funds appropriated for this purpose Editorial note Subparagraph 6 was added by an amendment ratified on November 4 1958 7 State departments and agencies of the State government of Georgia shall have the authority to disburse State funds to match federal funds in order to provide qualified employees with educational scholarships and for use in other federal education programs but shall include the condition that personnel to whom the scholarships are extended must as a prerequisite thereto agree to work for the department or agency granting the scholarships for at least one year for each year spent in study or refund the money received for such scholarships pro rata The terms and conditions thereof shall be prescribed and regulated by the various departments and agencies granting the scholarships Provided further that no additional appropriation shall be made by the General Assembly to finance such scholarships but the same shall be financed from the regular appropriations to the various State departments and State agencies It shall be the duty of the various State departments and State agencies to receive and pass upon allow or disallow all applications for scholarships in accordance with rules and regulations prescribed by them to contract increase decrease terminate and otherwise regulate all grants for scholarships LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 413 and to manage operate and to control all funds used for this purpose Editorial note Subparagraph 7 was added by an amendment ratified November 4 1958 and altered by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 8 The State Board of Education shall have the authority to grant to citizens who are interested in becoming teachers and who are bona fide residents of the State of Georgia such scholarships as are necessary for them to complete programs of study in preparation for teaching The terms and conditions thereof shall be prescribed and regulated by the State Board of Education but shall include the condition that recipients of such scholarships shall upon the completion of their programs of study teach in the public schools of Georgia for a period of one year for each 1000 received and include the further provision that any person using any such scholarship shall teach in the public schools of Georgia for at least three years in any event The General Assembly shall have the authority to appropriate such funds to the State Board of Education as it deems wise and proper to carry out the purposes of this provision It shall be the duty of the State Board of Education to receive and pass upon allow or disallow all applications for scholarships for teachers to contract increase decrease terminate and otherwise regulate all grants for scholarships and to manage operate and control all funds appropriated for this purpose Editorial note Subparagraph 8 was added by an amendment ratified on Nov 4 1958 9 There shall be a State Dental Education Board of Georgia which is authorized to grant loans or scholarships to students who are citizens and residents of the State of Georgia and who desire to become dentists The appointment of members of said State Dental Education Board of Georgia their qualifications terms of office powers duties functions and authority and the provision of funds to carry out the purposes provided for herein shall be as enacted and appropriated by the General Assembly of the State of Georgia Editorial note Subparagraph 9 was added by an amendment ratified Nov 8 1964 414 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL The General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law a State Scholarship Commission to be authorized and empowered to activate inaugurate and conduct a program to provide for the granting of scholarships to students desiring to study courses in the paramedical professional or educational fields The General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide for the duties powers authority jurisdiction and composition of any such commission and is authorized to provide for all other matters relative to the purposes provided for herein The General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law for a program to grant scholarships or other assistance to the children of law enforcement officers firemen and prison guards who are permanently disabled or killed in the line of duty to enable such children to acquire an education beyond the 12th grade or to enable such children to attend a vocationaltechnical school The General Assembly shall be further authorized to provide by law for the terms and conditions for granting such scholarships or other assistance and shall provide that the program established in pursuance of this amendment shall be administered by the State Scholarship Commission or the Higher Education Assistance Corporation as the General Assembly shall determine The General Assembly is hereby further authorized to appropriate any funds it deems necessary for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this amendment The General Assembly is hereby authorized and empowered to appropriate any amount of funds it deems necessary for the purposes of implementing any Act which becomes law as authorized by this provision Editorial note The last three paragraphs were added in 1964 and 1968 The General Assembly is hereby authorized to appropriate funds to any State department or other State agency for the purpose of being used to obtain funds from the Federal Government for educational scholarships educational loans and other educational purposes and all such State departments and other States agencies shall be authorized to use the funds so appropriated and the funds received from the Federal Government for the purposes authorized and directed by the Federal Government in making such funds available Editorial note The paragraph relating to the appropriation of funds to obtain federal funds was added by an amendment ratified Nov 8 1966 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 415 The General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law for a program of guaranteed student loans and for the payment of interest on such loans which loans shall be used for the purpose of acquiring an education beyond the twelfth 12th grade The General Assembly is authorized to create an authority a corporation or other entity for the purpose of administering any such law Such law shall provide the agencies which may participate in any such loan program which may include commercial banks savings banks savings and loan associations life insurance companies credit unions and retirement and pension systems Such law shall provide a maximum rate of interest which may be charged for such loans and shall provide a portion of such interest which will be paid by the State State funds may be expended for such purposes and the General Assembly is hereby authorized to appropriate money therefor The General Assembly is also authorized to provide that contributions for the purposes provided herein shall be deductible for State income tax purposes The General Assembly is also authorized to provide for such tax exemptions as shall be deemed advisable in connection with such program The General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide for all other matters relative to the purposes provided for herein Editorial note The provisions relating to guaranteed student loans was added by an amendment of Nov 3 1964 The General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law for the issuance of revenue bonds for the purpose of making direct loans to students in order to allow such students to acquire an education beyond the 12th grade The amount of such revenue bonds that may be outstanding at any one time the interest rates terms and conditions associated with the issuance of such bonds and all other matters relating to the issuance of such bonds shall be as the General Assembly shall provide by law Such bonds shall be retired by the proceeds derived from the repayment of such student loans plus the interest which may be such rate or rates as the General Assembly shall determine on such loans in such manner and under such terms and conditions as the General Assembly shall determine To the extent necessary to secure the issuance and sale of such bonds such bonds may be retired from State funds in such 416 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL manner as the General Assembly shall determine any other provisions of this Constitution to the contrary notwithstanding Editorial note This paragraph was added in 1968 Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Constitution the General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law for the indemnification with respect to death personal injury or property damage sustained in preventing the commission of a crime against the person or property of another in apprehending a criminal or in assisting a peace officer in prevention of a crime or apprehension of a criminal Such law may provide for the method of payment of such indemnification and all other matters relative to the purposes herein provided The General Assembly is hereby authorized to appropriate State funds for the payment of such indemnification and for the purpose of implementing any law as authorized by this paragraph Editorial note The last paragraph which deals with idemnification was added by an amendment ratified Nov 8 1966 Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Constitution whenever the State Board of Vocational Education may be entitled to receive Federal funds made available under the Vocational Rehabilitation Act 29 United States Code Chapter 4 or any amendment thereto said Board shall be authorized to receive and administer such funds in accordance with the terms of the grant and where the grant so provides may disburse said funds to nonprofit corporations or associations which are engaged solely in the vocational rehabilitation of disabled persons provided however that nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to authorize the expenditure of any State funds until the same shall have been appropriated by the General Assembly Editorial note The last paragraph which deals with vocational rehabilitation was added by an amendment of Nov 8 1966 Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Constitution The Department of Industry and Trade in order to make Georgia competitive with other states in securing new business industry and tourism is hereby authorized to expend available funds for the business meals and incidental expenses of bona fide industrial prospects and other persons who attend any meeting at the LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 417 request of the Department of discuss the location or development of new business industry or tourism within the State All such expenditures shall be verified by vouchers showing the date place purpose and persons for whom such expenditures were made The State Auditor shall conduct an audit of such expenditures at least every six months Editorial note This paragraph was added in 1968 The General Assembly is authorized to provide by law for grants or scholarships to citizens of Georgia who are students attending colleges or universities in this State which are not branches of the University System of Georgia The General Assembly shall provide the procedures under which such grants or scholarships shall be made and is authorized to provide appropriations for such purposes Editorial note This paragraph was added in 1970 Any other provisions of this Constitution to the contrary notwithstanding the General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law from time to time for the increase of retirement or pension benefits of retired persons who retired pursuant to any retirement system annuity and benefit fund pension system or any similar system heretofore or hereafter created by law to which the General Assembly appropriates funds The General Assembly shall be authorized to appropriate funds for the purpose of increasing the retirement or pension benefits of such retired persons Editorial note This paragraph was added in 1970 Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Constitution the General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law for a program or programs of loans scholarships and grants and the insuring of loans and payment of interest on loans to citizens of this State for educational purposes The General Assembly is authorized to provide for all matters relative to such programs Taxes may be levied and public funds expended for such purposes This paragraph was added by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 The General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law for tuition grants to qualified students who are children of certain United States servicemen as hereinafter provided to 418 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL enable them to complete programs of study offered in the educational institutions of this State The tuition grants shall apply to children of servicemen who were bona fide residents of this State at the time of their entry into the Armed Forces and who are certified by the United States Department of Defense or the United States Veterans Administration as missing in action for more than 90 days or captured in line of duty by a hostile force or forcibly detained or interned in line of duty by a foreign power since 26 March 1964 provided however that this shall not include any serviceman who is not in fact missing in action but is missing because of unlawful actions on his part The provisions of this Paragraph shall not apply to children born to any serviceman after his missing in action status is clarified or after his release from prison The provisions of this Paragraph shall not apply to children of any servicemen who were discharged under other than honorable conditions The provisions of this Paragraph shall not apply to the children of any servicemen who are eligible for federal benefits under the provisions of Chapter 31 Title 38 US Code Annotated Veterans Vocational Rehabilitation Chapter 34 Title 38 US Code Annotated Veterans Educational Assistance or Chapter 35 Title 38 U S Code Annotated Veterans War Orphans Educational Assistance Act The recipients of such tuition grants must attend institutions within the University System of Georgia or vocational training institutions administered by the State Board of Education The educational assistance to children of servicemen under the provisions of this Paragraph shall cover a period not in excess of 36 months or the equivalent thereof in parttime training The educational assistance to children of servicemen under the provisions of this Paragraph shall begin on the eighteenth birthday of such children or the successful completion of secondary schooling whichever occurs first and end on their twentysixth birthday The term child or children shall include individuals who are married The Georgia State Scholarship Commission and the State Board of Education are hereby charged with the administration of this Paragraph and may promulgate necessary rules regulations and procedures to carry out the purposes of this Paragraph The General Assembly shall appropriate the necessary funds for said tuition grants Editorial note This paragraph was added by an amendment ratified November 7 19721 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 419 Any other provisions of this Constitution to the contrary notwithstanding the General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law from time to time for the increase of retirement or other benefits of retired persons who have retired or who retire in the future pursuant to any retirement system annuity and benefit fund system pension system or any similar system which such system was created by law and such law provided that such system be funded wholly or partly from fines and forfeitures No formerly retired person shall receive any greater benefits than those benefits provided by law to be received upon retirement by members of the system who have not retired nor shall any such formerly retired person receive any increased benefits unless all formerly retired persons entitled to receive such increased benefits participate pro rata therein Editorial note This paragraph was added by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Any other provisions of this Constitution to the contrary notwithstanding in all cities of this State having a population of more than 300000 as disclosed by the United States Decennial Census of 1970 or any such future census the governing authority of any such municipal corporation is hereby authorized to provide from time to time for the increase of retirement or pension benefits of persons who have retired from employment with any such municipal corporation and who retired pursuant to any retirement system annuity and benefit fund pension system or any similar system heretofore or hereafter created by law to which any such municipal corporation appropriates funds The governing authority of any such municipal corporation is hereby authorized to appropriate funds for the purpose of increasing the retirement or pension benefits of such retired person Editorial note The last paragraph above was added by an amendment ratified November 5 1974 Any other provisions of this Constitution to the contrary notwithstanding the General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law from time to time for the increase of retirement or pension benefits of retired public schoolteachers who retired pursuant to a retirement or pension system of a county municipality or local board of education The General Assembly shall be authorized to expend State funds for such purposes 420 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL in such manner and pursuant to such terms and conditions as the General Assembly may provide by law Editorial note The last paragraph above was added by an amendment ratified November 5 1974 Paragraph III Uniformity Classification of Property All taxes shall be levied and collected under general laws and for public purposes only All taxation shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax Classes of subjects for taxation of property shall consist of tangible property and one or more classes of intangible personal property including money The General Assembly shall have the power to classify property including money for taxation and to adopt different rates and different methods for different classes of such property Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this paragraph the General Assembly shall be authorized to enact legislation treating any and all motor vehicles including trailers as a separate class from other classes of tangible property for ad valorem property tax purposes and to adopt different rates methods or assessment dates for the taxation of such property and to enact legislation consistent herewith to prevent any person firm or corporation from escaping payment of their fair share of ad valorem taxes on said motor vehicles Editorial note The last sentence in Paragraph III was added by an amendment ratified on Nov 3 1964 Paragraph IV Exemptions From Taxation The General Assembly may by law exempt from taxation all public property places of religious worship or burial and all property owned by religious groups used only for residential purposes and from which no income is derived all institutions of purely public charity all intangible personal property owned by or irrevocably held in trust for the exclusive benefit of religious educational and charitable institutions no part of the net profit from the operation of which can inure to the benefit of any private person all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learning and also all funds or property held or used as endowment by such colleges incorporated academies or seminaries of learning provided the same is not invested in real estate and provided further that said LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 421 exemptions shall only apply to such colleges incorporated academies or other seminaries of learning as are open to the general public provided further that all endowments to institutions established for white people shall be limited to white people and all endowments to institutions established for colored people shall be limited to colored people the real and personal estate of any public library and that of any other literary association used by or connected with such library all books and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandise or for purposes of sale or gain provided the property so exempted be not used for the purpose of private or corporate profit and income distributable to shareholders in corporations owning such property or to other owners of such property and any income from such property is used exclusively for religious educational and charitable purposes or for either one or more of such purposes and for the purpose of maintaining and operating such institution this exemption shall not apply to real estate or buildings other than those used for the operation of such institution and which is rented leased or otherwise used for the primary purpose of securing an income thereon and also provided that such donations of property shall not be predicated upon an agreement contract or otherwise that the donor or donors shall receive or retain any part of the net or gross income of the property The General Assembly shall further have power to exempt from taxation farm products including baled cotton grown in this State and remaining in the hands of the producer but not longer than for the year next after their production Editorial note The phrase and all property owned by religious groups and used only for residential purposes and from which no income is derived was added by an amendment ratified on Nov 2 1954 The General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law that all personal clothing and effects household furniture furnishings equipment appliances and other personal property used within the home if not held for sale rental or other commercial use shall be exempt from all ad valorem taxation The General Assembly is further authorized to provide by law that all tools and implements of trade of manual laborers and domestic animals shall be exempt from State county municipal 422 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL and school district ad valorem taxes in an amount not to exceed 30000 in actual value Editorial note This paragraph was amended in 1970 The homestead of each resident of Georgia actually occupied by the owner as a residence and homestead and only so long as actually occupied by the owner primarily as such but not to exceed 200000 of its value is hereby exempted from all ad valorem taxation for State County and school purposes except taxes levied by municipalities for school purposes and except to pay interest on and retire bonded indebtedness provided however should the owner of a dwelling house on a farm who is already entitled to homestead exemption participate in the program of rural housing and obtain a new house under contract with the local housing authority he shall be entitled to receive the same homestead exemption as allowed before making such contract The General Assembly may from time to time lower said exemption to not less than 125000 The value of all property in excess of the foregoing exemptions shall be returned and claimed in such manner as prescribed by the General Assembly The exemption herein provided for shall not apply to taxes levied by municipalities All cooperative nonprofit membership corporations organized under the laws of this State for the purpose of engaging in rural electrification as defined in subsection 1 of Section 3 of the Act approved March 30 1937 providing for their incorporation and all of the real and personal property owned or held by such corporations for such purpose are hereby exempted from all taxation state county municipal school district and political or territorial subdivisions of the State having the authority to levy taxes The exemption herein provided for shall expire December 31 1961 There shall be exempt from all ad valorem intangible taxes in this State the common voting stock of a subsidiary corporation not doing business in this State if at least ninety per cent of such common voting stock is owned by a Georgia corporation with its principal place of business located in this State and was acquired or is held for the purpose of enabling the parent company to carry on some part of its established line of business through such subsidiary LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 423 All laws exempting property from taxation other than the property herein enumerated shall be void The legislature may exempt from taxation intangible personal property owned by a trust forming a part of a pension profit sharing or stock bonus plan if such trust is exempt from Federal income tax under Section 165a of the Federal Internal Revenue Code Existing laws exempting such property from taxation are hereby ratified Editorial note This paragraph was added by an amendment of 1952 Each disabled veteran as hereinafter defined who is a citizen and resident of Georgia is hereby granted an exemption of 1250000 on his homestead which he owns and which he actually occupies as a residence and homestead such exemption being from all ad valorem taxation for State county municipal and school purposes The value of all property in excess of the above exempted amount shall remain subject to taxation The term disabled veteran as used herein means a disabled American veteran of any war or armed conflict in which any branch of the armed forces of the United States engaged whether under United States command or otherwise and who is disabled as a result of such service in the armed forces due to loss or loss of use of both lower extremities such as to preclude locomotion without the aid of braces crutches canes or a wheel chair or blindness in both eyes having only light perception plus loss or loss of use of one lower extremity or due to the loss or loss of use of one lower extremity together with residuals of organic disease or injury which so affect the functions of balance or propulsion as to preclude locomotion without resort to a wheelchair Editorial note The paragraph on disabled veterans added in 1958 was amended in 1964 1968 and 1970 Each person who is sixtyfive 65 years of age or over is hereby granted an exemption from all State and county ad valorem taxes in the amount of 400000 on a homestead owned and occupied by him as a residence if his net income together with the net income of his spouse who also occupies and resides at such homestead as net income is defined by Georgia law from all sources except as hereinafter provided does not exceed 400000 for the immediately preceding taxable year for income 424 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL tax purposes For the purposes of this paragraph net income shall not include income received as retirement survivor or disability benefits under the Federal Social Security Act or under any other public or private retirement disability or pension system except such income which is in excess of the maximum amount authorized to be paid to an individual and his spouse under the Federal Social Security Act and income from such sources in excess of such maximum amount shall be included as net income for the purposes of this paragraph The value of the residence in excess of the above exempted amount shall remain subject to taxation Any such owner shall not receive the benefits of such homestead exemption unless he or through his agent files an affidavit with the tax commissioner or tax receiver of the county in which he resides giving his age and the amount of income which he and his spouse received during the last taxable year for income tax purposes and such additional information relative to receiving the benefits of such exemption as will enable the tax commissioner or tax receiver to make a determination as to whether such owner is entitled to such exemption The tax commissioner or tax receiver shall provide affidavit forms for this purpose Such applications shall be processed in the same manner as other applications for homestead exemption and the provisions of law applicable to the processing of homestead exemptions as the same now exists or may hereafter be amended shall apply thereto Provided that after any such owner has filed the proper affidavit as provided above and has been allowed the exemption provided herein it shall not be necessary that he make application and file the said affidavit thereafter for any year and the said exemption shall continue to be allowed to such owner It shall be the duty of any such owner however to notify the tax commissioner or tax receiver in the event he becomes ineligible for any reason for the exemption provided in this paragraph The General Assembly may provide by law for the proper administration of this exemption including penalties necessary therefor The increased exemption provided for herein shall apply to all taxable years beginning after December 31 1974 The ratification of this amendment shall in no way alter modify strike or repeal any other amendment to Article VII Section I Paragraph IV of the Constitution LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 425 which may be ratified at the same time as this amendment may be ratified Editorial note This paragraph was added in 1964 and altered by amendments ratified in 1968 1972 and 1974 The General Assembly shall have the authority to provide for the exemption from any and all taxation any facilities which shall be installed or constructed for the primary purpose of eliminating or reducing air or water pollution The General Assembly is further authorized to provide for the manner in which such exemptions shall be granted and to prescribe the prerequisites which shall be required to be met before any such exemption shall be granted including the designation of any appropriate state agency or organization to which the General Assembly shall be authorized to delegate any and all powers necessary and appropriate to carry out the purposes and responsibilities of this paragraph Editorial note This last paragraph which deals with facilities to reduce air or water pollution was added by an amendment ratified Nov 8 1966 The exemptions granted to the homestead within this Paragraph shall extend to and shall apply to those properties the legal title to which is vested in one or more title holders if actually occupied by one or more such owners as a residence In such instances such exemptions shall be granted to such properties if claimed in the manner herein provided by one or more of the owners actually residing on such property Such exemptions shall also extend to those homesteads the title to which is vested in an administrator executor or trustee if one or more of the heirs or cestui que uses residing on such property shall claim the exemptions granted by this Paragraph in the manner herein provided Editorial note This paragraph was added in 1970 The General Assembly shall be authorized to exempt from ad valorem taxation property of nonprofit hospitals used in connection with their operation provided that such hospitals have no stockholders and no income or profit which is distributed to or for the benefit of any private person and are subject to the laws of Georgia regulating nonprofit or charitable corporations Editorial note This paragraph was added by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 426 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Each disabled veteran as hereinafter defined who is a citizen and resident of Georgia is hereby granted an exemption from all ad valorem taxes on the vehicle which he owns and on which he actually places the free HV vehicle license plates he receives from the State of Georgia such exemption being from all ad valorem taxation for state county municipal and school purposes The term disabled veteran as used herein means any veteran who was discharged under other than dishonorable conditions and who served on active duty of the Armed Forces of the United States or on active duty in a reserve component of the United States including the National Guard and who is receiving or who is entitled to receive a statutory award from the Veterans Administration for 1 Loss or permanent loss of use of one or both feet 2 Loss or permanent loss of use of one or both hands 3 Loss of sight in one or both eyes 4 Permanent impairment of vision of both eyes of the following status Central visual acuity of 20200 or less in the better eye with corrective glasses or central visual acuity of more than 20200 if there is a field defect in which the peripheral field has contracted to such an extent that the widest diameter of visual field subtends on angular distance no greater than twenty degrees in the better eye Editorial note This paragraph was added by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 The homestead of each resident of each independent school district who is 62 years of age or over and who does not have an income from all sources including the income from all sources of all members of the family residing within said homestead exceeding 600000 per annum may be exempt from all ad valorem taxation for educational purposes levied for and in behalf of such school system No such exemption shall be granted unless an affidavit of the owner of the homestead is filed with the governing authority of his city or with a person designated by the governing authority of such city giving his age the amount of income which he received for the immediately preceding calendar year the income which the members of his family residing within the homestead received for such period and LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 427 such other additional information relative to receiving the benefits of the exemption granted by this paragraph as will enable the governing authority of such city or the person designated by the governing authority of such city to make a determination as to whether such owner is entitled to said exemption The governing authority of the city or the person designated by the said governing authority shall provide affidavit forms for this purpose The exemption granted to the homestead within this paragraph shall extend to and shall apply to those properties the legal title to which is vested in one or more title holders if actually occupied by one or more such owners as a residence and one or more such title holders possesses the qualifications provided for in this paragraph In such instances such exemptions shall be granted to such properties if claimed in the manner herein provided by one or more of the owners actually residing on such property Such exemptions shall also extend to those homesteads the title to which is vested in an administrator executor or trustee if one or more of the heirs or cestui que uses residing on such property shall possess the qualifications provided for herein and shall claim the exemptions granted by this paragraph in the manner herein provided The exemption provided for herein shall apply to all taxable years beginning after December 31 1972 Editorial note This paragraph was added by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 The homestead of each resident of each county school district who is 62 years of age or over and who does not have an income from all sources including the income of all members of the family residing within said homestead exceeding 600000 per annum may be exempt from all ad valorem taxation for education purposes levied for and in behalf of such school system including taxes to retire school bond indebtedness No such exemption shall be granted unless an affidavit of the owner of the homestead is filed with the Tax Receiver or Tax Commissioner of his county giving his age the amount of income which he received for the immediately preceding calendar year the income which the members of his family residing within the homestead received for such period and such other additional information relative to receiving the benefits of the exemption granted by this paragraph as will enable the Tax Receiver or Tax Commissioner to make a determination as to whether 428 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL such owner is entitled to said exemption The Tax Receiver or Tax Commissioner shall provide affidavit forms for this purpose The exemption granted to the homestead within this paragraph shall extend to and shall apply to those properties the legal title to which is vested in one or more title holders if actually occupied by one or more such owners as a residence and one or more such title holders possesses the qualifications provided for in this paragraph In such instances such exemptions shall be granted to such properties if claimed in the manner herein provided by one or more of the owners actually residing on such property Such exemptions shall also extend to those homesteads the title to which is vested in an administrator executor or trustee if one or more of the heirs or cestui que uses residing on such property shall possess the qualifications provided for herein and shall claim the exemptions granted by this paragraph in the manner herein provided The exemption provided for herein shall apply to all taxable years beginning after December 31 1972 Editorial note This paragraph was added by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 In order to encourage and enhance overall economic development increase employment promote agribusiness and to provide incentives for the location of new and expanding manufacturing and processing facilities harvested agricultural products which have a plantingtoharvest cycle of 12 months or less which are customarily cured and aged for a period in excess of one year after harvesting and before manufacturing and which are held in this State for manufacturing or processing purposes shall be exempt from all ad valorem taxation Editorial note The last above paragraph was added by an amendment ratified November 5 1974 Paragraph V Exemptions of Certain Industries Continued Existing exemptions under the amendment to the Constitution providing for the exemption of certain industries from taxation appearing in Acts of the General Assembly of 1923 extra session page 67 ratified November 4 1924 shall continue of force until the expiration of the term for which granted LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 429 Section IL Purposes and Method of Taxation Paragraph I Taxation How and For What Purposes Exercised The powers of taxation over the whole State shall be exercised by the General Assembly for the following purposes only 1 For the support of the State Government and the public institutions 2 For educational purposes 3 To pay the principal and the interest on the public debt and to provide a sinking fund therefor 4 To suppress insurrection to repeal invasion and defend the State in time of war 5 To make provision for the payment of pensions to exConfederate soldiers and to the widows of Confederate soldiers who are unmarried 6 To construct and maintain State buildings and a system of State highways airports and docks 7 To make provision for the payment of oldage assistance to aged persons in need and for the payment of assistance to the needy blind and to dependent children and other welfare benefits provided that no person shall be entitled to the assistance herein authorized who does not qualify for such provisions in every respect in accordance with enactments of the General Assembly which may be in force and effect prescribing the qualifications for beneficiaries hereunder Provided no indebtedness against the State shall ever be created for the purpose herein stated in excess of the taxes lawfully levied each fiscal year under Acts of the General Assembly authorized hereunder for such purposes 7A In order to extend to the employees of the State any department of the State any State institution or political subdivisions of the State and to the dependents and survivors of such employees the basic protection accorded others by the old 430 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL age and survivors insurance program embodied under the Social Security Act Act of Congress approved August 14 1935 49 Stat 620 officially cited as the Social Security Act as such Act has been and may from time to time be amended and the Federal Insurance Contributions Act as set forth in subchapter A of Chapter 9 of the Federal Internal Revenue Code as such Code has been and may from time to time be amended the General Assembly is authorized to enact such legislation as may be necessary to insure the coverage to employees of the State any department of the State any State institution or political subdivisions of the State and the dependents and survivors of such employees under said Social Security Act as the same has been or may be amended and the Federal Insurance Contributions Act as the same has been or may be amended and any provisions of this Constitution notwithstanding the State for and on behalf of itself its departments institutions or political subdivisions is hereby authorized to enter into agreements with the Federal Security Administrator or other appropriate official of the United States Government under the provision of said Social Security Act as the same has been or may hereafter be amended in the manner as provided herein and as provided by the General Assembly The Teacher Retirement System of Georgia and the Employees Retirement System of Georgia shall have the powers and duties as provided by law existing at the time of the adoption of this provision of the State Constitution together with such further powers and duties as may be hereafter provided by law Editorial note Subparagraph 7A above was added by an amendment of 1952 8 To advertise and promote the agricultural industrial historic recreational and natural resources of the State of Georgia 9 For public health purposes 10 Public transportation of passengers for hire is an essential governmental function and a public purpose for which the power of taxation by the State may be exercised and its public funds expended provided however that the State of Georgia shall not provide more than 10 per cent of the total cost either directly or indirectly The General Assembly is authorized to provide for the implementation of this provision including LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 431 the granting of public funds to any public corporation or Authority established by the General Assembly for the performance of the aforesaid function and purpose or contracting through appropriate departments or instrumentalities of State government with any such public corporation or Authority established by the General Assembly for performance of the aforesaid function and purpose Editorial note Subparagraph 10 was added in 1966 10A For school lunch purposes Editorial note Subparagraph 10A was added in 1968 There is no Subparagraph 11 12 To pay the salaries of personnel and to pay for the utilization of school facilities including school buses for extracurricular and interscholastic activities including literary events music and athletic programs within individual schools and between schools in the same or in different school systems when such activities are sponsored by local boards of education as an integral part of the total school program Editorial note Subparagraph 12 was added by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Paragraph IA Promotion of agricultural and other products financing disposition of funds Any other provision of this Constitution to the contrary notwithstanding the General Assembly may provide for the promotion of the production marketing sale use and utilization processing and improvement of any one or all of the agricultural products including but not limited to registered livestock and livestock products poultry and poultry products timber and timber products fish and sea food and the products of the farms and forests of this State The General Assembly may provide for the promotion of such products individually collectively or in any combination thereof The General Assembly may provide that such a program including provisions for quality andor product control may be instituted continued or terminated by a specified vote of the producers of the product or products affected participating in a referendum submitting such proposal for their approval The General Assembly may create instrumentalities public corporations authorities and commissions to administer such programs and may provide a means of financing any such promotion by 432 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL authorizing such bodies to impose raise lower or repeal assessments fees or other charges upon the sale or processing of the affected products and to collect the same after approval by a specified vote of the producers of the affected product in a referendum and may authorize the acceptance of gifts and donations and may provide for the disposition of any funds arising under any such program without the necessity of such funds being placed in the State Treasury or being appropriated by the General Assembly The General Assembly may provide for the supervision of any such program by the Department of Agriculture The uniformity requirement of this Constitution shall be satisfied by the application of the program upon the affected products Editorial note Paragraph IA was added in 1960 and amended in 1968 Paragraph II Teacher Retirement SystemTaxation For The powers of taxation may be exercised by the State through the General Assembly and by counties and municipalities for the purpose of paying pensions and other benefits and costs under a teacher retirement system or systems provided no indebtedness against the State shall ever be created for the purpose herein stated in excess of the taxes lawfully levied each fiscal year under Acts of the General Assembly authorized hereunder Paragraph IIA The General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law for the creation of an actuarially sound participating retirement system for all employees of public schools who are not covered by the Teachers Retirement System including but not limited to school bus drivers school lunchroom personnel school maintenance personnel and school custodial personnel The General Assembly is further authorized to provide in said Act creating such retirement system or in any amendatory Acts thereto for the expenditure of State funds and the funds of county and independent boards of education in support of said retirement system in such manner as the General Assembly shall determine Editorial note Paragraph IIA was added in 1968 Paragraph III Revenue to Be Paid Into General Fund All money collected from taxes fees and assessments for State LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 433 purposes as authorized by revenue measures enacted by the General Assembly shall be paid into the General Fund of the State Treasury and shall be appropriated therefrom as required by this Constitution for the purposes set out in this Section and for these purposes only Paragraph IV Tax Returns of Public Utilities The General Assembly may provide for a different method and time of returns assessments payment and collection of ad valorem taxes of public utilities but not a greater basis of value or at a higher rate of taxation than other properties Paragraph V The powers of taxation may be exercised by the State through the General Assembly and the counties and municipalities for the purpose of paying pensions and other benefits and costs under a firemens pension system or systems The taxes so levied may be collected by such firemens pension system or systems and disbursed therefrom by authority of the General Assembly for the purposes herein authorized Editorial note Paragraph V was added by an amendment ratified on November 2 1954 Paragraph VI Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Constitution the General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law for the granting of State funds to the municipalities of Georgia in such manner and form and under such procedure as the General Assembly may prescribe The General Assembly is also authorized but not directed to provide the purpose or purposes for which such funds may be expended by the municipalities The General Assembly is hereby authorized to exercise the power of taxation over the entire State in order to carry out the provisions of this Paragraph Editorial note Paragraph VI was added by an amendment ratified on November 8 I960 Paragraph VI A The General Assembly shall have the power to create an Industrial Development Commission to make loans to be secured by second mortgages to such industrial development agencies as the Industrial Development Commission may select Provided that said agencies shall have raised sufficient capital and secured commitments for additional financing which in addition to the loan to be extended by said 434 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Commission will adequately insure the completion of said project The powers of taxation may be exercised through the General Assembly in order to implement and carry out the purposes for which said Commission is to be created Editorial note Paragraph VI A was added by an amendment ratified on November 8 I960 Section III State Debt Paragraph I Purposes for Which Debt may be Incurred Limitations Any other provisions of this Constitution to the contrary notwithstanding the State may incur public debt as follows a The State may incur public debt without limit to repel invasion suppress insurrection and defend the State in time of war b The State may incur public debt to supply such temporary deficit as may exist in the State Treasury in any fiscal year because of necessary delay in collecting the taxes of that year but the debt so incurred shall not exceed in the aggregate five percent of the total revenue receipts less refunds of the State Treasury in the fiscal year immediately preceding the year in which such debt is incurred and any debt so incurred shall be repaid out of the taxes levied for the fiscal year in which the loan is made Such debt shall be payable on or before the last day of the fiscal year in which it is incurred and no such del may be incurred in any fiscal year under the provisions of this subparagraph b if there is then outstanding unpaid debt from any previous fiscal year which was incurred under the provisions of this subparagraph b c The State may incur public debt of two types for public purposes pursuant to this Paragraph 1 general obligation debt and 2 guaranteed revenue debt General obligation debt may be incurred by issuing obligations to acquire construct develop extend enlarge or improve land waters property highways buildings structures equipment or facilities of the State its agencies departments institutions and those State Authorities which were created and activated prior to the LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 435 Amendment adopted November 8 1960 to Article VII Section VI Paragraph I a of this Constitution Guaranteed revenue debt may be incurred by guaranteeing the payment of revenue obligations issued by an instrumentality of the State if such revenue obligations are issued to finance toll bridges toll roads any other land public transportation facilities or systems or water or sewage treatment facilities or systems or to make or purchase or lend or deposit against the security of loans to citizens of the State for educational purposes No debt may be incurred under this subparagraph c at any time when the highest aggregate annual debt service requirements for the then current year or any subsequent year for outstanding general obligation debt and guaranteed revenue debt including the proposed debt and the highest aggregate annual payments for the then current year or any subseqeunt fiscal year of the State under all contracts then in force to which the provisions of Article VII Section VI Paragraph I a of this Constitution are applicable exceed fifteen percent of the total revenue receipts less refunds of the State Treasury in the fiscal year immediately preceding the year in which any such debt is to be incurred provided however no guaranteed revenue debt may be incurred to finance water or sewage treatment facilities or systems when the highest aggregate annual debt service requirements for the then current year or any subsequent fiscal year of the State for outstanding or proposed guaranteed revenue debt for water or sewage treatment facilities or systems exceed one percent of the total revenue receipts less refunds of the State Treasury in the fiscal year immediately preceding the year in which any such debt is to be incurred and provided further that the aggregate amount of guaranteed revenue debt incurred to make loans to citizens of the State for educational purposes that may be outstanding at any time shall not exceed 18 million dollars and the aggregate amount of guaranteed revenue debt incurred to purchase or to lend or deposit against the security of loans to citizens of the State for educational purposes that may be outstanding at any time shall not exceed 72 million dollars For the purpose of this Paragraph annual debt service requirements shall mean the total principal and interest coming due in any fiscal year of the State provided however with regard to any issue of debt incurred wholly or in part on a term basis annual debt service requirements 436 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL shall mean an amount equal to the total principal and interest payments required to retire such issue in full divided by the number of years from its issue date to its maturity date General obligation debt may not be incurred until the General Assembly has enacted legislation stating the purposes in general or specific terms for which such issue of debt is to be incurred specifying the maximum principal amount of such issue and appropriating an amount at least sufficient to pay the highest annual debt service requirements for such issue All such appropriations for debt service purposes shall not lapse for any reason and shall continue in effect until the debt for which such appropriation was authorized shall have been incurred but the General Assembly may repeal any such appropriation at any time prior to the incurring of such debt The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each fiscal year in addition to the sum necessary to make all payments required to be made under contracts entitled to the protection of the second paragraph of Paragraph I a Section VI Article VII of this Constitution and to pay public expenses such amounts as are necessary to pay debt service requirements in such fiscal year on all general obligation debt incurred hereunder The General Assembly shall appropriate to a special trust fund to be designated State of Georgia General Obligation Debt Sinking Fund such amounts as are necessary to pay annual debt service requirements on all general obligation debt incurred hereunder The sinking fund shall be used solely for the retirement of general obligation debt payable therefrom If the General Assembly shall fail to make any such appropriation or if for any reason the monies in the sinking fund are insufficient to make all payments required with respect to such general obligation debt as and when the same become due the State Treasurer shall set apart from the first revenues thereafter received applicable to the general fund of the State such amounts as are necessary to cure any such deficiency and shall immediately deposit the same into the sinking fund provided however the obligation to make such sinking fund deposits shall be subordinate to the obligation imposed upon the fiscal officers of the State pursuant to the provisions of the second paragraph of Paragraph I a of Section VI of Article VII of this Constitution The State Treasurer may be required to set aside and apply such revenues as aforesaid at LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 437 the suit of any holder of any general obligation debt incurred hereunder The monies in the sinking fund shall be as fully invested as is practical consistent with the requirements to make current principal and interest payments Any such investments shall be restricted to obligations constituting direct and general obligations of the United States Government or obligations unconditionally guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest by the United States Government maturing no longer than twelve months from date of purchase Guaranteed revenue debt may not be incurred until the General Assembly has enacted legislation authorizing the guarantee of the specific issue of revenue obligations then proposed reciting that the General Assembly has determined such obligations will be selfliquidating over the life of the issue which determination shall be conclusive specifying the maximum principal amount of such issue and appropriating an amount at least equal to the highest annual debt service requirements for such issue which appropriation shall be paid upon the issuance of said obligations into a special trust fund to be designated State of Georgia Guaranteed Revenue Debt Common Reserve Fund to be held together with all other sums similarly appropriated as a common reserve for any payments which may be required by virtue of any guarantee entered into in connection with any issue of guaranteed revenue obligations All such appropriations for the benefit of guaranteed revenue debt shall not lapse for any reason and shall continue in effect until the debt for which such appropriation was authorized shall have been incurred but the General Assembly may repeal any such appropriation at any time prior to the payment of the same into said common reserve fund which shall be held and administered by the State Treasurer If any payments are required to be made from said fund to meet debt service requirements on guaranteed revenue obligations by virtue of an insufficiency of revenues the State Treasurer shall pay from said common reserve fund the amount necessary to cure such deficiency The State Treasurer shall then reimburse said fund from the general funds of the State within ten days following the commencement of any fiscal year of the State for any amounts so paid provided however the obligation to make any such reimbursements shall be subordinate to the obligation 438 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL imposed upon the fiscal officers of the State pursuant to the second paragraph of Paragraph I a of Section VI Article VII of this Constitution and shall also be subordinate to the obligation hereinabove imposed upon the State Treasurer to make sinking fund deposits for the benefit of general obligation debt The State Treasurer may be required to apply such funds as aforesaid at the suit of any holder of any such guaranteed revenue obligations The amount to the credit of said common reserve fund shall at all times be at least equal to the aggregate highest annual debt service requirements on all outstanding guaranteed revenue obligations entitled to the benefit of said fund If at the end of any fiscal year of the State said fund is in excess of the required amount the State Treasurer shall transfer such excess to the general funds of the State free of said trust The funds in the said common reserve shall be as fully invested as is practical consistent with the requirements of guaranteeing the principal and interest payments on the revenue obligations guaranteed by the State Any such investments shall be restricted to obligations constituting direct and general obligations of the United States Government or obligations unconditionally guaranteed as to the payment of principal and interest by the United States Government maturing no longer than twelve months from date of purchase When any general obligation debt has first been incurred by the delivery of such debt to the purchasers thereof then and from the date of such delivery the State and all State institutions departments and agencies of the State shall be prohibited from entering into any contract except contracts pertaining to guaranteed revenue debt with any public agency public corporation authority or similar entity if such contract is intended to constitute security for bonds or other obligations issued by any such public agency public corporation or authority and from and after the date of such delivery in the event any contract between the State or any State institution department or agency of the State and any public agency public corporation authority or similar entity or any revenues from any such contract is pledged or assigned as security for the repayment of bonds or other obligations then and in either such event the appropriation or expenditure of any funds of the State for the payment of obligations under any such contract shall likewise LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 439 be prohibited provided however all contracts entered into prior to the date of the first delivery of such general obligation debt shall continue to have the benefit of the protection afforded by the provisions of the second paragraph of Paragraph I a of Section VI Article VII of this Constitution as fully and completely as though this amendment had not been adopted and for as long as any such contract shall remain in force and effect Furthermore nothing in this amendment is intended directly or by implication to have any effect upon any provision of any such contract establishing lien rights priorities regarding revenues or otherwise providing protection to the holders of obligations secured by such contracts d The State may incur general obligation debt or guaranteed revenue debt to fund or refund any such debt or to fund or refund any obligations issued upon the security of contracts to which the provisions of the second paragraph of Paragraph I a Section VI Article VII of this Constitution are applicable The issuance of any such debt for the purposes of said funding or refunding shall be subject to the fifteen percent limitation in subparagraph c above to the same extent as debt incurred under said subparagraph provided however in making such computation the annual debt service requirements and annual contract payments remaining on the debt or obligations being funded or refunded shall not be taken into account In the event it is determined by the Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission that it is to the best interest of the State to fund or refund any such public debt or obligation the same may be accomplished by resolution of the Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission hereinafter created without any action on the part of the General Assembly and any appropriation made or required to be made with respect to the debt being funded or refunded shall immediately attach and inure to the benefit of the obligations to be issued in connection with such funding or refunding to the same extent and with the same effect as though the obligation to be issued had originally been authorized by action of the General Assembly as hereinabove set forth provided the debt incurred in connection with any such funding or refunding shall be the same as that originally authorized by the General Assembly except that general obligation debt may be incurred to fund or refund obligations issued 440 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL upon the security of contracts to which the provisions of the second paragraph of Paragraph I a Section VI Article VII of this Constitution are applicable and the continuing appropriation required to be made under the said provisions of this Constitution shall immediately attach and inure to the benefit of the obligation to be issued in connection with such funding or refunding with the same force and effect as though said obligations so funded or refunded had originally been issued as a general obligation debt authorized hereunder and provided further the term of the funding or refunding issue shall not extend beyond the term of the original debt or obligation and the total interest on the funding or refunding issue shall not exceed the total interest to be paid on such original debt or obligation The principal amount of any debt issued in connection with such funding or refunding may exceed the principal amount being funded or refunded to the extent necessary to provide for the payment of any premium thereby incurred Editorial note Paragraph 1 was altered by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Paragraph II Faith and Credit of State Pledged Debt may be Validated The full faith credit and taxing power of the State are hereby pledged to the payment of all public debt incurred under this Article and all such debt and the interest thereon shall be exempt from taxation Such debt may be validated by judicial proceedings in the manner provided by the General Assembly and such validation shall be incontestable and conclusive Editorial note Paragraph II was altered by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Paragraph III Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission Duties There is hereby created the Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission The Commission shall consist of the Governor the President of the Senate the Speaker of the House of Representatives the State Auditor the Attorney General the State Treasurer and the Commissioner of Agriculture The Commission shall be responsible for the issuance of all public debt incurred hereunder and for the proper application of the proceeds of such debt to the purposes for which it is incurred provided however the proceeds from guaranteed revenue obligations shall be paid to the issuer thereof and such proceeds and the application thereof shall be the responsibility LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 441 of such issuer Debt to be incurred at the same time for more than one purpose may be combined in one issue without stating the purpose separately but the proceeds thereof must be allocated disbursed and used solely in accordance with the original purpose and without exceeding the principal amount authorized for each purpose set forth in the authorization of the General Assembly and to the extent not so used shall be used to purchase and retire public debt The Commission shall be responsible for the investment of all proceeds to be administered by it The General Assembly may provide that income earned on any such investments may be used to pay operating expenses of the Commission or placed in a common debt retirement fund and used to purchase and retire any public debt or any bonds or obligations issued by any public agency public corporation or authority which are secured by a contract to which the provisions of the second paragraph of Paragraph I a of Section VI Article VII of this Constitution are applicable The Commission shall be responsible for its own record keeping reporting and related administrative and clerical functions The Commission shall have such additional responsibilities powers and duties as shall be provided by law Editorial note Paragraph III was altered by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Paragraph IV State Aid Forbidden Except as herein provided the credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual company corporation or association and the State shall not become a joint owner or stockholder in or with any individual company association or corporation Editorial note Paragraph IV was altered by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Paragraph IVA Construction Paragraphs I II III and IV are adopted for the purpose of providing a new and more effective method of financing the States needs and their provisions and any law hereafter enacted by the General Assembly in furtherance thereof shall be liberally construed to effect such purpose Insofar as any such provisions or any such law may be inconsistent with any other provisions of this Constitution or of any other law the provisions of such Paragraphs and laws enacted in furtherance thereof shall be controlling provided however the provisions of such Paragraphs shall not be 442 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL so broadly construed as to cause the same to be unconstitutional and in connection with any such construction such Paragraphs shall be deemed to contain such implied limitations as shall be required to accomplish the foregoing Editorial note Paragraph IVA was added by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Paragraph V Assumption of Debts Forbidden The State shall not assume the debt nor any part thereof of any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of the State unless such debt be contracted to enable the State to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war Provided however that the amendment to the Constitution proposed by the General Assembly and set forth in the published Acts of the General Assembly of the year 1931 at page 97 which amendment was ratified on November 8 1932 and which amendment provided for the assumption by the State of indebtedness of the several counties of the State as well as that of the Coastal Highway District and the assessments made against the counties of said district for the construction and paving of the public roads or highways including bridges of the State under certain conditions and for the issuance of certificates of indebtedness for such indebtedness so assumed is continued of full force and effect until such indebtedness assumed by the State is paid and such certificates of indebtedness retired Paragraph VI Profit on Public Money The receiving directly or indirectly by any officer of State or county or member or officer of the General Assembly of any interest profits or perquisites arising from the use or loan of public funds in his hands or moneys to be raised through his agency for State or county purposes shall be deemed a felony and punishable as may be prescribed by law a part of which punishment shall be a disqualification from holding office Paragraph VII Certain Bonds Not to Be Paid The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money either directly or indirectly to pay the whole or any part of the principal or interest of the bonds or other obligations which have been pronounced illegal null and void by the General Assembly and the Constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the first day of May 1877 nor shall the LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 443 General Assembly have authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late War Eetween the States nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or any other State official enter into any contract or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in any court of this State or of the United States instituted to test the validity of any such bonds or obligations Paragraph VIII Sale of States Property to Pay Bonded Debt The proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad and any other property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or any part thereof shall be applied to the payment of the bonded debt of the State and shall not be used for any other purpose whatsoever so long as the State has any existing bonded debt provided that the proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in preference to all other bonds Paragraph IX State Sinking Fund The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses such amounts as are necessary to pay the interest on the public debt and the principal of the public debt maturing in such year and to provide a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not been matured The amount of such annual levy shall be determined after consideration of the amount then held in the sinking fund The taxes levied for such purposes and the said sinking fund shall be applied to no other purpose whatever The funds in the said sinking fund may be invested in the bonds of the State and also in bonds and securities issued by the Federal Government and subsidiaries of the Federal Government fully guaranteed by that government If the said bonds are not available for purchase the funds in the sinking fund may be loaned with the approval of the Governor when amply 444 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL secured by bonds of the State or Federal Government upon such conditions as may be provided by law Editorial note Paragraph IX was altered by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Section IV Paragraph I Power of County Government The General Assembly may authorize any county to exercise the power of taxation for any public purpose as authorized by general law or by this Constitution and unless otherwise provided by this Constitution or by law no levy need state the particular purposes for which the same was made nor shall any taxes collected be allocated for any particular purpose unless expressly so provided by the General Assembly or this Constitution Paragraph II Purposes of Taxation In addition to such other powers and authority as may be conferred upon any county by this Constitution or by the General Assembly counties are hereby authorized to exercise the power of taxation for the following purposes which are hereby declared to be public purposes and expend funds raised by the exercise of said powers for said purposes and such other public purposes as may be authorized by the General Assembly 1 Pay the expenses of administration of the county government 2 Acquire construct maintain improve or aid in the acquisition construction maintenance or improvement of public buildings bridges parks recreation areas and facilities libraries streets sidewalks roads airports docks facilities for mass transit system for the transportation of passengers for hire and other properties for public use and to acquire any real property or any interest therein in connection with the foregoing 3 Provide for the operation of the courts the maintenance and support of prisoners and the handling of litigation affecting the county LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 445 4 Establish and conduct public health and sanitation programs and provide for the collection and preservation of records and vital statistics 5 Establish and maintain a county police department 6 Provide medical or other care and hospitalization for the indigent sick and to support paupers 7 Pay county agricultural and home demonstration agents and conduct programs utilizing the services of such agents 8 Establish and conduct programs of welfare benefits and public assistance as may be provided by law 9 Provide fire protection for forest lands and conserve natural resources 10 Provide insurance retirement and pension benefits coverage under Federal Old Age and Survivors Insurance programs hospitalization benefits and workmens compensation benefits for its officers and employees their dependents and survivors and for public school teachers and personnel their dependents and survivors Provided that all such payments for public school teachers and personnel their dependents and survivors shall be paid from education funds 11 Establish and maintain a recreation system 12 To provide for paying the principal and interest of any debt of the county and to provide a sinking fund therefor 13 To provide for reasonable reserves for public improvements as may be fixed by law 14 To provide for the support and maintenance of public schools public education and activities necessary and incidental thereto including school lunches as provided in Article VIII of this Constitution upon the assessed value of all taxable property within the county exclusive of any independent school system therein Paragraph III Establishment of Taxing Districts Except under the authority of a general or local law a county gov 446 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL erning authority may not district a county to provide water sewerage garbage electricity gas or fire protection services Such services shall be authorized only by an act of the General Assembly establishing or authorizing the establishment of a special district or districts therefor and authorizing such county to levy a tax only upon the taxable property in such districts for the purpose of constructing and maintaining facilities therefor conditioned upon the assent of a majority of the qualified voters of any such proposed district voting in an election for that purpose held as provided by law Paragraph IV Eminent Doman Any county is hereby authorized to exercise the power of eminent domain for any public purpose Paragraph V Nothing herein shall be construed to repeal or modify the provisions of Article VIII Section XII Paragraph I of the Constitution of Georgia of 1945 as amended Paragraph VI The powers and authority granted by this amendment shall be cumulative of all powers and authority heretofore granted to counties and shall not operate to repeal any existing local constitutional amendments Editorial note Section IV was altered by an amendment ratified Nov 8 1966 Section V Paragraph I Taxing Power and Contributions of Counties Cities and Political Division Restricted The General Assembly shall not authorize any county municipal corporation or political division of this State through taxation contribution or otherwise to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restriction shall not operate to prevent the support of schools by municipal corporations within their respective limits Section VI Paragraph I Contracts For Use of Public Facilities a The State state institutions any city town municipality or county LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 447 of this State may contract for any period not exceeding fifty years with each other or with any public agency public corporation or authority now or hereafter created for the use by such subdivisions or the residents thereof of any facilities or services of the State state institutions any city town municipality county public agency public corporation or authority provided such contracts shall deal with such activities and transactions as such subdivisions are by law authorized to undertake Notwithstanding any other provision of any other section of any other article of this Constitution the General Assembly shall include in each General Appropriations Act in the appropriation payable to each department agency or institution of the State in addition to such other items as may be included in such appropriation and whether or not any other items are included sums sufficient to satisfy the payments required to be made in each year under lease contracts now or hereafter entered into pursuant to this Paragraph 1a by and between such department agency or institution of the State and any State authority which has been created and activated at the time of the effective date of this amendment which said lease contracts constitute security for bonds or any other obligations heretofore or hereafter issued by any such authority In the event for any reason any such appropriation is not made then the fiscal officers of the State are hereby authorized and directed to set up on their appropriation accounts in each fiscal year as an appropriation the respective amounts required by each such department agency or institution of the State to pay the obligations called for under any such lease contract The amount of the appropriation in each fiscal year to meet such lease contract obligations as authorized hereunder shall be due and payable to each such department agency or institution of the State in each fiscal year to be expended for the purpose of paying the lease contract obligation required under the terms and conditions of such lease contracts and said appropriation shall have the same legal status as if the General Assembly had included the amount of the appropriation in a General Appropriations Act Editorial note The last paragraph above was added by an amendment ratified on November 8 19601 448 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL b Any city town municipality or county of this State is empowered in connection with any contracts authorized by the preceding paragraph to convey to any public agency public corporation or authority now or hereafter created existing facilities operated by such city town municipality or county for the benefit of residents of such subdivisions provided the land buildings and equipment so conveyed shall not be mortgaged or pledged to secure obligations of any such public agency public corporation or authority and provided such facilities are to be maintained and operated by such public agency public corporation or authority for the same purposes for which such facilities were operated by such city town municipality or county Nothing in this section shall restrict the pledging of revenues of such facilities by any public agency public corporation or authority c Any city town municipality or county of this State or any combination of the same may contract with any public agency public corporation or authority for the care maintenance and hospitalization of its indigent sick and may as a part of such contract obligate itself to pay for the cost of acquisition construction modernization or repairs of necessary buildings and facilities by such public agency public corporation or authority and provide for the payment of such services and the cost to such public agency public corporations or authority of acquisition construction modernization or repair of buildings and facilities from revenues realized by such city town municipality or county from any taxes authorized by the Constitution of this State or revenues derived from any other sources d Special School Creation Taxes and Bonds The board of education of any county area school district or independent school system or any combination thereof may establish pursuant to local law enacted by the General Assembly one or more area schools including special schools such as vocational trade schools schools for exceptional children and schools for adult education in one or more of such political subdivisions provided however that the establishment and operation of such schools pursuant to such law and any subsequent amendments thereof shall be first approved by a majority of the voters voting thereon in each of the school districts or systems affected thereby LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 449 in separate referendums held in the manner provided by law The government powers and duties of boards of education participating in the establishment or operation of such schools and respecting such schools shall be defined in the local law authorizing the same and such participating political subdivision shall be authorized to incur bonded indebtedness to require the levy of school tax funds required for the establishment and operation of such schools in such amount and manner as shall be provided in such local law Schools established pursuant to provisions of this Section shall be operated in conformance with regulations promulgated by the State Board of Education pursuant to provisions of law The State is hereby authorized to expend funds for the support and maintenance of such schools in such amount and manner as may be provided by law Special schools including vocational trade schools established prior to the adoption of this amendment under former Subparagraph d of Article VII Section VI Paragraph I of the Constitution shall not be affected by this amendment any political subdivision which established such a school is hereby authorized to levy taxes for the support of such school regardless of whether it is located within the territorial limits of such subdivision and any such political subdivision is hereby authorized to incur bonded indebtedness for the support of or acquisition and construction of facilities for such school Any such bonded indebtedness shall be incurred pursuant to provisions of Article VII Section VII of this Constitution and the laws of this State relative to incurring other bonded indebtedness The State is hereby authorized to expend funds for the support of such established schools in such amount and manner as may be provided by law Editorial note Subparagraph d was added by an amendment ratified on November 8 1960 It was changed by an amendment ratified on Nov 8 1966 Editorial note This amendment was proposed by Acts 1960 The provision was officially designated as Paragraph III of Art VII Section VI though there does not appear to be any Paragraph II of this Section Ratified in I960 Paragraph III The governing authority of each county is hereby authorized in its discretion to purchase liability insurance to cover damages on account of bodily injury or death to any person or damage to property of any person arising by reason of ownership maintenance operation or use of any motor vehicle by such county whether as a result of a governmental under 450 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL taking or not and to pay premiums therefor The governing authority is hereby authorized to levy a tax for such purpose In the event of purchasing such insurance the governmental immunity of the county shall be waived to the extent of the amount of insurance so purchased Neither the county nor the insurer shall be entitled to plead governmental immunity as a defense and may make only such defense as could be made if the insured were a private person The county shall be liable only for damages suffered while said insurance is in force No attempt shall be made in the trial of any action brought against the county to suggest the existence of any insurance which covers in whole or in part any judgment or award which may be rendered in favor of the plaintiff If the verdict rendered by the jury exceeds the limitation of the insurance the court shall reduce the amount to a sum equal to the applicable limitations stated in the policy Editorial note Paragraph III was added by an amendment ratified on November 8 I960 Section VII Limitation on County and Municipal Debts Paragraph L Debts of Counties and Cities The debt hereafter incurred by any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of this State except as in this Constitution provided for shall never exceed ten per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein and no such county municipality or division shall incur any new debt except for a temporary loan or loans to supply casual deficiencies of revenue not to exceed onefifth of one per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property therein without the assent of a majority of the qualified voters of the county municipality or other political subdivision voting in an election for that purpose to be held as prescribed by law and provided further that all laws charter provisions and ordinances heretofore passed or enacted providing special registration of the voters of counties municipal corporations and other political subdivisons of this State to pass upon the issuance of bonds by such counties municipal corporations and other political subdivisions of this State are hereby declared to be null and void and the General Assembly shall hereafter have no power to pass or enact any law providing for LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 451 such special registration but the validity of any and all bond issues by such counties municipal corporations or other political subdivisions made prior to January 1 1945 shall not be affected hereby provided that any county or municipality of this State may accept and use funds granted by the Federal Government or any agency thereof to aid in financing the cost of architectural engineering economic investigations studies surveys designs plans working drawings specifications procedures and other action preliminary to the construction of public works and where the funds so used for the purposes specified are to be repaid within a period of ten years Every county is hereby empowered to create debt by way of borrowing from private individuals firms corporations or partnerships as well as from the State for the purpose of paying the whole or part of the cost of property valuation and equalization programs for ad valorem tax purposes to contract for the repayment thereof and to issue notes or other like instruments as evidence of the obligation to repay the debt so contracted without being subject to any limit as to amount of such debt so created and without the necessity of approval thereof by the qualified voters of that county provided nevertheless that the debt shall be payable in one or more equal installments one of which shall fall due at least each year but which may fall due each month the last of which shall mature not more than seven years from the date of creation and shall not bear interest in excess of five 5 per cent per annum on unpaid principal and a tax shall be levied on the taxable property of the county as may be needed to repay such debt so created provided however that no county shall be empowered to create debt under the provisions of this paragraph for the purposes of a property valuation and equalization program until such program and all contracts to be entered into pursuant thereto shall have been approved by the State Revenue Commissioner and until such county shall have entered into an agreement with the State Revenue Commissioner that such program shall be carried out in accordance with such Rules and Regulations pertaining to such programs as may be promulgated by the Commissioner All existing local constitutional amendments adopted prior to the ratification of this amendment relating to maximum 452 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL bond debt limitation shall continue to be of full force and effect and shall not be affected by the ratification of this amendment Editorial note This paragraph was altered in 1962 and rewritten by an amendment ratified November 5 1974 Paragraph II Levy of Taxes to Pay Bonds Any county municipal corporation or political division of this State which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provisions of this Constitution shall at or before the time of so doing provide for the assessment and collection of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness Paragraph III Additional Debt Authorized When In addition to the debt authorized in Paragraph I of this section to be created by any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of this State a debt may be incurred by any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of this State in excess of seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein upon the following conditions Such additional debt whether incurred at one or more times shall not exceed in the aggregate three per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property in such county municipality or political subdivision such additional debt shall be payable in equal installments within the five years next succeeding the issuance of the evidences of such debt there shall be levied by the governing authorities of such county municipality or political subdivision prior to the issuance of such additional debt a tax upon all of the taxable property within such county municipality or political subdivision collectible annually sufficient to pay in full the principal and interest of such additional debt when as due such tax shall be in addition to and separate from all other taxes levied by such taxing authorities and the collections from such tax shall be kept separate and shall be held used and applied solely for the payment of the principal and interest of such additional indebtedness authority to create such additional indebtedness shall first have been authorized by the General Assembly the creation of such additional indebtedness shall have been first authorized by a vote of the registered voters of such county municipality or political subdivision at an election LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 453 held for such purpose pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution and of the then existing laws for the creation of a debt by counties municipal corporations and political subdivisions of this State all of which provisions including those for calling advertising holding and determining the result of such election and the votes necessary to authorize the creation of an indebtedness are hereby made applicable to an election held for the purpose of authorizing such additional indebtedness Paragraph IV Temporary Loans Authorized Conditions In addition to the obligations hereinbefore allowed each county municipality political subdivision of the State authorized to levy taxes and county board of education is given the authority to make temporary loans between January 1st and December 31st in each year to pay expenses for such year upon the following conditions The aggregate amount of all such loans of such county municipality political subdivision or county Board of Education outstanding at any one time shall not exceed 75 of the total gross income of such county municipality political subdivision or county Board of Education from taxes collected by such county municipality political subdivision or county Board of Education in the last preceding year Such loans shall be payable on or before December 31st of the calendar year in which such loan is made No loan may be made in any year under the provisions of this paragraph when there is a loan then unpaid which was made in a prior year under the provisions of this paragraph Each such loan shall be first authorized by resolution fixing the terms of such loan adopted by a majority vote of the governing body of such county city political subdivision or county Board of Education at a meeting legally held and such resolution shall appear upon the minutes of such meeting No such county municipality subdivision or county Board of Education shall incur in any one calendar year an aggregate of such temporary loans and other contracts or obligations for current expenses in excess of the total anticipated revenue of such county municipality subdivision or county Board of Education for such calendar year or issue in one calendar year notes warrants or other evidences of such indebt 454 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL edness in a total amount in excess of such anticipated revenue for such year Editorial note This subparagraph was changed by an amendment of 1950 It originally read as follows In addition to the obligations hereinbefore allowed each county municipality and political subdivision of the State authorized to levy taxes is given the authority to make temporary loans between January 1st and December 31st in each year to pay expenses for such year upon the following conditions The aggregate amount of all such loans of such county municipality or political subdivision outstanding at any one time shall not exceed seventyfive per centum of the total gross income of such county municipality or political subdivision from taxes collected by such county municipality or political subdivision in the last preceding year Each such loan shall be payable on or before December 31st of the calendar year in which such loan is made No loan may be made in any year under the provisions of this paragraph when there is a loan then unpaid which was made in a prior year underthe provisions of this paragraph Each such loan shall be first authorized by resolution fixing the terms of such loan adopted by a majority vote of the governing body of such county city or political subdivision at a meeting legally held and such resolution shall appear upon the minutes of such meeting No such county municipality or subdivision shall incur in any one calendar year an aggregate of such temporary loans and other contracts or obligations for current expense in excess of the total anticipated revenue of such county municipality or subdivision for such calendar year or issue in one calendar year notes warrants or other evidences of such indebtedness in a total amount in excess of such anticipated revenue for such year Paragraph V Revenue Anticipation Obligations Revenue anticipation obligations may be issued by any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of this State to provide funds for the purchase or construction in whole or in part of any revenueproducing facility which such county municipal corporation or political subdivision is authorized by the Act of the General Assembly approved March 31 1937 known as The Revenue Certificate Laws of 1937 as amended by the Act approved March 14 1939 to construct and operate or to provide funds to extend repair or improve any such existing facility and to buy construct extend operate and maintain gas or electric generating and distribution systems together with all necessary appurtenances thereof Such revenue anticipation obligations shall be payable as to principal and interest only from revenue produced by revenueproducing facilities of the issuing political subdivisions and shall not be deemed debts of or to create debts against the issuing political subdivisions within the meaning of this paragraph or any other of this Constitution This authority shall apply only to revenue anticipation obligations issued to provide funds for the purchase construction extension LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 455 repair or improvement of such facilities and undertakings as are specifically authorized and enumerated by said Act of 1937 as amended by said Act of 1939 and to buy construct extend operate and maintain gas or electric generating and distribution systems together with all necessary appurtenances thereof provided further any revenue certificates issued to buy construct extend operate and maintain gas or electric generating and distribution systems shall before being undertaken be authorized by a majority of those voting at an election held for the purpose in the county municipal corporation or political subdivision affected and provided further that a majority of the registered voters of such county municipal corporation or political subdivision affected shall vote in said election the election for such to be held in the same manner as is used in issuing bonds of such county municipal corporation or political subdivision and the said elections shall be called and provided for by officers in charge of the fiscal affairs of said county municipal corporation or political subdivision affected and no such issuing political subdivision of the State shall exercise the power of taxation for the purpose of paying the principal or interest of any such revenue anticipation obligations or any part thereof Provided that after a favorable election has been held as set forth above if municipalities counties or other political subdivisions shall purchase construct or operate such electric or gas utility plants from the proceeds of said revenue certificates and extend their services beyond the limits of the county in which the municipality or political subdivision is located then its services rendered and property located outside said county shall be subject to taxation and regulation as are privately owned and operated utilities The General Assembly is authorized to create an instrumentality and department of the State of Georgia to be known as the Brunswick Ports Authority and to provide for its powers and functions Act number 314 of the Acts of the General Assembly of 1945 Ga L 1945 p 1023 as amended by House Bill number 1053 of the General Assembly of 1958 Ga L 1958 p 82 is hereby ratified and confirmed so that the said Acts shall have the same force and effect as if they had been 456 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL enacted subsequent to the ratification of this amendment to the Constitution provided however that nothing herein shall prevent the General Assembly from amending said Acts so as to add and enlarge powers of the Authority Editorial note The sentence dealing with the Brunswick Ports Authority was added by an amendment ratified on November 8 I960 CITY OF COVINGTON PARKING AUTHORITY A Creation There is hereby created a body corporate and politic to be known as the City of Covington Parking Authority which shall be deemed to be an instrumentality of the State of Georgia and a public corporation thereof and by that name style and title said body may contract and be contracted with sue and be sued implead and be impleaded and complain and defend in all courts of law and equity B Purpose The said Authority is created for the purpose of acquiring constructing adding to extending improving equipping maintaining and operating parking lots parking garages parking decks and other parking structures and any and all other facilities useful or desirable in connection therewith acquiring the necessary property therefor both real and personal with the right to contract for the use of or to lease or sell any or all of such facilities including real property and to do any and all things deemed by the Authority necessary convenient or desirable for and incident to the efficient and proper development and operation thereof C Membership The Authority shall consist of five members One of such members who shall serve as Chairman of said Authority shall be either the Mayor of the City of Covington Georgia or a member of the Council of the City of Covington Such Chairman shall serve for a one year term from January 1 through December 31 of each year and shall be elected by a majority vote of the Mayor and Council of the City of Covington at its first meeting in December of each calendar year beginning in December 1974 The remaining four members of the authority shall be resident freeholders and registered qualified voters of the City of Covington and shall be selected Editional note The amendment creating the City of Covington Parking Authority was added as a general amendment ratified November 5 1974 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 457 by the Mayor and Council of the City of Covington No member of the Council shall be eligible for appointment to membership in the Authority except as Chairman of the Authority for and during the term for which he or she was elected as a member of the Council The terms of the first members of said Authority shall be as follows Two members shall serve from January 1 1975 to December 31 1976 inclusive and two members shall serve from January 1 1975 to December 31 1977 inclusive Thereafter all members selected and appointed shall serve for a term of four 4 years and until their successors shall have been selected and appointed Any member of the Authority may be selected and appointed to succeed himself All appointments shall be for a term commencing on January 1 and ending on December 31 of the year of the expiration of the appointment The members of the Authority shall enter upon their duties immediately upon taking office after such appointment The Authority shall elect one of its members as Vice Chairman who shall be elected for a term of one year commencing on January 1 1975 and ending on December 31 1975 or until his successor is selected and qualified and annually thereafter the Authority shall elect one of its members in the same manner for a one 1 year term The Authority shall also elect a Secretary and Treasurer which Secretary and Treasurer need not necessarily be a member of the Authority and if not a member he or she shall have no voting rights and said Secretary and Treasurer shall be elected to serve at the pleasure of the Authority No member of the Authority shall hold more than one office except that of Secretary and Treasurer Three members of the Authority shall constitute a quorum A majority of the quorum is empowered to exercise the rights and perform all the duties of the Authority and no vacancies on the Authority shall impair the right of the quorum to act In the event of a vacancy on the Authority through death resignation or otherwise same shall be filled for the unexpired term of the member ceasing to be a member of such Authority for any reason in the same manner that such member originally became a member of the Authority The members of the Authority shall serve without compensation except that they shall be reimbursed for actual 458 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL expenses incurred in the performance of their duties The Authority shall make rules and regulations for its own government It shall have perpetual existence In the event the number of the members of the Authority or the qualifications of the membership or the manner in which the members of the Authority shall be selected shall ever be the subject of change the same may be accomplished by an Act of the General Assembly except that the General Assembly may not alter the term of office of any duly appointed member then serving D Definitions As used herein the following words and terms shall have the following meanings 1 The word Authority shall mean the City of Covington Parking Authority herein created 2 The word Projects or Project shall be deemed to mean and include the acquisition construction equipping maintenance and operation of parking lots parking garages parking decks parking structures or similar undertakings and any and all other facilities useful or desirable in connection with such undertakings and extensions and improvements of such facilities and the acquisition of the necessary property therefor both real and personal all in order to alleviate traffic congestion in the City of Covington and thereby better protect the lives and property of its residents and others using its streets which will accomplish the essential public purpose for which said Authority is created hereunder 3 The term cost of the project shall embrace the cost of construction the cost of lands properties rights easements and franchises acquired and the cost of all conveyances in fee simple of the Authoritys title thereto and leases thereof the cost of preparing the land including the installation of storm and sanitary sewers and all utilities therefor the cost of all machinery equipment and furnishings related to the operation of any project or projects financing charges interest prior to and during construction and for six months after completion of construction cost of engineering architectural fiscal and legal expenses and other expenses necessary and incident to determining the feasibility or practicability of the project administrative expenses and such other expenses as may be LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 459 necessary or incident to the financing herein authorized and the cost of placing any project in operation Any expenses incurred for any of the foregoing purposes shall be regarded as part of the cost of the project or projects and may be paid or reimbursed out of funds of the Authority including the proceeds of any revenue bonds issued under provisions of this Act for such project or projects 4 The terms revenue bonds and bonds shall mean any bonds of the Authority which are hereunder authorized to be issued including refunding bonds as though such revenue bonds had originally been authorized to be issued under the provisions of the Revenue Bond Law Ga Laws 1957 p 36 et seq as amended amending the law formerly known as the Revenue Certificate Law of 1937 Ga Laws 1937 p 761 et seq as amended and in addition shall also mean any obligations of the Authority the issuance of which are hereinafter specifically provided for 5 Any project or combination of projects shall be deemed selfliquidating if in the judgment of the Authority the revenues and earnings to be derived by the Authority therefrom including but not limited to any revenues derived from the City of Covington under any contracts with the Authority will be Sufficient to pay the cost of operating repairing and maintaining the project and to pay the principal and interest on the revenue bonds which may be issued to finance in whole or in part the cost of such project projects or combination of projects E Powers The Authority shall have the powers 1 To have a seal and alter the same at pleasure 2 To acquire by purchase lease or otherwise and to hold lease and dispose of real and personal property of every kind and character for its corporate purposes 3 To acquire in its own name by purchase on such terms and conditions and in such manner as it may deem proper or by condemnation in accordance with the provisions of any and all laws applicable to the condemnation of property for public 460 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL use real property or rights or easements therein or franchises necessary or convenient for its corporate purposes and to use the same so long as its corporate existence shall continue and to lease or make contracts with respect to the use of or dispose of the same in any manner it deems to the best advantage of the Authority the Authority being under no obligation to accept and pay for any property condemned under the provisions hereof except from the funds provided under the authority hereof and in any proceedings to condemn such orders may be made by the court having jurisdiction of the suit action or proceedings as may be just to the Authority and to the owners of the property to be condemned and no property shall be acquired under the provisions hereof upon which any lien or other encumbrance exists unless at the time such property is so acquired a sufficient sum of money be deposited in trust to pay and redeem the fair value of such lien or encumbrance and if the Authority shall deem it expedient to construct any project on any other lands the title to which shall then be in the State of Georgia the Governor is hereby authorized to convey for and in behalf of the State title to such lands to the Authority upon payment to the State Treasurer for the credit of the general fund of the State of the reasonable value of such lands in accordance with the applicable laws of the State of Georgia 4 To appoint select and employ officers agents and employees including engineering architectural and construction experts fiscal agents and attorneys and fix their respective compensations 5 To make contracts and leases and to execute all instruments necessary or convenient including contracts for construction of projects and leases of projects or contracts with respect to the use of projects which it causes to be erected or acquired and to contract with the City of Covington and with the State of Georgia and any departments institutions agencies counties municipalities or political subdivisions of the State of Georgia public corporations and with others upon such terms and for such purposes as may be deemed advisable for a term not exceeding fifty years and the City of Covington is hereby authorized to enter into contracts and related agreements for the use of any structure building or facility or a combination LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 461 of two or more structures buildings or facilities of the Authority for a term not exceeding fifty years and said City be and the same is hereby specifically authorized to levy taxes without limitation as to rate or amount and to expend tax monies of the City and any other available funds of the City and to obligate said City to make payment thereof to the Authority upon such terms as may be provided in any contract entered into by and between the Authority and the City of Covington in order to enable the Authority to pay the principal of and interest on any of its bonds as same mature and to create and maintain a reserve for that purpose and also to enable the Authority to pay the cost of maintaining repairing and operating the property so furnished by said Authority 6 To acquire construct own repair add to extend improve equip operate maintain and manage projects as hereinabove defined the cost of any such project to be paid in whole or in part from the proceeds of revenue bonds of the Authority or from such proceeds and any grant or contribution from the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof or from the State of Georgia or any agency or instrumentality thereof 7 To accept loans andor grants of money or materials or property of any kind from the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof upon such terms and conditions as the United States of America or such agency or instrumentality may require 8 To accept loans andor grants of money or materials or property of any kind from the State of Georgia or any agency or instrumentality or political subdivision thereof upon such terms and conditions as the State of Georgia or such agency or instrumentality or political subdivision may require 9 To borrow money for any of its corporate purposes and to issue negotiable revenue bonds payable solely from funds pledged for that purpose and to provide for the payment of the same and for the rights of the holders thereof 10 To exercise any power usually possessed by private corporations performing similar functions which is not in conflict with the Constitution and laws of this State and 462 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 11 To do all things necessary or convenient to carry out the powers expressly given hereunder F Revenue Bonds The Authority or any authority or body which has or which may in the future succeed to the powers duties and liabilities vested in the Authority created hereby shall have power and is hereby authorized to provide by resolution for the issuance of negotiable revenue bonds for the purpose of paying all or any part of the cost as herein defined of any one or more projects The principal of and interest on such revenue bonds shall be payable solely from the special fund herein provided for such payment The bonds of each issue shall be dated shall bear interest at such rate or rates per annum payable at such time or times shall mature at such time or times not exceeding 40 years from their date or dates shall be payable in such medium of payment as to both principal and interest as may be determined by the Authority and may be made redeemable before maturity at the option of the Authority at such price or prices and under such terms and conditions as may be fixed by the Authority in the resolution providing for the issuance of the bonds G Same Form Denominations Registration Place of Payment The Authority shall determine the form of the bonds including any interest coupons to be attached thereto and shall fix the denomination or denominations of the bonds and the place or places of payment of the principal thereof and the interest thereon which may be at any bank or trust company within or without the State The bonds may be issued in coupon or registered form or both as the Authority may determine and provision may be made for the registration of any coupon bond as to principal alone and also as to both principal and interest H Same Signature Seal In case any officer whose signature shall appear on any bonds or whose facsimile signature shall appear on any coupon shall cease to be such officer before the delivery of such bonds such signature shall nevertheless be valid and sufficient for all purposes the same as if such officer had remained in office until such delivery All such bonds shall be signed by the Chairman of the Authority and the official seal of the Authority shall be affixed thereto and LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 463 attested by the Secretary and Treasurer of the Authority and any coupons attached thereto shall bear the facsimile signatures of the Chairman and Secretary and Treasurer of the Authority Any coupon may bear the facsimile signatures of such persons and any bond may be signed sealed and attested on behalf of the Authority by such persons as at the actual time of the execution of such bonds shall be duly authorized or hold the proper office although at the date of such bonds such persons may not have been so authorized or shall not have held such office I Same Negotiability All revenue bonds issued under the provisions of this Act shall have and are hereby declared to be negotiable under the laws of the State J Same Sale Proceeds of Bonds The Authority may sell such bonds in such manner and for such price as it may determine to be for the best interest of the Authority and the proceeds derived from the sale of such bonds shall be used solely for the purpose provided in the proceedings authorizing the issuance of such bonds K Same Interim Receipts and Certificates or Temporary Bonds Prior to the preparation of definitive bonds the Authority may under like restrictions issue interim receipts interim certificates or temporary bonds with or without coupons exchangeable for definitive bonds upon the issuance of the latter L Same Replacement of Lost or Mutilated Bonds The Authority may also provide for the replacement of any bonds and coupons which shall become mutilated or be destroyed or lost M Same Conditions Precedent to Issuance Such revenue bonds may be issued without any other proceedings or the happening of any other conditions or things other than those proceedings conditions and things which are specified or required hereunder Any resolution providing for the issuance of revenue bonds under the provisions hereof shall become effective immediately upon its passage and need not be published or posted and any such resolution may be passed at any regular or special or adjourned meeting of the Authority 464 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL N Same Credit Not Pledged and Debt Not Created Revenue Bonds issued by the Authority hereunder shall not be deemed to constitute a debt of the City of Covington Georgia nor of the State of Georgia or any municipality county authority instrumentality or political subdivision of the State of Georgia which may contract with such Authority No contracts entered into by the Authority with any such municipality county authority instrumentality or political subdivision of the State of Georgia shall create a debt of the respective municipalities counties authorities or political subdivisions of the State of Georgia within the meaning of Article VII Section VII Paragraph I of the Constitution of the State of Georgia but any such municipality county authority or political subdivision of the State of Georgia may obligate itself to pay the payments required under such contracts from monies received from taxes and from any other source without creating a debt within the meaning of Article VII Section VII Paragraph I of the Constitution of the State of Georgia O Same Trust Indenture as Security In the discretion of the Authority any issue of such revenue bonds may be secured by a trust indenture by and between the Authority and a corporate trustee which may be any trust company or bank having the powers of a trust company within or without the State Such trust indenture may pledge or assign fees tolls revenues and earnings to be received by the Authority Either the resolution providing for the issuance of revenue bonds of such trust indenture may contain such provisions for protecting and enforcing the rights and remedies of the bondholders as may be reasonable and proper and not in violation of law including covenants setting forth the duties of the Authority in relation to the acquisition of property the construction of the project the maintenance operation repair and insuring of the project and the custody safeguarding and application of all monies and may also provide that any project shall be constructed and paid for under the supervision and approval of consulting engineers or architects employed or designated by the Authority and satisfactory to the original purchasers of the bonds and may also require that the security given by contractors and by any depositary of the proceeds of the bonds or revenues or other monies be satisfactory to such purchasers and may also contain provisions LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 465 concerning the conditions if any upon which additional revenue bonds may be issued It shall be lawful for any bank or trust company incorporated under the laws of this State to act as such depositary and to furnish such indemnifying bonds or pledge such securities as may be required by the Authority Such indenture may set forth the rights and remedies of the bondholders and of the trustee and may restrict the individual right of action of bondholders as is customary in trust indentures securing bonds and debentures of corporations In addition to the foregoing such trust indenture may contain such other provisions as the Authority may deem reasonable and proper for the security of the bondholders All expenses incurred in carrying out such trust indenture may be treated as a part of the cost of maintenance operation and repair of the project affected by such indenture P To Whom Proceeds of Ponds Shall be Paid The Authority shall in the resolution providing for the issuance of revenue bonds or in the trust indenture provide for the payment of the proceeds of the sale of the bonds to any officer or person who or any agency bank or trust company which shall act as trustee of such funds and shall hold and apply the same to the purposes hereof subject to such regulations as such resolutions or trust indentures may provide Q Sinking Fund The revenues fees tolls and earnings derived from any particular project or projects regardless of whether or not such fees earnings and revenues were produced by a particular project for which bonds have been issued unless otherwise pledged and allocated may be pledged and allocated by the Authority to the payment of the principal of and interest on revenue bonds of the Authority as the resolution authorizing the issuance of the bonds or in the trust instrument may provide and such funds so pledged from whatever source received which said pledge may include funds received from one or more or all sources shall be set aside at regular intervals as may be provided in the resolution or trust indenture into a sinking fund which said sinking fund shall be pledged to and charged with the payment of 1 the interest upon such revenue bonds as such interest shall fall due 2 the principal of the bonds as the same shall fall due 3 the necessary charges of paying agents for paying principal and interest and other investment charges 466 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL and 4 any premium upon bonds retired by call or purchase as hereinabove provided The use and disposition of such sinking fund shall be subject to such regulations as may be provided in the resolution authorizing the issuance of the revenue bonds or in the trust indenture but except as may otherwise be provided in such resolution or trust indenture such sinking fund shall be maintained as a trust account for the benefit of all revenue bonds without distinction or priority of one over another Subject to the provisions of the resolution authorizing the issuance of the bonds or in the trust indenture any surplus monies in the sinking fund may be applied to the purchase or redemption of bonds and any such bonds so purchased or redeemed shall forthwith be cancelled and shall not again be issued R Remedies of Bondholders Any holder of revenue bonds issued under the provisions of this Act or any of the coupons appertaining thereto and the trustee under the trust indenture if any except to the extent the rights herein given may be restricted by resolution passed before the issuance of the bonds or by the trust indenture may either at law or in equity by suit action mandamus or other proceedings protect and enforce any and all rights under the laws of the State of Georgia or granted hereunder or under such resolution or trust indenture and may enforce and compel performance of all duties required by this Act or by such resolution or trust indenture to be performed by the Authority or any officer thereof including the fixing charging and collecting of revenues fees tolls and other charges for the use of the facilities and services furnished S Funding and Refunding Bonds The Authority is hereby authorized to provide by resolution for the issuance of bonds of the Authority for the purpose of funding or refunding any revenue bonds issued under the provisions of this Act and then outstanding together with accrued interest thereon and premium if any The issuance of such funding or refunding bonds the maturities and all other details thereof the rights of the holders thereof and the duties of the Authority in respect to the same shall be governed by the foregoing provisions of this Act insofar as the same may be applicable T Venue and Jurisdiction Any action to protect or enforce any rights under the provisions of this Act or any suit or action LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 467 against such Authority shall be brought in the Superior Court of Newton County Georgia and any action pertaining to the validation of any bonds issued under the provisions of this Act shall likewise be brought in said court which shall have exclusive original jurisdiction of such actions U Validation Bonds of the Authority shall be confirmed and validated in accordance with the procedure of the Revenue Bond Law as amended or as same may be hereafter amended The petition or validation shall also make a party defendant to such action any municipality county authority political subdivision or instrumentality of the State of Georgia which has contracted with the Authority for the services and facilities of the project for which bonds are to be issued and sought to be validated and any such municipality county authority political subdivision or instrumentality shall be required to show cause if any exist why such contract or contracts and the terms and conditions thereof should not be inquired into by the court and the contract or contracts adjudicated as a part of the basis of the security for the payment of any such bonds of the Authority The bonds when validated and the judgment of validation shall be final and conclusive with respect to such bonds and the security for the payment thereof and interest thereon and against the Authority issuing the same and any municipality county authority political subdivision or instrumentality if a party to the validation proceedings contracting with the said City of Covington Parking Authority V Interest of Bondholders Protected While any of the bonds issued by the Authority remain outstanding the powers duties or existence of said Authority or of its officers employees or agents shall not be diminished or impaired in any manner that will affect adversely the interests and rights of the holders of such bonds W Monies Received Considered Trust Funds All monies received pursuant to the authority of this Act whether as proceeds from the sale of revenue bonds as grants or othercontributions or as revenues income fees and earnings shall be deemed to be trust funds to be held and applied solely as provided in this Act 468 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL X Rates Charges and Revenues Use The Authority is hereby authorized to prescribe and fix rates and to revise same from time to time and to collect fees tolls and charges for the services facilities and commodities furnished and in anticipation of the collection of the revenues of such undertaking or project to issue revenue bonds as herein provided to finance in whole or in part the cost of the acquisition construction reconstruction improvement betterment or extension of its parking facilities and to pledge to the punctual payment of said bonds and interest thereon all or any part of the revenues of such undertaking or project including the revenues of improvements betterments or extensions thereto thereafter made Y Rules and Regulations for Operation of Projects It shall be the duty of the Authority to prescribe rules and regulations for the operation of the project or projects constructed under the provisions hereof including the basis on which services and facilities or both shall be furnished Z Governmental Function It is hereby declared that the Authority will be performing an essential governmental function in the exercise of the powers conferred upon it hereunder whereby traffic congestion in the City of Covington will be alleviated and as a result the lives and property of the residents thereof and others using its streets will be better protected all in the furtherance of the essential public purpose for which it is hereby declared to be created A A Immunity from Tort Actions The Authority shall have the same immunity and exemption from liability for torts and negligence as the State of Georgia and the officers agents and employees of the Authority when in the performance of the work of the Authority shall have the same immunity and exemption from liability for torts and negligence as the officers agents and employees of the State of Georgia The Authority may be sued in the same manner as private corporations may be sued on any contractual obligation of the Authority BB Property Subject to Levy and Sale The property of the Authority shall not be subject to levy and sale under legal process except such property revenue income or funds as may be pledged assigned mortgaged or conveyed to secure an obligation of the Authority and any such property revenue funds or LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 469 income may be sold under legal process or under any power granted by the Authority to enforce payment of the obligation CC Construction This amendment and all provisions rights powers and authority granted hereunder shall be effective notwithstanding any other provision of the Constitution to the contrary and this amendment and any law enacted with reference to the Authority shall be liberally construed for the accomplishment of its purposes DD Effective Date This amendment shall be effective immediately upon proclamation of its ratification by the Governor EE General Asembly This amendment is selfenacting and does not require any enabling legislation for it to become effective However the General Assembly may by law further define and prescribe the powers and duties of the Authority and the exercise thereof and may enlarge and restrict the same and may likewise further regulate the management and conduct of the Authority not inconsistent with the provisions of this amendment The Authority shall be an instrumentality of the State of Georgia and the scope of its operation shall be limited to the territory embraced within the corporate limits of the City of Covington Georgia as the same now or may hereafter exist DOWNTOWN SAVANNAH AUTHORITY 1 Creation There is hereby created a body corporate and politic to be known as the Downtown Savannah Authority which shall be deemed to be an instrumentality of the State of Georgia and a public corporation thereof and by that name style and title said body may contract and be contracted with sue and be sued implead and be impleaded and complain and defend in all courts of law and equity 2 Purpose The said Authority is created for the purpose of acquiring constructing adding to extending improving equipping maintaining and operating public projects public buildings and other public facilities parking lots or garages and other parking structures and any and all other facilities useful or desirable in connection therewith acquiring the necessary prop Editorial note The amendment creating the Downtown Savannah Authority was added by a general amendment ratified November 5 19741 470 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL erty therefor both real and personal with the right to contract for the use of or to lease or sell any or all of such facilities including real property and to do any and all things deemed by the Authority necessary convenient or desirable for and incident to the efficient and proper development and operation thereof 3 Membership The Authority shall consist of five members One of such members who shall serve as Chairman of said Authority shall be either the Mayor of the City of Savannah Georgia or a member of the City Council of the City of Savannah who shall serve during his term of office The remaining four members of the Authority selected by the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Savannah shall be residents and qualified voters of the City of Savannah but no member of the City Council shall be eligible for appointment during his term of office The original members of the Authority shall be appointed as follows one for a term of four years one for a term of three years one for a term of two years and one for a term of one year Thereafter all members selected and appointed shall serve for a term of four years and until their successors shall have been selected and appointed Any member of the Authority may be selected and appointed to succeed himself All appointments shall be for a term commencing on January 1 and ending on December 31 of the year of the expiration of the appointment The members of the Authority shall enter upon their duties immediately upon taking office after such appointment The Authority shall elect one of its members as Vice Chairman who shall be elected for a term of one year or until his successor is selected and qualified and annually thereafter the Authority shall elect one of its members in the same manner for a oneyear term The Authority shall also elect a Secretary and Treasurer which Secretary and Treasurer need not necessarily be a member of the Authority and if not a member he or she shall have no voting rights and said Secretary and Treasurer shall be elected to serve at the pleasure of the Authority No member of the Authority shall hold more than one office except that of Secretary and Treasurer Three members of the Authority shall constitute a quorum A majority of the members is empowered to exercise the rights and perform all the duties of the Authority and no vacancies on the Authority shall impair the right of the quorum to act In the event of a vacancy on the Authority through death resignation or otherwise same shall be filled for the unexpired term of the member LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 471 ceasing to be a member of such Authority for any reason in the same manner that such member originally became a member of the Authority The members of the Authority shall serve without compensation except that they shall be reimbursed for actual expenses incurred in the performance of their duties The Authority shall make rules and regulations for its own government It shall have perpetual existence In the event the number of the members of the Authority or the qualifications of the membership or the manner in which the members of the Authority shall be selected shall ever be the subject of change the same may be accomplished by an Act of the General Assembly except that the General Assembly may not alter the term of office of any duly appointed member then serving 4 Definitions As used herein the following words and terms shall have the following meanings A The word Authority shall mean the Downtown Savannah Authority herein created B The word Projects or Project shall be deemed to mean and include the acquisition construction equipping maintenance and operation of any public project public building or other public facility parking lots garages or other parking structures or similar undertaking and any and all other facilities useful or desirable in connection with such undertakings and extensions and improvements of such projects buildings or facilities and the acquisition of the necessary property therefor both real and personal all for the essential public purposes of development and promotion of civic and cultural growth public welfare trade commerce education amusement recreation or to alleviate traffic congestion in the City of Savannah and thereby better protect the lives and property of its residents and others using its streets C The term cost of the project shall embrace the cost of construction the cost of lands properties rights easements and franchises acquired and the cost of all conveyances in fee simple of the Authoritys title thereto and leases thereof the cost of preparing the land including the installation of storm and sanitary sewers and all utilities therefor the cost of all machinery equipment and furnishings related to the operation of any project or projects financing charges interest prior to and 472 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL during construction and for six months after completion of construction cost of engineering architectural fiscal and legal expenses and other expenses necessary and incident to determine the feasibility or practicability of the project administrative expenses and such other expenses as may be necessary or incident to the financing herein authorized and the cost of placing any project in operation Any expenses incurred for any of the foregoing purposes shall be regarded as part of the cost of the project or projects and may be paid or reimbursed out of funds of the Authority including the proceeds of any revenue bonds issued under provisions of this Act for such project or projects D The terms revenue bonds and bonds shall mean any bonds of the Authority which are hereunder authorized to be issued including refunding bonds as though such revenue bonds had originally been authorized to be issued under the provisions of the Revenue Bond Law Ga L 1957 p 36 et seq as amended amending the law formerly known as the Revenue Certificate Law of 1937 Ga L 1937 p 761 et seq as amended and in addition shall also mean any obligations of the Authority the issuance of which are hereinafter specifically provided for E Any project or combination of projects shall be deemed selfliquidating if in the judgment of the Authority the revenues and earnings to be derived by the Authority therefrom including but not limited to any revenues derived from the City of Savannah or other political subdivision under any contracts with the Authority will be sufficient to pay the cost of operating repairing and maintaining the project and to pay the principal and interest on the revenue bonds which may be issued to finance in whole or in part the cost of such project projects or combination of projects 5 Powers The Authority shall have the powers A To adopt and alter a corporate seal B To acquire by purchase lease or otherwise and to hold lease and dispose of real and personal property of every kind and character for its corporate purposes C To acquire in its own name by purchase on such terms and conditions and in such manner as it may deem proper or by LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 473 condemnation in accordance with the provisions of any and all laws applicable to the condemnation of property for public use real property or rights or easements therein or franchises necessary or convenient for its corporate purposes and to use the same so long as its corporate existence shall continue and to lease or make contracts with respect to the use of or dispose of the same in any manner it deems to the best advantage of the Authority the Authority being under no obligation to accept and pay for any property condemned under the provisions hereof except from the funds provided under the authority hereof and in any proceedings to condemn such orders may be made by the court having jurisdiction of the suit action or proceedings as may be just to the Authority and to the owners of the property to be condemned and no property shall be acquired under the provisions hereof upon which any lien or other encumbrance exists unless at the time such property is so acquired a sufficient sum of money be deposited in trust to pay and redeem the fair value of such lien or encumbrance and if the Authority shall deem it expedient to construct any project on any other lands the title to which shall then be in the State of Georgia the Governor is hereby authorized to convey for and in behalf of the State title to such lands to the Authority upon payment to the State Treasurer for the credit of the general fund of the State of the reasonable value of such lands in accordance with the applicable laws of the State of Georgia D To appoint select and employ officers agents and employees including engineering architectural and construction experts fiscal agents and attorneys and fix their respective compensations E To make contracts and leases and to execute all instruments necessary or convenient including contracts for construction of projects and leases of projects or contracts with respect to the use of projects which it causes to be erected or acquired and to contract with the City of Savannah and with the State of Georgia and any departments institutions agencies counties municipalities or political subdivisions of the State of Georgia public corporations and with others upon such terms and for such purposes as may be deemed advisable for a term not exceeding fifty years and the City of Savannah is hereby authorized to enter into contracts and related agreements for the use by 474 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL the City of Savannah or the residents thereof of any project structure building or facility or a combination of two or more projects structures buildings or facilities of the Authority for a term not exceeding fifty years and said City be and the same is hereby specifically authorized to levy taxes without limitation as to rate or amount and to expend tax monies of the City and any other available funds and to obligate said City to make payment thereof to the Authority upon such terms as may be provided in any contract entered into by and between the Authority and the City of Savannah in order to enable the Authority to pay the principal of and interest on any of its bonds as same mature and to create and maintain a reserve for that purpose and also to enable the Authority to pay the cost of maintaining repairing and operating the property or facilities so furnished by said Authority F To acquire construct own repair add to extend improve equip operate maintain and manage projects as hereinabove defined the cost of any such project to be paid in whole or in part from the proceeds of revenue bonds of the Authority or from such proceeds and any grant or contribution from the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof or from the State of Georgia or any agency or instrumentality thereof G To accept loans andor grants of money or materials or property of any kind from the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof upon such terms and conditions as the United States of America or such agency or instrumentality may require H To accept loans andor grants of money or materials or property of any kind from the State of Georgia or any agency or instrumentality or political subdivision thereof upon such terms and conditions as the State of Georgia or such agency or instrumentality or political subdivision may require I To borrow money for any of its corporate purposes and to issue negotiable revenue bonds payable solely from funds pledged for that purpose and to provide for the payment of the same and for the rights of the holders thereof LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 475 J To exercise any power usually possessed by private corporations performing simliar functions which is not in conflict with the Constitution and laws of this State and K To do all things necessary or convenient to carry out the powers expressly given hereunder 6 Revenue Bonds The Authority or any authority or body which has or which may in the future succeed to the powers duties and liabilities vested in the Authority created hereby shall have power and is hereby authorized to provide by resolution for the issuance of negotiable revenue bonds for the purpose of paying all or any part of the cost as herein defined of any one or more projects The principal of and interest on such revenue bonds shall be payable solely from the special fund herein provided for such payment The bonds of each issue shall be dated shall bear interest at such rate or rates per annum payable at such time or times shall mature at such time or times not exceeding 40 years from their date or dates shall be payable in such medium of payment as to both principal and interest as may be made redeemable before maturity at the option of the Authority at such price or prices and under such terms and conditions as may be fixed by the Authority in the resolution providing for the issuance of the bonds 7 Same Form Denomination Registration Place of Payment The Authority shall determine the form of the bonds including any interest coupons to be attached thereto and shall fix the denomination or denominations of the bonds and the place or places of payment of the principal thereof and the interest thereon which may be at any bank or trust company within or without the State The bonds may be issued in coupon or registered forms or both as the Authority may determine and provision may be made for the registration of any coupon bond as to principal alone and also as to both prinicipal and interest 8 Same Signature Seal In case any officer whose signature shall appear on any bonds or whose fascsimile signature shall appear on any coupon shall cease to be such officer before the delivery of such bonds such signature shall nevertheless be valid and sufficient for all purposes the same as if such officer had remained in office until such delivery All such bonds shall 476 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL be signed by the Chairman of the Authority and the official seal of the Authority shall be affixed thereto and attested by the Secretary and Treasurer of the Authority and any coupons attached thereto shall bear the facsimile signatures of the Chairman and Secretary and Treasurer of the Authority Any coupon may bear the facsimile signatures of such persons and any bond may be signed sealed and attested on behalf of the Authority by such persons as at the actual time of the execution of such bonds shall be duly authorized or hold the proper office although at the date of such bonds such persons may not have been so authorized or shall not have held such office 9 Same Negotiability All revenue bonds issued under the provisions of this Act shall have and are hereby declared to be negotiable under the laws of the State 10 Same Sale Proceeds of Bonds The Authority may sell such bonds in such manner and for such price as it may determine to be for the best interest of the Authority and the proceeds derived from the sale of such bonds shall be used solely for the purpose provided in the proceedings authorizing the issuance of such bonds 11 Same Interim Receipts and Certificates or Temporary Bonds Prior to the preparation of definitive bonds the Authority may under like restrictions issue interim receipts interim certificates or temporary bonds with or without coupons exchangeable for definitive bonds upon the issuance of the latter 12 Same Replacement of Lost or Mutilated Bonds The Authority may also provide for the replacement of any bonds or coupons which shall become mutilated or be destroyed or lost 13 Same Conditions Precedent to Issuance Such revenue bonds may be issued without any other proceedings or the happening of any other conditions or things other than those proceedings conditions and things which are specified or required hereunder Any resolution providing for the issuance of revenue bonds under the provisions hereof shall become effective immediately upon its passage and need not be published or posted and any such resolution may be passed at any regular or special or adjourned meeting of the Authority LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 477 14 Same Credit Not Pledged and Debt Not Created Revenue bonds issued by the Authority hereunder shall not be deemed to constitute a debt of the City of Savannah nor of the State of Georgia or any municipality county authority instrumentality or political subdivision of the State of Georgia which may contract with such Authority No contracts entered into by the Authority with any such municipality county authority instrumentality or political subdivision of the State of Georgia shall create a debt of the respective municipalities counties authorities or political subdivisions of the State of Georgia within the meaning of Article VII Section VII Paragraph I of the Constitution of the State of Georgia but any such municipality county authority or political subdivision of the State of Georgia may obligate itself to pay the payments required under such contracts from monies received from taxes and from any other source without creating a debt within the meaning of Article VII Section VII Paragraph I of the Constitution of the State of Georgia 15 Same Trust Indenture as Security In the discretion of the Authority any issue of such revenue bonds may be secured by a trust indenture by and between the Authority and a corporate trustee which may be any trust company or bank having the powers of a trust company within or without the State Such trust indenture may pledge or assign fees tolls revenues and earnings to be received by the Authority Either the resolution providing for the issuance of revenue bonds or such trust indenture may contain such provisions for protecting and enforcing the rights and remedies of the bondholders as may be reasonable and proper and not in violation of law including covenants setting forth the duties of the Authority in relation to the acquisition of property the construction of the project the maintenance operation repair and insuring of the project and the custody safeguarding and application of all monies and may also provide that any project shall be constructed and paid for under the supervision and approval of consulting engineers or architects employed or designated by the Authority and satisfactory to the original purchasers of the bonds and may also require that the security given by contractors and by any depositary of the proceeds of the bonds or revenues or other monies be satisfactory to such purchasers and may also contain provisions concerning the conditions if any upon which addi 478 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL tional revenue bonds may be issued It shall be lawful for any bank or trust company incorporated under the laws of this State to act as such depositary and to furnish such indemnifying bonds or pledge such securities as may be required by the Authority Such indenture may set forth the rights and remedies of the bondholders and of the trustee and may restrict the individual rights of action of bondholders as is customary in trust indentures securing bonds and debentures of corporations In addition to the foregoing such trust indenture may contain such other provisions as the Authority may deem reasonable and proper for the security of the bondholders All expenses incurred in carrying out such trust indenture may be treated as a part of the cost of maintenance operation and repair of the project affected by such indenture 16 To Whom Proceeds Shall Be Paid The Authority shall in the resolution providing for the issuance of revenue bonds or in the trust indenture provide for the payment of the proceeds of the sale of the bonds to any officer or person who or any agency bank or trust company which shall act as trustee of such funds and shall hold and apply the same to the purposes hereof subject to such regulations as such resolutions or trust indentures may provide 17 Sinking Fund The revenues fees tolls and earnings derived from any particular project or projects regardless of whether or not such fees earnings and revenues were produced by a particular project for which bonds have been issued unless otherwise pledged and allocated may be pledged and allocated by the Authority to the payment of the principal of and interest on revenue bonds of the Authority as the resolution authorizing the issuance of the bonds or in the trust instrument may provide and such funds so pledged from whatever source received which said pledge may include funds received from one or more or all sources shall be set aside at regular intervals as g may be provided in the resolution or trust indenture into a sinking fund which said sinking fund shall be pledged to and charged with the payment of 1 the interest upon such revenue bonds as such interest shall fall due 2 the principal of the bonds as the same shall fall due 3 the necessary charges of paying agents for paying principal and interest and other investment charges and 4 any premium upon bonds retired by call or purchase as LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 479 hereinabove provided The use and disposition of such sinking fund shall be subject to such regulations as may be provided in the resolution authorizing the issuance of the revenue bonds or in the trust indenture but except as may otherwise be provided in such resolution or trust indenture such sinking fund shall be maintained as a trust account for the benefit of all revenue bonds without distinction or priority of one over another Subject to the provisions of the resolution authorizing the issuance of the bonds or in the trust indenture any surplus monies in the sinking fund may be applied to the purchase or redemption of bonds and any such bonds so purchased or redeemed shall forthwith be cancelled and shall not again be issued 18 Remedies of Bondholders Any holder of revenue bonds issued under the provisions of this Act or any of the coupons appertaining thereto and the trustee under the trust indenture if any except to the extent the rights herein given may be restricted by resolution passed before the issuance of the bonds or by the trust indenture may either at law or in equity by suit action mandamus or other proceedings protect and enforce any and all rights under the laws of the State of Georgia or granted hereunder or under such resolution or trust indenture and may enforce and compel performance of all duties required by this Act or by such resolution or trust indenture to be performed by the Authority or any officer thereof including the fixing charging and collecting of revenues fees tolls and other charges for the use of the facilities and services furnished 19 Funding and Refunding Bonds The Authority is hereby authorized to provide by resolution for the issuance of bonds of the Authority for the purpose of funding or refunding any revenue bonds issued under the provisions of this Act and then outstanding together with accrued interest thereon and premium if any The issuance of such funding or refunding bonds the maturities and all other details thereof the rights of the holders thereof and the duties of the Authority in respect to the same shall be governed by the foregoing provisions of this Act insofar as the same may be applicable 20 Venue and Jurisdiction Any action to protect or enforce any rights under the provisions of this Act or any suit or action 480 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL against such Authority shall be brought in the Superior Court of Chatham County Georgia and any action pertaining to the validation of any bonds issued under the provisions of this Act shall likewise be brought in said court which shall have exclusive original jurisdiction of such actions 21 Validation Bonds of the Authority shall be confirmed and validated in accordance with the procedure of the Revenue Bond Law as amended or as same may be hereafter amended The petition or validation shall also make a party defendant to such action any municipality county authority political subdivision or instrumentality of the State of Georgia which has contracted with the Authority for the services and facilities of the project for which bonds are to be issued and sought to be validated and any such municipality county authority political subdivision or instrumentality shall be required to show cause if any exist why such contract or contracts and the terms and conditions thereof should not be inquired into Iy the court and the contract or contracts adjudicated as a part of the basis of the security for the payment of any such bonds of the Authority The bonds when validated and the judgment of validation shall be final and conclusive with respect to such bonds and the security for the payment thereof and interest thereon and against the Authority issuing the same and any municipality county authority political subdivision or instrumentality if a party to the validation proceedings contracting with the said Authority 22 Interest of Bondholders Protected While any of the bonds issued by the Authority remain outstanding the powers duties or existence of said Authority or of its officers employees or agents shall not be diminished or impaired in any manner that will affect adversely the interests and rights of the holders of such bonds 23 Monies Received Considered Trust Funds All monies received pursuant to the authority of this Act whether as proceeds from the sale of revenue bonds as grants or other contributions or as revenues income fees and earnings shall be deemed to be trust funds to be held and applied solely as provided in this Act LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 481 24 Rates Charges and Revenues Use The Authority is hereby authorized to prescribe and fix rents and rates and to revise same from time to time and to collect payments fees tolls and charges on each project or for the services facilities and commodities furnished and in anticipation of the collection of the revenues of such undertakings or projects to issue revenue bonds as herein provided to finance in whole or in part the cost of the acquisition construction reconstruction improvement betterment or extension of its undertakings or projects and to pledge to the punctual payment of said bonds and interest thereon all or any part of the revenues of such undertakings or projects including the revenues of improvements betterments or extensions thereto thereafter made 25 Rules and Regulations for Operation of Projects It shall be the duty of the Authority to prescribe rules and regulations for the operation of the project or projects constructed under the provisions hereof including the basis on which services and facilities or both shall be furnished 26 Governmental Function It is hereby declared that the Authority is created for a public purpose and will be performing an essential governmental function in the exercise of the powers conferred upon it hereunder in the development and promotion of civic and cultural growth public welfare trade commerce education amusement recreation or to alleviate traffic congestion in tbe City of Savannah and thereby better protect the lives and property of its residents and others using its streets 27 Immunity From Tort Actions The Authority shall have the same immunity and exemption from liability for torts and negligence as the State of Georgia and the officers agents and employees of the Authority when in the performance of the work of the Authority shall have the same immunity and exemption from liability for torts and negligence as the officers agents and employees of the State of Georgia The Authority may be sued in the same manner as private corporations may be sued on any contractual obligation of the Authority 28 Property Subject to Levy and Sale The property of the Authority shall not be subject to levy and sale under legal process except such property revenue income or funds as may 482 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL be pledged assigned mortgaged or conveyed to secure an obligation of the Authority and any such property revenue funds or income may be sold under legal process or under any power granted by the Authority to enforce payment of the obligation 29 Construction This amendment and all provisions rights powers and authority granted hereunder shall be effective notwithstanding any other provision of the Constitution to the contrary and this amendment and any law enacted with reference to the Authority shall be liberally construed for the accomplishment of its purposes 30 Effective Date This amendment shall be effective immediately upon proclamation of its ratification by the Governor 31 General Assembly This amendment is selfenacting and does not require any enabling legislation for it to become effective However the General Assembly may by law further define and prescribe the powers and duties of the Authority and the exercise thereof and may enlarge and restrict the same and may likewise further regulate the management and conduct of the Authority not inconsistent with the provisions of this amendment The Authority shall be an instrumentality of the State of Georgia and the scope of its operation shall be limited to the territory embraced within the corporate limits of the City of Savannah Georgia as the same now or may hereafter exist Paragraph VA Revenue Obligations Authorized The development of trade commerce industry and employment opportunities is hereby declared to be a public purpose vital to the welfare of the people of this State The General Assembly may create Development Authorities to promote and further such purposes or may authorize the creation of such Authority by any county or municipal corporation or combinations thereof under such uniform terms and conditions as it may deem necessary The General Assembly may exempt from taxation Development Authority obligations properties activities or income and may authorize the issuance of Revenue Obligations by such Authorities which shall not constitute an indebtedness of the State within the meaning of Section VII of this Article LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 483 The General Assembly may provide for the validation of any Revenue Obligations authorized and that such validation shall thereafter be incontestable and conclusive Editorial note Paragraph VA was added in 1968 Paragraph VI Refunding Bonds The General Assembly is hereby authorized to create a commission and to vest such commission with the power to secure all necessary information and to approve or disapprove the issuance of bonds for the purpose of refunding any bonded indebtedness of any county municipality or political subdivision of this State issued prior to the adoption of this Constitution including the authority to approve or disapprove the amount and terms of such refunding bonds together with such other powers as to the General Assembly may seem proper but not in conflict with the provisions of the Constitution Such refunding bonds shall be authorized only where such county municipality or political subdivision has not the funds available to meet the payment of outstanding bonded indebtedness through failure to levy and collect the required taxes or through failure to maintain the required sinking fund for such bonds The General Assembly may approve the issuance of the said refunding bonds under the conditions stated Such refunding bonds shall not together with all other outstanding bonded indebtedness exceed the limits fixed by this Constitution for the maximum amount of bonded indebtedness which may be issued by such county municipality or political subdivision and shall be otherwise governed by all of the terms and provisions of this Constitution No bonds shall be issued under this paragraph to refund any bonds issued after the adoption of this Constitution Paragraph VII Refunding Bonds to Reduce Bonded Indebtedness The General Assembly is further authorized to give to the said Commission the power and authority to approve or disapprove the issuance of bonds to refund any outstanding bonded indebtedness of any county municipality or political subdivision now or hereafter issued for the purpose of reducing the amount payable principal or interest on such bonded indebtedness and upon the condition that the issuance of such refunding bonds will reduce the amounts payable upon such outstanding bonds principal or interest Such refunding bonds shall replace such outstanding bonded indebtedness The said Commission shall 484 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL have the authority to approve or disapprove the terms of any such proposed refunding bonds The General Assembly may authorize the issuance of such refunding bonds issued for the said purpose when approved by the said Commission and authorized by the governing authority of such county municipality or subdivision without an election by the qualified voters as otherwise required but in all other respects such refunding bonds shall comply with the provisions of this Constitution Section VIII Paragraph I Sinking Funds For Bonds All amounts collected from any source for the purpose of paying the principal and interest of any bonded indebtedness of any county municipality or subdivision and to provide for the retirement of such bonded indebtedness above the amount needed to pay the principal and interest on such bonded indebtedness due in the year of such collection shall be placed in a sinking fund to be held and used to pay off the principal and interest of such bonded indebtedness thereafter maturing The funds in such sinking fund shall be kept separate and apart from all other moneys of such county municipality or subdivision and shall be used for no purpose other than that above stated The moneys in such sinking fund may be invested and reinvested by the governing authorities of such county municipality or subdivision or by such other authority as has been created to hold and manage such sinking fund in the bonds of such county municipality or subdivision and in bonds or obligations of the State of Georgia of the counties and cities thereof and of the government of the United States of subsidiary corporations of the Federal Government fully guaranteed by such government and no other Any person or persons violating the above provisions shall be guilty of malpractice in office and shall also be guilty of misdemeanor and shall be punished when convicted as prescribed by law for the punishment of misdemeanors until the General Assembly shall make other provisions for the violation of the terms of this paragraph LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 485 Section IX Appropriation Control Paragraph I Preparation submission and enactments of General Appropriations Bill a The Governor shall submit to the General Assembly within five days after its convening in regular session in 1973 and each year thereafter a budget mesage and a budget report accompanied by a draft of a General Appropriations Bill in such form and manner as may be prescribed by statute which shall provide for the appropriation of the funds necessary to operate all the various departments and agencies and to meet the current expenses of the State for the next fiscal year b The General Assembly shall annually appropriate the funds necessary to operate all the various departments and agencies and meet the current expenses of the State for the next fiscal year The fiscal year of the State shall commence on the first day of July of each year and terminate on the thirtieth of June following c The General Asembly shall by general law provide for the regulation and management of the finance and fiscal administration of the State Editorial note Paragraph I was altered by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 Paragraph II General Appropriation Act a Each General Appropriation Act now of force or hereafter adopted with such amendments as are adopted from time to time shall continue in force and effect for the next fiscal year after adoption and it shall then expire except for the mandatory appropriations required by this Constitution and those required to meet contractual obligations authorized by this Constitution and the continued appropriation of Federal grants Editorial note Paragraph II was altered by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 b The General Assembly shall not appropriate funds for any given fiscal year which in aggregate exceed a sum equal to the amount of unappropriated surplus expected to have accrued in the State Treasury at the beginning of the fiscal year 486 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL together with an amount not greater than the total Treasury receipts from existing revenue sources anticipated to be collected in the fiscal year less refunds as estimated in the Budget Report and amendments thereto Supplementary appropriations if any shall be made in the manner provided in Article VII Section IX Paragraph III of this Constitution but in no event shall a supplementary appropriations Act continue in force and effect beyond the expiration of the General Appropriations Act in effect when such supplementary appropriations Act was adopted and approved c All appropriated funds except for the mandatory appropriations required by this Constitution remaining unexpended and not contractually obligated at the expiration of such General Appropriations Act shall lapse d All federal funds received by the State of Georgia are hereby continually appropriated in the exact amounts and for the purposes authorized and directed by the Federal Government in making the grant e The State State institutions departments and agencies of the State are hereby prohibited from entering into any contract with any public agency public corporation or authority pursuant to the provisions of Article VII Section VI Paragraph I a which such contract constitutes security for bonds or other obligations issued by any such public agency public corporation or authority and the appropriation or expenditure of any funds for the payment of obligations under any such contract is likewise prohibited at any time when the aggregate annual payments under all such contracts including the contract or contracts proposed to be entered into exceed 15 of the total revenue receipts less refunds of the State Treasury in the fiscal year immediately preceding the making and entering into of any such contract provided however this provision shall not affect contracts validly entered into prior to its adoption or which conform to this provision at the time the same are hereafter executed The execution of any such contract is further prohibited until the General Assembly has specifically LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 487 provided funds in an Appropriations Act for the payment of at least one years rental under such contract Editorial note Paragraphs I and II were reworded by an amendment ratified Nov 6 1962 Paragraph III Other or Supplementary Appropriations In addition to the appropriations made by the General Appropriation Act and amendments thereto the General Assembly may make additional appropriations by Acts which shall be known as supplementary appropriation Acts provided no such supplementary appropriation shall be available unless there is an unappropriated surplus in the State Treasury or the revenue necessary to pay such appropriation shall have been provided by a tax laid for such purpose and collected into the General Fund of the State Treasury Neither House shall pass a Supplementary Appropriation Bill until the General Appropriation Act shall have been finally adopted by both Houses and approved by the Governor Paragraph IV Appropriations to be for Specific Sums a Except as hereinafter provided the appropriation for each department officer bureau board commission agency or institution for which appropriation is made shall be for a specific sum of money and no appropriation shall allocate to any object the proceeds of any particular tax or fund or a part of percentage thereof b An amount equal to all money derived from motor fuel taxes received by the State in each of the immediately preceding fiscal years less the amount of refunds rebates and collection costs authorized by law is hereby appropriated for the fiscal year beginning July 1 of each year following for all activities incident to providing and maintaining an adequate system of public roads and bridges in this State as authorized by laws enacted by the General Assembly of Georgia and for grants to counties by law authorizing road construction and maintenance as provided by law authorizing such grants Said sum is hereby appropriated for and shall be available for the aforesaid purposes regardless of whether the General Assembly enacts a General Appropriations Act and said sum need not be specifically stated in any General Appropriations Act passed by the General Assembly in order to be available for such purposes 488 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL However this shall not preclude the General Assembly from appropriating for such purposes an amount greater than the sum specified above for such purposes The expenditure of such funds shall be subject to all the rules regulations and restrictions imposed on the expenditure of appropriations by provisions of the Constitution and laws of this State unless such provisions are in conflict with the provisions of this paragraph And provided however that the proceeds of the tax hereby appropriated shall not be subject to budgetary reduction In the event of invasion of this State by land sea or air or in case of a major catastrophe so proclaimed by the Governor said funds may be utilized for defense or relief purposes on the Executive Order of the Governor Editorial note Paragraph IV was altered by amendments ratified November 8 I960 and November 7 1972 Paragraph V Appropriations Void When Any appropriation made in conflict with either of the foregoing provisions shall be void Section X Paragraph I Existing Amendments Continued of Force Amendments to the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 in effect at the date of the ratification by the voters of the State of this Constitution shall continue of full force and effect after the ratification of this Constitution where such amendments are of merely local and not general application including the amendments pertaining to the Coastal Highway District of this State There is also continued under this provision in force and effect amendments to the Constitution of 1877 applicable to counties and cities having a population in excess of a number stated in such amendments amendments applicable to counties having a city wholly or partly therein with a population in excess of or not less than a number stated in such amendment and amendments applicable to cities lying in two counties where such amendments are in force and effect at the time of the ratification of this Constitution Provided the amendment of Paragraph I of Section II of Article XI of the Constitution of 1877 proposed by Georgia Laws 1943 page 53 and ratified August 3 1943 authorizing election by the people of the County Board of Education of Spalding County pre LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 489 scribing rules of eligibility of members of the Board providing for election by the Board of the County Superintendent of Schools shall not be continued of force ARTICLE VIII EDUCATION Section I Paragraph I System of Common Schools Free Tuition Separation of Races The provision of an adequate education for the citizens shall be a primary obligation of the State of Georgia the expense of which shall be provided for by taxation Separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races Section II Paragraph I State Board of Education Method of Appointment There shall be a State Board of Education composed of one member from each Congressional District in the State who shall be appointed by the Governor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate The Governor shall not be a member of the State Board of Education The first State Board of Education under this Constitution shall consist of those in office at the time this Constitution is adopted with the terms provided by law Thereafter all succeeding appointments shall be for seven year terms from the expiration of the previous term Vacancies upon said Board caused by expiration of term of office shall be similarly filled by appointment and confirmation In case of a vacancy on said Board by death resignation or from any ather cause other than the expiration of such members term of office the Board shall by secret ballot elect his successor who shall hold office until the end of the next session of the General Assembly or if the General Assembly be then in session to the end of that session During such session of the General Assembly the Governor shall appoint the successor member of the Board for the unexpired term and shall submit his name to the Senate for confirmation All members of the Board shall hold office until their successors are appointed and qualified The members of the State Board of Education shall be citizens of this State who shall have resided in Georgia continuously for 490 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL at least five years preceding their appointment No person employed in a professional capacity by a private or public education institution or by the State Department of Education shall be eligible for appointment or to serve on said Board No person who is or has been connected with or employed by a school book publishing concern shall be eligible to membership on the Board and if any person shall be so connected or employed after becoming a member of the Board his place shall immediately become vacant The said State Board of Education shall have such powers and duties as provided by law and existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution together with such further powers and duties as may be hereafter provided by law Section III Paragraph I State School Superintendent Election Term Etc There shall be a State School Superintendent who shall be the executive officer of the State Board of Education elected at the same time and in the same manner and for the same term as that of the Governor The State School Superintendent shall have such qualifications and shall be paid such compensation as may be fixed by law No member of said Board shall be eligible for election as State School Superintendent during the time for which he shall have been appointed Section IV i Paragraph I University System of Georgia Board of Regents There shall be a Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia and the government control and management of the University System of Georgia and all of its institutions in said system shall be vested in said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia Said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia shall consist of one member from each Congressional District in the State and five additional members from the Stateatlarge appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate The Governor shall not be a member of the said Board The first Board of Regents under this Constitution shall consist of those in office at the time this Constitution is adopted with the terms provided by law Thereafter all succeeding appointments shall be for seven year terms LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 491 from the expiration of the previous term Vacancies upon said Board caused by expiration of term of office shall be similarly filled by appointment and confirmation In case of a vacancy on said Board by death resignation of a member or from any other cause other than the expiration of such members term of office the Board shall by secret ballot elect his successor who shall hold office until the end of the next session of the General Assembly or if the General Assembly be then in session to the end of that session During such session of the General Assembly the Governor shall appoint the successor member of the Board for the unexpired term and shall submit his name to the Senate for confirmation All members of the Board of Regents shall hold office until their successors are appointed The said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia shall have the powers and duties as provided by law existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution together with such further powers and duties as may be hereafter provided by law Section V Paragraph I County System Board of Education Election Term Etc Authority is granted to counties to establish and maintain public schools within their limits Each county exclusive of any independent school system now in existence in a county shall compose one school district and shall be confined to the control and management of a County Board of Education The Grand Jury of each county shall select from the citizens of their respective counties five freeholders who shall constitute the County Board of Education Said members shall be elected for the term of five years except that the first election of Board members under this Constitution shall be for such terms that will provide for the expiration of the term of one member of the County Board of Education each year In case of a vacancy on said Board by death resignation of a member or from any other cause other than the expiration of such members term of office the Board shall by secret ballot elect his successor who shall hold office until the next Grand Jury convenes at which time said Grand Jury shall appoint the successor member of the Board for the unexpired term The members of the County Board of Education of such county shall be selected from that portion of the county not embraced within the territory of an independent school district 492 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL The General Assembly shall have authority to make provision for local trustees of each school in a county system and confer authority upon them to make recommendations as to budgets and employment of teachers and other authorized employees Paragraph II Boards of Education change by referendum Notwithstanding provisions contained in Article VIII Section V Paragraph I of this Constitution or in any local constitutional amendment applicable to any county school district the number of members of a county board of education their term of office residence requirements compensation manner of election or appointment and the method for filling vacancies occurring on said boards may hereafter be changed by local or special law conditioned upon approval by a majority of the qualified voters of the county school district voting in a referendum thereon Members of county boards of education shall have such powers and duties and such further qualifications as may be provided by law Editorial note Paragraph II was added by an amendment ratified Nov 8 1966 Section VI Paragraph I County School Superintendent Election Term Etc There shall be a County School Superintendent who shall be the executive officer of the County Board of Education He shall be elected by the people and his term of office shall be for four years and run concurrently with other county officers The qualifications and the salary of the County School Superintendent shall be fixed by law Paragraph II County school superintendents change by referendum Notwithstanding provisions contained in Article VIII Section VI Paragraph I of this Constitution or in any local constitutional amendment applicable to any county school superintendent the term of office of County school superintendents their residence requirements and the method of their election or appointment may hereafter be changed by local or special laws conditioned upon approval by a majority of the qualified voters of the county school district voting in a referendum thereon County school superintendents shall have such LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 493 qualifications powers duties and compensation as may be provided by law Editorial note Paragraph II was added by an amendment ratified Nov 8 1966 Section VII Paragraph I Independent Systems Continued New Systems Prohibited Authority is hereby granted to municipal corporations to maintain existing independent school systems and support the same as authorized by special or general law and such existing systems may add thereto colleges No independent school system shall hereafter be established Section VIII Paragraph I Meetings of Boards of Education All official meetings of County Boards of Education shall be open to the public Section IX Paragraph I Area School Districts Area Boards of Education Area School SuperintendentsThe boards of education of any two or more counties or independent school systems or any combination thereof may by special or local law provide for consolidation and merger of any two or more county school districts independent school systems or any portion or combination thereof into a single area school district under the control and management of an area board of education No such consolidation or merger shall become effective until approved by a majority of the voters voting in each of the school districts or school systems affected in a referendum held thereon in each school district or school system being consolidated or merged provided 51 of the registered voters in each district or system concerned shall vote in such election and provided a majority of said voters voting shall vote in the affirmative Any area school district so established shall constitute a separate political subdivision of this State and the school districts or school systems or portions thereof incorporated therein shall stand abolished and title to all school properties and assets therein shall vest in the area board of education The number of members of an area board of education their manner of election or 494 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL appointment their terms residence requirements qualifications powers duties and the method for filling vacancies on said boards shall be as provided by law There shall be an area school superintendent m each area school district who shall be the executive officer of the area board of education The mannr ij hls election or appointment and his qualifications term of office residence requirements powers duties and compensation shall be as provided by law Subsequent to the creation of an area school district the number and manner of election or appointment of members of the area board of education and method for filling vacancies occurring on said boards and their terms of office and residence requirements and the manner of election or appointment of the area school superintendent and lus tenure and residence requirements may be changed by Hca or spfl1al law conditioned upon approval by a majority of the qualified voters in each of the original political sub MnSvf the area hool district voting in a referendum thereH area hoards of education and area school superintendents shall have such powers duties and further qualifications as provided by law H Paragraph II Power of Boards to Contract With Each Other Any two or more county boards of education independent school systems or area boards of education or any combination thereof may contract with each other for the care education and transportation of pupils and for such other activities as they may be authorized by law to perform 1966lt0nal nte 86011011 IX was altered by an amendment ratified Nov 8 Section X Paragraph I Certain Systems Protected Public school sys S lSofibhSld Por to adoption of the Constitution of 1877 shall not be affected by this Constitution Section XI Paragraph I Grants Bequests and Donations Permitted The State Board of Education and the Regents of the University System of Georgia may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of their respective systems of LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 495 Paragraph II Grants Bequests and Donations to County Boards of Education wnd Independent School Systems CountyBoards of Education and independent school systems may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of their respective systems of education Section XII Paragraph I Local Taxation for Education The fiscal authority of each county shall annually levy a school tax for the support and maintenance of education not greater than twenty mills per dollar as certified to it by the county board of education upon the assessed value of all taxable property within the county located outside any independent school system or area school district therein The independent school system of Chatham County and the City of Savannah being coextensive with said county the levy of said tax shall be on all property in said county as recommended by the governing body of said system The certification to be made by an Area Board of Education to the fiscal authorities of the territories comprising an area school district shall be in such amount and within such limits as may be prescribed by local law applicable thereto and upon such certification being made it shall be the duty of such fiscal authorities to levy such tax in accordance with such certification but such levy shall not be greater than twenty mills per dollar upon the assessed value of the taxable property therein School tax funds shall be expended only for the support and maintenance of public schools public education and activities necessary or incidental thereto including school lunch purposes Paragraph II Increasing or Removing Tax RateThe twenty mill limitation provided in Paragraph I above may be removed or increased in a county and in territories comprising an area school district under the procedure set out hereinafter The county or area board of education in order to instigate the procedure must pass a resolution recommending that the limitation be removed and upon presentation of such resolution to the judge of the probate court or to the proper authorities of territories comprising an area school district as the case may be it shall be their duty within ten days of receipt of the resolution to issue the call of an election to determine whether such 496 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL limitation shall be removed The election shall be set to be held on a date not less than twenty nor more than thirty days from the date of the issuance of the call and shall have the date and purpose of the election published in the official organ of the county once a week for two weeks preceding the date of the election If a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting in such election vote in favor of such proposal there shall be no limitation in such county or in such territories comprising the area school district and the county or area board of election may recommend any number of mills for the purposes set out in Paragraph I above In lieu of recommending that the limitation be removed entirely the county or area board of education may recommend that it be increased and shall specify the amount in the resolution The election provisions for increase shall be the same as for removal and if the proposal is favorably voted upon the county or area board may recommend up to the specified amount It shall be the duty of the judge of the probate court or the proper authorities as the case may be to hold the election to canvass the returns and declare the results It shall also be their duty to certify the results to the Secretary of State The expense of the election shall be borne by the county or by the territories comprising an area school district as the case may be Editorial note Section XII was altered by an amendment ratified Nov 8 1966 Ordinary was changed to Judge of Probate Court by an amendment ratified Nov 5 1974 Section XIII Paragraph I Grcmts for Education Notwithstanding any other provision of this Constitution the General Assembly may by law provide for grants of State county or municipal funds to citizens of the State for educational purposes in discharge of all obligation of the State to provide adequate education for its citizens Paragraph II Freedom of Association Freedom from compulsory association at all levels of public education shall be preserved inviolate The General Assembly shall by taxation provide funds for an adequate education for the citizens of Georgia Editorial note Section XIII was added by amendments ratified on Nov 2 1954 and Nov 6 19621 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 497 ARTICLE IX HOMESTEADS AND EXEMPTIONS Section I Paragraph I Amount of Homestead and Exemptions There is hereby exempt from levy and sale by virtue of any process whatever under the laws of this State the property of every head of a family or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children or every aged or infirm person or person having the care and support of dependent females of any age who is not the head of a family realty or personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars and the General Assembly shall have authority to provide the manner of exempting said property the sale alienation and encumbrance thereof and to provide for the waiver of said exemption by the debtor Paragraph II Homestead and Exemption Laws Continued The laws now of force with respect to homestead and exemptions shall remain in full force until changed by law Editorial note There is no Section II Section III Paragraph I In addition to and supplementary of any powers now conferred upon and possessed by any county municipality or any combination thereof any county any municipality and any combination of any such political subdivisions may exercise the following powers and provide the following services 1 Police and fire protection 2 Garbage and solid waste collection and disposal 3 Public health facilities and services including hospitals ambulance emergency rescue services and animal control 4 Street and road construction and maintenance including curbs sidewalks street lights and devices to control the flow of traffic on streets and roads constructed by counties and municipalities or any combination thereof 498 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 5 Parks recreational areas programs and facilities 6 Storm water and sewage collection and disposal systems 7 Development storage treatment and purification and distribution of water 8 Public housing 9 Urban redevelopment programs 10 Public transportation system 11 Planning and zoning 12 Libraries 13 Terminal and dock facilities and parking facilities 14 Building housing plumbing and electrical codes 15 Air Pollution Control Provided however that no City or County may exercise any such powers or provide any such service herein listed inside the boundaries of any other local governments except by contract with the City or County affected unless otherwise provided by any local or special law and no existing local or special laws or provision of this Constitution is intended to be hereby repealed Each county and municipality and any combination thereof shall have the authority to enact ordinances and to contract with each other in pursuance of this Paragraph and for the purpose of carrying out and effectuating the powers herein conferred upon such political subdivisions and in order to provide such services Any county municipality and any combination thereof or the General Assembly may provide for the creation of special districts within which the above services or any portion thereof shall be provided and to determine and fix reasonable charges and fees for such services In addition the powers of taxation and assessment may be exercised by any county municipality or any combination thereof or within any such district for the above powers and in order to provide such services Editorial note Section III was added by an amendment ratified November 7 1972 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 499 ARTICLE X MILITIA Section I Paragraph I Organization of Militia A well regulated rrjilitia being essential to the peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law how the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained armed and equipped and of whom it shall consist Paragraph II Volunteers The General Assembly shall have power to authorize the formation of volunteer companies and to provide for their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same Paragraph III Pay of Militia and Volunteery The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State Paragraph IV Discipline of the Militia When not in Federal service the discipline of members of the Militia shall be in accordance with the applicable provisions of the Constitution and laws of the United States Acts of the General Assembly and directives of the Governor in his capacity as CommanderinChief of the Militia Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Constitution the General Assembly shall have the authority to provide for trial by courtsmartial and nonjudicial punishment of members of the Militia for the initiation of charges and subsequent procedures thereon rules of evidence venue and all other matters necessary and proper for the maintenance of a well regulated and disciplined Militia Editorial note Paragraph IV was added by an amendment ratified on November 8 19601 500 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL ARTICLE XL COUNTIES AND MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS Section I Paragraph I Counties a Corporate Body Boundaries Each county shall be a body corporate with such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by lawiAll suits by or against a county shall be in the name thereof and the metes and bounds of the several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided Paragraph II Number Limited There shall not be more than one hundred and fiftynine counties in this State Paragraph III New Counties Permitted When No new county shall be created except by the consolidation or merger of existing counties Paragraph IV The General Assembly shall have power with the concurrence of a majority of the qualified voters voting thereon in each of the counties affected to provide for the consolidation of two or more counties into one or the merger of one or more counties into another or the division of a county and the merger of portions thereof into other counties provided however upon the filing with the Judge of the Probate Court of any county of a petition signed by not less than twenty per centum 20 of the duly qualified voters of such county seeking such merger consolidation or division it shall be the duty of such Judge of the Probate Court to transmit a certified copy of such petition to each Judge of the Probate Court of all other counties affected thereby and it shall be the duty of the latter to provide for the publication of such petition omitting therefrom the names affixed to such petition in the newspaper in which the sheriffs advertisments are published once a week for a period of six consecutive weeks If within a period of two years thereafter a petition is presented to the Judge of the Probate Court or Judges of the Probate Courts of the other county or counties affected expressing favor or approval of the original petition signed by not less than twenty per centum 20 of the duly qualified voters voting therein it shall thereupon be the duty of the Judges of the Probate Courts LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 501 of all such counties affected by such petitions to certify the fact of such petitions to the Governor whose duty it shall then be to call immediately an election on the same day in each such county to be held not later than sixty 60 days and not sooner than thirty 30 days after the filing of the last petition publishing notice thereof once a week for two weeks in the newspaper in each county in which sheriffs advertisements are published Provided however that only one such election shall be called by the Governor within any twelvemonth period The Judges of the Probate Courts of each county shall conduct the election canvass the returns and certify the results thereof to the Governor who shall issue his proclamation thereon and such results shall become effective at such time as may be prescribed by law but not later than two 2 years following the date of such election as hereinafter referred to Provided however any election held pursuant to the call of the Governor hereunder shall be null and void unless 51 of the registered voters of the portion or portions of the counties affected shall have voted in said election The members of the General Assembly from all such counties shall serve out the remainder of their terms for which elected and at the Session of the General Assembly next following such election the county site shall be changed by law without regard to the provisions of Paragraph IX hereof and the General Assembly shall likewise provide by law for the effective date of such merger consolidation or division as the case may be subject to the above limitation of two years and shall provide for the election of county officials where required The General Assembly shall have power to further implement this paragraph by law Editorial note An amendment ratified on Nov 3 1964 repealed Paragraph IV and V and substituted in lieu thereof Paragraph IV as quoted above Ordinary was changed to Judge of Probate Court by an amendment ratified Nov 5 1974 Paragraph VI County Government Uniform Exceptions Whatever tribunal or officers may be created by the General Assembly for the transaction of county matters shall be uniform throughout the State and of the same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for Commissioners of Roads and Revenues in any county may abolish the office of County Treasurer in any county may fix the compensation of County Treasurers and may consolidate the offices of Tax Receiver and Tax Collector in the office of Tax 502 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Commissioner and may fix his compensation without respect to uniformity Paragraph VII Consolidation of Governments Submission to Voters The General Assembly may provide by general law optional systems of consolidated county and municipal government providing for the organization and the powers and duties of its officers Such optional systems shall become effective when submitted to the qualified voters of such county and approved by a majority of those voting Paragraph VIII County Lines County lines shall not be changed unless under the operation of a general law for that purpose Paragraph IX County Sites Changed Method No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and by a majority vote of the General Assembly Section II Paragraph I County Officers Election Term Removal Eligibility The county officers shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties or districts and shall hold their office for four years They shall be removed upon conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be eligible for any of the offices referred to in this paragraph unless he shall have been a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter Paragraph II Compensation of County Officers County officers may be on a fee basis salary basis or fee basis supplemented by salary in such manner as may be directed by law Editorial note See also Article IX Section III Editorial note There is no Article XI Section III Section IV DouglasvilleDouglas County Stadium Authority Paragraph I DouglasvilleDouglas County Stadium AuthorityThere is hereby created a body corporate and politic to Editorial note The amendment creating the DouglasvilleDouglas County Stadium Authority was added as a general amendment ratified November 5 1974 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 503 be known as the DouglasvilleDouglas County Stadium Authority and which shall be deemed to be a political subdivision of the State of Georgia and a public corporation and by that name style and title said body may contract and be contracted with sue and be sued implead and be impleaded complain and defend in all courts of law and equity The Authority shall consist of seven members One of the initial members shall be appointed by the Douglas County Board of Education and may or may not be a member of the board and shall serve for an initial term of office of three years One of the initial members shall be appointed by the governing authority of Douglas County and shall serve for an initial term of office of two years and two of the initial members shall be appointed by the governing authority of Douglas County and shall serve for initial terms of office of three years each One of the initial members shall be appointed by the governing authority of the City of Dougasville and shall serve for an initial term of office of one year and one of the initial members shall be appointed by the governing authority of the City of Douglasville and shall serve for an initial term of office of two years The six members so appointed shall appoint the seventh member who shall serve for an initial term of office of three years All members shall serve for their respective terms of office and until their respective successors are duly appointed and qualified Following the terms of office of the initial members successors shall be appointed by the members of the Authority immediately prior to the expiration of the terms of office of members All members shall take office on the first day of January with the initial members taking office on January 1975 Following the terms of office of the initial members the term of office of all members shall be for three years Members of the Authority may succeed themselves In the event of the death resignation removal disability or vacancy from any other cause the members of the Authority shall appoint a successor for the remainder of the unexpired term of office 504 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL The members of the Authority shall elect one of their number as chairman another as vicechairman and may also elect a secretarytreasurer who need not necessarily be a member of the Authority The chairman and vicechairman and secretarytreasurer shall serve for a period of one 1 year and until their successors are appointed and qualified Four 4 members of the Authority shall constitute a quorum No vacancy on the Authority shall impair the right of the quorum to exercise all their rights and to perform all of the duties of the Authority The chairman of the Authority shall not be entitled to vote upon any issue motion or resolution except in the case of a tie vote of the other members voting on said motion resolution or question The members of the Authority shall serve without compensation provided that all members shall be reimbursed for their actual expenses necessarily incurred in the performance of their duties The Authority shall make rules and regulations for its own government It shall have perpetual existence Members of the Authority shall give bond in the amount of 10000 each payable to the Authority and conditioned upon the faithful discharge of their duties The costs of such bonds shall be paid from the funds of the Authority Members may be removed for cause by proper action brought in the Superior Court of Douglas County Paragraph II DefinitionsAs used in this Section the following words or terms shall have the following meanings a The word Authority shall mean the DouglasvilleDouglas County Stadium Authority created by this Section b The word Project shall be deemed to mean a stadium facility to be used for athletic contests games meetings trade fairs expositions agricultural events cultural events conventions and other public entertainments together with parking facilities or parking areas in connection therewith related buildings and the usual and convenient facilities appertaining LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 505 to such undertakings and extensions and improvements of such facilities c The term Cost of the Project shall embrace the cost of construction the cost of all lands properties rights easements and franchises acquired the cost of all machinery and equipment financing charges interest prior to and during construction and for one 1 year after completion of construction cost of engineering architectural and legal expenses and of plans and specifications and other expenses necessary or incident to the financing herein authorized or the construction of any project the placing of the same in operation and the condemnation of property necessary for such construction and operation Any obligation or expense incurred for any of the foregoing purposes shall be regarded part of the cost of the project and may be paid or reimbursed as such out of the proceeds of revenue bonds issued under the provisions of this Section for such project d The term Revenue Bonds Bonds and Obligations as used in this Section shall mean revenue bonds as defined and provided for in the Revenue Bond Laws of Georgia Ga Laws 1957 p 36 amending the law formerly known as the Revenue Certificate Law of 1937 Ga Laws 1937 p 761 as amended and such type of obligations may be issued by the Authority as authorized under said Revenue Bond Law and in addition shall also mean obligations of the Authority the issuance of which are hereinafter specifically provided for in this Section e Any project shall be deemed selfliquidating if in the judgment of the Authority the revenues and earnings to be derived by the Authority therefrom and all properties used leased and sold in connection therewith will be sufficient to pay the principal and interest of the revenue bonds which may be issued to finance in whole or in part the cost of such project or projects Paragraph III PowersThe Authority shall have powers a to have a seal and alter the same at its pleasure b to accept gifts grants and donations 506 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL c to acquire by purchase lease or otherwise and to hold lease and dispose of real and personal property of every kind and character for its corporate purposes d to acquire in its own name by purchase on such terms and conditions and in such manner as it may deem proper or by condemnation in accordance with the provisions of any and all existing laws applicable to the condemnation of property for public use real property or rights of easements therein or franchises necessary or convenient for its corporate purposes and to use the name so long as its corporate existence shall continue and to lease or make contracts with respect to the use of or dispose of the same in any manner it deems to the best advantage of the Authority the Authority being under no obligation to accept and pay for any property condemned under this Section except from the funds provided under the authority of this Section and in any proceedings to condemn such orders may be made by the court having jurisdiction of the suit action or proceedings as may be just to the Authority and to the owners of the property to be condemned and no property shall be acquired under the provisions of this Section upon which any lien or encumbrance exists unless at the time such property is so acquired a sufficient sum of money be deposited in trust to pay and redeem the fair value of such lien or encumbrance and if the Authority shall deem it expedient to construct any project on any other lands the title to which shall then be in the State of Georgia the Governor is hereby authorized to convey for and in behalf of the State title to such lands to the Authority upon payment to the general fund of the State the reasonable value of such lands such value to be determined by three appraisers to be agreed upon by the Governor and the chairman of the Authority e to appoint select and employ officers agents and employees including engineering architectural and construction experts fiscal agents and attorneys and fix their respective compensations f to make contracts leases and to execute all instruments necessary or convenient including contracts for construction of projects and leases or projects or contracts with respect to the use of projects which it causes to be erected or acquired and LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 507 any and all persons firms and corporations and any and all political subdivisions departments institutions or agencies of the State are hereby authorized to enter into contracts leases or agreements with the Authority upon such terms and for such purposes as they deem advisable and without limiting the generality of the above authority is specifically granted to municipal corporations and counties and to the Authority to enter into contracts lease agreements or other undertakings relative to the furnishing of services and facilities by the Authority to such municipal corporations and counties for a term not exceeding fifty 50 years g to construct erect acquire own repair remodel maintain add to extend improve equip operate and manage projects as hereinabove defined the cost of any such project to be paid in whole or in part from the proceeds of revenue bonds of the Authority or from such proceeds and any grant from the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof h to accept loans and grants of money materials or property of any kind from the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof upon such terms and conditions as the United States of America or such agency or instrumentality may require i to borrow money for any of its corporate purposes and to issue negotiable revenue bonds payable solely from funds pledged for that purpose and to provide for the payment of the same and for the rights of the holders thereof j to establish charges rates and regulations for users of the facilities and services of the Authority k to do all things necessary or convenient to carry out the powers expressly given in this Section Paragraph IV Revenue Bonds The Authority or any authority or body which has or which may in the future succeed to the powers duties and liabilities vested in the Authority created hereby shall have power and is hereby authorized to provide by resolution for the issuance of negotiable revenue bonds of the Authority for the purpose 508 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL of paying all or any part of the cost as herein defined of any one or more projects The principal and interest of such revenue bonds shall be payable solely from the special fund herein provided for such payment The bonds of each issue shall be dated shall bear interest at such rate or rates per annum payable at such time or times not exceeding 40 years from their date or dates or at such times exceeding 40 years as may hereafter be authorized by the bonding laws of the State of Georgia shall be payable in such medium of payment as to both principal and interest as may be determined by the Authority and may be made redeemable before maturity at the option of the Authority at such price or prices and under such terms and conditions as may be fixed by the Authority in the resolution providing for the issuance of bonds Paragraph V Same form denominations registration place of paymentThe Authority shall determine the form of the bonds including any interest coupons to be attached thereto and shall fix the denomination or denominations of the bonds and the place or places of payment of principal and interest thereof which may be at any bank or trust company within or without the State The bonds may be be issued in coupon or registered form or both as the Authority may determine Provisions may be made for the registration of any coupon bond as to principal alone and also as to both the principal and interest Paragraph VI Same signatures sealIn case any officer whose signature shall appear on any bonds or whose facsimile signature shall appear on any coupon shall cease to be such officer before the delivery of such bonds such signature shall nevertheless be valid and sufficient for all purposes the same as if he had remained in office until such delivery All such bonds shall be signed by the chairman of the Authority and the official seal of the Authority shall be affixed thereto and attested by the secretary of the Authority and any coupons attached thereto shall bear the facsimile signature of the chairman of the Authority Any coupon may bear the facsimile signature of such persons and any bond may be signed sealed and attested on behalf of the Authority by such persons as at the actual time of the execution of such bonds shall be duly LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 509 authorized or hold the proper office although at the date of such bonds such persons may not have been so authorized or shall not have held such office Paragraph VII Same negotiability exemption from taxationAll revenue bonds issued under the provisions of this Section shall have and are hereby declared to have all the qualities and incidents of negotiable instruments under the laws of this State Such bonds are declared to be issued for an essential public and governmental purpose and the said bonds and the income thereof shall be exempt from all taxation within the State Paragraph VIII Same sale priceThe Authority may sell such bonds in such manner and for such price as it may determine to be for the best interests of the Authority Paragraph IX Same proceeds of bondsThe proceeds of such bonds shall be used solely for the payment of the cost of the project or projects and unless otherwise provided in the resolution authorizing the issuance of the bonds or in the trust indenture additional bonds may in like manner be issued to provide the amount of any deficit which unless otherwise provided in the resolution authorizing the issuance of the bonds or in the trust indenture shall be deemed to be of the same and shall be entitled to payment from the same fund without preference or priority of the bonds first issued for the same purpose If the proceeds of the bonds of any issue shall exceed the amount required for the purpose for which such bonds are issued the surplus shall be paid into the funds hereinafter provided for the payment of principal and interest of such bonds Paragraph X Same interim receipts and certificates or temporary bondsPrior to the preparation of definitive bonds the Authority may under like restrictions issue interim receipts interim certificates or temporary bonds with or without coupons exchangeable for definitive bonds upon the issuance of the latter Paragraph XI Same replacement of lost or mutilated bonds The Authority may also provide for the replacement of any bonds which shall become mutilated or be destroyed or lost 510 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Paragraph XII Conditions precedent to issuance object of issuanceSuch revenue bonds may be issued without any other proceedings or the happening of any conditions or things other than those proceedings conditions and things which are specified or required by this Section In the discretion of the Authority revenue bonds of a single issue may be issued for the purpose of any particular project Any resolution providing for the issuance of revenue bonds under the provisions of this Section shall become effective immediately upon its passage and need not be published or posted and any such resolution may be passed at any regular or special or adjourned meeting of the Authority by a majority of its members Paragraph XIII Credit not pledgedRevenue bonds issued under the provisions of this Section shall not be deemed to constitute a debt of the State of Georgia Douglas County or the City of Douglasville or a pledge of the faith and credit of said State County or City but such bonds shall be payable solely from the funds hereinafter provided for and the issuance of such revenue bonds shall not directly indirectly or contingently obligate the said State County or City to levy or to pledge any form of taxation whatever therefor or to make any appropriation for the payment and all such bonds shall contain recitals on their face covering substantially the foregoing provisions of this Paragraph Paragraph XIV Same trust indenture as securityIn the discretion of the Authority any issuance of such revenue bonds may be secured by a trust indenture by and between the Authority and a corporate trustee which may be any trust company or bank having the powers of a trust company within or outside of the State Such trust indenture may pledge or assign fees tolls revenues and earnings to be received by the Authority Either the resolution providing for the issuance of revenue bonds or such trust indenture may contain such provisions for protecting and enforcing the rights and remedies of the bondholders as may be reasonable and proper and not in violation of law including covenants setting forth the duties of the Authority in relation to the acquisition of property the construction of the project the maintenance operation repair and insurance of the project and the custody safeguarding and application of all monies and may also provide that any proj LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 511 ect shall be constructed and paid for under the supervision and approval of consulting engineers or architects employed or designated by the Authority and satisfactory to the original purchasers of the bonds issued therefor and may also require that the security given by contractors and by any depositary of the proceeds of the bonds or revenues or other monies be satisfactory to such purchasers and may also contain provisions concerning the conditions if any upon which additional revenue bonds may be issued It shall also contain provisions concerning the conditions if any upon which additional revenue bonds may be issued It shall be lawful for any bank or trust company incorporated under the laws of this State to act as such depositary and to furnish such indemnifying bonds or pledge such securities as may be required by the Authority Such indenture may set forth the rights and remedies of the bondholders as is customary in trust indentures securing bonds and debentures of corporations In addition to the foregoing such trust indenture may contain such other provisions as the Authority may deem reasonable and proper for the security of the bondholders All expenses incurred in carrying out such trust indenture may be treated as a part of the cost of maintenance operation and repair of the project affected by such indenture Paragraph XV Same to whom proceeds of bonds shall be paidThe Authority shall in the resolution providing for the issuance of revenue bonds or in the trust indenture provide for the payment of the proceeds of the sale of the bonds to any officer or person who or any agency bank or trust company which shall act as trustee of such funds and shall hold and apply the same to the purposes hereof subject to such regulations as this Section and such resolution or trust indenture may provide Paragraph XVI Same sinking fundsThe revenues fees tolls and earnings derived from any particular project or projects regardless of whether or not such fees earnings and revenues were produced by a particular project for which bonds have been issued unless otherwise pledged and allocated may be pledged and allocated by the Authority to the payment of the principal and interest on revenue bonds of the Authority as the resolution authorizing the issuance of the bonds or in 512 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL the trust instrument may provide and such funds so pledged for whatever source received which said pledge may include funds received from one of more or all sources shall be set aside at regular intervals as may be provided in the resolution or trust indenture into a sinking fund which said sinking fund shall be pledged to and charged with the payment of 1 the interest upon such revenue bonds as such interest shall fall due 2 the principal of the bonds as the same shall fall due 3 the necessary charges of paying agents for paying principal and interest and 4 any premium upon bonds retired by call or purchase as hereinabove provided The use and disposition of such sinking funds shall be subject to such regulations as may be provided in the resolution authorizing the issuance of the revenue bonds or in the trust indenture but except as may otherwise be provided in such resolution or trust indenture such sinking fund shall be a fund for the benefit of all revenue bonds without distinction or priority of one over another Subject to the provisions of the resolution authorizing the issuance of the bonds or in the trust indenture surplus monies in the sinking fund may be applied to the purchase or redemption of bonds and any such bonds so purchased or redeemed shall forthwith be cancelled and shall not again be issued Paragraph XVII Same remedies of bondholders Any holder of revenue bonds issued under the provisions of this Section or any of the coupons appertaining thereto and the trustee under the trust indenture if any except to the extent the rights herein given may be restricted by resolution passed before the issuance of the bonds or by the trust indenture may either at law or in equity by suit action mandamus or other proceedings protect and enforce any and all rights under the laws of the State of Georgia or granted hereunder or under such resolution or trust indenture and may enforce and compel performance of all duties required by this Section or by such resolution or trust indenture to be performed by the Authority or any officer thereof including the fixing charging and collecting of revenues fees tolls and other charges for the use of the facilities and services furnished Paragraph XVIII Same refunding bondsThe Authority is hereby authorized to provide by resolution for the issuance of bonds of the Authority for the purpose of funding or LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 513 refunding any revenue bonds issued under the provisions of this Section and then outstanding together with accrued interest thereon The issuance of such funding or refunding bonds the maturities and all other details thereof the rights of the holders thereof and the duties of the Authority in respect to the same shall be governed by the foregoing provision of this Section insofar as the same may be applicable Paragraph XIX Same exemption from taxation covenant of StateIt is hereby found determined and declared that the creation of the Authority and the carrying out of its corporate purpose is in all respects for the benefit of the people of this State and that the Authority is an institution of purely public charity and will be performing an essential governmental function in the exercise of the power conferred upon it by this Section and this State covenants with the holders of the bonds that the Authority shall not be required to pay any taxes or assessments upon any of the property acquired or leased by it or under its jurisdiction control possession or supervisions or upon its activities in the operation or maintenance of the projects erected by it or any fees tolls or other charges for the use of such projects or other income received by the Authority and that the bonds of the Authority their transfer and the income therefrom shall at all times be exempt from taxation within the State The exemption from taxation herein provided shall not extend to tenants or lessees of the Authority and shall not include exemptions from sales and use taxes on property purchased by the Authority or for use by the Authority Paragraph XX Same venue and jurisdictionAny action to protect or enforce any rights under the provisions of this Section or any suit or action against such Authority shall be brought in the Superior Court of Douglas County Georgia and any action pertaining to validation of any bonds issued under the provisions of this Act shall likewise be brought in said court which shall have exclusive original jurisdiction of such actions Paragraph XXI Same validationBonds of the Authority shall be confirmed and validated in accordance with the procedure of the Revenue Bond Law as amended The petition for validation shall also make party defendant to such action any municipality county authority subdivision or instrumentality 514 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL of the State of Georgia which has contracted with the Authority for services and facilities of the project for which bonds are to be issued and sought to be validated and such municipality county authority subdivision or instrumentality shall be required to show cause if any why such contract or contracts and the terms and conditions thereof should not be inquired into by the Court and the validity of the terms thereof be determined and the contract of contracts adjudicated as security for the payment of any such bonds of the Authority The bonds when validated and the judgment of validation shall be final and conclusive with respect to such bonds against the Authority issuing the same and any municipality county authority subdivision or instrumentality contracting with the said DouglasvilleDouglas County Stadium Authority Paragraph XXII Same interest of Bondholders protected While any of the bonds issued by the Authority remain outstanding the powers duties or existence of said Authority or of its officers employees or agents shall not be diminished or impaired in any manner that will affect adversely the interests and rights of the holders of such bonds and no other entity department agency or authority will be created which will compete with the Authority to such an extent as to affect adversely the rights and interests of the holders of such bonds nor will the State itself so compete with the Authority The provisions of this Section shall be for the benefit of the Authority and the holders of any such bonds and upon the issuance of bonds under the provisions hereof shall constitute a contract with the holders of such bonds Paragraph XXIII Purpose of the AuthorityWithout limiting the generality of any provisions of this Section the general purpose of the Authority is declared to be that of acquiring constructing equipping maintaining and operating a stadium facility for athletic contests games meetings trade fairs expositions agricultural events cultural events conventions and other entertainments and parking facilities and parking areas in connection therewith for acquiring constructing equipping maintaining and operating recreational centers and areas including but not limited to gymnasium and athletic facilities parking facilities or areas in connection therewith and related buildings and the usual and convenient facilities appertaining LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 515 to such undertakings the extension and improvement of such facilities acquiring the necessary property therefor both real and personal with the right to contract for the use of or to lease or sell any or all of such facilities including real property and to do any and all things deemed by the Authority necessary convenient and desirable for and incident to the efficient and proper development and operation of such types of undertakings Paragraph XXIV Rates charges and revenues useThe Authority is hereby authorized to prescribe and fix and collect rates fees tolls and charges and to revise from time to time and collect such rates fees tolls and charges for the services facilities or commodities furnished including leases concessions or subleases of its lands or facilities or contracts for the use of its land and facilities and to determine the price and terms at and under which its lands or facilities may be sold and in anticipation of the collection of the revenues and income of such undertakings or projects is authorized to issue revenue bonds as herein provided to finance in whole or in part the cost of the acquisition construction reconstruction improvement equipment betterment or extension of its lands and facilities and to pledge to the punctual payment of said bonds and interest thereon all or any part of the revenues and income of such undertakings or projects including the revenues of improvements betterments or extensions thereto thereafter made or the sale of any of its lands and facilities Paragraph XXV Rules and regulations for operation of projectsIt shall be the duty of the Authority to prescribe rules and regulations for the operation of the project or projects constructed under the provisions of this Section Paragraph XXVI Tort immunityThe Authority shall have the same immunity and exemption from liability for torts and negligence as Douglas County and the City of Douglasville and the officers agents and employees of the Authority when in the performance of the work of the Authority shall have the same immunity and exemption from liability for torts and negligence as the officers agents and employees of Douglas County and the City of Douglasville when in the performance of their public duties or work 516 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL Paragraph XXVII Powers declared supplemental and additionalThe foregoing paragraphs of this Section shall be deemed to provide an additional and alternative method for the doing of the things authorized thereby and shall be regarded as supplemental and additional to powers conferred by other laws and shall not be regarded as in derogation of any powers not existing Paragraph XXVIII Liberal construction of SectionThis Section being for the welfare of various political subdivisions of the State and its inhabitants shall be liberally construed to effect the purposes thereof ARTICLE XII THE LAWS OF GENERAL OPERATION IN FORCE IN THIS STATE Section I Paragraph I Supreme Law The laws of general operation in this State are first As the Supreme law The Constitution of the United States the laws of the United States in pursuance thereof and all treaties made under the authority of the United States Paragraph II Second in Authority Second As next in authority thereto This Constitution Paragraph III Third in Authority Third In subordination to the foregoing All laws now of force in this State not inconsistent with this Constitution shall remain of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly Paragraph IV Local and Private Acts Local and private acts passed for the benefit of counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the Supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of Statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms Paragraph V Proceedings of Courts Confirmed All judgments decrees orders and other proceedings of the several courts of this State heretofore made within the limits of their LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 517 several jurisdictions are hereby ratified and affirmed subject only to reversal by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other proceedings in conformity with the law of force when they were made Paragraph VI Existing Officers The officers of the Government now existing shall continue in the exercise of their several functions until their successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified But nothing herein is to apply to any officer whose office may be abolished by this Constitution ARTICLE XIII AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION Section I Paragraph I Proposals to amend the Constitution new Constitution submission to people A new Constitution or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed by the General Assembly or by a constitutional convention The proposal by the General Assembly to provide for a new Constitution or to amend this Constitution shall originate as a resolution in either the Senate or the House of Representatives and if approved by twothirds of the members elected to each branch of the General Assembly in a roll call vote such proposal shall be entered on the Journals of each branch with the Ayes and Nays taken thereon Any proposal to amend this Constitution or any proposal for a new Constitution may be amended or repealed by the same General Assembly which adopted such proposal by the affirmative vote of twothirds of the members elected to each branch of the General Assembly in a roll call vote entered on their respective Journals if such action is taken at least two months prior to the date of the election at which such proposal is to be submitted The Governor the Attorney General and the Secretary of State shall meet and determine whether a proposed amendment is general and if not general shall determine what political subdivision or subdivisions are directly affected by such proposed amendment If a proposed amendment is general it shall be published as provided by law in full once each week for three consecutive weeks immediately preceding the date of the 518 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL election at which such proposed amendment is to be submitted in one newspaper of general circulation in each Congressional District of the State If such proposed amendment is not general it shall be published as provided by law in full once each week for three consecutive weeks immediately preceding the date of the election at which such proposed amendment is to be submitted in one newspaper of general circulation in each county in which the directly affected political subdivision or subdivisions are located In the event no such newspaper is located in such county a newspaper in an adjoining county shall be used A proposal for a new Constitution shall be published in the same manner as proposed general amendments Any proposed amendment which is general or a proposal for a new Constitution shall be submitted to the people of the entire State at the next general election which is held in the evennumbered years and if ratified by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment shall become a part of this Constitution or shall become the new Constitution as the case may be A proposed amendment which is not general shall be submitted at the next general election which is held in the evennumbered years but shall only be submitted to the people of the political subdivision or subdivisions directly affected The votes of the electors in each political subdivision affected shall be counted separately in determining whether such proposed amendment is ratified and it must be ratified by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon in each such political subdivision before it shall become a part of this Constitution The General Assembly in the resolution shall state the language to be used in submitting the proposed amendment or proposal for a new Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately but this shall not apply to a proposal for a new Constitution Editorial note Paragraph I was altered by amendments of 1956 and 1968 Paragraph II Convention How Called No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of two LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 519 thirds of all members of each house of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable This Constitution shall not be revised amended or changed by the Convention until the proposed revision amendment or change has been submitted and ratified by the people in the manner provided for submission and ratification of amendments proposed by the General Assembly Paragraph III Veto Not Permitted The Governor shall not have the right to veto any proposal by the General Assembly to provide a new Constitution or to amend this Constitution Paragraph IV Effective date of amendments Unless the amendment itself shall provide otherwise an amendment to this Constitution shall become effective on the first day of January following its ratification Editorial note Paragraph IV was added in 1970 ARTICLE XIV MERIT SYSTEM Section I Paragraph I State Personnel Board A nonsalaried State Personnel Board comprised of three citizens of this State of known interest in the improvement of public administration shall administer a State Merit System under which state personnel shall be selected on a basis of merit fitness and efficiency according to law The members of the State Personnel Board shall be appointed by the Governor with the advice of the Senate The first members shall be appointed for terms of three five and seven years respectively the terms to be designated by the Governor All subsequent appointments shall be for a period of seven years except unexpired terms No State official or employee shall be a member of the State Personnel Board Paragraph II Retirement System Appropriation The General Assembly is authorized to establish an actuarially sound retirement system for employees under a merit system Adequate appropriations shall be provided for the operation of a merit system and the State Personnel Board 520 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL ARTICLE XV HOME RULE Section I Paragraph I The General Assembly is authorized to provide by law for the selfgovernment of municipalities and to that end is hereby expressly given the authority to delegate its powers so that matters pertaining to municipalities upon which prior to the ratification of this amendment it was necessary for the General Assembly to act may be dealt with without the necessity of action by the General Assembly Any powers granted as provided herein shall be exercised subject only to statutes of general application pertaining to municipalities Editorial note By an amendment ratified on November 2 1954 the original home rule provision of the Constitution was stricken in its entirety and replaced by the above provision Section II Paragraph I Home Rule for Counties a The governing authority of each county shall have legislative power to adopt clearly reasonable ordinances resolutions or regulations relating to its property affairs and local government for which no provision has been made by general law and which is not inconsistent with this Constitution or any local law applicable thereto Any such local law shall remain in force and effect until amended or repealed as provided in Subparagraph b This however shall not restrict the authority of the General Assembly by general law to further define this power or to broaden limit or otherwise regulate the exercise thereof The General Assembly shall not pass any local law to repeal modify or supersede any action taken by a county governing authority under this Section except as authorized under Subparagraph c hereof b Except as provided in Subparagraph c a county may as an incident of its home rule power amend or repeal the local acts applicable to its governing authority by following either of the procedures hereinafter set forth LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 521 1 Such local acts may be amended or repealed by a resolution or ordinance duly adopted at two regular consecutive meetings of the county governing authority not less than seven nor more than sixty days apart A notice containing a synopsis of the proposed amendment of repeal shall be published in the official county organ once a week for three weeks within a period of sixty days immediately preceding its final adoption Such notice shall state that a copy of the proposed amendment or repeal is on file in the office of the clerk of the superior court of the county for the purpose of examination and inspection by the public The Clerk of the Superior Court shall furnish anyone upon written request a copy of the proposed amendment or repeal No amendment or repeal hereunder shall be valid to change or repeal an amendment adopted pursuant to a referendum as provided in 2 of this Subparagraph or to change or repeal a local act of the General Assembly ratified in a referendum by the electors of such county unless at least twelve months have elapsed after such referendum No amendment hereunder shall be valid if inconsistent with any provision of this Constitution or if provision has been made therefore by general law 2 Amendments to or repeals of such local acts or ordinances resolutions or regulations adopted pursuant to Subparagraph a hereof may be initiated by a petition filed with the Judge of the Probate Court of the county containing in cases of counties with a population of five thousand or less the signatures of at least twentyfive per centum of the electors registered to vote in the last general election in cases of counties with a population of more than five thousand but not more than fifty thousand at least twenty per centum of the electors registered to vote in the last general election and in cases of a county with a population of more than fifty thousand at least ten per centum of the electors registered to vote in the last general election which petition shall specifically set forth the exact language of the proposed amendment or repeal The Judge of the Probate Court shall determine the validity of such petition within 60 days of its being filed with the Judge of the Probate Court In the event the Judge of the Probate Court determines that such petition is valid it shall be his duty to issue the call for an election for the purpose of submitting such amendment or repeal to the registered electors of the county for their approval or rejection Such call shall be issued not 522 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL less than ten nor more than sixty days after the date of the filing of the petition He shall set the date of such election for a day not less than sixty nor more than ninety days after the date of such filing The Judge of the Probate Court shall cause a notice of the date of said election to be published in the official organ of the county once a week for three weeks immediately preceding such date Said notice shall also contain a synopsis of the proposed amendment or repeal and shall state that a copy thereof is on file in the office of the Judge of the Probate Court of the county for the purpose of examination and inspection by the public The Judge of the Probate Court shall furnish anyone upon written request a copy of the proposed amendment or repeal If more than onehalf of the votes cast on such question are for approval of the amendment or repeal it shall become of full force and effect otherwise it shall be void and of no force and effect The expense of such election shall be borne by the county and it shall be the duty of the Judge of the Probate Court to hold and conduct such election Such election shall be held under the same laws and rules and regulations as govern special elections except as otherwise provided herein It shall be the duty of the Judge of the Probate Court to canvass the returns and declare and certify the result of the election It shall be his further duty to certify the result thereof to the Secretary of State in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph 4 of this Section A referendum on any such amendment or repeal shall not be held more often than once each year No amendment hereunder shall be valid if inconsistent with any provision of this Constitution or if provision has been made therefor by general law In the event that the Judge of the Probate Court determines that such petition was not valid he shall cause to be published in explicit detail the reasons why such petition is not valid Provided however that in any proceeding in which the validity of the petition is at issue the tribunal considering such issue shall not be limited by the reasons assigned Such publication shall be in the official organ of the county in the week immediately following the date on which such petition is declared to be not valid c The power granted to counties in Subparagraphs a and b above shall not be construed to extend to the following mat LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 523 ters or any other matters which the General Assembly by general law has preempted or may hereafter preempt but such matters shall be the subject of general law or the subject of local acts of the General Assembly to the extent that the enactment of such local acts is otherwise permitted under this Constitution 1 Action affecting any elective county office the salaries thereof or the personnel thereof except the personnel subject to the jurisdiction of the county governing authority 2 Action affecting the composition form procedure for election or appointment compensation and expenses and allowances in the nature of compensation of the county governing authority 3 Action defining any criminal offense or providing for criminal punishment 4 Action adopting any form of taxation beyond that authorized by law or by this Constitution 5 Action expending the power of regulation over any business activity regulated by the Public Service Commission beyond that authorized by local or general law or by this Constitution 6 Action affecting the exercise of the power of eminent domain 7 Action affecting any court or the personnel thereof 8 Action affecting any public school system d The power granted in Subparagraphs a and b of this Paragraph shall not include the power to take any action affecting the private or civil law governing private or civil relationships except as is incident to the exercise of an independent governmental power e Nothing in this Paragraph shall affect the provisions of Paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Section Paragraph II Salary of County Employees How Fixed The governing authority of each county is authorized to fix the 524 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL salary compensation and expenses of those employed by such governing authority and to establish and maintain retirement or pension systems insurance workmens compensation and hospitalization benefits for said employees Paragraph III County Planning and Zoning The governing authority of each county is empowered to enact for unincorporated areas of the county appropriate planning and zoning ordinances for public safety historic health business residential and recreational purposes Such governing authority is hereby authorized to establish planning and zoning commissions separately or in conjunction with any combination of other counties and municipalities of this state and adjoining states The General Assembly is hereby authorized to provide by law for such joint planning and zoning commissions and provide the powers and duties thereof Such governing authority is hereby authorized to participate in the costs of such planning commission Paragraph IV Filing and Publication of Laws No amendment or revision of any local act made pursuant to Paragraph 1 of this Section shall become effective until a copy of such amendment or revision a copy of the required notice of publication and an affidavit of a duly authorized representative of the newspaper in which such notice was published to the effect that said notice has been published as provided in said Paragraphs has been filed with the Secretary of State The Secretary of State shall provide for the publication and distribution of all such amendments and revisions at least annually Paragraph V The powers granted by this amendment shall be cumulative of all powers heretofore granted to counties by the Constitution of Georgia of 1945 and amendments thereto and this amendment shall not operate to repeal any existing local constitutional amendments Editorial note All of Section II was added by an amendment ratified Nov 8 19661 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 525 ARTICLE XVI SLUM CLEARANCE AND REDEVELOPMENT The General Assembly may provide by law that any city or town or any housing authority now or hereafter established or any county may undertake and carry out slum clearance and redevelopment work including the acquisition and clearance of areas which are predominantly slum or blighted areas the preparation of such areas for reuse and the sale or other disposition of such areas to provide enterprise for private uses or to public bodies for public uses Any such work shall constitute a governmental function undertaken for public purposes and the powers of taxation and eminent domain may be exercised and public funds expended in furtherance thereof Editorial note This article was added by an amendment ratified on November 2 1954 The General Assembly may establish procedures whereby any municipal corporation having a population of more than 400000 according to the last or any future United States Decennial Census may carry out and enforce the removal or demolition or closing of buildings or structures and clearing of premises not of necessity a part of any slum or blighted area at public expense after an administrative determination that a building or structure is unfit for human habitation or is unfit for commercial industrial or business occupancy or use and is economically unrepairable under standards for such determination as prescribed by the General Assembly and which may provide for commencement of an administrative proceeding in rem provided the owner and person having an interest in the real property involved are given notice and an opportunity to appear and be heard on the question of unfitness or unrepairability of the building or structure at issue All expenses of such removal or demolition or closing and clearing of premises and all costs of any such proceeding may be included in the amount of the lien against the property on which the building or structure is located All such proceedings and work shall constitute and are hereby declared to be a governmental func 526 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL tion undertaken for public purposes and the powers of taxation and eminent domain may be exercised and public funds expended in furtherance thereof Editorial note The last above paragraph was added by an amendment ratified November 5 1974 ARTICLE XVII PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION OF PASSENGERS FOR HIRE Section I Public Transportation of Passengers for Hire in the Metropolitan Area of Atlanta Paragraph I The acquisition establishment operation or administration of a system of Public transportation of passengers for hire within the metropolitan area of the City of Atlanta and the Counties of Fulton DeKalb Cobb Clayton and Gwinnett is an essential governmental function and a public purpose for which the powers of taxation and eminent domain may be exercised and public funds of said counties and municipality expended Paragraph II The General Assembly may create a public corporation or authority as an instrumentality of the City of Atlanta and the Counties of Fulton DeKalb Cobb Clayton and Gwinnett or any one or any combination thereof to perform the aforesaid function to have the power of eminent domain the power to borrow money and issue obligations payable from its revenues and such other powers as may be necessary or convenient for the accomplishment of the aforesaid function and purpose Paragraph III The General Assembly may provide that such public corporation or authority as an instrumentality of the participating counties and municipality its property acts activities income and obligations and the interest thereon shall be exempt from any tax obligations and from regulation by any agency or commission of the State Paragraph IV The General Assembly may authorize the City of Atlanta and the Counties of Fulton DeKalb Cobb Clayton LEGISLATIVE MANUAL 527 and Gwinnett to contract with such public corporation or authority for the performance of the aforesaid function and purpose to pay for the public transportation services and facilities contracted for including the payment of the principal and interest on any obligations issued by such public corporation or authority in order to acquire the necessary facilities and property therefor and in connection therewith to establish and maintain reasonable reserves to levy taxes to the extent necessary to fulfill the obligation incurred in such contracts and to convey to such public corporation or authority property or facilities or render services which may be useful to the establishment operation or administration of a public transportation system within the aforesaid metropolitan area provided that no county shall have the power to levy and tax on any subject of taxation situated within the territorial limits of any incorporated municipality which has a contract with said public corporation or authority and is itself levying a tax for that purpose Paragraph V The provisions of this article shall be liberally construed to effectuate its purpose and shall not be limited or restricted by any existing provision of or amendment to this Constitution or any general or special law heretofore enacted and the authority granted by this Article to the General Assembly may be exercised by general special or local laws without regard to uniformity Editorial note Article XVII was added in 1964 528 LEGISLATIVE MANUAL TABLE OF PROPOSED Number Local Year General Special 1946 1 0 1948 0 17 1950 4 33 1952 10 36 1954 7 40 1956 12 46 1958 16 56 1960 19 68 1962 16 121 1964 14 102 1966 19 93 1968 23 106 1970 15 48 1972 24 70 1974 16 63 Total 196 899 AMENDMENTS RATIFIED REJECTED Number Local Number Local General Special General Special 0 0 1 0 0 15 0 2 2 26 2 7 9 31 1 5 7 28 0 12 12 36 0 10 5 38 11 18 14 50 5 18 10 99 6 23 12 76 2 26 17 63 2 30 19 88 4 18 6 29 9 19 22 53 2 17 12 52 4 11 147 684 49 216 Total number of amendments through 1974831 NOTE For a brief analysis of these amendments in chronological order see Local Amendments to the Constitutions of 1877 and 1945 Atlanta Office of Legislative Counsel 1961 See also Constitutional Amendments Georgia State Bar Journal February 1969 pp 331345 QA jHi 5 1 Vsy 7 A