MANUAL 147 I of the GENERAL ASSEMBLY I I of The State of Georgia 1947 1948 t Compiled by BEN W FORTSON JR Secretary of State Assisted by MRS HENRY W NEVIN Secretary of the Senate and JOE BOONE Clerk of the House of Representatives f A MEMBERS OF THE SENATE OF GEORGIA ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED ACCORDING TO NAMES WITH DISTRICTS AND POST OFFICES FOR THE TERM 19471948 Senators Adams Lewis R Arnold Frank M Baker Frank L Jr Blitch Mrs Iris F Boone Alex S Jr Branch W Wr Brown Lawrence Burks L D Bush Roy W Butler E L Callaway Thomas G Jr Carswell Porter W Coker Dr Grady N Daniell R G Darby J F Sr Dean William T Dorsey Majort Ferguson John E Grayson Spence M Griffith Dr E F Gwyn C R Sr Hodges W H Jr Hogg James Persons Hooks V HU Howard T L Huckeba A J Kennon J H Kiker C Wg Killingsworth Albert S Knox Robert E Logan J B Gr Mason T S Miller Tom Millican G Everett District Post Office 23rd Butler 50thWashington 5th Homerville 21st Irwinton 47th Ash burn 19th Greensboro 12th Preston 8th Colquitt 7 th Camilla 35th Covington 17th Waynesboro 39th Canton 49th Metter 15th Vidalia 34th Conyers 32nd Cleveland 13th DeSoto 1st Savannah 28th Eatonton 36th Zebulon 27th Watkinsville 94th Buena Vista ifith Lexsy 3rd Ludowici 37th Roopville 53rd Adel 41st Blue Ridge 11th Fort Gaines 29th Thomson 33rd Homer 30th Hartwell 6th Lakeland 52nd Atlanta 4 Senators District Post Office Mitchell L T40th Odum Mrs Benton 9th Overstreet J Will18th Pannell Charles A43rd Parker Bill54th Richardson E 0 14th Sams F A26th Seay Clifford 22nd Smiley C J2nd Sumner G S Dr10th Tarbutton B J20th Tippins Leroy 48th Trippe W D jj38th Walker W H45th Weaver Alex H S51st Wells J Nolan 4th Wideman E C46th Williams T D31st Woodall John H 25th Yates Charles B 44th Clayton Newton Wadley Chatsworth Baxley Hawkinsville Fayetteville Barnesville Walthourville Sylvester Sandersville Rochelle Cedartown Milan Macon Kingsland Douglas Demorest Woodland Ringgold 5 MEMBERS OF THE SENATE OF GEORGIA BY DISTRICTS IN NUMERICAL ORDER WITH COUNTIES AND POST OFFICES First DistrictCHATHAM Bryan Effingham SPENCE GRAYSON4ft Savannah Second DistrictLIBERTY Bryan McIntosh C J SMILEYWalthourville Third DistrictLONG Brantley Wayne T L HOWARD Ludowici Fourth DistrictCAMDEN Charlton Glynn J NOLAN WELLSKingsland Fifth DistrictCLINCH Ware Atkinson MRS IRIS F BLITCHHomerville Sixth DistrictLANIER Echols Lowndes TOM MILLER Lakeland Seventh DistrictMITCHELL Thomas Grady E L BUTLER Camilla Eigth DistrictMILLER Decatur Seminole ROY W BUSHColquitt Ninth DistrictBAKER Calhoun Early MRS BENTON ODOMNewton Tenth DistrictWORTH Lee Dougherty DR GORDON S SUMNER Sylvester Eleventh DistrictCLAY Randolph Terrell ALBERT S KILLINGSWORTH Fort Gaines Twelfth DistrictWEBSTER Quitman Stewart LAURENCE D BURKS Preston Thirteenth DistrictSUMTER Macon Schley JOHN E FERGUSON DeSoto Fourteenth DistrictPULASKI Bleckley Dooley E 0 RICHARDSONHawkinsville Fifteenth DistrictTOOMBS Montgomery Wheeler J F DARBY SR Vidalia 6 Sixteenth DistrictEMANUEL Laurens Treutlen VENDIE H HOOKS 4Lexsy Seventeenth DistrictBURKE Jenkins Screven PORTER W CARSWELLlISWaynesboro Eighteenth DistrictJEFFERSON Richmond Glascock J WILL OVERSTREET1Wadley Nineteenth DistrictGREENE Warren Taliaferro LAWRENCE BROWNr Greensboro Twentieth DistrictWASHINGTON Baldwin Hancock B J TARBUTTON1nSandersville TwentyFirst DistrictWILKINSON Johnson Jones ALEX S BOONE I i Irwinton TwentySecond DistrictLAMAR Monroe Butts CLIFFORD SEAY4NBarnes ville TwentyThird DistrictTAYLOR Crawford Peach L R ADAMSRi IjSjSM Butler TwentyFourth DistrictMARION Muscogee Chattahoochee JAMES PERSONS HOGGBuena Vista TwentyFifth DistrictTALBOT Harris Upson J H WOODALLIWoodland TwentySixth DistrictFAYETTE Spalding Clayton F A SAMS t 444Fayetteville TwentySeventh DistrictOCONEE Jackson Barrow HODGES JR Watkins ville TwentyEighth DistrictPUTNAM Morgan Jasper DR E F GRIFFITH Eatonton TwentyNinth DistrictMcDUFFIE Columbia Lincoln ROBERT E KNOXi Thomson Thirtieth DistrictHART Madison Elbert T S MASON 44Hartwell ThirtyFirst DistrictHABERSHAM Franklin Stephens T D WILLIAMS4 Demorest ThirtySecond DistrictWHITE Lumpkin Dawson MAJOR DORSEY Cleveland ThirtyThird DistrictBANKS Hall Forsyth J B G LOGANw Homer ThirtyFourth DistrictROCKDALE DeKalb Gwinnett WM T DEANjConyers 1 ThirtyFifth DistrictNEWTON Walton Henry THOMAS G CALLAWAY JRCovington ThirtySixth DistrictPIKE Coweta Meriwether C R GWYN SRZebulon ThirtySeventh DistrictHEARD Carroll Troup A J HUCKEBARoopvill ThirtyEighth DistrictPOLK Paulding Haralson W D TRIPPEiCedartown ThirtyNinth DistrictCHEROKEE Douglas Cobb DR GRADY N COKER Canton Fortieth DistrictRABUN Towns Union L T MITCHELL Clayton FortyFirst DistrictFANNIN Gilmer Pickens C W KIKERBlue Ridge FortySecond DistrictFLOYD Bartow Chattooga F L BAKER JRJ Rome FortyThird DistrictMURRAY Whitfield Gordon CHAS A PANNELLChatsworth FortyFourth DistrictCATOOSA Dade Walker CHAS B YATES1Ringgold FortyFifth DistrictTELFAIR Irwin Ben Hill W H WALKER Milan FortySixth DistrictCOFFEE Pierce Bacon E C WIDEMAN Douglas FortySeventh DistrictTURNER Colquitt Tift WALTER W BRANCHAshbum FortyEighth DistrictWILCOX Crisp Dodge LEROY G TIPPINS Rochelle FortyNinth DistrictCANDLER Evans Bulloch R G DANIELL SRMetter Fiftieth DistrictWILKES Oglethorpe Clarke FRANK M ARNOLD Washington FiftyFirst DistrictBIBB Twiggs Houston A H S WEAVERlMacon FiftySecond DistrictFULTON G EVERETT MILLICAN Atlanta FjftyThird DistrictCOOK Brooks Berrien J H KENNON Adel FiftyFourth DistrictAPPLING Jeff Davis Tattnall BILL PARKER Baxley 8 STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE TERM 19471948 9 AGRICULTURE Overstreet Chairman Coker Huckeba VireChairman Dorsey Daniell Secretary Ferguson Arnold Hooks Blitch Howard Branch Odom Burk Richardson Bush Smiley Butler Tippins Carswell Walker AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION Pannell Chairman Seay ViceChairman Logan Secretary Arnold Brown Grayson Hodges Callaway Chairman Odom ViceChairman Bush Secretary Blitch Boone Branch Burks Butler Dean Gwyn Hodges Hooks Knox Miller Millican Parker Tippins Yates APPROPRIATIONS Hooks Killingsworth Kiker Mason Pannell Richardson Sumner Walker Weaver Wideman AUDITING Williams Chairman Grayson Branch ViceChairman Mitchell Wideman Secretary Odom Bush Wells Dorsey AVIATION Arnold Chairman Callaway Mason ViceChairman Coker Yates Secretary Hodges Bush Tarbutton Butler BANKS AND BANKING Trippe Chairman Overstreet Adams ViceChairman Smiley Darby Secretary Tarbutton Butler Tippins Gwyn Weaver Killingsworth Woodall Mason CONSERVATION Ferguson Chairman Kennon Mitchell ViceChairman Kiker Smiley Secretary Parker Blitch Sams Bush Tarbutton Coker Walker Dorsey Wells Hooks Wideman Howard CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE REAPPORTIONMENT Kennon Chairman Boone Hodges ViceChairman Darby Burks Secretary Gwyn Adams Parker COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS Hogg Chairman Mason Butler ViceChairman Millican Wells Secretary Pannell Carswell Richardson Daniell Sams Gwyn Smiley Hooks Trippe Huckeba Williams Kennon Wideman Killingsworth EDUCATION AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS Woodall Chairman Kiker Williams ViceChairman Knox Blitch Secretary Millican Arnold Mitchell Carswell Odom Coker Overstreet Daniell Sams Dorsey Smiley Ferguson Weaver Hodges Wells Hooks Wideman Huckeba 12 ENGROSSING AND ENROLLING Wideman Chairman Grayson Sams ViceChairman Pannell Brown Secretary Richardson Arnold Williams Dorsey FINANCE Millican Chairman Hogg Sumner ViceChairman Huckeba Odom Secretary Kennon Arnold Knox Baker Logan Branch Parker Carswell Sams Daniell Seay Dean Trippe Ferguson Williams Grayson Woodall Griffith Yates GAME AND FISH Howard Chairman Mitchell Wells ViceChairman Odom Kiker Secretary Richardson Branch Smiley Brown Tarbutton Ferguson Walker Logan Miller Wideman 13 GENERAL JUDICIARY Boone Chairman Hodges Grayson ViceChairman Howard Seay Secretary Killingsworth Burks Pannell Bush Tippins Callaway Weaver HALLS AND ROOMS Huckeba Chairman Butler Overstreet ViceChairman Howard Hogg Secretary Wells Burks Williams Bush HIGHWAYS AND PUBLIC ROADS Tarbutton Chairman Kennon Trippe ViceChairman Kiker Killingsworth Secretary Knox Adams Logan Boone Miller Branch Millican Brown Mitchell Darby Parker Griffith Seay Hodges Sumner Hogg Wells Hooks Yates Huckeba INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Daniell Chairman Grayson Mitchell ViceChairman Hogg Baker Secretary Mason Brown Miller Callaway Overstreet Carswell Trippe Coker Weaver Dean Woodall 14 INSURANCE Miller Chairman Mason Knox ViceChairman Pannell Dean Secretary Tarbutton Adams Tippins Bush Walker Darby Weaver Gwyn Hooks Wells INTERSTATE COOPERATIVE COUNCIL OF STATE GOVERNMENT Dean Chairman Callaway Arnold ViceChairman Baker Pannell Secretary JOURNALS Knox Chairman Seay Callaway ViceChairman Wideman Ferguson Secretary Williams Griffith Danieli MILITARY AFFAIRS AND VETERANS AFFAIRS Sams Chairman Callaway Boone ViceChairman Dorsey Butler Secretary Huckeba Arnold Knox Branch Parker Burks Wideman MINES AND MINING Kiker Chairman Boone Dorsey ViceChairman Coker Tarbutton Secretary Yates MOTOR VEHICLES Smiley Chairman Danieli Burks ViceChairman Dorsey Richardson Secretary Gwyn Baker Knox Brown Overstreet Butler Callaway Trippe 15 MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT Darby Chairman Kiker Killingsworth ViceChairman Mason Griffith Secretary Miller Baker Millican Branch Seay Hogg Williams Huckeba PENAL INSTITUTIONS Baker Chairman Logan Walker ViceChairman Mitchell Dorsey Secretary Pannell Arnold Richardson Burks Smiley Daniell Sumner Darby Wideman Dean Hooks PENSIONS Parker Chairman Mitchell Pannell ViceChairman Tarbuton Hooks Secretary Walker Adams Wideman Branch PUBLIC HEALTH Sumner Chairman Carswell Griffith ViceChairman Darby Coker Secretary Howard Baker Kennon Blitch Odom Brown Seay Burks Wideman PUBLIC UTILITIES Mason Chairman Logan Richardson ViceChairman Parker Miller Secretary Tarbutton Arnold Trippe Daniell Williams Killingsworth 16 PUBLIC WELFARE Hooks Chairman Hodges Blitch ViceChairman Howard Woodall Secretary Kennon Adams Miller Boone Millican Burks Mitchell Coker Odom Dorsey Sumner Griffith Tippins RULES Mr President Chairman Millican ViceChairman Parker Secretary Arnold Baker Branch Carswell Dean Daniell Ferguson Griffith Hogg SPECIAL JUDICIARY Logan Chairman Millican Brown ViceChairman Overstreet Knox Secretary Sams Daniell Seay Dean Sumner Ferguson Trippe Griffith Williams Hogg Woodall Kiker Yates Mason Kennon Kiker Logan Overstreet Sams Seay Sumner Trippe Williams Woodall Yates 17 STATE OF THE REPUBLIC Weaver Chairman Howard ViceChairman Tippins Secretary Adams Blitch Boone Callaway Bush Chairman Walker ViceChairman Adams Secretary Boone Coker Darby Dorsey Grayson Millican Odom Pannell Walker Wideman TEMPERANCE Howard Killingsworth Miller Richardson Weaver UNIFORM LAWS Gwyn Chairman Weaver ViceChairman Kennon Secretary Adams Brown Grayson Killingsworth Smiley Tippins UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA Carswell Chairman Huckeba Coker ViceChairman Knox Hodges Secretary Odom Blitch Overstreet Bush Sams Ferguson Sumner Grayson Wideman Griffith Woodall Gwyn Yates Hogg WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD Yates Chairman Logan Gwyn ViceChairman Tarbutton Branch Secretary Wells Baker Williams Dean Wideman 18 THE PRESIDENT Rule 1 The President shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful Rule 2 In all cases the President shall not vote unless the Senate shall be equally divided In all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the President may vote Rule 3 When two or more Senators shall rise at the same time the President shall name the Senator entitled to proceed Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the President unless otherwise ordered by the Senate Rule 5 The method of stating the question on any motion by the President shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the President or a division of the Senate is called for by any one member of the Senate the President shall call upon the Senators in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Secretary he shall call upon the Senators to reverse their positions and the President shall announce the result Rule 6 The President may during a days sitting name any Senator to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer Discretion of President When President shall vote Right of Senator to the floor to be decided by the President President to appoint committees Method of stating a question by the President President may name preside 21 Duty of Secretary when President absent When no debate on appeals Appeals to be made at once Power of President to suspend subordinate officers When President may order galleries and lobbies cleared No quorum voting duty of President Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the President shall be absent the President pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Secretary of the Senate shall call the Senate to order and shall preside until a President pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the Senate The President pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease Rule 8 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate Rule 9 All appeals from the decisions of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made Rule 10 The President shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the Senate within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the Senate may see fit to take in the premises Rule 11 The President shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the Senate cleared by the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the Senate to be dealt with for contempt of the Senate Rule 12 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the Senate the Presi 22 dent may order the door of the Senate to be closed and the roll of Senators called by the Secretary and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the Senate and any Senator present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the Senate Rule 13 The President may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays where a division of the Senate discloses the fact that a quorum of the Senate has not voted Rule 14 All questions as to priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the President without debate ON DECORUM AND DEBATE Rule 15 When any Senator is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the Senate he shall arise from his seat and respectfully address himself to Mr President He shall be confined to matter in debate shall speak not more than twice on any subject nor more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken During all sessions all individual speeches on bills and resolutions shall be limited to thirty minutes unless extended by a majority of a quorum and on all points of personal privileges shall be limited to ten minutes If any Senator in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the Senate the President shall call him to order in which case the Senator so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The Senate shall if appealed to decide and the decision of the Senate When President may order votet taken by yeas and nays Decision on questions of priority Conduct of Senators debate Appeals 23 Expulsion See Rule 17 Exception to Words spoken Silence Mode of designating Senators be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offense shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the Senate by a twothirds vote of the Senators which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays Rule 16 If any Senator be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Secretary and read then admitted denied or explained by the Senator who spoke and thereupon the questions of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the Senate may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at the time the Senate is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main question have been disposed of or until such further time as may then be ordered by the Senate But no Senator shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the Senate for words spoken in debate if any other Senator has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken Rule 17 The members of the Senate shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking Senator shall have taken his seat Rule 18 The Senators shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the districts they represent 24 Rule 19 No Senator shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is personally interested and in every case where the seat of a Senator is being contested the sitting Senator and the contestant shall both retire from the Senate before the vote is taken Rule 20 Any Senator may have entered on the Journal a protest in writing against the action of the Senate said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the Senate nor any members thereof Rule 21 No Senator shall address the Senate nor interogate a Senator who is speaking except through the President and if the Senator speaking declines to be interrupted the President shall cause the Senator desiring to interrogate him to be silent Rule 22 No Senator shall pass between the Chair and a Senator while he is speaking nor shall any Senator at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the President retires Rule 23 No Senator shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another Senator oi to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the House except as to the final action taken by the House in any pending matter Rule 24 In nominating candidates for any office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged Rule 25 Applause or hisses in the Senate Chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed Shall not vote when interested in result Protests Duty while Senator is speaking and at adjournment Restrictions in debate Applause and hisses forbidden 25 No debate during yeas and nays Only one motion be made at a time Explana tion Reading of papers Motion to excuse when made Excuses from voting Rule 26 During the calling or reading of yeas and nays on any question no debate shall be had Rule 27 No Senator can make more than one motion at a time and while the motion is being put to the Senate he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the President Rule 28 On all questions except such as are not debatable any Senator on the call of the yeas and nays shall be allowed five minutes as a matter of right in which to explain his vote Where the vote on any question is not taken by yeas and nays no Senator shall be allowed to explain except by unanimous consent No motion or request shall be entertained to vary this rule nor to extend a Senators time for explaining Rule 29 When the reading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any Senator it shall be determined by a vote of the Senate and this motion shall be decided without debate Rule 30 A motion to excuse a Senator from voting must be made before the Senate divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without debate except that the Senator making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail Rule 31 No Senator shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then move to table the bill resolution or motion or move the previous question thereon without relinquishing the floor 26 DIVISION OF A QUESTION Rule 32 Any one Senator may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it Rule 33 The Senator calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself and be consistent and entire BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Rule 34 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Secretary shall distinctly state its number and the name of the Senator by whom introduced Provided that the Geneial Appropriation Bill and the General Tax Bill shall have precedence on third reading oyer all other matters even Special Orders until the said bills shall have been finally disposed of Rule 35 Every motion or request to take up general bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion or request for special orders shall be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the Senate Rule 36 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the first reading Upon the introduction of any bill or resolution or other matter requiring reference to a committee the President shall as a Call for division Division how made Bills and resolutions called in order Proviso What motions to be in writing Question on first reading 27 Effect of favorable report of committee Adverse report of committee Billswhen withdrawn Reports of committees order of action matter of course and without debate commit the same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the Senate In case of engrossment of any bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Secretary and the bill or other matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed Rule 37 Where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill etc the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question unless recommitted Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill etc in order to have a second reading thereof any Senator may at the time such report is made give notice of intention to move at the proper time to disagree to such adverse committee report when the question shall be upon agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill etc shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill etc shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Provided that no bill etc adversely reported shall be taken up for a second reading except by motion of some Senator Any bill etc may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the Senate Rule 38 When a bill etc favorably reported by a committee is on its third or last reading if the report of the committee is disagreed to by the Senate the bill or measures shall be lost unless the action of the Senate in disagreeing to the committee report is reconsidered within the proper time 28 Rule 39 The President shall not recognize any Senator at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to place any general bill on its passage out of its regular order Neither shall he recognize any request for unanimous consent for the introduction of new matter or to read any bill or resolution the second time or to place any local bill or resolution on its passage except during the first thirty minutes after the confirmation of the Journal The president shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any one time Rule 40 Where a bill or a resolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the Senate Rule 41 All bills and resolutions shall be written or printed and shall have the name of the Senator introducing the same as well as the district he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same All bills and resolutions having the force and effect of law shall when introduced have attached an exact copy and said copy shall be retained by the Secretary subject to use as information but the original bill or resolution shall be for the exclusive use of the Senate and the committee to which it is assigned and shall be the official bill or resolution of the Senate and shall not be subject to any other use Rule 42 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the Senate by the committee to which it has been referred or by Bills and resolutions to be in writing How indorsed Bills when printed 29 request of said committee and the order of the Senate agreeing thereto Bill when printed all sessions Transmission to House by majority vote Order of precedence Rule 42A During all sessions of the General Assembly all bills and resolutions having the effect of law except purely local bills shall upon being reported back to the Senate with recommendation that the bill or resolution do pass be printed or mimeographed and a copy placed upon each Senators desk at least one hour before such bill or resolution shall be read a third time Rule 43 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the House on the day of passage thereof unless a majority of the Senators present shall so order Rule 44 The Committee on Rules during the last fifteen legislative days of each session shall arrange and fix the calendar of business for each day and such calendar of business shall be a standing and continuing special order during said period and no matter shall be taken up or acted on otherwise than in the order and manner fixed by such calendar except by a threefourths vote of those present PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS Rule 45 When any subject is before the Senate for consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following towit 1st A motion to adjourn 2d A motion to lay on table 3d A motion for the previous question 4th A motion to postpone indefinitely 30 5th A motion to postpone to a day certain 6th A motion to commit 7th A motion to amend Which said several motions shall have precedence in the order named MOTION TO ADJOURN Rule 46 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the Senate A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended Rule 47 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the Senate is not actually engaged in other business is debatable and is amendable as to the day or time proposed Rule 48 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time when the Senator moving it can legitimately obtain the floor Rule 49 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Secretary has called the first name of the ayes and nays and a vote of one Senator has been given or after a division of the Senate has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced Rule 50 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the Senate to the next sitting day or time in course Not debatable when may be renewed Amendment When debatable When made When not in order Effect of adjournment 31 Hours of adjournment What business postponed Amendment or substitute cannot be laid on table Hw matters may be taken from table When renewed Not debatable or amendable What can be tabled Rule 51 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the Senate is being taken by the yeas and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and anriounced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the Senate is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote On the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the Senate shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE Rule 52 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on the table shall be in order Rule 53 A majority of a qtiorum voting may take from the table at any time when the Senate is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken from the table it is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar Rule 54 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes Rule 55 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable Rule 56 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again 32 Rule 57 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION Rule 58 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the first question shall be Shall the call for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made before the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motions will be out of order and the Senate cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives Rule 59 When the previous question has been ordered the Senate shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate When the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed When in order Effect of previous question Twenty minutes debate allowed 33 Vote how taken Yeas and nays Onefifth necessary Effect of main question being ordered Reconsideration when in order Contested elections to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such Senators as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule Rule 60 After the main question is ordered any Senator may call for a division of the Senate in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays but on all questions on which the yeas and nays are called the assent of onefifth of the number present shall be necessary to sustain the call and when such call is sustained the yeas and nays shall be entered on the Journal Rule 61 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the Senate to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved Rule 62 After the main question has been ordered a motion to reconsider this action will if adopted have the effect to repeal the ordering of both the main question and the previous question and will leave the pending measure again open to debate and amendment This motion to reconsider the ordering of the main question can be made only once and if lost or if the main question is again subsequently ordered on the pending measure no second motion to reconsider the ordering of the main question shall be entertained Rule 63 In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any matter if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the members of said committee whose name is first signed to said minority report or to 34 such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report Rule 64 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection Rule 65 A call of the Senate shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the President that a quorum is not present Rule 66 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE Rule 67 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session Rule 68 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended Rule 69 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can How called and ordered Call of the Senate when in order Questions of order Effect Not amendable When cannot be applied 35 Not renewed Debate when and how allowed Motion to commit Precedence of it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule Rule 70 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has once been voted down MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN Rule 71 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another This motion cannot be renewed or made a second time to the same measure on the same day Rule 72 The motion to postpone to a day certain cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but only to the whole measure It is amendable by substituting one day or time for another If a day proposed is known to be beyond the limits of the Session the motion shall be treated as one to indefinitely postpone MOTION TO COMMIT Rule 73 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee Rule 74 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on 36 Rule 75 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated Rule 76 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the Senator making the motion Rule 77 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum MOTION TO AMEND Rule 78 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended towit 1st By inserting or adding words 2nd By striking out words 3rd By striking out and inserting words An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Any irrelevant amendment or amendment obviously offered for the purpose of delay shall be ruled out of order by the President Rule 79 When a bill or resolution is before the Senate for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the Senate to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute When debatable How amended Motion to recommit Amendments how made Bill first perfected then the substitute 37 When too late to amend Must be in writing Priority Blanks Caption when amended Amending by sections as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute Rule 80 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the Senate unless said action of the Senate in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Rule 81 All motions to amend any matter before the Senate must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added Rule 82 On all questions whether in committee or in the Senate the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put Rule 83 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend Rule 84 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected Rule 85 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the Senate shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Secretary in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the com 38 mittee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Secretary without any motion being made in the Senate and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it Rule 86 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Secretary shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended Rule 87 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out Rule 88 When any bill or resolution which originated in the Senate has been amended in the House and is before the Senate for action on the House amendment an amendment may be offered in the Senate to the House amendment but the Senate amendment to the House amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down Rule 89 A motion to amend an amendment made by the House to a Senate bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment Rule 90 The questions which arise before the Senate respecting amendments by the House to a Senate bill or resolution are 1st A motion to agree to the House amendment Amendments by striking out and inserting Priority of amendment to perfect Amending House amendments See Eule 129 Priority Priority of Questions on House amendments 39 Motion to reconsider Shall not be withdrawn when When there may be one reconsideration When in order 2d A motion to disagree to the House amendment 3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment 4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment 5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment They take precedence in the above order RECONSIDERATION Rule 91 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any Senator to move for reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter that has been previously reconsidered provided such Senator shall notify the Senate of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed Rule 92 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made Rule 93 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once Rule 94 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the time for unanimous consents on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action Provided a motion to reconsider the action 40 of the Senate ordering immediate transmission of any bill or resolution to the House shall be made and disposed of before the transaction of other business Rule 95 The action of the Senate upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates Rule 96 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third reading ABSENTEES Rule 97 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the Senate shall not be dispensed with except by a majority vote of the Senators present Rule 98 Upon the call of the Senators ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Secretary and shall appear upon the Journal COMPELLING ATTENDANCE Rule 99 The power to compel the attendance of Senators in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the President and to this end he may have the doors of the Senate closedy When the doors are so closed no Senator shall be allowed to retire from the Senate without first obtaining leave from the Senate The Messenger of the Senate shall be exofficio SergeantatArms of the Senate and on order of the President may arrest any absentees and bring Amendments when reconsidered Place on calendar Morning rollcall dispensed with by majority vote Names of absentees noted Sergeantatarms Power to compel attendance 41 Call how ordered Subsequent proceedings Messages Messages when received and considered them before the Senate when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid CALL OF THE SENATE Rule 100 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present or when the President shall officially state the fact to the Senate it shall be in order for any Senator to make a motion for a call of the Senate and when this motion is made the President shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the Senate prevail and if five of the Senators present shall vote in the affirmative the President shall order the Secretary to call the roll of Senators and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by order of the majority of the Senators present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the Senate shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged MISCELLANEOUS RULES Rule 101 When a message is sent to the Senate it shall be announced at the door of the Senate by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent Rule 102 Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce vote is 42 being taken A message shall be presented to the Senate by the President when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business on which the Senate is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the Senate Rule 103 After a motion is stated by the President or read by the Secretary it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Senate but may be withdrawn at any time before decision by consent of the Senate Rule 104 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading Rule 105 Any motion to suspend the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate t Rule 106 Any motion not privileged contain ing new matters shall lie at least one day on the table Rule 107 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Secretary shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting Rule 108 Where a motion is made by any Senator it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the Senate Rule 109 After the announcement of the standing committees no other Senators shall be placed thereon unless it be at the request of a Motions Petitions memorials etc No debate Motions not privileged Record Not necessary ta second motion Committees how and when enlarged 43 Privileges of the floor Duty of Committee on Journals Adjourn ment majority of the committee to be added thereto except when Senators have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the President may assign said Senators to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships Rule 110 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the Senate except the Senators and officers of the Senate the officers and members of the House the President of the United States and Cabinet members the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive Department exGovernors Judges of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals in actual commission expresiding officers of the Senate and House members of Congress from Georgia Governors and members of the Legislature of any State of the United States members of the press actually reporting legislative proceedings and such others as the Senate may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on Rules but the privilege of the floor shall be extended to no person for a period longer than two days and not more than twice during any session Rule 111 It shall be the duty of the committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the Senate that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Secretary Rule 112 The hours of the morning sessions of the Senate shall be from 10 oclock A M to one oclock P M when the Senate shall stand adjourned until ten oclock A M of the next succeeding day Sundays excepted unless otherwise ordered by the Senate 44 Rule 113 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate Rule 114 All writs warrants subpoenas issued by order of the Senate shall be signed by the President and attested by the Secretary 0 Rule 115 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the Senate while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the President and to execute the demands of the Senate from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the President Rule 116 The Messenger under the direction of the Secretary shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed to the members he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them Rule 117 No committee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendments recommended on separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate Rule 118 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not voting Rule 119 Whenever any Senator moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the President shall appoint a committee on the part of the Senate and in such case the committee shall consist only of such Senators as voted in the majority on the posi Motion for yeas and nays not debatable Signature of President and Secretary Duty of Messenger Messengers duty in distributing documents etc Interlineation forbidden Pairing Committees of Conference 45 Amend ments Free debate Motion Majority and minority reports What motions lie on table Changing votes tion assumed by the Senate and if by inadvertence any Senator be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the Senate and be excused by the President Rule 120 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the Senate it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the Senate but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment Rule 121 No Senator shall after debating any question and before yielding the floor be allowed to submit any motion the effect of which shall be to prevent further debate Rule 122 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out a part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first on order Rule 123 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent Rule 124 Every motion for information from the Executive or other Departments shall lie on the table one day unless referred to a committee by vote of the Senate Rule 125 On the call of the yeas and nays the Secretary shall read the names of the Senators after they have been called and no Senator shall be 46 permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question Rule 126 Questions of the privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the Senate collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of Senators individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions Provided that when any matter is pending before the Senate no question of personal privilege shall he acted on until the pending question is disposed of Rule 127 In all elections a majority of the Senators present shall be necessary to a choice Rule 128 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays are called and recorded All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money must originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Rule 129 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal and when any amendment to the Constitution shall be agreed to by a twothirds vote of members elected such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on the Journal in full with the yeas and nays taken thereon Rule 130 The first and second reading of local bills shall consist of the reading of the titles only unless said bill is ordered engrossed Questions of privilege Elections Appropriating money yeas and nays called and recorded Must originate in House of Representatives Amendment to Constitution entered in full in journals Caption or title only to be read in local bills 47 Secretary to take oath and give bond Oath of enrolling and engrossing Clerks Must be examined by Engrossing and Enrolling Committee and be recommended by it as competent Secretary must enter on journals proceedings of joint sessions Rule 131 The Secretary and Assistant Secretary shall before entering on their duties as such take an oath before their presiding officer to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge and the Secretary shall enter into bond in the sum of 5000 conditioned for faithful discharge of his duties Said bond to be approved by President of Senate Rule 132 All engrossing and enrolling clerks before entering upon the discharge of their respective duties shall taken an oath before the President of the Senate to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge of which a minute shall be made and entered on the Journals and no journalizing recording enrolling or engrossing clerk shall be appointed by the Secretary of the Senate until such clerk has been examined by the Engrossing and Enrolling Committee and certified to be competent and well qualified for the discharge of the duties required of him and shall be removed at any time upon recommendation of the Engrossing and Enrolling Committee Rule 133 When there is a meeting of both branches of the General Assembly in joint session the Secretary shall enter in the journal of the Senate the proceedings of the same 48 COMMITTEES Rule 134 The President shall appoint the following standing committees Committee on Agriculture Committee on Amendments to Constitution Committee on Appropriations Committee on Auditing Committee on Aviation Committee on Banks and Banking Committee on Congressional and Legislative Reapportionment Committee on Conservation Committee on Counties and County Matters Committee on Education and Public Schools Committee on Engrossing and Enrolling Committee on Finance Committee on Game and Fish Committee on General Judiciary Committee on Halls and Rooms Committee on Highways and Public Roads Committee on Public Health Committee on Industrial Relations Committee on Insurance Committee on Interstate Cooperative Council of State Government Committee on Journals Committee on Military Affairs and Veterans Affairs Committee on Mines and Mining Committee on Motor Vehicles Committee on Municipal Government 49 Committee on Penal Institutions Committee on Pensions Committee on Public Utilities Committee on Public Welfare Committee on Rules Committee on Special Judiciary Committee on State of the Republic Committee on Temperance Committee on Uniform Laws Committee on University System of Georgia Committee on Western and Atlantic Railroad The Chairman and ViceChairman of the Committee on Appropriations shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Finance and the Chairman and ViceChairman of the Committee on Finance shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations That the President of the Senate be an exofficio member of all standing committees of the Senate but shall have no vote as an exofficio member except on the Committee on Rules of which he is chairman 50 ORDER OF BUSINESS Rule 135 The following shall be the order of business 1 Prayer by the Chaplain 2 Call of the Roll 3 Report of Committee on Journals 4 Notices of motions to reconsider 5 Reading the Journal 6 Motions to reconsider 7 Confirmations of the Journal 8 Unanimous consents 9 Reports of Standing Committees 10 Reports of Select Committees 11 Messages from the Governor 12 Unfinished business 13 Special Orders and Orders of the Day 14 Messages from the House of Representatives 15 Introduction of bills etc the first time on Mondays Wednesdays and Thursdays 16 Reading House Bills etc the first time for reference 17 Reading bills etc second time favorably reported from committees 18 Consideration of bills etc adversely reported on Tuesdays and Fridays 19 Reading for third time of bills etc ready for passage 20 Motions resolutions and petitions Rule 136 The report of the Committee on Rules shall be in order at any time and messages 51 from the Governor or from the House of Representatives may be received under any order of business Rule 137 No change of or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition be submitted in writing and referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the Senate Rule 138 The rules of the Senate shall in no case be suspended or changed or the order of business changed except by a twothirds vote a quorum of the Senate being present and voting Rule 139 The Auditing Committee before auditing the account of any Senator for expenses as a Committeeman or incurred in discharge of any duty as a member of the Senate shall require of him an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item whenever the same is practicable Rule 140 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies 52 CONSTITUTIONAL RULES Rule 141 The Lieutenant Governor shall be President of the Senate Art 5 Sec 1 Par 7 Rule 142 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4 Rule 143 Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5 Rule 144 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14 Rule 145 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6 Lt Governor to be President of Senate What is a quorum Compelling attendance Oath of members Majority required to pass bill Yeas and nays order by onefifth of members 53 Bill or resolutions appropriating money must pass by yeas and nays Constitutional twothirds vote taken by yeas and nays Revenue bills Reading of bills One subject matter etc An amendment to laws and sections of Code Rule 146 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12 Rule 147 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 19 Rule 148 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection but the first and second reading of each local bill shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7 Rule 149 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendment as in other bills Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10 Rule 150 No law shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8 Rule 151 No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the Amending or repealing Act shall distinctly 54 describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16 Rule 152 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1 Rule 153 The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the courts it may confer this authority to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to the judges of the superior courts of this State in vacation All corporate powers and privileges to banking trust insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law and if in any event the Secretary of State should be disqualified to act in any case then in that event the legislature shall provide by general laws by what person such charter shall be granted Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17 General laws how varied Consent and when required Corpora tions Power delegated to courts 55 Relief of recognizance What the general appropriation bill shall contain Other appriations by separate bills Adjourn ment Elections Rule 154 The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18 Rule 155 The General Appropriations bill shall embrace nothing except appropriation fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government paying of the public debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9 Rule 156 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them Art 3 Sec 7 Par 22 Rule 157 All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the 56 Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1 Rule 158 All acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either house shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13 Rule 159 The General Assembly shall meet on the second Monday in January 1933 and biennially thereafter on the same date until the day shall be changed by law Such session shall continue no longer than ten 10 days The General Assembly shall reconvene in regular session on the second Monday after the 4th of July 1933 and biennially thereafter on the same date until the date shall be changed by law No such regular session shall continue longer than sixty 60 days Art 3 Sec 4 Par 3 Rule 160 Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have the power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine or imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1 Rejected bills again considered by a twothirds vote January session limited to ten days Regular Session limited to sixty days Elections disorderly conduct Expulsion by twothirds vote 57 Signature of Governor when required Governors veto Effect of twothirds vote thereon When Governor must approve Effect of twothirds vote Rule 161 No provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto to submit constitutional amendments and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21 Rule 162 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House Art 5 Sec 1 Par 15 Rule 163 Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall tale effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each house provided however that nothing contained in this Article shall be construed to confer on the Governor the right to veto or enter his disapproval of any proposal made by the General Assembly to amend this Constitution Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16 58 Rule 164 No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and by a majority vote of the General Assembly Art 11 Sec 1 Par 9 Rule 165 Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon The General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election at which election members of the General Assembly are chosen and if such proposed amendment directly affects only one or more political subdivisions of the State then it shall also jpe advertised in the area to be directly affected thereby and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution provided that if the proposed amendment is not one that directly affects the whole State but only one or more subdivisions thereof said amendment shall not become a part of this Constitution unless it receive both a majority of the Twothirds vote required Twothirds vote required on amendments to Constitution 59 Twothirds vote required to call a convention How called Salaries of judges electors qualified to vote voting thereon in the State as a whole and also a majority of the electors qualified to vote voting thereon in the particular subdivision or subdivisions affected When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1 Rule 166 No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable This Constitution shall not be revised amended or changed by the Convention until the proposed revision amendment or change has been submitted and ratified by the people in the manner provided for submission and ratification of amendments proposed by the General Assembly Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2 Rule 167 The Justices of the Supreme Court each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the judges of the Court of Appeals each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 6000 per annum and the Solicitors General shall each have out of the treasury of the State a salary of 25000 per annum with the right of the General Assembly to authorize any county to supplement the salary 60 of a judge of the Superior Court and Solicitor General of the Judicial Circuit in which such county lies out of county funds provided however where such salary is at the time of the adoption of this Constitution being supplemented out of county funds under existing laws such laws shall remain in force until altered by the General Assembly Provided further that the Board of County Commissioners of Richmond County or the Ordinary or such other board or person as may from time to time have charge of the fiscal affairs of said county shall without further legislative action continue to supplement from said Countys treasury the salary of the Judge of Superior Court of the circuit of which the said County of Richmond is a part by the sum of Two Thousand 2000 Dollars per annum which shall be in addition to the amount received by said judge out of the State treasury and such payments are declared to be a part of the court expenses of said County and such payment shall be made to the judge now in office during his present or subsequent terms as well as to his successors with the authority in the General Assembly to increase such salary from the County treasury as above provided The General Assembly shall have power at any time by a majority vote of each branch to abolish the fees at present accruing to the office of solicitor general in any particular judicial circuit and in lieu thereof to prescribe a salary for such office without regard to the uniformity of such salaries in the various circuits and shall have further power to determine what disposition shall be made of the fines forfeitures and fees accruing to the office of solicitor general in any such judicial circuit where May be changed by a majority vote 61 Evidence of notice of local and special bills must be submitted before passsage of same the fees are abolished and likewise shall have the further power if it so desires to abolish such salary and reestablish such fees but in either event when so changed the change shall not become effective until the end of the term to which the solicitor general was elected Art 6 Sec 13 Pars 1 and 2 Rule 168 No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the newspaper in which the Sheriffs advertisements for the locality affected are published once a week for three weeks during a period of sixty days immediately preceding its introduction into the General Assembly No local or special bill shall become law unless there is attached to and made a part of said bill a copy of said notice certified by the publisher or accompanied by an affidavit of the author to the effect that said notice has been published as provided by law No office to which a person has been elected shall be abolished nor the term of the office shortened or lengthened by local or special bill during the term for which such person was elected unless the same be approved by the people of the jurisdiction affected in a referendum on the question Where any local law shall add any member or members to any municipal or county governing authority the members of which are elected by the people such local law must provide that the member or members so added must be elected by a majority vote of the qualified voters of the political subdivision affected Art 3 Sec 7 Par 15 62 RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION 1 When nominations shall be made by the Governor to the Senate a future day shall be assigned for their considerations unless the Senate directs otherwise 2 When acting on executive business the Senate shall be cleared of all persons except the Senators the Secretary and Assistant Secretary 3 All information or remarks touching or concerning the character or qualifications of any person nominated by the Governor for office shall be kept secret 4 The Legislative and Executive proceedings of the Senate shall be kept in separate and distinct books except that a copy of the message transmitting information of definite action on appointments of the Governor shall be placed in the regular Journals of the Senate 5 All nominations approved by the Senate or otherwise definitely acted on shall be transmitted by the Secretary to the Governor with the determination of the Senate thereon from day to day as such proceedings may occur but no further extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished published or otherwise communicated except as provided in Rule 4 during any session except by special order of the Senate and in transmitting the determination of the Senate thereon the Secretary shall in no instance furnish a 63 list of the names of Senators voting in the affirmative or negative but only the fact of confirmation or rejection and the numerical vote and the record of votes shall be sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of States office there to be placed on file 6 A majority of a quorum shall be necessary to confirm the nomination to any office made by the Governor and sent to the Senate for approval When nominations are made by the Governor for any office which require the assent and approval of the Senate in executive session after the Secretary shall read the name of the party nominated and the position to which he is appointed the President shall put to the Senate the following Shall the nomination of the Governor be confirmed by the Senate Those who favor the confirmation will as your names are called vote Aye those opposed vote No After the roll is called the President will announce the result of the ballot and declare the result as follows It appears from the vote that a majority of the Senators have voted to confirm the appointment made by the Governor the same is hereby confirmed by the Senate or A majority of the Senators have voted against the confirmation of the nomination made by the Governor it is therefore rejected by the Senate 7 No Senator will be at liberty at any time or under any circumstances to expose or publish anything transpiring in executive session except only such matters as are required to be disclosed under the rules It is the intent and meaning of this rule that the business transacted in executive session shall be sacred and free from exposure to the outside world that every Senator shall be on his honor concerning the same 64 RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION 1 The time of the meeting of the two houses in joint session shall be determined by the concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law 2 The elections shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result 3 The votes are to be taken for but one election at the same time and a majority of the whole number of votes cast is necessary to a choice 4 The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet in joint session in the hall of the House of Representatives on the first Monday of every session at 10 oclock a m or at such time as may be fixed by joint resolution of both houses for the purpose of electing such officers of said State as are now or may hereafter be required to be elected by the General Assembly Said joint session shall continue in morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of said officers are elected 5 At the hour determined by the concurrent 65 resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Representatives 6 The President of the Senate shall preside and announce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly 7 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate 8 In announcing a candidate the mover shall not make any commendatory or other remarks 9 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order to second such nomination and when the nomination is declared closed the President shall forthwith order the rollcall and each member when called shall rise in his seat and respond promptly announcing distinctly his choice for such office 10 In the elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote unless he will rise and state in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote had been recorded by mistake 11 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order 12 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General Assembly be now 66 dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence of the former 13 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the call of the roll has commenced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate 14 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened 15 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber 16 The majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session 17 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or either of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal of its consent to the same 67 INDEX TO STANDING RULES OF Senate of Georgia ABSENTEES Rule No Arrest of when 99100 Call of Senate 100 Names recorded in Journal 98 Roll Call dispensed with when 97 Secretary duty as to Absenteesj 98 ADJOURN MOTION TO Amendable not 46 Debatable not 46 Definite time debatable when 47 Definite time Amendable when 47 Division not in order during 49 Effect when motion prevails 50 Main Question Ordered not in order 49 58 Precedence of 4548 Previous Question motion for sustained motion to adjourn in order 4958 Shall not be made second time whenjfS 46 When in order46 484958 When not in orderi 49 58 Yeas and Nays being called not in order 49 ADJOURNMENT Constitutional time limit41 112 Courtesy to President at 22 Effect when hour of arrives while Senate is acting under previous question i 51 58 Effect when hour of arrives while vote is being taken by Yeas and Nays 51 Hour of Fixed by Senate 112 ADVERSE REPORT Bills and Resolutions adversely reported taken up when 37 Debate on i 59 Effect of on bills 37 Second Reading after when 37 68 AMENDMENTS Rule No Adjourn motion to not amendable 46 Adjourn to definite time amendable when 47 Applicable to Amendments 78 Amendments to Amendments not amendable 78 Bills and Resolutions amended by sections 78 85 Bills and Resolutions perfected before substitute 79 Bills and Resolutions perfected before caption 84 Blanks must be filled in before 83 By Committee 117 Commit motion to amendable how 76 Committee Amendments take precedence 120 Committee shall not deface or interline bill but report amendments on separate paper 117 Caption not considered until Bill perfected 84 Engrossment Effect of 36 General Appropriations Bill Senate may amend 128 General Tax Bill Senate may amend 128 Germane must be 122 House Amendments to S B 88 90 House Amendments to SB may be amendedIT 88 House Amendments to SB Priority of motion to amend 89 House Amendments to SB Priority of Questions on 90 House Amendments to SB Senate Amendment to not subject to amendment 88 Priority of82 87 120 122 Priority of to perfect part proposed to be stricken87122 Priority of on passage of bill 120 Precedence of motion to amend 45 Postpone indefinitely motion to not amendable 68 Postpone definitely amendable 72 Reconsideration of when 95 Report of by committee 117 Report of Committee agreed to amendments after 80 Requirements of motion to amend 81 Secretary duty of when amendments made to bill and resolutions by sections 85 Secretary duty of in amending by inserting and striking out 86 Strike out motion to part to be stricken considered first 122 Section by 85 Table amendments motion to not in order 52 Table motion to lay on or take from not amendable 55 69 Rule No Ways of making 78 When too late 8085 When made bill being considered by sections 85 Writing motion to amend must be in 81 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION Journal proposed recorded in 129 Yeas and Nays recorded on 129 Majority required 129 APPEALS From Presidents decision 9 Member called to Order may appealI 15 No debate on appeals of personal character 8 Time of making 9 APPLAUSE Prohibited in Galleries or Senate Chamber 25 APPROPRIATIONS General Bill right of way 34 House must originate 128 Senate may amend appropriation bill 128 Yeas and Nays requiredL 128 ATTENDANCE Arrest of senators for nonattendance99100 Call of Senate 99 Messengers duty as to99100 Power to compel99100 President duty as to99100 AUDITING COMMITTEE Accounts of members duty as to 139 BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Adverse Committee report on 37 Amendments to j 78 Amendments to passed on before caption or preamble considered 84 Amendments Bill perfected first 79 Amendments to too late 8085 Amendments by sections 85 Amendments to when too late bill being considered by sections 85 Amendments to by striking and inserting 86 Amendments by committees how reported 117 Bills perfected before substitutes 79 70 Rule No Caption not considered until bill perfected 84 Committee amendments take precedence 120 Committee amendments how reported8 117 Committee reports on precedence of 40 Committee Report on effect of disposal of 37 38 Committee Report favorable effect of 3759 Committee Report unfavorable effect of 37 59 Commit motion to45 73 76 Commitment to Committees 36 Debate none on first reading 36 Deface or interline no committee shall 117 Disagreement to favorable committee report effect of 38 Engrossment effect of 36 Entries on to be made by secretary 36 Form 41 First Reading no debate 36 General Appropriations bill takes precedence 34 General bills not placed for passage out of order by unanimous consentI 39 General Tax Bill takes precedence 34 Intermediate transmission to houseX 43 Local Bills effect of engrossmentX 130 Local Bills First and Second ReadingsX 130 Local Bills third reading and placement for passage by unanimous consent X 39 Precedence of 34 President duty to commitX 36 Printing of XX 42 Reading of by unanimous consentJ 39 Recommit motion to 77 Requirements of 41 Reported by committee bill may be amended before report agreed to 120 Reconsideration 9196 Reconsideration effect of 96 Second Reading after adverse committee report 37 Secretary duty of in amending by striking and inserting 86 Secretary state author and number of when reading 34 Secretary to call in order on calendar 34 Special committee motion to commit to 73 74 Strike out motion to part to be stricken considered first 122 Unanimous consent for reading or consideration 39 71 Rule No Withdrawal of s 37 Substitute Bill perfected before41 79 CALL OF THE SENATE Contempt on 12 When in orderS312100 When main question ordered 65 CAPTION Not considered until bill perfected 84 CHANGE OF VOTES How and whenilHiil 125 COMMITTEES Amendments by how reported 117 Amendments by takes precedence 120 Appointment of 4134 Appropriations exofficio members ofy 134 Bills not to be interlined or defaced byJ117 Chairmen Appropriations and Finance exofficio members 134 Change after announcement 109 Commit to motion to 7377 Conference how and when constitutedgjj 119 Enlarged howg 109 Exofficio members of 134 Finance exofficio members of 134 President appoint 4 4134 President exofficio member of rules committee 134 Reports order of precedence 40 Recommit to motion to 77 Senators elected to fill vacancies committee assignments 109 Standing committees 134 COMMIT MOTION TO Amended how I 76 Applicable to what 73 Debate simple motion not debatable91 75 Debate motion to commit with instructions debatable 75 Precedence among other motions1 45 Precedence among motions to commit1 74 Special Committee toS 73 74 Standing committee to takes precedence 74 Recommit motion toa 77 72 CONTEMPT Rule No By Outsiders 11 By Senators12100 On Call of the Senatet12100 CONVERSATION Presidents right to suppress 1 Senators refrain from when 17 DEBATE Adjourn motion to not debatable 46 Adjourn to definite time motion to debatable 47 Adverse report debate on 59 Appeals from chair of personal character not debatable 8 Bill or resolution no debate on first reading36 Breach of order in debate 15 Change order of business motion to not debatable 105 Commit motion to not debatable 75 Commit with instructions motion to debatable 75 Committee matters reference to out of order in 23 Conduct of Senators in15 2122 23 Conversation reference to out of order in 23 Excuse from voting motion to not debatable 30 First reading of bill or resolution no debate 36 House happenings reference to out of order in 23 Incidental matters after motion for previous question sustained decided without debate 66 Interrogation of speakers through president 21 Limitation of speeches 15 Minority report debate ont 63 Nondebatable motion not in order when31121 Postpone definitely motion to debate limited 71 Postpone indefinitely motion to debatable 68 Previous Question motion for not debatable 58 Previous Question motion for decided affirmatively debate limited 59 63 Previous Question motion for incidental questions decided without debate 66 Priority of Business decided by President without debate 14 Reading of papers question of decided without debate 29 Roll Call no debate during 26 Suspend Rules motion to not debatable 105 73 Rule No Yeas and Nays motion for decided without debate 113 Yeas and Nays no debate during 26 DISPARAGING REMARKS Prohibited on Nominations 24 DIVISION OF SENATE After main question ordered 60 Call for 60 Excuse for voting motion to must be before 30 Senator may ask for 5 60 DIVISION OF QUESTION Duty of member asking 33 Right to call for 32 What divisible 3233 ENGROSSMENT Effect of 36 ENROLLING AND ENGROSSING COMMITTEE Clerks examine and approve 132 Clerks recommend removal of 132 EXCEPTION TO WORDS SPOKEN Procedure for taking 16 EXECUTIVE SESSION Reference to Special Rules Cleared Senate Chamber cleared of all persons except senators secretary and assistant secretary 2 Journal message informing governor of action on nominees record in regular journal4 4 Journal separate journal for executive sessions5 4 Journal secret i 357 Governor informed of action on nominees by secretary 45 Nomination majority necessary to confirm 6 Nomination how put 6 Nomination when considered 1 6 Nominees discussion of secret 357 Nominees secretary inform governor of action on 5 Proceedings kept in separate book from legislative proceedings 4 Proceedings kept secret 3 5 7 74 Rule No Procedure 26 Remarks of Senators kept secret 3 Secretary and assistant in senate during session Secretary duty as to journal 4 Secretary inform governor of action on nominees Secrecy required 23 5 Senate chamber cleared of all persons except senators secretary and assistant secretary during session Senators shall not disclose proceedings or happenings of session 3 Votes on nominations kept secret Votes record of sealed and filed with Secretary of State Votes result only announced EXPLANATION OF VOTES When and time allowed 28 EXPULSION OF MEMBERS When and how 15 DOORKEEPER Clear lobbies and galleries whenIp 11 Messages duty in receiving 101 Suspension of 10 GALLERIES Applause or hisses prohibited in 25 President may cleari 11 GENERAL ASSEMBLY Minutes of joint sessions of kept in Senate Journal 133 GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS BILLS Precedence of 34 Senate may amend only 128 GENERAL TAX BILL Precedence of 34 Senate may amend only 128 GOVERNOR Entitled to privileges of the Floor HO HOUR OF ADJOURNMENT Effect of arrival of 51 58 75 w cn Oi i to o oi cn to Rule No Effect of arrival of when Senate acting under previous question 51 58 Effect of arrival of vote being taken by yeas and nays 51 Fixed by Senate 112 Provided I 112 IMMEDIATE TRANSMISSION TO THE HOUSE Majority vote necessary for 43 Reconsideration of motion for 94 When ordered 43 JOINT SESSION RULES OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN JOINT SESSION References to Special Rules Adjourn motion to see motion to dissolve Appeals from decisions of chair 6 Change of vote when allowed 10 Commendatory remarks prohibited 8 Elections by i24 910 Elections change of vote on 10 Elections majority for 3 Elections only one at time 3 Elections record of vote kept in House Journal 2 Elections vote how taken 23 9 Elections where held 2 Debate no debate except on points of orderJ 11 Dissolve motion to not in order after roll call commenced 13 Dissolve motion to effect of when prevailing 15 Dissolve motion to and reconvene at definite time takes precedence 13 Dissolve motion to definite and indefinite 12 Dissolve motion to when in order 13 Dissolve motion to when lost in order again when 14 Journal of House contain record of vote on elections 2 Majority necessary for election 3 Nominations no commendatory remarks by member making 8 Nominations no second of in order 9 Nominations roll call on 9 Order points of debatable 11 Presiding Officer President of Senate 26 Presiding Officer duties of6 915 Place of meeting 25 76 Rule No Procedure 6 Quorum 16 Roll Call on elections 9 Roll Commenced motion to dissolve not in order 13 Rules how changed 17 Rules consent of both houses to necessary 17 Senate repair to Hall of House of Representatives 5 Senate return to Senate Chamber on dissolutionEg 15 Sessions continue how long413 Speaker of House sit at left of President of Senate 7 State officers election of 4 Time of meeting 14 Voting 2 3 9 Vote change ofL 10 JOURNAL Absentees Contain names of 98 Appropriations motion for yeas and nays recorded on 128 Committee on duty to read1 111 Constitutional amendments recorded in 129 Constitutional amendments yeas and nays recorded on 129 Constitution requires twothirds majority for passage of bill or resolution yeas and nays shall be recorded 129 General Assembly minutes kept in Senate 133 Oaths minutes of oaths kept in 132 Protest of Senators entry in 20 Reconsideration of matters inI 91 Senators not voting on yeas and nays names entered in 107 LAUDATORY REMARKS Prohibited 24 LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR Duties of 141 LOCAL BILLS Engrossment effect of 130 First and Second reading 130 Reading of third time and put on passage by unanimous consent 39 MAIN QUESTION Adjourn motion to not in order after main question ordered 49 58 77 Rule No Call of Senate after ordered 65 Call of Senate after main question ordered 65 Debate time allowed for majority after main question ordered 59 Debate time allowed minority after main question ordered 63 Debate time allowed author after main question ordered63 6566 Division of Senate 60 Effect of when order58 59 63 6566 Reconsideration of ordering 62 Table motion to not in order after main question ordered 57 58 Vote how taken when ordered 60 MAJORITY Change rules or order of business necessary to44138 Election necessary for 127 MEMORIALS Presentment and consideration 104 MINORITY REPORTS Debate on 63 Minority may make reports how 123 MESSAGES Consideration of 1 102 How sent received announced and considered101 Received from the Governor or House at any time 136 When Received 102136 MESSENGER Arrest senators power to on order of president99100 Clear galleries and lobbies when 11 Duty of on call of Senate 100 ExOfficio SergeantatArms 99 General duties 115116 Suspension of 10 MOTIONS Information for from executive department lie on table one day 124 Germane motion to amend must be 122 Nondebatable not in order when31121 One at time onlyg 27 Order of business motion to change not debatable 105 Order of business motion to change vote necessary44138 78 Rule No Order of priority 45 Privilege question of take precedence 126 Reading by secretary effect of 103 Read papers motion to not debatable 29 Rules motion to change or suspend vote necessary 138 Rules motion to change or suspend how submitted 137 Seconding not required 108 Senator resume seat while motion is being put 27 Special Orders motion to make how submitted 35 Statement of by chair effect of 103 Strike out motion to part to be stricken considered first 122 Unprivileged containing new matter lie on table one day 106 Withdrawal of 103 NEW MATTERS Information from executive department motion for lie on table one day 124 Unprivileged motion containing lie on table one day 106 Unanimous consent for 39 NOMINATIONS Disparaging remarks prohibited inI 3 24 Laudatory Remarks prohibited in 24 OATHS Assistant Secretary 131 Clerks 132 Entered in Journal 132 Secretarys 131 ORDER OF BUSINESS Established I35 Majority necessary to change order fixed by rules committee 44 Majority necessary to change order 138 Motion to change not debatable 105 Priority of decided by president without debate 14 Rules committee fix during last fifteen days of session 44 Special orders motion for how submitted 35 PAIRING Not recognized 118 79 PARLIAMENTARY LAW Rule No Applicable when 140 PETITIONS Presentment and consideration 104 PREAMBLE Not considered until bill or resolution perfected 84 POSTPONE TO DEFINITE DAY MOTION TO Applicable to what 72 Amendments subject to 72 Debate limited 71 Impossible day motion to postpone to treated how 72 Precedence of j 45 69 Renewal when lost cannot be made again the same day 71 POSTPONE INDEFINITELY MOTION TO Applicable to what 69 Amendments not subject to 68 Debate subject to 68 Effect when motion prevails 67 Impossible motion to postpone impossible day treated how 72 Precedence of 45 69 Renewal when lost motion cannot be again made on same matter 70 PRESIDENT Absence of president pro tem preside 7 Adjournment Senators remain until president retires 22 Appeals from decisions of8 915 Arrest president may order of persons disturbing senate 11 Arrest Senators power to order when absent99100 Attendance power to compel99100 Business priority of decided by 14 Call of Senate power and duty on1213100 Committees appointed by 4134 Commitment of bills and resolutions on first reading 36 Courtesy due by Senators to at adjournment 22 Conference Committee appointed by 119 Division may order 5 Galleries power to clear 11 Interrogation of senators through 21 80 Rule No Irrevelant debate power to suspend 1 Lobbies power to clear H Method of stating question 5 Messages duty on receiving 102 No quorum voting duty of president 1213 Recognition of Senators decided by 3 Rules committee exofficio chairman ofM 134 Signs all writs warrants etc of Senate 114 Silence power to command Senator may name to presidej 6 Senator may call to order for breach of rules 15 Senators elected after committees appointed president may appoint to committees1 109 Standing Committees appointment of 134 Suspension of officers by 10 Vote president required to when 2 Vacant chairmanships power to fill 109 PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE Absence of president and president pro tempore secretary shall call election of president pro tempore J 7 Duties of 7 PREVIOUS QUESTION Adjournment effect of arrival of hour of Senate acting under 51 Adjourn motion to after motion for previous question sustained 49 58 Affirmative vote on effect of58 59 63 66 Applicable to what 64 Call of Senate after previous question ordered 65 Debate regulated previous question decided affirmatively59 63 Debate motion for not subject to 58 Exhausted before matters excepted to decided 16 Incidental questions arising after previous question ordered decided without debate 1 66 Precedence of motion for 45 58 Reconsideration 62 Table motion to after motion for previous question sustained 5758 PRIVILEGE Motion without to lie on table 106 Personal 126 81 Rule No Question of what constituteL 126 Questions of take precedenceL 126 PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR When extended to visitors HO Who entitled to HO PRINTING OF BILLS When ordered 42 PROTESTS OF SENATORS Procedure for 20 QUORUM Call of Senate no quorum voting 100 No quorum voting duty of presidentJ12 13 100 No quorum voting president may order yeas and nays 13 READING OF PAPERS Determined by Senate 29 RECOMMIT MOTION TO Applicable to what1 77 RECONSIDERATION Amendments of 1L 95 Applicable to what 91 Committee Reports of action on 38 Effect of I 62 96 Immediate transmission motion for reconsidered when 94 Intervening days effect ofIs 94 Main question ordering of may be reconsidered Li62 Main question ordering of may be reconsidered only once L 62 Notice required 92 One time no matter reconsidered but 93 Previous question reconsideration of 62 When and how asked 91 94 When motion for is in order1 91 REMONSTRANCES Presentment and Consideration 104 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES Amendments after agreement to 80 82 Rule No Disagreement to effect of 33 Favorable report effect ofl 3 Form of 123 123 Minority reports Procedure after 7 38 Precedence of Reconsideration of action onij 33 on Unfavorable report Writing must be ini RULES Change proposal to must be submitted in writing and referred to Rules committee 13 Majority necessary to change138 Special orders motion to make how submitted 35 Suspend motion to not debatable 10 Suspended how 105 137135 RULES COMMITTEE Change in rules all proposals for submitted to 137 Order of business for last fifteen days fixed by 44 Report of in order at any time 136 Special orders must be reported on by 35 SECRETARY Absence of president and president pro tern call election for president pro tern 7 Absentees note name of708 Amending bills by sections duty of in 85 Amending bills by striking and inserting duty of in 86 Attest all writs warrants etc of Senate 114 Bills and Resolutions called in order by from calendar 34 Bills and Resolutions Engrossed Entries on to be made by 36 Bills and Resolutions state number and author of in calling 34 Bond of 131 Clerks appointment ofU132 General assembly joint session keep minutes of 133 Journal duty to enter names of Senators not voting on yeas and nays 167 Oath 131 SENATORS Adjournment duty of atd 22 83 Rule No Accounts of duty of auditing committee as to 139 Applause prohibited 25 Arrest power of president to order99100 Attendance power of president to compel99100 Call of Senate may askjj 100 Call to order for transgression of rules 15 Committee assignments when elected after organization of Senate completed 109 Conduct in debate15171821 23 25 31 Contempt of the Senate 12 Conversation refrain from 17 Courtesy owed Senator speaking 22 Debate how often speak 15 Debate reference to private conversations committee or house happenings prohibit in 23 Decorum of 151719 2125 Division of Question may ask for 1 32 Division of Question duty of Senator asking for 33 Division of Senate may ask for 5 60 Disparaging Remarks prohibiteds 24 Exceptions to words spokenSt 16 Expulsion of 15 Interrogation of through president 21 Laudatory remarks prohibited 24 Messenger duty of to 116 Motion make only one at time 27 Motion must resume seat while motion being put 27 Motion prohibited from making nondebatable when31121 Not voting names of entered in Journal 107 Pairing of not recognized Personal Privilege 126 Preside president may designate Senators to 6 Protest of Senate action by 20 Reading of Papers call for 29 Recognition order of decided by president 3 Retire when required to 19 Retire not allowed to when 12 99 Senators refer to Senators by districts and not by name 18 Special Orders request for 35 Stationery messenger shall supply 116 Unanimous consent right to ask for 39 84 Rule No Vote changing how and when 125 Vote Explanation of1 28 Vote shall not when interestedI 19 Vote refusal to on call of Senatei 12 Voting motion to excuse from 30 Yeas and Nays call for 60 SERGEANTATARMS Duty of on Call of the SenateI 100 Messenger exofficio 99 SIGNATURE OF PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY When required 114 SILENCE Senators preserve 17 SPECIAL COMMITTEE Priority of Motion to commit to73 74 SPECIAL ORDER How obtained 1 35 SUBSTITUTE Bill perfected before 79 Table motion to not in order 52 SUSPENSION OF RULES How accomplished105137138 TABLE MOTION TO Amendment motion to table not in order 52 Amendment motion to table or take from table not subject to 55 Applicable to what 56 Debate motion to table or take from table not subject toi 55 Effect when motion to take from table prevails 53 Information from executive department motion for lie on table one dayr 124 Motion to take from table in order when 53 54 Main Question ordered motion to table not in order 57 58 Presence of 45 Previous question motion for sustained motion to table in order 5758 t 85 Rule No Renewal of motion to table or take from table 54 Substitute not subject toJg 52 Unprivileged motion containing new matter lie on table one day 106 When in order motion to table and take from table 5457 TWOTHIRDS VOTE WHEN NECESSARY Constitution Amendment 129 Expulsion of Senators 15 Yeas and Nays recorded when constitution requires 129 UNANIMOUS CONSENT Explanation of vote by 28 Limitation and regulation of 39 Local bills considered by when 39 New matters consideration by 39 No request to extend time of explanation shall be entertained 28 YEAS AND NAYS Adjournment effect of arrival of hour of while vote being taken byig 51 Adjourn motion to not in order during call of 49 Appropriations record of required on ally 128 Call for after main question ordered 60 Change vote after call of 125 Constitution requiring twothird vote for passage of bill yeas and nays shall be recorded 129 Constitution amendment to required and recorded on5 129 Debate no debate during call of 26 Debate motion or call for not debatable 113 Explanation of vote when vote taken by 28 Excuse from voting motion to must be made before start of 30 Expulsion of Senator vote by 15 Journal show when160128129 Journal show names of Senators not voting on 107 President may order no quorum voting 12 13 Required when 60128129 86 OFFICERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1947 1948 FRED HAND Mitchell County Speaker GEORGE L SMITH II Emanuel County Speaker Pro Tem JOE BOONE Wilkinson County Clerk NEIL GILLIS Treutlen County Reading Clerk JACK GREEN Rabun County Message Clerk H B GARRETT Fulton County Calendar Clerk MARION TOMS Quitman County Doorkeeper HUGH STRIPLIN Heard County Messenger 87 MEMBERS OF THE GEORGIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED ACCORDING TO NAMES WITH COUNTIES AND POST OFFICES FOR THE TERM 19471948 Representative Adams E L Adams Wallace Adams W Roy Addleton R L Anglin Byron C Ansley C C Arnall Henry C Avera Clifford R Bagby George T Bargeron J J Barrett W 0 Jr Battle Charles Beddingfield Leon F Bennett J Julian Black J L Bloodworth John W Bostwick Wilton B Bradley J D Jr Briscoe J E Jr Britton W A Brooke Stafford Bruton D F Byrd Garland T Caldwell H W Callier H Chris Campbell A M Caswell A C Cates Frank M County Post Office Towns Young Harris Wheeler Glenwood Polk Cedartown Spalding Griffin Stewart Lumpkin Lee Smithville Coweta Newnan Crawford Roberta Paul dine Dallas Burke Sardis Pike Zebulon Schley Ellaville Dooly Vienna Barrow Winder Webster Preston Houston Perry Early Arlington Tattnall Glenn ville Walton Monroe Whitfield Dalton Whitfield Dalton Cook Adel Taylor Reynolds Troup LaGrange Talbot Talbotton Newton Mansfield Heard Roopville Burke Waynesboro 88 1 Representative County Post Office Causey Homer LBacon Chalker D CIPulaski Chance Homer LTwiggs Cheek Ben FFranklin Cheshire Robert EColquitt Clark Marvin F JrLiberty Claxton Q LCamden Cochran W B JrThomas Conger Ijj YTiftI Coogle TomMacon Covington DeanFloyd Cowart J D JrCalhoun Cox S N Sr Decatur Crow RayWalker Crowe W JWorth Davis J LBartow Dobbs Emmett 0 JrGwinnett Dorsey Guy CWhite Durden Adie NDougherty Dykes James MarionBleckley Edenfield H CEmanuel Elliott J RobertMuscogee Ellis Henry CCoffee Ethredge J MBaker Etheridge Paul S JrFulton Evans R E JrChatham Eve Henry PRichmond Evitt James JrCatoosa Flynt John J JrSpalding Fowler Alpha A JrDouglas Freeman Robert AUpson Garland Benjamin BButts Garrard H GWilkes Garrett H RBrooks Garrison Frank DHabersham Gary Loren MDQuitman Gibbons JimClay Gibson BartowSeminole Glisson J BEvans Goldberg MyerCoweta Gowen CharlesGlynn Green PaulRabun Alma Hawkinsville Danville Lavonia Moultrie Hinesville Kingsland Thomasville Tifton Oglethorpe Rome Morgan Bainbridge Rossville Sylvester Cartersville Buford Cleveland Albany Cochran Swainsboro Columbus Douglas Leary Rte 2 Atlanta Savannah Augusta Ringgold Griffin Douglasville Thomaston Jackson Washington Quitman Cornelia Georgetown Fort Gaines Donalsonville Claxton Newnan Brunswick Clayton 89 Representative Greene Palmer H Greer John W Groover M E Sr Hagan G Elliott Hall I H Hampton R Tjjj Hand Fred Hardin G M Hardin Clyde Z Hardy C E Harrison C C Harrison Walter Harrison Robert L Hefner J I Henderson D J Hicks M G Higgs Maynard Hill 0 W Hinson Wayne Hobby C J Holbrook Jay L Holleman Ralph M Howard Dr Marcus L Howard Pierre Hubert H O Jr Huddleston Grady L Hurt Paul W Ingle Buford A Jenkins Leroy N Jennings J L Sibley Jennings Theron D Joel J Bi Johnson J Brantleyjjr Johnston Country Jones W HI Jordan Rhodes Kemper Marvin E Kendrick W C Kenimer Zade Kenyon A Richard Key Wm HL Kidd E Culver County Post Office Crisp Cordele Lanier Lakeland Troup T a Grange Screven Sylvania Treutlen Soperton Fannin Mineral Bluff Mitchell Pelham Glascock Gibson Turner Ashburn J ackson Jefferson Jeff Davis Hazelhurst Jenkins Millen Wayne Jesup Pickens Jasper Irwin Odila Floyd Rome Atkinson Axson Meriwether Greenville Ware Waycross Worth Sylvester Forsyth Cummings Muscogee Columbus Dawson Dawsonville DeKalb Decatur DeKalb Decatur Fayette 1 Senoia Polk Rockmart Gordon Resaca Bartow Cartersville Baldwin Milledgeville Sumter Americus Clarke Athens Bulloch Statesboro Lowndes Valdosta Brantley Nab unta Gwinnett Lawrenceville Bibb Macon Fulton Atlanta Harris Waverly Hall Hall Gainesville Jasper Monticello Baldwin Milledgeville 90 Representative King Joe N Knabb Ralph Knight Edgar Leverette Grady Sr Lewis Miles Walker Lewis John C Littlejohn A D Lockett W H Lokey Leonard N Long Fred F Lovett W Herschel McCracken J Roy McMillan W C McWhorter W Hugh Mallard L M Malone Linton G Mann Joseph Mann James C Manous B A11 Mason C R Massey Rufus W Mathews Sam M Mathis J E Mavity John L Meeks W T Jr Mitchell W Buford Miller Henry M Moore G H Moore William R Morgan Tom Morris William S Morrison Walter B Moye A N Moye Lonnie J Jr Murphy James R Neel Lawson Nicholson Robert M Nightingale Bernard N Oden L HJiL Overby Howard T Padgett J E Pearlman W G Pennington Lee W Representative County Post Office Phillips Glenn S Columbia Harlem Pulliam E J Filbert Bowman Rainey Rebecca Laing Terrell Dawson Ramey H Grady Chattooga Summerville Ramsay George B Jr Stephens Toccoa Ray Jack B Warren Norwood Reid Herschel L Carroll Villa Rica Riddlespurger Wm H Colquitt Moultrie Birh Tom PI Decatur Bainbridge Risner T H 4Hart Hartwell Rowland J H Johnson Wrights ville Rucker Oscar Banks Maysville Rte Sabados George Tj Dougherty Albany Salter H Doyal Upson Thomaston Reagraves AF Madison Hull Shields T Lawrence Muscogee Columbus Sills F H Candler Metter Skinner Herbert C Chatham Savannah Smith A B Clayton Jonesboro Smith George Tj TT Emanuel Swainsboro Smith J C Oglethorpe Point Peter Smith Malberry Jr Chatham Savannah Fulton Atlanta Smith Willis Carroll Carrollton Bryan Pembroke Stevens E C Marion Buena Vista Berrien Ray City Thompson G C Meriwether Manchester Richmond Augusta Trulock G B Grady Whigham Twitty Frank S Mitchell Camilla Tuten J A Appling Baxley Tuttle TT G Effingham Oliver Vandiver W Horace Bibb Macon Vickers Micajah Coffee Douglas Walker fl O Ben Hill Fitzgerald Watford Robt L Sr Long Ludowici Wells Jack R Clarke Athens Wells J P Lincoln Lincolnton Welsch Sam J Cobb Marietta Telfair McRae Williams Garland H Toombs Lyons 92 Representative County Post Office Williams Jack i Ware Waycross Williflrns W R Jones Haddock Williams W E McIntosh Meridian Willingham Harold S Cobb Marietta Will011ghhy Ben T Clinch Homerville Wilson Lewis B Bibb Macon Witherington Dr J F Wilcox Pineview Yawn Eugene E Dodge Eastman 93 MEMBERS OF THE GEORGIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BY COUNTIES AND POST OFFICES FOR THE TERM 19471948 County Armlinp1 Representative J A Tntpu Post Office Baxley A tkinsnn Maynard Higgs Axson Rflpnn Homer L Causey Alma Baker J M Ethredge Rte 2 Leary Baldwin J L Sibley Jennings Milledgeville BqlfIwiu E Culver Kidd Milledgeville Banks Oscar Rucker Maysville Rte 1 Barrow J Julian Bennett Winder Bartow J L Davis Cartersville Leroy N Jenkins Cartersville Ben Hill C 0 Bud Walker Fitzgerald Berrien J H Swindle Ray City Bibb Marvin E Kemper Macon Bibb W Horace Vandiver Macon Lewis B Wilson Macon Bleckley James Marion Dykes Cochran Brantley W H Jones Nahunta Brooks HR Garrett Quitman Bryan W K Smith MD Pembroke Bulloch J Brantley Johnson Jr Statesboro Rilllorh L M Mallard Statesboro Burke J J Bargeron Sardis Burke Frank M Cates Waynesboro Butts Benjamin B Garland Jackson Calhoun J D Cowart Jr Morgan Clamden Q L Claxton Kingsland Candler F H Sills Metter Carroll Herschel L Reid Villa Rica Carroll Willis Smith Carrollton 94 County Representative CatoosaJames Evit Jr CharltonRalph Knabb ChathamR E Evans Jr ChathamHerbert C Skinner ChathamMalberry Smith Jr ChattahoocheeJoe N King ChattoogaH Grady Ramey CherokeeB A Manous Clarke jake B Joel Clarkejack R Wells ClayJim Gibbons ClaytonA B Smith Clinch Ben T Willoughby Cobb Sam J Welsch Cobb Harold S Willingham CoffeeHenry C Ellis CoffeeMicajah Vickers ColquittRobert E Cheshire ColquittWm H Riddlespurger ColumbiaGlenn S Phillips CookD F Bruton CowetaHenry C Arnall CowetaMyer Goldberg CrawfordClifford R Avera CrispPalmer H Greene DadeRufus W Massey DawsonDr Marcus L Howard DecaturTom E Rich DecaturS N Cox Sr DeKalbIPierre Howard DeKalbH 0 Hubert Jr DeKalb W Hugh McWhorter DodgeEugene E Yawn DoolyLeon F Beddingfield DoughertyAdie N Durden DoughertyGeorge L Sabados DouglasAlpha A Fowler Jr EarlyrWilton B Bostwick EcholsJ E Padgett EffinghamH C Tuttle ElbertE J Pulliam EmanuelH C Edenfield Post Office Ringgold Moniac Savannah Savannah Savannah Cusseta Summerville Canton Athens Athens Fort Gaines Jonesboro Homerville Marietta Marietta Broxton Douglas Moultrie Moultrie Harlem Adel Newnan Newnan Roberta Cordele Trenton Dawsonville Bainbridge Bainbridge Decatur Decatur Decatur Eastman Vienna Albany Albany Douglasville Arlington Haylow Oliver Bowman Swainsboro 95 County Representative Post Office Flma nn fil George L Smith II Swainsboro Evans J B Glisson Claxton Fannin R T Hampton Mineral Bluff Fayette Grady L Huddleston Senoia Floyd Dean Covington Rome Floyd M G Hicks Rome Floyd A D Littlejohn Rome Forsyth Jav L Holbrook Gumming Franklin Ben F Cheek Lavonia Fulton Paul S Etheridge Jr Atlanta Fill ton W fl Kendrick Atlanta Fulton M M Mugsy Smith Atlanta Gilmer Edgar Knight Ellijay Dlnseoek G M Hardin Gibson Glynn Charles L Gowen Brunswick Glynn Bernard N Nightingale Brunswick Buford A Ingle Resaca Grady G B Trulock Whigham Greene Miles Walker Lewis Greensboro Gwinnett Emmett 0 Dobbs Jr Buford Gwinnett Rhodes Jordan Lawrenceville Habersham Frank D Garrison Cornelia Hall A Richard Kenyon Gainesville Hall Howard T Overby Gainesville Hancock John C Lewis Sparta Haralson James R Murphy Bremen Harris Zade Kenimer Waverly Hall Hart 5 T H Risner Hartwell Heard A C Caswell Roopville Joseph Mann Stockbridge Houston John W Bloodworth Perry Irwin D J Henderson Ocilla Jackson C E Hardy Jefferson Jasper Wm H Key Monticello 0 C Harrison Hazlehurst J Roy McCracken Avera Jenkins Walter Harrison Millen J H Rowland Wrightsville Jones W B Williams Haddock A N Moye Barnesville Lanier John W Greer T ak eland Laurens W Herschel Lovett Dublin 96 County Representative Post Office Laurens Tiinton G Malone Dublin Lee C C Ansley Smithville Liberty Marvin F Clark Tr Hinesville Lincoln J P Wells Lincolnton Long Roht L Watford Sr Ludowici Lowndes Country Johnston Valdosta Lowndes J E Mathis Valdosta Lumpkin O H Moore Dahlonega Macon Tom Coogle Oglethorpe Madison A F Seaeraves Hull Marion E C Stevens Buena Vista McDuffie Leonard N Lokey Thomson McIntosh W E Williams Meridian Meriwether 0 W Hill Greenville Meriwether G C Thompson Manchester Miller Henry M Miller Colquitt Mitchell Fred Hand Pelham Mitchell Frank S Twitty Camilla Monroe W Buford Mitchell Forsyth Montgomery Walter B Morrison Mount Vernon 1 Morgan C R Mason Madison gA Murray Fred F Long Chatsworth Muscogee J Robert Elliott Columbus Muscogee Ralph M Holleman Columbus Muscogee I Lawrence Shields Columbus Newton A M Campbell Mansfield Oconee Robert M Nicholson Watkins ville Oglethorpe J C Smith Point Peter Paulding George T Bagby Dallas it Peach Sam M Mathews Fort Valley 1 Pickens J I Hefner Jasper Pierce L H Oden Blackshear Pike W J Barrett Jr Zebulon Polk a W Roy Adams Cedartown Polk Paul W Hurt Rockmart Pulaski D C Chalker Hawkinsville Putnam Grady Leverette Sr Eatonton Quitman Loren Gqry MD Georgetown V Rabun Paul Green Clayton 4 Randolph W H Lockett Cuthbert Richmond Henry P Eve Augusta Richmond William S Morris Augusta v t n 97 County Representative Post Office Richmond John Bell Towill Augusta Rockdale James C Mann Conyers Schley Charles Buddy Battle Ellaville Screven G Elliott Hagan Syl vania Seminole Bartow Gibson Donalsonville Spalding R L Bob Addleton Griffin Spalding John J Flynt Jr Griffin Stephens George R Ramsay Jr Toccoa Stewart Byron C Anglin Lumpkin Sum ter Theron D Jennings Americus Sumter W G Pearlman Americus Taliaferro William R Moore Sharon Talbot H Chris Callier Talbotton Tattnall J D Bradley Jr Glennville Taylor Garland T Ryrd Reynolds Telfair John K Whaley McRae Terrell Mrs Rebecca L Rainey Dawson Thomas W B Cochran Jr Thomasville Thomas Lawson Neel Thomasville Tift I Y Conger Tifton Toombs Garland H Williams Lyons Towns E L Adams Young Harris Treutlen T H Hall Soperton Troup H W Caldwell LaGrange Troup M E Groover Sr LaGrange Troup Tom Morgan West Point Turner Clyde Z Hardin Ashburn Twiggs Homer L Chance Danville Union W T Meeks Jr Blairsville Upson Robert A Freeman Thomaston Upson H Doyal Salter Thomaston Walker Ray Crow Rossville Walker John L Mavity Rossville Walton J E Briscoe Jr Monroe Ware Wayne Hinson Waycross Ware Jack Williams Waycross Warren Jack B Ray Norwood Washington W C McMillan Sandersville Washington Lonnie J Moye Jr Davisboro Wayne Robert L Harrison Jesup Webster J L Black Preston Wheeler Wallace Adams Glenwood 98 County Representative Post Office White Whitfield Guy C Dorsey W A Hr itton Cleveland Dalton Whitfield Stafford Rrooke Dalton Wilkes Wilcox Wilkinson H G Garrard Dr J F Witherington Too W Pennington Washington Pineview Gordon Worth Worth W J Crowe C J Hobby Sylvester Sylvester P 99 STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TERM 19471948 ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND Oden Chairman Cowart ViceChairman Jordan Secretary Adams of Towns Adams of Wheeler Ansley Avera Campbell Caswell Coogle Dobbs Goldberg Harrison of Jeff Davis Harrison of Wayne Hill Hobby Joel Johnson of Bulloch Jones Kemper King Leverette McMillan w Massey Miller Moore of Taliaferro Moye of Washington Overby Pulliam Rich Risner Vandiver Wilson AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION No ONE Twitty Chairman Hefner Mitchell ViceChairman Byrd Secretary Arnall Bennett Bloodworth Britton Brooke Chalker Cheek Covington Cox Crowe of Worth Dobbs Elliott Etheridge of Fulton Garrison Greer Harrison of Jeff Davis Harrison of Jenkins Harrison of Wayne Henderson Hicks Hill Hobby Holbrook Holleman Howard of DeKalb Huddleston Jordan Kendrick Kenyon Key Lovett McMillan McWhorter Mallard Mann of Henry Mason Mavity Nightingale 102 Riddlespurger Salter Vandiver Walker Williams of Toombs Willoughby Yawn AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION No TWO S Chairman Howard of Dawson of Carroll ViceChairman Hubert of Chatham Secretary Ingle Caswell Jennings of Sumter Cheshire Johnson of Bulloch Clark Johnston of Lowndes Coogle Knabb Crow of Walker Leverette Edenfield Mann of Rockdale Evans Mathews Evitt Overby Garrard Ramey GlisSon Smith of Fulton Goldberg Thompson Gowen To will Hagan Wells of Lincoln Hampton Welsch Hardy Witherington APPROPRIATIONS Crowe of Worth Chairman Mann of Rockdale ViceChairman Reid Secretary Adams of Polk Adams of Wheeler Bagby Bargeron Black Bloodworth Brooke Caswell Cates Causey Cheshire Claxton Durden Ethredge of Baker Evans Evitt Garland Garrison Gibson Gowen Hardin of Turner Hardy Harrison of Jeff Davis Harrison of Wayne Hefner Henderson Hicks 103 t Hobby Holbrook Holleman Howard of DeKalb Jennings of Baldwin Jennings of Sumter Joel Johnson of Bulloch Kemper Kendrick Kenimer Key King Knabb McCracken Mason Mitchell Pearlman Phillips Ray Riddlespurger Sills Skinner Smith of Carroll Smith of Emanuel Smith of Oglethorpe Twitty Whaley Williams of Jones Williams of Ware AUDITING Willoughby Chairman Higgs ViceChairman Glisson Secretary Adams of Polk Addleton Barrett Battle Hardin of Turner Harrison of Jeff Davis Hicks Holbrook Howard of DeKalb Jones Jordan King Long Moore of Taliaferro Morris Reid Risner Rowland Trulock Tuttle Walker AVIATION Harrison of Jenkins Chairman Fowler ViceChairman Eve Secretary Arnall Beddingfield Bradley Briscoe Coogle Edenfield Etheridge of Fulton Evans Flynt Freeman Garland Greene of Crisp Higgs Hinson Howard of DeKalb Huddleston Hurt 104 Jennings of Baldwin Johnston of Lowndes Kenimer Lewis of Hancock McWhorter Mann of Rockdale Massey Mathis Morgan Neel Overby Pearlman Pulliam Rainey Ramsay Salter Smith of Chatham Smith of Emanuel Smith of Fulton Stevens To will Tuten Wells Williams of Ware Wilson BANKS AND BANKING Hall Chairman Holleman ViceChairman Edenfield Secretary Arnall iSt r Avera Chance Cheshire Cochran Dykes Ellis Garrard Garrett Gibson Goldberg Greene of Crisp Hardy Hefner Henderson Howard of Dawson Howard of DeKalb Hurt Kemper Kenimer Kenyon Lockett McMillan Manous Mason Miller Moore of Lumpkin Morgan Morris Morrison Moye of Lamar Oden Pearlman Rainey Ramsay Riddlespurger Rowland Salter Smith of Oglethorpe Vandiver Vickers Walker Wells of Clarke Williams of Jones Wilson 105 COMMERCE Arnall Chairman A VERA ViceChairman Bruton Secretary Adams of Polk Adams of Towns Ansley Beddingfield Bloodworth Campbell Clark Conger Crow of Walker Davis Eve Freeman Glisson Groover Hampton Hardy Harrison of Jeff Davis Hurt Kenyon King Knabb Leverette Lockett Lokey Mathis Mitchell Morgan Oden Overby Pennington Rich Sabados Seagraves Sills Stevens Wells of Clarke Williams of McIntosh Willingham CONSERVATION Sills Chairman Harrison of Jenkins Causey ViceChairman Black Secretary Brooke Chance Claxton Cowart Edenfield Ellis Evans Garland Garrison Gary Gibbons Gibson Greer Hagan Hall Henderson Hinson Howard of Dawson Jennings of Baldwin Johnston of Lowndes Jones Jordan Knight Leverette Lewis of Hancock Mann of Rockdale Manous Mason Morrison Nightingale Padgett Risner 106 Smith of Bryan Vickers Smith of Chatham Watford Smith of Fulton Williams of Ware Stevens Willoughby Tuten Witherington Tuttle Yawn CORPORATIONS n Chairman Harrison of Jeff Davis ire ViceChairman Hill Secretary Howard of DeKalb Addleton Huddleston Arnall Hurt Barrett Johnson of Bulloch Battle Littlejohn Bennett Lockett Bostwick Massey Bradley Mitchell Briscoe Moye of Lamar Bruton Moye of Washington Caswell Nightingale Chance Ramsay Coogle Reid Covington Rich Dobbs Risner Elliott Rowland Freeman Sabados Garrard Seagraves Garrett Skinner Groover Smith of Carroll Hagan To will Hardin of Turner Vandiver Hardy Willingham COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS Ramey Chairman Hefner ViceChairman Rainey Secretary Aver a Bargeron Bloodworth Bostwick Briscoe Cheek Crow of Walker Crowe of Worth Dykes 107 Giisson Mathews Greene of Crisp Mathis Greer A L Meeks Harrison of Wayne Pennington Henderson a Riddlespurger Higgs n Rowland Hobby Stevens Jones Trulock Kidd Vickers Lokey Walker Lovett Wells of Lincoln McWhorter Williams of Jones Mallard Williams of Toombs Mann of Henry Yawn Mann of Rockdale DRAINAGE Smith of Emanuel Chairman Knabb Bargeron ViceChairman Gibson Shields Secretary Gowen Adams of Wheeler Groover Ansley Harrison of Wayne Battle Littlejohn Britton Mann of Henry Caldwell Mathews Cates Mitchell Durden Morrison Evitt Ramey Kenirner Sills Key Willoughby Kidd EDUCATION No ONE Kenimer Chairman Bloodworth Henderson ViceChairman Conger Meeks Secretary Covington Anglin Cox Bargeron Ellis Barrett Fowler Beddingfield Garrard Bennett Garrison pi 108 Goldberg Moye of Washington Hampton Neel Hardy Pearlman Harrison of Jeff Davis Reid Harrison of Jenkins Rowland Hefner Seagraves Higgs Smith of Carroll Hinson Thompson Holbrook Tuttle Howard of DeKalb Vandiver Jennings of Baldwin Vickers Johnson of Bulloch Walker McWhorter Wells of Lincoln Mann of Rockdale Williams of Jones Manous Williams of Toombs Mason Witherington Moore of Taliaferro Yawn Morris EDUCATION No TWO Murphy Chairman Freeman Caldwell ViceChairman Garrett Garland Secretary Gibbons Adams of Towns Hardin of Turner rnall Hobby Black Howard of Dawson Bostwick Hurt Briscoe Ingle Britton Johnston of Lowndes Bruton Kidd Byrd Knabb Campbell Leverette Causey McMillan Chance Mallard Cheek Massey Clark Miller Coogle Oden Cowart Padgett Crowe of Worth Salter Edenfield Skinner Evans Smith of OgletJjprpe Eve Stevens 4 109 t T witty Trulock Tuten ENGROSSING COMMITTEE Claxton Chairman Hobby ViceChairman Briscoe Secretary Addleton Anglin Campbell Chalker Dorsey Gibbons Green of Rabun Hardin of Glascock Harrison of Jeff Davis Hinson Joel Jones Key Morgan Moye of Washington Nightingale Riddlespurger Smith of Bryan Thompson Tuten Wither ington ENROLLMENT Ansley Chairman Mitchell ViceChairman Howard of DeKalb Secretary Adams of Polk Avera Bagby Barrett Battle Bennett Bradley Britton Bruton Caswell Clark Callier Conger Coogle Cowart Cox Crow of Walker Davis Dobbs Ellis Flynt Fowler Freeman Garland Garrard Howard of Dawson Huddleston Ingle Jordan Knight Leverette Lockett McCracken Massey Mathis Meeks Miller Moye of Washington Nicholson Overby Padgett Pennington Reid Rich 110 Risner Towill Rowland Salter Seagraves Sills Vandiver Williams of Ware Willingham Yawn EXCUSE OF MEMBERS ABSENT WITHOUT LEAVE Riddlespurger Chairman Johnston of Lowndes Goldberg ViceChairman Holbrook Secretary Bagby Black Campbell Caswell Chance Cox Evans Eve Garland Garrett Gibbons Harrison of Jenkins Harrison of Wayne Holleman Howard of DeKalb Huddleston Jordan Kenimer King Littlejohn Mallard Morgan Moye of Lamar Neel Nightingale Oden Overby Ramsay Risner Salter Smith of Carroll Smith of Chatham Smith of Clayton Wells of Clarke GAME AND FISH Walker Chairman Go wen ViceChairman Johnston of Lowndes Secretary Adams of Polk Adams of Wheeler Bargeron Beddingfield Black Briscoe Bruton Causey Cheshire Clark Claxton Cochran Coogle Covington Dobbs Dorsey Edenfield Ethredge of Baker Evans Evitt Garrard 111 Gibson McWhorter Glisson Mann of Henry Greene of Crisp Mann of Rockdale Greer Mason Hagan Massey Hall Meeks Harrison of Wayne Padgett Henderson Rich Higgs Risner Hobby Salter Holbrook Sills Ingle Smith of Fulton Jennings of Baldwin Stevens Johnson of Bulloch Trulock Kidd Tuten Knight Tuttle Leverette Walker Lewis of Hancock Williams of McIntosh Long McMillan Williams of Ware GENERAL AGRICULTURE No ONE Mason Chairman Harrison of Jeff Davis Swindle ViceChairman Henderson Moye of Lamar Secretary Higgs Addleton Hinson Barrett Hobby Bennett Holbrook Bloodworth Hurt Briscoe Jennings of Sumter Chance Kenimer Clark King Cochran Knabb Coogle Knight Crowe of Worth Lockett Ellis Lokey Ethredge of Baker Lovett Flynt McWhorter Fowler Mallard Garrett Mann of Henry Gary Mathis Gibbons Miller Greene of Crisp Hall Padgett 112 Rainey Tuten Reid Risner Rowland Stevens Wells of Lincoln Williams of Jones Witherington Yawn GENERAL AGRICULTURE No TWO Dykes Chairman Dorsey Battle ViceChairman Cox Secretary Adams of Towns Anglin Avera Beddingfield Black Bostwick Bradley Bruton Byrd Caswell Causey Chalker Cheek Conger Davis Dobbs Edenfield Garland Gibson Glisson Jennings of Baldwin Johnson of Bulloch Leverette McMillan Meeks Nicholson Pearlman Pennington Rich Tuttle Twitty Vandiver Watford GENERAL JUDICIARY No ONE Lewis of Hancock Chairman Garland To will ViceChairman Johnson of Bulloch Secretary Anglin Beddingfield Bennett Causey Cheshire Clark Crow of Walker Davis Dobbs Flynt Goldberg Harrison of Jeff Davis Harrison of Jenkins Hollem an Jordan Kemper Kenimer McMillan Mason Meeks Morgan Murphy 113 Sabados Willingham Smith of Carroll Willoughby Smith of Chatham Yawn Williams of Toombs GENERAL JUDICIARY No TWO Chairman Lokey e ViceChairman McCracken er Secretary Mathews Bloodworth Mavity Cheek Meeks Covington Mitchell Crowe of Worth Moore of Lumpkin Durden Morris Elliott Overby Etheridge of Fulton Riddlespurger Garrard Sills Gowen Smith of Emanuel Hagan Thompson Howard of DeKalb Twitty Hubert Vandiver Johnston of Lowndes Walker Kenyon Welsch Key Whaley GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF Beddingfield Chairman Coogle ViceChairman Nightingale Secretary Avera Barrett Bruton Caswell Cheshire Cochran Conger Davis Edenfield Garrard Gary Gibbons Hardin of Glascock Hicks Hubert Joel Knabb Lewis of Greene Littlejohn Mann of Rockdale Mathis Moye of Lamar Risner Sabados Smith of Clayton Smith of Oglethorpe Stevens Williams of McIntosh 114 GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM Pennington Chairman Hefner Kidd ViceChairman Henderson Freeman Secretary Hicks Arnall Hinson Bagby Hobby Bennett Howard of Dawson Bloodworth Jennings of Baldwin Bostwick Kemper Bradley Lockett Brooke Lovett Campbell McWhorter Causey Mallard Chance Malone Cheek Mason Callier Miller Cox Morris Dobbs Moye of Lamar Dorsey Oden Dykes Pulliam Ellis Ramsay Ethredge of Baker Rich Evitt Riddlespurger Fowler Risner Garrett Stevens Gary Towill Glisson Vickers Greer Wells of Clarke Hagan Williams of Jones Hardin of Glascock Willoughby Hardy Wilson HALLS AND ROOMS Hardy Chairman Causey Moye of Washington ViceChmn Cheek Adams of Polk Secretary Covington Adams of Wheeler Dykes Bennett Etheridge of Fulton Bostwick Glisson Brooke Greene of Crisp Brutctn Hardin of Turner 115 Harrison of Jenkins Riddlespurger Higgs Shields Hill Smith of Carroll Jennings of Baldwin Swindle Lovett Thompson McCracken Trulock Neel Twitty Pearlman Watford Pennington Wells of Clarke Ray Welsch Rich Yawn HISTORICAL RESEARCH r Chairman Green of Rabun ViceChairman Hardin of Turner sell Secretary Howard of DeKalb Adams of Polk Ingle Addleton J enkins Avera Johnston of Lowndes Bagby Jordan Barrett Kenimer Black Lockett Bradley Lokey Caldwell Manous Caswell Padgett Claxton Reid Coogle Sabados Cowart Skinner Crow of Walker Smith of Chatham Davis Stevens Durden Swindle Garland Welsch Garrard Willingham Gibbons HYGIENE AND SANITATION Ray Chairman Salter ViceChairman Smith of Fulton Secretary Barger on Byrd Causey Callier Covington Crow of Walker Ellis 116 Gary Neel Goldberg Nicholson Harrison of Jeff Davis Riddlespurger Howard of Dawson Rowland Hubert Smith of Chatham Kidd Smith of Emanuel Malone Smith of Oglethorpe Mann of Rockdale Trulock Mavity Vickers Meeks Witherington Murphy INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Kendrick Chairman Etheridge of Fulton Skinner ViceChairman Goldberg Cochran Secretary Harrison of Jenkins Adams of Towns Holleman Addleton Howard of DeKalb Arnall Littlej ohn Bagby Lokey Bargeron Lovett Bennett McCracken Brooke Mavity Caldwell Phillips Crow of Walker Ray Durden Sabados Ethredge of Baker Wilson INSURANCE Phillips Chairman Covington Evans ViceChairman Crowe of Worth McCracken Secretary Elliott Adams of Wheeler Ethredge of Baker Ansley Etheridge of Fulton Arnall Evans Avera Fowler Barrett Hampton Battle Jennings of Baldwin Callier Kendrick Causey Key Chance Leverette Littlejohn Salter Lovett Smith of Carroll McMillan Smith of Emanuel Morrison Smith of Fulton Rainey Vandiver Ray Walker Risner Whaley Rowland INTERSTATE COOPERATION Durden Chairman Etheridge of Fulton Phillips ViceChairman McCracken Ray Secretary Smith of Emanuel INVALID PENSIONS AND SOLDIERS HOME Dorsey Chairman Key Gary ViceChairman King Tuttle Secretary Lewis of Greene Avera Lockett Bruton Manous Chalker McMillan Claxton Meeks Coogle Miller Cowart Mitchell Davis Moye of Lamar Eve Moye of Washington Flynt Nightingale Garland Oden Garrett Padgett Hampton Pennington Hardin of Glascock Ramsay Hardin of Turner Reid Hardy Rich Harrison of Jeff Davis Riddlespurger Hefner Risner Hobby Rowland Holbrook Rucker Howard of DeKalb Smith of Chatham Hubert Tuten Johnston of Lowndes Yawn Kenimer 118 JOURNALS Nicholson Chairman Trulock ViceChairman Dobbs Secretary Adams of Polk Adams of Towns Black Briscoe Caldwell Callier Campbell Caswell Chalker Chance Cochran Cox Crow of Walker Davis Durden Evans Garrett Gibbons Higgs Jennings of Sumter Littlejohn Malone Seagraves Smith of Bryan Thompson Twitty Walker Williams of Ware Willingham LEGISLATIVE AND CONGRESSIONAL REAPPORTIONMENT Mallard Chairman Salter ViceChairman Miller Secretary Adams of Polk Anglin Bagby Barrett Bruton Causey Cochran Cowart Ellis Fowler Freeman Garrard Gibson Green of Rabun Hardy Harrison of Jeff Davis Harrison of Jenkins Hefner Hobby Holleman Hubert Huddleston Jenkins Jennings of Sumter Jordan King Lockett Massey Meeks Morgan Moye of Lamar Murphy Oden Padgett Reid Sills Twitty 119 MANUFACTURERS e Chairman Hubert worth ViceChairman Ingle of Oglethorpe Secretary Joel Adams of Polk Kemper Adams of Towns Kendrick Addleton Kenyon Anglin Malone Arnall Mitchell Beddingfield Moore of Lumpkin Caldwell Morgan Callier Rainey Cheshire Rowland Covington Shields Crowe of Worth Skinner Dykes Smith of Clayton Evans Wells of Clarke Freeman Wells of Lincoln Groover Welsch Hampton Williams of Jones Hardin of Turner Williams of McIntosh Hill Wilson Holleman MILITARY AFFAIRS Mathews Chairman Vandiver ViceChairman Huddleston Secretary Anglin Briscoe Britton Byrd Campbell Cox Davis Dorsey Elliott Goldberg Hicks Howard of Dawson Jennings of Baldwin Jennings of Sumter Joel Jordan Johnson of Bulloch Kenyon Lokey McMillan Nightingale Ramsay Rucker Sabados Smith of Chatham To will Watford Whaley Willingham Wilson 120 MINES AND MINING t Moore of Lumpkin Chairman Davis VicdChairman Long Secretary Ansley Arnall Avera Bloodworth Britton Callier Chance Cox Dobbs Dorsey Garrard MOTOR Adams of Wheeler Chairman Cates ViceChairman Hagan Secretary Adams of Towns Ansley Bagby Bargeron Beddingfield Briscoe Caswell Causey Chalker Covington Crow of Walker Dorsey Durden Dykes Edenfield Ethredge of Baker Etheridge of Fulton Flynt Garrison Gowen Greer Hall Glisson Hubert Jenkins Knight Massey Pulliam Ramey Risner Seagraves Smith of Oglethorpe Trulock Wells of Lincoln Williams of Toombs VEHICLES Hardin of Turner Hinson Hurt Joel Kendrick Kemper Key Lewis of Hancock Littlejohn McCracken McMillan Mallard Mavity Morrison Neel Oden Padgett Pearlman Phillips Ramey Ray Reid Sills Smith of Emanuel 121 Smith of Fulton Vandiver Smith of Oglethorpe Wells of Lincoln Thompson Whaley Tuttle MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT Thompson Chairman Wells of Clarke ViceChairman Lokey Secretary Adams of Polk Addleton Brooke Cheshire Conger Ethredge of Baker Etheridge of Fulton Green of Rabun Greer Hicks Hill Hubert Hurt Johnson of Bulloch Johnston of Lowndes Kendrick Knight Lokey Lovett Mathews Mavity Miller Oden Overby Pennington Rainey Salter Seagraves Swindle Thompson PENITENTIARY Hill Chairman Hardin of Turner ViceChairman Williams of Toombs Secretary Adams of Polk Adams of Towns Anglin Bagby Bloodworth Chalker Cheek Conger Covington Crow of Walker Crowe of Worth Etheridge of Fulton Evans Glisson Goldberg Greer Hagan Hall Hardin of Glascock Henderson Hicks Higgs Holbrook Joel Jones Jordan Knight Littlejohn Lokey McWhorter Mallard Mann of Henry 122 Manous Smith of Bryan Mathews Thompson Mavity Tuten Meeks Vickers Morris Walker Rainey Willoughby Reid Sills Wither ingt on PENSIONS Williams of Ware Chairman Harrison of Wayne Mann of Henry ViceChairman Hefner Groover Secretary Hubert Addleton Ingle Bostwick Johnson of Bulloch Britton Kemper Bruton Kendrick Callier Manous Campbell Mason Chance Massey Claxton Moore of Lumpkin Cochran Morgan Cowart Murphy Cox Padgett Davis Rucker Eve Shields Flynt Sills Garland Smith of Clayton Gibbons Tuttle Gibson Willingham Goldberg Wilson PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS Knabb Chairman Davis Clark ViceChairman Dobbs Garrard Secretary Durden Bagby Ethredge of Baker Battle Gibbons Bargeron Groover Black Hagan Cowart Hampton 123 Hill Mitchell Holleman Risner Howard of Dawson Tuttle Huddleston Walker Kenyon Welsch King PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR Greer Chairman Kemper ViceChairman Ramsay Secretary Addleton Barrett Caldwell Callier Caswell Cheshire Claxton Cochran Cowart Eve Freeman Garland Garrett Glisson Hardin Harrison of Wayne Hefner Ingle Jenkins Jones Jordan Kendrick Lockett Miller Oden Ramsay Williams of McIntosh Williams of Ware PUBLIC HIGHWAYS No ONE Cates Chairman Bagby ViceChairman Pearlman Secretary Adams of Wheeler Avera Bloodworth Briscoe Cochran Conger Crowe of Worth Dorsey Dykes Edenfield Ellis Freeman Green of Rabun Greene of Crisp Gowen Hinson Holbrook Jennings of Baldwin Knight Littlejohn Lokey Long McMillan Mann of Henry Meeks Miller Moore of Lumpkin Neel 124 Nicholson Padgett Pearlman Ramsay Smith of Oglethorpe Williams of Jones Willoughby Witherington PUBLIC HIGHWAYS No TWO Jennings of Sumter Chairman Gibson ViceChairman Bostwick Secretary Anglin Amali Boyd Cheek Clark Callier Cochran Elliott Fowler Goldberg Hardin of Glascock Harrison of Jeff Davis Hurt Kenyon Kidd McWhorter Manous Meeks Moye of Washington Rich Rucker Seagraves Swindle Tuttle Twitty Wells of Clarke Williams of Toombs PUBLIC LIBRARY Rowland Chairman Manous ViceChairman Smith of Clayton Secretary Addleton Ansley Bradley Britton Bruton Caswell Chalker Cochran Edenfield Evitt Groover Hall Hampton Hardin of Turner Howard of DeKalb Jennings of Sumter Lewis of Greene Lokey Rainey Shields Smith of Clayton Smith of Oglethorpe Trulock Wells of Clarke Wilson Willoughby 125 PUBLIC PRINTING Anglin Chairman McWhorter ViceChairman Williams of Ware Secretary Battle Black Byrd Elliott Evans Eve Flynt Fowler Gibson Ingle Jenkins Kenyon Littlejohn Malone Moore of Lumpkin Moye of Washington Rucker Salter Shields Swindle Vickers Williams of McIntosh Willingham PUBLIC PROPERTY Vickers Chairman Barrett ViceChairman Hampton Secretary Adams of Towns Bagby Briscoe Callier Campbell Chance Evans Freeman Garrard Garrett Gibbons Green of Rabun Hall Hardin of Glascock Hinson Johnson of Bulloch Knight Lockett Long Moore of Taliaferro Morris Morrison Moye of Washington Nicholson Ramey Risner Seagraves Skinner Towill Watford Welsch Williams of Jones PUBLIC UTILITIES Chance Chairman Mathis ViceChairman Hurt Secretary Addleton Bagby Barrett Beddingfield Bostwick Briscoe Brooke 126 Byrd Jenkins Caldwell Chalker t Cochran Crow of Walker Ethredge of Baker c Garland Glisson Goldberg Greer Hardin of Turner Key Mason Mavity Neel Pearlman Rainey Rich Rucker Smith of Bryan PUBLIC WELFARE Whaley Chairman Kidd Mavity ViceChairman Bennett Secretary Bargeron Byrd Callier Chalker Cheshire Claxton Crow of Walker Crowe of Worth Davis Dorsey Ellis Eve Evitt Gary Green of Rabun Hinson Jennings of Baldwin Jennings of Sumter Jones Knabb Lewis of Greene Lokey Malone Mann of Henry Manous Morris Murphy Nicholson Pulliam Shields Smith of Clayton Smith of Oglethorpe To will Trulock Tuttle Williams of McIntosh Williams of Toombs Willingham Witherington RAILROADS Welsch Chairman Amali Witherington ViceChairman Battle Green of Rabun Secretary Adams of Polk Black Bloodworth 127 Bradley Britton Brooke Byrd Chalker Claxton Cochran Elliott Etheridge of Fulton Eve Gowen Greene of Crisp Groover Mr Speaker Chairman Elliott ViceChairman Twitty Secretary Adams of Wheeler Ansley Bargeron Bennett Bradley Byrd Caldwell Cates Cheek Coogle Dykes Etheridge of Fulton Flynt Garrison Gary Hagan Hicks Hill Hubert Huddleston Jennings of Baldwin Jennings of Sumter Kenimer Hampton Hardin of Glascock Holleman Kendrick Long Neel Nicholson Seagraves Smith of Oglethorpe Towill Vickers Williams of Ware Willoughby RULES Key Lewis of Hancock Littlejohn Lovett McCracken McMillan Mann of Rockdale Mathis Pennington Phillips Rainey Ramey Ray Riddlespurger Shields Sills Smith of Chatham Smith of Emanuel Smith of Fulton Swindle Welsch Whaley Williams of Toombs Willoughby Wilson Yawn 128 SANITARIUM AT ALTO AND ROME Littlejohn Chairman Garrison ViceChairman Adams of Towns Secretary Bagby Battle Black Britton Byrd Chalker Clark Dorsey Green of Rabun Greene of Crisp Hicks Howard of Dawson Jenkins Johnson of Bulloch Lewis of Greene Long Mann of Henry Moore of Lumpkin Morrison Ramsay Rucker Skinner Smith of Bryan Smith of Clayton Smith of Oglethorpe Swindle WitVinnofton SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS Harrison of Wayne Chairman Garrett ViceChairman Greene of Crisp Secretary Anglin Arnall Barrett Bostwick Bruton Caldwell Campbell Clark Cochran Conger Hall Hurt Ingle Jenkins Knight Leverette Lokey Malone Massey Mathis Meeks Morgan Moye of Lamar Moyo of Washington Pulliam Ramey Ramsay Rowland Rucker Salter Seagraves Shields Smith of Clayton Stevens Towill Welsch Wilson 129 SPECIAL JUDICIARY Cheek Chairman Bennett ViceChairman Addleton Secretary Brooke Etheridge of Fulton Garrison Green of Rabun Higgs Holleman Huddleston Lewis of Greene Long McMillan Malone Mathews Meeks Mitchell 4 Moye of Washington Murphy Overby Pulliam Ramsay Riddlespurger Rucker Smith of Oglethorpe Thompson Williams of McIntosh STATE OF REPUBLIC McCracken Chairman Kenimer Morrison ViceChairman Whaley Secretary Adams of Wheeler Anglin Ansley Bennett Black Bradley Brooke Cates Cheek Crowe of Worth Dykes Elliott Gary Glisson Groover Hall Harrison of Wayne Hill Jennings of Baldwin Jennings of Sumter Johnston of Lowndes Kendrick Knabb Knight Lewis of Hancock Lovett Mann of Rockdale Mathews Mavity Overby Pearlman Pennington Rainey Ray Rowland Shields Sills Smith of Carroll Smith of Emanuel Stevens Twitty Walker of Ben Hill Wells of Lincoln Williams of McIntosh Williams of Toombs 130 STATE PRISON FARM Watford Chairman Mathis Bradley ViceChairman Moore of Taliaferro Harrison of Wayne Secretary Murphy Beddingfield Overby Britton Pulliam Callier Rucker Clark Sills Dorsey Smith of Bryan Evitt Smith of Carroll Glisson Smith of Clayton Greene of Crisp Tuttle Kidd Twitty Leverette Wells of Lincoln Lewis of Greene Williams of Jones Mallard Williams of Mclntos Malone Williams of Toombs TEMPERANCE Ethredge of Baker Chairman Hinson Yawn ViceChairman Johnson of Bulloch Phillips Secretary Kemper Ansley Kendrick Bargeron Key Battle Knabb Claxton Littlejohn Durden Morris Edenfield Nightingale Etheridge of Fulton Phillips Evans Skinner Garrison Smith ofChatham Gowen Smith of Emanuel Greer Smith of Fulton Hall Whaley TRAINING SCHOOLS Williams of Jones Chairman Bagby Morgan ViceChairman Battle Jennings of Baldwin Secretary Beddingfield Adams of Towns Black 131 Bostwick Briscoe Byrd Callier Caswell Chance Cheshire Claxton Evitt Garrett Green of Rabun Greene of Crisp Hampton Hardin of Glascock Kidd King Howard of Dawson Huddleston Hurt Ingle Leverette Lewis of Green Lokey Malone Mathis Moore of Lumpkin Morrison Overby Pennington Rich Rucker Smith of Oglethorpe Tuten Williams of McIntosh Willingham Wilson UNIFORM STATE LAWS Jones of Brantley Chairman Leverette ViceChairman Jenkins Secretary Adams of Polk Battle Bradley Brooke Cheek Durden Elliott Greene of Crisp Long Morrison Moye of Washington Murphy Pulliam Shields Smith of Bryan Smith of Carroll Smith of Clayton Stevens Swindle Trulock Tuten Watford Welsch Williams of Jones UNIVERSITY Smith df Bryan Chairman Morris ViceChairman Joel Secretary Anglin SYSTEM OF GEORGIA Amali Bagby Bargeron Bennett Bostwick Jennings of Sumter Bradley Johnson of Bulloch Briscoe Johnston of Lowndes Britton Kenyon Caldwell Key Conger Kidd Covington Lewis of Greene Crow of Walker Manous Dobbs Mathis Dorsey Mavity Ellis Moore of Taliaferro Evitt Morrison Fowler Moye of Washington Flynt Murphy Gary Nicholson Garrison Nightingale Gowen Oden Greene of Crisp Overby Green of Rabun Pearlman Hagan Phillips Hardy Ray Harrison of Jenkins Sabados Higgs Smith of Chatham Hill Wells of Clarke Hubert Williams of McIntosh Huddleston Willingham Hurt VETERANS AFFAIRS Bargeron Chairman Eve Neel ViceChairman Fowler Covington Secretary Flynt Bagby Garland Battle Hagan Beddingfield Hicks Bennett Higgs Bruton Hinson Bradley Holleman Chance Howard of DeKalb Crowe of Worth Ingle Durden Jennings of Sumter Evans 133 Jenkins Morgan Johnston of Lowndes Kemper Kidd Long Lovett Massey Mathis Moye of Washington Overby Pulliam Shields Stevens Wells of Clarke Williams of Toombs WAYS AND MEANS Lovett Chairman Willingham ViceChairman Overby Secretary Adams of Wheeler Avera Bargeron Beddingfield Briscoe Cates Chalker Cheek Cochran Dorsey Durden Dykes Edenfield Elliott Eve Fowler Garrard Gowen Greer Groover Harrison of Jenkins Harrison of Wayne Hicks Holleman Hubert Jones Jordan Key Kidd Littlejohn Lokey McCracken McWhorter Mann of Rockdale Mason Mathews Mavity Mitchell Morrison Murphy Neel Nicholson Nightingale Pennington Phillips Ray Rich Sabados Shields Swindle Smith of Bryan Smith of Emanuel Thompson Trulock Twitty Vandiver Walker Watford Whaley 134 Williams of Jones Wilson Yawn y WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD Evitt Chairman Hinson ViceChairman Ingle Secretary Adams of Polk Adams of Towns Addleton Anglin Ansley Arnall Avera Bagby Bargeron Barrett Beddingfield Black Bloodworth Britton Brooke Caldwell Clark Coogle Covington Crow of Walker Edenfield Flynt Freeman Garrett Garrison Gibbons Gibson Glisson Green of Rabun Greene of Crisp Groover Hagan Hampton Hardin of Glascock Henderson Holbrook Howard of Dawson Jenkins Johnson of Bulloch Jones Jordan Kendrick King Knight Lewis of Greene Long Mann of Henry Mann of Rockdale Massey Mavity Moore of Taliaferro Overby Ramey Ray Reid Shields Smith of Oglethorpe Stevens Thompson Twitty Williams of McIntosh Williams of Toombs Willoughby 135 RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 137 THE SPEAKER Rule 1 The Speaker shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful Rule 2 In all cases of election by the House the Speaker shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the House be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the Speaker shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member Rule 3 When two or more members shall rise at the same time the Speaker shall name the person entitled to proceed Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House Rule 5 The method of stating a question or any motion by the Speaker after the same has been read to the House by the Clerk shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the Speaker or a division of the House is called for by any one member of the House the Speaker shall call upon the members in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their positions and the Speaker shall announce the result Discretion of Speaker When Speaker shall vote Right of member to the floor to be decided by the speaker Appointment of Committees Methods of stating a question by Speaker 139 Speaker may name members to preside Duty of Clerk when Speaker is absent Appeals from ruling of the Speaker When no debate on appeals Appeals to be made at once Rule 6 The Speaker may during a days sitting name any member to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the Speaker shall be absent the Speaker pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Clerk of the House shall call the House to Order and shall preside until a Speaker pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the House The Speaker pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease Rule 8 Should any member of the House be dissatisfied with the ruling of the Speaker on any point he shall rise and respectfully address the Speaker and say I appeal from the decision of the Chair The Speaker will then state to the House the point ruled on and his decision on it and shall then put the question of appeal to the House as follows All in favor of the decision of the Chair standing as the sense of this House will say Aye Those opposed will say No and the decision of the House in sustaining or overruling the Speaker shall be final Rule 9 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate Rule 10 All appeals from the decision of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made 140 Rule 11 Where debate is permissible on appeals from the decision of the Chair any member after being recognized by the Speaker may address his remarks directly to the House Rule 12 The Speaker shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the House within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the House may see fit to take in the premises Rule 13 The Speaker shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the House cleared by the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the House to be dealt with for contempt of the House Rule 14 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the House the Speaker may order the bar of the House to be closed and the roll of members called by the Clerk and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the House and if any member present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the House Rule 15 The Speaker may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays where a division of the House discloses the fact that a quorum of the House has not voted When members may address the House Power of Speaker to suspend subordinate officers When Speaker may order galleries and lobbies cleared No quorum voting duty of Speaker When Speaker may order vote taken by yeas and nays 141 Decisions on questions of priority Conduct of members in debate Time extended how Expulsion Rule 16 All questions as to the priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the Speaker without debate i ON DECORUM AND DEBATE Rule 17 When any member is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the House he shall rise and respectfully address himself to Mr Speaker He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject or more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken No member of the House shall occupy the floor longer than one 1 hour in debating any question unless otherwise ordered by the House and any motion to limit or extend the time of individual speeches shall be decided without debate No such motion shall prevail unless it shall receive the affirmative votes of twothirds of those voting Such motion may be made at any time that the movant thereof may legitimately obtain the floor If any member in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the House the Speaker shall call him to order in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The House shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the House be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offense shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the House by a twothirds vote of the members which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays and recorded on the Journal of the House 142 Rule 18 If any member be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Clerk and read then admitted denied or explained by the member who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the House may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at any time the House is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main questions have been exhausted or until such further time as may then be ordered by the House But no member shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the House for words spoken in debate if any other member has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken Rule 19 The members of the House shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking member shall have taken his seat Rule 20 The members shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the place in which they may be or the county they represent Rule 21 No member shall address the House except as heretofore stated in case of appeals or interrogate a member who is speaking except through the Speaker and should the member speaking decline to be interrupted the Speaker shall cause the member desiring to interrogate to be silent Exception to words spoken Proviso Silence Mode of designating members House how addressed Questions and interruptions 143 Shall not vote when interested in result Protests Smoking and conversation prohibited Duty while member is speaking and at adjournment Matters transpiring in Senate Committees and private conversation not to be referred to Laudatory and disparaging remarkp when forbidden Rule 22 No member shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is immediately and particularly interested In every case where the seat of a member is being contested the sitting member and the contestant shall both retire from the House before the vote is taken Rule 23 Any member may enter a protest in writing against the action of the House said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the House nor any member thereof and such protest shall be entered by the Clerk upon the Journal of the House Rule 24 No member shall converse with any one over the bar of the House Rule 25 No member shall be permitted to enter upon the floor of the House or remain thereon in an intoxicated condition and the Messenger and the Doorkeepers of the House are specially charged with the rigid enforcement of this rule Rule 26 No member shall pass between the Chair and a member while he is speaking nor shall any member at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the Speaker retires Rule 27 No member shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another member or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the Senate Rule 28 In nominating candidates for any office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged 144 Rule 29 Applause or hisses in the Representative chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed Rule 30 During the calling or reading of yeas and nays on any question no debate shall be had Rule 31 No member can make more than one motion at a time and while the motion is being put to the House he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the Speaker Rule 32 On all questions except such as are not debatable any member on the call of the ayes and nays shall as a matter of right be allowed three minutes in which to explain his vote Where the vote on any question is not taken by ayes and nays no member shall be allowed to explain except by unanimous consent of the House No motion shall be entertained to vary this rule nor to extend a members time for explaining Rule 33 When the reading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any member it shall be determined by a vote of the House and this motion shall be decided without debate Rule 34 Every member within the hall when a question is put shall vote unless he is immediately and particularly interested therein or the House shall excuse him A motion to excuse a member from voting must be made before the House divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without Applause and hisses forbidden No debate during yeas and nays Only one motion can be made at a time Explanation Reading of papers When members shall vote Motion to excuse when made Excuses from voting 145 Call for a division Division how made Qualifying paragraph exception and provision Strike out and insert not divisible Bills and resolutions called in order Proviso debate except that the member making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail Rule 35 No member shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then make any motion the effect of which is to cut off debate without relinquishing the floor DIVISION OF A QUESTION Rule 36 Any member may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it Rule 37 The member calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by themselves and be consistent and entire Rule 38 A qualifying paragraph an exception or a proviso if taken from that to which it belongs would not contain a distinct or entire proposition Rule 39 A motion to strike out and insert is an indivisible proposition Rule 40 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the numerical order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Clerk shall distinctly state its number and the name of the member by whom introduced provided that House and Senate bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up for a second reading except by 146 request of the authors of such bill or resolution or some member of the House provided that the General Tax Bill and the General Appropriation Bill shall take precedence on third reading over all other matters even Special Orders until the said Bills shall have been finally disposed of In order that the proper numerical order may be accurately and fairly determined as between bills and resolutions it shall be the duty of the Clerk to place on each bill and resolution as same is read the first time a number following the numerical order in which said bills and resolutions are read the first time adopting one series of numbers and the same series of numbers for both bills and resolutions and not a separate series of numbers as heretofore practiced Rule 41 Every motion to suspend the rules for the purpose of taking up bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion to make special orders shall be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the House Rule 42 The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent for the introduction of new matter nor to read any bill or resolution the second time or any local bill or resolution a third time or to put any local bill or resolution upon its passage or to recommit a bill or resolution or to withdraw from one committee and recommit to another a bill or resolution except during the first thirty minutes after the confirmation of the Journal or after the reading of the Journal has been dispensed with The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any Effect of unanimous consent 147 Suspension of rules time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to put any general bill or resolution upon its passage or to read such bill or resolution second time and recommit The Speaker shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any time The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to make a special order or to change the order of business except that by unanimous consent an order of business may be fixed for the period of Unanimous Consents The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to cast his vote on any motion resolution amendment bill or other question nor shall any member be permitted to cast his vote on any motion resolution amendment bill or other question until the question is put to the House by the Speaker on viva voce vote or division of the House or until after the roll call has begun The Speaker shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any one time Rule 43 The rules of this House known as Constitutional rules shall in no case be suspended all other rules shall in no case be suspended nor changed nor the order of business be changed except by a vote of twothirds of the members voting Provided however that in order to so change or suspend the rules or change the order of business said twothirds so voting in favor of said change or suspension shall constitute a majority of the members of the whole House 148 Rule 44 No suspension or changes or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition or suspension of these rules be first referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the House Provided however that immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day following the introduction in the House of the proposed change or addition to these rules the Committee on Rules shall report the same back to the House A failure to so report such proposed change or addition to these rules for two days shall automatically bring said proposed change or addition before the House for consideration Rule 45 Any motion to suspend rules or change the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate Provided however that whenever a report from the Committee on Rules is submitted to the House the questions arising on said report shall be debatable until the report of the Committee is agreed to or disagreed to or the main question is ordered There shall he no debate however on the report of the Committee on Rules during the last twentyone days of the session Rule 46 It shall be in order to introduce bills or other matter upon the call of the counties without any previous notice having been given for that purpose Rule 47 No debate shall be admitted upon any Bill at the first reading Upon the introduction of any Bill or Resolution or other matter requiring reference to a Committee the Speaker shall as a matter of course and without debate commit the No debate Bills etc when introduced No debate on first reading 149 Effect of favorable report of committee Bills when withdrawn same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the House No bill or resolution shall be engrossed except upon the affirmative vote of twothirds of the members present No member shall be recognized at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to engross a bill or resolution When a motion to engross is made which motion may be made upon reading the bill the first time and at no other time no debate shall be permitted except that the movant may speak to his motion not longer than five minutes and any one other member of the House may speak in opposition thereto for five minutes In case of engrossment of any bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Clerk and the Bill or other matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed In cases where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the House When motion is made to refer a bill or resolution to a committee other than the one to which it is referred by the Speaker even though instructions be added no debate shall be permitted except that movant may speak to his motion not longer than five minutes and any one other member of 150 the House may speak in opposition thereto for five minutes No debate shall be permitted unless instructions are added All resolutions providing for appointment of committees of inquiry or investigation and any and all other resolutions not privileged except motions for information from the Executive Department and any other Department of the State Government shall be referred by the Speaker to the appropriate committee unless by order of the House referred to some other committee Rule 48 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the Senate on the day of the passage thereof unless twothirds of the members present shall so order Rule 49 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the House by the Committee to which it has been referred The Clerk shall cause each bill or resolution of general application that has been favorably reported by committee to be printed No bill or resolution of general application shall be read the third time until the same has been printed unless a majority of a quorum shall vote otherwise The House may at any time by a vote of a majority of a quorum suspend action upon any pending bill or resolution of general application until the substitutes or amendments offered thereto have been printed Rule 50 All proceedings touching the appropriating of money shall be considered in the Committee of the Whole House Rule 51 All bills and resolutions shall be in writing and shall have the name of the member introducing the same as well as the county he Adverse report of committee Transmission to Senate majority vote Bills when printed Committee of the Whole House See Rule 106 et al Bills and Resolutions to be in writing How indorsed 151 Reports of committees order of action represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same Rule 52 Where a bill or resolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the House and in all cases the report of the Committee of the Whole House shall be first acted on by the House Rule 53 The Committee on Rules during the last twentyone days of each session shall arrange a calendar for each days business and such calendar shall be a standing and continuing Special Order during said period and no matter shall be taken up or acted on otherwise than in the order fixed by such calendar except by a vote of a majority of all of the members elected to the House During the period of operation under this rule the calendar or order of business fixed by committee on rules shall be read by the clerk immediately after Confirmation of the Journal of each morning session and immediately after Call of the Roll of each afternoon session and any motion to amend such report either by striking inserting or changing the order shall be made within the first thirty minutes after the reading of such report After the reading of such report and announcement by the Speaker that it is in order for such motions to be made and no such motions being made the House shall proceed to business under the calendar so fixed after which no such motion shall be made during that session No such motion to amend the report of the Committee on Rules shall be debat 152 able during the period of operation under this Rule PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS Rule 54 When any subject is before the House for consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following towit 1st Motion to adjourn 2d A motion to lay on table 3d A motion for the previous question 4th A motion to adjourn to a time definite 5th A motion to postpone indefinitely 6th A motion to postpone to a day certain 7th A motion to commit 8th A motion ot amend 9th A motion to print Which said motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand as above arranged MOTION TO ADJOURN Rule 55 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the House A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended Rule 56 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the House is not actually engaged in other business is debatable Rule 57 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time when the member moving it can legitimately obtain the floor Order of precedence Not debatable when may be renewed When made When made debatable 153 When not in order Effect of adjournment Hour of adjournment What business postponed Amendment or substitute cannot be laid on table How matters may be aken from table Rule 58 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Clerk has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced but in such cases the rollcall shall be completed the vote counted and the result finally announced before a motion to adjourn shall be in order Rule 59 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the House to the next sitting day or time in course Rule 60 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the House is being taken by yeas and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the House is acting on the main question after the main question has been ordered and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaide the House shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution MOTIONS TO LAY ON TABLE Rule 61 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on the table shall be in order Rule 62 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the House 154 is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken up the same is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar Rule 63 If the motion to lay on the table prevails it removes from the consideration of the House the measure together with all the motions attached to it at the time it is so disposed of Rule 64 When the proposition is again taken from the table it stands before the House in the exact form with all the motions pertaining to it just as it did at the time the motion to lay on the table prevailed Rule 65 After a yea and nay vote is called on any bill or resolutionthe House not acting at the time under the previous questionand one vote has been recorded no motion to table shall be in order until the rollcall shall have been completed When any bill or resolution is tabled after the completion of the rollcall and then taken from the table nothing can be done except to announce the result of said vote as shown by said rollcall at the time said bill or resolution was tabled Rule 66 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes Rule 67 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable Effect of vote to table Effect of vote to take from table No motion to table in order until rollcall is completed When renewed Not debatable or amendable What can be tabled When in order Effect of previous question Rule 68 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again Rule 69 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted on the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION Rule 70 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except a motion to adojurn or to lay on the table but neither of said motions shall be made but once until after the previous question has been exhausted and when it is moved the question shall be Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority of a quorum in the affirmative and the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum all other motions except one to reconsider the action in ordering the main question will be out of order and the House cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives But no motion to reconsider the action of the House in ordering the main question shall be in order after the Clerk has called the first name on call of the ayes and nays and the vote of any member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on the vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced in such cases the roll call shall be completed the vote counted and the result finally announced 156 Rule 71 When the previous question has been ordered the House shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such members as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule This rule shall not be construed to allow the twenty minutes above referred to to be used but once on any bill or measure and then on the final passage of the bill or measure Rule 72 After the main question is ordered any member may call for a division of the House in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays if thie call for the yeas and nays is sustained by onefifth of the members voting the vote shall be taken by the yeas and nays and so entered on the Journal Rule 73 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the House to a vote on pending questions in the ordier in which they stood before it was moved Rule 74 In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any question if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member whose name is first signed Twenty minutes debate allowed Vote how taken Effect of main question being ordered Contested Election 157 How Called and Ordered Call of the House when in order Question of order Effect Not amendable When cannot be applied to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report Rule 75 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection Rule 76 A call of the House shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the Speaker that a quorum is not present Rule 77 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE Rule 78 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session Rule 79 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended Rule 80 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can 158 it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule Rule 81 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has been voted down MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN Rule 82 The motion to postpone a bill resolution or other measure to a day certain when decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum removes the subject from before the House until the time designated and makes it a privileged question for that day so selected Rule 83 If the motion to postpone a bill a resolution or other measure is decided in the negative it leaves the question before the House as it was before the motion was made and it cannot be moved a second time on same day or at the same stage of the proceeding Rule 84 This motion to postpone to a day certain may be amended by substituting one day for another In this case the time would be treated as a blank and the Speaker should treat these propositions as he would those to fill blanks Rule 85 If a day designated is known to be beyond the session the Speaker shall treat the motion as though it had been a motion to indefinitely postpone the subject Rule 86 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the Not renewed Effect of negative vote May be amended To a day beyond the session Debate when and how allowed 159 Motion how applied Motion to commit Precedence of When debatable How amended Motion to recommit question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another It shall be the duty of the Speaker to hold members rigidly to these points Rule 87 This motion cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but must be applied to the whole bill resolution or other measure before the House and when it prevails it carries forward the whole proposition and its appendages to the day named MOTIONS TO COMMIT Rule 88 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee or committee of the whole House Rule 89 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on but where a motion is made that a bill resolution or other measure be committed to the committee of the whole House this motion shall be put before either of the above named motions Rule 90 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated Rule 91 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the member making the motion Rule 92 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special 160 may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum MOTIONS TO AMEND Rule 93 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended towit 1st By inserting or adding words 2d By striking out words 3d By striking out and inserting words An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Rule 94 A substitute is simply an amendment it is in effect a motion to strike out all after the enacting clause of a bill or the word Resolved in a resolution and insert that offered as a substitute Rule 95 When a bill or resolution is before the House for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered lor said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order lor the House to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute Rule 96 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to which was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has Amendments how made Substitute Bill first perfected then the substitute When too late to amend 161 been agreed to by the House unless said action of the House in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Must be in writing Prority Blanks Caption when amended Amending by sections Rule 97 All motions to amend any matter before the House must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added Rule 98 On all questions whether in committee or in the Houe the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put Rule 99 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend Rule 100 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected t Rule 101 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the House shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Clerk in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Clerk without any motion being made in the House and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur and amend it 162 Rule 102 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment Rule 103 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Clerk shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended Rule 104 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a part of a bill or resolution any amendment offered to perfect the part proposed to be stricken shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out Rule 105 When any bill or resolution which originated in the House has been amended in the Senate and is before the House for action on the Senate amendment an amendment may be offered in the House to the Senate amendment but the House amendment to the Senate amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down Rule 106 A motion to amend an amendment made by the Senate to the House bill or resolution takes precedence over a motion to agree to disagree to said amendment Rule 107 The questions which arise before the House respecting amendments by the Senate to a House bill or resolution are 1st A motion to agree to the Senate amendment 2d A motion to disagree to the Senate amendment Amendments by striking out and inserting Priority of amendment to perfect Amending Senate Amendments See Rule 125 Priority Priority of questions on Senate amendments 163 Majority necessary to adopt Senate Amendment or Conference Committee Report 3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment 4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment 5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment They take precedence in the above order The Speaker is authorized on his own motion or upon point or order being made when in his opinion a Senate Amendment to a House Bill is not germane or if adopted would render the bill unconstitutional to rule out such amendment the effect of which ruling of the Speaker if not appealed from or if appealed from and the appeal not sustained shall be the same as a vote of the House to disagree and as such the Clerk shall report it to the Senate Such point of order shall take precedence over a motion to agree Provided that when any question of disagreement with the Senate arises the following motions shall be in order at any time the movant can legally obtain the floor and debate thereon limited as in the case of reconsideration 1st a motion to insist upon the House position 2nd a motion to recede from the House position which motions shall be put in the order listed subject to disposition by the House of any amendments or substitutes affecting the matter in disagreement Rule 107A In order to adopt a Senate Amendment to a House bill or resolution and in order to adopt a report of a conference committee the said amendment or conference committee report 164 must receive a majority vote of the entire membership elected to the House of Representatives Any rule contravening the letter or spirit of this Rule is hereby repealed RECONSIDERATION Rule 108 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any member whether said member previously voted in the affirmative or negative on the matter sought to he reconsidered to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter as has been previously reconsidered provided such member shall notify the House of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed Provided further that the action of the House on Senate amendments shall be in order for reconsideration immediately and not otherwise Rule 109 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made Rule 110 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once Rule 111 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the order of unanimous consent on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action Rule 112 The action of the House upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time before Motion to reconsider Shall not be withdrawn when When there may be one reconsideration When in order Amendments when reconsidered 165 Place of calendar When ordered by Speaker See Rule 43 When ordered by the House final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates Rule 113 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third reading COMMITTEE ON THE WHOLE HOUSE Rule 114 The Speaker may resolve the House into a Committee of the Whole without a motion being made therefor whenever a bill or resolution shall be in order for consideration on its third reading before the House which is required by the rules of this House to be considered in the Committee of the Whole Rule 115 The House may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on motion of a member made for that purpose provided however that notice of intention to make such motion shall be given during the session of the preceding day individual speeches on such motion being limited to three minutes If such notice shall not have been given the motion shall prevail if it shall receive the affirmative votes of twothirds of those voting and which twothird shall also constitute a majority of all of the members elected to the House and provided further whenever the House either by its own vote or by unanimous consent shall commit any bill or resolution to Committee of the Whole House and subsequently a motion shall be made to resolve the House into Committee of the Whole to consider such bill or resolution and such motion shall be lost the said motion shall not be again renewed but it shall be the duty of the Speaker to require 166 the Clerk to read the bill or resolution again on the following days session under the order of Introduction of New Matter or Reading of Bills the First Time and to refer such bill or resolution to the appropriate committee unless otherwise ordered by the House provided however that for the consideration of the General Tax Bill and General Appropriation Bill the House may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on motion of a member made for that purpose and no previous notice shall be necessary Rule 116 In forming a Committee of the Whole House the Speaker shall leave the chair and a Chairman to preside in committee shall be appointed by the Speaker Rule 117 In the Committee of the Whole bills shall be first read throughout by the Clerk and then again be read or debated by clauses or sections leaving the preamble to be last considered unless otherwise ordered Rule 118 The Rules of the House shall be observed by the Committee of the Whole so far as they may be applicable except that it can not refer a matter to any other committee it can not adjourn the previous question can not be enforced a motion to lay on the table or indefinitely postpone shall not be in order a member may speak as often as he may obtain the floor no call of the House shall be in order nor shall any vote be taken by yeas and nays Rule 119 If at any time in the Committee of the Whole it shall be desired to close the debate How formed Proceedings Buie in committee Debate how closed 167 Time of how extended Motion to rise etc Reconsid eration Duty of Chairman when no quorum is present or to limit the time to be allowed members for speaking the committee may rise and report its desire to the House and the House shall take such action thereon as it may see fit by a resolution agreed for that purpose said resolution shall apply only to the subjectmatter before said committee and when said resolution has been agreed to or refused by the House the action of the House shall be deemed the sense of the committee and the House may then on motion again resolve itself into Committee of the Whole and continue the consideration of the subject Rule 120 In the event that a Committee of the Whole House at any sitting shall for want of time fail to complete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time in the committee made rise report progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain Rule 121 A motion that the committee rise and report progress and ask leave to sit again can be made at any time when the mover thereof can legitimately obtain the floor and shall take precedence over all other motions and shall be decided without debate and when it prevails the committee shall immediately rise and when the regular hour for adjournment of the House arrives the committee shall automatically rise and the Speaker shall assume the Chair Rule 122 A motion to reconsider shall be in order in Committee of the Whole Rule 123 The Committee of the Whole shall not proceed with the business before it whenever a vote on any question shall disclose the fact that no 168 quorum of the House is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum is not present the Chairman of the committee shall satisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the committee and report the same to the committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of the absence of a quorum to the House Rule 124 The Speaker may in Committee of the Whole take part in the proceedings and he as well as all other members shall vote on all questions before the committee unless excused therefrom and no pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed in the Committee of the Whole Rule 125 Amendments proposed by the Committee of the Whole may be amended or rejected by the House and matters stricken out by the committee may be restored by the House Rule 126 A Committee of the Whole House can not punish disorderly conduct of its members but must report the same to the House for action thereon Rule 127 The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole shall have power to have the galleries or lobbies cleared in case of any disorderly conduct therein Rule 128 When the Committee of the Whole have disposed of the bill resolutions or other measures before it by motion and question it shall rise and the Chairman will be instructed to report the action of the Committee to the House At this point the Speaker will resume his seat and the Chairman will return to the floor and will stale in substance All members shall vote unless excused Amendments Disorderly conduct reported Chairman may order galleries cleared Proceedings of when business before it is finished 169 Record Papers may be called for Reports shall contain result of committees action Morning rollcall dispensed with by twothirds vote as follows Mr Speaker the Committee of the Whole House have had under consideration naming what and have instructed me as their Chairman to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that the same do pass or do pass as amended or do not pass as the case may be The Speaker will receive this report and repeat the same and the matter will then be before the House for action just as though reported by any other Committee Rule 129 The proceedings of the Committee of the Whole shall not be recorded in the Journal of the House except so far as reported to the House by the Chairman of said committee Rule 130 When in the Committee of the Whole any papers in the possession of the House may be called for by any member and read by the Clerk for the information of the committee unless the committee shall otherwise order Rule 131 Amendments offered to an amendment in the Committee of the Whole shall not be reported to the House but the report shall contain only the result of the committees action on the bill resolution or measure under consideration before it ABSENTEES Rule 132 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the House and also the reading of the Journal shall not be dispensed with except by a vote of twothirds of the members present The motion to dispense with the roll call and to dispense 170 with the reading of the Journal shall be decided without debate Rule 133 Upon the call of all the members ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal And it shall be the duty of the Clerk to keep a separate list of the absentees from each days proceedings which list shall be entered upon the Journal and shall show which of said absentees are absent without leave and of those absent with leave which are absent for providential causes and which for business reasons which said separate list shall be read in the House with the Journal upon which the same is entered COMPELLING ATTENDANCE Rule 134 The power to compel the attendance of members in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall be allowed r v 7 to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House The Messenger of the House shall be exofficio SergeantatArms of the House and on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them before the House when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid CALL OF THE HOUSE Rule 135 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present or when the Speaker shall officially state the fact to the House it shall be in order for any Names of absentees noted Power to compel attendance Sergeant atarms 171 What is a quorum Compelling attendance Oath of members member to make a motion for a call of the House and when this motion is made the Speaker shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the House prevail and if fifteen of the members present shall vote in the affirmative the Speaker shall order the Clerk to call the roll of members and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by order of the majority of the members present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by the officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the House shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged Rule 136 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4 Rule 137 Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5 172 Rule 138 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal i Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14 Rule 139 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6 Rule 140 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12 Rule 141 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the v Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 19 Rule 142 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection The first and second reading of local bills shall be by titles only The third reading of local bills must be full and complete Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7 Rule 143 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Majorityrequired to pass bill Yeas and nays order by onefifth of members Bill or resolutions appropriating money must pass by yeas and nays Constitutional twothirds vote taken by yeas and nays Revenue bills Reading of bills 173 One subject matter etc An amendment to laws and sections of Code General laws how varied Consent and when required Corpora tions Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10 Rule 144 No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8 Rule 145 No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16 Rule 146 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provisions have been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1 Rule 147 The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies except banking insurance 174 railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change election precincts nor establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such power shall be exercised by the courts Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17 Rule 148 The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18 Rule 149 The General Appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriation fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government paying of the public debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9 Rule 150 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them Art 3 Sec 7 Par 22 Powerdelegated to courts Relief of recognizance What the general appropriation bill shall contain Other appropriations by separate bills Adjourn ments 175 Elections Rejected bills again considered by a twothirds vote January session limited to ten days Rgular session limited to 70 days Rule 151 All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1 Rule 152 No bill or ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13 Rule 153 The General Assembly shall meet in regular session on the second Monday in January 1947 and biennially thereafter on the same day until the date shall be changed by law By concurrent resolution adopted by a majority of members elected to both Houses the General Assembly may adjourn any regular session to such later date as it may fix for reconvening in regular session but shall remain in regular session no longer than seventy 70 days in the aggregate during the term for which the members were elected If it shall adjourn the first regular session before the expiration of seventy 70 days without fixing a date for reconvening the General Assembly shall reconvene in regular session on the second Monday in January of the next year unless it shall have adjourned sine die All business pending in the Senate or 176 House at the adjournment of any regular session may be considered at any later regular session of the same General Assembly as if there had been no adjournment Nothing herein shall be construed to affect the power of the Governor to convoke the General Assembly in extraordinary session or the duty of the Governor to convene the General Assembly in extraordinary session upon the certificate of threefifths of the members elected to the Senate and the House of Representatives as provided in Article V Section I Paragraph XIII of the Constitution of this State If an impeachment trial is pending at the end of any regular or extraordinary session the Senate may continue in session until such trial is completed The provisions of Paragraph III Section IV of Article III of the Constitution which the present Constitution supersedes which apply to the meetings of the General Assembly shall continue in force until the second Monday in January 1947 Art 3 Sec 4 Par 3 Rule 154 Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have the power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine or imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1 Rule 155 No provision in the Constitution of this State for a twothirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds Elections Disorderly conduct Expulsion by twothirds vote Signature of Governor when required 177 Governors veto Effect of twothirds vote thereon When Governor must approve Twothirds vote required vote required to override the veto to submit constitutional amendments and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21 Rule 156 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be eflectual unless passed by twothirds of each House Art 5 Sec 1 Par 15 Rule 157 Every note resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be passed by twothirds of each House Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16 Rule 158 No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly Art 11 Sec 1 Par 9 178 Rule 159 Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon and the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall provide for submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at the said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1 Rule 160 No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change the Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on the population as near as practicable Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2 Twothirds vote required on amend ments to Constitution Twothirds vote required to call a convention How called 179 Salaries of judges Rule 161 The Justices of the Supreme Court each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Court of Appeals each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 6000 per annum and the Solicitors General shall each have out of the treasury of the State a salary of 250 per annum with the right of the General Assembly to authorize any county to supplement the salary of a judge of the Superior Court and Solicitor General of the Judicial Circuit in which such county lies out of county funds provided however where such salary was at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of this State being supplemented out of county funds under existing laws such laws shall remain in force until altered by the General Assembly Provided further that the Board of County Commissioners of Richmond County or the Ordinary or such other board or person as may from time to time have charge of the fiscal affairs of said county shall without further legislative action continueto supplement from said Countys treasury the salary of the Judge of Superior Court of the circuit of which the said County of Richmond is a part by the sum of Two Thousand Dollars 2000 per annum which shall be in addition to the amount received by said judge out of the State treasury and such payments are declared to be a part of the court expenses of said County and such payment shall be made to the judge in office at the time of the adoption of the Constitution of this State during his term or subsequent terms as well as to his successors with the authority in the General Assembly to 180 increase such salary from the County treasury as above provided Art 6 Sec 12 Par 1 and Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1 Rule 162 No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the newspaper in which the Sheriffs advertisements for the locality affected are published once a week for three weeks during a period of sixty days immediately preceding its introduction into the General Assembly No local or special bill shall become law unless there is attached to and made a part of said bill a copy of said notice certified by the publisher or accompanied by an affidavit of the author to the effect that said notice has been published as provided by law No office to which a person has been elected shall be abolished nor the term of the office shortened or lengthened by local or special bill during the term for which such person of the jurisdiction affected in a referendum on the question Where any local law shall add any member or members to any municipal or county governing authority the members of which are elected by the people such local law must provide that the member or members so added must be elected by a majority vote of the qualified voters of the political subdivision affected Art 3 Sec 7 Par 15 MISCELLANEOUS RULES Rule 163 When a message shall be sent to the House of Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and Evidence of notice of local and special bills must be submitted before passage of same Messages 181 Messages when received and considered Motions Petitions memorials etc Committees Clerk be respectfully communicated to the chair by the person through whom it may be sent Rule 164 Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce is being taken A message shall be presented to the House by the Speaker when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the House is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the House Rule 165 After a motion is stated by the Speaker or read by the Clerk it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before the decision by the unanimous consent of the House Rule 166 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memoralist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading Rule 167 The several standing committees of the House shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise The report of the Committee on Rules is in order at any time when the House is not actually engaged in other business Rule 168 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath for the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue in office until another be elected 182 Rule 169 The Clerk shall take special care of the books provided for the use of the House Rule 170 The Committee on Enrollment shall carefully compare enrolled bills and resolutions and correcting any errors that may be discovered in the enrolled bills or other papers make their report forthwith to their respective Houses Rule 171 Verification of a roll call vote can be dispensed with only by unanimous consent the Speaker shall not entertain a motion to that effect Rule 172 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting Rule 173 When a motion is made by any member it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the House t Rule 174 After the announcement of the standing committee no other members shall be placed thereon except when members have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or other wise the Speaker may assign said members to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships Rule 175 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the House except the members and officers thereof the officers and members of the Senate the Governor of the State and the heads of the officers of the Executive Department Members of Congress from Georgia State House officers and members of the press actively reporting Legislative 183 Clerk Duties of Committee on Enrollment Motions not privileged Not necessary to second motion Committees how and when engaged Privileges on the floor Privileges of the floor Duty of Committee on Journals Members to receipt Clerk for books and papers Adjournment and meeting Motion for yeas and nays not debatable proceedings exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral in actual commission expresiding officers of the House and Senate Judges and DistrictAttorneys of the United States Courts and such others as the House may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on the Privileges of the Floor The report of the Committee on Privileges of the Floor may be made at any time the chairman of the committee is recognized by the Speaker Privileges of the floor and use of the press table shall be extended only to those representatives of the press bearing proper credentials from recognized newspapers of general circulation and telegraphic press associations provided that no person shall be admitted on the floor of the House who is engaged in lobbying or in attempting to influence legislation Rule 176 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the House that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Clerk A Rule 177 No member shall take any books or papers from the possession of the House or Clerk without first acquainting the Clerk and giving him a receipt to return the same in a reasonable time or on his demand Rule 178 The House shall convene at 10 a m Sundays excepted unless otherwise ordered by the House The hour of adjournment to be fixed by a majority of said House on motion without debate Rule 179 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate 184 t Rule 180 All Acts and joint resolutions shall be signed by the Speaker and Clerk and all writs warrants and subpoenas issued by order of the House shall be signed by the Speaker and attested by the Clerk I tf Rule 181 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the House while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the Speaker to execute the demands of the House from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the Speaker Rule 182 The Messenger under the direction of the Clerk shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed to the members he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them Rule 183 No Committee of the Whole or other committee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendment recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendment relates Rule 184 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not voting Rule 185 Whenever any member moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the Speaker shall appoint a committee on the part of the House and in such case the committee shall consist of only 185 Signature of Speaker and Clerk Duty of Messenger Messengers duty in distributing documents etc Interlineation forbidden Pairing Committee on conference f Authority of Conference Committees Amend ments such members as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the House and if by inadvertence any member be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the House and be excused by the Speaker Rule 185a No conference committee appointed by the House or under its authority shall be authorized to agree to any proposal whereby matter new and different from the action of the House and Senate is recommended All conference committees on the part of the House shall be limited in authority to composing the difference between House and Senate on the measure that is referred to said conference committee and any report from any conference committee which exceeds the authority as outlined here shall be out of order and the Speaker shall so declare and upon his failure to do so at the suggestion of any member the ques tion shall be submitted to the House as to whether the conference committee has exceeded its authority If upon vote it is determined that said action is in excess of the authority of said committee the committee shall be automatically discharged and the report disregarded All rules contravening the letter or spirit of this rule in so far as this rule is affected are to be disregarded Rule 186 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the House it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the House but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment 186 Rule 187 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may t make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent Each committee shall wherever practical include with their report on each general bill or resolution a brief resume of the bill and the reasons for the action taken by the Committee If the Committee shall so order the Clerk shall have such report printed and distributed to the members of the House Rule 188 Every motion for information from the Executive Department or any other Department of the State Government shall lie on the table one day and on the following day such motion shall be deemed privileged and shall be in order for immediate consideration at the request of the author or any other member of the House Rule 189 On the call of the yeas and nays the Clerk shall read the names of the members after they have been called and no member shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question Rule 190 Questions of privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the House collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of members individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence over all other questions except a motion to adjourn Provided that when any matter is before the House no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question shall be disposed of Majority and minority reports What motions lie on table Changing votes Questions of privilege Proviso 187 Rule 191 In all elections a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice Rule 192 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies Rule 193 The Auditing Committee shall before auditing the account of any member for expenses of a committeeman or any account prescribed by a member for any expense incurred in discharge of any duty as a member of this House require of such an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item of said account ORDER OF BUSINESS Rule 194 The following shall be the order of business 1 Scripture Reading and Prayer by Chaplain 2 Call of the Roll 3 Report of the Committee on the Journal 4 Reading of the Journal 5 Confirmation of the Journal 6 Unanimous Consents 7 Motions to Reconsider 8 Introduction of Bills and Resolutions Each member is requested to introduce two copies of each bill or resolution one to be filed in the office of the Speaker by the Clerk and the other to be given to the press 188 19 First Reading and Reference of House Bills and Resolutions 10 Report of Standing Committees 11 Second Reading of Bills and Resolutions Favorably Reported 12 Third Reading and Passage of Uncontested Local Bills and Resolutions 13 First Reading and Reference of Senate Bills and Resolutions 14 Unfinished Business of Previous Session 15 Orders of the Day 16 Senate Amendments to House Bills and Resolutions and Reports of Conference Committees 17 House Bills and Resolutions for Third Reading 18 Unless otherwise Ordered by the House Senate Bills and Resolutions for Third Reading or on the Calendar for the Purpose of Disagreeing to an Adverse Committee Report Shall be Called on Thursdays 19 The Reports of the Committee on Engrossing and the Committee on Enrolling May be Made at Any Time 20 General Bills and Resolutions Otherwise in Order for Reconsideration on Friday or Saturday Shall Stand over Until the Following Monday Rule 195 No committee of the House shall consist of more than twentyfive members This rule however shall not apply to the following corn 189 mittees Amendments to the Constitution No 1 Amendments to Constitution No 2 Appropriations Commerce Counties and County Matters Education No 1 Education No 2 Georgia State Sanitarium General Agriculture No 1 General Agriculture No 2 General Judiciary No 1 General Judiciary No 2 Historical Research Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Motor Vehicles Municipal Government Penitentiary Public Highways No 1 Public Highways No 2 Public Utilities State Prison Farm University System of Georgia Ways and Means Western and Atlantic Railroad COMMITTEES Rule 196 The Speaker shall appoint the following committees Academy for the Blind Amendments to the Constitution No One Amendments to the Constitution No Two Appropriations Auditing Aviation Banks and Banking Commerce Conservation Corporations Counties and County Matters Drainage Education No One Education No Two Engrossing 190 Enrollment Excuse of Members Absent Without Leave Game and Fish General Agriculture No One General Agriculture No Two General Judiciary No One General Judiciary No Two Georgia School for the Deaf Georgia State Sanitarium Halls and Rooms Historical Research Hygiene and Sanitation Industrial Relations Insurance Interstate Cooperation Invalid Pensions and Soldiers Home Journals Legislative and Congressional Reapportion me Manuf acturers Military Affairs Mines and Mining Motor Vehicles Municipal Government Penitentiary Pensions Privileges and Elections Privileges of the Floor Public Highways No One Public Highways No Two Public Library Public Printing 191 sai Public Property Public Utilities Public Welfare Railroads Rules Sanitarium at Alto Special Appropriations Special Judiciary State of Republic State Prison Farm Temperance Training Schools Uniform State Laws University System of Georgia Veterans Affairs Ways and Means Western and Atlantic Railroad The Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Appropriations shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Ways and Means and the Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Ways and Means shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations Rule 197 Whenever any bill or resolution has been referred to a committee and the same has been held in the custody or control of such committee for ten days without reporting on same the author of such bill or any member of the House shall have the right immediately after the confirmation of the Journal to give notice that on the next regular meeting of the House he will submit a motion in 192 structing such committee to report such bill back to the House after which on the next regular meeting day of the House any member of the House immediately after the confirmation of the Journal may move to instruct such committee to report such bill or resolution back to the House and if the motion prevails it shall be the duty of such committee to report such bill or resolution accordingly with or without recommendation as the case may be at the next regular session and upon failure of said Committee to report such bill accordingly the same shall automatically be returned to the House for consideration Debate on said motion to instruct such committee to report such bill or resolution back to the House shall be limited to twenty minutes unless otherwise ordered by the House and when such bill or resolution is so reported or returned to the House it may be referred or committed as other bills or resolutions Provided that any motion or resolution to set a special order or to change the order of business for any particular day which has been referred to the Committee on Rules may be held in the custody and control of such committee only three days instead of ten days under this rule It shall be the duty of the committee to which any measure providing for an appropriation is referred to report such bill or measure back to th House at least fifteen days prior to the last day of the session regardless of any such notice or motion by the author or any other member Rule 198 In drawing for seats all members except those who have been permitted by the House to select seats without drawing shall retire to the rear of the Hall The names of all counties printed 193 on separate slips of paper shall be deposited in a box and the box placed on the Clerks desk The names of the counties shall be drawn separately from the box and announced by the Clerk from his desk When the name of a county is announced the member or members from that county shall come forward to the Clerks desk and secure a desk card with name and county printed thereon and then proceed to select his seat All desks shall be arranged in their proper position on the floor of the House and no desk shall be moved or changed The Speaker shall have the right to reserve seats for the chairmen of the committees on Appropriations and Ways and Means and for the vicechairman of Committee on Rules before the drawing for seats Rule 199 The Speaker is authorized to employ some person well skilled in legislative draughtsmanship as special clerk for the Committee on Engrossing and Enrolling It shall be the duty of such special clerk to examine every bill or resolution that is ready for engrossing or enrollment and to suggest to the committee any corrections or additions to either the caption or the bill that are necessary to perfect the same The per diem of such special clerk shall be fixed by the Speaker 194 INDEX TO STANDING RULES OF Georgia House of Representatives ABSENTEES Rule No Auditing Committee duty as to 414444 133 Clerks duty as top4BLij44 133 Roll Call dispensed with when 132 ADJOURN MOTION TO Committee of whole not in order in4 118 Definite time debatable whenMfi 56 Effect when motion prevails 4444s 59 Motion not debatable j4p 55178 Motion not amendable444 55 Motion when in order 57 Motion when not in order 44444 58 Precedence of motion 44 54 Shall not be made second time until when 55 ADJOURNMENT Constitutional time limit 4 444 150 Courtesy to speaker at time ofL4 26 Effect of 444441I1 59 Effect when hour of arrives when House acting under previuus question 444l4rS 50 Effect when hour of arrives during vote by yeas and nays 60 Hour of fixed by House 178 ADVERSE REPORT Bills and resolutions adversely reported taken up when 40 Debate on final passage L4a 14 71 Effect of on bills 41J44 47 AMENDMENTS Applicable to an amendmentr4441 93 Bills or resolutions amended by sectionsfe1444 101 Bill perfected before caption or preamble44 100 Bills perfected before substituteiJlcL 95 195 Rule No Blanks must be filled 99 Clerks duty in amending by striking out and inserting 103 Committee of whole action onB 125 Committee of whole what reported to House 131 Germane must be 102 Motion to amend how made 93 Motion to commit amendable 91 Motion to postpone indefinitely not amendable 79 Motion to postpone to time definite amendable2l 84 Motion to table amendment not in order 61 Motion to table not amendable 67 Must be in writing 97 Precedence of motion to amend 54 Priority of amendments 98 Priority of amendments to perfect part proposed to be stricken 104 Priority of over motion to agree or disagree 106 Priority of questions on Senate Amendments to H B 107 Priority of on passage of bill 1Z 186 Senate amendments to H B House amendments in order 105 Senate majority vote to adopt 107a Reconsidered when s 112 Substitute is an amendment 94 When in orderZ 186 When too lateIv96186 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION Submission to people 159 Convention called vj 150 APPEALS From Speakers decision 8 Members may address House n No debate when of personal character 9 To be made at once1 10 APPLAUSE Speakers right to suppress 29 APPROPRIATIONS General bill right of way 40 196 Rule No Governors power over jL 156 Considered in committee of wholeI 50 House must originate 143 ATTENDANCE Call of House 135 Messengers DutyLit 134 Power to compel134135 Speakers duty I 134 AUDITING COMMITTEE Absentees duty as toi 133 Accounts of members duty as to 193 BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Amendments and substitutes bill first perfected95 Amendments by sections14I 101 Amendments to Code sections 145 Amendments to passed on before those to caption or preamble 100 Appropriations House must originate lifc 143 Clerk to state number and author when reading 40 Clerk to call in order on calendar 40 Committee of whole how read 117 Committee reports favorable effect of47 Committee reports unfavorable effects of 47 Committee reports order of precedence 52 Corporations laws relating to 147 Engrossment effect of 47 General appropriations what to embrace 149 General laws how changed 146 Governors approval necessary 157 Governors failure to return 156 Governors veto 156 Immediate transmission when 48 Introduction when 46 Printed when 49 Reconsideration effect of 4 113 Rejected when again considered1r 152 Relief of principals and sureties 148 197 Rule No Requirements for 51 Speakers duty to commit 47 Special laws prohibited whenr 146 Subjectmatter only one and expressed in title 144 Unanimous consent for reading gjfe 42 Withdrawal of when4 47 Majority necessary to pass 138 Debate none at first readingT 47 Constitutional requirements as to reading 1Tr 142 Reading of unanimous consent 42 Reading first no debate 47 Reading constitutional requirement 142 CALL OF HOUSE Committee of whole not in orderrifpjj Contempt refusal to vote on 14 When in order r14135 When not in order 76 CAPTION Not considered until bill perfected 100 CHANGE OF VOTES How done and when1 189 CLERK Absence of speaker and speaker pro tern duty of 7 Absentees duty ofii 133 Amendments striking out and inserting duty of103 Bills and resolutions how read committee of whole 117 Bills and resolutions called in order from calendar 40 Bills and resolutions name and authors statedi 40 Books duty to care for 169177 Journal names not voting duty to enter 172 Oath of prescribed uM 168 CODE SECTIONS Amendments to Constitutional requirements 1 145 198 COMMITTEES Rule No Amendments by take precedence 186 Appointed by speakeri 4196 Bills not to be interlined or defaced by 183 Chairmen Appropriation and Ways and Means ExOfficio Members L 196 Conference how constituted 1ii 185 Report of Conference majority vote1 107a Conference authority limited1L 185a Defaulting committee provision as to 197 Enlarged how 1 174 Failure of to report provision as toi 197 Membership limited 195 Reports of order of precedence 52 Reports of required A197 Reports must be in writing iI 187 Speaker exofficio member of Rules 4 Speaker to appoint certain committees 4196 Rules committee how elected 4 COMMIT MOTION TO Amended how i 91 Applicable to what1 8892 Committee of whole not in order 118 Precedence of as among other motions 54 Precedence of as among motions to commit to different committees 89 COMMITTEE OF WHOLE HOUSE Amendments by action by Houseii 125 Amendments to amendments how reported to House 131 Appropriation bills considered in50 Bills read and debated by sectionsl 117 Call of House not in order 118 Chairman appointed by Speaker1 116 Chairman power to clear galleries or lobby127 Debate how limited and closed 119 Disorderly conduct reported 126 Extension of time how securedMlil 120 Formation of 116 House may resolve itself into when 115 Interlineation of bills or resolutions prohibited 183 199 Rule No Journal not show proceedings 129 Members shall vote 124 Motion to commit to precedencetj 89 Motion to rise report progress and ask leave to sit again 121 Papers called for 130 Proceedings how closedJL 121 Proceedings not reported in Journal 129 Procedure when business finished 128 Quorum not present procedure 123 Reconsideration in orders 122 Reports of precedence 52 Rules applicable to and exceptionsr 118 Speaker may resolve House into when 114 Speaker may take part 124 Speaker chairman appointed byku116 CONSTITUTIONAL RULES Adjournments limited ig 150 Amendments to Code sections 145 Amendments to Constitution 159 Appropriation Bills House must originate 143 Appropriation Bill General what to embrace 149 Appropriations Journal to show yeas and naysT 140 Bills majority necessary to pass 138 Bills reading of 142 Bills rejected when again considered 152 Bills subjectmatter expressed in titlei 144 Bills only one subjectmatter permitted 144 Constitutional convention how called 160 Corporations power of General Assembly over 147 County sites how changed or removed Jg 157 Date of meetings fixed4153 Elections by General Assembly 151 Expulsion of members twothirds vote necessary154 General laws how changed4 146 General appropriation bill what to embraceJ 149 Governor failure to return bills trgrf 156 Governors signature when requiredi155157 Governors veto 156 House judges of election and qualification of members 154 Journal must show majority vote 138 Journal must show yeas and nays when required139140141 200 Rule No Local and special bills notice requiredliy 162 Members power to punish misconduct of 154 Members oath of prescribed 137 Quorum defined JJd MB1 136 Relief of principals and sureties illT 148 Salaries of certain officials how changed 161 Special laws prohibited whenceSL146 Subjectmatter bills to contain but oneJg 144 Subjectmatter must be expressed in title144 Veto of GovernorL 156 Yeas and nays required whenglWw 139140141 Yeas and nays Journal to show on Apps 140 Yeas and nays Journal to show where twothirds vote required 141 CONTEMPT Refusal to vote unless excused on call of House 14 CONTEST Contestant and contestee to retire when vote taken r 22 CONVERSATION Prohibited ZiiU smif 1924 COUNTY SITE How changed or removedA 158 DEBATE Adjournment decided without 178 Bills first reading no debate4 47 Committee of whole regulated118119 Committee happenings reference to out of order 27 Conversations reference to out of order 27 Conduct of members inr17 Individual speeches limited 17 Motion to adjourn not debatable 55 Motion to change rules not debatablerA 45 Motion to commit when debatable A 90 Motion to change order of business not debatable 45 201 Rule No Motion to extend members time of speaking not debatable 17 Motion to excuse member from voting not debatable 34 Motion to indefinitely postpone debatable1 79 Motion to instruct committee debate limited 197 Motion for previous question not debatabler 0 Motion to read papers not debatabler 33 Motion to suspend rules not debatable45 Motion to table not debatable L4j 67 Motion to postpone to time definite what debatable 86 Previous question decided affirmatively debate regulated 71 Priority of business not debatabler 16 Roll call no debate during d 3p 30 Senate happenings reference to out of order 27 Yeas and nays decided without debate1 179 DISPARAGING REMARKS Members prohibited from d 28 DIVISION Duty of member calling forL 37 Motion to excuse from voting to be made before34 Right to call forir 36 What not divisible14iI3839 DRAWING FOR SEATS Regulated J 198 ELECTION House Judge of of members 154 Majority vote necessaryMi 191 ENROLLMENT COMMITTEE Duties of 170199 EXCEPTION TO WORDS SPOKEN Procedure j18 EXPLANATION OF VOTES When allowed and time limited r 32 202 EXPULSION OF MEMBERS Rule No When 117154 DOORKEEPER Duty as to enforcement of rule as to intoxication25 Duty as to messages 163 Speaker may suspend when1i2 12 GALLERIES Applause to be suppressed 44 29 Committee of whole chairman may clear 127 Speaker may clear 13 GENERAL ASSEMBLY Meets when BgL 3ryt153 Session Limited 153 GENERAL APPROPRIATION BILL Constitutional provision as to what it shall embraceL 149 Right of way in order of business 40 GENERAL LAWS How changed 4 146 GENERAL TAX BILL Right of way of L 3r 40 GOVERNOR Failure to return bill effect 156 Signature when required 41155157 Veto 444Y4 156 HOUR OF ADJOURNMENT Fixed by House 4Ih171 178 IMMEDIATE TRANSMISSION TO SENATE Twothirds vote necessary 48 203 INTOXICATION Rule No Member denied floor while in state of J 25 JOURNAL Absentees shown on L fc 133 Amendments to Constitution yeas and nays must be shown on 159 Appropriation of money yeas and nays shown 140 Committee duty to read y r 176 Committee of whole proceedings not shownL 129 Majority on passage of bills must be shownL 138 Names those not voting shown on 172 Yeas and nays to be shownLig139140 LAUDATORY REMARKS Prohibited in Nominations77r 7 28 LOCAL BILLS Constitutional requirement as to reading 142 Constitutional requirement as to noticefijgL7 162 Introduced when gg 46 Reading of third time and put on passage by unanimous consent gL 42 MAIN QUESTION Effect as to when votes had on motion for previous question707173 Minority report time allowed for debateijT 74 Motion to table supersedes wheng 69 Reconsideration of 70 When ordered call of House 76 When ordered vote how taken 72 MAJORITY Bill majority vote necessary to passgjk138 Elections majority vote necessary47 J7 191 Quorum majority necessaryJil136 MEMBERS Adjournment duty of at1 26 Arrest subject to when134135136 204 Rule No Attendance of compelled whenLcC134135136 Books and papers duty as to LT 177 fc Called to order for transgressing rules2 17 Changing votes how and when 189 Committee of whole right to speak0 L4 118 Committee of whole duty to vote ff 124 Conduct in debate117 Conversation and smoking prohibited L 1924 Debate how often to speak c SyJ 17 Debate individual speeches limitedL31 17 Debate reference to conversations happenings in committee and Senate prohibitedSLafeLa1 27 Decorum of L JL1719242627 Designation of members mode of Sp 20 Exceptions to words of procedure1LL 18 Expulsion of when4c 17154 Interrogating mode oflLg JHl 21 Intoxication denied floor when in state ofI 25 Introduction of bills name and county to be endorsed 51 Laudatory remarks in nominations 28 Members speaking duty of while 26 Misconduct in house and committee of whole 126154 Motion may make one at a time31 Motion must resume seat while being put 231 Motion prohibited from making nondebatable when L 35 Oath of prescribed137 Protests of proceedingsC kL 23 Retire when required toLvL 22 Seats drawing for 198 Vote shall not when interested L 22 Vote shall exception34124 MEMORIALS Manner of presentationssL 166 MEETING OF HOUSE Adjournment fixed by House1178 Time of meeting for daily sessionsmLl4 1 178 Constitutional provisions 153 205 MINORITY REPORTS Rule No How made1 187 Main question ordered privileged first signer 74 MESSAGES How sent announced received and considered 164 MESSENGER Arrest of members 4134135 Exofficio sergeantatarms J 134 Intoxicated member enforcement of ruleLr 25 General duties il181182 Speaker may suspend whenS 12 MOTIONS Information from executive department lie on table 188 Nondebatable prohibited when L 35 One at a time only 31 Order of priority 1 54 Order of business motion to change not debatable 45 Order of business motion to change vote necessary 53 Read papers motion to decide without debater 33 Rules motion to change or suspend vote necessary4v 43 Rules motion to change or suspend how submitted 414448 Seconding of unnecessary 170 Special orders motion to make how substituted 44 Strike out and insert motion to not divisible 39 Withdrawn how1 165 NEW MATTERS Information from executive department to lie on table 188 Unanimous consents for 42 NOMINATIONS Laudatory remarks prohibited 28 OATHS Of Clerk prescribed 168 Of Members prescribedI1iL 137 206 ORDER OF BUSINESS Rule No Changed how r434553 Motion to change not debatable 14 Motion to change vote necessaryff 4353 Priority of established jpri 194 Rules committee to fix during last twentyone daysij 53 f PARLIAMENTARY LAW Applicable when 4 192 PETITIONS Manner of presentationu4 166 PREAMBLE Not considered until resolution perfected10 PREVIOUS QUESTION Adjourn motion not in order after affirmative votes on 70 Adjournment effect arrival hour of House acting under 60 Affirmative votes resulti70717374 Applicable to what Call of House not in order after ordered except when 76 Call for sustained motion to table in orderjgj Exhausted must be before matters of words excepted to decided 18 Precedence of motion 54 POSTPONE Applicable to what definite and indefinitem 8087 Committee of whole motion to definitely postpone not in order 118 Debate motion to indefinitely postpone debatable but not amendable 79 Definitely postpone motion to amendable 84 Effect of affirmative action on motion to indefinitely postpone 78 Effect of affirmative action on motion to postpone to time definite 1 83 Effect of negative action 83 207 Indefinitely motion to when not applicable 80 Impossible day motion to postpone to treated how 85 Indefinitely motion to not renewableL Precedence of motion4 PRIVILEGE Personal privilege 10 Questions of what constitutes 190 PRIVILEGES OF FLOOR Who entitled to 1 PRINTING OF BILLS When ordered 49 PROTESTS OF MEMBERS 09 Procedure QUALIFYING PARAGRAPH Not a divisible questionjA 88 QUORUM Constitutional definition 186 READING OF PAPERS House determines by voteU 33 RECONSIDERATION Amendments when reconsideredft H2 Bills notice of motion when given 198 Bills notice not to be withdrawn when 109 Committee of whole motion in order 122 Effect of on bills H8 Main question ordered motion in order to reconsider 70 Motion in order but once on same subject matteri 110 Motions when in order HI REMONSTRANCES Manner of presentation6 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES Rule No Committees may report by bill or otherwise 167 Order of precedence T1 52 ROLL CALL Explanation of votes on rli 32 Debate none during1lg 30 How dispensed with ML 132 Speaker may order when 15 RULES Motion to suspend or change decided without debate 45 Suspended or changed how434445 RULES COMMITTEE Constituted and elected howMl 4 Effect of failure to report1iL 44 Order of business fixed by during last twentyone days 53 Report of in order whenIf 167 Special orders and motions to suspend rules duty to report on 4144 SALARIES Constitutional provision as to changing 161 SEATS Drawing for regulated J 198 SERGEANTATARMS Call of House duty ofvjla1 135 Messenger is exofficio 1 134 SIGNATURE OF SPEAKER AND CLERK When required 180 SILENCE Members to preserve when 19 209 SMOKING Rule No Prohibited 1t 24 SPEAKER Absence of Speaker pro tem to preside7 Adjournment members to remain until Speaker retires 26 Appeals from decision of1 891011 4 Appeals from decision of to be made at onceplu 10 Appeals from decision of no debate whenLlAi 9 Appointment of committees by 4196 Appointment of chairman of Committee of Whole 116 Appointment of Conference Committee 185 Attendance power to compel 134 Business priority of decided without debateif 16 Chairman Committee of Whole appointed by 116 Committees appointed bygi4196 Committee of Whole may resolve House into when 114 Committee of Whole assumes chair when 121 Committee of Whole receiving chairmans report i 128 Committee of Whole right to take part in 1 124 Courtesy of members to at adjournment 26 Doorkeeper Speaker may suspend 12 Galleries may be cleared byJp 13 Interrogation of members conducted through 21 Irrelevant debate power to suspend 1 Members Speaker may name to preside 6 Members courtesy due by at adjournment i126 Method of stating question byJg 5 Quorum duty of when no quorum voting 1415 c Recognition of members decided byiMi 3 Recognition of members for unanimous consent 42 Rules Committee Speaker exofficio memberI 196 Silence commanded by when 1 1 Suspension of officersiAsI 12 Vote Speaker required to when2 SPEAKER PRO TEM Absence of Speaker duty to preside 7 Election 7 SPECIAL COMMITTEE Priority of motion to commit in 89 210 SPECIAL LAWS Rule No Notice required 162 Prohibited when 146 SUBJECTMATTER Bills to contain but one and expressed in title5 144 SUBSTITUTE Amendment is Bill perfected before substitute 95 Motion to table not in order 61 SUSPENSION OF RULES How accomplished1434445 TABLE MOTION TO Amendment or substitute motion to table not in order 61 Amendment motion to table not subject to ip ffi 67 Application of what can be laid on table 68 Committee of Whole motion not in orderr 118 Debate motion to table not debatable 67 Effect when motion to table prevails i 63 Effect when motion to take from table prevails 6264 Effect when motion to take from table prevails where measure tabled after roll callLMfeif 65 Executive department information called from tabled one day 188 Main question motion to table in order after motion for previous question sustained 69 Main question motion to table not in order after House has voted that main question shall be now put20 69 Motion to take from when in orderfci 62 Previous question motion to table in order after call for sustained 11 69 Previous question motion to table not in order after main question ordered 69 Renewal of motions to table and take from whenT 66 Roll call motion not in order until completion 65 TWOTHIRDS VOTE NECESSARY WHEN Amendments to Constitution 159 211 Constitution Convention County Site changed or removedft Expulsion of membersJt Governors veto overridden1 L C155156 Prolongation of session UNANIMOUS CONSENTS Limitation and regulation of YEAS AND NAYS Adjournment effect when hour of arrives during vote by Amendments to Constitution x Changing votes after call of Committee of whole vote not taken by Explanation of votes when vote taken by Excuse from voting motion must be made before roll call begins M 11ii Journals to show wheniu1 139140 Journal to show names not voting Motion to table when in order when vote taken by Required when 72139140 Speaker may order when no quorum voting 160 158 154 157 155 42 60 159 189 118 32 34 141 172 65 141 15 CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF STATE CONSTITUTIONS JsJl 214 ARTICLE LBill of Rights4X217221 ARTICLE ILElective FranchiseQ221223 ARTICLE IIILegislative Department 223230 ARTICLE IVPower of General Assembly over Taxation230232 ARTICLE VExecutive Department LJL233239 ARTICLE VIJudiciary J H239250 ARTICLE VIIFinance Taxation and Public Debt250264 ARTICLE VIIIEducation LLjf264267 ARTICLE IXHomestead and Exemption 268 ARTICLE XMilitia jL 268 ARTICLE XICounties and Municipal Corporations 268270 ARTICLE XIIThe Laws of General Operation in Force in this StateL4 270 ARTICLE XIIIAmendments to the Constitution270271 ARTICLE XIVMerit System J271272 ARTICLE XVHome Rule rJlI 272 213 CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF ORGANIC ACTS AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS OF GEORGIA Charter of the Colony of Georgia 1732 Grant of George II King of Great Britain Constitution of 1777 Constitutional Convention Oct 1 1776Feb 5 1777 Constitution of 1789 Constitutional Convention Nov 424 1788 Jan 420 1789 May 46 1789 May 16 1795 Constitution of 1798 Constitutional Convention May 830 1798 4 Constitution of 1861 Constitutional Convention Jan 16March 23 1861 Constitution of 1865 Constitutional Convention Oct 25Nov 8 1865 Constitution of 1868 Constitutional Convention Dec 9 1867March 11 1868 Constitution of 1877 Constitutional Convention July 11 1877August 25 1877 Constitution of 1945 Ratified General Election August 7 1945 Governors Proclamation August 13 1945 214 Governors No 34 House Resolution No 11 A RESOLUTION Proposing as one single amendment to amend the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 and all amendments thereof by striking in their entirety Article I Bill of Rights Article II Elective Franchise Article III Legislative Department Article IV Power of the General Assembly Over Taxation Article V Executive Department Article VI Judiciary Article VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Article VIII Education Article IX Homesteads and Exemptions Article X Militia Article XI Counties and County Officers Article XII The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Article XIII Amendments to the Constitution and by inserting in lieu thereof after the Preamble of the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 new Articles as follows Article I Bill of Rights Article II Elective Franchise Article III Legislative Department Article IV Public Utilities Eminent Domain Police Power Insurance Companies Contracts etc Article V Executive Department Article VI Judiciary Article VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Article VIII Education Article IX Homesteads and Exemptions Article X Militia Article XI Counties and Municipal Corporations Article XII The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Article XIII Amendments to the Constitution Article XIV Merit System and Article XV Home Rule and to provide for the submission of the Amendment so proposed as one Amendment to the qualified voters of the State of Georgia for ratification or rejection at the General Election to be held in August 1945 WHEREAS the purpose of this single amendment is to coordinate k the proposed substantial principles of organic law into one subject matter of the Constitution it being impracticable otherwise than in one subject matter and one amendment to perfect the rearrangement sought and to render unnecessary the evil consequencs of a portion by portion adoption or rejection which would in case of adoption of some portions and rejection of others result in a Constitution lacking correlation NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA Section One That the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 and all Amendments thereof appearing after the Preamble be and it is hereby proposed to be amended as one single amendment by striking therefrom in their entirety Article I Bill of Rights Article II Elective Franchise Article III Legislative Department Article IV Power of the General Assembly Over Taxation Article V Executive Department Article VI Judiciary Article VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Article VIII Education Article IX Homesteads and Exemptions Article X Militia Article XI Counties and County Officers 215 Article XII The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Article XIII Amendments to the Constitution and inserting in lieu thereof new Articles Numbers I through XV inclusive so that when so amended the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 shall read beginning with the Preamble as follows 4 216 CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA PREAMBLE To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interest and happiness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidance of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution ARTICLE I Bill of Rights Section I Paragraph I Origin and foundation of government All government of right originates with the people is founded upon their will only and is instituted solely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them Paragraph II Protection the duty of government Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete Paragraph III Life liberty and property No person shall be deprived of life liberty or property except by due process of law Paragraph IV Right to the courts No person shall be deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the courts of this State in person by attorney or both Paragraph V Benefit of counsel accusation list of witnesses compulsory process trial by jury Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded shall have compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against him and shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury Paragraph VI Crimination of self not compelled No person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any manner to criminate himself 217 Art 1 Sec 1 Par 7 Paragraph VII Banishment and whipping as punishment for crime Neither banishment beyond the limits of the State nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed Paragraph VIII Jeopardy of life or liberty more than once forbidden No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offense save on his or her own motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of mistrial Paragraph IX Bail fines punishment arrest abuse of prisoners Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted nor shall any person be abused in being arrested while under arrest or in prison Paragraph X Costs No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial Paragraph XI Habeas corpus The writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended Paragraph XII Freedom of conscience All men have the natural and inalienable right to worship God each according to the dictates of his own conscience and no human authority should in any case control or interfere with such right of conscience Paragraph XIII Religious opinions liberty of conscience No inhabitant of this State shall be molested in person or property or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the right of liberty of conscience shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State Paragraph XIV Appropriations to churches sects etc forbidden No money shall ever be taken from the public Treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution Paragraph XV Liberty of speech or of the press guaranteed No law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of speech or of the press any person may speak write and publish his sentiments on all subjects being responsible for the abuse of that liberty Paragraph XVI Searches seizures and warrants The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the persons or things to be seized Paragraph XVII Slavery and involuntary servitude There shall be within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof 218 Art 1 Sec 1 Par 18 Paragraph XVIII Status of the citizen The social status of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation Paragraph XIX Civil authority superior to military The civil authority shall be superior to the military and no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as may be provided by law Paragraph XX Contempts The power of the Courts to punish for contempt shall be limited by legislative acts Paragraph XXI Imprisonment for debt There shall be no imprisonment for debt Paragraph XXII Arms right to keep and bear The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne Paragraph XXIII Legislative judicial and executive powers separate The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided Paragraph XXIV Right to assemble and petition The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested with the powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance Paragraph XXV Citizens protection of All citizens of the United States resident in this State are hereby declared citizens of this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the full enjoyment of the rights privileges and immunities due to such citizenship Section II Paragraph I Libel jury in criminal cases new trials In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the truth may be given in evidence and the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts The power of the judges to grant new trials in case of conviction is preserved Paragraph II Treason Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist in levying war against her adhering to her enemies giving them aid and comfort No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open court Paragraph III Conviction effect of No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate 219 Art 1 Sec 2 Par 4 Paragraph IV Lotteries All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hereby prohibited and this prohibition shall be enforced by penal laws Paragraph V Lobbying penalties Lobbying is declared to be a crime and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties Paragraph VI Fraud concealment of property The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor Section III Paragraph I Private ways just compensation In case of necessity private ways may be granted upon just compensation being first paid by the applicant Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid Paragraph II Attainder ex post facto and retroactive laws etc No bill of attainder ex post facto law retroactive law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grant of special privileges or immunities shall be passed Paragraph III Revocation of tax exemptions All exemptions from taxation heretofore granted in corporate charters are declared to be henceforth null and void Section IV Paragraph I General laws uniform operation how varied Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent Paragraph II What acts void Legislative acts in violation of this Constitution of the Constitution of the United States are void and the Judiciary shall so declare them Section V Paragraph I State rights The people of this State have the inherent sole and exclusive right of regulating their internal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness 220 Art 1 Sec 5 Par 2 Paragraph II Enumeration of rights not denial of others The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights which they may have hitherto enjoyed Section VI Paragraph I Tidewater titles confirmed The Act of the General Assembly approved December 6 1902 which extends the title of ownership of lands abutting on tidal water to low water mark is hereby ratified and confirmed ARTICLE II Elective Franchise Section I Paragraph I Elections by ballot registration of voters Elections by the people shall be by ballot and only those persons shall be allowed to vote who have been first registered in accordance with the requirements of law Paragraph II Who shall be an elector entitled to register and vote Every citizen of this State who is a citizen of the United States eighteen years old or upwards not laboring under any of the disabilities named in this Article and possessing the qualifications provided by it shall be an elector and entitled to register and vote at any election by the people Provided that no soldier sailor or marine in the military or naval services of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State Paragraph III Who entitled to register and vote To entitle a person to register and vote at any election by the people he shall have resided in the State one year next preceding the election and in the county in which he offers to vote six months next preceding the election Paragraph IV Qualifications of electors Every citizen of this State shall be entitled to register as an elector and to vote in all elections in said State who is not disqualified under the provisions of Section II of Article II of this Constitution and who possesses the qualifications prescribed in Pargaraphs II and III of this Section or who will possess them at the date of the election occurring next after his registration and who in addition thereto comes within either of the classes provided for in the two following subdivisions of this paragraph 1 All persons who are of good character and understand the duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government or 221 Art 2 Sec 1 Par 4 2 All persons who can correctly read in the English language any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State and correctly write the same in the English language when read to them by any one of the registrars and all persons who solely because of physical disability are unable to comply with the above requirements but who can understand and give a reasonable interpretation of any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State that may be read to them by any one of the registrars Paragraph V Appeal from decision of registrars Any person to whom the right of registration is denied by the registrars upon the ground that he lacks the qualifications set forth in the two subdivisions of Paragraph IV shall have the right to take an appeal and any citizen may enter an appeal from the decision of the registrars allowing any person to register under said subdivsons All appeals must be filed in writing with the registrars within ten days from the date of the decision complained of and shall be returned by the registrars to the office of the clerk of the superior court to be tried as other appeals Paragraph VI Judgment of force pending appeal Pending an appeal and until the final decision of the case the judgment of the registrars shall remain in full force Section II Paragraph I Registration of electors who disfranchised The Gen eral Assembly may provide from time to time for the registration of all electors but the following classes of persons shall not be permitted to register vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State towit 1st Those who shall have been convicted in any Vd court of competent jurisdiction of treason against the State of embezzlement of public funds malfeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in the penitentiary unless such persons shall have been pardoned 2nd Idiots and insane persons Section III Paragraph I Privilege of electors from arrest Electors shall in all cases except for treason felony larceny and breach of the peace be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections and in going to and returning from the same Section IV Paragraph I Holder of public funds No person who is the holder of any public money contrary to law shall be eligible to any office in this State until the same is accounted for and paid into the Treasury 222 Art 2 Sec 4 Par 1 Section V Paragraph I Sale of liquors on election days The General Assem bly shall by law forbid the sale of intoxicating drinks in this State or any political subdivision thereof on all days for the holding of any election in the area in which such election is held and prescribe punishk ment for any violation of the same Section VI Paragraph I Returns made to whom Returns of election for all civil officers elected by the people who are to be commissioned by the Governor and also for members of the General Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law ARTICLE III Legislative Department Section I Paragraph I Power vested in General Assembly The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives Section II Paragraph I Number of senators and senatorial districts The Senate shall consist of not more than fiftyfour members and there shall be not more than fiftyfour Senatorial Districts with one Senator from each District as now constituted or as hereafter created The various Senatorial Districts shall be comprised of the counties as now provided and the General Assembly shall have authority to create rearrange and change these Districts within the limitation herein stated Section III Paragraph I Number of representatives The House of Representatives shall consist of representatives apportioned among the several counties of the State as follows To the eight counties having the largest population three representatives each to the thirty counties having the next largest population two representatives each and to the remaining counties one representative each Paragraph II Apportionment changed how The above apportionment shall be changed by the General Assembly at its first session after each census taken by the United States Government in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph I of Section III of this article 223 Art 3 Sec 4 Par 1 Section IV Paragraph I Term of members The members of the General Assembly shall be elected for two years and shall serve until the time fixed by law for the convening of the next General Assembly Paragraph II Election when The first election for members of the General Assembly under this Constitution shall take place on Tuesday after the firstMonday in November 1946 and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of election is changed by law Paragraph III Meeting of the General Assembly The General Assembly shall meet in regular session on the second Monday in January 1947 and biennially thereafter on the same day until the date shall be changed by law By concurrent resolution adopted by a majority of members elected to both Houses the General Assembly may adjourn any regular session to such later date as it may fix for reconvening in regular session but shall remain in regular session no longer than seventy 70 days in the aggregate during the term for which the members were elected If it shall adjourn the first regular session before the expiration of seventy 70 days without fixing a date for reconvening the General Assembly shall reconvene in regular session on the second Monday in January of the next year unless it shall have adjourned sine die All business pending in the Senate or House at the adjournment of any regular session may be considered at any later regular session of the same General Assembly as if there had been no adjournment Nothing herein shall be construed to effect the power of the Governor to convoke the General Assembly in extraordinary session or the duty of the Governor to convene the General Assembly in extraordinary session upon the certificate of threefifths of the members elected to the Senate and the House of Representatives as provided in Article V Section I Paragraph XIII of this Constitution If an impeachment trial is pending at the end of any regular or extraordinary session the Senate may continue in sessipn until such trial is completed The provisions of Paragraph III Section IV of Article III of the Constitution which this Constitution supersedes which apply to the meetings of the General Assembly shall continue in force until the second Monday in January 1947 Paragraph IV Quorum A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each house may provide Paragraph V Oath of members Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or afirmation to wit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interests and prosperity of this State 224 Art 3 Sec 4 Par 6 Paragraph VI Eligibility appointments forbidden No person holding a military commission or other appointment or office having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under this State or the United States or either of them except Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either house nor shall any Senator or Representative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected unless he shall first resign his seat provided however that during the term for which he was elected no Senator or Representative shall be appointed to any civil office which has been created during such term Paragraph VII Removal from district or county effect of The seat of a member of either house shall be vacated on his removal from the district or county from which he was elected Section V Paragraph I Qualifications of Senators The Senators shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected Paragraph II President The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate A President Pro Tempore shall be elected viva voce from the Senators and shall act in case of the death resignation or disability of the President or in the event of his succession to the executive power Paragraph III Impeachments The Senate shall have the sole power to try impeachments Paragraph IV Trial of impeachments When sitting for that purpose the members shall be on oath or affirmation and shall be presided over by the Chief Justice or the Presiding Justice of the Supreme Court Should the Chief Justice be disqualified the Senate shall select a Justice of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of twothirds of the members present Paragraph V Judgments in impeachments Judgments in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this State but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law SECTION VI Paragraph I Qualifications of representatives The Representatives shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age 225 Art 3 Sec 6 Par 1 of twentyone years and who shall have been citizens of this State for two years and for one year residents of the counties from which elected Paragraph II Speaker The presiding officer of the House of Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of the House of Representatives and shall be elected viva voce from the body Paragraph III Power to impeach The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to vote impeachment charges against all persons who shall have been or may be in office Section VII Paragraph I Election returns etc disorderly conduct Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Paragraph II Contempts how punished Each House may punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session any person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House Paragraph III Privilege of members The members of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treason felony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either House Paragraph IV Journals and acts Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after its adjournment The General Assembly shall provide for the publication of the laws passed by each session Paragraph V Where journals kept The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of the Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof Paragraph VI Yeas and nays when taken The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal Paragraph VII Bills to be read Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection but the first and second reading of each local bill shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed 226 Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8 Paragraph VIII One subject matter expressed No law shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Paragraph IX General appropriation bill The General appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and for support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Paragraph X Bills for revenue All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Paragraph XI Public money how drawn No money shall be drawn from the Treasury except by appropriation made by law Paragraph XII Bills appropriating money No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each house are recorded Paragraph XIII Acts signed rejected bills All acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill or resolution intended to have the eifect of a law which shall have been rejected by either house shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected Paragraph XIV Majority of members to pass bill No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the Journal Paragraph XV Notice of intention to ask local legislation necessary No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the newspaper in which the Sheriffs advertisements for the locality affected are published once a week for three weeks during a period of sixty days immediately preceding its introduction into the General Assembly No local or special bill shall become law unless there is attached to and made a part of said bill a copy of said notice certified by the publisher or accompanied by an affidavit of the author to the effect that said notice has been published as provided by law No office to which a person has been elected shall be abolished nor the term of the office shortened or lengthened by local or special bill during the term for which such person was elected unless the same be approved by the people of the jurisdiction affected in a referendum on the question Where any local law shall add any member or members to any municipal or county governing authority the members of which are elected 227 Art 3 Sec 7 Par 15 ky the people such local law must provide that the member or members so added must be elected by a majority vote of the qualified voters of the political subdivision affected Paragraph XVI Statutes and sections of code how amended No law or section of the code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Paragraph XVII Corporate powers how granted The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the courts it may confer this authority to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to the judges of the superior courts of this State in vacation All corporate powers and privileges to banking trust insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law and if in any event the Secretary of State should be disqualified to act in any case then in that event the legislature shall provide by general laws by what person such charter shall be granted Paragraph XVIII Recognizances The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recog nizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officers Paragraph XIX Yeas and nays to be entered when Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both houses for the passage of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal Paragraph XX Powers of the General Assembly The General Assembly shall have the power to make all laws consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State Paragraph XXI Signature of Governor No provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto to submit constitutional amendments and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly Paragraph XXII Adjournments Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the 228 Art 3 Sec 7 Par 22 other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them Paragraph XXIII Zoning and planning laws The General Assembly of the State shall have authority to grant the governing authorities of the municipalities and counties authority to pass zoning and planning laws whereby such cities or counties may be zoned or districted for various uses and other or different uses prohibited therein and regulating the use for which said zones or districts may be set apart and regulating the plans for development and improvements on real estate therein Paragraph XXIV Civil service equal preference to veterans Neither the State of Georgia nor any political subdivision thereof shall inaugurate or maintain any civil service scheme of any nature whatever which fails to provide for honorably discharged veterans of any war and the said State of Georgia or any political subdivision shall if a civil service scheme is originated or is already in force provide equal preferences according to such veterans as now exist under Federal Civil Service Laws Paragraph XXV Street Railways The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporate town or city without the consent of the Corporate Authorities Section VIII Paragraph I Officers of the two houses The officers of the two houses other than the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House shall be a President Pro Tempore and Secretary of the Senate and Speaker Pro Tempore and Clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as each House may provide for Section IX Paragraph I Compensation expense and mileage The per diem of members of the General Assembly shall be 1000 per day plus the additional sum of 500 per day for maintenance expense and the mileage shall not exceed 10 cents for each mile traveled by the nearest practical route in going to and retikJning from the Capitol but the President Pro Tempore of the Senate when serving as presiding officer thereof and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive 1500 per day as per diem plus the additional sum of 500 per day for maintenance expense Section X Paragraph I Viva voce vote place of meeting All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on 229 Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1 the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result Section XI Paragraph I Salaries of elective officials how changed The General Assembly may at any time by a majority vote of both branches prescribe other and different salaries for all of the elective officers provided for in this Constitution but no such change shall affect the officers then in commission ARTICLE IV Public Utilities Eminent Domain Police Power Insurance Companies Contracts etc Section I Paragraph I Public utility tariffs and charges The power and authority of regulating railroad freight and passenger tariffs and of charges of public utilities for their services of preventing unjust discriminations and requiring reasonable and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs and of charges of public utilities are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall be to pass laws from time to time to regulate such tariffs and charges to prohibit unjust discriminations by the various railroads and public utilities of this State and to prohibit said railroads and public utilities from charging other than just and reasonable rates and to enforce the same by adequate penalties provided nevertheless that such power and authority shall never be exercised in any way to regulate or fix charges of such public utilities as are or may be owned or operated by any county or municipality of this State except as provided in this Constitution Paragraph II Rebates No public utility company shall give or pay any rebate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or do any act to mislead or deceive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freight or passage or services furnished any such payments shall be illegal and void and these prohibitions shall be enforced by suitable penalties Section II Paragraph I Right of eminent domain The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking property and franchises and subjecting them to public use 230 Art 4 Sec 2 Par 2 Paragraph II Police power The exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit the conduct of business in such manner as to infringe the equal rights of others or the general wellbeing of the State Section III Paragraph I Charters revived or amended subject to Constitution The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing nor alter or amend the same nor pass any other general or special law for the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its benefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation of said charter and shall bring the same under the provision of this Constitution Section IV Paragraph I Contracts to defeat competition All contracts and agreements which may have the effect or be intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition or to encourage monopoly shall be illegal and void The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to authorize any such contract or agreement r Paragraph II General Assembly to enforce Article The General Assembly shall enforce the provisions of this Article by appropriate legislation 4 Paragraph III Public Service Commission as constitutional offi cers There shall be a Public Service Commission for the regulation of utilities vested with the jurisdiction powers and duties now provided by law or that may hereafter be prescribed by the General Assembly not inconsistent with other provisions of this Constitution Such Commission shall consist of five members who shall be elected by the people A chairman shall be selected by the members of the Commission from its membership The first Commission under this amendment shall consist of the commissioners in office at the time of the adoption of this constitutional amendment and they shall serve until December 31 after the general election at which the successor of each member is elected Thereafter all succeeding terms of members shall be for six years The qualifications compensations filling of vacancies manner and time of election power and duties of members of the Commission including the chairman shall be such as are now or may hereafter be provided by the General Assembly Section V Paragraph I Wifes separate estate All property of the wife at the time of her marriage and all property given to inherited of V 231 Art 4 Sec 5 Par 1 acquired by her shall remain her separate property and not be liable for the debts of her husband Section VI Paragraph I Nonresident insurance companies All life insurance companies now doing business in this State or which may desire to establish agencies and do business in the State of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the Comptroller General of the State in which they are chartered or of this State the Insurance Commissioner or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policyholders Paragraph II License by Comptroller General When such showing is made to the Comptroller General of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State official having charge of the funds so deposited the Comptroller General of the State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the fees required by law Paragraph III Resident insurance companies guarantee fund All life insurance companies chartered by the State of Georgia or which may hereafter be chartered by the State shall before doing business m deposit with the Comptroller Genera of the State of Georgia or with some strong corporation which may be approved by said Comptroller General one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash to be subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of the policyholders of the company making such deposit all interest and dividends from such securities to be paid when due to the company so depositing Any such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may be taken from said department at any time by replacing them with other securities equally acceptable to the Comptroller General whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company Paragraph IV General Assembly to enact laws for peoples protection etc The General Assembly shall from time to time enact laws to compel all fire insurance companies doing business in this State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit reasonable securities with the Treasurer of this State to secure the people against loss by the operations of said companies Paragraph V Reports by insurance companies The General Assembly shall compel all insurance companies in this State or doing business therein under proper penalties to make annual reports to the Comptroller General and print the same at their own expense for the information and protection of the people 232 Art 5 Sec 1 Par 1 ARTICLE V Executive Department Section I Paragraph I Governor Term of Office Salary etc The executive power shall be vested in a Governor who shall hold his office during the term of four years and until his successor shall be chosen and qualified The Governor serving at the time of the adoption of this Constitution and future Governors shall not be eligible to succeed themselves and shall not be eligible to hold the office until after the expiration of four years from the conclusion of his term of office He shall have a salary of seven thousand five hundred dollars per annum until January 11947 The salary of the Governor for each year thereafter shall be twelve thousand dollars per annum until otherwise provided by a law passed by a majority vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the United States or either of them or from any foreign power The State officers required by this Constitution to be elected at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor shall also hold office for four years Paragraph II Election for Governor The first election for Governor under this Constitution shall be held on Tuesday after the first Monday in November of 1946 and the Governorelect shall be installed in office at the next session of the General Assembly An election shall take place quadrennially thereafter on said date until another date be fixed by the General Assembly Said election shall be held at the places of holding general elections in the several counties of this State in the manner prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly and the electors shall be the same Paragraph III Returns of elections The returns for every election of Governor shall be sealed up by the managers separately from other returns and directed to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives and transmitted to the Secretary of Sfate who shall without opening said returns cause the same to be laid before the Senate on the day after the two houses shall have been organized and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives Paragraph IV How returns published The members of each branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives shall open and publish the returns in the presence and under the direction of the General Assembly and the person having the majority of the whole number of votes shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State but if no person shall have such majority then from the two persons having the highest number of 233 Art 5 Sec 1 Par 4 votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed for the General Assembly to elect the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor viva voce and in all cases of election of a Governor by the General Assembly a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice Paragraph V Contested elections Contested elections shall be determined by both houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law Paragraph VI Qualifications of Governor No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the State six years and who shall not have attained the age of thirty years Paragraph VII Lieutenant Governor Succession to executive power There shall be a Lieutenant Governor who shall be elected at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor He shall be President of the Senate and shall receive the sum of 200000 per annum In case of the death resignation or disability of the Governor the Lieutenant Governor shall exercise the executive power and receive the compensation of the Governor until the next general election for members of the General Assembly at which a successor to the Governor shall be elected for the unexpired term but if such death resignation or disability shall occur within thirty days of the next general election or if the term will expire within ninety days after the next general election the Lieuten ant Governor shall exercise the executive power and receive the compensation of the Governor for the unexpired term If the Lieutenant Governor shall become a candidate for the unexpired term of the Governor he shall thereby resign his office as Lieutenant Governor p effective upon the qualification of the Governor elected for the unexpired term and his successor for the unexpired term shall be elected at such election In case of the death resignation or disability of both the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the executive power until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor at a special election which shall be held within sixty days from the date on which the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall assume the executive power A Lieutenant Governor shall be elected at the general election in 1946 and shall qualify at the same time as the Governor Until the qualification of a Lieutenant Governor the provisions of Article V Section I Paragraph VIII of the Constitution of Georgia of 1877 shall remain of full force and effect Paragraph VIII Unexpired terms filling of The General Assembly shall have power to provide by law for filling unexpired terms by special elections except as provided in this Constitution Paragraph IX Oath of office The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of his office take the following oath or affirmation 234 Art 5 Sec 1 Par 9 I do solemnly swear or affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor of the State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America Paragraph X Commanderinchief The Governor shall be commanderinchief of the army and navy of this State and of the militia thereof Paragraph XI Reprieves and pardons State Board of Pardons and Paroles The Governor shall have power to suspend the execution of a sentence of death after conviction for offenses against the State until the State Board of Pardons and Paroles hereinafter provided shall have an opportunity of hearing the application of the convicted person for any relief within the power of such Board or for any other purpose which may be deemed necessary by the Governor Upon conviction for treason the Governor may only suspend the execution of the sentence and report the case to the General Assembly at the next meeting thereof when the General Assembly shall either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant a further reprieve The Governor shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body each case of suspension of sentence stating the name of the convict the offense for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the reprieve or suspension and the reasons for granting the same He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State There shall be a State Board of Pardons and Paroles composed of three members who shall be appointed by the Governor and confirmed by the Senate Appointments made at times when the Senate is not in session shall be effective ad interim The first members shall be appointed for terms of three five and seven years respectively to be designated by the Governor and all subsequent appointments shall be for a period of seven years except in case of an unexpired term The Governor shall not be a member of the State Board of Pardons and Paroles The members of the State Board of Pardons and Paroles shall each receive an annual salary of 500000 payable monthly The State Board of Pardons and Paroles shall have power to grant reprieves pardons and paroles to commute penalties remove disabilities imposed by law and may remit any part of a sentence for any offense against the State after conviction except in cases of treason or impeachment and except in cases in which the Governor refuses to suspend a sentence of death Provided that such board shall act on all applications within 90 days from the filing of same and in all cases a majority shall decide the action of the Board Except if any member for any cause is unable to serve in any case involving capital punishment the Governor shall act as the third member of said Board and the action so taken in such instance shall be by unanimous vote The State Board of Pardons and Paroles shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body in full detail each case of pardon parole commutation removal of disabilities or remission of sentences granted stating the name of the convict the offense for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the 235 Art 5 Sec 1 Par 11 pardon parole commutation removal of disabilities or remission of sentence and the reasons for granting the same and the State Board of Pardons and Paroles may make rules and regulations as may be authorized by law The first Board of Pardons and Paroles under this provision may be those in office under an act of the General Assembly creating such a Board existing at the time of the adoption of this amendment which if so existing shall be in lieu of such a Board to be created by the General Assembly subsequent to the adoption of this amendment and which Board shall have all the rights privileges powers and duties the same as if it was so subsequently created and the terms of members of such Board shall date from the time specified in the existing Act of the General Assembly The General Assembly may enact laws in aid of but not inconsistent with this amendment Paragraph XII Writs of election called sessions of the General Assembly The Governor shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate and the House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly from time to time information of the State of the Commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient The Governor shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be enacted at called sessions of the General Assembly except such as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them Providing that such called sessions of the General Assembly shall not exceed 70 days in length unless at the expiration of said period there shall be pending an impeachment trial of some officer of the State Government in which the General Assembly will be authorized to remain in session until such trial shall have been completed Provided however that when threefifths of the members elected to the House of Representativs and threefifths of the members elected to the Senate shall have certified to the Governor of the State of Georgia that in their opinion an emergency exists in the affairs of the State of Georgia it shall thereupon be the duty of said Governor and mandatory upon him within five days from the receipt of such certificate or certificates to convene said General Assembly in extraordinary session for all purposes and in the event said Governor shall within said time Sundays excluded fail or refuse to convene said General Assembly as aforesaid then and in that event said General Assembly may convene itself in extraordinary session as if convened in regular session for all purposes provided that such extraordinary self convened session shall be limited to a period of 30 days unless at the expiration of said period there shall be pending an impeachment trial of some officer of the State Government in which event the General Assembly shall be authorized to remain in session until such trial shall have been completed The members of the General Assembly shall receive the same per diem and mileage during such extraordinary session as is now or may be hereafter provided 236 Art 5 Sec 1 Par 13 Paragraph XIII Filling vacancies When any office shall become vacant by death resignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided by law and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution or by law in pursuance thereof Paragraph XIV Appointments rejected A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter Paragraph XV Governors veto The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each house may pass a law notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House Paragraph XVI Governor to approve resolutions etc Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each house provided however that nothing contained in this Article shall be construed to confer on the Governor the right to veto or enter his disapproval of any proposal made by the General Assembly to amend this Constitution Paragraph XVII Information from officers and employees suspension of officers The Governor may require information in writing from Constitutional officers department heads and all State employees on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices or employment The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of any Constitutional officer or department head from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same Section II Other Executive Officers Paragraph I Executive Officers How Elected The Secretary of State Attorney General State School Superintendent Comptroller General Treasurer Commissioner of Agriculture and Commissioner of Labor shall be elected by the persons qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor The provisions of the Constitution as to the transmission of the returns of the election counting the votes declaring the 237 Art 5 Sec 2 Par 1 results deciding when there is no election and when there is a contested election applicable to the election of Governor shall apply to the election of the above named executive officers they shall be com missioned by the Governor and hold their offices for the same time as the Governor Paragraph II Duties Authority and Salaries of Other Executive Officers The General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the duties authority and salaries of the executive officers and to provide help and expenses necessary for the operation of the department of each Paragraph III Profit From Use of Public Money No State official shall be allowed directly or indirectly to receive any fee interest or reward from any person bank or corporation for the deposit or use in any manner of the public funds and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties Paragraph IV Qualifications No person shall be eligible to the office of the Secretary of State Attorney General State School Superintendent Comptroller General Treasurer Commissioner of Agriculture and Commissioner of Labor unless he shall have been a citizen of the United States for ten years and shall have resided in this State foi six years next preceding his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when elected All of said officers shall give bond and security under regulation to be prescribed by law for the faithful discharge of their duties Paragraph V Fees and Perquisites Denied No State official named in Paragraph I of this Section shall be allowed any fee percjuisite or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by law except their necessary expenses when absent from the seat of govern ment on business for the State Section III Paragraph I Great seal what constitutes custody when affixed to instruments The great seal of the State shall be deposited in the Of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall be the great seal of the State until otherwise provided by law Section IV Paragraph I Game and Fish Commission There is hereby created a State Game and Fish Commission Said Commission shall consist of one member from each Congressional District in this State and one additional member from one of the following named counties towit Chatham Bryan Liberty McIntosh Glynn or Camden The first members of the Commission shall consist of those in office at the time this Constitution is adopted with terms provided by law Thereafter all succeeding appointments shall be made by the Governor and 238 Art 5 Sec 4 Par 1 confirmed by the Senate for a term of seven years from the expiration of the previous term All members of the Commission shall hold office until their successors are appointed and qualified Vacancies in office shall be filled by appointment of the Governor and submitted to the Senate for confirmation at the next session of the General Assembly after the making of the appointment The Commission shall have such powers authority duties and shall receive such compensation and expenses as may be delegated or provided for by the General Assembly Section V State Board of Corrections Paragraph I State Board of Corrections How Composed Director There shall be a State Board of Corrections composed of five members in charge of the State Penal System The Board shall have such jurisdiction powers duties and control of the State Penal System and the inmates thereof as shall be provided by law The Board shall elect a Director of Corrections who shall be the executive officer of the Board The Board of Corrections shall be appointed by the Governor with the consent of the Senate The first appointment shall be for terms of one two three four and five years and their successors shall be appointed for terms of five years each The compensation of the Director and members of the Board shall be fixed by law Section VI State Department of Veterans Service Paragraph I Veterans Service Board How Composed Director There shall be a State Department of Veterans Service and Veterans Service Board composed of seven members who shall have such control duties powers and jurisdiction of the State Department of Veterans Service as shall be provided by law Said Board shall appoint a director who shall be the executive officer of the Department Members of the Board shall be appointed by the Governor with the advice and consent of the Senate and all members of the Board and the Director shall be veterans of some war in which the United States has engaged The first appointments shall be for terms of one two three four five six and seven years Thereafter all terms and appointments except in case of vacancy shall be for seven years Vacancies shall be filled by appointment of the Governor ARTICLE VI Judiciary Section I Paragraph I Courts Enumerated The judicial powers of this State shall be vested in a Supreme Court a Court of Appeals Superior 239 Art 6 Sec 1 Par 1 Courts Courts of Ordinary Justices of the Peace Notaries Public who are exofficio Justices of the Peace and such other Courts as have been or may be established by law Section II Paragraph I Supreme Court Justices Quorum The Supreme Court shall consist of seven associate justices who shall from time to time as they may deem proper elect one of their member as Chief Justice and one as Presiding Justice the office of Chief Justice as it has heretofore existed under this Constitution being hereby converted into the office of an associate justice with the same right of incumbency and the same succession as to terms as applied to the former office The Chief Justice so elected by the other Justices shall be the chief presiding and administrative officer of the court and the Presiding Justice elected in like manner shall perform all the duties devolving upon the Chief Justice when he is absent or disqualified A majority of the court shall constitute a quorum Paragraph II Cdurt to Designate Judges to Preside When Means for Supreme Court to Prevent Delay in Congested Dockets When one or more of the Justices of the Supreme Court are disqualified from deciding any case by interest or otherwise the qualified Justices shall designate a judge or judges of the Superior Court to preside in said case provided that if all the justices are disqualified they or a majority of them shall despite their disqualification select seven judges of the superior court to preside in the cause but they shall make such selec tions by lot and in open court from not less than twelve names of such superior court judges Paragraph III Terms of Office The Justices aforesaid shall hold f their offices for six years and until their successors are qualified They shall be elected by the people at the same time and in the same manner as members of the General Assembly provided that the successors to the two incumbents whose terms will expire on December 31 1946 shall be elected for the succeeding terms at the time of electing members of the General Assembly during that year successors to the two incumbents whose terms will expire on December 31 1948 shall be elected in like manner during that year successors to the two incumbents whose terms will expire on December 31 1950 shall be elected in like manner during that year and provided further that an additional or seventh Justice shall be immediately appointed by the Governor his tenure under such appointment to expire on December 31 1946 and his successor for the ensuing regular term of six years to be elected at the time and in the manner aforesaid at such general election to be held during that year and all terms except unexpired terms shall be for six years In case of any vacancy which causes an unexpired term the same shall be filled by executive appointment and the person appointed by the Governor shall hold his office until the next regular election and until his successor for the balance of the unexpired term shall have been elected 240 3 Art 6 Sec 2 Par 3 and qualified The returns of such elections shall be made to the Secretary of State who shall certify the result to the Governor and commission shall issue accordingly Paragraph IV Jurisdiction of Supreme Court The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a court alone for the trial and correction of errors of law from the superior courts and the city courts of Atlanta and Savannah as existed on August 16 1916 and such other like courts as have been or may hereafter be established in other cities in all cases that involve the construction of the Constitution of the State of Georgia or of the United States or of treaties between the United States and foreign governments in all cases in which the constitutionality of any law of the State of Georgia or of the United States is drawn in question and until otherwise provided by law in all cases respecting title to land in all equity cases in all cases which involve the validity of or the construction of wills in all cases of conviction of a capital felony in all habeas corpus cases in all cases involving extraordinary remedies in all divorce and alimony cases and in all cases certified to it by the Court of Appeals for its determination It shall also be competent for the Supreme Court to require by certiorari or otherwise any case to be certified to the Supreme Court from the Court of Appeals for review and determination with the same power and authority as if the case had been carried by writ of error to the Supreme Court Any case carried to the Supreme Court or to the Court of Appeals which belongs to the class of which the other court has jurisdiction shall until otherwise provided by law be transferred to the other court under such rules as the Supreme Court may prescribe and the cases so transferred shall be heard and determined by the court which has jurisdiction thereof The General Assembly may provide for carrying cases or certain classes of cases to the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals from the trial courts otherwise than by writ of error and may prescribe conditions as to the right of a party litigant to have his case reviewed by the Supreme Court or Court of Appeals The Supreme Court shall also have jurisdiction of and shall decide cases transferred to it by the Court of Appeals because of an equal division between the judges of that Court when sitting as a body for the determination of cases Paragraph V Cases how disposed of The Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals shall dispose of every case at the term for which it is entered on the courts docket for hearing as provided by Paragraph VIII of this Article and Section or at the next term If the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared to prosecute the case at the term for which it is so entered for hearing unless prevented by providential cause it shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed No writ of error shall be dismissed because of delay in transmission of the bill of exceptions and the copy of the record or either of them resulting from the default of the clerk or other cause unless it shall appear that the plaintiff in error or his counsel caused such delay Nothing herein shall be construed to excuse the clerk for any omission of duty or to relieve him of any liability resulting therefrom 241 Art 6 Sec 2 Par 6 Paragraph VI Judgments may be withheld In any case the Court may in its discretion withhold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued Paragraph VII The Supreme Court how cases to be heard and determined The Supreme Court shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting in a body under such regulations as may be 4 prescribed by it Paragraph VIII Court of Appeals The Court of Appeals shall consist of the Judges provided therefor by law at the time of the ratification of this amendment and of such additional Judges as the General Assembly shall from time to time prescribe All terms of the Judges of the Court of Appeals after the expiration of the terms of the Judges provided for by law at the time of the ratification of this amendment except unexpired terms shall continue six years and until their successors are qualified The times and manner of electing Judges and the mode of filling a vacancy which causes an unexpired term shall be the same as are or may be provided for by the laws relating to the election and appointment of Justices of the Supreme Court The Court of Appeals shall have jurisdiction for the trial and correction of errors of law from the superior courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah as they existed on August 19 1916 and such other like courts as have been or may hereafter be established in other cities in all cases in which such jurisdiction has not been conferred by this Constitution upon the Supreme Court and in such other cases as may hereafter be prescribed by law except that where a case is pending in the Court of Appeals and the Court of Appeals desires instruction from the Supreme Court it may certify the same to the Supreme Court and thereupon a transcript of the record shall be transmitted to the Supreme Court which after having afforded to the parties an opportunity to be heard thereon shall instruct the Court of Appeals 4 on the question so certified and the Court of Appeals shall be bound by the instruction so given But if by reason of equal division of opinion among the Justices of the Supreme Court no such instruction is given the Court of Appeals may decide the question The manner of certifying questions to the Supreme Court by the Court of Appeals and the subsequent proceedings in regard to the same in the Supreme Court shall be as the Supreme Court shall by its rules prescribed until otherwise provided by law No affirmance of the judgment of the court below in cases pending in the Court of Appeals shall result from delay in disposing of questions or cases certified from the Court of Appeals to the Supreme Court or as to which such certificate has been required by the Supreme Court as hereinbefore provided All writs of error in the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals when received by its clerk during a term of the Court and before the docket of the term is by order of the Court closed shall be entered thereon and when received at any other time shall be entered on the docket of the next term and they shall stand for hearing at the term for which they are so entered under such rules as the Court may prescribe until otherwise provided by law The Court of Appeals shall appoint a clerk and a sheriff of the court The reporter of the Supreme Court shall be 242 Art 6 Sec 2 Par 8 reporter of the Court of Appeals until otherwise provided by law The laws relating to the Supreme Court as to qualifications and salaries i of Judges the designation of other Judges to preside when members of the Court are disqualified the powers duties salaries fees and terms of officers the mode of carrying cases to the Court the powers practice procedure times of sitting and costs of the Court the publicai tion of reports of cases decided therein and in all other respects except as otherwise provided in this Constitution or by the laws as to the Court of Appeals at the time of the ratification of this amendment and until otherwise provided by law shall apply to the Court of Appeals so far as they can be made to apply The decisions of the Supreme Court shall bind the Court of Appeals as precedents The Court of Appeals shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting in a body except as may be otherwise provided by the General Assembly In the event of an equal division of judges on any case when the Court is sitting as a body the case shall be immediately transferred to the Supreme Court Section III Superior Courts Paragraph I Terms etc of Superior Court Judges There shall be a judge of the Superior Courts for each judicial circuit whose term of office shajl be for four years and until his successor is qualified w He may act in other circuits when authorized by law The legislature shall have authority to add one or more additional judges of the superior court for any judicial circuit in this State and shall have authority to regulate the manner in which the judges of such circuits shall dispose of the business thereof and shall fix the time at which the term or terms of office of such additional judge or judges shall begin and the manner of his appointment or election and shall have authority from time to time to add to the number of such judges in any judicial circuit or to reduce the number of judges in any judicial circuit provided that at all times there shall be at least one judge in every judicial circuit of this State Paragraph III Elections when to be held The successors to the present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the whole State entitled to vote for member of the General Assembly at the general election held for such members next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Paragraph III Terms begin when The terms of the judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their elections Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointments of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected f 243 tf Art 6 Sec 4 Par 1 Section IV Paragraph I Exclusive jurisdiction The Superior Courts shall 3 have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce in criminal cases where the offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement in the penitentiary in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases Paragraph II Equity may be merged in common law courts The General Assembly may confer upon the Courts of common law all the powers heretofore exercised by Courts of equity in this State Paragraph III General jurisdiction Said Courts shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases except as hereinafter provided Paragraph IV Appellate jurisdiction They shall have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may be provided by law Paragraph V Certiorari mandamus etc They shall have power to correct errors in inferior judicatories by writ of certiorari which shall only issue on the sanction of the Judge and said Courts and the judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus prohibition scire facias and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall have such other powers as are or may be conferred on them by law Paragraph VI New trials The Superior and City Courts may grant new trials on legal grounds Paragraph VII Judgment of the court The Court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases except actions ex delicto where no issuable defense is filed except as otherwise provided in this Constitution and subject to the right of trial by a jury on written demand of either party f Paragraph VIII Sessions The Superior Courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law The judges of said Courts may on reasonable notice to the parties at any time in vacation at chambers hear and determine by interlocutory or final judgment any matter or issue where a jury verdict is not required of may be waived Paragraph IX Presiding judge disqualified The General Assembly may provide by law for the appointment of some proper person to preside in cases where the presiding judge is from any cause disqualified Section V Paragraph I Judges of superior and city courts may alternate when In any county within which there is or hereafter may be a city Court the Judge of said Court and of the Superior Court may preside in the Courts of each other in cases where the judge of either Court is disqualified to preside 244 Art 6 Sec 6 Par 1 Section VI ft Paragraph I Appeals from Ordinary The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Probate shall be vested in an Ordinary for each county from whose decision there may be an appeal or by consent of parties without a decision to the Superior Courc under regulations t prescribed by law Paragraph II Powers The Courts of Ordinary shall have such powers in relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conferred on them by law The Court of Ordinary shall have jurisdiction to issue warrants try cases and impose sentences thereon in all misdemeanor cases arising under the Act known as the Georgia State Highway Patrol Act of 1987 and other traffic laws and in ail cases arising under the Compulsory School Attendance law in all counties of this State in which there is no city or county court provided the defendant waives a jury trial Like jurisdiction is also conferred upon the judges of the police courts of incorporated cities and municipal court judges for offense arising under the Act known as the Georgia State Highway Patrol Act of 1987 and other traffic laws of the State within their respective jurisdiction Paragraph III Term of office The Ordinary shall hold his office for the term of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified Section VII 4 Justices of the Peace Paragraph I Number and Term of Office There shall be in each militia district one justice of the peace whose official term execpt when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be for four years Provided however that the General Assembly may in its discretion abolish justice courts and the office of justice of the peace and of notary public exofficio justice of the peace in any city of this State having a population of over twentythousand and establish in lieu thereof such court or courts or system of courts as the General Assembly may in its discretion deem necessary conferring upon such new court or courts or system of courts when so established the jurisdiction as to subject matter now exercised by justice courts and by justices of the peace and notaries public exofficio justices of the peace together with such additional jurisdiction either as to amount or subjectmatter as may be provided by law whereof some other court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitution together with such provision as to rules and procedure in such courts and as to new trials and the correction of errors in and by said courts and with such further provision for the correction of errors by the Superior Court or Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or author 245 Art 6 Sec 7 Par 1 ize Any court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down in Paragraph I of Section IX of Article VI of the Constitution of Georgia Provided however that the General Assembly may in its discretion abolish justice courts and the office of justice of the peace and notary public exofficio justice of the peace in any county in this State having within its borders a city having a population of over twenty thousand and as well in the County of Glynn and establish in lieu thereof such court or courts or system of courts as the General Assembly may in its discretion deem necessary or conferring upon existing courts by extension of their jurisdiction as to subject matter now exercised by justice courts and by justices of the peace and notaries public exofficio justices of the peace together with such additional jurisdiction either as to amount or to subjectmatter as may be provided by law whereof some other court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitution together also with such provisions as to rules and procedure in such courts and as to new trials and the correction of errors in and by said courts and with such further provision for the correction of errors by the superior court or the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or authorize The civil court of Fulton County shall have jurisdiction in Fulton County and outside the city limits of Atlanta either concurrently with or supplemental to or in lieu of justice courts as may be now or hereafter provided by law Any court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down in Paragraph I of Section IX of Article VI of the Constituton of Georgia Paragraph II Jurisdiction Justices of the peace shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases arising ex contractu and in cases of injury or damage to and conversion of personal property when the principal sum does not exceed two hundred dollars and shall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may be an appeal to a jury in said court or an appeal to the Superior Court under such regulation as may be prescribed by law Paragraph III Elections and commissions Justices of the peace shall be elected by the legal voters in their respective districts and shall be commissioned by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office Section VIII Notaries Public Paragraph I Appointment number term removal Commissioned notaries public not to exceed one for each militia district may be appointed by the judges of the superior courts in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries of the several counties They shall be commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall be exofficio justices of the peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office 246 Art 6 Sec 9 Par 1 Section IX M Uniformity of Courts Paragraph I Uniformity provided for Except as otherwise provided in this Constitution the jurisdiction powers proceedings and practice of all courts or officers invested with judicial powers except City Courts of the same grade or class so far as regulated by law and the force and effect of the process judgment and decree by such courts severally shall be uniform This uniformity must be established by the General Assembly and in case of City Courts may be established by the General Assembly Section X Attorney General Paragraph I Election term of office There shall be an Attorney General of this State who shall be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor Paragraph II Duties It shall be the duty of the Attorney General to act as the legal adviser of the Executive Department to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all Capital felonies and in all Civil and Criminal Cases in any Court when required by the Governor and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law Section XI Solicitors General Paragraph I Number term of office vacancies There shall be a solicitor general for each judicial circuit whose official term except to fill a vacancy shall be four years The successors of present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the whole State qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of 30 days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected Paragraph II Duties It shall be the duty of the Solicitor General to represent the State in all cases in the Superior Courts of his Circuit and in all cases taken up from the Superior Courts of his Circuit to the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law Section XII Salaries of Justicesudges and Solicitors General Paragraph I Salaries of Justices Judges and Solicitors General The Justices of the Supreme Court each shall have out of the treasury 247 Art 6 Sec 12 Par 1 of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Court of Appeals each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 8000 per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts each shall have 1 out of the treasury of the State salaries of 6000 per annum and the Solicitors General shall each have out of the treasury of the State a salary of 25000 per annum with the right of the General Assembly to authorize any county to supplement the salary of a judge of the Superior Court and Solicitor General of the Judicial Circuit in which such county lies out of county funds provided however where such salary is at the time of the adoption of this Constitution being supplemented out of county funds under existing laws such laws shall remain in force until altered by the General Assembly Provided further that the Board of County Commissioners of Richmond County or the Ordinary or such other board or person as may from time to time have charge of the fiscal affairs of said county shall without further legislative action continue to supplement from said Countys treasury the salary of the Judge of Superior Court of the circuit of which the said County of Richmond is a part by the sum of Two Thousand 2000 Dollars per annum which shall be in addition to the amount received by said judge out of the State treasury and such payments are declared to be a part of the court expenses of said County and such payment shall be made to the judge now in office during his present or subsequent terms as well as to his successors with the authority in the General Assembly to increase such salary from the County treasury as above provided Paragraph II Powers to abolish or reinstate fees of Solicitor Gen eral The General Assembly shall have power at any time by a majority vote of each branch to abolish the fees at present accruing to the office of solicitor general in any particular judicial circuit and in lieu thereof to prescribe a salary for such office without regard to f the uniformity of such salaries in the various circuits and shall have the further power to determine what disposition shall be made of the fines forfeitures and fees accruing to the office of solicitor general in any such judicial circuit where the fees are abolished and likewise shall have the further power if it so desires to abolish such salary and reestablish such fees but in either event when so changed the change shall not become effective until the end of the term to which the solicitor general was elected Section XIII Qualifications of Justices Judges Etc Paragraph I Age citizenship practice of law No person shall be Justice of the Supreme Court Court of Appeals Judge of Superior Courts or Attorney General unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty yearsland shall have been a citizen of the State three years and have practiced law for seven years and no person shall be hereafter elected Solicitor General unless at the time of his election he shall have attained twentyfive years of age shall 248 I have been a citizen of the State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his election Section XIV Venue Paragraph I Divorce cases Divorce cases shall be brought in the county where the defendant resides if a resident of this state if the defendant be not a resident of this state then in the county in which the plaintiff resides provided that any person who has been a resident of any United States Army Post or military reservation within the State of Georgia for one year next preceding the filing of the petition may bring an action for divorce in any county adjacent to said United States Army Post or military reservation Paragraph II Land titles Cases respecting titles to land shall be tried in the county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by a county line in which case the Superior Court of either county shall have jurisdiction Paragraph III Equity cases Equity cases shall be tried in the county where a defendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed Paragraph IV Suits against joint obligors copartners etc Suits against joint obligors joint promissors copartners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried in either county Paragraph V Suits against maker endorser etc Suits against the maker and endorser of promissory notes or drawer acceptor and endorser of foreign or inland bills of exchange or like instruments residing in different counties shall be brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides Paragraph VI All other caes All other civil cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall be tried in the county where the crime was committed except cases in the Superior Courts where the Judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot be obtained in such county Section XV Change of Venue Paragraph I Power to change venue The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the Superior Courts to be exercised in such manner as has been or shall be provided by law Section XVI Jury Trial Paragraph I Right of trial by jury The right of trial by jury except where it is otherwise provided in this Constitution shall re Art 6 Sec 16 Par 1 main inviolate but the General Assembly may prescribe any number not less than five to constitute a trial or traverse jury except in the Superior Court Paragraph II Selection of jurors The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most experienced intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors The General Assmbly shall have the power to require jury service of women also under such regulations as the General Assembly may prescribe Paragraph III Compensation of jurors It shall be the duty of the General Assembly by general laws to prescribe the manner of fixing compensation of jurors in all counties in this State Section XVII County Commissioners Paragraph I Power to create County Commissioners The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the creation of county commissioners in such counties as may require them and to define their duties Section XVIII What Courts May Be Abolished i Paragraph I Power to abolish courts All courts not specially mentioned by name in the first section of this Article may be abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly Paragraph II Supreme Court cost Pauper oath The cost in the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals shall not exceed 1500 until otherwise provided by law Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said courts when the usual pauper oath is filed in the court below ARTICLE VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Section I Power of Taxation Paragraph I Taxation a sovereign right The right of taxation is a sovereign rightinalienable indestructibleis the life of the State and rightfully belongs to the people in all Republican governments and neither the General Assembly nor any nor all other departments of the Government established by this Constitution shall ever have the 250 k Art 7 Sec 1 Par 1 authority to irrevocably give grant limit or restrain this right and all laws grants contracts and all other acts whatsoever by said government or any department thereof to affect any of these purposes shall be and are hereby declared to be null and void for every purpose whatsoever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of and revocable by the State notwithstanding any gift grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party Paragraph II Taxing power limited 1 The General Assembly shall not by vote resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of any person corporation or association 2 The General Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after the service has been rendered or the coptract entered into 3 The levy of taxes on property for any one year by the General Assembly for all purposes except to provide for repelling invasions suppressing insurrections or defending the State in time of war shall not exceed five 5 mills on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in the State 4 No poll tax shall be levied to exceed one dollar annually upon each poll Paragraph III Uniformity classification of property All taxes shall be levied and collected under general laws and for public purposes only All taxation shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax Classes of subjects for taxation of property shall consist of tangible property and one or more classes of intangible personal property including money The General Assembly shall have the power to classify property including money for taxation and to adopt different rates and different methods for different classes of such property Paragraph IV Exemptions from taxation The General Assembly may by law exempt from taxation all public property places of religious worship or burial all institutions of purely public charity all intangible personal property owned by or irrevocably held in trust for the exclusive benefit of religious educational and charitable institutions no part of the net profit from the operation of which can inure to the benefit of any private person all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learning and also all funds or property held or used as endowment by such colleges incorporated academies or seminaries of learning provided the same is not invested in real estate and provided further that said exemptions shall only apply to such colleges incor 251 Art 7 Sec 1 Par 4 porated academies or other seminaries of learning as are open to the general public provided further that all endowments to institutions established for white people shall be limited to white people and all endowments to institutions established for colored people shall be limited to colored people the real and personal estate of any public library and that of any other literary association used by or connected with such library all books and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandise or for purposes of sale or gain provided the property so exempted be not used for the purpose of private or corporate profit and income distributable to shareholders in corporations owning such property or to other owners of such property and any income from such property is used exclusively for religious educational and charitable purposes or for either one or more of such purposes and for the purpose of maintaining and operating such institution this exemption shall not apply to real estate or buildings other than those used for the operation of such institution and which is rented leased or otherwise used for the primary purpose of securing an income thereon and also provided that such donations of property shall not predicated upon an agreement contract or otherwise that the donor or donors shall receive or retain any part of the net or gross income of the property The General Assembly shall further have power to exempt from taxation farm products including baled cotton grown in this State and remaining in the hands of the producer but not longer than for the year next after their production All personal clothing household and kitchen furniture personal property used and included within the home domestic animals and tools and implements of trade of manual laborers but not including motor vehicles are exempted from all State County Municipal and School District ad valorem taxes in an amount not to exceed 30000 in actual value The homestead of each resident of Georgia actually occupied by the owner as a residence and homestead and only so long as actually occupied by the owner primarily as such but not to exceed 200000 of its value is hereby exempted from all ad valorem taxation for State county and school purposes except taxes levied by municipalities for school purposes and except to pay interest on and retire bonded indebtedness provided however should the owner of a dwelling house on a farm who is already entitled to homestead exemption participate in the program of rural housing and obtain a new house under contract with the local housing authority he shall be entitled to receive the same homestead exemption as allowed before making such contract The General Assembly may from time to time lower said exemption to not less than 125000 The value of all property in excess of the foregoing exemptions shall remain subject to taxation Said exemptions shall be returned and claimed in such manner as prescribed by the General Assembly The exemption herein provided for shall not apply to taxes levied by municipalities 252 Art 7 Sec 1 Par 4 All cooperative nonprofit membership corporations organized under the laws of this State for the purpose of engaging in rural electrification as defined in subsection 1 of Section 3 of the Act approved March 30 1937 providing for their incorporation and all of the real and personal property owned or held by such corporations for such purpose are hereby exempted from all taxation state county municipal school district and political or territorial subdivisions of the State having the authority to levy taxes The exemption herein provided for shall expire December 31 1961 There shall be exempt from all ad valorem intangible taxes in this State the common voting stock of a subsidiary corporation not doing business in this State if at least ninety per cent of such common voting stock is owned by a Georgia corporation with its principal place of business located in this State and was acquired or is held for the purpose of enabling the parent company to carry on some part of its established line of business through such subsidiary All laws exempting property from taxation other than the property herein enumerated shall be void Paragraph V Exemptions of certain industries continued Existing exemptions under the amendment to the Constitution providing for the exemption of certain industries from taxation appearing in Acts of the General Assembly of 1923 extra session page 67 ratified November 4 1924 shall continue of force until the expiration of the term for which granted Section II Purposes and Method of Taxation Paragraph I Taxation how and for what purposes exercised The powers of taxation over the whole State shall be exercised by the General Assembly for the fallowing purposes only 1 For the support of the State Government and the public institutions 2 For educational purposes 3 To pay the principal and the interest on the public debt and to provide a sinking fund therefor 4 To suppress insurrection to repel invasion and defend the State in time of war 5 To make provisions for the payment of pensions to exConfederate soldiers and to the widows of Confederate soldiers who were married to such soldiers prior to January 1 1920 and who are unmarried 6 To construct and maintain State buildings and a system of State highways airports and docks 253 Art 7 Sec 2 Par 1 7 To make provision for the payment of oldage assistance to aged persons in need and for the payment of assistance to the needy blind and to dependent children and other welfare benefits provided that no person shall be entitled to the assistance herein authorized who does not qualify for such provisions in every respect in accordance with enactments of the General Assembly which may be in force and effect prescribing the qualifications for beneficiaries hereunder Provided no f indebtedness against the State shall ever be created for the purpose herein stated in qxcess of the taxes lawfully levied each fiscal year under Acts of the General Assembly authorized hereunder for such purposes 8 To advertise and promote the agricultural industrial historic recreational and natural resources of the State of Georgia 9 For public health purposes Paragraph II Teacher retirement system taxation for The powers of taxation may be exercised by the State through the General Assembly and by counties and municipalities for the purpose of paying pensions and other benefits and costs under a teacher retirement system or systems provided no indebtedness against the State shall ever be created for the purpose herein stated in excess of the taxes lawfully levied each fiscal year under Acts of the General Assembly authorized hereunder Paragraph III Revenue to be paid into general fund All money collected from taxes fees and assessments for State purposes as authorized by revenue measures enacted by the General Assembly shall be paid into the General Fund of the State Treasury and shall be appropriated therefrom as required by this Constitution for the purposes set out in this Section and for these purposes only f Paragraph IV Tax returns of public utilities The General Assembly may provide for a different method and time of returns assessments payment and collection of ad valorem taxes of public utilities but not at a greater basis of value or at a higher rate of taxation than other properties Section III State Debt Paragraph I Purposes for which contracted No debt shall be contracted by or on behalf of the State except to supply such temporary deficit as may exist in the treasury in any year for necessary delay in collecting the taxes of that year to repel invasion suppress insurrection and defend the State in time of war or to pay the existing public debt but the debt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall not exceed in the aggregate five hundred thousand dollars and any loan made for this purpose shall be repaid out of the taxes levied for the year in which the loan is made However said debt may be increased in the sum of three million five hundred thousand dollars for 254 V Art 7 Sec 3 Par 1 the payment of the public school teachers of the State only The principal amount borrowed for payment of teachers shall be repaid each year out of the common school appropriation and the interest paid thereon shall be paid each year out of the general funds of the State Paragraph II Bonded debt increased when The bonded debt of the State shall never be increased except to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend the State in time of war Paragraph III Form of laws to borrow money All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of the State shall specify the purpose for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for the purpose specified and for no other Paragraph IV State aid forbidden The credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual company corporation or association and the State shall not become a joint owner or stockholder in or with any individual company association or corporation Paragraph V Assumption of debts forbidden The State shall not assume the debt nor any part thereof of any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of the State unless such debt be contracted to enable the State to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war Provided however that the amendment to the Constitution proposed by the General Assembly and set forth in the published Acts of the General Assembly of the year 1931 at page 97 which amendment was ratified on November 8 1932 and which amendment provided for the assumption by the State of indebtedness of the several counties of the State as well as that of the Coastal Highway District and the assessments made against the counties of said district for the construction and paving of the public roads or highways including bridges of the State under certain conditions and for the issuance of certificates of indebtedness for such indebtedness so assumed is continued of full force and effect until such indebtedness assumed by the State is paid and such certificates of indebtedness retired Paragraph VI Profit on public money The receiving directly or indirectly by any officer of State or county or member or officer of the General Assembly of any interest profits or prerequisites arising from the use or loan of public funds in his hands or moneys to be raised through his agency for State or county purposes shall be deemed a felony and punishable as may be prescribed by law a part of which punishment shall be a disqualification from holding office Paragraph VII Certain bonds not to be paid The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money either directly or indirectly to pay the whole or any part of the principal or interest of the bonds or other obligations which have been pronounced illegal null and void by the General Assembly and the Constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the first day of May 1877 255 Art 7 Sec 3 Par 7 nor shall the General Assembly have authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late war between the States nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or any other State official enter into any contract or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in any court of this State or of the United States instituted to test the validity of any such bonds or obligations Paragraph VIII Sale of States property to pay bonded debt The proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic railroad and any other property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or any part thereof shall be applied to the payment of the bonded debt of the State and shall not be used for any other purpose whatsoever so long as the State has any existing bonded debt provided that the proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in preference to all other bonds Paragraph IX State sinking fund The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses such amounts as are necessary to pay the interest on the public debt and the principal of the public debt maturing in such year and to provide a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not then matured The amount of such annual levy shall be determined after consideration of the amount then held in the sinking fund The taxes levied for such purposes and the said sinking fund shall be applied to no other purpose whatever The funds in the said sinking fund may be invested in the bonds of the State and also in bonds and securities issued by the Federal Government and subsidiaries of the Federal Government fully guaranteed by that government If the said bonds are not available for purchase the funds in the sinking fund may be loaned by the Treasurer of the State with the approval of the Governor upon terms to be fixed by such officials and when amply secured by bonds of the State or Federal Government Section IV Taxation by Counties Paragraph I Taxing power of counties The General Assmbly shall not have power to delegate to any county the right to levy a tax for any purpose except 1 To pay the expenses of administration of the county government 2 To pay the principal and interest of any debt of the county and to provide a sinking fund therefor 256 3 For educational purposes upon property located outside of independent school systems as provided in Article 8 of this Constitution 4 To build and repair the public buildings and bridges 5 To pay the expenses of courts the maintenance and support of prisoners and to pay sheriffs and coroners and for litigation 6 To build and maintain a system of county roads 7 For public health purposes in said county and for the collection and preservation of records of vital statistics 8 To pay county police 9 To support paupers 10 To pay county agricultural and home demonstration agents 11 To provide for payment of old age assistance to aged persons in need and for the payment of assistance to needy blind and to dependent children and other welfare benefits provided that no person shall be entitled to the assistance herein authorized who does not qualify for such assistance in every respect in accordance with enactments of the General Assembly which may be in force and effect prescribing the qualifications for benefiiciaries hereunder provided no indebtedness or liability against the county shall ever be created for the purpose herein stated in excess of the taxes lawfully levied each fiscal year under acts of the General Assembly authorized hereunder for such purposes 12 To provide for fire protection of forest lands and for the further conservation of natural resources 13 To provide medical or other care and hospitalization for the indigent sick people of the county 14 To acquire improve and maintain airports public parks and public libraries 15 To provide for workmens compensation and retirement or pension funds for officers and employees 16 To provide reasonable reserves for public improvements as may be fixed by law Paragraph IS Districting of counties The General Assembly may district the territory of any county outside the limits of incorporated municipalities for the purpose of providing systems of waterworks sewerage sanitation and fire protection and authorize such counties to levy a tax only upon the taxable property in such district for the purpose of constructing and maintaining such improvement Section V Paragraph I Taxing power and contributions of counties cities and political division restricted The General Assembly shall not 257 Art 7 Sec 5 Par 1 authorize any county municipal corporation or political division of this State through taxation contribution or otherwise to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restriction shall not operate to prevent the support of schools by municipal corporations within their respective limits Section VI Paragraph I Contracts for use of public facilities a The State state institutions any city town municipality or county of this State may contract for any period not exceeding fifty years with each other or with any public agency public corporation or authority now or hereafter created for the use by such subdivisions or the residents thereof of any facilities or services of the State state institutions any city town municipality county public agency public corporation or authority provided such contracts shall deal with such activities and transactions as such subdivisions are by law authorized to undertake b Any city town municipality or county of this State is empowered in connection with any contracts authorized by the preceding paragraph to convey to any public agency public corporation or authority now or hereafter created existing facilities operated by such city town municipality or county for the benefit of residents of such subdivisions provided the land buildings and equipment so conveyed shall not be mortgaged or pledged to secure obligations of any such public agency public corporation or authority and provided such facilities are to be maintained and operated by such public agency public corporation or authority for the same purposes for which such facilities were operated by such city town municipality or county Nothing in this section shall restrict the pledging of revenues of such facilities by any public agency public corporation or authority c Any city town municipality or county of this State or any combination of the same may contract with any public agency public corporation or authority for the care maintenance and hospitalization of its indigent sicknd may as a part of such contract obligate itself to pay for the cost of acquisition construction modernization or repairs of necessary buildings and facilities by such public agency public corporation or authority and provide for the payment of such services and the cost to siich public agency public corporations or authority of acquisition construction modernization or repair of buildings and facilities from revenues realized by such city town municipality or county from any taxes authorized by the Constitution of this State or revenues derived from any other sources 258 Art 7 Sec 7 Par 1 SectionXII rnv dW Limitation on County and Municipal Debts Paragraph I Debts of counties and cities The debt hereafter incurred by any county municipal corporation or political division of this State except as in this Constitution provided for shall never exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein and no such county municipality or division shall incur any new debt except for a temporary loan or loans to supply casual deficiencies of revenue not to exceed onefifth of one per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property therein without the assent of a majority of the qualified voters of the county municipality or other political subdivision voting in an election for that purpose to be held as prescribed by law and provided further that all laws charter provisions and ordinances heretofore passed or enacted providing special registration of the voters of counties municipal corporations and other political divisions of this State to pass upon the issuance of bonds by such counties municipal corporations and other political divisions are hereby declared to be null and void and the General Assembly shall hereafter have no power to pass or enact any law providing for such special registration but the validity of any and all bond issues by such counties municipal corporations or other political divisions made prior to January 1 1945 shall not be affected hereby provided that any county or municipality of this State may accept and use funds granted by the Federal Government or any agency thereof to aid in financing the cost of architectural engineering economic investigations studies suri veys designs plans working drawings specifications procedures and other action preliminary to the construction of public works and where the funds so used for the purposes specified are to be repaid within a period of ten years u Paragraph II Levy of taxes to pay bonds Any county municipal corporation or political division of this State which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provisions of this Constitution shall at or before the time of so doing provide for the assessment and collection of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness Paragraph III Additional debt authorized when In addition to the debt authorised in Paragraph I of this section to be created by any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of this State a debt may be incurred by any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of this State in excess of seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein upon the following conditions Such additional debt whether incurred at one Or more times shall not exceed in the aggregate three per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property in such county municipality or political subdivision such additional debt shall be payable in equal installments within the five years next succeeding the issuance of the evidences of such debt there shall be levied by the governing authori l 259 f Art 7 Sec 7 Par 3 ties of such county municipality or political subdivision prior to the issuance of such additional debt a tax upon all of the taxable property within such county municipality or political subdivision collectable annually sufficient to pay in full the principal and interest of such additional debt when as due such tax shall be in addition to and separate from all other taxes levied by such taxing authorities and the collections from such tax shall be kept separate and shall be held used and applied solely for the payment of the principal and interest of such additional indebtedness authority to create such additional indebtedness shall first have been authorized by the General Assembly the creation of such additional indebtedness shall have been first authorized by a vote of the registered voters of such county municipality or political subdivision at an election held for such purpose pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of this Constitution and of the then existing laws for the creation of a debt by counties municipal corporations and political subdivisions of this State all of which provisions including those for calling advertising holding and determining the result of such election and the votes necessary to authorize the creation of an indebtedness are hereby made applicable to an election held for the purpose of authorizing such additional indebtedness Paragraph IV Temporary loans authorized conditions In addition to the obligations hereinbefore allowed each county municipality and political subdivision of the State authorized to levy taxes is given the authority to make temporary loans between January 1st and December 31st in each year to pay expenses for such year upon the following conditions The aggregate amount of all such loans of such county municipality or political subdivision outstanding at any one time shall not exceed seventyfive per centum of the total gross income of such county municipality or political subdivision from taxes collected by such county municipality or political subdivision in the last preceding year Each such loan shall be payable on or before December 31st of the calendar year in which such loan is made No loan may be made in any year under the provisions of this paragraph when there is a loan then unpaid which was made in a prior year under the provisions of this paragraph Each such loan shall be first authorized by resolution fixing the terms of such loan adopted by a majority vote of the governing body of such county city or political subdivision at a meeting legally held and such resolution shall appear upon the minutes of such meeting No such county municipality or subdivision shall incur in any one calendar year an aggregate of such temporary loans and other contracts or obligations for current expenses in excess of the total anticipated revenue of such county municipality or subdivision for such calendar year or issue in one calendar year notes warrants or other evidences of such indebtedness in a total amount in excess of such anticipated revenue for such year Paragraph V Revenue anticipation obligations Revenue anticipation obligations may be issued by any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of this State to provide funds for the purchase or construction in whole or in part of any revenueproducing 260 V Art 7 Sec 7 Par 5 facility which such county municipal corporation or political subdivision is authorized by the Act of the General Assembly approved March 31 1937 known as the The Revenue Certificate Laws of 1937 as amended by the Act approved March 14 1939 to construct and operate or to provide funds to extend repair or improve any such existing facility and to buy construct extend operate and maintain gas or electric generating and distribution systems together with all necessary appurtenances thereof Such revenue anticipation obligations shall be payable as to principal and interest only from revenue produced by revenueproducing facilities of the issuing political subdivision and shall not be deemed debts of or to create debts against the issuing political subdivisions within the meaning of this paragraph or any other of this Constitution This authority shall apply only to revenue anticipation obligations issued to provide funds for the purchase construction extension repair or improvement of such facilities and undertakings as are specifically authorized and enumerated by said Act of 1937 as amended by said Act of 1939 and to buy construct extend operate and maintain gas or electric generating and distribution systems together with all necessary appurtenances thereof provided further any revenue certificates issued to buy construct extend operate and maintain gas or electric generating and distribution systems shall before being undertaken be authorized by a majority of those voting at an election held for the purpose in the county municipal corporation or political subdivision affected and provided further that a majority of the registered voters of such county municipal corporation or political subdivision affected shall vote in said election the election for such to be held in the same manner as is used in issuing bonds of such county municipal corporation or political subdivision and the said elections shall be called and provided for by officers in charge of the fiscal affairs of said county municipal t corporation or political subdivision affected and no such issuing political subdivision of the State shall exercise the power of taxation for the purpose of paying the principal or interest of any such revenue anticipation obligations or any part thereof Provided that after a favorable election has been held as set forth above if municipalities counties or other political subdivisions shall purchase construct or operate such electric or gas utility plants from the proceeds of said revenue certificates and extend their services beyond the limits of the county in which the municipality or political subdivision is located then its services rendered and property located outside said county shall be subject to taxation and regulation as are privately owned and operated utilities Paragraph VI Refunding bonds The General Assembly is hereby authorized to create a commission and to vest such commission with the power to secure all necessary information and to approve or disapprove the issuance of bonds for the nurpose of refunding any bonded indebtedness of any county municipality or political subdivision of this State issued prior to the adoption of this Constitution including the authority to approve or disapprove the amount and terms o such refunding bonds together with such other powers as to the General 261 Art 7 Sec 7 Par 6 Assembly may seem proper but not in conflict with the provisions of the Constitution Such refunding bonds shall be authorized only where such county municipality or political subdivision has not the funds available to meet the payment of outstanding bonded indebtedness through failure to levy and collect the required taxes or through failure to maintain the required sinking fund for such bonds The General Assembly may approve the issuance of the said refunding bonds under the conditions stated Such refunding bonds shall not together with all other outstanding bonded indebtedness exceed the limits fixed by this Constitution for the maximum amount of bonded indebtedness which may be issued by such county municipality or political subdivision and shall be otherwise governed by all of the terms and provisions of this Constitution No bonds shall be issued under this paragraph to refund any bonds issued after the adoption of this Constitution Paragraph VII Refunding bonds to reduce bonded indebtedness The General Assembly is further authorized to give to the said Commission the power and authority to approve or disapprove the issuance of bonds to refund any outstanding bonded indebtedness of any county municipality or political subdivision now or hereafter issued for the purpose of reducing the amount payable principal or interest on such bonded indebtedness and upon the condition that the issuance of such refunding bonds will reduce the amounts payable upon such outstanding bonds principal or interest Such refunding bonds shall replace such outstanding bonded indebtedness The said Commission shall have the authority to approve or disapprove the terms of any such proposed refunding bonds The General Assembly may authorize the issuance of such refunding bonds issued for the said purpose when approved by the said Commission and authorized by the governing authority of such county municipality or subdivision without an election by the qualified voters as otherwise required but in all other respects such refunding bonds shall comply with the provisions of this Constitution Section VIII Paragraph I Sinking funds for bonds All amounts collected from any source for the purpose of paying the principal and interest of any bonded indebtedness of any county municipality or subdivision and to provide for the retirement of such bonded indebtedness above the amount needed to pay the principal and interest on such bonded indebtedness due in the year of such collection shall be placed in a sinking fund to be held and used to pay off the principal and interest of such bonded indebtedness thereafter maturing The funds in such sinking fund shall be kept separate and apart from all other moneys of such county municipality or subdivision and shall be sed for no purpose other than that above stated The moneys in such sinking fund may be invested and reinvested by the governing authorities of such county municipality or subdivision or by such other authority as has been created to hold and manage such 262 Art 7 Sec 8 Par 1 sinking fund in the bonds of such county municipality or subdivision and in bonds or obligations of the State of Georgia of the counties and cities thereof and of the government of the United States of subsidiary corporations of the Federal Government fully guaranteed by such government and no other Any person or persons violating the above provisions shall be guilty of malpractice in office and shall also be guilty of misdemeanor and shall be punished when convicted as prescribed by law for the punishment of misdemeanors until the General Assembly shall make other provisions for the violation of the terms of this paragraph Section IX Appropriation Control Paragraph I Preparation and submission of General Appropriation Bill The Governor shall submit tothe General Assembly within fifteen days after its organization a budget message accompanied by a draft of a General Appropriation Bill which shall provide for the appropriation of the funds necessary to operate all the various departments and agencies and to meet the current expenses of the State for the ensuing fiscal year Paragraph II Continuation of General Appropriation Act Each General Appropriation Act with such amendments as are adopted from time to time shall continue in force arid effect for each fiscal year thereafter until repealed or another General Appropriation Act is adopted provided however that each section of the General Appropriation Act in force and effect on the date of the adoption of this Constitution of general application and pertaining to the administration limitation and restriction on the payment of appropriations and each section providing for appropriation of Federal Grants and other continuing appropriations and adjustments on appropriations shall remain in force and effect until specifically and separately repealed by the General Assembly Paragraph III Other or supplementary appropriations In addition to the appropriations made by the General Appropriation Act and amendments thereto the General Assembly may make additional appropriations by Acts which shall be known as supplementary appropriation Acts provided no such supplementary appropriation shall be available unless there is an unappropriated surplus in the State Treasury or the revenue necessary to pay such appropriation shall have been provided by a tax laid for such purpose and collected into the General Fund of the State Treasury Neither House shall pass a Supplementary Appropriation Bill until the General Appropriation Act shall have been finally adopted by both Houses and approved by the Governor Paragraph IV Appropriations to be for specific sums The appropriation for each department officer bureau board commission agency or institution for which an appropriation is made shall be for a specific sum of money and no appropriation shall allocate to any object the proceeds ofany particular tax or fund or a part or percentage thereof 263 Art 7 Sec 9 Par 5 Paragraph V Appropriations void when Any appropriation made in conflict with either of the foregoing provisions shall be void Section X Paragraph I Existing amendments continued of force Amendmentsto the Constitution of the State of Georgia of 1877 in effect at the date of the ratification by the voters of the State of this Constitution shall continue of full force and effect after the ratification of this Constitution where such amendments are of merely local and not general application including the amendments pertaining to the Coastal Highway District of this State There is also continued under this provision in force and effect amendments to the Constitution of 1877 applicable to counties and cities having a population in excess of a number stated in such amendments and amendments applicable to counties having a city wholly or partly therein with a population in excess of or not less than a number stated in such amendment and amendments applicable to cities lying in two counties where such amendments are in force and effect at the time of the ratification of this Constitution Provided the amendment of Paragraph I of Section II of Article XI of the Constitution of 1877 proposed by Georgia Laws 1943 page 53 and ratified August 3 1943 authorizing election by the people of the County Board of Education of Spalding County prescribing rules of eligibility of members of the Board providing for election by the Board of the County Superintendent of Schools shall not be continued of force ARTICLE VIII Education s 7 Section I v Paragraph I System of common schools free tuition separation of races The provision of an adequate education for the citizens shall be a primary obligation of the State of Georgia the expense of which shall be provided for by taxation Separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races Secton JI 3 Paragraph I State Board of Education method of appointment There shall be a State Board of Education composed of one member from each Congressional District in the State who shall be appointed by the Governor by and with the advice and consent of the Senate The Governor shall not be amember of the State Board of Education The first State Board of Education under this Constitution shall consist of those in office at the time this Constitution is adopted with the terms provided by law Thereafter all succeeding appointments shall be for seven year terms from the expiration of the previous term Vacancies upon said Board caused by expiration of term of office shall 264 r T Art 8 Sec 2 Par 1 be snarly filled by appointment and confirmation In case of a vacancy on said Board by death resignation or from any other cause n van the exPiration f such members term of office the Board shall by secret ballot elect his successor who shall hold office until the end of the next session of the General Assembly or if the General Assembly be then in session to the end of that session During such session of the General Assembly the Governor shall appoint the successor member of the Board for the unexpired term and shall submit a7ne to the Senate for confirmation All members of the Board shall hold office until their successors are appointed and qualified I he members of the State Board of Education shall be citizens of this State who shall have resided in Georgia continuously for at least five years preceding their appointment No person employed in a professional capacity by a private or public education institution or by the State Department of Education shall be eligible for appointment or to serve on said Board No person who is or has been connected with or employed by a school book publishing concern shall be eligible to membership on the Board and if any person shall be so connected or employed after becoming a member of the Board his place shall immediately become vacant The said State Board of Education shall have such powers and duties as provided by law and existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution together with such further powers and duties as may be hereafter provided by law Section III Paragraph I State School Superintendent election term etc There shall be a State School Superintendent who shall be the executive officer of the State Board of Education elected at the same time and in the same manner and for the same term as that of the Governor The state School Superintendent shall have such qualifications and shall be paid such compensation as may be fixed by law No member of said Board shall be eligible for election as State School Superintendent during the time for which he shall have been appointed Section IV Paragraph I University System of Georgia Board of Regents There shall be a Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia and the government control and management of the University System of Georgia and all of its institutions in said system shall be vested in said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia Said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia shall consist of one member from each Congressional District in the State and five additional members from the Stateatlarge appointed by the Governor arid confirmed by the Senate The Governor shall not be a member of the said Board The first Board of Regents under this Constitution shall consist of those in office at the time this Constitution is adopted with the terms provided by law Thereafter all succeeding appointments shall be for seven year terms from the expiration of the previous term Vacancies upon said Board caused by expiration of term 265 Art 8 Sec 4 Par 1 of office shall be similarly filled by appointment and confirmation In case of a vacancy on said Board by death resignation of a member or from any other cause other than the expiration of such members term of office the Board shall by secret ballot elect his successor who shall hold office until the end of the next session of the General Assembly or if the General Assembly be then in session to the end of that session During such session of the General Assembly the Governor shall appoint the successor member of the Board for the unexpired term and shall submit his name to the Senate for confirmation All members of the Board of Regents shall hold office until their successors are appointed The said Board of Regents of the University System of Georgia shall have the powers and duties as provided by law existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution together with such further powers and duties as may be hereafter provided by law 77 Section V Paragraph I County System Board of Education election term etc Authority is granted to Counties to establish and maintain public schools within their limits Each County exclusive of any independent school system now in existence in a County shall compose one school district and shall be confined to the control and management of a County Board of Education The Grand Jury of each County shall select from the citizens of their respective Counties five freeholders who shall constitute the County Board of Education Said members shall be elected for the term of five years except that the first election of Board members under this Constitution shall be for such terms that will provide for the expiration of the term of one member of the County Board of Education each year In case of a vacancy on said Board by death resignation of a member or from any other cause other than the expiration of such members term of office the Board shall by secret ballot elect his successor who shall hold office until the next Grand Jury convenes at which time said Grand Jury shall appoint the successor member of the Board for the unexpired term The members of the County Board of Education of such County shall be selected from that portion of the County not embraced within the territory of an independent school district The General Assembly shall have authority to make provision for local trustees of each school in a county system and confer authority upon them to make recommendations as to budgets and employment of teachers and other authorized employees Section VI Paragraph I County School Superintendent election term etc There shall be a County School Superintendent who shall be the executive officer of the County Board of Education He shall be elected by the people and his term of office shall 7b6 for four years and run concurrently with other county officers The qualifications and the salary of the County School Superintendent shall be fixed by law 266 Art 8 Sec 7 Par 1 Section VII ffj Paragraph I Independent systems continued new systems pro hibited Authority is hereby granted to municipal corporations to maintain existing independent school systems and support the same as authorized by special or general law and such existing systems may add thereto colleges No independent school system shall hereafter be established Section VIII Paragraph I Meetings of Boards of Education All official meetings of County Boards of Education shall be open to the public Section IX Paragraph I Contracts for care of pupils County Boards of Education and independent school systems may contract with each other for the education transportation and care of pupils Section X Paragraph I Certain systems protected Public schools systems established prior to the adoption of the Constitution of 1877 shall not v be affected by this Constitution Section XI y Paragraph I Grants bequests and donations permitted The State Board of Education and the Regents of the University System of Georgia may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of their respective systems of education Paragraph II Grants bequests and donations to county Boards of Education and independent school systems County Boards of Education and independent school systems may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of their respective systems of education Section XII Paragraph I Taxation by counties for education The fiscal authority of the several Counties shall levy a tax for the support and maintenance of education not less than five mills nor greater than fifteen mills as recommended by the County Board of Education upon the dollar of all taxable property in the County located outside independent school systems The independent school system of Chatham County and the City of Savannah being coextensive with said County the levy of said tax shall be on all property in said County as recommended by the governing body of said system 267 f Art 9 Sec 1 Par 1 ARTICLE IX Homesteads and Exemptions Section I Paragraph I Amount of homestead and exemptions There is hereby exempt from levy and sale by virtue of any process whatever under the laws of this State the property of every head of a family or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children or every aged or infirm person or person having the care and support of dependent females of any age who is not the head of a family realty or personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars and the General Assembly shall have authority to provide the manner of exempting said property the sale alienation and encumbrance thereof and to provide for the waiver of said exemption by the debtor Paragraph II Homestead and exemption laws continued The laws now of force with respect to homestead and exemptions shall remain in full force until changed by law ARTICLE X Militia Section I Paragraph I Organization of Militia A well regulated militia being essential to the peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law how the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained armed and equipped and of whom it shall consist Paragraph II Volunteers The General Assembly shall have power to authorize the formation of volunteer companies and to providrfor their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same Paragraph III Pay of militia and volunteers The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State ARTICLE XI Counties and Municipal Corporations Section I Paragraph I Counties a corporate body boundaries Each county shall be a body corporate with such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by law All suits by or against a county shall be in the 268 Art 11 Sec 1 Par 1 name thereof and the metes and bounds of the several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided Paragraph II Number limited There shall not be more than one hundred and fiftynine counties in this State Paragraph III New counties permitted when No new county shall be created except by the consolidation or merger of existing counties Paragraph IV Consolidation of counties method The General Assembly shall have power with the concurrence of twothirds of the qualified voters of each of the counties to be affected who participate in elections held for that purpose to provide for the consolidation of two or more counties into one or the merger of one or more counties into another or the division of a county and the merger of portions thereof into other counties Paragraph V Dissolution of counties method Any county may be dissolved and merged with a contiguous county or counties by twothirds of the qualified voters of each of the counties affected who participate in elections held for that purpose Paragraph VI County governments uniform exceptions Whatevery tribunal or officers may be created by the Genera1 Assembly for the transaction of county matters shall be uniform throughout the State and of the same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for Commissioners of Roads and Revenues in any county may abolish the office of County Treasurer in any county may fix the compensation of County Treasurers and may consolidate the offices of Tax Receiver and Tax Collector in the office of Tax Commissioner and may fix his compensation without respect to uniformity Paragraph VII Consolidation of governments submission to voters The General Assembly may provide by general law optional systems of consolidated county and municipal government providing for the organization and the powers and duties of its officers Such optional systems shall become effective when submitted to the qualified voters of such county and approved by a majority of those voting Paragraph VIII County lines County lines shall not be changed unless under the operation of a general law for that purpose Paragraph IX County sites changed method No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and by a majority vote of the General Assembly Section II Paragraph I County officers election term removal eligibility The county officers shall be elected by the qualified voters of their 269 Art 11 Sec 2 Par 1 respective counties or districts and shall hold their office for four years They shall be removed upon conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be eligible for any of the offices referred to in this paragraph unless he shall have been a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter Paragraph II Compensation of county officers County officers may be on a fee basis salary basis or fee basis supplemented by salary in such manner as may be directed by law ARTICLE XII The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Section I Paragraph I Supreme law The laws of general operation in this State are first As the Supreme law The Constitution of the United States the laws of the United States in pursuance thereof and all treaties made under the authority of the United States Paragraph II Second in authority Second As next in authority thereto This Constitution Paragraph III Third in authority Third In subordination to the foregoing All laws now of force in this State not inconsistent with this Constitution shall remain of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly Paragraph IV Local and private acts Local and private acts passed for the benefit of counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the Supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of Statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms Paragraph V Proceedings of courts confirmed All judgments decrees orders and other proceedings of the several courts of this State heretofore made within the limits of their several jurisdictions are hereby ratified and affirmed subject only to reversal by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other proceedings in conformity with the law of force when they were made Paragraph VI Existing officers The officers of the Government now existing shall continue in the exercise of their several functions until their successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified But nothing herein is to apply to any officer whose office may be abolished by this Constitution ARTICLE XIII Amendments to the Constitution Section I Paragraph I Proposed by General Assembly submission to people Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be 270 Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1 agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon The General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election at which election members of the General Assembly are chosen and if such proposed amendment directly affects only one or more political subdivisions of the State then it shall also be advertised in the area to be directly affected thereby and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution provided that if the proposed amendment is not one that directly affects the whole State but only one or more subdivisions thereof said amendment shall not become a part of this Constitution unless it receive both a majority of the electors qualified to vote voting thereon in the State as a whole and also a majority of the electors qualified to vote voting thereon in the particular subdivision or subdivisions affected When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately Paragraph II Convention how called No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all members of each house of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable This Constitution shall not be revised amended or changed by the Convention until the proposed revision amendment or change has been submitted and ratified by the people in the manner provided for submission and ratification of amendments proposed by the General Assembly Paragraph III Veto not permitted The Governor shall not have the right to veto any proposal by the General Assembly to amend the Constitution ARTICLE XIV Merit System Section I Paragraph I State Personnel Board A nonsalaried State Personnel Board comprised of three citizens of this State of known interest in the improvement of public administration shall administer a State Merit System under which state personnel shall be selected on a basis of merit fitness and efficiency according to law The members of the State Personnel Board shall be appointed by the Governor with the advice of the Senate The first members shall be appointed for terms of three five and seven years respectively the terms to be designated by the Governor All subsequent appointments shall be for a period 271 Art 14 Sec 1 Par 1 GrA Ji 1 3 I M of seven years except unexpired terms No State official or employee shall be a member of the State Personnel Board Paragraph II Retirement System Appropriation The General Assembly is authorized to establish an actuarially sound retirement system for employees underpayment system Adequate appropriations shall be provided for the operation of a merit system and the State Personnel Board ARTICLE XV Home Rule Section I Paragraph I Uniform systems of county and municipal government The General Assembly shall provide for uniform systems of county and municipal government and provide for optional plans of both and shall provide for systems of initiative referendum and recall in some of the plans for both county and municipal governments The General Assembly shall provide a method by which a county or municipality may select one of the optional uniform systems or plans or reject any or all proposed systems or plans Section II Method of Submission That when this amendment shall have been agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses of the General Assembly the same shall be entered on their journals with the ayes and nays taken thereon and shall be published and submitted to the people for ratification or rejection as one single amendment to the Constitution at the next General Election in August 1945 as provided by law Those voting in favor of the ratification of the amendment herein proposed shall have written or printed on their ballots the words for the amendment revising the Constitution Those voting against the ratification of the amendment herein proposed shall have written or printed on their ballots the words against the amendment revising the Constitution If a majority of those voting vote for the amendment revising the Constitution when the results are certified to the Governor he shall proclaim the amendment revising the Constitution of 1877 as the revised Constitution of Georgia ROY V HARRIS Speaker of the House of Representatives FRANK C GROSS President of the Senate P T McCUTCHEN JR Clerk of the House of Representatives MRS HENRY W NEVIN Secretary of the Senate Approved ELLIS ARNALL Governor This 9th day of March 1945 272