MANUAL OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF The State of Georgia 19431944 By HENRY W NEVIN Secretary of the Senate and P T McCUTCHEN JR Clerk of the House of Representatives jr 77 603 STATE OF GEORGIA DEPARTMENTS Governors Office ELLIS ARNALL 1Governor M E THOMPSON 1Executive Secretary MISS GRACE CANNINGTONrPrivate Secretary Agriculture Department of TOM LINDER Commissioner ComptrollerGeneral HOMER C PARKERComptrollerGeneral Education Department of M D COLLINS 1 Supt of Schools Labor Department of BEN T HUIET y Law Department of Commissioner T GRADY HEAD AttorneyGeneral Prison and Parole Commission VIVIAN L STANLEY CLEM RAINEY I ROYAL K MANN Chairman Commissioner Commissioner Public Service Commission WALTER R McDonald matt l McWhorter PERRY T KNIGHT ALLEN CHAPPEL JAMES A PERRY Chairman Commissioner Commissioner Commissioner Commissioner Secretary of State JOHN B WILSON Secretary of State Treasury Department GEORGE B HAMILTON State Treasurer 3 OFFICERS OF THE STATE SENATE TERM 19431944 FRANK C GROSS 31st DistrictPresident Stephens County DAVID S ATKINSON 1st DistrictPresident Pro Tem Chatham County HENRY W NEVINSecretary Whitfield County LAMONT SMITHAssistant Secretary Tattnall County GROVER BYARSAssistant Secretary Floyd County E BISMARK MOORECalendar Clerk DeKalb County ROBERT L PATTEN IILiMessage Clerk Lanier County REV M F WALDEN Chaplain Habersham County SID WILLIAMS Messenger Meriwether Gounty A PERRY GRIFFINDoorkeeper DeKalb County 5 MEMBERS OF THE SENATE OF GEORGIA ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED ACCORDING TO NAMES WITH DISTRICTS AND POSTOFFICES FOR THE TERM 19431944 Senators Ansly C Ci Arnall Henry C Arnold David J Atkinson David S Bacon W T Bloodworth John W Bloodworth Luther Boyett R L Brock L JL Byrd S CC Clements J M Cooper R T Dantzler Rev J O Dean Wm T Ennis Marion Estes Walter Eubank J E Forrester Elbert Foster Orsbon Fowler Alpha A Griner Otto Gross Frank C Hall R M Hampton H W Harrison Walter Hollis M R Ingram Royston A Jones W Harley Kaigler G O Kennedy J Cliff Kennon J H District PostOffi inth Smithville 36th Newnan 2fith Griffin 1st Savannah 28fh Madison 92rd Perry 22nd Macon 11 th Coleman 37th Carrollton 48th Cordele 9th Morgan 14th Cochran 43rd Dalton 34th Conyers 20th Milledgeville SKth Rex 29th Appling 44th Trenton 40th Hiawassee 39th Douglasville 45th Ocilla 31st Toccoa noth Crawford 41st Ellijay 17th Millen 24th Cussetta R1 st Cummings 3rd Nahunta 12th Georgetown 2nd Reidsville 6th Adel 6 Senators District PostOffice Kimbrough Henry C Lester Wm M Lovett W Herschel Martin W H Sr Millican G Everett Moore G H Newton G W Oden Lewis H Peterson W J Pittman Claude Pope Jeff A Preston J Troy Raynor O E Shannon Jas D Simmons J M Stark Wm W Terrell Joel H Thigpen J A Whitworth G P Whitworth R E L Williams Jack 2 5th Chipley 18th Augusta 16thDublin 13thMontezuma 52ndAtlanta 32nd Dahlonega 47th Moultrie 46th Blackshear 15 th rAiley 42nd Cartersville 7thCairo 27thiiMonroe 4thiFolkston 21stJ eff ersonville 8 thBainbridge 33rdCommerce 19 thi W arrenton 49 thLfClaxton 30tb Hull 38th 1 Dallas 5th W aycross 7 MEMBERS OF THE SENATE OF GEORGIA BY DISTRICTS IN NUMERICAL ORDER with Counties and post offices First DistrictCHATHAM Bryan Effingham DAVID S ATKINSON Savannah Second DistrictTATTNALL McIntosh Liberty Long J CLIFF KENNEDY1Reidsville Third DistrictBRANTLEY Wayne Appling Jeff Davis W HARLEY JONESSjL Nahunta Fourth DistrictCHARLTON Glynn Camden O E RAYNOR Folkston Fifth DistrictWARE Atkinson Clinch JACK WILLIAMS A Waycross Sixth DistrictCOOK Berrien Lanier Echols Lowndes J H KENNONAdel Seventh DistrictGRADY Brooks Thomas JEFF A POPECairo Eighth DistrictDECATUR Seminole Mitchell Miller J M SIMMONSBainbridge Ninth DistrictCALHOUN Early Baker J M CLEMENTSMorgan Tenth DistrictLEE Dougherty Worth C C ANSLEY Smithville Eleventh DistrictRANDOLPH Terrell Clay R L BOYETT Coleman Twelfth DistrictQUITMAN Webster Stewart G O KAIGLERtGeorgetown Thirteenth DistrictMACON Schley Sumter W H MARTIN SRMontezuma Fourteenth DistrictBLECKLEY Dooly Pulaski R T COOPER Cochran 8 Fifteenth DistrictMONTGOMERY Wheeler Toombs W J PETERSONIJL Ailey Sixteenth DistrictLAURENS Treutlen Emanuel Johnson W HERSCHEL LOVETTA jDublin Seventeenth DistrictJENKINS Screven Burke WALTER HARRISON J Millen Eighteenth DistrictRICHMOND Glascock Jefferson WM M LESTER U Augusta Nineteenth DistrictWARREN Taliaferro Greene JOEL H TERRELLWarrenton Twentieth DistrictBALDWIN Hancock Washington MARION ENNIS SjA Milledgeville TwentyFirst DistrictTWIGGS Jones Wilkinson JAS D SHANNON jl Jeffersonville TwentySecond DistrictBIBB Monroe Pike Lamar LUTHER BLOODWORTH 24Macon TwentyThird DistrictHOUSTON Peach Taylor Crawford JOHN W BLOODWORTHl4 Perry TwentyFourth DistrictCHATTAHOOCHEE Marion Muscogee M R HOLLISCussetta TwentyFifth DistrictHARRIS Upson Talbot HENRY C KIMBROUGH SChipley TwentySixth DistrictSPALDING Butts Fayette DAVID J ARNOLD 4Griffin TwentySeventh DistrictWALTON Barrow Oconee J TROY PRESTONS Monroe TwentyEighth DistrictMORGAN Jasper Putnam W T BACON Madison TwentyNinth DistrictCOLUMBIA Lincoln McDuffie J E EUBANKAppling Thirtieth DistrictMADISON Elbert Hart G P WHITWORTH4Hull ThirtyFirst DistrictSTEPHENS Habersham Franklin FRANK C GROSS1Toccoa ThirtySecond DistrictLUMPKIN Dawson White G H MOO RE 14Dahlonega ThirtyThird DistrictJACKSON Hall Banks WM W STARK iflCommerce 9 ThirtyFourth DistrictROCKDALE DeKalb Newton WM T DEANConyers ThirtyFifth DistrictCLAYTON Henry WALTER ESTES Rex ThirtySixth DistrictCOWETA Meriwether HENRY C ARNALLNewnan ThirtySeventh DistrictCARROLL Troup Heard L J BROCKr N Carrollton ThirtyEighth DistrictPAULDING Haralson Polk R E L WHITWORTH Dallas ThirtyNinth DistrictDOUGLAS Cobb Cherokee ALPHA A FOWLER Douglasville Fortieth DistrictTOWNS Union Rabun ORSBON FOSTER Hiawassee FortyFirstGILMER Pickens Fannin H W HAMPTONEllijay FortySecond DistrictBARTOW Chattooga Floyd CLAUDE PITTMAN ICartersville FortyThird DistrictWHITFIELD Gordon Murray REV J 0 DANTZLERDalton FortyFourth DistrictDADE Walker Catoosa ELBERT FORRESTER Trenton FortyFifth DistrictIRWIN Ben Hill Telfair OTTO GRINER Ocilla FortySixth DistrictPIERCE Bacon Coffee LEWIS H ODENBlackshear FortySeventh DistrictCOLQUITT Tift Turner G W NEWTON Moultrie FortyEighth DistrictCRISP Dodge Wilcox S C BYRD Cordele FortyNinth DistrictEVANS Bulloch Candler J A THIGPENClaxton Fiftieth DistrictOGLETHORPE Clarke Wilkes R M HALLGrawford FiftyFirst DistrictFORSYTH Gwinnett ROYSTON A INGRAMCummings FiftySecond DistrictFULTON G EVERETT MILLICANAtlanta 10 STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE TERM 19431944 11 ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND Bloodworth of 22nd Chairman Dantzler Shannon ViceChairman Ennis Bloodworth of 23rd Secretary Estes Bacon Lovett AGRICULTURE Foster Chairman Hollis Newton ViceChairman Jones Oden Secretary Kennedy Ansley Kennon Amali Millican Bloodworth of 23rd Moore Boyett Peterson Cooper Preston Eubank Simmons Grriner Thigpen AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION Pope Chairman Lester Aktinson ViceChairman Millican Ennis Secretary Moore Amali Oden Bloodworth of 22nd Raynor Brock Shannon Clements Simmons Dean Stark Forrester Terrell Ingram Thigpen Kennon Williams APPROPRIATIONS Arnall Chairman Ennis Harrison ViceChairman Eubank Terrell Secretary Forrester Ansley Hampton Arnold Ingram Atkinson Millican Bacon Moore Bloodworth of 23rd Pope Bloodworth of 22nd Preston Brock Williams Dean AUDITING Forrester Chairman Estes Ansley ViceChairman Griner Raynor Secretary Harrison Atkinson Kennedy Clements Terrell AVIATION Millican Chairman Fowler Pittman ViceChairman Hampton Thigpen Secretary Lester Estes Newton Foster BANKS AND BANKING Arnold Chairman Eubank Stark ViceChairman Forrester Estes Secretary Ingram Arnall Moore Atkinson Peterson Bloodworth of 22nd Preston Brock Simmons Cooper Thigpen 13 COMMERCE Williams Chairman Hall ViceChairman Griner Secretary Clements CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE REAPPORTIONMENT Newton Chairman Estes Hampton ViceChairman Jones Byrd Secretary Kennon Bloodworth of 23rd Lester Bloodworth of 22nd Simmons CONSERVATION Kennedy Chairman Harrison Arnall ViceChairman J ones Williams Secretary Kaigler Atkinson Kennon Bloodworth of 22nd Kimbrough Byrd Newton Clements Oden Dean Pope Eubank Preston Forrester Raynor Griner Simmons Hall Thigpen CORPORATIONS Lovett Chairman Byrd Jones ViceChairman Estes Fowler Secretary Ingram Arnold Martin Bloodworth of 23rd Moore Hollis Lovett Martin 14 COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS Moore Chairman Eubank Bloodworth of 23rd ViceChairman Foster Milligan Secretary Griner Atkinson Hampton Bloodworth of 22nd Peterson Dean Pope Ennis Raynor Estes Terrelf DRAINAGE Atkinson Chairman Foster Pope ViceChairman Moore Arnall Secretary Preston Ansley Thigpen EDUCATION AND PUBLIC SCI Eubank Chairman Hall Martin ViceChairman Harrison Lester Secretary Kennon Arnall Millican Arnold Newton Bacon Pope Bloodworth of 22nd Preston Cooper Raynor Dean Simmons Estes Stark Foster Whitwortl Griner Williams ENGROSSING Hollis Chairman Harrison Bacon ViceChairman Lovett Stark Secretary Pope Hampton Whitwortl 15 ENROLLMENT Boyett Chairman Moore Byrd ViceChairman Whitworth of 30th Jones Secretary Whitworth of 38th Ansley Williams FINANCE Simmons Chairman Forrester Thigpen ViceChairman Fowler Millican Secretary Griner Ansley Harrison Arnold Ingram Atkinson Kennedy Bacon Kimbrough Bloodworth of 23rd Lovett Boyett Moore Cooper Pope Dean Preston GAME AND FISH Bloodworth of 22nd Chairman Hall Kennedy ViceChairman Harrison Eubank Secretary Ingram Ansley Jones Arnall Moore Atkinson Pope Bacon Raynor Dantzler Whitworth of 30th Foster Williams GENERAL JUDICIARY NUMBER ONE Terrell Chairihan Bloodworth of 23rd Dean ViceChairman Bloodworth of 22nd Ennis Secretary Lester Ansley Pope Atkinson Shannon 16 C GENERAL JUDICIARY NUMBER TWO Stark Chairman Pittman ViceChairman Kaigler Secretary Arnold Bloodworth of 22nd HALLS Byrd Chairman Whitworth of 38th ViceChairman Forrester Foster Kimbrough Moore Shannon AND ROOMS Arnold Secretary Hollis Martin HIGHWAYS AND PUBLIC ROADS Oden Chairman Ingram ViceChairman Moore Secretary Ansley Amali Arnold Atkinson Bloodworth of 23rd Brock Cooper Dantzler Ennis Eubank Forrester Foster Griner Hampton Harrison Kennon Newton Pittman Pope Preston Raynor Simmons Whitworth of 30th Williams HISTORICAL RESEARCH Raynor Chairman Williams ViceChairman Martin Secretary Fowler Hampton Harrison Lester Whitworth of 38 th 17 HYGIENE AND SANITATION Hampton Chairman Cooper Oden ViceChairman Dantzler Harrison Secretary Estes Bloodworth of 22nd Hall Brock Hollis Byrd Pittman INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Dean Chairman Harrison Lester ViceChairman Millican Forrester Secretary Pope Arnall Preston Arnold Simmons Atkinson Stark Bloodworth of 22nd Terrell Brock INSURANCE Kennon Chairman Ennis Arnall ViceChairman Forrester Eubank Secretary Harrison Ansley Ingram Atkinson Pittman Bloodworth of 22rid Pope Brock Terrell Dean Thigpen INTERSTATE COOPERATIVE COMMITTEE OF COUNCILS OF STATE GOVERNMENT Preston Chairman Dean ViceChairman Ingram Secretary 18 Amali Lester INTERNAL IMPROVEMENT Hall Chairman Byrd Peterson ViceChairman Hollis Cooper Secretary Martin JOURNALS Dantzler Chairman Thigpen Lester ViceChairman Whitworth of 38th Whitworth of 30th Secretary Williams Hampton MANUFACTURES Estes Chairman Arnold ViceChairman Simmons Secretary Boyett Cooper Hollis MILITARY AFFAIRS Bloodworth of 23rd Chairman Ennis Dean ViceChairman Eubank Pope Secretary Harrison Atkinson Millican MINES AND MINING Whitworth of 30th Chairman Moore ViceChairman Shannon Secretary Bacon Hampton Kimbrough Newton Whitworth of 38th 19 MOTOR VEHICLES GtRINek Chairman Foster Millican ViceChairman Kennedy Preston Secretary J Kimbrough Ansley Oden Amali Peterson Brock Pope Clements Terrell Dean Williams f Eubank MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT Ingram Chairman Kennedy Kimbrough ViceChairman Millican Bloodworth of 22nd Secretary Moore Atkinson Peterson Forrester Pope Fowler Stark PENSIONS Kimbrough Chairman Harrison Lovett ViceChairman Kennon Boyett Secretary Raynor Bacon Whitworth of 38th Cooper Williams Griner PENITENTIARY Pittman Chairman Bloodworth of 23rd Foster ViceChairman Boyett Forrester Secretary Brock Arnall Cooper Bacon Dean Bloodworth of 22nd Dantzler 20 Ennis Estes Eubank Griner Ingram Jones Kaigler Kennedy Kimbrough Lester Peterson Pope Preston Thigpen PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS Jones Chairman Kennon ViceChairman Hall Secretary Bacon Cooper Fowler Newton Whitworth of 38 th PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR Peterson Chairman Eubank Hollis ViceChairman Kaigler Clements Secretary Lovett Bacon PUBLIC LIBRARY Cooper Chairman Byrd Estes ViceChairman Hampton Peterson Secretary PUBLIC PRINTING Bacon Chairman Griner Forrester ViceChairman Oden Williams Secretary Peterson Dantzler PUBLIC PROPERTY Fowler Chairman Forrester Stark ViceChairman Foster Atkinson Secretary Kennedy Ansley Pope 21 PUBLIC UTILITIES Thigpen Chairman Poster Clements ViceChairman Fowler Brock Secretary 3 Kennedy Atkinson Peterson Arnall Shannon Arnold Simmons Bloodworth of 22nd Williams Eubank PUBLIC WELFARE Harrison Chairman Brock ViceChairman Lester Secretary Atkinson Arnall Bacon Bloodworth of 22nd Cooper Kennon Moore Pope Whitworth of 30tji Williams RULES Mr President Chairman Lester Atkinson ViceChairman Ingram Forrester Secretary Millican Ansley Moore Arnall Newton Bloodworth of 22nd Pope Bloodworth of 23rd Pittman Dean Preston Griner Simmons Harrison Thigpep Kennon SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF Whitworth of 38th Chairman Forrester Dantzler ViceChairman Kaigler Pittman Secretary Newton Bacon Oden Bloodworth of 23rd 22 SPECIAL JUDICIARY Kaigler Chairman Ennis Bloodworth of 22nd Estes ViceChairman Forrester Foster Secretary Griner Ansley Ingram Atkinson J ones Bloodworth of 23rd Pittman Dean Stark STATE OF THE REPUBLIC Lester Chairman Forrester Atkinson ViceChairman Millican Pope Secretary Moore Ansley Preston Arnall STATE SANITARIUM Ennis Chairman Eubank Brock ViceChairman Kennon Arnold Secretary Oden Bacon Peterson Bloodworth of 23rd Whitworth of Byrd TEMPERANCE Ansley Chairman Harrison Dantzler ViceChairman Ingram Pope Secretary Kennedy Atkinson Pittman Forrester Preston Foster Thigpen Griner Whitworth of Hampton Williams 23 TRAINING SCHOOLS Clements Chairman Dantzler Raynor ViceChairman Ennis Kennedy Secretary Forrester Arnall Lester Bloodworth of 22nd Williams TUBERCULOSIS SANITARIUM AT ALTO Martin Chairman Ingram Brock ViceChairman Moore Oden Secretary Newton Byrd Stark Hall Whitworth of 30th UNIFORM LAWS Shannon Chairman Dantzler Stark ViceChairman Eubank Pittman Secretary Fowler Bacon Hall Bloodworth of 23rd Byrd Kaigler UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA Brock Chairman Foster Ennis ViceChairman Griner FowlerSecretary Hall Atkinson Martin Arnall Millican Arnold Moore Cooper Pittman Dean Shannon Estes Whitworth of 30th Eubank Williams 24 WESTERN ATLANTIC RAILROAD Forrester Chairman Kaigler ViceChairman Ivimbrough Secretary Bacon Bloodworth of 23rd Boyett Byrd Clements Dean Eubank Foster Griner Harrison Martin Newton Pittman Pope Eaynor Whitworth of 30th 25 RULES OF THE SENATE ADOPTED FOR THE SESSIONS OF 19431944 Hr THE PRESIDENT Rule 1 The President shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful Rule 2 In all cases of election by the Senate the President shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the Senate shall be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the President may vote Rule 3 When two or more Senators shall rise at the same time the President shall name the Senator entitled to proceed Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the President unless otherwise ordered by the Senate Rult 5 The method of stating the question on any motion by the President shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the President or a division of the Senate is called for by any one member of the Senate the President shall call upon the Senators in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Secretary he shall call upon the Senators to reverse their positions and the President shall announce the result Discretion of President When President shall vote Right of Senator to the floor to be decided by the President President to appoint committees Method of stating a question by the President 29 President may name preside Rule 6 The President may during a days sitting name any Senator to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer Duty of Secretary when President absent Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the President shall be absent the President pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Secretary of the Senate shall call the Senate to order and shall preside until a President pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the Senate The President pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease When no debate on appeals Rule 8 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate Appeals to be made at once Rule 9 All appeals from the decisions of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made Power of President to suspend subordinate officers Rule 10 The President shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the Senate within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the Senate may see fit to take in the premises When President may order galleries and lobbies cleared Rule 11 The President shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbiesof the Senate cleared by the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested 30 and brought before the bar of the Senate to be dealt with for contempt of the Senate Eule 12 When less than a quorum vot on any subject under consideration by the Senate the President may order the door of the Senate to be closed and the roll of Senators called by the Secretary and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the Senate and any Senator present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the Senate Eule 13 The President may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays where a division of the Senate discloses the fact that a quorum of the Senate has not voted Eule 14 All questions as to priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the President without debate ON DECOEUM AND DEBATE Eule 15 When any Senator is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the Senate he shall arise from his seat and respectfully address himself to Mr President He shall be confined to matter in debate shall speak not more than twice on any subject nor more than once until every member choosing to spak shall have spoken After the first thirty days of the regular session all individual speeches on bills and resolutions shall be limited to thirty minutes unless extended by a majority of a quorum and on all points of personal privilege shall be limited to ten minutes If any Senator in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the Senate the President shall call him to order in which case the Senator so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The Senate shall if appealed to decide No quorum voting duty of President When President may order vote taken by yeas and nays Decision on questions of priority Conduct of Senators in debate Appeals 31 Expulsion See Rule 147 Exception to words spoken Silence Mode of designating Senators Shall not rote when interested in result and if the decision of the Senate benot submitted to the delinquent for the first offense shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the Senate by a twothirds vote of the Senators which said vote shall be taken by yeas arid nays Eule 16 If any Senator be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Secretary and read then admitted denied or 1 explained by the Senator who spoke and thereupon the questions of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the Senate may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at the time the Senate is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main question have been disposed of or until such further tiirie as may then be ordered by the Senate But no Senator shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the Senate for words spoken in debate if any other Senator has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken Eule 17 The members of the Senate shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking Senator shall have taken his seat Eule 18 The Senators shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the districts they represent Eule 19 No Senator shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is personally interested and in every case where the seat of a Senator is being contested the sitting Senator and the contestant 32 shall both retire from the Senate before the vote is taken Rule 20 Any Senator may hav entered on the Journal a protest in writing against the action of the Senate said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the Senate nor any members thereof Rule 21 No Senator shall address the Senate nor interrogate a Senator who is speaking except through the President and if the Senator speaking declines to be interrupted the President shall cause the Senator desiring to interrogate him to be silent Rule 22 No Senator shall pass between the Chair and a Senator while he is speaking nor shall any Senator at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the President retires Rule 23 No Senator shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another Senator or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the House except as to the final action taken by the House in any pending matter Rule 24 No smoking shall be allowed in the Senate Chamber during the Sessions of the Senate nor shall conversation be permitted within the Chamber Rule 25 In nominating candidates for any office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged Rule 26 Applause or hisses in the Senate Chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed Protests Duty while Senator is speaking and at adjournment Restrictions in debate Applause and hisses forbidden 33 No debate during yeas and nays Only one motion be made at a time Explanation Reading of papers Motion to excuse when made Excuses from voting Rule 27 During the calling or reading of ayes and nays on any question no debate shall be had Rule 28 No Senator can make more than one motion at a time and while the motion is being put to the Senate he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the President Rule 29 On all questions except such as are not debatable any Senator on the call of the ayesand nays shall be allowed five minutes as a matter of right in which to explain his vote Where the vote on any question is not taken by ayes and nays no Senator shall be allowed to explain except by unanimous consent No motion or request shall be entertained to vary this rule nor to extend a Senators1 time for explaining Rule 30 When the reading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any Senator it shall be determined by a vote of the Senate and this motion shall be decided without debate Rule 31 A motion to excuse a Senator from voting must be made before the Senate divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without debate except that the Senator making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail Rule 32 No Senator shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then move to table the bill resolution or motion or move the previous question thereon without relinquishing the floor 34 DIVISION OF A QUESTION Rule 33 Any one Senator may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it Rule 34 The Senator calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself and be consistent and entire BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Rule 35 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Secretary shall distinctly state its number and the name of the Senator by whom introduced Provided that the General Appropriation Bill and the General Tax Bill shall have precedence on third reading over all other matters even Special Orders until the said bills shall have been finally disposed of Rule 36 Every motion or request to take up general bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion or request for special orders shall be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the Senate Rule 37 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the first reading Upon the introduction of any bill or resolution or other matter requiring reference to a committee the President shall as a matter Call for division Division how made Bills and resolutions called in order Proviso What motions to be in writing Question on first reading 35 Effect of favorable report of committee Adverse report of committee Bills when withdrawn Reports of committees order of action of course and without debate eonynit the same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the Senate In case of engrossment of any bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Secretary and the bill or other matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed Eule 38 Where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill etc the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question unless recommitted Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill etc in order to have a second reading thereof any Senator may at the time such report is made give notice of intention to move at the proper time to disagree to such adverse committee report when the question shall be upon agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill etc shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill etc shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Provided that no bill etc adversely reported shall be taken up for a second reading except by motion of some Senator Any bill etc may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the Senate Eule 39 When a bill etc favorably reported by a committee is on its third or last reading if the report of the committee is disagreed to by the Senate the bill or measures shall be lost unless the action of the Senate in disagreeing to the committee report is reconsidered within the proper time Eule 40 The President shall not recognize any Senator at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to place any general bill on its passage out of its regular order Neither shall he recognize any request for unanimous consent for the in 36 troduction of new matter or to read any bill or resolution the second time or to place any local bill or resolution on its passage except during thefirst thirty minutes after the confirmation of the Journal The President shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any one time Rule 41 Where a bill or a resolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the Senate Rule 42 All bills and resolutions shall be written or printed and shall have the name of the Senator introducing the same as well as the district he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same All bills and resolutions having the force and effect of law shall when introduced have attached an exact copy and said copy shall be retained by the Secretary subject to use as information but the original bill or resolution shall be for the exclusive use of the Senate and the committee to which it is assigned and shall be the official bill or resolution of the Senate and shall not be subject to any other use Rule 43 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the Senate by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the Senate agreeing thereto Rule 43A During all sessions of the General Assembly all bills and resolutions having the effect of law except purely local bills shall upon being reported back to the Senate with recommendation that the bil or resolution do pass be printed or mimeographed and a copy placed upon each Senators desk at least one hour before such bill or resolution shall be read a third time Bills and resolutions to be in writing How indorsed Bills wheif printed Bill when printed all sessions 37 Transmission to House by majority vote Order oi precedence Not debatable when may be renewed Amendment When debatable When made Rule 44 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the House on the day of the passage thereof unless a majority of the Senators present shall so order Rule 45 The Committee on Rules during the last fifteen legislative days of each session shall arrange and fix the calendar of business for each day and such calendar shall be a standing and continuing special order duringsaid period and no matter shall be taken up or acted on otherwise than in the order and manner fixed by such calendar except by a threefourths vote of those present PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS Rule 46 When any subject is before the Senate fpr consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following towit 1st A motion to adjourn 2d A motion to lay on table 3d A motion for the previous question 4th A motion to postpone indefinitely 5th A motion to postpone to a day certain 6th A motion to commit 7th A motion to amend Which said several motions shall have precedence in the order named MOTION TO ADJOURN Rule 47 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the Senate A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended Rule 48 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the Senate is not actually engaged in other business is debatable and is amendable as to the day or time proposed Rule 49 The motion to adjourn can be made at 38 any time when the Senator moving it can legitimately obtain the floor Rule 50 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Secretary has called the first name of the ayes and nays and a vote of one Senator has been given or after a division of the Senate has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced Rule 51 When a motion to adjourn inits simple form prevails it adjourns the Senate to the next sitting day or time in course Rule 52 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the Senate is being taken by the ayes and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the Senate is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the ayes and nays as aforesaid the Senate shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE Rule 53 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on the table shall be in order Rule 54 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the Senate is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken from the table it is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar When not in order Effect of adjournment Hour of adjournment What business postponed Amendment or substitute caiinot be laid on table How matters may be taken from table 39 When renewed Not debatable or amendable What can be tabled When in order Effect of previous question Twenty minutes debate allowed Eule 55 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes Eule 56 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the motionto take from the table is debatable or amendable Eule 57 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again Eule 58 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that themain question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order THE MOTION EOE THE PEEVIOUS QUESTION Eule 59 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the first question shall be Shall the call for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made before the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motions will be out of order and the Senate cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives Eule 60 When the previous question has been ordered the Senate shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of th bill 40 or other measure is under consideration to close the debate When the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such Senators as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule Rule 61 After the main question is ordered any Senator may call for a division of the Senate in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and naysbut on all questions on which the yeas and nays are called the assent of onefifth of the number present shall be necessary to sustain the call and when such call is sustained the yeas and nays shall be entered on the J ournal Rule 62 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the Senate to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved Rule 63 After the main question has been ordered a motion to reconsider this action will if adopted have the effect to repeal the ordering of both the main question and the previous question and will leave the pending measure again open to debate and amendment This motion to reconsider the ordering of the main question can he made only once and if lost or if the main question is again subsequently ordered on the pending measure no second motion to reconsider the ordering of the main question shall be entertained Vote how taken Yeas and nays Onefifth necessary Effect of main question being ordered Reconsideration when in order 41 Contested elections Rule 64 In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any matter if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the members of said committee whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report How called and ordered Rule 65 The previous question may be called nd ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection Call of the Senate when in order Rule 66 A call of the Senate shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the President that a quorum is not present Questions of order Rule 67 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate Effect MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE Rule 68 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session Not amendable Rule 69 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended 42 Rule 70 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule Rule 71 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has once been voted down MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN Rule 72 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another This motion cannot be renewed or made a second time to the same measure on the same day Rule 73 The motion to postpone to a day certain cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but only to the whole measure It is amendable by substituting one day or time for another If a day proposed is known to be beyond the limits of the Session the motion shall be treated as one to indefinitely postpone MOTION TO COMMIT Rule 74 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee When cannot be applied Not renewed Debate when and how allowed Motion to commit 43 Precedence of When debatable How amended Motion to recommit Amendments how made Bill first perfected then the substitute Eule 75 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on Rule 76 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated Eule 77 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the Senator making the motion Eule 78 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum MOTION TO AMEND Eule 79 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended towit 1st By inserting or adding words 2nd By striking out words 3rd By striking out and inserting words An amendment is itself subject to be amended in ail three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Any irrelevant amendment or amendment obviously offered for the purpose of delay shall be ruled out of order by the President Rule 80 When a bill or resolution is before the Senate for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the Senate to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative 44 the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute Rule 81 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the Senate unless said action of the Senate in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Rule 82 All motions to amend any matter before the Senate must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added Rule 83 On all questions whether in committee or in the Senate the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put Rule 84 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend Rule 85 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected Rule 86 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the Senate shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Secretary in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Secretary without any motion being made in the Senate and when a section or resolution When too late to amend Must be in writing Priority Blanks Caption when amended Amending by sections 45 Amendments by striking out and inserting Priority of amendment to perfect Amending House amendments See Rule 130 Priority Priority of questions on House amendments shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it Rule 87 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Secretary shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally th whole paragraph as it would be if amended Rule 88 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph shall be put first before the question it put for striking it out Rule 89 When any bill or resolution which originated in the Senate has been amended in the House and is before the Senate for action on the House amendment an amendment may be offered in the Senate to the House amendment hut the Senate amendment to the House amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down Rule 90 A motion to amend an amendment made by the House to a Senate bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment Rule 91 The questions which arise before the Senate respecting amendments by the House to a Senate bill or resolution are 1st A motion to agree to the House amendment 2d A motion to disagree to the House amendment 3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment 4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment 5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment They take precedence in the above order 46 r A RESOLUTION Rule 91A In order to adopt a House Amendment to a Senate Bill or Resolution and in order to adopt a res1 port of a Conference Committee the said Amendment or 1 Conference Committee report must receive a majority i vote of the entire membership of the Senate Any rule e conflicting with the provision of this rule is hereby repealed RECONSIDERATION y Rule 92 When the Journal of the preceding day I shall be read it shall be in the power of any Senator to move for reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter that has been previously reconsidered provided such Senator shall notify the i j Senate of his intention to move such reconsideration e at any time before the Journal is confirmed Rule 93 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall t not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within I which it might originally have been made Rule 94 No matter shall be reconsidered more e than once is Rule 95 Motions for reconsideration shall be in d order immediately after the time for unanimous con sents on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be q reconsidered on the sucgeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action Provided a motion to reconsider the action of the Senate ordering immediate transmission of any bill or resot lution to the House shall be made and disposed of r before the transaction of other business Rule 96 The action of the Senate upon an amendr ment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which r it relates Rule 97 All bills reconsidered shall take their place House Amendment or Conference Committee Report To Adopt Motion to reconsider Shall not be withdrawn when When there may be one reconsideration When in order Amendments when reconsidered Place on calendar 47 Morning rollcall dispensed with by majority vote Names of absentees noted Sergeantatarms Power to compel attendance Call how ordered Subsequent proceedings at the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third reading ABSENTEES Buie 98 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the Senate shall not be dispensed with except by a majority vote of the Senators present Buie 99 Upon the call of the Senators ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Secretary and shall appear upon the Journal COMPELLING ATTENDANCE Buie 100 The power to compel the attendance of Senators in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the President and to this end he may have the doors of the Senate closed When the doors are so closed no Senator shall be allowed to retire from the Senate without first obtaining leave from the Senate The Messenger of the Senate ishall be exofficio SergeantatArmsi of the Senate and on order of the President may arrest any absentees and bring them before the Senate when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid CALL OE THE SENATE Buie 101 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present or when the President shall officially state the fact to the Senate it shall be in order for any Senator to make a motion for a call of the Senate and when this motion is made the President shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the Senate prevail and if five of the Senators present shall vote in the affirmative the President shall order the Secretary to call the roll 48 of Senators and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by order of the majority of the Senators present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the Senate shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged MISCELLANEOUS RULES Rule 102 When a message is sent to the Senate it shall be announced at the door of the Senate by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent Rule 103 Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce vote is being taken A message shall be presented to the Senate by the President when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business on which the Senate is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the Senate Rule 104 After a motion is stated by the President or read by the Secretary it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Senate but may be withdrawn at any time before decision by consent of the Senate Rule 105 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner Messages Messages when received and considered Motions Petitions memorials etc 49 No debate Motions not privileged Record Not necessary to second motion Committees how and when enlarged Privileges of the floor memoralist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then he referred without reading Rule 106 Any motion to suspend the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate Rule 107 Any motion not privileged containing new matters shall lie at least one day on the table Rule 108 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Secretary shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting Rule 109 Where a motion is made by any Senator it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the Senate Rule 110 After the announcement of the standing committees no other Senators shall be placed thereon unless it be at the request of a majority of the committee to be added thereto except when Senators have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the President may assign said Senators to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships Rule 111 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the Senate except the Senators and officers of the Senate the officers and members of the House the President of the United States and Cabinet members the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive Department exGovernors Judges of the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals in actual commission expresiding officers of the Senate and House members of Congress from Georgia Governors and members of the 50 Legislature of any State of the United States members of the press actually reporting legislative proceedings and such others as the Senate may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on Privileges of the Floor but the privilege of the floor shall be extended to no person for a period longer than two days and not more than twice during any session Rule 112 It shall be the duty of the committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the Senate that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Secretary Rule 113 The hours of the morning sessions of the Senate shall be from 10 oclock A M to one oclock P M when the Senate shall stand adjourned until ten oclock A M of the next succeeding day Sundays excepted unless otherwise ordered by the Senate Rule 114 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate Rule 115 All writs warrants supoenas issued by order of the Senate shall be signed by the President and attested by the Secretary Rule 116 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the Senate while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the President and to execute the demands of the Senate from time to time together with all such processesj issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the President Rule 117 The Messenger under the direction of the Secretary shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed to the members he shall distribute to the Duty of Committee on Journals Adjourn ment Motion for yeas and nays not dabatable Signature of President and Secretary Duty of Messenger Messengers duty in distributing documents etc 51 members the usual and necessary stationery required by them Interlineation forbidden Eule 118 No committee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendments recommended on separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate Pairing Eule 119 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not voting Committee of Conference Eule 120 Whenever any Senator moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the President shall appoint a committee on the part of the Senate and in such case the committee shall consist only of such Senators as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the Senate and if by inadvertence any Senator be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the Senate and be excused by the President Amend ments Eule 121 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the Senate it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the Senate but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment Free debate Eule 122 No Senator shall after debating any question and before yielding the floor be allowed to submit any motion the effect of which shall be to prevent further debate 52 Motion Rule 123 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out a part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first on order Rule 124 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent Rule 125 Every motion for information from the Executive dr other Departments shall lie on the table one day unless referred to a committee by vote of the Senate Rule 126 On the call of the yeas and nays the Secretary shall read the names of the Senators after they have been called and no Senator shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question Rule 127 Questions of the privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the Senate collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of Senators individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions Provided that when any matter is pending before the Senate no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question is disposed of Rule 128 In all elections a majority of the Senators present shall be necessary to a choice 53 Majority and minority reports What motions lie on table Changing votes Questions of privilege Elections Appropriating money yeas and nays called and recorded Must originate in House Representatives Amendment to Constitution entered in full in journals Caption or title only to be read in local bills Secretary to take oath and give bond Oath of enrolling and engrossing Clerks Rule 129 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays are called and recorded All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money must originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Rule 130 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal and when any amendment to the Constitution shall be agreed to by a twothirds vote of members elected such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on the Journal in full with the yeas and nays taken thereon Rule 131 The first and second reading of local bills shall consist of the reading of the titles only unless said bill is ordered engrossed Rule 132 The Secretary and Assistant Secretary shall before entering on their duties as such take an oath before their presiding officer to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge and the Secretary shall enter into bond in the sum of 5000 conditioned for faithful discharge of his duties Said bond to be approved by President of Senate Rule 133 All engrossing and enrolling clerks before entering upon the discharge of their respective duties shall take an oath before the President of Senate to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge of which a minute shall be made and entered on the Journals and no journalalizing recording enrolling or engross 54 ing clerk shall be appointed by the Secretary of Senate until such clerk has been examined by the Enrolling Committee and certified to be competent and well qualified for the discharge of the duties required of him and shall be removed at any time upon recommendation of the Enrolling Committee Eule 134 When there is a meeting of both branches of the General Assembly in joint session the Secretary shall enter in the journal of the Senate the proceedings of the same COMMITTEES Eule 135 The President shall appoint the following standing committees Committee on Academy for the Blind Committee on Agriculture Committee on Amendments to Constitution Committee on Appropriations Committee on Auditing Committee on Aviation Committee on Banks and Banking Committee on Commerce Committee on Congressional and Legislative Eeapportionment Committee on Conservation Committee on Corporations Committee on Counties and County Matters Committee on Drainage Committee on Education and Public Schools No 1 Committee on Education and Public Schools No 2 Committee on Engrossing Committee on Enrollment Committee on Finance Committee on Game and Fish Committee on General Judiciary Number One Committee on General Judiciary Number Two Must be examined by enrolling committee and be recommended by it as competent Secretary must enter on journals proceedings of joint sessions 55 Committee on Halls and Rooms Committee on Highways and Public Roads Committee on Historical Research Committee on Hygiene and Sanitation Committee on Industrial Relations Committee on Insurance Committee on Interstate Cooperative Council of State Government Committee on Internal Improvements Committee on Journals Committee on Manufactures Committee on Military Affairs Committee on Mines and Mining Committee on Motor Vehicles Committee on Municipal Government Committee on Penitentiary Committee on Pensions Committee on Privileges and Elections Committee on Privileges of the Floor Committee on Public Library Committee on Public Printing Committee on Public Property Committee on Public Utilities Committee on Public Welfare Committee on Rules Committee on School for the Deaf Committee on Special JlidlSiary Committee on State of the Republic Committee on State Sanitarium Committee on Temperance Committee on Training Schools Committee on Tuberculosis Sanitarium at Alto Committee on Uniform Laws Committee on University System of Georgia Committee on Western and Atlantic Railroad The Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Com mittee on Appropriations shall be exofficio mem 56 bers of the Committee on Finance and the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Committee on Finance shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations ORDER OF BUSINESS Rule 136 The following shall be the order of business 1 Prayer by the Chaplain 2 Call of the Roll 3 Report of Committee on Journals 4 Notices of motions to reconsider 5 Reading the Journal 6 Motions to reconsider 7 Confirmations of the Journal 8 Unanimous consents 9 Reports of Standing Committees 10 Reports of Select Committees 11 Messages from the Governor 12 Unfinished business 13 Special Orders and Orders of the Day 14 Messages from the House of Representatives 15 Introduction of bills etc the first time on Mondays Wednesdays and Thursdays 16 Reading House Bills etc the first time for reference 17 Reading bills etc second time favorably reported from committees U8 Consideration of bills etc adversely reported on Tuesdays and Fridays 19 Reading for third time of bills etc ready for passage 20 Motions resolutions and petitions 57 Rule 137 The report of the Committee on Rules shall be in order at any time and messages from the Governor or from the House of Representatives may be received under any order of business Rule 138 No change of or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition be submitted in writing and referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the Senate Rule 139 The rules of the Senate shall in no case be suspended or changed or the order of business changed except by a twothirds vote a quorum of the Senate being present and voting Rule 140 The Auditing Committee before auditing the account of any Senator for expenses as a Committeeman or incurred in discharge of any duty as a member of the Senate shall require of him an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item whenever the same is practicable Rule 141 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies 58 CONSTITUTIONAL EULES Buie 142 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4 Eule 143 Each Senator and Eepresentative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7 Eule 144 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14 Eule 145 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6 Eule 146 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12 Eule 147 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21 What is a quorum Compelling attendance Oath of members Majority required to pass bill Yeas and nays order by onefifth of members Bill or resolutions appropriating money must pass by yeas and nays Constitutional twothirds vote taken by yeas and nays 59 Revenue bills Reading of bills One subject matter etc An amendment to laws and sections of Code General laws how varied Consent and when required Rule 148 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection The first and second reading of local bills shall be by titles only The third reading of local bills must be full and complete Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5 Rule 149 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10 Rule 150 No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8 Rule 151 No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17 Rule 152 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case fol which provisions have been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1 60 Rule 153 The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change election precincts nor establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such power shall be exercised by the courts Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18 Rule 154 The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer Rule 155 The General Appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriation fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government paying of the public debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall he made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9 Rule 156 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them Art 3 Sec 7 Par 24 Rule 157 All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Corpora tions Power delegated to courts Relief of recognizance What the general appropriation bill shall contain Other appropriations by separate bills Adjourn ments Elections 61 Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1 Rejected bills again considered by a twothirds vote Rule 158 Ho hill or ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13 January session limited to ten days Rule 159 The General Assembly shall meet on the second Monday in January 1933 and biennially thereafter on the same date until the day shall be changed by law Such session shall continue no longer than ten 10 days Regular Session limited to sixty days The General Assembly shall reconvene in regular session on the second Monday after the 4th of July 1933 and biennially thereafter on the same date until the date shall be changed by law Ho such regular session shall continue longer than sixty 60 days Elections disorderly conduct Rule 160 Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have the power to punish them for disorderly Expulsion by twothirds vote behavior or misconduct by censure fine or imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1 Signature of Governor when required Rule 161 Ho provision of this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for j 62 the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly Art 2 Sec 7 Par 23 Pule 162 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws hut twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16 Pule 163 Every note resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be passed by twothirds of each House Art 5 Sec 1 Par 17 Pule 164 No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly Art 11 Sec 1 Par 4 Rule 165 Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment Governors veto Effect of twothirds vote thereon When Governor must approve Effect of twothirds vote Twothirds vote required Twothirds vote required on amendments to Constitution 63 Twothirds vote required to call a convention How called Salaries of judges or amendments shall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon and the General Assembly shall canse such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall provide for submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at the said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1 Eule 166 No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change the Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on the population as near as practicable Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2 Eule 167 The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries not to exceed four thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Court shall have salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect those now in office 64 The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such changes shall affect the officers then in commission Art 6 Sec 13 Pars 1 and 2 Eule 168 No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed May be changed by a twothirds vote Evidence of notice of local and special bills must be submitted before passage of same FOR THE RULES GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION 1 When nominations shall be made by the Governor to the Senate a future day shall be assigned for their consideration unless the Senate directs otherwise 2 When acting on executive business the Senate shall he cleared of all persons except the Senators the Secretary and Assistant Secretary 3 All information or remarks touching or concerning the character or qualifications of any person nominated by the Governor for office shall be kept secret 4 The Legislative and Executive proceedings of the Senate shall be kept in separate and distinct hooks except that a copy of the message transmiting information of definite action on appointments of the Governor shall be placed in the regular Journals of the Senate 5 All nominations approved by the Senate or otherwise definitely acted on shall be transmitted by the Secretary to the Governor with the determination of the Senate thereon from day to day as such proceedings may occur but no further extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished published or otherwise communicated except as provided in Rule 4 during any session except by special order of the Senate and in transmitting the determination of the Senate thereon the Secretary shall in no instance furnish a list of the names of Senators voting in the affirmative or negative but only the fact of confirmation or rejection and the numerical 66 vote and the record of votes shall be sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of States office there to be placed on file 6 A majority of a quorum shall be necessary to confirm the nomination to any office made by the Governor and sent to the Senate for approval When nominations are made by the Governor for any office which require the assent and approval of the Senate in executive session after the Secretary shall read the name of the party nominated and the position to which he is appointed the President shall put to the Senate the following Shall the nomination of the Governor be confirmed by the Senate Those who favor the confirmation will as your names are called vote Aye those opposed vote No After the roll is called the President will announce the result of the ballot and declare the result as follows It appears from the vote that a majority of the Senators have voted to confirm the appointment made by the Governor the same is hereby confirmed by the Senate or A majority of the Senators have voted against the confirmation of the nomination made by the Governor it is therefore rejected by the Senate 7 No Senator will be at liberty at any time or under any circumstances to expose or publish anything transpiring in executive session except only such matters as are required to be disclosed under the rules It is the intent and meaning of this rule that the business transacted in executive session shall be sacred and free from exposure to the outside world and that every Senator shall be on his honor concerning the same 67 RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION 1 The time of the meeting of the two houses in joint session shall be determined by the concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law 2 The elections shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result 3 The votes are to be taken for but one election at the same time and a majority of the whole number of votes cast is necessary to a choice 4 The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet in joint session in the hall of the House of Representatives on the first Monday of every session at 10 oclock a m or at such time as may be fixed by joint resolution of both houses for the purpose of electing such officers of said State as are now or may hereafter he required to be elected by the General Assembly Said joint session shall continue in morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of said officers are elected 5 At the hour determined by the concurrent resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Representatives 68 6 The President of the Senate shall preside and announce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly 7 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate 8 In announcing a candidate the mover shall not make any commendatory or other remarks 9 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order to second such nomination and when the nomination is declared closed the President shall forthwith order the rollcall and each member when called shall rise in his seat and respond promptly announcing distinctly his choice for such office 10 In the elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote unless he will rise and state in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote has been recorded by mistake 11 Ho debate shall be in order except as to questions of order 12 Ho motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence of the former 69 13 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the all of the roll has commenced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate 14 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened 15 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber 16 The majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session 17 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or either of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal of its consent to the same M 70 INDEX TO STANDING RULES OF Senate o Georgia ABSENTEES Rule No Arrest of whenI mn 101 Gall of Senate 101 Names recorded in Journal 99 Roll Call dispensed with when V 98 Secretary duty as to Absentees IU 99 ADJOURN MOTION TO Amendable not vL 47 Debatable notk k 47 Definite time debatable wheni 48 Definite time Amendable when 48 Division not in order duringLfj 50 Effect when motion prevails 51 Main Question Ordered not in order 50 59 Precedence of ri 46 49 Previous Question motion for sustained motion to adjourn in order L c 50 59 Shall not be made second time when47 When in order 47 49 50 59 When not in order y 50 59 Yeas and Nays beings called not in order 50 ADJOURNMENT Constitutional time limit 113 Courtesy to President at 22 Effect when hour of arrives while Senate is acting under previous question rr52 59 Effect when hour of arrives while vote is being taken by Yeas and Nays 52 Hour of Fixed by Senatem 113 ADVERSE REPORT Bills and Resolutions adversely reported taken up when 38 Debate on T 60 Effect of on bills 38 Second Reading after when p 38 71 AMENDMENTS Rule No Adjourn motion to not amendable1 47 Adjourn to definite time amendable when 48 Applicable to Amendments 79 Amendments to Amendments not amendable 79 Bills and Resolutions amended by sections 79 86 Bills and Resolutions perfected before substitute 80 Bills and Resolutions perfected before caption 85 Blanks must be filled in before 84 By Committee 118 Commit motion to amendable how 77 Committee Amendments take precedence 121 Committee shall not deface or interline bill but report amendments on separate paper 118 Caption not considered until Bill perfected 85 Engrossment Effect of 37 General Appropriations Bill Senate may amend 129 General Tax Bill Senate may amend 129 Germane must be S 123 House Amendments to S Bi1 8991 House Amendments to S B may be amended 89 House Amendments to S B Priority of motion to amend 90 House Amendments to S B Priority of Questions on 91 House Amendments to S B Senate Amendment to not subject to amendment 89 Priority of X 83 88121123 Priority of to perfect part proposed to be stricken 88123 Priority of on passage of bill 121 Precedence of motion to amend 46 Postpone indefinitely motion to not amendable 69 Postpone definitely amendable 73 Reconsideration of when 96 Report of by committee l H8 Report of Committee agreed to amendments afteru 81 Requirements of motion to amend 82 Secretary duty of when amendments made to bill and resolutions by sections 86 Secretary duty of in amending by inserting and striking out i r 87 Strike out motion to part to be stricken considered first 123 Section by 86 Table amendments motion to not in order 53 Table motion to lay on or take from not amendable 56 Ways of making 9 When too late1 81 86 When made bill being considered by sections 86 Writing motion to amend must be in 82 72 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION Rule No Journal proposed recorded in X30 Yeas and Nays recorded on1 jgQ Majority required 1 3q APPEALS From Presidents decision 9 Member called to Order may appeal 15 No debate on appeals of personal character8 Time of making i q APPLAUSE Prohibited in Galleries or Senate Chamber 26 APPROPRIATIONS General Bill right of way 3g House must originate 29 Senate may amend appropriation bill 9 Yeas and Nays requiredr 9 ATTENDANCE Arrest of senators for nonattendance 100101 Call of Senate qq Messengers duty as toLj iqo Power to compel lOo lOl President duty as toI xoo 101 AUDITING COMMITTEE Accounts of members duty as to 40 BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Adverse Committee report on 33 Amendments to 1 9 Amendments to passed on before caption or preamble considered gg Amendments Bill perfected first g0 Amendments to too late 8186 Amendments by sections 1 g6 Amendments to when too late bill being considered by sections gg Amendments to by striking and inserting 87 Amendments by committees how reported118 Bills perfected before substitutes gQ Caption not considered until bill perfected 85 Committee amendments take precedence X21 Committee amendments how reported jx8 73 Rule No Committee reports on precedence of 41 Committee Report on effect of disposal oft 38 39 Committee Report favorable effect of 38 60 Committee Report unfavorable effect of 38 60 Commit motion toji46 74 77 Commitment to Committees 37 Debate none on first reading 37 Deface or interline no committee shall 11 Disagreement to favorable committee report effect of 39 Engrossment effect of 37 Entries on to be made by secretary 37 Form xi3 43 First Reading no debate 37 General Appropriations bill takes precedence 35 General bills not placed for passage out of order by unanimous consent 40 General Tax Bill tqke precedenceaT 35 Intermediate transmission to house 44 Local Bills effect of engrossment4 131 Local Bills First and Second Reading 131 Local Bills third reading and placement for passage by unanimous consent 40 Precedence of President duty to commit44 f Printing of i 43 Reading of by unanimous consent 40 Recommit motion to78 Art Requirements of Reported by committee bill may be amended before report agreed to Reconsideration g 9297 Reconsideration effect ofr 97 Second Reading after adverse committee report 38 Secretary duty of in amending by striking and inserting 87 Secretary state author and number of when reading 35 Secretary to call in order on calendar 35 Special committee motion to commit to 74 75 Strike out motion to part to be stricken considered first 123 Unanimous consent for reading or consideration 40 Withdrawal of 38 Substitute Bill perfected before CALL OF THE SENATE 12 Contempt on When in order 12101 When main question ordered 66 74 CAPTION Rule No Not considered until bill perfected og 85 CHANGE OF VOTES How and when 126 COMMITTEES Amendments by how reported 118 Amendments by takes precedence 121 Appointment of 4135 Appropriations exofficio members of 135 Bills not to be interlined or defaced by 118 Chairmen Appropriations and Finance exofficio members 135 Change after announcement1 110 Commit to motion to i St 7478 Conference how and when constituted y 120 Enlarged how 2 110 Exofficio members of1135 Finance exofficio members of 135 President appoint M 4135 President exofficio member of rules committee 135 Reports order of precedence 41 Recommit to motion to 78 Senators elected to fill vacancies committee assignments 110 Standing committees 135 COMMIT MOTION TO Amended how 77 Applicable to what 74 Debate simple motion not debatable 76 Debate motion to commit with instructions debatable 76 Precedence among other motions 46 Precedence among motions to commit 75 Special Committee to 74 75 Standing committee to takes precedenceJp 75 Recommit motion to 78 CONTEMPT By Outsiders 11 By Senators 12101 On Call of the Senate 12101 CONVERSATION Prohibited in Senate chamber 24 Presidents right to suppressL 1 Senators refrain from wheniS 17 75 DEBATE Rule No Adjourn motion to not debatable 47 Adjourn to definite time motion to debatable 48 Adverse report debate on 60 Appeals from chair of personal character not debatable 8 Bill or resolution no debate on first reading 37 Breach of order in debate 15 Change order of business motion to not debatable 106 Commit motion to not debatable 76 Commit with instructions motion to debatable 76 Committee matters reference to out of order ini 23 Conduct of Senators in 15 21 22 23 Conversation reference to out of order in 23 Excuse from voting motion to not debatable 31 First reading of bill or resolution no debate 37 House happenings reference to out of order in 23 Incidental matters after motion for previous question sustained decided without debate 67 Interrogation of speakers thru president 21 Limitation of speeches 15 Minority report debate onU 64 Nondebatable motion not in order whenr 32122 Postpone definitely motion to debate limited 72 Postpone indefinitely motion to debatable 69 Previous Question motion for not debatable 59 Previous Question motion for decided affirmatively debate limited 60 64 Previous Question motion for incidental questions decided without debate r 67 Priority of Business decided by President without debate 14 Reading of papers question of decided without debate 30 Roll Call no debate during 27 Suspend Rules motion to not debatable 106 Yeas and Nays motion for decided without debate 114 Yeas and Nays no debate during1 27 DISPARAGING REMARKS Prohibited on Nominations25 DIVISION OF SENATE After main question ordered 61 Call for 1 C 61 Excuse for voting motion to must be before 31 Senator may ask for661 76 DIVISION OF QUESTION Rule No Duty of member asking 34 Right to call for 33 What divisible 33 34 ENGROSSMENT Effect of 317 ENROLLMENT COMMITTEE Clerks examine and approve 433 Clerks recommend removal of 133 EXCEPTION TO WORDS SPOKEN Procedure for taking ig EXECUTIVE SESSION Reference to Special Rules Cleared Senate Chamber cleared of all persons except senators secretary and assistant secretary 2 Journal message informing governor of action on nominees record in regular journal 4 Journal separate journal for executive sessions 4 Journal secret1 3 5 7 Governor informed of action on nominess by secretary 4 5 Nomination majority necessary to confirm 6 Nomination how put g Nomination when considered 4 g Nominees discussion of secret 3 5 7 Nominees secretary inform governor of action on 5 Proceedings kept in separate book from legislative proceedings 4 Proceedings kept secret 1 3 5 7 Procedure 2 6 Remarks of Senators kept secret 3 Secretary and assistant in senate during session 2 Secretary duty as to journal 4 5 Secretary inform governor of action on nominees5 Secrecy required 2 3 5 7 Senate chamber cleared of all persons except senators secretary and assistant secretary during session 2 Senators shall not disclose proceedings or happenings of session 3 7 Votes on nominations kept secret 5 Votes record of sealed and filed with Secretary of State 5 Votes result only announced 5 77 EXPLANATION OF VOTES When and time allowed Rule No 29 EXPULSION OF MEMBERS 15 When and how DOORKEEPER Clear lobbies and galleries whenj 1 Messages duty in receiving 102 Suspension ofi GALLERIES Applause or hisses prohibited President may clearr GENERAL ASSEMBLY Minutes of joint sessions of kept in Senate Journal GENERAL APPROPRIATIONS BILLS Precedence of r Senate may amend onlyL GENERAL TAX BILL Precedence ofSenate may amend only GOVERNOR Entitled to privileges of the Floor H1 HOUR OF ADJOURNMENT Effect of arrival of52 59 Effect of arrival of when Senate acting under previous j 52 59 question Effect of arrival of vote being taken by yeas and nays oZ Fixed by Senate Provided 2 r IMMEDIATE TRANSMISSION TO THE HOUSE Majority vote necessary for 44 Reconsideration of motion for When ordered 78 JOINT SESSION RULES OF GENERAL ASSEMBLY IN JOINT SESSION References to Special Rules Adjourn motion to see motion to dissolve Rule No Appeals from decisions of chair 6 Change of vote when allowedrgj 10 Commendatory remarks prohibited 8 Elections by 4 910 Elections change of vote on V 10 Elections majority for 5 3 Elections only one at time 3 Elections record of vote kept in House Journal 2 Elections vote how taken 1v 2 3 9 Elections iwhere held 2 Debate no debate except on points of order11 Dissolve motion to not in order after roll call commenced 13 Dissolve motion to effect of when prevailing 15 Dissolve motion to and reconvene at definite time takes precedence 13 Dissolve motion to definite and indefinite i 12 Dissolve motion to when in order 13 Dissolve motion to when lost in order again when14 Journal of House contain record of vote on elections2 Majority necessary for election v 3 Nominations no commendatory remarks by member making 8 Nominations no second of in orderi a 9 Nominations roll call on fi 9 Order points of debatable r n Presiding Officer President of Senate 2 6 Presiding Officer duties of 6 915 Place of meeting i 2 5 Procedure 6 Quorum 16 Roll Call on elections 9 Roll Commenced motion to dissolve not in order 13 Rules how changed 17 Rules consent of both houses to necessary 17 Senate repair to Hall of House of RepresentativesL 5 Senate return to Senate Chamber on dissolution15 Sessions continue how long 413 Speaker of House sit at left of president of Senate 7 State officers election o M J 4 Time of meeting 1 4 Voting 2 3 9 Vote change of y 110 79 JOURNAL Rule No Absentees Contain names of 99 Appropriations motion for yeas and nays recorded on 129 Committee on duty to read 112 Constitutional amendments recorded inT 130 Constitutional amendments yeas and nays recorded on 130 Constitution requires twothirds majority for passage of bill or Tesolution yeas and nays shall be recorded 130 General Assembly minutes kept in Senate 134 Oaths minutes of oaths kept in 133 Protest of Senators entry in Reconsideration of matters in Senators not voting on yeas and nays names entered in 20 92 108 LAUDATORY REMARKS Prohibited LOCAL BILLS Engrossment effect ofFirst and Second reading Reading of third time and put on passage by unanimous consent MAIN QUESTION Adjourn motion to not in order after main question ordered Call of Senate after ordered Call of Senate after main question ordered 25 131 131 40 50 59 66 66 Debate time allowed for majority after main question ordered Debate time allowed minority after main question ordered 64 Debate time allowed author after main question ordered64 6667 Division of Senate Effect of when order Reconsideration of ordering 63 Table motion to not in order after main question ordered 58 59 Vote how taken when ordered 61 MAJORITY Q Change rules or order of business necessary to 4b idy Election necessaryfor MEMORIALS Presentment and consideration 15 MINORITY REPORTS Debate on 1 64 Minority may make reports how1 124 80 MESSAGES Rule No Consideration of Jr 03 How sent received announced and considered31 102 Received from the Governor or House at any timeag 137 When Received i v193 igy MESSENGER Arrest senators power to on order of president100101 Clear galleries and lobbies when n Duty of on call of Senate 194 ExOfficio SergeantatArms 100 General duties v 116 117 Suspension of g 49 MOTIONS Information for from executive department lie on table one day 125 Germane motion to amend must be V 433 l Nondebatable not in order when 32 122 One at time onlyvy Order of business motion to change not debatable 106 Order of business motion to change vote necessary 45139 Order of priority 4 Privilege question of take precedencei 127 Reading by secretary effect of 104 Read papers motion to not debatable v 30 Rules motion to change or suspend vote necessary 139 Rules motion to change or suspend how submitted 138 Seconding not required i 109 Senator resume seat while motion is being put 28 Special Orders motion to make how submitted 36 Statement of by chair effect of 194 Strike out motion to part to be striken considered first 123 Unprivileged containing new matter lie on table one day 107 Withdrawal of 104 NEW MATTERS Information from executive department motion for lie on table one day A 125 Unprivileged motion containing lie on table one day 107 Unanimous consent for 1 IX X 49 NOMINATIONS Disparaging remarks prohibited inr 25 Laudatory Remarks prohibited in 25 81 OATHS Rule No Assistant Secretary 132 Clerks ip 133 Entered in JournalgA1 133 Secretarys 132 ORDER OF BUSINESS Established 136 Majority necessary to change order fixed by rules committee 45 Majority necessary to change order1 139 Motion to change not debatable 196 Priority of decided by president without debateT14 Rules committee fix during last fifteen days of session 45 Special orders motion for how submitted 36 PAIRING Not recognized H PARLIAMENTARY LAW Applicable when J 141 PETITIONS Presentment and consideration 105 PREAMBLE Not considered until bill or resolution perfectedA 85 POSTPONE TO DEFINITE DAY MOTION TO Applicable to what 73 Amendments subject to 73 Debate limited 72 Impossible day motion to postpone to treated how 73 Precedence of g 46 70 Renewal when lost cannot be made again the same day 72 POSTPONE INDEFINITELY MOTION TO Applicable to whatr 70 Amendments not subject to 99 Debate subject topr 99 Effect when motion prevailsjj 68 Impossible motion to postpone to impossible day treated how 73 Precedence of 46 70 Renewal when lost motion cannot be again made on same matter 71 82 PRESIDENT rj S Rule No Absence of president pro tem preside 7 Adjournment Senators remain until president retires 22 Appeals from decisions of 8 9 15 Arrest president may order of persons disturbing senate 11 Arrest Senators power to order when absent100101 Attendance power to compel I 100 101 Business priority of decided by Call of Senate power and duty on 12 13 101 Committees appointed by 4 4gg Commitment of bills and resolutions on first reading 37 Courtesy due by Senators to at adjournment 22 Conference Committee appointed byI 420 Division may order g Galleries power to clear ji Interrogation of senators thru 21 Irrevelant debate power to suspendp j Lobbies power to clear i Method of stating question 5 Messages duty on receiving 03 No quorum voting duty of president 1213 Recognition of Senators decided by i 3 Rules committee exofficio chairman of 135 Signs all writs warrants etc of Senate 115 Silence power to command 4 Senator may name to preside g Senator may call to order for breach of rules y 15 Senators elected after committees appointed president may appoint to committees no Standing Committees appointment of135 Suspension of officers byfcfopM 10 Vote president required to when 2 Vacant chairmanships power to fill fT a no PRESIDENT PRO TEMPORE Absence of president and president pro tempore secretary shall call election of president pro temporerg 7 Duties of 7 PREVIOUS QUESTION Adjournment effect of arrival of hour of Senate acting under 52 Adjourn motion to after motion for previous question sustained itjSm 50 59 Affirmative vote on effect of59 60 64 67 Applicable to what1 1 05 Call of Senate after previous question ordered 66 83 Rule No Debate regulated previous question decided affirmatively Debate motion for not subject to Exhausted before matters excepted to decided Incidental questions arising after previous question ordered decided without debate Precedence of motion for Reconsideration f Table motion to after motion for previous question sustained ps PRIVILEGE Motion without to lie on table Personal Question of what constitute 1 Questions of take precedence PRIVILEGE OF THE FLOOR When extended to visitors l Who entitled toW PRINTING OF BILLS When ordered j PROTESTS OF SENATORS Procedure for 6064 59 16 67 4659 63 5859 QUORUM Call of Senate no quorum voting 101 No quorum voting duty of president 12 13101 No quorum voting president may order yeas and nays 13 84 Rule No Intervening days effect of 95 Main question ordering of may be reconsidered 63 Main question ordering of may be reconsidered only once 63 Notice required 93 One time no matter reconsidered but 94 Previous question reconsideration ofJI 63 When and how asked 92 95 When motion for is in order 92 REMONSTRANCES Presentment and Consideration 105 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES Amendments after agreement to581 Disagreement to effect of 39 Favorable report effect of 38 Form of 124 Minority reports j 124 Procedure afteri 38 39 Precedence of 1 41 Reconsideration of action on1 39 Unfavorable report 38 Writing must be in 124 RULES Change proposal to must be submitted in writing and referred to Rules committee 138 Majority necessary to changeJ 139 Special orders motion to make how submitted 36 Suspend motion to not debatableI 109 Suspended how1106138136 RULES COMMITTEE Change in rules all proposals for submitted to 138 Order of business for last fifteen days fixed by 45 Report of in order at any time 137 Special orders must be reported on by 36 SECRETARY Absence of president and president pro tern call election for president pro tem 7 Absentees note name of 99 Amending bills by sections duty of in 86 85 Rule No Amending bills by striking and inserting duty of in 87 Attest all writs warrants etc of Senate1 115 Bills and Resolutions called in order by from calendar 35 Bills and Resolutions Engrossed Entries on to be made by 37 Bills and Resolutions state number and author of in calling 35 Bond of 132 Clerks appointment of 133 General assembly joint session keep minutes of 134 Journal duty to enter names of Senators not voting on yeas and nays 108 Oathf1f 132 SENATORS Adjournment duty of at 22 Accounts of duty of auditing committee as to 140 26 101 15 17 22 15 Applause prohibited Arrest power of president to order100101 Attendance power of president to compelT100101 Call of Senate may ask Called to order for transgression of rules Committee assignments when elected after organization of Senate completedS HO Conduct in debateT151718212326 32 Contempt of the Senate 2 Conversation refrain from Courtesy owed Senator speaking Debate how often speak Debate reference to private conversations committee or house happenings prohibitd in 23 Decorum of 1517192126 Division of Question may ask for 33 Division of Question duty of Senator asking for 34 Division of Senate may ask for 5 6 Disparaging Remarks prohibited 25 Exceptions to words spoken Expulsion of Interrogation of thru president Laudatory remarks prohibited Messenger duty of to Motion make only one at time 15 21 25 117 28 28 Motion must resume seat while motion being put Motion prohibited from making nondebatable when 32122 Not voting names of entered in Journal 108 86 Rule No Pairing of not recognized 119 Personal Privilege 127 Preside president may designate Senators to 6 Protest of Senate action by 20 Reading of Papers call for 30 Recognition order of decided by president 3 Retire when required to 19 Retire not allowed to when 12100 Senators refer to Senators by districts and not by name 18 Special Orders request fory 36 Stationery messenger shall supply 17 Unanimous consent right to ask for 4 40 Vote changing how and when 126 Vote Explanation of 29 Vote shall not when interested 19 Vote refusal to on call of Senate 12 Voting motion to excuse from y 31 Yeas and Nays call for 61 SERGEANTATARMS Duty of on Call of the Senate101 Messenger exofficio 100 SIGNATURE OF PRESIDENT AND SECRETARY When required 115 SILENCE Senators preserve r 1 17 SMOKING Prohibited Si 24 SPECIAL COMMITTEE Priority of Motion to commit tog 74 75 SPECIAL ORDER How obtained 36 SUBSTITUTE Bill perfected before 80 Table motion to not in order 53 SUSPENSION OF RULES How accomplished 10fi 138139 TABLE MOTION TO Amendment motion to table not in order 53 Amendment motion to table or take from table not subject to 56 Applicable to what 57 Debate motion to table or fake from table not subject tol 56 87 Effect when motion to take from table prevails 54 Information from executive department motion for lie on table one day 125 Motion to take from table in order when 54 55 Main Question ordered motion to table not in order 58 59 Precedence of l 46 Previous question motion for sustained motion to table in order 58 59 Renewal of motion to table or take from table 55 Substitute not subject to 53 Unprivileged motion containing new matter lie on table one day1 107 When in order motion to table and take from table 55 58 TWOTHIRDS VOTE WHEN NECESSARY Constitution Amendment 130 Expulsion of Senators 15 Yeas and Nays recorded when constitution requiresJ 130 UNANIMOUS CONSENT Explanation of vote by 29 Limitation and regulation of 40 Local bills considered by when 40 New matters consideration by 40 No request to extend time of explanation shall be entertained g29 YEAS ANY NAYS Adjournment effect of arrival of hour of while vote being taken by 52 Adjourn motion to not in order during call of 50 Appropriations record of required on all 129 Call for after main question ordered 61 Change vote after call of 126 Constitution requiring twothird vote for passage of bill yeas and nays shall be recorded 130 Constitution amendment to required and recorded on 130 Debate no debate during call of 27 Debate motion or call for not debatable2 114 Explanation of vote when vote taken by 29 Excuse from voting motion to must be made before start of 31 Expulsion of Senator vote by 15 Journal show when61129130 Journal show names of Senators not voting onr 108 President may order no quorum voting 1213 Required when 61129130 88 OFFICERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1943 AND 1944 ROY V HARRIS of RichmondSpeaker FRED HAND of MitchellSpeaker Pro Tern P T McCUTCHEN JR of FultonClerk JOSEPH M BRANCH of WashingtonChaplain GEORGE T BAGBY of PauldingMessage Clerk J C KIMSEY of WhiteCalendar Clerk W E DIXON II of BibbReading Clerk A W WHEELESS JR of FultonJournal Clerk HUGH STRIPLIN of Heard Messenger MARION TOMS of QuitmanDoorkeeper 89 MEMBERS OF THE GEORGIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED ACCORDING TO NAMES WITH COUNTIES AND POSTOFFICES FOR THE TERM 19431944 Representative County Adams WallaceWheeler Alexander A LeopoldChatham Allison Marvin AGwinnett Alwood W E JrJenkins Anderson J MWayne Baker Frank L JrFloyd Bates W BIWare Battles G D SrDecatur Barfield LeeBibb Bargeron Jones JBurke Bennett J JWare Bentley J LinwoodUpson Boone A S Jr Wilkinson Bowen E LLrPierce Boynton Claud CUnion Branch George WTift Brewton S TEvans Bridges J OiEarly Broome W Lt DeKalb Brunson HokeBulloch Burnside T ReubenMcDuffie Burton Geo TLeesi Bynum T L Rabun Caldwell H WITroup Campbell R PNewton Campbell RobertPolk Cannon C RRockdale Cates Frank MHfeLxBurke Chance H LTwiggsL Cheshire Robt EColquitt Clark J HCatoosa Connell T GuyLowndes Copland Arthur FMuscogee Post Office Glenwood Savannah Lawrenceville Millen Jesup Rome Waycross Bainbridge Macon Sardis Waycross Thomaston Irwinton Blackshear Suches Tifton Claxton Blakely Decatur Statesboro Thomson Smith ville Clayton LaGrange Covington Cedartown Conyers Waynesboro Danville Moultrie Ringgold Valdosta Columbus a 90 Representative County PostOffice Cowart J GLowndes rx HahiraRPD Crdmmey Cecil DWilcox Rochelle Culpepper J WFayetteFayetteville Curry J MRandolphShellman Dallis RenderTroupLaGrange Dalton E MBanksAltoRFD Daves Dr V CDooly JVienna Dorsett L Z Douglas T o il gl vi U 0 Dorsey John T Drake John L Cobb Sivminole Marietta Dukes Harley Bryan Ppmbrokp Dunn C M Lamar T3 tyi p y 11 p Dupree J D Pulaski TT flwki ri svil 1 ft Durden Adie Dougherty Alhqny Dyal J E Appling Baxlpy Easier Millard Crawford IRobcrt Edwards J W Elliott J Robert Taylor Muscogpp Butler Thimbus Ennis J H Baldwin Milledgeville Ferguson R WCamden Fisher W IIJeff Davis Fortson B W JrWilkes Foster W A JrPaulding Fussell W 0Webster Gardner J DMitchell Gaskins J HBerrien Gaston J AvonButts Gavin Chesterv jClay Kingsland Hazelhurst Washington Dallas RichlandRFD Camilla Nashville Jackson Ft Gaines Gholston Dr W DMadisonDanielsville Giddens 0 TCalhounLeary Gilbert J ohn JGlynn Brunswick Gillis HughjiTreutlenSoperton Goldberg MyerCowetaNewnan Gowen Charles LGlynnBrunswick Graham L WBrooksBarney Gray W WHoustonUnadillaRFD Grayson Spence MChathamSavannah Greene A MJonesjjf Gray Greene R SMkJEllaville Guerry Mrs John BMacon Montezuma Guyton C TEffinghamGuyton 91 Representative County Post Office Hagan ElliottScrevenSylvania Hand Fred Mitchell Harden C Z Turner Hardy C E Jackson Harris Roy V Richmond Hart W H Quitman Hart A B Thomas Hartness Cecil Fannin Hatchett J Frank Meriwether Heard Robt M Elbert Hefner J I Pickens Herndon T 0 Hart Hicks M G Floyd Hightower Leeward Spalding Hill Kent Clarke Hill B H Troup Hogg JP Marion Holley W W Richmond Hooks V H Emanuel Horne Wendell Crisp Howard T L Long Hubert H 0 Jr I DeKalb Hurst Eugene P Coweta Jennings T D Sumter Jennings Henry S Terrell Johns J P Brantley Pelham Ashburn Jefferson Augusta Georgetown Thomasville Blue Ridge Greenville Elberton Jasper Hartwell Rome Griffin Athens West Point Buena Vista Augusta Swainsboro Cordele Ludowici Decatur Newnan Americus Dawson WinokurRFD Johnson E Chattahoochee Cussetta Johnson W FPikeWilliamson Johnston Joe L Worth Joiner Mallie Cook Jones P A Grady Kelly Lee F Thomas Kelly E H Walker Kendrick W C Fulton Key W H Jasper Knabb Ralph Charlton Littlejohn A D Floyd Livingston Dr D M Polk Looper Max R Dawson Mabry T F Sumter Malone Linton G Laurens Mankin Helen Douglas Fulton Martin W P Bartow Sylvester Adel Cairo Thomasville St Elmo Tenn Atlanta Monticello Moniac Rome Cedartown Dawsonville Americus Dublin Atlanta Adairsville 92 Representative County Post Office Mason C R Morgan Madison Mavity John L Walker Jtossville Maund J B Talbot Talbotton McCamy Carlton C Whitfield Dalton McCracken J Roy Jefferson Louisville McEntire C D Franklin Carnesville McIntosh F A McIntosh Eulonia McNall Frank A Chatham Savannah Medders J M Bacon Alma Miller T E Lanier Lakeland Mills E M1Decatur rWhigham Mims J BushMillerT Colquitt Minchew A TLuAtkinson Pearson Mitchell W BMonroeForsyth Mixon Oliver KIrwinOcilla Moate Marvin Hancock Sparta Moore Joe Raid win Milledgeville Moore W R Taliaferro Sharon Nicholson Robert M Oconee Watkins ville Nicholson Geo Richmond Augusta Norman A C Henry McDonough Odom Benton Jr Baker Newton Ogburn J 0 Laurens Dublin Oliver A G Tatnall Glennville Overby H 0 Jr Stewart Richland Padgett J D Echols Jasper Fla Pannell Charles A Murray Chatsworth Park Judge J B Greene Greensboro Parker C E Walton Monroe Peck A W Dade Wildwood Pettit S Luke Bartow Cartersville Phillips Glenn S Columbia Harlem Pirkle Taylor Forsyth Cummings Porter Ford Gordon Calhoun Powell J J Stephens Toccoa Price L Olin Jr Clarke Athens Pruitt J F Lumpkin Dahlonega Ray Jack B Warren Norwood Rees L E Lincoln Jjincolnton Reid Herschel L Carroll Villa Rica Reynolds W H Clayton Jonesboro Riddlespurger Wm M Colquitt Moultrie Riley A C Peach Fort Valley 93 Representative County Post Office Roper Ed Hall Gainesville Rossee P C Putnam Eatonton Roughton W H Washington Sandersville Rountree J Leonard Emanuel Summitt Rowland E L Johnson Wrightsville Russell Epps L White Cleveland Salter Marion Upson Thomaston Sharpe T Ross Toombs Lyons Sheppard Olin Heard FranklinRFD Sills F H Candler Metter Smiley C J Liberty Walthourville Smith Willis Carroll Carrollton Smith Turner L Dougherty Albany Smith H Dixon Muscogee Columbus Smith J C Si Oglethorpe Point PeterRFD Smith E C Washington Davisboro Sparks W 0 Jr Towns Hiawassee Strickland W 0 Haralson Buchanan Sumner J W Worth Sylvester Swint A G Spalding Orchard Hill Thigpen Casey Glascock Gibson Thomas Ross Chattooga Summerville Thompson G C Meriwether 1 c Manchester Thrash J M Coffee Douglas Thurmond Charles J Hall Gainesville Turner Mell DeKalb Decatur Waller R M Whitfield Dalton Warnock J T Montgomery Tarrytown Weaver A H S BibbMacon Welsch Sam J f Cobb 1Marietta Wells Virgil GBen HillFitzgerald Wells T J TelfairMilan Whipple L ABleckleyCochran Wilbanks FredlCherokeeCanton Wilbanks Paris Habersham Clarksville Williams John H Coffee Douglas Williams Dr A D Gwinnett Lawrenceville Williams W W Harris Hamilton Willoughby B T Clinch Homerville Wilson Lewis B Bibb Macon Woodruff George W Barrow Winder Wright E M Gilmer Ellijay Yawn Eugene Dodge Eastman 94 MEMBERS OF THE GEORGIA HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES BY COUNTIES ANDPOSTOFFICES FOR THE TERM 19431944 CQunty Representative Post Office Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bibb Bibb Bleckleyv Brantley Brooks Bryan Bulloch Bulloch BurkeI Burke Butts1i Calhoun Camden Candler Carroll Carroll Catoosa CharltonJ Chathamt Chatham Chatham Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clarke Clay J E Dyal A T Minchew J M Medders Benton Odom Jr J H Ennis Joe Mdore E M Dalton George W Woodruff S Luke Pettit W P Martin Virgil G Wells J H Gaskins A H S Weaver Lewis B Wilson Lee Barfield L A Whipple J P Johns L W Graham Harley Dukes Dr D L Dealr Hoke Brunson Frank M Cates Jones J Bargeron J Avon Gaston O T Giddens R W Ferguson F H Sillsl Willis Smith Herschel L Reid J H Clark Ralph Kliabb Spence M Grayson Frank A McNa11 A Leopold Alexander E F Johnson Ross Thomasa r Fred Wilbanks Kent Hill V L Olin Price Jr Chester Gavin Baxley Pearson Alma Newton Milledgeville Milledgeville AltoRFD Winder Cartersville Adairsville Fitzgerald Nashville Macon Macon Macon Cochran WinokurRFD Barney Pembroke Statesboro Statesboro Waynesboro Sardis Jackson Leary Kingsland Metter Carrollton Villa Rica Ringgold Moniac Savannah Savannah Savannah Cussetta Summerville Canton Athens Athens Ft Gaines 95 County Representative Post Office Clayton W H Reynolds Jonesboro Clinch B T Willoughby Homerville Cobb John T Dorsey Marietta Cobb Sam J Welsch Marietta Coffee J M Thrash Douglas Coffee John H Williams Douglas Colquitt Robt E Cheshire Moultrie Colquitt Wm M Riddlespurger Moultrie Columbia Glenn S Phillips Harlem Cook Mallie Joiner Adel Coweta Myer Gold here Newnan Coweta Eugene P Hurst Newnan Crawford Millard Easier Roberta Crisp Wendell Horne Cordele Dade A W Peck Wildwood Dawson Max R Looper Dawsonville Decatur G D Battles Sr Bainbridge Decatur E M Mills Whigham DeKalb Mell Turner Decatur DeKalb H 0 Hubert Jr Decatur DeKalb W L Broome Decatur Dodge Dooly Eugene YawnEastman Dr V C Daves Vienna DoughertyTurner L Smith Albany DoughertyAdie Durden Albany DouglasL Z DorsettDouglasville EarlyJ 0 BridgesBlakely EcholsJ D PadgettJasper Fla RFD EffinghamC T Guyton Guyton u ElbertRobt M HeardElberton Emanuel V H HooksM Swainsboro EmanuelJ Leonard Rountree Summitt Evans S T BrewtonClaxton Fannin Cecil HartnessBlue Ridge FayetteJ W CulpepperFayetteville FloydM G HicksRome FloydA D LittlejohnRome Floyd Frank L Baker JrRome ForsythTaylor PirkleCummings Franklin1C D McEntireCarnesville FultonMW C Kendrick Atlanta FultonHelen Douglas MankinAtlanta FultonPaul S Etheridge JrAtlanta GilmerE M WrightEllijay GlascockCasey ThigpenGibson GlynnCharles L GowenBrunswick Glynn2John J GilbertBrunswick Gordon rFord PorterCalhoun GradyP A JonesCairo GreeneJ B ParkGreensboro Gwinnett 1Dr A D Williams Lawrenceville GwinnettMarvin A AllisonLawrenceville HabershamParis WilbanksClarksville Hall Ed Roper1Gainesville HallCharles J ThurmondiGainesville County Representative Post Office Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln Long Lowndes Lowndes Lumpkin Macon Madison Marion McDuffie McIntosh Meriwether Meriwether Miller Mitchell Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee Muscogee Muscogee Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Polk Pulaski Putnam Marvin Moate Spar tfi W 0 Strickland Buchanan W W Williams Ham il ton T 0 Herndon Hartwell Olin Sheppard FranklinRFD A C Norman McDonough W W Gray U nadillaRFD Oliver K Mixon Odila C E Hardy Jefferson W H Key Monticello W H Fisher Hazelhurst J Roy McCracken Louisville W E Alwood Jr Millen E L Rowland W ri gh ts vi Up A M Greene Gray C M Dunn Barnesvillp T E Miller Lakeland Linton G Malone Duhlin J 0 Ogbum Dublin Geo T Burton Smith ville C J Smiley til L E Rees T inoolnton T L Howard Ludowici T Guy Connell Valdosta J G Cowart HahiraRFD J F Pruitt Dahlonega Mrs John B Guerry Montezuma Dr W D Gholston Daniels vii le J P Hogg Buena Vista T Reuben Burnside Thomson F A McIntosh Eulonia G C Thompson Manchester J Frank Hatchett Greenville J Bush Mims Colquitt Fred Hand Pelham J D Gardner Camilla W B Mitchell Forsyth J T Warnock Tarry town C R Mason Madison Charles A Pannell Chats worth J Robert Elliott Columbus H Dixon Smith Columbus Arthur F Copland Columbus R P Campbell Covington Robert M Nicholson Watkins ville J C Smith Point Peter RFD W A Foster Jr Dallas A C Riley Fort Valley J 1 Hefner Jasper E L Bowen Blackshear W F Johnson Williamson RobertCampbell Cedartown Dr D M Livingston Cedartown J D Dupree Hawkinsville P C Rossee Eatonton 97 County Representative Post Office Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Richmond Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter Sumter Talbot Taliaferro Tatnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup Troup TroupI Turner Twiggs Union Upson1 Upson Walker Walker1 Walton Ware Ware Warren Washington Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth Worth w H Hart Georgetown T L Bynum Clayton T M Curry Shellman Roy V Harris Augusta Geo Nicholson Augusta W W Holley Augusta C Rs Cannon Conyers Rt S Greene Ellaville Elliott Hagan Sylvania John L Drake Donalsonville Leward Hightower Griffin A C Swint Orchard Hill T J Pnwoll Toccoa H CT Overhy Jr Richland T D Jonnings Americus T E Mabry Amerieus J R Maund Talbotton W R Moore Sharon A C Oliver Glennville J W Edwards Butler T J Wolls Milan Honry S Jonnings Dawson A R Hart Thomasville Too E TCglly Thomasville Coorgo W Branch Tifton T Boss Sharp Lyons W 0 Sparks Jr Hiawassee Hugh Cillis Soperton Rondor Dallis LaGrange H W Caldwell LaGrange B H Hill West Point C Z Harden Ashbum H T Chance Danville Claud C Boynton Suches Marion Salter Thomaston J Linwood Bentley Thomaston John L Mavity Rossville E H Felly St Elmo Tenn C E Parker Monroe W B Ratos Waycross J J Bennett Waycross Tack B Ray Norwood E C Smith Davisboro W H Roughton Sandersville J M Anderson Jesup W 0 Fussell RichlandRFD Wallace Adams Glenwood Epps L Russoll Cleveland Carlton C McCamy Dalton R M Waller Dalton Cecil D Crummey Rochelle B W Fortson Jr Washington A S Boone Jr Trwinton Dr Cordon S Sumner Sylvester Joe Tj Johnston Sylvester STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES TERM 19431944 99 ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND Weaver Chairman Herndon Greene of Jones ViceChairman Hicks Dunn Secretary Johns Barfield Knabb Battles Livingston Bentley Mankin Boone McEntire Brunson Medders Cowart Mixon Dallis Norman DuPree Russell Gaston Wells of Ben Hill Giddens Wilson Gray Woodruff AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION NUMBER ONE Foster Chairman U Dunn Hogg ViceChairman Durden Gilbert Secretary Fortson Alexander Gardner Allison Gholston Alwood Gillis Barfield Goldberg Branch Gowen Broome Grayson Campbell of Newton Greene of Jones Cannon Guyton Cates Hand Clark Harden Connell Heard Copland Hill of Troup Culpepper Horne Curry Joiner Daves Kelly of Thomas Deal Kelly of Walker 100 Key Knabb McCamy MeEntire McCracken Mabry Mason Miller Mitchell Moore of Baldwin Nicholson of Oconee Nicholson of Richmond Peck Porter Price Ray Riley Rossee Sharpe Sills Smith of Dougherty Sumner Thompson Thrash Waller Wells of Ben Hill AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION NUMBER TWO Wblsch Chairman Brewton ViceChairman Riddlespurger Secretary Adams Alexander Allison Anderson Bargeron Branch Bennett Brunson Bynum Cates Clark Connell Culpepper Dallis Dorsett Edwards Etheridge Ferguson Gilbert Gillis Gowen Grayson Hagan Hart of Thomas Hatchett Hightower Hicks Holley Hooks Hubert Hurst Jones Johnson of Pike Johnston of Worth Kelly of Walker Kendrick Littlejohn Looper Malone Mason McCracken 101 v McNall Reynolds Mankin Rowland Mavity Smith of Oglethorpe Mims Strickland Mixon Swint Moore of Taliaferro Thurmond Nicholson of Richmond Weaver Pannell Wells of Telfair Park Whipple Powell Wilson APPROPRIATIONS tent Chairman Grayson dwell ViceChairman Greene of Schley Secretary Guyton Allison Hagan Alwood Hand Barfield Harden Bowen Hardy Boynton Hefner Branch Herndon Bridges Hicks Burnside Horne Campbell of Newton Hubert Campbell of Polk Hurst Cates Jennings of Sumter Connell Jennings of Terrell Culpepper Johnson of Pike Daves Kelly of Thomas Deal Kelly of Walker Durden Key Elliott Knabb Ennis McCracken Etheridge McEntire Ferguson McNall Fortson Martin Foster Mason Graham Miller 102 Mitchell Nicholson of Eichmond Phillips Powell Price Kiddlespurger Rossee Rountree Russell Sills Smiley Smith of Carroll Smith of Muscogee Sparks Thigpen Thompson Thrash Thurmond Whipple Williams of Coffee AUDITING Gardner Chairman Boynton ViceChairman Minchew Secretary Baker Branch Burnside Burton Campbell of Newton Copland Daves Drake Durden Easier Poster Gavin Gowen Graham Greene of Jones Hart of Thomas Holley Johnson of Chattahoochee Kelly of Walker Knabb Mavity McCamy McCracken McNall Miller Mims Mixon Moore of Baldwin Moore of Taliaferro Oliver Peck Phillips Powell Price Reid Roper Rossee Smith of Dougherty Smith of Muscogee Thurmond Turner Wells of Ben Hill Williams of Harris 103 AVIATION Ferguson Chairman Malone ViceChairman Keynolds Secretary Alexander Bates Battles Bennett Brunson Connell Cowart Dorsey Dunn Easier Elliott Gilbert Hagan Hart of Thomas Heard Hicks Holley Kelly of Thomas Kendrick Littlejohn Looper Norman Pettit Price Houghton Bussell Salter Thrash Turner Welsch Wilbanks of Cherokee Wilbanks of Habersham Williams of Coffee BANKS AND BANKING Miller Chairman Pruitt ViceChairman Roper Secretary Alexander Baker Battles Burton Caldwell Cates Culpepper Dorsett Dukes Dyal Ferguson Fortson Gowen Hand Hicks Hightower Hill of Clarke Johnson of Pike Johnston of Worth Kelly of Thomas Key Littlejohn McCamy Mankin Mason Mills Moate Nicholson of Oconee Odom 104 Ogburn Oliver Overby Park Parker Pirkle Ray Riley Rountree Sharpe Smith of Muscogee Smith of Oglethorpe Sparks Sumner Swint Thompson Thrash Waller Warnock Wells of Ben Hill Wells of Telfair Williams of Harris Willoughby Yawn COMMERCE Curry Chairman McIntosh ViceChairman Knabb Secretary Baker Battles Bentley Boone Bridges Brunson Campbell of Polk Cates Chance Crummey Dallis Dorsett Dukes DuPree Dyal Easier Edwards Fisher Gray Greene of Schley Guyton Hatchett Herndon Hightower Hill of Troup Norman Pannell Pruitt Sparks Warnock Wilbanks of Habersham CONSERVATION Smith of Muscogee Chairman Rountree ViceChairman Anderson Secretary Adams Alexander Alwood Bates Bentley 105 Boone Boynton Bridges Brunson Burton Bynum Campbell of Newton Campbell of Polk Chance Cowart Crummey Dallis Deal Dorsett Dukes Dyal Drake Edwards Ferguson Fisher Gaston Giddens Goldberg Gowen Graham Greene of Jones Guerry Howard Jennings of Terrell Kelly of Thomas Key McIntosh McNall Mason Malone Mavity Medders Mills Minchew Moate Moore of Taliaferro Nicholson of Richmond Odom Oliver Park Peck Padgett Pirkle Porter Sheppard Smiley Sparks Wells of Telfair Wilbanks of Cherokee Williams of Harris CORPORATIONS Riley Chairman Bynum Gilbert ViceChairman Caldwell Hightower Secretary Cannon Alexander Clark Alwood Copland Bates Culpepper Battles Dorsett Boone Dorsey Brunson Dukes 106 Dunn Elliott Ennis Gardner Greene of Scliley Hardy Heard Hill of Clarke Hogg Horner Jennings of Terrell Johnston of Worth Key Mankin Mitchell Moate Odom Panned Parker Peck Reynolds Rowland Russell Smith of Carroll Smith of Oglethorpe Strickland Swint Welsch Woodruff Yawn COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS Sills Chairman Cowaet ViceChairman Heard Secretary Adams Allison Baker Barfield Bennett Brewton Broome Bynum Campbell of Newton Campbell of Polk Cannon Chance Culpepper Dalton Dorsey Easier Etheridge Fussell Gaston Gholston Gilbert Goldberg Greene of Schley Harden Hardy Hefner Hogg Howard Hubert Jennings of Sumter Jennings of Terrell Johns Johnson of Chattahoochee Belly of Thomas Knabb Looper McEntire McIntosh Mabry 107 Mason Sheppard Martin Smiley Mavity Smith of Washington Maund Sparks Medders Thigpen Mims Thurmond Minchew Waller Norman Warnock Peck Weaver Pirkle Welsch Pettit Whipple Price Williams of Gwinnett Reid Willoughby Reynolds Wright Russell DRAINAGE Durden Chairman McElntire Hand ViceChairman McIntosh Gowen Secretary McNall Allison Mason Bargeron Mims Branch Minchew Clark Mitchell Daves Mixon Drake Phillips Fortson Reid Foster Rossee Gillis Smith of Muscogee Hicks Thomas McCracken Welsch EDUCATION NUMBER ONE Thrash Chairman Adams Whipple ViceChairman Alwood Horne Secretary Bargeron 108 Boynton Johnson of Chattahoochee Bridges Kelly of Thomas Brunson Kelly of Walker Campbell of Newton Kendrick Cannon Key Cheshire McCracken Clark MeEntire Connell Mason Crummey Miller Curry Mims Dalton Nicholson of Bichmond Daves Ogburn Deal Powell Durden Price Foster Bees Fussell Biley Gavin Roper Gowen Bossee Graham Bussell Grayson Salter Greene of Jones Sharpe Guerry Sheppard Guyton Smith of Dougherty Hand Smith of Washington Harden Sumner Hardy Thompson Hart of Quitman Waller Herndon Wells of Ben Hill Hill of Troup Williams of Coffee Hurst Williams of Gwinnett Jennings of Sumter Williams of Harris Joiner Willoughby EDUCATION NUMBER TWO Hatchett Chairman Dunn ViceChairman Hbest Secretary Allison Bennett Branch Culpepper DuPree 109 Easier Edwards Gardner Gaskins Gholston Gilbert Gillis Goldberg Hagan Hartness Hightower Hogg Hooks Jennings of Terrell Johnson of Pike Jones Knabb Looper McCamy Malone Martin Maund Medders Minehew Odom Overby Park Parker Peck Porter Ray Rountree Rowland Smiley Smith of Muscogee Smith of Oglethorpe Strickland Swint Thurmond Welsch Wells of Telfair ENGROSSING Branch Chairman Willoughby ViceChairman Etheridge Secretary Anderson Broome Dallis Fortson Foster Fussell Gaston Goldberg Graham Gray Hart of Quitman Hightower Hiil of Troupe Mabry Malone Mavity McIntosh Minehew Mixon Nicholson of Richmond Porter Pruitt Salter Sheppard Whipple Wright 110 ENOLLMENT Johnson of Chattahoochee Greene of Jones Chairman Hicks Hooks ViceChairman Herndon Jones Secretary Hill of Clarke Chance Odom Easier Smiley Fisher Thurmond Gaskins Giddens Willoughby EXCUSE OF MEMBERS ABSENT WITHOUT LEAVE Mitchell Chairman Herndon Cheshire ViceChairman Hill of Troup Norman Secretary Johnson of Pike Battles J oiner Bentley Mims Boone Mills Burnside Moate Campbell of Polk Odom Chance Oliver Dalton Pannell Dorsey Sparks DuPree Strickland Gaskins Wilbanks of Habersham Heard Yawn GAME AND FISH McNall Chairman Bargeron Hagan ViceChairman Bennett Knabb Secretary Bowen Allison Boynton Alwood Brewton Anderson Broome Barfield Bynum ui Campbell of Newton Chesire Cowart Curry Dalton Dukes Durden Etheridge Ferguson Fortson Fussell Gaston Gholston Gilbert Goldberg Gowen Harden Hardy Hartness Heard Hill of Troupe Home Howard Jennings of Terrell Johns Kelly of Thomas Littlejohn Looper Mabry Martin Mason Maund Mavity McCamy McIntosh Mims Minchew Mixon Oliver Peck Pettit Pirkle Pay Russell Sheppard Sills Smith of Dougherty Smith of Muscogee Sparks Thomas Thurmond Waller Warnock Wells of Telfair Wilbanks of Cherokee Williams of Harris Willoughby Wright GENERAL AGRICULTURE NUMBER ONE Mason Chairman Bargeron Graham ViceChairman Bentley Jennings of Terrell Secretary Bowen Adams Branch Alwood Broome Anderson Bynum Barfield Caldwell 112 Chance Knabb Cheshire McCracken Clark McEntire Crummey Miller Dalton Mitchell DuPree Moore of Baldwin Dnrden Nicholson of Oconee Fisher Parker Fortson Pirkle Gavin Porter Gillis Rossee Greene of Jones Rowland Greene of Schley Russell Guerry Salter Hand Sheppard Harden Strickland Hardy Sumner Hart of Thomas Swint Heiner Waller Hill of Clarke Warnock Hogg Wells of Ben Hill Hubert Wilbanks of Cherokee Hurst Williams of Coffee Johnson of Pike Williams of Gwinett Jones Williams of Harris Kelly of Thomas Willoughby Kelly of Walker Woodruff Key Wright GENERAL AGRICULTURE NUMBER TWO Gillis Chairman Cannon Joiner YiceChairman Cates Hooks Secretary Cowart Allison Curry Bates Deal Battles Drake Bennett Dukes Burton Dunn 113 Dyal Easier Ferguson Fussell Gardner Gaskins Gaston Gholston Giddens Guyton Holley Johns Johnston of Worth Looper Malone Medders Mills Mims Minchew Moate Moore of Taliaferro Norman Odom Ogburn Oliver Overby Padgett Pannell Reid Reynolds Riddlespurger Rountree Smiley Smith of Washington Wells of Telfair Wilbanks of Habersham Wilson GENERAL JUDICIARY NUMBER ONE Mixon Chairman Riley ViceChairman Ethekidge Secretary Allison Anderson Barger on Bates Boone Brewton Burnside Campbell of Newton Clark of Catoosa Connell Copland Culpepper Dorsett Dorsey Dunn Durden Edwards Elliott Foster Gardner Gilbert Guyton Hand Harden Hardy Heard Hill of Troup Hogg Howard Key McCamy McCracken Martin 114 Mason Mavity Mills Nicholson of Richmond Ogburn Pannell Reynolds Roper Rountree Sheppard Smith of Carroll Strickland Thompson Thurmond Weaver Williams of Coffee Williams of Harris Willoughby GENERAL JUDICIARY NUMBER TWO Hicks Chairman Shaepe ViceChairman Mitchell Secretary Alexander Barfield Bynum Cheshire Dorsett Gholston Goldberg Gowen Grayson Hatchett Hightower Horne Hubert Littlejohn Mankin Mims Nicholson of Oconee Pannell Park Peck Porter Ray Riddlespurger Rowland Smith of Dougherty Thigpen Turner Welsch Whipple GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF Littlejohn Chairman Campbell of Polk ViceChairman Thomas Secretary Bentley Bridges Chance Dallis Dalton Dorsett Giddens Hicks Hightower 115 Hill of Clarke Hooks Holley Johns Knabb Livingston McEntire Maund Mills Moate GEORGIA STATE Minchew Chairman McEntire ViceChairman Cowart Secretary Anderson Bargeron Bowen Brewton Bridges Brunson Cannon Copland Crummey Dalton Daves Dukes Durden Edwards Ennis Eisher Gaskins Gaston Gavin Gholston Giddens Gillis Graham Gray Greene of Jones Norman Reid Reynolds Roughton Smith of Oglethorpe Strickland Thigpen Thrash Wells of Ben Hill Yawn SANITARIUM Greene of Schley Guerry Harden Hart of Thomas Hart of Quitman Hartness Hatchett Hefner Herndon Hicks Hill of Troup Hurst Johnson of Chattahoochee Malone Martin Maund Moore of Baldwin Padgett Parker Pirkle Price Roper Rossee Smith of Muscogee Sumner Thompson Wells of Ben Hill 116 HALLS AND ROOMS Easler Chairman Bargeron ViceChairman Hart of Quitman Secretary Battles Caldwell Dorsett Foster Gaskins Giddens Gray Greene of Jones Hartness Hatchett Herndon Hicks Johnston of Worth Joiner Kendrick Livingston Mitchell Ogburn Ray Smiley Thigpen Turner Welsch Wilbanks of Habersham Woodruff Yawn HISTORICAL RESEARCH Guerry Chairman Dalton ViceChairman Ogburn Secretary Caldwell Campbell of Polk Cheshire Dunn Elliott Poster Guyton Hartness Herndon Hill of Troup Mills Moore of Baldwin Park Roughton Sharpe Sparks Strickland Thrash Wells of Telfair HYGIENE AND SANITATION Daves Chairman Baker Williams of Harris ViceChairman Bentley Sumner Secretary Allison Alwood Burnside Caldwell Cannon 117 Cheshire Key Connell Copland Culpepper Dallis Deal Durden Easier Edwards Elliott Ennis Etheridge Fisher Fortson Gavin Gaskins Gholston Gilbert Gowen Gray Grayson Greene of Jones Guerry Hand Hart of Thomas Hatchett Herndon Hicks Hill of Clarke Hill of Troup Hogg Littlejohn Livingston McNall Malone Mankin Maund Mavity Mixon Moore of Baldwin Nicholson of Richmond Porter Rees Reid Riddlespurger Rossee Roughton Smith of Carroll Smith of Dougherty Smith of Muscogee Strickland Swint Thomas Thompson Turner Waller Weaver Wells of Ben Hill Williams of Gwinnett Williams of Harris Yawn INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Kendrick Chairman Holley ViceChairman Copland Secretary Allison Bargeron Branch Broome Burnside Caldwell Campbell of Newton 118 Cannon Maund Clark Mavity Connell Miller Daves Mixon Deal Moore of Taliaferro Durden Nicholson of Bichmon Etheridge Peck Portson Pettit Gavin Phillips Gholston Powell Goldberg Salter Gowen Sheppard Grayson Smith of Carroll Hand Smith of Muscogee Hatchett Smith of Washington Hicks Swint Horne Thomas Jennings of Sumter Thurmond Kelly of Walker Turner Key Waller Littlejohn Weaver McCracken Wells of Ben Hill McNall Welsch Mankin Williams of Harris INSURANCE Phillips Chairman Etheridge Waller ViceChairman Poster Fortson Secretary Gholston Allison Gillis Barfield Goldberg Branch Gowen Burnside Harden Campbell of Newton Jennings of Sumter Cannon Jennings of Terrell Dorsey Johnston of Worth Durden Kelly of Thomas Easier Kendrick 119 Key McCracken Mabry Mankin Mason Maund Miller Mims Mitchell Nicholson of Richmond Peck Rees Rossee Salter Smith of Muscogee Smith of Oglethorpe Sumner Thurmond Turner Warnock Weaver Williams of Gwinnett INTERSTATE COOPERATION A Connell Chairman Durden Hagan ViceChairman Gowen McCracken Secretary Hand INVALID PENSIONS AND SOLDIERS HOME Hagan Chairman Moore of Taliaferro ViceChairman Smith of Oglethorpe Secretary Battles Edwards Gaskins Hart of Thomas Hartness Herndon Hooks Johns Livingston McEntire Mills Mixon Pruitt Rees Rowland Smiley Strickland Sumner Swint Wells of Telfair Wilbanks of Habersham Williams of Coffee Woodruff JOURNALS Gray Chairman Etheridge ViceChairman Holley Secretary 120 Anderson Bates Bennett Bentley Branch Burnside Gholston Johnson of Pike Kelly of Walker Looper Mabry Padgett Pannell Riddlespurger Salter Smith of Washington Wilbanks of Habersham Yawn LEGISLATIVE AND CONGRESSIONAL REAPPORTIONMENT Gavin Chairman Johnston of Worth ViceChairman Hefner Secretary Dyal Fisher Gaskins Gaston Gholston Giddens Guyton Hart of Thomas Hatchett Medders Padgett Houghton Thigpen MANUFACTURES Powell Chairman Salter ViceChairman Russell Secretary Barfield Bentley Boone Branch Dyal Fussell Hefner Jennings of Sumter Looper Livingston Mason Smith of Oglethorpe Wright Yawn 121 MILITARY AFFAIRS Thurmond Chairman Heard ViceChairman Price Secretary Bargeron Broome Cannon Cates Cheshire Clark Connell Crummey Curry Daves Drake Durden Elliott Ennis Etheridge Ferguson Fisher Fortson Gilbert Gillis Gowen Graham Grayson Guyton Hand Hardy Hicks Hogg Howard Hurst Jennings of Terrell Johnson of Chattahoochee J oiner Jones Kelly of Thomas Kelly of Walker Key Knabb Mavity Minchew Mixon McCracken Nicholson of Richmond Peck Pettit Phillips Riley Roughton Rossee Sheppard Smith of Dougherty Smith of Muscogee Swint Thrash Wells of Ben Hill Wilson Wright Yawn MINES AND MINING Pettit Chairman Pruitt ViceChairman Russell Secretary 122 Boynton Cannon Chance Hartness Salter Hatchett Sparks Hefner Strickland Livingston Welsch McEntire Wilbanks of Oherokr Pannell Wright Rees Yawn MOTOR VEHICLES Adams Chairman Littlejohn McEntire ViceChairman Mason Jenninge of Snmter Secretary Maund Baker McCamy Bargeron McCracken Burnside Mixon Burton Moore of Taliaferro Broome Peck Campbell of Newton Pettit Clark Phillips Dukes Price Durden Rossee Etheridge Sills Fortson Smith of Oglethorpe Greene of Jones Sparks Hand Thigpen Harden Thomas Heard Turner Horne Warnock Kelly of Thomas Whipple Kelly of Walker Williams of Gwinnett MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT Allison Chairman Broome Thompson ViceChairman Bynum Peck Secretary Campbell of Newton Bates Caldwell Bennett Clarke 123 Connell Martin Culpepper Mason Dorsey Mavity Drake Miller Durden Moate Ennis Phillips Etheridge Price Ferguson Riley Gaskins Roper Gaston Rountree Gavin Salter Gholston Sharpe Gilbert Sills Gowen Smith of Muscogee Hill of Clarke Turner Hogg Weaver Hubert Welsch Johnston of Worth Wells of Telfair Kelly of Thomas Wilbanks of Cherokee Key Wilson Kendrick Yawn McNall PENITENTIARY Mavity Chairman Fussell Harden ViceChairman Fortson Baker Secretary Goldberg Adams Gray Allison Greene of Schley Bargeron Guerry Bennett Hardy Bowen Hart of Quitman Boynton Heard Brewton Hefner Campbell of Newton Hicks Chance Hill of Troup Curry Howard Crummey Johnson of Chattahoochee Dalton Joiner Daves Jones 124 Looper Eiddlespurger McCracken Sharpe McNall Sheppard Mabry Sills Martin Smith of Carroll Mason Smith of Oglethorpe Maund Thigpen Mims Thompson Minchew Wells of Ben Hill Mitchell Wells of Telfair Ogburn Wilbanks of Cherokee Peck Williams of Gwinnett Pirkle Williams of Harris Price Willoughby Eees Woodruff PENSIONS Deal Chairman Livingston Maund ViceChairman Looper Burton Secretary McIntosh Battles Mason Broome Nicholson of Oconee Caldwell Pruitt Cheshire Eiddlespurger Cowart Eoughton Dalton Salter DuPree Smiley Graham Smith of Carroll Gray Smith of Oglethorpe Greene of Schley Smith of Washington Gholston Sparks Holley Strickland Hooks Warnock Howard Welsch Hurst Willoughby Johns 125 PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS Thigpen Chairman Smith of Washington ViceChairman Gaskins Secretary Bargeron Bates Bennett Dyal Elliott Gavin Hart of Quitman Hefner Hill of Clarke Hubert Joiner Mitchell Nicholson of Oconee Norman Oliver Porter PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR Hogg Chairman Hakt of Thomas ViceChairman Giddens Secretary Adams Anderson Bowen Copland Dalton Fisher Greene of Schley Guyton Hart of Quitman Hefner Johnson of Pike Livingston Parker Rowland Smith of Dougherty Wells of Telfair Williams of Coffee Yawn PUBLIC HIGHWAYS NUMBER ONE Rossee Chairman Cates Pettit ViceChairman Connell Crummey Secretary Dalton Adams Daves Allison Deal Alwood Durden Bowen Gardner Bynum Gavin Cannon Gholston 126 Goldberg Gowen Graham Grayson Greene of Jones Guerry Hand Harden Hardy Hatchett Howard Jennings of Sumter Jennings of Terrell Johnson of Chattahoochee Joiner Jones Kelly of Thomas Kelly of Walker Kendrick Key Knabb Littlejohn Looper McCracken McIntosh Mabry Martin Mason Maund Mavity Miller Moore of Baldwin Nicholson of Oconee Nicholson of Bichmond Ogburn Oliver Pirkle Porter Powell Price Bay Biley Boper Bussell Salter Sheppard Smiley Smith of Carroll Smith of Dougherty Smith of Muscogee Smith of Washington Sumner Swint Thompson Warnock Waller Wells of Ben Hill Wilbanks of Cherokee Williams of Coifee Williams of Harris Wilson PUBLIC HIGHWAYS NUMBER TWO Drake Chairman Barfield Bountree ViceChairman Bargeron Malone Secretary Bates Alexander Bennett Anderson Boone 127 Branch Hooks Brewton Hurst Bridges Johns Brunson Johnson of Pike Burton Johnston of Worth Clark Mankin Culpepper Mims Curry Moate Dallis Moore of Taliaferro Dorsett Norman Dukes Odom Dunn Padgett DuPree Pannell Dyal Park Easier Parker Edwards Peek Elliott Pruitt Fisher Riddlespurger Fussell Rowland Gaskins Sharpe Gaston Smith of Oglethorpe Gilbert Sparks Gillis Thigpen Hagan Thrash Hart of Quitman Wells of Telfair Hart of Thomas Welsch Hartness Woodruff Hogg Wright Holley Yawn PUBLIC LIBRARY Price Chairman Overby ViceChairman Hefner Secretary Allison Bentley Campbell of Polk Fisher Gardner Gray Greene of Schley Hart of Quitman Hatchett Hightower Mankin 128 Mims Moore of Baldwin Moore of Taliaferro Nicholson of Oconee Pettit Prnitt PUBLIC Kelly of Thomas Chairman Herndon ViceChairman Warnock Secreiry Alexander Broome Cheshire Dyal Greene of Schley PUBLIC Rountree Chairman Bynum ViceChairman Kendrick Secretary Allison Caldwell Connell Curry Dorsey Durden Gowen Howard PUBLIC Connell Chairman Reynolds ViceChairman Thigpen Secretary Adams Roughton Smith of Carroll Strickland Wells of Telfair Whipple Wilbanks of Habersham PRINTING Guyton Hagan Knabb Mills Padgett Roper Thigpen Wilbanks of Habersham PROPERTY Kelly of Walker Key McCracken Miller Moate Moore of Taliaferro Phillips Sharpe Smith of Muscogee Wells of Ben Hill UTILITIES Allison Baker Branch Broome 129 Bynum Campbell of Newton Clark Connell Cowart Culpepper Dorsey Drake Durden Elliott Ferguson Fortson Gaskins Gavin Gholston Goldberg Guerry Heard Hogg Jennings of Sumter Jennings of Terrell Kelly of Thomas Littlejohn Looper McCamy Mabry Mankin Martin Mason Mavity Miller Mims Mixon Moate Moore of Taliaferro Nicholson of Richmond Norman Peck Phillips Riddlespurger Russell Sharjpe Sills Smith of Muscogee Wilbanks of Habersham Williams of Gwinnett PUBLIC WELFARE Reid Chairman Wells of Telfair ViceChairman Weight Secretary Adams Bargeron Bates Bentley Bowen Brewton Bridges Campbell of Newton Dalton Dunn Gholston Gilbert Gowen Grayson Guerry Ferguson Hartness Hightower Hill of Clarke Hill of Troup Holley Hooks Hurst 130 Kendrick Roughton Knabb Sharpe Livingston Smith of Muscogee McNall Smith of Washington Minchew Sumner Mixon Thrash Overby Weaver Park Whipple Parker Willoughby Riley Woodruff RAILROADS Swint Chairman Jennings of Terrell Mabry ViceChairman J ohns Hart of Quitman Secretary McNall Bates Norman Cowart Overby Dalton Russell Foster Waller Goldberg Wells of Ben Hill Greene of Schley Welsch Heard Wilbanks of Habersham Herndon Hubert Williams of Gwinnett RULES The Speaker Chairman Connell Durden ViceChairman Curry Hand Secretary Daves Allison Dorsey Baker Drake Branch Ennis Burnside Fortson Caldwell Foster Cates Gavin Clark Gillis 131 Growen Minchew Grayson Phillips Hagan Powell Harden Roper Hill of Clarke Rossee Kendrick Sills ey Smith of Muscogee McCamy Thomas McCracken Turner Mason Weaver Miller Wells of Ben Hill SANITARIUM AT ALTO Sumner Chairman Hooks Gholston ViceChairman Johns Wilbanks of Habersham Secretary Johnston of Worth Alexander Joiner Bates Jones Battles Livingston Bowen McEntire Brewton McIntosh Burton Mabry Chance Malone Dalton Mankin Daves Medders Dorsett Mills Dukes Moore of Baldwin Easier Moore of Taliaferro Edwards Norman Ferguson Odum Giddens Ogburn Gilbert Oliver Gray Padgett Guerry Parker Hagan Rees Hart of Thomas Reid Hill of Clarke Roper Hogg Roughton 132 Rowland Russell Salter Smith of Oglethorpe Sparks Strickland Swint Thomas Thurmond Wells of Ben Hill Wilbanks of Habersham Woodruff Yawn SPECIAL APPROPRIATIONS Ennis Chairman Rees ViceChairman Padgett Secretary Adams Bennett Bentley Boone Brunson Burton DuPree Dyal Edwards Etheridge Fisher Gaston Giddens Goldberg Hart of Quitman Hart of Thomas Hartness Hightower Johnson of Pike Johnston of Worth Jones Malone Mankin Mixon Moore of Taliaferro Odum Oliver Overby Park Porter Price Riley Rowland Roughton Salter Sharpe Smith of Dougherty Smith of Washington Wells of Ben Hill Wilson Wright SPECIAL JUDICIARY Mims Chairman Alexander Bowen ViceChairman Broome Nicholson of Oconee Secretary Culpepper 133 Daves Odum Gholston Pannell Giddens Riddlespurger Hagan Smith of Muscogee Hartness Turner Hicks Wells of Telfair Hill of Clarke Wilson Horne Whipple Kendrick STATE PRISON FARM Oliver Chairman Hogg Williams of Harris ViceChairman Howard Looper Secretary Joiner Alwood Jones Anderson McEntire Bates Malone Battles Medders Bowen Mills Brewton Mims Bridges Mixon Broome Moate Brunson Nicholson of Oconee Burton Norman Cowart Overby Curry Padgett Dorsett Parker Easier Porter Edwards Reid Ferguson Riddlespurger Fussell Roughton Gavin Sharpe Gray Smith of Dougherty Greene of Schley Smith of Oglethorpe Hart of Thomas Sumner Heard Swint Holley Thompson Hooks Waller 134 Warnoek Wilbanks of Cherokee Williams of Coffee Woodruff Yawn STATE OF REPUBLIC McCracken Chairman Grayson Turner ViceChairman Hagan Nicholson of Richmond Secretary Hand Allison Hicks Baker Heard Branch Horne Broome Hurst Burnside Johnson of Chattahoo Campbell of Newton Kelly of Walker Cannon Kendrick Cates Key Connell Me Camy Crummey McNall Curry Mavity Daves M inchew Deal Mixon Drake Moore of Taliaferro Dunn Peck Durden Phillips Etheridge Powell Fortson Reid Foster Roper Gardner Rossee Gavin Smith of Dougherty Gilbert Smith of Muscogee Gillis Smith of Washington Gowen Thurmond Graham Wells of Ben Hill Greene of Jones Welsch Grayson Williams of Harris Hagan Wilson 135 TEMPERANCE Kelly of Walker Chairman Thomas ViceChairman Peck Secretary Alexander Baker Bargeron Brewton Cannon Clark Connell Copland Dorsey Drake Dunn Dnrden Ennis Ferguson Gardner Goldberg Gowen Grayson Greene of Jones Hand Hatchett Holley Jones Key Kendrick Knabb Littlejohn McCamy McNall Miller Mixon Mims Nicholson of Richmond Phillips Rountree Salter Smith of Dougherty Smith of Muscogee Smith of Oglethorpe Thrash Thurmond Turner Weaver Welsch Williams of Coffee TRAINING SCHOOLS Moore of Baldwin Chairman Greene of Jones ViceChairman Chance Secretary Anderson Burnside Campbell of Polk Connell Cowart DuPree Ennis Elliott Gaskins Gowen Guerry Hardy Hogg Holley Johnson of Pike Johnston of Worth Mason 136 Mankin Minchew Mitchell Moate Pettit Reid Reynolds Rossee Smith of Carroll Sumner Sparks Thrash Welsch Wells of Ben Hill Weaver UNIVERSITY SYSTEM OF GEORGIA Fortson Chairman Bates ViceChairman Hagan Secretary Alexander Bates Boynton Branch Brewton Broome Brunson Caldwell Connell Dallis Dalton Durden Ennis Fussell Gardner Gholston Gillis Gowen Grayson Guerry Hand Hardy Heard Hicks Hightower Hill of Clarke Horne Howard Hubert Hurst Jennings of Sumter Jennings of Terrell Kendrick Key McCamy McCracken Martin Maund Moore of Baldwin Nicholson of Oconee Nicholson of Richmond Overby Pirkle Powell Price Pruitt Ray Reid Rossee Rountree Sheppard Sills Smith of Carroll Sumner Swint Thrash Whipple 137 UNIFORM STATE LAWS Graham Chairman Guyton ViceChairman Hill of Clarke SecretaryBates Burnside Copland DuPree Dyal Ferguson Gardner Gaston Greene of Schley Hartness Hatchett Herndon Horne Mills Mims Odum Smith of Carroll Strickland Thigpen WAYS AND MEANS Burnside Chairman Grayson ViceChairman Smith of Dougherty Secretary Adams Alexander Baker Bargeron Bennett Brewton Broome Burton Bynum Caldwell Cannon Cheshire Clark Copland Cowart Crummey Culpepper Curry Dallis Dorsey Drake Dunn Durden Edwards Elliott Gavin Gholston Gillis Goldberg Gowen Greene of Jones Guerry Hagan Hatchett Hill of Clarke Hogg Holley J oiner Kendrick Key Littlejohn Looper Maund 138 Mavity Roper Medders Miller Mims Moore of Baldwin Ogburn Pannell Peck Pettit Powell Pruitt Reynolds Rowland Salter Sumner Swint Thomas Turner Waller Wells of Ben Hill Williams of Gwinnett Wilson WESTERN AND ATLANTIC RAILROAD Brew ton Chairman Martin ViceChairman Sheppard Secretary Anderson Baker Bowen Bargeron Boynton Cowart Crummey Curry Etheridge Foster Fussell Gray Hart of Quitman Hartness Heard Hefner Hicks Jennings of Terrell Jones of Grady Knabb Looper Martin Maund Mavity Medders Mims Minchew Moore of Taliaferro Oliver Overby Peck Pirkle Porter Price Pruitt Ray Rountree Russell Smiley Smith of Washington Thigpen Thomas Thompson Warnock Wilbanks of Cherokee Williams of Gwinnett Willoughby Woodruff 139 Rules of the House of Representatives ADOPTED FOR THE SESSIONS OF 19431944 THE SPEAKER Rule 1 The Speaker shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful Rule 2 In all cases of election by the House the Speaker shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the House be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division t the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the Speaker shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member Rule 3 When two or more members shall rise at the same time the Speaker shall name the person entitled to proceed Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House Rule 5 The method of stating a question or any motion by the Speaker after the same has been read to the House by the Clerk shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the Speaker or a division of the House is called for by any one member of the House the Speaker shall call upon the members in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their positions and the Speaker shall announce the result Discretion of Speaker When Speaker shall vote Right of member to the floor to be decided by the Speaker Appointment of Committees Methods of stating a question by Speaker 143 Speaker may name members to preside Rule 6 The Speaker may during a days sitting name any member to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer Duty of Clerk when Speaker is absent Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the Speaker shall be absent the Speaker pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Clerk of the House shall call the House to Order and shall preside until a Speaker pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the House The Speaker pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease Appeal from ruling of the Speaker Rule 8 Should any member of the House be dissatisfied with the ruling of the Speaker on any point he shall rise and respectfully address the Speaker and say I appeal from the decision of the Chair The Speaker will then state to the House the point ruled on and his decision on it and shall then put the question of appeal to the House as follows All in favor of the decision of the Chair standing as the sense of this House will say Aye Those opposed will say No and the decision of the House in sustaining or overruling the Speaker shall be final When no debate on appeals Rule 9 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate Appeals to be made at once Rule 10 All appeals from the decision of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made When members may address the House Rule 11 Where debate is permissible on appeals from the decision of the Chair any member after being recognized by the Speaker may address his remarks directly to the House 144 Rule 12 The Speaker shall have power to suspend ekret0 the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or fnate neglect of duty and when such suspension has been officers made he shall report the same to the House within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the House may see fit to take in the premises Rule 13 The Speaker shall have power to cause when the galleries and lobbies of the House cleared by the may order Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or and lobbies x a a Hfe cleared disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the House to be dealt with for contempt of the House Rule 14 When less than a quorum vote on any Noquorum subject under consideration by the House the Speaker duty of may order the bar of the House to be closed and the roll of members called by the Clerk and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the House and if any member present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the House Rule 15 The Speaker may at any time order the when roll called on any question and take the vote by may order yeas and nays where a division of the House dis by yeas closes the fact that a quorum of the House has not andnays voted Rule 16 All questions as to the priority of busi Dmsons on ness to be acted on shall be decided by the Speaker 0f priority without debate ON DECORUM AND DEBATE Rule 17 When any member is about to speak in Conductof debate or deliver any matter to the House he shall debate rise and respectfully address himself to Mr Speaker He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not 145 Time extended how Expulsion Exception to words spoken Proviso speak more than twice on any subject or more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken No member of the House shall occupy the floor longer than one 1 hour in debating any question unless otherwise ordered by the House any any motion to limit or extend the time of individual speeches shall be decided without debate No such motion shall prevail unless it shall receive the affirmative votes of twothirds of those voting Such motion may be made at any time that the movant thereof may legitimately obtain the floor If any member in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the House the Speaker shall call him to order in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The House shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the House be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offense shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the House by a twothirds vote of the members which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays and recorded on the Journal of the House Eule 18 If any member be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Clerk and read then admitted denied or explained by the member who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the House may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at any time the House is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main questions have been exhausted or until such further 146 tide as may then be ordered by the House But no member shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the House for words spoken in debate if any other member has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken Buie 19 The members of the House shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking member shall have taken his seat Buie 20 The members shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the place in which they may be or the county they represent Buie 21 No member shall address the House except as heretofore stated in case of appeals or interrogate a member who is speaking except through the Speaker and should the member speaking decline to be interrupted the Speaker shall cause the member desiring to interrogate to be silent Buie 22 Ho member shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is immediately and particularly interested In every case where the seat of a member is being contested the sitting member and the contestant shall both retire from the House before the vote is taken Buie 23 Any member may enter a protest in writing against the action of the House said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of sucb protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the House nor any member thereof and such protest shall be entered by the Clerk upon the Journal of the House Buie 24 No member shall converse with any one over the bar of the House 147 Silence Mode of designating members House how addressed Questions and interruptions Shall not vote when interested in result Protests Smoking and conversation prohibited Duty while member is speaking and at adjournment Matters transpiring in Senate Committees and private conversation not to be referred to Laudatory and disparaging remarks when forbidden Applause and hisses forbidden No debate during yeas and nays Only one motion can be made at a time Explanation Rule 25 No member shall be permitted to enter upon the floor of the House or remain thereon in an intoxicated condition and the Messenger and the Doorkeepers of the House are specially charged with the rigid enforcement of this rule Rule 26 No member shall pass between the Chair and a member while he is speaking nor shall any member at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the Speaker retires Rule 27 No member shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another member or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the Senate Rule 28 In nominating candidates for any office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged Rule 29 Applause or hisses in the Representative chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed Rule 30 During the calling or reading of yeas and nays on any question no debate shall be had Rule 31 No member can make more than one motion at a time and while the motion is being put to the House he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the Speaker Rule 32 On all questions except such as are not debatable any member on the call of the ayes and nays shall as a matter of right be allowed three minutes in which to explain his vote Where the vote on any question is not taken by ayes and nays no member shall be allowed to explain except by unanimous consent of the House No motion shall 148 be entertained to vary this rule nor to extend a members time for explaining Eule 33 When the reading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any member it shall be determined by a vote of the House and this motion shall be decided without debate Eule 34 Every member within the hall when a question is put shall vote unless he is immediately and particularly interested therein or the House shall excuse him A motion to excuse a member from voting must be made before the House divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decidd without debate except that the member making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail Eule 35 Ho member shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then make any motion the effect of which is to cut off debate without relinquishing the floor DIVISION OF A QUESTION Eule 36 Any member may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it Eule 37 The member calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by themselves and be consistent and entire Eule 38 A qualifying paragraph an exception or a proviso if taken from that to which it belongs would not contain a distinct or entire proposition Eule 39 A motion to strike out and insert is an indivisible proposition Reading of papers When members shall vote Motion to excuse when made Excuses from voting Call for a division Division how made Qualifying paragraph exception and provision Strike out and insert not divisible 149 Call of counties Bills and resolutions called in order Proviso BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Rule 40 The Clerk shall on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call the counties for the introduction of new matter beginning alternately at the first and last of the alphabet Provided that no member shall introduce more than one bill of a general nature on any day except companion bills and provided further no bill providing for an appropriation of money shall be introduced during the last thirty days of a regular session except by consent of twothirds of the House which twothirds shall be equal to a majority of all of the members elected to the House The question of the introduction of such bill shall be debatable for ten minutes five minutes by the author or other member designated by him and five minutes by member or members opposing such introduction S Rule 41 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the numerical order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Clerk shall distinctly state its number and the name of the member by whom introduced provided that House and Senate bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up for a second reading except by request of the authors of such bill or resolution or some member of the House provided that the General Tax Bill and the General Appropriation Bill shall take precedence on third reading over all other matters even Special Orders until the said Bills shall have been finally disposed of In order that the proper numerical order may be accurately and fairly determined as between bills and resolutions it shall be the duty of the Clerk to place on each bill and resolution as same is read the first time a number following the numerical order in which said bills and resolutions are read the first time adopting one series of numbers 150 and the same series of numbers for both bills and resolutions and not a separate series of numbers as heretofore practiced Eule 42 Every motion to suspend the rules for the purpose of taking up bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion to make special orders shall be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Eules before being submitted to the House Eule 43 The Speaker shall not recognize any Effect of i P i p i unanimoi member at any time tor the purpose o asking nnan consent imous consent for the introduction of new matter nor to read any bill or resolution the second time or any local bill or resolution a third time or to put any local bill or resolution upon its passage or to recommit a bill or resolution or to withdraw from one committee and recommit to another a bill or resolution except during the first thirty minutes after the confirmation of the Journal or after the reading of the Journal has been dispensed with The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to put any general bill or resolution upon its passage or to read such bill or resolution second time and recommit The Speaker shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any time The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to make a special order or to change the order of business except that by unanimous consent an order of business may be fixed for the period of Unanimous Consents The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to cast his vote on any motion resolution amend 151 Suspension of rules No debate ment bill or other question nor shall any member be permitted to cast his vote on any motion resolution amendment bill or other question until the question is put to the House by the Speaker on viva voce vote or division of the House or until after the roll call has begun The Speaker shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any one time Rule 44 The rules of this House known as Constitutional rules shall in no case be suspended all other rules shall in no case be suspended nor changed nor the order of business be changed except by a vote of twothirds of the members voting Provided however that in order to so change or suspend the rules or change the order of business said twothirds so voting in favor of said change or suspension shall constitute a majority of the members of the whole House Rule 45 No suspension of change or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition or suspension of be first referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the House Provided however that immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day following the introduction in the House of the proposed change or addition to these rules the Committee on Rules shall report the same back to the House A failure to so report such proposed change or addition to these rules for two days shall automatically bring said proposed change or addition before the House for consideration Rule 46 Any motion to suspend rules or change the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate Provided however that whenever a report from the Committee on Rules is submitted to the House the questions arising on said report shall be debatable until the report of the Corn 152 mittee is agreed to or disagreed to or the main question is ordered There shall be no debate however on the report of the Committee on Rules during the last fourteen days of the session Rule 47 It shall be in order to introduce bills or other matter upon the call of the counties without any previous notice having been given for that purpose Rule 48 No debate shall be admitted upon any Bill at the first reading Upon the introduction of any Bill or Resolution or other matter requiring reference to a Committee the Speaker shall as a matter of course and without debate commit the same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the House No bill or resolution shall be engrossed except upon the affirmative vote of twothirds of the members present No member shall be recognized at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to engross a bill or resolution When a motion to engross is made which motion may be made upon reading the bill the first time and at no other time no debate shall be permitted except that the movant may speak to his motion not longer than five minutes and any one other member of the House may speak in opposition thereto for five minutes In case of engrossment of any bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Clerk and the Bill or other matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed In cases where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question Where the report of av committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee Bills etc when introduced No debate on first reading Effect of favorable report of committee 153 Bills when withdrawn Adverse report of committee Tranmission to Senate majority vote Bills when printed If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall he lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading mil ess recommitted Any hill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the House When motion is made to refer a bill or resolution to a committee other than the one to which it is referred by the Speaker even though instructions be added no debate shall be permitted except that movant may speak to his motion not longer than five minutes and any one other member of the House may speak in opposition thereto for five minutes No debate shall be permitted unless instructions are added All resolutions providing for appointment of committees of inquiry or investigation and any and all other resolutions not privileged except motions for information from the Executive Department and any other Department of the State Government shall he referred by the Speaker to the appropriate committee unless by order of the House referred to some other committee Rule 49 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the Senate on the day of the passage thereof unless twothirds of the members present shall so order Rule 50 No hill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the House by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the House agreeing thereto No request for unanimous consent or motion to print a bill shall be made except immediately following the thirty minute period of Unanimous Consents No debate shall be permitted on such a motion except that the movant may speak to his motion not longer than three minutes and any one other member of the House may speak in opposition thereto 154 for three minutes provided however that when a bill is actually before the House for consideration such request for unanimous consent or a motion to print may be made but the motion to print shall not take precedence of any other motion permitted under Rule Ho 55 The motion to print may be made after the motion to table or the motion to postpone to a time certain shall have prevailed The debate on such motion shall be limited as above set forth Rule 51 All proceedings touching the appropriating of money shall be considered in the Committee of the Whole House Rule 52 All bills and resolutions shall be in writing and shall have the name of the member introducing the same as well as the county he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same Rule 53 Where a bill or resolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee reportshall be acted on by the House and in all cases the report of the Committee of the Whole House shall be first acted on by the House Rule 54 The Committee on Rules during the last twentyone days of each session shall arrange a calendar for each days business and such calendar shall be a standing and continuing Special Order during said period and no matter shall be taken up or acted on otherwise than in the order fixed by such calendar except by a vote of a majority of all of the members elected to the House During the period of operation under this rule the calendar or order of business fixed by committee on rules shall be read by the clerk immediately after Confirmation of the Journal of Committee of the Whole House See Rule 107 et al Bills and Resolutions to be in writing How indorsed Reports of committees order of action 155 Order of precedence Not debatable when may be renewed each morning session and immediately after Call of the Roll of each afternoon session and any motion to amend such report either by striking inserting or changing the order shall be made within the first thirty minutes after the reading of such report After the reading of such report and announcement by the Speaker that it is in order for such motions to be made and no such motions being made the House shall proceed to business under the calendar so fixed after which no such motion shall be made during that session No such motion to amend the report of the Committee on Rules shall be debatable during the period of operation under this Rule PRECEDENCE OE MOTIONS Rule 55 When any subject is before the House for consiedration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following towit 1st Motion to adjourn 2nd A motion to lay on table 3rd A motion for the previous question 4th A motion to adjourn to a time definite 5th A motion to postpone indefinitely 6th A motion to postpone to a day certain 7th A motion to commit 8th A motion to amend 9th A motion to print Which said motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand as above arranged MOTION TO ADJOURN Rule 56 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time nntil further progress has been made in the business before the House A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended 156 Rule 57 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the House is not actually engaged in other business is debatable Rule 58 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time when the member moving it can legitimately obtain the floor Rule 59 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Clerk has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced but in such cases the rolicall shall be completed the vote counted and the result finally announced before a motion to adjourn shall be in order Rule 60 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the House to the next sitting day or time in course Rule 61 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a priorresolution shall arrive while the vote of the House is being taken by yeas and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the House is acting on the main question jrfter the main question has been ordered and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the House shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution When made debatable When not in order Effect of adjournment Hour of adjournment What business postponed 157 Amendment or substitute cannot be laid on table How matters may be taken from table Effect of vote to table Effect of vote to take from table No motion to table in order until rollcall is completed When renewed Not debatable or amendable MOTIONS TO LAY ON TABLE Buie 62 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on the table shall be in order Rule 63 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the House is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken up the same is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar Rule 64 If the motion to lay on the table prevails it removes from the consideration of the House the measure together with all the motions attached to it at the time it is so disposed of Rule 65 When the proposition is again taken from the table it stands before the House in the exact form with all the motions pertaining to it just as it did at the time the motion to lay on the table prevailed Rule 66 After a yea and nay vote is called on any bill or resolution the House not acting at the time under the previous question jp and one vote has been recorded no motion to table shall he in order until the rollcall shall have been completed When any bill or resolution is tabled after the completion of the rollcall and then taken from the table nothing can be done except to announce the result of said vote as shown by said rollcall at the time said bill or resolution was tabled Rule 67 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened betwen the votes Rule 68 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable 158 Rule 69 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again Rule 70 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted on the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in ordef THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION Rule 71 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except a motionto adjourn or to lay on the table but neither of said motions shall be made but once until after the previous question has been exhausted and when it is moved the question shall be Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority of a quorum in th affirmative and the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum all other motions except one to reconsider the action in ordering the main question will be out of order and the House cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives But no motion to reconsider the action of the House in ordering the main question shall be in order after the Clerk has called the first name on call of the ayes and nays and the vote of any member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on the vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced in such cases the roll call shall be completed the vote counted and the result finally announced Rule 72 When the previous question has been ordered the House shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the What can be tabled When in order Effect of previous question Twenty minutes debate allowed 159 Vote how taken Effect of main question being ordered Contested Election How Called and Ordered main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the hill or other measure may yield the floor to such members as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule This rule shall not he construed to allow the twenty minutes above referred to to he used but once on any bill or measure and then on the final passage of the hill or measure Rule 73 After the main question is ordered any member may call for a division of the House in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays if the call for the yeas and nays is sustained by onefifth of the members voting the vote shall be taken by the yeas and nays and so entered on the Journal Rule 74 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the House to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved Rule 75 In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any question if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes alldwed to the member whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report Rule 76 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection 160 Rule 77 A call of the House shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the Speaker that a quorum is not present x Rule 78 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE Rule 79 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session Rule 80 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended Rule 81 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule Rule 82 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has been voted down MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN Rule 83 The motion to postpone a bill resolution or other measure to a day certain when decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum removes the subject from before the House until the time designated and makes it a privileged question for that day so selected Call of the House when in order Question of order Effect Not amendable When cannot be applied Not renewed 161 Effect of negative vote May be amended To a day beyond the session Debate when and how allowed Motion how applied Motion to commit Precedence of Rule 84 If the motion to postpone a bill a resolution or other measure is decided in the negative it leaves the question before the House as it was before the motion was made and it cannot be moved a second time on same day ot at the same stage of the proceeding Rule 85 This motion to postpone to a day certain may be amended by substituting one day for another In this case the time would be treated as a blank and the Speaker should treat these propositions as he would those to fill blanks Rule 86 If a day designated is known to be beyond the session the Speaker shall treat the motion as though it had been a motion to indefinitely postpone the subject Rule 87 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone andto show why one day is preferred to another It shall be the duty of the Speaker to hold members rigidly to these points Rule 88 This motion cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but must be applied to the whole bill resolution or other measure before the House and when it prevails it carries forward the whole proposition and its appendages to the day named MOTIONS TO COMMIT Rule 89 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee or committee of the whole House Rule 90 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit 162 to a special committee and shall be first voted on but where a motion is made that a bill resolution or other measure be committed to the committee of the whole House this motion shall be put before either of the above named motions Rule 91 On a motion simply to commit no debate when deshall be allowed but where instructions are added batablethe merits of the question can be debated Rule 92 A motion to commit may be amended by How adding instructions or by substituting another com amendedmittee for the one named by the member making the motion Rule 93 Any proposition that has been referred Motion to to any committee either standing or special may on recommitmotion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum MOTIONS TO AMEND Rule 94 There are three ways in which a propo Amendsition may be amended towit Sade hw 1st By inserting or adding words 2d By striking out words 3d By striking out and inserting words An amendment is itself subject to be amended m all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Rule 95 A substitute is simply an amendment Substitute it is in effect a motion to strike out all after the enacting clause of a bill or the word Resolved in a resolution and insert that offered as a substitute 163 Bill first perfected then the substitute When too late to amend Must be in writing Priority Blanks Caption when amended Amending by sections Rule 96 When a bill or resolution is before the House for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall he offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the House to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it he amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall he Shall this hill pass or resolution be adopted as the ease may be by substitute Rule 97 An amendment cannot he offered after the report of the committee to which was referred the hill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the House unless said action of the House in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Rule 98 All motions to amend any matter before the House must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the hill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added Rule 99 On all questions whether in committee or in the House the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put Rule 100 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend Rule 101 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution shall not he considered or amended until the measure has been perfected Rule 102 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and 164 the House shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Clerk in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution aird the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Clerk without any motion being made in the House and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur and amend it Rule 103 Ho motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment Rule 104 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Clerk shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended Rule 105 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a part of a bill or resolution any amendment offered to perfect the part proposed tn be stricken shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out Rule 106 When any bill or resolution which originated in the House has been amended in the Senate and is before the House for action on the Senate amendment an amendment may be offered in the House to the Senate amendment but the House amendment to the Senate amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down Rule 107 A motion to amend an amendment made by the Senate to the House bill or resolution takes precedence over a motion to agree to disagree to said amendment Amendments by striking out and inserting Priority of amendment to perfect Amending Senate Amendments See Bule 126 Priority 165 Priority of Rule 108 The questions which arise before the Sir n House respecting amendments by the Senate to a House amendments resolution are 1st A motion to agree to the Senateamendment 2d A motion to disagree to the Senate amendment 3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment 4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment 5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment They take precedence in the above order The Speaker is authorized on his own motion or upon point or order being made when in his opinion a Senate Amendment to a House Bill is not germane or if adopted would render the bill unconstitutional to rule out such amendment the effect of which ruling of the Speaker if not appealed from or if appealed from and the appeal not sustained shall be the same as a vote of the House to disagree and as such the Clerk shall report it to the Senate Such Joint of order shall take precedence over a motion to agree Provided that when any question of disagreement with the Senate arises the following motions shall be in order at any time the movant can legally obtain the floor and debate thereon limited as in the case of reconsideration 1st a motion to insist upon the House position 2nd a motion to recede from the House position which motions shall be put in the order listed subject to disposition by the House of any amendmeilts or substitutes affecting the matter in disagreement Majority Rule 108A In order to adopt a Senate AmendadopTsenate ment to a House bill or resolution and in order to ormConfrence adopt a report of a conference committee the said Committee amendment or conference committee report must Report auicuuimxiu receive a majority vote of the entire membership 166 elected to the House of Representatives Any rule contravening the letter or spirit of this Rule is hereby repealed RECONSIDERATION Rule 109 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any member whether said member previously voted in the affirmative or negative on the matter sought to be reconsidered to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter as has been previously reconsidered provided such member shall notify the House of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed Provided further that the action of the House on Senate amendments shall be in order for reconsideration immediately and not otherwise Rule 110 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made Rule 111 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once Rule 112 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the order of unanimous consent on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action Rule 113 The action of the House upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates Rule 114 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third reading COMMITTEE ON THE WHOLE HOUSE Rule 115 The Speaker may resolve the House into a Committee of the Whole without a motion being Motion to reconsider Shall not be withdrawn when When there may be one reconsideration When in order Amendments when reconsidered Place of calendar When ordered by Speaker 167 See Rule 44 When ordered by the House How formed made therefor whenever a bill or resolution shall be in order for consideration on its third reading before the House which is required by the rules of this House to he considered in the Committee of the Whole Rule 116 The House may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on motion of a member made for that purpose provided however that notice of intention to make such motion shall be given during the session of the preceding day individual speeches on such motion being limited to three minutes If such notice shall not have been given the motion shall prevail if it shall receive the affirmative votes of twothirds of those voting and which twothird shall also constitute a majority of all of the members elected to the House and provided further whenever the House either by its own vote or by unanimous consent shall commit any bill or resolution to Committee of the Whole House and subsequently a motion shall be made to resolve the House into Committee of the Whole to consider such hill or resolution and such motion shall be lost the said motion shall not be again renewed but it shall be the duty of the Speaker to require the Clerk to read the bill or resolution again on the following days session under the order of Introduction of New Matter or Reading of Bills the First Time and to refer such bill or resolution to the appropriate committee unless otherwise ordered by the House provided however that for the consideration of the General Tax Bill and General Appropriation Bill the House may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on motion of a member made for that purpose and no previous notice shall be necessary Rule 117 In forming a Committee of the Whole House the Speaker shall leave the chair and a Chair 168 man to preside in committee shall be appointed by the Speaker Kule 118 In the Committee of the Whole bills shall be first read throughout by the Clerk and then again be read or debated by clauses or sections leaving the preamble to be last considered unless otherwise ordered Rule 119 The Rules of the House shall be observed by the Committee of the Whole so far as they may be applicable except that it can not refer a matter to any other committee it can not adjourn the previous question can not be enforced a motion to lay on the table or indefinitely postpone shall not be in order a member may speak as often as he may obtain the floor no call of the House shall be in order nor shall any vote be taken by yeas and nays Rule 120 If at any time in the Committee of the Whole it shall be desired to close the debate or to limit the time to be allowed members for speaking the committee may rise and report its desire to the House and the House shall take such action thereon as it may see fit by a resolution agreed for that purpose said resolution shall apply only to the subjectmatter before said committee and when said resolution has been agreed to or refused by the House the action of the House shall be deemed the sense of the committee and the House may then on motion again resolve itself into Committee of the Whole and continue the consideration of the subject Rule 121 In the event that a Committee of the Whole House at any sitting shall for want of time fail to complete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time in the committee made rise report progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain Rule 122 A motion that the committee rise and report progress and ask leave to sit again can be made at any time when the mover thereof can legiti Proceedings Rule in committee Debate how closed Time of how extended Motion to rise etc 169 Reconsid eration Duty of Chairman when no quorum is present All members shall vote unless excused Amendments Disorderly conduct reported Chairman may order galleries cleared mately obtain the floor and shall take precedence over all other motions and shall be decided without debate and when it prevails the committee shall immediately rise and when the regular hour for adjournment of the House arrives the committee shall automatically rise and the Speaker shall assume the Chair Rule 123 A motion to reconsider shall be in order in Committee of the Whole Rule 124 The Committee of the Whole shall not proceed with the business before it whenever a vote on any question shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum is not present the Chairman of the committee shall satisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the committee and report the same to the committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of the absence of a quorum to the House Rule 125 The Speaker may in Committee of the Whole take part in the proceedings and he as well as all other members shall vote on all questions before the committee unless excused therefrom and no pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed in the Committee of the Whole Rule 126 Amendments proposed by the Committee of the Whole may he amended or rejected by the House and matters stricken out by the committee may be restored by the House Rule 127 A Committee of the Whole House can not punish disorderly conduct of its members but must report the same to the House for action thereon Rule 128 The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole shall have power to have the galleries or lobbies cleared in case of any disorderly conduct therein 170 Eule 129 When the Committee of the Whole have disposed pf the bill resolutions or other measures before it by motion and question it shall rise and the Chairman will be instructed to report the action of the Committee to the House At this point the Speaker will resume his seat and the Chairman will return to the floor and will state in substance as follows Mr Speaker the Committee of the Whole House have had under consideration naming what and have instructed me as their Chairman to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that the same do pass or do pass as amended or do not pass as the case may be The Speaker will receive this report and repeat the same and the matter will then be before the House for action just as though reported by any other Committee Eule 130 The proceedings of the Committee of the Whole shall not be recorded in the Journal of the House except so far as reported to the House by the Chairman of said committee Eule 131 When in the Committee of the Whole any papers in the possession of the House may be called for by any member and read by the Clerk for the information of the committee unless the committee shall otherwise order Eule 132 Amendments offered to an amendment in the Committee of the Whole shall not he reported to the House hut the report shall contain only the result of the committees action on the bill resolution or measure under consideration before it ABSENTEES Eule 133 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the House ana also the reading of the Journal shall not be dispensed with except by a vote of twothirds of the members present The motion to dispense with the roll call and to dispense with the reading of the Journal shall be decided without debate Proceedings of when business before it is finished Record Papers may be called for Report shall contain result of committees action Morning rollcall dispensed with by twothirds vote 171 Names of absentees noted Duty of Auditing Committee Excuses of members Power to compel attendance Rule 134 Upon the call of all the members ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal And it shall be the duty of the Clerk to keep a separate list of the absentees from each days proceedings which list shall be entered upon the Journal and shall show which of said absentees are absent without leave and of those absent with leave which are absent for providential causes and which for business reasons which said separate list shall be read in the House with the Journal upon which the same is entered The Clerk shall also keep in a book accessible to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave the names of all such absentees noting such as are absent without leave and the member so absent without leave unless excused by the House are so absent It shall be the duty of the Committee on Auditing to inquire into the matter before passing upon any members account Excuses of members absent without leave shall be submitted to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave and the recommendation of some member of said committee shall be necessary to have said excuse allowed by the House COMPELLING ATTENDANCE Rule 135 The power to compel the attendance of members in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall be allowed to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House 172 The Messenger of the House shall be exofficio SergeantatArms of the House and on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them before the House when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid CALL OF THE HOUSE Rule 136 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present or when the Speaker shall officially state the fact to the House it shall he in order for any member to make a motion for a call of the House and when this motion is made the Speaker shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the House prevail and if fifteen of the membrs present shall vote in the affirmative the Speaker shall order the Clerk to call the roll of members and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the members present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by the officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the House shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged Rule 137 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4 Rule 138 Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and Sergeant atarms What is a quorum Compelling attendance Oath of members 173 Majority required to pass bill Yeas and nays order by onefifth of members Bill or resolutions appropriating money must pass by yeas and nays Constitutional twothirds vote taken by yeas and nays Beading of bills on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment he most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7 Rule 139 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14 Rule 140 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6 Rule 141 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12 Rule 142 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall he entered on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21 Rule 143 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection The first and second reading of local bills shall be by titles only The third reading of local bills must be full and complete Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5 174 Rule 144 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives hut the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10 Rule 145 No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8 Rule 146 No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17 Rule 147 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provisions have been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1 Rule 148 The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change election precincts nor establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such power shall be exercised by the courts Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18 Revenue bills One subject matter etc An amendmen to laws and sections of Code General laws how varied Consent and when required Corpora tions Power delegated to courts 175 Relief of recognizance What the general appropriation bill shall contain Other appropriations by separate bills Adjourn ments Elections Rejected bills again considered by a twothirds vote Buie 149 The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer Buie 150 The General Appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriation fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government paying of the public debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9 Buie 151 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them Art 3 Sec 7 Par 24 Buie 152 All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Bepresentatives When the Senate and House of Bepresentatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Bepresentative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1 Buie 153 No bill or ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any 176 other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13 Rule 154 The General Assembly shall meet on the second Monday in January 1933 and biennially thereafter on the same date until the day shall be changed by law Such session shall continue no longer than ten 10 days The General Assembly shall reconvene in regular session on the second Monday after the 4th of July 1933 and biennially thereafter on the same date until the date shall be changed by law No such regular session shall continue longer than sixty 60 days For complete description of Article see page 222 herein Art 3 Sec 4 Par 3 Rule 155 Each House shall be the judge of th election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have the power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine or imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1 Rule 156 No provision of this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly Art 2 Sec 7 Par 23 Rule 157 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sundays excepted after it has been January session limited to ten days Regular Session limited to sixty days Elections disorderly conduct Expulsion by twothirds vote Signature of Governor when required Governors veto Effect of twothirds vote thereon When Governor must approve Twothirds vote required Twothirds vote required on amendments to Constitution presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16 Rule 158 Every note resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be passed by twothirds of each House Art 5 Sec 1 Par 17 Rule 159 No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly Art 11 Sec 1 Par 4 Rule 160 Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon and the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional Districts for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall provide for submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at the said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amend 178 ments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1 Eule 161 No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change the Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on the population as near as practicable Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2 Eule 162 The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries not to exceed four thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Court shall have salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect those now in office The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such changes shall affect the officers then in commission Art 6 Sec 13 Pars 1 and 2 Twothirds vote required to call a convention How called Salaries of Judges May be changed by a twothirds vote 179 Evidence of notice of local and special bills must be submitted before passage of same Messages Messages when received and considered Petitions Motions Rule 168 No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16 MISCELLANEOUS RULES Rule 164 When a message shall be sent to the House of Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the chair by the person through whom it may be sent Rule 165 Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce is being taken A message shall be presented to the House by the Speaker when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the House is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the House Rule 166 It shall be the order of the day every Wednesday to take up and decide on reports of Committees on Petitions and all Petitions shall be numbered as they are received and taken up and disposed of in the order they were received unless otherwise ordered by a majority of a quorum Rule 167 After a motibn is stated by the Speaker or read by the Clerk it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before the decision by the unanimous consent of the House 180 Buie 168 Any member presenting a petition mmorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memoralist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading Rule 169 The several standing committees of the House shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise The report of the Committee on Rules is in order at any time when the House is not actually engaged in other business Rule 170 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath for the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue in office until another be elected Rule 171 The Clerk shall take special care of the books provided for the use of the House Rule 172 The Committee on Enrollment shall carefully compare enrolled bills and resolutions and correcting any errors that may be discovered in the enrolled bills or other papers make their report forthwith to their respective Houses Rule 173 Verification of a roll call vote can be dispensed with only by unanimous consent the Speaker shall not entertain a motion to that effect Rule 174 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting Rule 175 When a motion is made by any member it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the House Rule 176 After the announcement of the stand ing committee no other members shall be placed thereon except when members have been elected to Petitions memorials etc Committees Clerk Clerk Duties of Committee on Enrollment Motions not privileged Not necessary to second motion Committees how and when engaged 181 Privileges on the floor Privileges of the floor Duty of Committee on Journals Members to receipt Clerk for books and papers fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the Speaker may assign said members to snch committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships Rule 177 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the House except the members and officers thereof the officers and members of the Senate the Governor of the State and the heads of the officers of the Executive Department Members of Congress from Georgia State House officers and members of the press actively reporting Legislative proceedings exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral in actual commission expresiding officers of the House and Senate Judges and DistrictAttorneys of the United States Courts and such others as the House may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on the Privileges of the Floor The report of the Committee on Privileges of the Floor may be made at any time the chairman of the committee is recognized by the Speaker Privileges of the floor and use of the press table shall be extended only to those representatives of the press bearing proper credentials from recognized newspapers of general circulation and telegraphic press associations provided that no person shall be admitted on the floor of the House who is engaged in lobbying or in attempting to influence legislation Rule 178 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the House that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Clerk Rule 179 No member shall take any books or papers from the possession of the House or Clerk without first acquainting the Clerk and giving him a receipt to return the same in a reasonable time or on his demand 182 Rule 180 The House shall Convene at 10 a m Adjournment Sundays excepted unless otherwise ordered by the House an meetmg The hour of adjournment to be fixed by a majority of said House on motion without debate Rule 181 A motion for the call of the yeas and Motion for nays shall be decided without debate nlysnot debatable Rule 182 All Acts and joint resolutions shall be osaklr signed by the Speaker and Clerk and all writs war and Clerkrants and subpoenas issued by order of the House shall be signed by the Speaker and attested by the Clerk Rule 183 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to Dutyof attend to the wants of the House while in session e ger to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the Speaker to execute the demands of the House from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the Speaker Rule 184 The Messenger under the direction of Messengers the Clerk shall superintend the distribution by the Knng8 Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed ftccuments to the members he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them Rule 185 Ho Committee of the Whole or other interiineacommittee shall deface or interline a bill resolution fidenr or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendment ypcommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendment relates Rule 186 Ho pairing of members shall be recog Pairingnized or allowed as an excuse for not voting Rule 187 Whenever any member moves that mittee Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of ferencethe two Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the Speaker 183 Authority of Conference Committees Amend ments Majority and minority reports shall appoint a committee on the part of the House and in such case the committee shall consist of only such members as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the House and if by inadvertence any member be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the House and he excused by the Speaker Eule 187a No conference committee appointed by the House or under its authority shall be authorized to agree to any proposal whereby matter new and different from the action of the House and Senate is recommended All conference committees on the part of the House shall be limited in authority to composing the difference between House and Senate on the measure that is referred to said conference committee and any report from any conference committee which exceeds the authority as outlined here shall be out of order and theSpeaker shall so declare and upon his failure to do so at the suggestion of any member the question shall be submitted to the House as to whether the conference committee has exceeded its authority If upon vote it is determined that said action is in excess of the authority of said committee the committee shall be automatically discharged and the report disregarded All rules contravening the letter or spirit of this rule in so far as this rule is affected are to be disregarded Eule 188 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the Hpuse it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the House hut the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment Eule 189 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent 184 Rule 190 Every moti6n for information from the Executive Department or any other Department of the State Government shall lie on the table one day and on the following day such motion shall be deemed privileged and shall be in order for immediate consideration at the request of the author or any other member of the House Rule 191 On the call of the yeas and nays the Clerk shall read the names of the members after they have been called and no member shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question Rule 192 Questions of privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the House collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of members individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence over all other questions except a motion to adjourn Provided that when any matter is before the House no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question shall be disposed of Rule 193 In all elections a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice Rule 194 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies Rule 195 The Auditing Committee shall before auditing the account of any member for expenses of a committeeman or any account prescribed by a member for any expense incurred in discharge of any duty as a member of this House require of such an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item of said account What motions lie on table Changing votes Questions of privilege Proviso 185 ORDER OE BUSINESS Rule 196 The following shall be the order of business 1 Scripture Reading and Prayer by the Chaplain 2 Call of the Roll 3 Report of the committee on the Journal 4 Reading of the Journal 5 Confirmation of the Journal 6 Unanimous consents 7 Motions to reconsider 8 Reports of standing committees 9 House hills favorably reported for a second reading 10 Unfinished business of previous session 11 Orders of the day 12 On Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call of the counties for the introduction of new matter On Mondays and Wednesdays third reading of Senate bills and resolutions 13 House bills and resolutions for third reading and House bills and resolutions with Senate amendments 14 On Tuesdays House bills on the calendar adversely reported for a second reading 15 On Mondays and Fridays immediately after the call of the counties Senate bills for first and second reading shallbe in order 186 16 On Wednesdays immediately after the call of the counties all petitions and reports of committees on petitions shall be in order 17 Bills of Senate for third reading 18 Senate resolutions 19 Report of committees on enrollment may be made at any time 20 After the regular order of business for each day shall have been exhausted House Bills for first and second reading and Senate Bills for first and second reading respectively shall be in order Unless otherwise ordered by the House no general bills or resolutions shall be in order for a third reading or for reconsideration at Saturdays session General bills or resolutions otherwise in order for reconsideration on Saturday shall stand over until the following Monday Rule 197 No committee of the House shall consist of more than twentyfive members This rule however shall not apply to the following committees Amendments to the Constitution No 1 Amendments to Constitution No 2 Appropriations Commerce Counties and County Matters Education No 1 Education No 2 Georgia State Sanitarium General Agriculture No 1 General Agriculture No 2 General Judiciary No 1 General Judiciary No 2 Historical Research Legislative and Congressional Reapportionment Motor Vehicles Municipal Government Penitentiary Public Highways No 1 Public Highways No 2 Public Utilities State Prison Farm University System of Georgia Ways and Means Western and Atlantic Railroad 187 COMMITTEES Buie 198 The Speaker shall appoint the follow committees Academy for the Blind Amendments to the Constitution No One Amendments to the Constitution No Two Appropriations Auditing Aviation Banks and Banking Commerce Conservation Corporations Counties and County Matters Drainage Education No One Education No Two Engrossing Enrollmnt Excuspof Members Absent without Leave Oame and Eish General Agriculture No One General Agriculture No Two General Judiciary No One General Judiciary No Two Georgia School for the Deaf Georgia State Sanitarium Halls and Booms Historical Besearch Hygiene and Sanitation Industrial Belations Insurance Invalid Pensions and Soldiers Home 188 J ournals Legislative and Congressional Reapportion mm L Manufactures Military Affairs Mines and Mining Motor Vehicles Municipal Government Penitentiary Pensions Privileges and Elections Privileges of the Floor Public Highways Ho One Public Highways Ho Two Public Library Public Printing Public Property Public Utilities Public Welfare Railroads Rules Sanitarium at Alto Special Appropriations Special Judiciary State of Republic State Prison Farm Temperance Training Schools Uniform State Laws University System of Georgia Ways and Means Western and Atlantic Railroad The Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Coir mittee on Appropriations shall be exofficio membej 189 of the Committee on Ways and Means and the Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Ways and Means shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations Rule 199 Whenever any bill or resolution has been referred to a committee and the same has been held in the custody or control of such committee for ten days without reporting on same the author of such bill or any member of the House shall have the right immediately after the confirmation of the Journal to give notice that on the next regular meeting of the House he will submit a motion instructing such committee to report such bill back to the House after which on the next regular meeting day of the House any member of the House immediately after the confirmation of the Journal may move to instruct such committee to report such bill or rsolution back to the House and if the motion prevails it shall be the duty of such committee to report such bill or resolution accordingly with or without recommendation as the case may be at the next regular session and upon failure of said Committee to report such bill accordingly the same shall automatically be returned to the House for consideration Debate on said motion to instruct such committee to report such bill or resolution back to the House shall be limited to twenty minutes unless otherwise ordered by the House and when such bill or resolution is so reported or returned to the House it may he referred or committed as other bills or resolutions Provided that any motion or resolution to set a special order or to change the order of business for any particular day which has been referred to the Committee on Rules may be held in the custody and control of such committee only three days instead of ten days under this rule It shall be the duty of the committee to which any measure providing for an appropriation is referred to report such bill or measure back to the House at least fifteen days prior to the last day of 190 the session regardless of any such notice or motion by the author or any other member Rule 200 In drawing for seats all members except those who have been permitted by the House to select seats without drawing shall retire to the rear of the Hall The names of all counties printed on separate slips of paper shall be deposited in a box and the box placed on the Clerks desk The names of the counties shall be drawn separately from the box and announced by the Clerk from his desk When the name of a county is announced the member or members from that county shall come forward to the Clerks desk and secure a desk card with name and county printed thereon and then proceed to select his seat All desks shall be arranged in their proper position on the floor of the House and no desk shall be moved or changed The Speaker shall have the right to reserve seats for the chairmen of the committees on Appropriations and Ways and Means and for the vicechairman of Committee on Rules before the dawing for seats INDEX TO STANDING RULES OF Georgia House of Representatives ABSENTEES Rule No Auditing Committee duty as tojgSl v 134 Clerks duty as to 134 Roll call dispensed with when 133 ADJOURN MOTION TO Committee of whole not in order in 119 Definite time debatable whenJL 57 Effect when motion prevails 60 Motion not debatable56180 Motion not amendable g 56 Motion when in order 58 Motion when not in order 59 Precedence of motion j 55 Shall not be made second time until when56 ADJOURNMENT Constitutional time limit 151 Courtesy to speaker at time of i 26 Effect of 60 Effect when hour of arrives when House acting under previous question g 61 Effect when hour of arrives during vote by yeas and nays 61 Hour of fixed by House 180 ADVERSE REPORT Bills and resolutions adversely reported taken up when 41 Debate on final passage 72 Effect of on bills 43 AMENDMENTS Applicable to an amendmentv 94 Bills or resolutions amended by sections102 Bill perfected before caption or preamble1i 101 Bills perfected before substitute l 96 Blanks must be filled 100 Clerks duty in amending by striking out and inserting 104 Committee of whole action on 126 Committee of whole what reported to House 132 193 Rule No Germane must bep 103 Motion to amend how madei 94 Motion to commit amendableJ 92 Motion to postpone indefinitely not amendable 80 Motion to postpone to time definite amendable 85 Motion to table amendment not in order 62 Motion to table not amendable T 68 Must be in writing 98 Precedence of motion to amend 55 Priority of amendments 99 Priority of amendments to perfect part proposed to be stricken 105 Priority of over motion to agree or disagree 107 Priority of questions on Senate Amendments to H B 108 Priority of on passage of bill 188 Senate amendments to H B House amendments in order 106 Senate majority vote to adopt 108a Reconsidered when 113 Substitute is an amendment 95 When in order 188 When toolate 97188 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION Submission to people 160 Convention called 161 APPEALS From Speakers decision 8 Members may address House 11 No debate when of personal character1 9 To be made at once 10 APPLAUSE Speakers right to suppress SJ 29 APPROPRIATIONS General bill right of way 41 Governors power over u 157 Considered in committee of whole 51 House must originate 5 144 ATTENDANCE Call of House 136 Messengers duty 135 Power to compel1135136 Speakers duty Tr 135 194 AUDITING COMMITTEE Rule No Absentees duty as tov 134 Accounts of members duty as toL v i 195 BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Amendments and substitutes bill first perfected 96 Amendments by sections 102 Amendments to Code sections V 146 Amendments to passed on before those to caption or preamble 101 Appropriations House must originatel 144 Clerk to state number and author when reading 41 Clerk to call in order on calendar 41 Committee of whole how read 118 Committee reports favorable effect of 48 Committee reports unfavorable effects ofr48 Committee reports order of precedence 53 Corporations laws relating to 148 Engrossment effect of1L 48 General appropriations what to embrace 150 General laws how changed 147 Governors approval necessary i j158 Governors failure to return 157 Governors veto 157 Immediate transmission when 49 Introduction when 47 Printed when 50 Reconsideration effect of 8 114 Rejected when again considered 153 Relief of principals and sureties 149 Requirements for 52 Speakers duty to commit21 48 Special laws prohibited when 147 Subjectmatter only one and expressed in title 145 Unanimous consent for reading 43 Withdrawal of when 43 Majority necessary to pass 139 Debate none at first reading 48 Constitutional requirements as to readingiLi 143 Reading of unanimous consent 43 Reading first no debate 48 Reading constitutional requirement 143 CALL OF HOUSE Committee of whole not in order 119 Contempt refusal to vote on 14 195 Rule No When in orderA3f 14136 When not in orderpp 77 CAPTION Not considered until bill perfected 101 CHANGE OF VOTES How done and when 191 CLERK Absence of speaker and speaker pro tem duty of 7 Absentees duty of i 134 Amendments striking out and inserting duty ofL 104 Bills and resolutions how read committee of whole 118 Bills and resolutions called in order from calendar 41 Bills and resolutions name and authors stated 41 Books duty to care fori 171179 Call of counties Mondays Wednesdays and FridaysS 40 Journal names not voting duty to entera 174 Oath of prescribed 170 CODE SECTIONS Amendments to Constitutional requirements 146 COMMITTEES Amendments by take precedence 188 Appointed by speaker 4198 Bills not to be interlined or defaced bym 185 Chairmen Appropriation and Ways and Means ExOfficio Members 7 198 Conferencer how constituted 187 Report of Conference majority vote 108a Conference authority limited 187a Defaulting committee provision as to 199 Enlarged how 176 Failure of to report provision as to 199 Membership limitedi 197 Reports of order of precedence 53 Reports of required 199 Reports must be in writing 189 Speaker exofficio member of Rules 4 Speaker to appoint certain committees 4198 Rules committee how elected 4 COMMIT MOTION TO Amended how 92 Applicable to whatm 8993 Committee of whole not in order 119 Precedence of as among other motions 55 Precedence of as among motions to commit to different committees r 90 COMMITTEE OF WHOLE HOUSE Rule No Amendments by action by House 126 Amendments to amendments how reported to House 132 Appropriation bills considered in 51 Bills read and debated by sections 118 Call of House not in order I 119 Chairman appointed by Speakers 117 Chairman power to clear galleries or lobby 128 Debate how limited and closed 120 Disorderly conduct reportedvA 127 Extension of time how secured 121 Formation of 117 House may resolve itself into when 116 Interlineation of bills or resolutions prohibited 185 Journal not show proceedingsi 130 Members shall vote 1 l 125 Motion to commit to precedence 90 Motion to rise report progress and ask leave to sit again 122 Papers called for 131 Proceedings how closed g 122 Proceedings not reported in Journal 130 Procedure when business finished1 129 Quorum not present procedure 124 Reconsideration in order 123 Reports of precedence 53 Rules applicable to and exceptions 119 Speaker may resolve House into when 115 Speaker may take part 125 Speaker chairman appointed byJLAA 117 CONSTITUTIONAL RULES Adjournments limited 151 Amendments to Code sectionSJL 146 Amendments to Constitution1 160 Appropriation Bills House must originate 144 Appropriation Bill General what to embrace 150 Appropriations Journal to show yeas and nays 141 Bills majority necessary to passN 139 Bills reading of 143 Bills rejected when again considered 153 Bills subjectmatter expressed in title 145 Bills only one subjectmatter permitted 145 Constitutional convention how calledSBr 161 Corporations power of General Assembly over 148 County sites how changed or removed159 Date of meeting fixed 154 Elections by General Assembly 152 Expulsion of members twothirds vote necessary 155 197 Rule No General laws how changed 147 General appropriation bill what to embrace 150 Governor failure to return bills 157 Governors signature when requiredi156158 Governors veto 5 157 House judges of election and qualification of members 155 Journal must show majority vote 139 Journal must show yeas and nays when required140141142 Local and special bills notice requiredi 163 Members power to punish misconduct of 155 Members oath of prescribed 138 Quorum defined 137 Relief of principals and sureties 149 Salaries of certain officials how changed1 162 Special laws prohibited when 147 Subjectmatter bills to contain but one 145 Subjectmatter must be expressed in title 145 Veto of Governor 157 Yeas and nays required when140141142 Yeas and nays Journal to show on Apps 141 Yeas and nays Journal to show where twothirds vote required 142 CONTEMPT Refusal to vote unless excused on call of House 14 CONTEST Contestant and contestee to retire when vote taken 22 CONVERSATION Prohibited a 1924 COUNTY SITE How changed or removed 159 DEBATE Adjournment decided without 180 Bills first reading no debate 48 Committee of whole regulatedh7119120 Committee happenings reference to out of order 27 Conversations reference to out of order 27 Conduct of members in 17 Individual speeches limited 17 Motion to adjourn not debatable 56 Motion to change rules not debatable 46 Motion to commit when debatable3 91 198 Rule No Motion to change order of business not debatable 46 Motion to extend members time of speaking not debatable 17 Motion to excuse member from voting not debatable 34 Motion to indefinitely postpone debatable 80 Motion to instruct committee debate limited 199 Motion for previous question not debatable 71 Motion to read papers not debatable 33 Motion to suspend rules not debatable1 46 Motion to table not debatable 68 Motion to postpone to time definite what debatable 87 Previous question decided affirmatively debate regulated 72 Priority of business not debatableT 16 Roll call no debate during 30 Senate happenings reference to out of order 27 Yeas and nays decided without debate 181 DISPARAGING REMARKS Members prohibited from 28 DIVISION Duty of member calling for 37 Motion to excuse from voting to be made beforei 34 Right to call for 36 What not divisible 3839 DRAWING FOR SEATS Regulated 200 ELECTION House Judge of of members1 155 Majority vote necessary 193 ENROLLMENT COMMITTEE Duties of 172 EXCEPTION TO WORDS SPOKEN Procedure 18 EXPLANATION OF VOTES When allowed and time limited 32 EXPULSION OF MEMBERS When I 17155 DOORKEEPER Duty as to enforcement of rule as to intoxication 25 Duty as to messages1 164 Speaker may suspend when 12 199 GALLERIES Rule No Applause to be suppressed 29 Committee of whole chairman may clear 128 Speaker may clear j 13 GENERAL ASSEMBLY Meets when 154 Session limited i 154 GENERAL APPROPRIATION BILL Constitutional provision as to what it shall embracee 150 Right of way in order of business 41 GENERAL LAWS How changed 147 GENERAL TAX BILL Right of way of 41 GOVERNOR Failure to return bill effectC 157 Signature when required156158 Veto iS 157 HOUR OF ADJOURNMENT Fixed by House g U 180 IMMEDIATE TRANSMISSION TO SENATE Twothirds vote necessary 49 INTOXICATION Member denied floor while in state of 25 JOURNAL C Absentees shown on 134 Amendments to Constitution yeas and nays must be shown on 160 Appropriation of money yeas and nays shown 141 Committee duty to read1Z 178 Committee of whole proceedings not shown 130 Majority on passage of bills must be shown 139 Names those not voting shown on 174 Yeas and nays to be shown140141 LAUDATORY REMARKS Prohibited in Nominations 28 LOCAL BILLS Constitutional requirement as to reading 143 Constitutional requirement as to notice 166 Introduced when 47 Reading of third time and put on passage by unanimous consent I 43 200 MAIN QUESTION Rule No Effect as to when votes had on motion for previous question J 717274 Minority report time allowed for dehate r 75 Motion to table supersedes whenIlIv 70 Reconsideration of 71 When ordered call of House Jyil 77 When ordered vote how taken 73 MAJORITY Bill majority vote necessary to pass r l 139 Elections majority vote necessaryj 193 Quorum majority necessaryJ 137 MEMBERS Adjournment duty of at4 1 26 Arrest subject to whenW 135136137 Attendance of compelled whenff 1135136137 Books and papers duty as toi 179 Called to order for transgressing rules 17 Changing votes how and when 1 191 Committee of whole right to speak 119 Committee of whole duty to vote allai 125 Conduct in debate 17 Conversation and smoking prohibited 1924 Debate how often to speakA1 17 Debate individual speeches limited 17 Debate reference to conversations happenings in committee and Senate prohibited 27 Decorum of 1719242627 Designation of members mode of 20 Exceptions to words of procedure 18 Expulsion of when f 17155 Interrogating mode of 11 21 Intoxication denied floor when in state of S 25 Introduction of bills number limited V Vy 40 Introduction of bills name and county to be endorsed 52 Laudatory remarks in nominations 1 28 Members speaking duty of while 26 Misconduct in house and committee of wholeI 127155 Motion may make one at a time E g 31 Motion must resume seat while being putH 31 Motion prohibited from making nondebatable whenR 35 Oath of prescribed 1 138 Protests of proceedings 23 Retire when required to22 Seats drawing for200 Vote shall not when interestedE 22 Vote shall exceptionL 34125 201 MEMORIALS Rule No Manner of presentation 168 MEETING OF HOUSE Adjournment fixed by House180 Time of meeting for daily sessions 180 Constitutional provisions u 154 MINORITY REPORTS How made 189 Main question ordered privilege first signer 75 MESSAGES How sent announced received and considered 165 MESSENGER Arrest of members 135186 Exofficio sergeantatarms 135 Intoxicated member enforcement of ruleX 25 General duties 4 183184 Speaker may suspend when 12 MOTIONS Information from executive department lie on table 190 Nondebatable prohibited whenl35 One at a time onlyl 31 Order of priority U 55 Order of business motion to change not debatable 46 Order of business motion to change vote necessary 54 Read papers motion to decide without debate 33 Rules motion to change or suspend vote necessary 44 Rules motion to change or suspend how submitted424549 Seconding of unnecessary 172 Special orders motion to make how substituted 45 Strike out and insert motion to not divisible 39 Withdrawn how 167 NEW RATTERS Call of counties by clerk 40 General bills limited to one a day4 40 Information from executive department to lie on table 190 Unanimous consents for r 43 NOMINATIONS Laudatory remarks prohibitedu 28 OATHS Rule No Of Clerk prescribed 170 Of Members prescribed 1 138 ORDER OF BUSINESS Changed how 444654 Motion to change not debatable 46 Motion to change vote necessary Jit 4454 Priority of established 196 Rules committee to fix during last twentyone days 54 PARLIAMENTARY LAW Applicable when 194 PETITIONS Considered when 166 Manner of presentationsj 168 PREAMBLE Not considered until resolution perfected 101 PREVIOUS QUESTION Adjourn motion not in order after affirmative votes on 71 Adjournment effect arrival hour of House acting under 61 Affirmative votes resulta71727475 Applicable to what 5 75 Call of House not in order after ordered except when 77 Call for sustained motion to table in order 70 Exhausted must be before matters of words excepted to decided 18 Precedence of motion 55 POSTPONE Applicable to what definite and indefinite 8188 Committee of whole motion to definitely postpone not in order 119 Debate motion to indefinitely postpone debatable but not amendable 80 Definitely postpone motion to amendable 85 Effect of affirmative action on motion to indefinitely postpone y 79 Effect of affirmative action on motion to postpone to time definite i 84 Effect of negative action 84 Indefinitely motion to when not applicable 81 Impossible day motion to postpone to treated how 86 Indefinitely motion to not renewable 82 Precedence of motion 55 PRIVILEGE Personal privilege 192 Questions of what constitutes192 203 PRIVILEGES OF FLOOR Who entitled to PRINTING OF BILLS When ordered L PROTESTS OF MEMBERS Procedure QUALIFYING PARAGRAPH Not a divisible question1 QUORUM Constitutional definition READING OF PAPERS House determines by vote RECONSIDERATION Amendments when reconsidered Bills notice of motion when given Bills notice not to be withdrawn when Committee of whole motion in order Effect of on bills Main question ordered motion in order to reconsider Motion in order but once on same subject matter Motions when in ordery REMONSTRANCES Manner of presentation 4 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES Committees may report by bill or otherwise Order of precedence of ROLL CALL Explanation of votes onjj Debate none during How dispensed with Speaker may order when RULES Motion to suspend or change decided without debate Suspended or changed how RULES COMMITTEE Constituted and elected how Effect of failure to report Rule No 177 50 23 38 137 33 113 109 110 123 114 71 111 112 168 169 53 32 30 133 15 46 444546 4 45 204 Rule No Order of business fixed by during last fourteen days 54 Report of in order when 169 Special orders and motions to suspend rules duty to report on 41 4245 SALARIES Constitutional provision as to changing 162 SEATS Drawing for regulated 200 SERGEANTATARMS Call of House duty of 136 Messenger is exofficio a135 SIGNATURE OF SPEAKER AND CLERK When required 182 SILENCE Members to preserve when 19 SMOKING Prohibited 24 SPEAKER Absence of Speaker pro tern to preside ii 7 Adjournment members to remain until Speaker retires26 Appeals from decision of S91011 Appeals from decision of to be made at once j 10 Appeals from decision of no debate when 1 9 Appointment of committees by JJ 4198 Appointment of chairman of Committee of Whole117 Appointment of Conference Committee yyr 187 Attendance power to compel 11 135 Business priority of decided without debate 16 Chairman Committee of Whole appointed by 117 Committees appointed by 4198 Committee of Whole may resolve House into when 115 Committee of Whole assumes chair when 122 Committee of Whole receiving chairmans renort 129 Committee of Whole right to take part in 125 Courtesy of members to at adjournment26 Doorkeeper Speaker may suspend i1 12 Galleries may be cleared by Eh 13 Interrogation of members conducted through 21 Irrelevant debate power to suspend1111 1 Members Speaker may name to preside 6 205 Rule No Members courtesy due by at adjournment 26 Method of stating question by 5 Quorum duty of when no quorum voting 1415 Recognition of members decided by 3 Recognition of members for unanimous consent 43 Rules Committee Speaker exofficio member 198 Silence commanded by when 1 Suspension of officers 12 Vote Speaker required to whenT 2 SPEAKER PRO TEM Absence of Speaker duty to presidet 7 Election 8 gg 7 SPECIAL COMMITTEE Priority of motion to commit in1 90 SPECIAL LAWS Notice required 163 Prohibited when 147 SUBJECTMATTER Bills to contain but one and expressed in title 145 SUBSTITUTE Amendment is 95 Bill perfected before substitute 96 Motion to table not in orderv 62 SUSPENSION OF RULES How accomplished 44r4546 TABLE MOTION TO Amendment or substitute motion to table not in order 62 Amendment motion to table not subject to 68 Application of what can be laid on table 69 Committee of whole motion not in order 119 Debate motion to table not debatable 68 Effect when motion to table prevails 64 Effect when motion to take from table prevails 6365 Effect when motion to take from table prevails where measure tabled after rollcall 66 Executive department information called from tabled one day 190 Main question motion to table in order after motion for previous question sustained 70 206 Rule No Main question motion to table not in order after House has voted that main question shall be now put 70 Motion to take from when in orderiLv 63 Previous question motion to table in order after call for sustained 79 Previous question motion to table not in order after main question ordered 70 Renewal of motions to table and take from when 67 Roll call motion not in order until completion 66 TWOTHIRDS VOTE NECESSARY WHEN Amendments to Constitution 430 Constitution Convention vv L 161 County Site changed or removedL 459 Expulsion of members 455 Governors veto overridden 156157158 Prolongation of session W156 UNANIMOUS CONSENTS Limitation and regulation of 43 YEAS AND NAYS Adjournment effect when hour of arrives during vote by 61 Amendments to Constitution 160 Changing votes after call of 491 Committee of whole vote not taken by 119 Explanation of votes when vote taken by 32 Excuse from voting motion must be made before roll call begins 34 Journals to show when140141142 Journal to show names not votingA 174 Motion to table when in order when vote taken by 66 Required when 73140141142 Speaker may order when no quorum voting 15 207 CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF STATE CONSTITUTIONS 210 ARTICLE IBill of Rights 211214 ARTICLE IIElective Franchise 214217 ARTICLE IIILegislative Departmentr217227 ARTICLE IVPower of General Assembly over Taxation 227228 ARTICLE VExecutive Department 229233 ARTICLE VIJudiciary ARTICLE VIIFinance Taxation andPublic Debt 243253 ARTICLE VIIIEducation 2R325R ARTICLE IXHomestead and Exemption 255 ARTICLE XMilitia Li 257 ARTICLE XICounties and County Officers 257260 ARTICLE XIIThe Laws of General Operation in Force in this State 1l260261 ARTICLE XIIIAmendments to the Constitution261262 ORDINANCES U 263265 Tabulation of Amendments Proposed266275 Chronological Analysis 3LL 276 CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF ORGANIC ACTS AND STATE CONSTITUTIONS OF GEORGIA Charter of the Colony of Georgia 1732 Grant of George II King of Great Britain Constitution of 1777 Constitutional Convention Oct 1 1776Feb 5 1777 Constitution of 1789 Constitutional Convention Nov 424 1788 Jan 420 1789 May 46 1789 May 16 1795 Constitution of 1798 Constitutional Convention May 830 1798 Constitution of 1861 Constitutional Convention Jan 16March 23 1861 Constitution of 1865 Constitutional Convention Oct 25Nov 8 1865 Constitution of 1868 Constitutional Convention Dec 9 1867March 11 168 Constitution of 1877 Constitutional Convention July 11 1877August 25 1877 210 CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA 1877 as amended PREAMBLE To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interest and happiness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidance of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution ARTICLE L Bill of Rights Section I Paragraph I All government of right originates with the people is founded upon their will only and is instituted solely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them Par II Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete Par III No person shall be deprived of life liberty or property except by due process of law Par IV No person shall be deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the courts of this State in person by attorney or both Par V Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded shall have compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against him and shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury Par VI No person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any manner to criminate himself 211 Art 1 Sec 1 Par 7 Par VII Neither banishment beyond the limits of the State nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed Par VIII No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offense save on his or her own motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of mistrial Par IX Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted nor shall any person be abused in being arrested while under arrest or in prison Par X No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial Par XI The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended Par XII All men have the natural and inalienable right to worship God each according to the dictates of his own conscience and nc human authority should in any case control or interfere with such right of conscience Par XIII No inhabitant of this State shall be molested in person or property or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the right of liberty of conscience shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State Par XIV No money shall ever be taken from the public treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution Par XV No law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of peech or of the press any person may speak write and publish his sentiments on all subjects being responsible for the abuse of that liberty Par XVI The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the persons or things to be seized Par XVII There shall be within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof Par XVIII The social status of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation Par XIX The civil authority shall be superior to the military and no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as may be provided by law Par XX The power of the courts to punish for contempts shall be limited by legislative acts Par XXI There shall be no imprisonment for debt Par XXII The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne 212 Art 1 Sec 1 Par 23 Par XXIII The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided Par XXIV The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested with the powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance Par XXV All citizens of the United States resident in this State are hereby declared citizens of this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the full enjoyment of the rights privileges and immunities due to such citizenship Section II Paragraph I In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the truth may be given in evidence and the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts The power of the judges to grant new trials in case of conviction is preserved Par II Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist in levying war against her adhering to her enemies giving them aid and comfort No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open court Par III No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate Par IV All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hereby prohibited and this prohibition shall be enforced by penal laws Part V Lobbying is declared to be a crime and the General Ascembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties Par VI The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor Section III Paragraph I In cases of necessity private ways may be granted upon just compensation being first paid by the applicant Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid Par II No bill of attainder ex post facto law retroactive law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grants of special privileges or immunities shall be passed Par III No grant of special privileges or immunities shall be revoked except in such manner as to work no injustice to the corporators or creditors of the incorporation 213 Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1 Section IV Paragraph I Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an exitsing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent Par II Legislative acts in violation of this Constitution or the Constitution of the United States are void and the judiciary shall so declare them Section V Paragraph I The people of this State have the inherent sole and exclusive right of regulating their internal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness Par II The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights which they may have hitherto enjoyed ARTICLE II Elective Franchise Section I Paragraph I After the year 1908 elections by the people shall be by ballot and only those persons shall be allowed to vote who have been first registered in accordance with the requirements of law Par II Every male citizen of this State who is a citizen of the United States twentyone years old or upwards not laboring under any of the disabilities named in this Article and possessing the qualifications provided by it shall be an elector and entitled to register and vote at any election by the people Provided that no soldier sailor or marine in the military or naval services of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State Par III To entitle a person to register and vote at any election by the people he shall have resided in the State one year next preceding the election and in the County in which he offers to vote six months next preceding the election and shall have paid all poll taxes that he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeably to law Such payment must have been made at least six months prior to the election at which he offers to vote except when such elections are held within six months from the expiration of the time fixed by law for the payment of such taxes 214 Art 2 Sec 1 Par 4 Par IV Every male citizen of this State shall be entitled to register as an elector and to vote in all elections in said State who is not disqualified under the provisions of Section 2 of Article 2 of this Constitution and who possesses the qualifications prescribed in Paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Section or who will possess them at the date of the election occurring next after his registration and who in addition thereto comes within either of the classes provided for in the five following subdivisions of this paragraph 1 All persons who have honorably served in the land or naval forces of the United States in the Revolutionary War or in the War of 1812 or in the War with Mexico or in any War with the Indians or in the War between the States or in the War with Spain or who honorably served in the land or naval forces of the Confederate States or of the State of Georgia in the War between the States or 2 All persons lawfully descended from those embraced in the classes enumerated in the subdivision next above or 3 All persons who are of good character and understand the duties and obligations of citizenship under a republican form of government or 4 All persons who can correctly read in the English language any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State and correctly write the same in the English language when read to them by any one of the registrars and all persons who solely because of physical disability are unable to comply with the above requirements but who can understand and give a reasonable interpretation of any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State that may be read to them by any one of the registrars or 5 Any person who is the owner in good faith in his own right of at least forty acres of land situated in this State upon which he resides or is the owner in good faith in his own right of property situated in this State and assessed for taxation at the value of 50000 Par V The right to register under Subdivision 1 and 2 of Paragraph 4 shall continue only until January 1st 1915 But the registrars shall prepare a roster of all persons who register under Subdivisions 1 and 2 of Paragraph 4 and shall return the same to the clerks office of the superior court of their counties and the clerks of the superior court shall send copies of the same to the Secretary of State and it shall be the duty of these officers to record and permanently preserve these rosters Any person who has been once registered under either of the Subdivisions 1 or 2 of Paragraph 4 shall thereafter be permitted to vote Provided he meets the requirements of Paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Section Par VI Any person to whom the right of registration is denied by the registrars upon the ground that he lacks the qualifications set forth in the five subdivisions of Paragraph 4 shall have the right to 215 Art 2 Sec 1 Par 6 take an appeal and any citizen may enter an appeal from the decision of the registrars allowing any person to register under said subdivisions All appeals must be filed in writing with the registrars within ten days from the date of the decision complained of and shall be returned by the registrars to the office of the clerk of the superior court to be tried as other appeals Par VII Pending an appeal and until the final decision of the case the judgment of the registrars shall remain in full force Par VIII No person shall be allowed to participate in a primary of any political party or a convention of any political party in this State who is not a qualified voter Par IX The machinery provided by law for the registration of force October 1st 1908 shall be used to carry out the provisions of this Section except where inconsistent with same the legislature may change or amend the registration laws from time to time but no such change or amendment shall operate to defeat any of the provisions of this Section Section II Paragraph I The General Assembly may provide from time to time for the registration of all electors but the following classes of persons shall not be permitted to register vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State towit 1st Those who shall have been convicted in any court of competent jurisdiction of treason against the State of embezzlement of public funds malfeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in the penitentiary unless such persons have been pardoned 2d Idiotk and insane persons Section III Paragraph I Electors shall in all cases except for treason felony larceny and breach of the peace be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections and in going to and returning from the same Section IV Paragraph I No person who is the holder of any public money contrary to law shall be eligible to any office in this State until the same is accounted for and paid into the treasury Par II No person who after the adoption of this Constitution being a resident of this State shall have been convicted of fighting a duel in this State or convicted of sending or accepting a challenge or convicted of aiding or abetting such duel shall hold office in this State unless he shall have been pardoned and every such person shall also be subject to such punishment as may be prescribed by law 216 Art 2 Sec 5 Par 1 Section V Paragraph I The General Assembly shall by law forbid the sale distribution or furnishing of intoxicating drinks within two miles of election precincts on days of electionState county or municipal and prescribe punishment for any violation of the same Section VI Paragraph I Returns of elections for all civil officers elected by the people who are to be commissioned by the Governor and also for the members of the General Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law ARTICLE III Legislative Department Section I Paragraph I The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives Section II Paragraph I The Senate shall consist of fifty two members There shall be fiftytwo Senatorial Districts as now arranged by counties Each District shall have one Senator Par II The First Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Chatham Bryan and Effinflham The Second Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Liberty Tattnall McIntosh and Long The Third Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wayne Appling Jeff Davis and Brantley The Fourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Glynn Camden and Charlton The Fifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Ware Clinch and Atkinson The Sixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Echols Lowndes Berrien Cook and Lanier The Seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Brooks Thomas and Grady The Eighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Decatur Mitchell Miller and Seminole The Ninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Early Calhoun and Baker The Tenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dougherty Lee and Worth The Eleventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clay Randolph and Terrell The Twelfth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Stewart Webster and Quitman 217 Art 3 Sec 2 Par 2 The Thirteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Sumter Schley and Macon The Fourteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dooly Pulaski and Bleckley The Fifteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wheeler Montgomery and Toombs The Sixteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Laurens Emanuel Johnson and Treutlen The Seventeenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Screven Jenkins and Burke The Eighteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Richmond Glascock and Jefferson The Nineteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Taliaferro Greene and Warren The Twentieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Baldwin Hancock and Washington The Twentyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Twiggs Wilkinson and Jones The Twentysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bibb Monroe Pike and Lamar The Twentythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Houston Crawford Taylor and Peach The Twentyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Muscogee Marion and Chattahoochee The Twentyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Harris Upson and Talbot The Twentysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Spalding Butts and Fayette The Twentyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Barrow Walton and Oconee The Twentyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Jasper Putnam and Morgan The Twentyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Columbia Lincoln and McDuffie The Thirtieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Elbert Madison and Hart The Thirtyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Franklin Habersham and Stephens The Thirtysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of White Dawson and Lumpkin The Thirtythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hall Banks and Jackson The Thirtyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of DeKalb Rockdale and Newton The Thirtyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clayton and Henry The Thirtysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Coweta and Meriwether 218 Art 3 Sec 2 Par 2 The Thirtyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Carroll Heard and Troup The Thirtyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Haralson Polk and Paulding The Thirtyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Cherokee Cobb and Douglas The Fortieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Union Towns and Rabun The Fortyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Pickens Fannin and Gilmer The Fortysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bartow Floyd and Chattooga The Fortythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Murray Gordon and Whitfield The Fortyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Walker Dade and Catoosa The Fortyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Irwin Ben Hill and Telfair The Fortysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bacon Pierce and Coffee The Fortyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Colquitt Tift and Turner The Fortyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Crisp Wilcox and Dodge The Fortyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bulloch Candler and Evans The Fiftieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clarke Oglethorpe and Wilkes The Fiftyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Gwinnett and Forsyth The Fiftysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the county of Fulton Par III The General Assembly may change these districts after each census of the United States Provided that neither the number of districts nor the number of Senators from each district shall be increased Section III Paragraph I The House of Representatives shall consist of Representatives apportioned among the several counties of the State as such counties are marked and defined and as the same may be hereafter created as follows To the eight counties having the largest population three Representatives each to the thirty counties having the next largest population two Representatives each and the remaining counties one Representative each including the new counties of Lanier Seminole Brantley Long and Lamar In the event of the ratification of this amendment to the Constitution and in the event of the ratification of the amendments to the Constitution creating 219 Art 3 Sec 3 Par 1 the counties of Lanier Seminole and Brantley or either of them the said counties so created shall also be entitled to representation in the General Assembly In the event of a ratification of the amendments creating the counties of Lanier Seminole and Brantley or either of them an election shall be held in such county or counties on the first Tuesday in January 1921 under the laws now governing similar elections for members of the General Assembly for the election of a member of the General Assembly from said county or counties for the session of 1921 and 1922 Par II The above apportionment shall be changed by the General Assembly at its first session after each census taken by the United States Government so as to give to the six counties having the largest population three Representatives each and the twentysix counties having the next largest population two Representatives each but in no event shall the aggregate number of Representatives be increased Section IV Paragraph I The members of the General Assembly shall be elected for two years and shall serve until the time fixed by law for the convening of the next General Assembly The provisions of this Paragraph Section and Article shall apply to the terms of the members of the General Assembly who were elected at the general election for members of the General Assembly in the year 1912 Par II The first election for members of the General Assembly under this Constitution shall take place on the first Wednesday in December 1877 the second election for the same shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of election is changed by law Par III The General Assembly shall meet on the second Monday in January 1933 and biennially thereafter on the same date until the day shall be changed by law Such session shall continue no longer than ten 10 days and the only business which shall be transacted thereat shall be the election of officers of the General Assembly and the organization of same the inauguration of the Governorelect and other StateHouse officers whose terms of office run concurrently with that of the Governor the election or appointment of committees of each house the election of the Governor and other StateHouse officers in the event of no election by the people as under the present provisions of this Constitution the decision of contested elections for Governor and other officers as under present provisions of the Constitution and the introduction and first reading of bills and resolutions the impeachment of public officers and trial thereof Provided that if at the end of ten 10 days an election or contest or actual trial of impeachment is pending the session may be prolonged until all such officers shall be elected so declared and finally inaugurated or installed in office Art 3 Sec 4 Par 3 The General Assembly shall reconvene in regular session on the second Monday after the 4th of July 1933 and biennially thereafter on the same date until the dat shall be changed by law No such regular session of the General Assembly shall continue longer than sixty days Provided that if an impeachment trial is pending at the end of sixty 60 days the session may be prolonged until completion of said trial Provided further that the General Assembly by concurrent resolution adopted by the votes of a majority of a quorum of House and Senate during said special session above provided for and approved by the Governor is hereby authorized to fix a date for reconvening in regular session prior to date above provided for in lieu of the date definitely fixed hereinabove The terms of the present incumbents of the offices of Governor and those which are for the same as the Governor shall expire upon the inauguration of thje Governor at the first biennial session held under the provisions hereof in January 1933 Par IV A majority of each house shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each house may provide Par V Each senator and representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me 1 will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interests and prosperity of this State Par VI Superseded by Amendment to Art 3Sec 4Par 3 Nov 4 1924 Par VII No person holding a military commission or other appointment or office having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under this State or the United States or either of them except Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either house nor shall any senator or representative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected Par VIII The seat of a member of either house shall be vacated on his removal from the district or county from which he was elected Section V Paragraph I The senators shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected 221 Art 3 Sec 5 Par 2 Par II The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate and shall be elected viva voce from the senators Par III The Senate shall have the sole power to try impeachments Par IV When sitting for that purpose the members shall be on oath or affirmation and shall be presided over by the Chief Justice or the Presiding Justice of the Supreme Court Should the Chief Justice be disqualified the Senate shall select the judge of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of twothirds of the members present Par V Judgments in cases of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this State but the party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law Section VI Paragraph I The representatives shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyone years and who shall have been citizens of this State for two years and for one year residents of the counties from which elected Par II The presiding officer of the House of Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of the House of Representatives and shall be elected viva voce from the body Par III The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to impeach all persons who shall have been or may be in office Section VII Paragraph I Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Par II Each House may punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session any person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House Par III The members of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treason felony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either House Par IV Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after its adjournment 222 Art 3 Sec 7 Par 5 Par V The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of the Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof Par VI The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the journal Par VII Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection but the first and second reading of each local bill and bank and railroad charters shall consist of reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed Par VIII No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Par IX The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the executive legislative and judicial departments of the government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Par X All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Par XI No money shall be drawn from the treasury except by appropriation made by law and a regular statement and account of the receipt and expenditure of all public money shall be published every three months and also with the laws passed by each session of the General Assembly Par XII No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each house are recorded Par XIII All acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall ave been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected Par XIV No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a ma Jonty of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the Journal Par XV By an Act approved September 24 1885 an amendment to the Constitution was submitted to vote of the people in October 1886 and adopted whereby the original of this paragraph was stricken from the Constitution Par XVI No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice ot the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the 223 Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16 locality where matter or things to be affected may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction oi such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such acts shall be passed Par XVII No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Par XVIII The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the courts it may confer this authority to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to the Judges of the Superior Courts of this State in vacation All corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law and if in any event the Secretary of State should be disqualified to act in any case then in that event the legislature shall provide by general laws by what person such charters shall be granted Par XIX The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer Par XX The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passengerrailway within the limits of any incorporated town or city without the consent of the corporate authorities Par XXI Whenever tha Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passing of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal Par XXII The General Assembly shall have power to make all laws and ordinances consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State Par XXIII No provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly 224 Art 3 Sec 7 Par 24 Par XXIV Neither house shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of a disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them Par XXV The Generaly Assembly of the State shall have authority to grant to the governing authorities of the Cities of Atlanta Savannah Macon Augusta Columbus LaGrange Brunswick Waycross Albany Athens Rome Darien Dublin Decatur Valdosta Quitman Newnan Thomaston and East Thomaston Moultrie Dalton Forsyth Milledgeville Cordele Carrollton Eastman Fort Valley and McRae and cities having a population of 25000 or more inhabitants according to the United States census of 1920 or any future census authority to pass zoning and planning laws whereby such cities may be zoned or districted for various uses and other or different uses prohibited therein and regulating the use for which said zones or districts may be set apart and regulating the plans for development and improvement of real estate therein The General Assembly is given general authority to authorize the Cities of Atlanta Savannah Macon Augusta Columbus LaGrange Brunswick Waycross Albany Athens Rome Darien Dublin Decatur Valdosta Quitman Newnan Thomaston and East Thomaston Moultrie Dalton Forsyth Milledgeville Cordele Carrollton Eastman Fort Valley and McRae and cities having a population of 25000 or more inhabitants according to the United States Census of 1920 or any future census to pass zoning and planning laws Par XXVI The General Assembly of the State shall have authority to grant to the governing authorities of the County of Glynn authority to pass zoning and planning laws whereby such county may be zoned or districted for various uses and other and different uses prohibited therein to regulate the uses for which said zones or districts may be set apart and to regulate the plans for development and improvement of real estate therein The General Assembly is given general authority to authorize such county to pass zoning and planning laws and to levy and collect a tax therefor and as the date of the ratification hereof acts of the General Assembly heretofore passed undertaking to grant such authority to such county and acts of the county authorities regularly done pursuant to such Acts of the General Assembly are hereby ratified and confirmed The General Assembly of the State shall have the authority to grant to the governing authorities of any city or county in this state having a population of 1000 or more according to the Federal census of 1930 or any such future census the authority to pass zoning and planning laws whereby such cities or counties may be zoned or districted for various uses and other or different uses prohibited therein and to regulate the use for which said zones or districts may be set apart and to regulate the plans for development and improvement of real estate therein 225 Art 3 Sec 8 Par 1 Section VIII Paragraph I The officers of the two houses other than the President and Speaker shall be a secretary of the Senate and clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as they may appoint but the clerical expenses of the Senate shall no exceed sixty dollars per day for each session nor those of the House of Representatives seventy dollars per day for each session The secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives shall be required to give bond and security for the faithful discharge of their respective duties Section IX Paragraph I The perdiem of the members of the General Assembly shall not exceed seven dollars and mileage shall not exceed ten cents for each mile traveled by the nearest practicable route in going and returning from the Capital but the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive not exceeding ten dollars per day Section X Paragraph I All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result Section XI Paragraph I All property of the wife at the time of her marriage and all property given to inherited or acquired by her shall remain her separate property and not be liable for the debts of her husband Section XII Paragraph I All life insurance companies now doing business in this State or which may desire to establish agencies and do business in the State of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State in which they are chartered or of this State the Insurance Commissioner or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policyholders Par II When such showing is made to the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State officials having charge of the funds so deposited the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the fees required by law Art 3 Sec 12 Par 3 Par III All life insurance companies chartered by the State of Georgia or which may hereafter be chartered by the State shall before doing business deposit with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia or with some strong corporation which may be approved by said ComptrollerGeneral one hundred thousand dollars m such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash to be subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of the policyholders of the company making such deposit all interests and dividends arising from such securities to be paid when due to the company so depositing Any such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may be taken from said department at any time by replacing them with other securities equally acceptable to the ComptrollerGeneral whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company Par IV The General Assembly shall from time to time enact laws to compel all fire insurance companies doing business in this State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit reasonable securities with the Treasurer of this State to secure the people against loss by the operations of said companies Par V The General Assembly shall compel all insurance companies in this State or doing business therein under proper penalties to make semiannual reports to the Governor and print the same at their own expense for the information and protection of the people ARTICLE IV Power of the General Assembly Over Taxation Section I Paragraph I The right of taxation is a sovereign right inalienable indestructible is the life of the State and rightfully belongs to the people in all Republican governments and neither the General Assembly nor any nor all other departments of the Government established by this Constitution shall ever have the authority to irrevocably give grant limit or restrain this right and all laws grants contracts and all other acts whatsoever by said government or any department thereof to effect any of these purposes shall be and are hereby declared to be null and void for every purpose whatsoever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of and revocable by the State notwithstanding any gift grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly Section II Paragraph I The power and authority of regulating railroad freights and passenger tariffs preventing unjust discriminations and requiring reasonable and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs 227 Art 4 Sec 2 Par 1 are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall be to pass laws from time to time to regulate freight and passenger tariffs to prohibit unjust discriminations on the various railroads of this State and to prohibit said roads from charging other than just and reasonable rates and enforce the same by adequate penalties Par II The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use the same as property of individuals and the exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in such a manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals or the general wellbeing of the State Par III The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing nor alter or amend the same nor pass any other general or special law for the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that such corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its benefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation of said charter and shall bring the same under the provisions of this Constitution Provided That this section shall not extend to any amendment for the purpose of allowing any existing road to take stock in or aid in the building of any branch road Par IV The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to authorize any corporation to buy shares or stock in any other corporation in this State or elsewhere or to make any contract or agreement whatever with any such corporation which may have the effect or be intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition in their respective business or to encourage monopoly and all such contracts and agrments shall be illegal and void Par V No railroad company shall give or pay any rebate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or do any act to mislead or decive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freights or passage and any such payments shall be illegal and void and these prohibitions shall be enforced by suitable penalties Par VI No provisions of this Article shall be deemed held or taken to impair the obligation of any contract heretofore made by the State of Georgia Par VII The General Assembly shall enforce the provisions of this Article by appropriate legislation Art 5 Sec 1 Par 1 ARTICLE V Executive Department Section I Paragraph I The officers of the Executive Department shall consist of a Governor Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer Par II The executive power shall be vested in a Governor who shall hold his office during the term of four years and until his successor shall be chosen and qualified After qualifying for a fouryear term he shall not be eligible to be reelected for the next succeeding fouryear term or any part thereof He shall have a salary of seven thousand five hundred dollars per annum until otherwise provided by a law passed by a twothirds vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the United States or either of them or from any foreign power The State officers required by this Constitution to be elected at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor shall also hold office for four years Provided however that the provisions of this paragraph shall not apply to the term of office or the salary of any official elected at the general election of 1940 Par III The first election for Governor under this Constitution shall be held on Tuesday after the first Monday in November of 1942 and the Governor elect shall be installed in office at the next session of the General Assembly An election shall take place quadriennially thereafter on said date until another date be fixed by the General Assembly Said election shall be held at the places of holding general elections in the several counties of this State in the manner prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly and the electors shall be the same Par IV The returns for every election of Governor shall be sealed up by the managers separately from other returns and directed to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives and transmitted to the Secretary of State who shall without opening said returns cause the same to be laid before the Senate on the day after the two Houses shall have been organized and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives Par V The members of each branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives shall open and publish the returns in the presence and under the direction of the General Assembly and the person having the majority of the whole number of votes shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State 229 Art 5 Sec 1 Par 5 but if no person shall have such majority then from the two persons having the highest number of votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed for the General Assembly to elect the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor viva voce and in all cases of election of a Governor by the General Assembly a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice Par VI Contested elections shall be determined by both Houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law Par VII No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the State six years and who shall not have attained the age of thirty years Par VIII In case of the death resignation or disability of the Governor the President of the Senate shall exercise the executive powers of the government until such disability be removed or a successor is elected and qualified And in case of the death resignation or disability of the President of the Senate the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the executive powers of the government until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor Par IX The General Assembly shall have power to provide by law for filling unexpired terms by special elections Par X The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of his office take the following oath or affirmation I do solemnly swear or affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor of the State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America Par XI The Governor shall be commanderinchief of the army and navy of this State and the militia thereof Par XII He shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons to commute penalties remove disabilities imposed by law and to remit any part of a sentence for offenses against the State after conviction except in cases of treason and impeachment subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons Upon conviction for treason he may suspend the execution of the sentence and report the case to the General Assembly at the next meeting thereof when the General Assembly shall either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant a further reprieve He shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body each case of reprieve pardon or commutation granted stating the name of the convict the offense for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the reprieve pardon or commutation and the reasons for granting 230 Art 5 Sec 1 Par 12 the same He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State Par XIII He shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate or House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly from time to time information of the state of the Commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient He shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be enacted at call sessions of the General Assembly except such as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them Provided however that when threefifths of the members elected to the House of Representatives and threefifths of the members elected to the Senate shall have certified to the Governor of the State of Georgia that in their opinion an emergency exists in the affairs of the State of Georgia it shall thereupon be the duty of said Governor and mandatory upon him within five 5 days from the receipt of such certificate or certificates to convene said General Assembly in extraordinary session for all purposes and in the event said Governor shall within said time Sundays excluded fail or refuse to convene said General Assembly as aforesaid then and in that event said General Assembly may convene itself in extraordinary session s if convened in regular session for all purposes provided that such extraordinary selfconvened session shall be limited to a period of thirty 30 days unless at the expiration of said period there snail be pending an impeachment trial of some officer of the State Government in which event the General Assembly shall be authorized to remain in session until such trial shall have been completed Par XIV When any office shall become vacant by death resignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided by law and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution or by law in pursuance thereof Par XV A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter Par XVI The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sundays excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House 231 Art 5 Sec 1 Par 17 Par XVII Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each House Par XVIII He may require information in writing from the officers in the Executive Department on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices It shall be the duty of the Governor quarterly and oftener if he deems it expedient to examine under oath the Treasurer and ComptrollerGeneral of the State on all matters pertaining to their respective offices and to inspect and review their books and accounts The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of either of said officers from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same Par XIX The Governor shall have the power to appoint his own secretaries not exceeding two in number and to provide such other clerical force as may be required in his office but the total cost for salaries and clerical force in his office shall not exceed the sum of ten thousand dollars 1000000 and this sum shall not be exceeded either directly or indirectly for any services rendered the Governor in the way of clerical assistance or in any other manner Section II Paragraph I The Secretary of the State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall be elected by persons qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor The provisions of the Constitution as to the transmission of the returns of election counting the votes declaring the result deciding when there is no election and when there is a contested election applicable to the election of Governor shall apply to the election of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer they shall be commissioned by the Governor and hold their offices for the same time as the Governor Par II The General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the duties authority and salaries of the Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer and to provide help and expenses necessary for the operation of the department of each Par Ill and IV stricken out by amendment to Art 5 Sec 2 Acts 1927 p 121 Par V The Treasurer shall not be allowed directly or indirectly to receive any fee interest or reward from any person bank or corporation for the deposit or use in any manner of the public funds and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties 232 Art 5 Sec 2 Par 6 Par VI No person shall be eligible to the office of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral or Treasurer unless he shall have been a citizen of the United States for ten years and shall have resided in this State for six years next preceding his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when elected All of said officers shall give bond and security under regulations to be prescribed by law for the faithful discharge of their duties Par VII The Secretary of State the ComptrollerGeneral and the Treasurer shall not be allowed any fee perquisite or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by law except their necessary expenses when absent from the seat of government on business for the State Section III Paragraph I The great seal of the State shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall be the great seal of the State until otherwise provided by law ARTICLE VI Judiciary Section I Paragraph I The judicial powers of this State shall be vested in a Supreme Court a Court of Appeals superior courts courts of ordinary justices of the peace commissioned notaries public and such other courts as have been or may be established by law Section II Paragraph I The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices A majority of the court shall constitute a quorum Par II When one or more of the judges of the Supreme Court are disqualified from deciding any case by interest or otherwise the qualified justices shall designate a judge or judges of the Superior Court to preside in said case Par III No judge of any court shall preside in any case where the validity of any bondFederal State corporation or municipal is involved who holds in his own right or as the representative of others any material interests in the class of bonds upon which the question to be decided arises Par IV The Chief Justice and Associate Justices shall hold their offices for six years and until their successors are qualified A successor to the incumbent whose term will soonest expire shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1880 a successor to the incum 233 Art 6 Sec 2 Par 4 bent whose term of office is next in duration shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1882 and a successor to the third incumbent shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1884 but appointments to fill vacancies shall only be for the unexpired term or until such vacancies are filled by elections agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution Par V The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a court alone for the trial and correction of errors of law from the superior courts and the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such other like courts as have been or may hereafter be established in other cities in all cases that involve the construction of the Constitution of the State of Georgia or of the United States or of treaties between the United States and foreign governments in all cases in which the constitutionality of any law of the State of Georgia or of the United States is drawn in question and until otherwise provided by law inwall cases respecting titles to land in all equity cases in all cases which involve the validity of or the construction of wills in all cases of conviction of a capital felony in all habeascorpus cases in all cases involving extraordinary remedies in all divorce and alimony cases and in all cases certified to it by the Court of Appeals for its determination It shall also be competent for the Supreme Court to require by certiorari or otherwise any case to be certified to the Supreme Court from the Court of Appeals for review and determination with the same power and authority as if the case had been carried by writ of error to the Supreme Court Any case carried to the Supreme Court or to the Court of Appeals which belongs to the class of which the other court has jurisdiction shall until otherwise provided by law be transferred to the other court under such rules as the Supreme Court may prescribe and the cases so transferred shall be heard and determined by the court which has jurisdiction thereof Par VI The Supreme Court shall dispose of every case at the first or second term after such writ of qrror is brought and in case the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared at the first term to prosecute the caseunless prevented by providential causeit shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed Provided that if the transmittal of the record be unavoidably delayed by reason of the illness or death of the clerk of the trial court or of some member of his family so that the case has not been docketed in the Supreme Court before the close of the docket of the term to which it is by law returnable the facts causing such unavoidable delay to be certified by the clerk in commission and by a judge of the trial court the case shall be heard at the next term which shall be regarded as its first term Par VII In any case the court may in its discretion withhold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued Par VIII The Supreme Court shall hereafter consist of a Chief Justice and five Associate Justices The court shall have power to 234 Art 6 Sec 2 Par 8 hear and determine cases when sitting either in a body or in two divisions of three judges each under such regulations as may be prescribed by the General Assembly A majority of either division shall constitute a quorum for that division The Chief Justice and i Justices of the Supreme Court shall hereafter be elected by the people at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor and the Statehouse officers are elected except that the first election under this amendment shall be held on the third Wednesday in December 1896 at which time one Associate Justice shall be elected for a full term of six years to fill the vacancy occurring on January 1st 1897 by the expiration of the term of one of the present incumbents and three additional Associate Justices shall be elected for terms expiring repectively January 1st 1899 Jan 1901 and January 1st 1903 The persons elected as additional Associate Justices shall among themselves determine by lot which of the three last mentioned terms each shall have and they shall be commissioned accordingly After said first election all erms except unexpired terms shall be for six years each In eases fin vacancy which causes an unexpired term the same shall be hlled by executive appointment and the person appointed by the Governor shall hold his office until the next regular election and until his successor for the balance of the unexpired term shall have been elected and quabfietj The returns of said special election shall be made to the Secretary of State Curt Appeals shall consist of the judges provided therefor by law at the time of the ratification of this amendment and of such additional judges as the General Assembly shall rom time to time prescribe All terms of the judges of the Court 1 pPea1 gU the expiration of the terms of the judges provided for by law at the time of the ratification of this amendment except unexpired terms shall continue six years and until their successors are qualified The time and manner of electing judges ode of 1 a vacancy which causes an unexpired term shall be the same as are or may be provided for by the laws relating to the election and appointment of Justices of the Supreme Court he Court of Appeals shall have jurisdiction for the trial and corectmn of errors of law from the superior courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such other like courts as have been or may hereafter be established in other cities in all cases in Junsdllon has not been conferred by this Constitution upon the Supreme Court and in such other cases as may hereafter be prescribed by law except that where a case is pending in the tVi Urc Appeals and the Court of Appeals desires instruction from m Jreme Couft may certify the same to the Supreme Court and thereupon a transcript of the record shall be transmitted to the funiiT WkI IFS afteihaving rded to the parties an opportunity to be heard thereon shall instruct the Court of Appeals on the question so certified and the Court of Appeals shall be bound by the 235 Art 6 Sec 2 Par 9 instructions so given But if by reason of equal division of opinion among the Justices of the Supreme Court no such instruction is given the Court of Appeals may decide the question The manner of certifying questions to the Supreme Court by the Court of Appeals and the subsequent proceedings in regard to the same in the Supreme Court shall be as the Supreme Court shall by its rules prescribe until otherwise provided by law No affirmance of the judgment of the court below in cases pending in the Court of Appeals shall result from delay in disposing of questions or cases certified from the Court of Appeals to the Supreme Court or as to which such certificate has been required by the Supreme Court as hereinbefore provided All writs of error in the Supreme Court or the Court of Appeals when received by its clerk during a term of the court and before the docket of the term is by order of the court closed shall be entered thereon and when received at any other time shall be entered on the docket of the next term and they shall stand for hearing at the term for which they are so entered under such rules as the court may prescribe until otherwise provided by law The Court of Appeals shall appoint a clerk and a sheriff of the court The reporter of the Supreme Court shall be the reporter of the Court of Appeals until otherwise provided by law The laws relating to the Supreme Court as to qualifications and salaries of judges the designation of other judges to preside when members of the court are disqualified the powers duties salaries fees and terms of officers the mode of carrying cases to the court the powers practice procedure times of sitting and costs of the court the publication of reports of cases decided therein and in all other respects except as otherwise provided in this Constitution or by the laws as to the Court of Appeals at the time of the ratification of this amendment and until otherwise provided by law shall apply to the Court of Appeals so far as they can be made to apply The decisions of the Supreme Court shall bind the Court of Appeals as precedents Section III Paragraph I There shall be a judge of the superior courts for each judicial circuit whose term of office shall be four years and until his successor is qualified He may act in other circuits when authorized by law The legislature shall have authority to add one or more additional judges of the superior court for any judicial circuit in this State and shall have authority to regulate the manner in which the judges of such circuits shall dispose of the business thereof and shall fix the time at which the term or terms of office of such additional judge or judges shall begin and the manner o his appointment or election and shall have authority from to time to add to the number of such judges in any judicial circuit or to reduce the number of judges in any judicial circuit Provided that at all times there shall be at least one judge m every judicial circuit of this State 236 Art 6 Sec 3 Par 2 Par II The successors to the present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly of the whole State at the general election held for such members next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Provided that the successors for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall be elected by the General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years Par III Th terms of the judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their election Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointments of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected Section IV Paragraph I The superior court shall have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce in criminal cases where the offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement in the penitentiary in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases Par II The General Assembly may confer upon the courts of common law all the powers heretofore exercised by courts of equity in this State Par III Said courts shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases except as hereinafter provided Par IV They shall have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may be provided by law Par V They shall have power to correct errors in inferior judicatories by writ of certiorari which shal lonly issue on the sanction of the judge and said courts and the judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus prohibition scire facias and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall have such other powers as are or may be conferred on them by law Par VI The General Assembly may provide for an appeal from one jury in the superior and city courts to another and the said courts may grant new trials on legal grounds Par VII The court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases founded on unconditional contracts in writing where an issuable defense is not filed under oath or affirmation Par VIII The superior courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law The judges of said courts may on reasonable notice to the parties at any time in vacation at Chambers hear and 237 Art 6 Sec 4 Par 8 determine by interlocutory or final judgment any matter or issue where a jury verdict is not required or may be waived Par IX The General Assembly may provide by law for the appointment of some proper person to preside in cases where the presiding judge is from any cause disqualified Section V Paragraph I In any county within which there is or hereafter may be a city court the judge of said court and of the superior court may preside in the courts of each other in cases where the judge of either court is disqualified to preside Section VI Paragraph I The powers of a court of ordinary and of probate shall be vested in an ordinary for each county from whose decision there may be an appeal or by consent of parties without a decision to the superior court under regulations prescribed by law Par II The courts of ordinary shall have such powers in relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conferred on them by law Par IIA The Court of Ordinary shall have jurisdiction to issue warrants try cases and impose sentence thereon in all misdemeanor cases arising under that Act known as the Georgia State Highway Patrol Act of 1937 and other traffic laws of the State in all counties of this State in which there is no city or county court provided the defendant waives a jury trial Like jurisdiction is also conferred upon the Judges of the Police Courts of incorporated cities and Municipal Court Judges for offenses arising within their respective jurisdiction Par III The ordinary shall hold his office for the term of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified Section VII Paragraph I There shall be in each militia district one justice of the peace whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be four years provided however that the General Assembly may in its discretion abolish justice courts and the office of justice of the peace and of notarypublic exofficio justice of the peace in any city of this State having a population of over twenty thousand and establish in lieu thereof such court or courts or system of courts as the General Assembly may in its discretion deem necessary conferring upon such new court or courts or system of courts when so established the jurisdiction as to subjectmatter now exercised by justice courts and by justices of the peace and notaries public exofficio justices of the peace together with such additional 238 Art 6 Sec 7 Par 1 jurisdiction either as to amount or subjectmatter as may be provided by law whereof some other court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitution together with such provision as to rules and procedure in such courts and as to new trials and the correction of errors in and by said courts and with such further provision for the correction of errors by the Superior Court or Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or authorize Any court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down in Paragraph 1 of Section 9 of Article 6 of the Constitution of Georgia And provided however that the General Assembly in its discretion may abolish justice courts and the office of justice of the peace and notary public exofficio justice of the peace in any county in this State having within its borders a city having a population of over twenty thousand and establish in lieu thereof such court or courts or system of courts as the General Assembly may in its discretion deem necessary or conferring upon existing courts by extension of their jurisdiction the jurisdiction as to subjectmatter now exercised by justice courts and by justices of the peace and notaries public exofficio justices of the peace together with such additional jurisdiction either as to amount or to subjectmatter as may be provided by law whereof some other court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitution together also with such provisions as to rules and procedure in such courts and as to new trials and the correction of errors in and by said courts and with such further provision for the correction of errors by the Superior Court or the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or authorize The Municipal Court of Atlanta shall have jurisdiction in Fulton County and outside the city limits of Atlanta either concurrently with or supplemental to or in lieu of justice courts as may be now or hereafter provided by law Any court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down in Paragraph 1 of Section 9 of Article 6 of the Constitution of Georgia Par II Justices of the Peace shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases arising excontractu and in cases of injury or damage to personal property when the principal sum does not exceed two hundred dollars and shall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may be an appeal to a jury in said Court or an appeal to the Superior Court under such regulation as may be prescribed by law Par III Justices of the Peace shall be elected by the legal voters in their respective districts and shall be commissioned by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office 239 Art 6 Sec 8 Par 1 Section VIII Paragraph I Commissioned notaries public not to exceed one for each militia district may be appointed by the judges of superior courts in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries of the several counties They shall be commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall be exofficio justices of fhe peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office Section IX Paragraph I The jurisdiction powers proceedings and practice of all courts or officers invested with judicial powers except city courts of the same grade or class so far as regulated by law and the force and effect of the process judgment and decree by such courts severally shall be uniform This uniformity must be established by the General Assembly Section X Paragraph I There shall be an attorneygeneral of this State wjio shall be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor Par II It shall be the duty of the attorneygeneral to act as the legal adviser of the executive department to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all capital felonies and in all civil and criminal cases in any court when required by the Governor and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law Section XI Paragraph I There shall be a solicitorgeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except to fill a vacancy shall be four years The successors of present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the whole State qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointment ofthe Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected Provided that the successors for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall be elected by the General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years Par II It shall be the duty of the solicitorgeneral to represent the State in all cases in the superior courts of his circuit and in all cases taken up from his circuit to the Supreme Court and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law 240 Art 6 Sec 13 Par 1 Section XIII Paragraph I The Justices of the Supreme Court each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 7000 per annum the Judges of the Court of Appeals each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 7000 per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts each shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries of 5000 per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the solicitorsgeneral each shall have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any case arising after the adoption of this Constitution Ten amendments of local interest only omitted here but cited on page 269 Par II The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such change shall affect the officers then in commission Provided however that the General Assembly shall have power at any time by a majority vote of each branch to abolish the judicial fees at present accruing to the office of solicitorgeneral in any particular judicial circuit and in lieu thereof to prescribe a salary for such office in addition to the salary prescribed in paragraph I of this section of this article and without regard to the uniformity of such salaries in the various circuits and shall have the further power to determine what disposition shall be made of the fines forfeitures and fees accruing to the office of solicitorgeneral in any such judicial circuit where the fees are abolished Section XIV Paragraph I No person shall be judge of the Supreme or superior courts or attorneygeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years and shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and have practiced law for seven years and no person shall be hereafter elected solicitorgeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained twentyfive years of age shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his election Section XV Paragraph I No total divorce shall be granted except on the concurrent verdicts of two juries at different terms of the court Par II When a divorce is granted the jury rendering the final verdict shall determine the rights and disabilities of the parties Section XII superseded by other sections Art 6 Sec 16 Par 1 Section XVI Paragraph I Divorce cases shall be brought in the county where the defendant resides if a resident of this State if the defendant be not a resident of this State then in the county in which the plaintiff resides Par II Cases respecting titles to land shall be tried in the county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by a county line in which case the superior court in either county shall have jurisdiction Par III Equity cases shall be tried in the county where a defendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed Par IV Suits against joint obligors joint promissors copartners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried in either county Par V Suits against the maker and indorser of promissory notes or drawer acceptor and endorser of foreign or inland bills of exchange or like instruments residing in different counties shall be brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides Par VI All other civil cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall be tried in the county where the crime was committed except cases in the superior courts where the judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot be obtained in such county Section XVII Paragraph I The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the superior courts to be exercised in such manner as has been or shall be provided by law Section XVIII Paragraph I The right of trial by jury except where it is otherwise provided in this Constitution shall remain inviolate but the General Assembly may prescribe any number not less than five to constitute a trial or traverse jury in courts other than the superior and city courts Par II The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most experienced intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors Par III It shall be the duty oi the General Assembly by general laws to prescribe the manner of fixing compensation of jurors in all counties in this State Section XIX Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have power to pro 242 Art 6 Sec 19 Par 1 vide for the creation of county commissioners in such counties as may require them and to define their duties Section XX Paragraph I All courts not specially mentioned by name in the first section of this article may be abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly Section XXI Paragraph I The costs in the Supreme Court shall not exceed ten dollars until otherwise provided by law Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said court when the usual pauper oath is filed in the court below ARTICLE VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Section I Paragraph I The powers of taxation over the whole State shall be exercised by the General Assembly for the following purposes only For the support of the State government and the public institutions For educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only To pay the interest on the public debt To pay the principal of the public debt To suppress insurrection to repel invasion and defend the State in time of war To supply the soldiers who lost a limb or limbs in the military service of the Confederate States with substantial artificial limbs during life and make suitable provisions for such Confederate soldiers as may have been otherwise disabled or permanently injured in such service or who may by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty be unable to provide a living for themselves and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from wounds received therein or disease contracted in the service or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselvesProvided that the Act shall only apply to such widows as were married at the time of such service and have remained unmarried since the death of such soldier husband 243 Art 7 Sec 1 Par 1 To make provisions for the payment of pensions to any exConfederate soldier residing in thisState January 1 1920 who enlisted in the military service of the Confederate States during the Civil War between the States of the United States and who performed actual military services in the armies of the Confederate States or of the organized militia of this State and was honorably discharged therefrom and to widows now residents of this State of exConfederate soldiers who enlisted in the military service of the Confederate States and who performed actual service in the armies of the Confederate States or of the organized militia of this State who died in said military service or were honorably discharged therefrom who were married prior to January 1 1920 No widow of a soldier killed during the war shall be deprived of her pension by reason of having subsequently married another veteran who is dead unless she is receiving a pension on account of being the widow of such second husband Any soldier doing service in the Confederate army whether he belonged to the Confederate army or whether he belonged to the militia of any Confederate State and served with the Confederate army shall be eligible to draw a pension To construct and maintain a system of State highways To authorize the levy of taxes for and to make provision for the payment of old age assistance to aged persons in need and for the payment of assistance to the needy blind and to dependent children and other welfare benefits provided that no person shall be entitled to the assistance herein authorized who does not qualify for such provisions in every respect in accordance with enactments of the General Assembly which may be in force and effect prescribing the qualifications for beneficiaries hereunder Provided no indebtedness against the State shall ever be created for the purpose herein stated in excess of the taxes lawfully levied each fiscal year under acts of the General Assembly authorized hereunder To advertise and promote the agricultural industrial historic recreational and natural resources facilities and assets of the State of Georgia through any office or agency which may be created or designated by the General Assembly to carry out said purposes Par II The levy of taxes on property for any one year by the General Assembly for all purposes except to provide for repelling invasion suppressing insurrection or defending the State in time of war shall not exceed five mills on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in the State Section II Paragraph I All taxes shall be levied and collected under general laws and for public purposes only All taxation shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax Classes of subjects for taxation of property shall 244 Art 7 Sec 2 Par 1 consist of tangible property and one or more classes of intangible personal property including money The General Assembly shall have the power to classify property including money for taxation and to adopt different rates and different methods for different classes of such property Par II The General Assembly may by law exempt from taxation all public property places of religious worship or burial all institutions of purely public charity all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learning and also all funds or property held or used as endowment by such colleges incorporated acadmies or seminaries of learning provided the same is not invested in real estate and provided further that said exemption shall only apply to such colleges incorporated academies or other seminaries of learnng as are open to the general public provided further that all endowments to institutions established for white people shall be limited to white people and all endowments to institutions established for colored people shall be limited to colored people the real and personal estate of any public library and that of any other literary association used by or connected with such library all books and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandise or for purposes of sale or gain provided the property so exempted be not used for purposes of private or corporate profit or income The General Assembly shall further have power to exempt from taxation farm products including baled cotton grown in this State and remaining in the hands of the producers but not longer than for the year next after their production There is hereby exempted of owners beginning January 1 1938 from all ad valorem taxation state county municipal and school district all clothing household and kitchen furniture and all other personal property except as hereafter excepted not to exceed 30000 in actual value Provided the person or persons herein entitiled to exemption shall register such exemption of personality giving a full description thereof upon such forms terms and manner as shall be prescribed by the General Assembly of Georgia Provided further that the value of the property in excess of said exempted personal property shall be subject to taxation as now or hereafter provided by law The words personal property or personalty wherever used in this Bill shall be defined as personal property used and included solely within the home domestic animals tools and implements of trade of manual laborers This exemption shall not include motor vehicles There is hereby exempted from all taxation state county municipal school district and political or territorial subdivision of the state having the authority to levy taxes all cooperative nonprofit membership corporations organized under the laws of this State for the purpose of engaging in rural electrification as defined in Subsection 1 of Section 3 of the Act approved March 30 1937 providing for 245 Art 7 Sec 2 Par 2 their incorporation and all of the real and personal property owned or held by such corporations for such purposes The exemption herein provided for shall expire twenty years from January 1 1942 Par IIA Any person natural or artificial a resident of this State who may after January 1st 1924 build equip establish or enlarge a plant for the manufacture of processing of cotton wool linen silk rubber clay wood metal metallic or nonmetallic mineral or combination of same creamery or cheese plant or for the production or development of electricity may as to such building enlargement or equivalent be exempt from all county incorporated town or city ad valorem taxes for a period of time not exceeding five 5 years from the date of the beginning of the building enlargement or equipment of such plants The legislature is herewith empowered to make provisions for the operation of this paragraph by appropriate legislation provided such exemptions shall be approved by a majority of the electors voting in such county incorporated town or city proposing said exemption Par IIB Macon local provision omitted here but cited on page 270 Par III No polltax shall be levied except for educational purposes and such tax shall not exceed one dollar annually upon each poll Par IV All laws exempting property from taxation other than the property herein enumerated shall be void Par V The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party Par VI All persons or classes of persons who were by laws of force January 1st 1911 required to make returns for taxation to the Comptrollergeneral and all who may hereafter be so required shall on or before the first day of March of each year make such returns as of date of January 1st of that year and shall pay the taxes arising on such returns in favor of the State on or before the first of September of the same year anything heretofore contained in the Constitution or laws of Georgia to the contrary notwithstanding The laws of force on said date governing such returns and payments and the collection and enforcement thereof shall remain of force as applicable to the returns and payments herein required until the same shall be changed by law The General Assembly shall have power to make or alter all laws that may be necessary or proper for enforcing the provisions of this paragraph Par VII Beginning January 1 1938 there shall be exempted from all ad valorem taxation for State county and school purposes the homestead of each resident of this State actually occupied by the owner as a residence and homestead to the value of 2000 and only so long as actually occupied by the owner primarily as such with the exception of taxation to pay interest on and retire bonded 246 Art 7 Sec 2 Par 7 indebtedness x Such value to be determined in such manner and according to such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by law That the General Assembly may from time to time as the condition of fiscal affairs of the State counties or schools may warrant lower said exemption to not less than 125000 Section III Paragraph I No debt shall be contracted by or on behalf of the State except to supply such temporary deficit as may exist in the treasury in any year from necessary delay in collecting the taxes of that year to repel invasion suppress insurrection and defend the State in time of war or to pay the existing public debt but the debt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall not exceed in the aggregate five hundred thousand dollars and any loan made for this purpose shall be repaid out of the taxes levied for the year in which the loan was made However said debt may be increased in the sum of 3500000 for the payment of the publicschool teachers of the State only The principal amount borrowed for payment of teachers to be repaid each year out of the common school appropriation and the interest paid thereon to be paid each year out of the general funds of the State Section IV Paragraph I All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of the State shall specify the purpose for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for the purpose specified and for no other Section V Paragraph I The credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual company corporation or association and the State shall not become a joint owner or stockholder in any company association or corporation Section VI Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not authorize any county municipal corporation or political division of this State to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restriction shall not operate to prevent the support of schools by municipal corporations within their respective limits Provided that if any municipal corporation shall offer to the State any property for locating or building a capitol and the State accepts such offer the corporation may comply with such offer Three amendments of local interest only omitted here but cited on pages 270 and 271 247 Art 7 Sec 6 Par 2 Par II The General Assembly shall not have power to delegate to any county the right to levy a tax for any purpose except for educational purposes to build and repair the public buildings and bridges to maintain and support prisoners to pay jurors and coroners and for litigation quarantine roads and expenses of courts to support paupers and pay debts heretofore existing to pay the county police and to provide for necessary sanitation and for the collection and preservation of records of birth death disease and health to pay county agricultural and home demonstration agents to provide for payment of old age assistance to aged persons in need and for the payment of assistance to the needy blind and to dependent children and other welfare benefits provided that no person shall be entitled to the assistance herein authorized who does not qualify in every respect in accordance with enactments of the General Assembly which may be in force and effect prescribing the qualifications for beneficiaries hereunder and to provide for fire protection of forest lands and for the further conservation of natural resources to provide medical or other care and hospitalization for the indigent sick people of the county Six amendments of local interest only omitted here but cited on page 271 Par Ill a Any city town municipality or county of this State may contract for any period not exceeding thirty years with each other or with any public agency public corporation or Authority now or hereafter created for the use by such subdivisions or the residents thereof of any facilities or services of any such city town municipality county public agency public corporation or Authority provided such contracts shall deal with such activities and transactions as such subdivisions are by law authorized to undertake b Any city town municipality or county of this State is empowered in connection with any contracts authorized by the preceding paragraph to convey to any public agency public corporation or Authority now or hereafter created existing facilities operated by such city town municipality or county for the benefit of residents of such subdivisions provided the land buildings and equipment so conveyed shall not be mortgaged or pledged to secure obligations of ahy such public agency public corporations or Authority and provided such facilities are to be maintained and operated by such public agency public corporation or Authority for the same purposes for which such facilities were operated by such city town municipality or county Nothing in this Section shall restrict the pledging of revenues of such facilities by any public agency public corporation or Authority Not added to the text of the proposing resolutions Ga Laws 193738 pp 28 39 reciting how the paragraph as amended should read but nevertheless properly submitted and ratified 248 Art 7 Sec 6 Par 3 c Any city town municipality or county of this State or any combination of th same may contract with any public agency public corporation or Authority for the care maintenance and hospitalization of its indigent sick and may as a part of such contract obligate itself to pay for the cost of acquisition construction modernization or repairs of necessary buildings and facilities by such public agency public corporation or Authority and provide for the payment of such services and the cost to such public agency public corporation or Authority of acquisition construction modernization or repair of buildings and facilities from revenues realized by such city town municipality or county from any taxes authorized by the Constitution of this State or revenues derived from any other sources Section VII Paragraph I The debt hereafter incurred by any county municipal corporation or political division of this State except as in this Constitution provided for shall not exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein and no such county municipality or division shall incur any new debt except for temporary loan or loans to supply casual deficiencies of revenue not to exceed onefifth of one per centum of the assessed value of taxable property therein without the assent of twothirds of the qualified voters thereof voting at an election for that purpose to be held as may be prescribed by law provided said twothirds so voting shall be a majority of the registered voters and provided further that all laws charter provisions and ordinances heretofore passed or enacted providing special registration of the voters of counties municipal corporations and other political division of this State to pass upon the issuance of bonds by such counties municipal corporations and other political divisions are hereby declared to be null and void and the General Assembly shall hereafter have no power to pass or enact any law providing for such special registration but the validity of any and all bond issues by such counties municipal corporations or other political divisions made prior to January 1st 1918 shall not be affected hereby but any city the debt of which does not exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property at the time of the adoption of this Constitution may be authorized by law to increase at any time the amount of said debt three per centum upon such assessed valuation One hundred and twentyfive amendments of local interest only omitted here but cited on pages 271273 Par II Any county municipal corporation or political division of this State which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provisions of this Constitution shall at or before the time of so doing provide for the assessment and collection of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness 249 Art 7 Sec 8 Par 1 Section VIII Paragraph I The State shall not assume the debt nor any part thereof of any county municipal corporation or political subdivision of the State unless such debt be contracted to enable the State to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war provided however that all indebtedness of the several counties of this State as well as that of the Coastal Highway District and the assessments made against the counties of said district heretofore incurred for the construction andor paving of the public roads or highways including bridges of the State as contemplated and defined by Article Six Section One of the Act approved Aug 18 1919 as said section appears on page 252 of the Georgia Laws of 1919 which were a part of the State Aid roads of the Highway System of Georgia and said work was done under the supervision of the Highway Department is hereby assumed by the State of Georgia as an indebtedness of the State The word indebtedness as used herein shall include the actual cost of the construction andor paving by any county of the State as well as any highway district created by law of any public road or highway also bridges expended under the supervision of the State Highway Department And provided further that the indebtedness of the aforesaid political subdivisions of this State shall be evidenced by certificates of indebtedness issued or to be issued by the State Highway Department of Georgia for the cost of the construction andor paving by any county of the State as well as any highway district created by law of any public road or highway also bridges and provided further that such construction andor paving was done or contract or agreement made for same to be done prior to Sept 1 1931 And provided further that said indebtedness as evidenced by said certificates of indebtedness of the Highway Department shall be paid without interest thereon solely out of the revenues andor taxes levied assessed and allocated to the State Highway Department of Georgia or to any department which by law may be made the successor of the Highway Department for the public roads and highways of the State Aid system of roads and highways and such payment to be made at the rate of not less than ten per cent per annum of the total of such outstanding indebtedness and such payment to begin March 25 1936 and to continue annually thereafter until all of such outstanding indebtedness shall have been paid The General Assembly of the State of Georgia is hereby vested with authority to enact laws for the purpose of effectually carrying out the foregoing provisions and the provisions of existing laws with reference to the preferential construction by the Highway Department of highways from county site to county site The Governor of the State of Georgia may as soon after the ratification of this constitutional provision as is convenient issue in the name of the State of Georgia and under its Seal Highway Refunding Bonds in the sum of 265000000 payable March 15 1946 250 Art 7 Sec 8 Par 1 and same shall be sold by the Governor for the purpose of refunding to the State Highway Department that amount paid on State of Georgia Highway Department Refunding Certificates coming due and paid by the State Highway Department on March 25 1939 On March 15th 1940 the Governor may issue in like manner Highway Refunding Bonds in the sum of 265000000 payable March 15th 1947 for the purpose of paying said State Highway Certificates coming due March 25th 1940 On March 15 1941 the Governor may issue in like manner Highway Refunding Bonds in the sum of 265000000 payable March 15th 1948 for the purpose of paying said State Highway Certificates due March 25th 1941 All of such Highway Refunding Bonds shall be a direct obligation of the State shall be issued in denominations of 100000 each and shall be paid from revenue andor taxes levied issued and allocated to the State Highway Department or to any Department which by law may be the successor to the Highway Department and the taxes and revenue shall continue to be levied issued allocated and appropriated to said Highway Department or its successors and shall be collected in amounts sufficient to pay the said Refunding Bonds principal and interest as the same become due said Refunding Bonds shall hear interest at 2 per annum payable semiannually from the funds allocated to the State Highway Department on the 1st days of September and March until the maturity of the said Refunding Bonds respectively No Bond shall be sold at less than par Section IX Paragraph I The receiving directly or indirectly by any officer of the State or county or member or officer of the General Assembly of any interest profits or prequisites arising from the use or loan of public funds in his hands or monies to be raised through his agency for State or county purposes shall be deemed a felony and punishable as may be prescribed by law a part of which punishment shall be a disqualification from holding office Section X Paragraph I Municipal corporations shall not incur any debt until provision therefor shall have been made by the municipal government Section XI Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money either directly or indirectly to pay the whole or any part of the principal or interest of the bonds or other obligations which have been pronounced illegal null and void by the General Assembly and the constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of 251 Art 7 Sec 11 Par 1 the people on the first day of May 1877 nor shall the General Assembly have authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late war between the States nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or other State official enter into any contract or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in any court of this State or of the United States instituted to test the validity of any such bonds or obligations Section XII Paragraph I The bonded debt of the State shall never be increased except to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend the State in time of war Section XIII Paragraph I The proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Macon and Brunswick or other railroads held by the State and any other property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or any part thereof shall be applied to the payment of the bonded debt of the State and shall not be used for any other purpose whatever so long as the State has any existing bonded debt Provided that the proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in preference to all other bonds Section XIV Paragraph I The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses and interest on the public debt the sum of one hundred thousand dollars which shall be held as a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not yet maturd and shall be applied to no other purpose whatever If the bonds cannot at any time be purchased at or below par then the sinking fund herein provided for may be loaned by the Governor and Treasurer of the State Provided the security which shall be demanded for said loan shall consist only of the valid bonds of the State but this section shall not take effect until the eight per cent currency bonds issued under the Act of February the 19th 1873 shall have been paid Section XV Paragraph I The ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall each make to the Governor a quarterly report of the financial condition 252 Art 7 Sec 15 Par 1 of the State which report shall include a statement of the assets liabilities and income of the State and expenditures therefor for the three months preceding and it shall be the duty of the Governor to carefully examine the same by himself or through competent persons connected with his department and cause an abstract thereof to be published for the information of the people which abstract shall be indorsed by him as having been examined Section XVI Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not by vote resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of any person corporation or association Par II The General Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after the service has been rendered or the contract entered into Section XVII Paragraph I The office of the State printer shall cease with the expiration of the term of the present incumbent and the General Assembly shall provide by law for letting the public printing to the lowest responsible bidder or bidders who shall give adequate and satisfactory security for the faithful performance thereof No member of the General Assembly or other public officer shall be interested either directly or Indirectly in any such contract ARTICLE VIII Education Section I Paragraph I There shall be a thorough system of common schools for the education of the children as nearly uniform as practicable the expense of which shall be provided for by taxation or otherwise The schools shall be free to all children of the State but separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races Section II Paragraph I There shall be a State School Superintendent elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in th same manner as the Governor who shall hold his office until his successor is elected and qualified His office shall be at the seat of government and he shall be paid a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum The General Assembly may substitute for the State School Superintendent such officer or officers as may be deemed necessary to perfect the system of public education 253 Art 8 Sec 3 Par 1 Section III Paragraph I The poll tax any educational fund now belonging to the State except the endowment of and debt due to the University of Georgia a special tax on shows and exhibitions and on the sale of spirituous and malt liquors which the General Assembly is hereby authorized to assess and the proceeds of any commutation tax for military service and all taxes that may be assessed on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive to other property are hereby set apart and devoted for the support of common schools Section IV Paragraph I Authority is granted to counties and to municipal corporations upon the recommendation of the corporate authority to establish and maintain public schools in their respective limits by local taxation The proper county authorities whose duty it is to Levy taxes for county purposes in this State shall on the recommendation of the board of education assess and collect taxes for the support of the public schools under its control not less than one or more than five mills on the dollar of all taxable property of the county outside of independent local systems which shall be distributed equitably according to the school population tax values the number of teachers and their grade of license among the public schools therein An additional levy to that already allowed not to exceed five mills shall be permissible in independent local systems municipalities or school districts on a twothirds vote of those voting No additional election shall be required to maintain any local school tax now in existence in districts counties or municipalities providedthis paragraph shall not apply to counties having a local school system of taxation adopted prior to the Constitution of 1877 Four amendments of local interest only omitted here but cited on page 274 Provided also that authority is hereby given to two or more local school districts any one or more of which may have incurred a bonded indebtedness to consolidate upon the condition that such bonded indebtedness outstanding shall be assumed by the entire district as consolidated provided however before such consolidation shall become effective the same shall be approved by the vote of twothirds of the qualified voters of each district affected at separate elections held for that purpose on the recommendations of the respective boards of trustees under the same terms and conditions as to advertisement as bond elections by school districts the tickets for said elections to have written or printed thereon For Consolidation with Bonded District or Against Consolidation with Bonded District and in the event said elections result in favor of said consolidation the result shall be so declared by the Boards of Trustees of said districts and thereafter the indebtedness outstanding against any 254 Art 8 Sec 4 Par 1 one or more of said districts shall be a valid outstanding indebtedness of the district as consolidated and taxes for the payment of said indebtedness shall be levied accordingly Provided however county boards of education independent school systems and local school districts may contract with each other for the education transportation and care of children of school age Section V Paragraph I Existing local school systems shall not be affected by this Constitution Nothing contained in first section of this article shall be construed to deprive schools of this State not common schools from participation in the educational fund of the State as to all pupils therein taught in the elementary branches of an English education Section VI Paragraph I The trustees of the University of Georgia may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of said University In addition to the payment of the annual interest on the debt due by the State to the University th General Assembly shall from time to time make such appropriations to the University and high schools as the condition of the treasury authorizes ARTICLE IX Homestead and Exemption Section I Paragraph I There shall be exempt from levy and sale by virtue of any process whatever under the laws of this State except as hereinafter excepted of the property of every head of a family or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children on every aged or infirm person or person having the care and support of dependent females of any age who is not the head of a family realty or personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars Section II Paragraph I No court or ministerial officer of this State shall ever have jurisdiction or authority to enforce any judgment execution or decree against the property set apart for such purpose including such improvements as may be made thereon from time to time except for taxes for the purchasemoney of the same for labor done thereon for material furnished therefor or for the removal of incumbrances thereon 255 Art 9 Sec 3 Par 1 Section III Paragraph L The debtor shall have power to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in this Article except as to wearing apparel and not exceeding three hundred dollars worth of household and kitchen furniture and provisions to be selected by himself and his wife if any and he shall not after it is set apart alienate or encumber the property so exempted but it may be sold by the debtor and his wife if any jointly with the sanction of the judge of the superior court of the county where the debtor resides or the land is situated the proceeds to be reinvested upon the same uses Section IV Paragraph I The General Assembly shall provide by law as early as practicable for the setting apart and valuation of said property But nothing in this Article shall be construed to affect or repeal the existing laws for exemption of property from sale contained in the present Code of this State in paragraphs 2040 to 2049 inclusive and the Acts amendatory thereto It may be optional with the applicant to take either but not both of such exemptions Section y Paragraph I The debtor shall have authority to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in section four except as it is excepted in section three of this article Section VI Paragraph I The applicant shall at any time have the right to supplement his exemption by adding to an amount already set apart which is less than the whole amount of exemption herein allowed a sufficiency to make his exemption equal to the whole amount Section VII Paragraph I Homesteads and exemptions of personal property which have beenheretofore set apart by virtue of the provisions of the existing Constitution of this State and in accordance with the laws for the enforcement thereof or which may be hereafter so set apart at any time shall be and remain valid as against all debts and liabilities existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution to the same extent that they would have been had said existing Constitution not been revised Section VIII Paragraph I Rights which have become vested under previously existing laws shall not be affected by anything herein contained In 256 Art 9 Sec 8 Par 1 all cases in which homesteads have been set apart under the Constitution of 1868 and the laws made in pursuance thereof and a bna fide sale of such property has been subsequently made and the full purchaseprice thereof has been paid all right of exemption in such property by reason of its having been so set apart shall cease in so far as it affects the right of the purchaser In all such cases where a part only of the purchaseprice has been paid such transactions shall be governed by the laws now of force in this State in so far as they affect the rights of the purchaser as though said property had not been set apart Section IX Paragraph I Parties who have taken a homestead of realty under the Constitution of eighteen hundred and sixtyeight shall have the right to sell said homestead and reinvest the same by order of the judge of the superior courts of this State ARTICLE X Militia Section I Paragraph I A well regulated militia being essential to the peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law how the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained armed and equipped and of whom it shall consist Par II The General Assembly shall have power to authorize the formation of volunteer companies and to provide for their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same Par III The officersand men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State ARTICLE XI Counties and County Officers Section I Paragraph I Each county shall be a body corporate with such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by law All suits by or against a county shall be in the name thereof and the metes and bounds of the several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided Three amendments of local interest only omitted here but cited on Page 274 257 Art 11 Sec 1 Pax Par II There shall not be more than one hundred and fortyfive countiesin this State Text of amendments creating sixteen new counties omitted Creating Acts cited on Page 69 of this compilation Number of counties now 159 by consolidation of Fulton Milton and Campbell counties Par IIA The General Assembly shall have the power to consolidate and combine all governmental functions and powers now vested in and exercised by cities and municipalities having a population of more than 52900 according to the Federal Census of 1920 with the governmental functions and powers now vested in and exercised by the authorities of the county in which such cities or municipalities are situated to create designate and give a name to political subdivisions composed of the entire area of such counties to vest in and confer upon such subdivisions such authority and power as may be conferred upon municipalities or counties or both under existing laws to abolish any and all offices now existing under the charters of any such municipalities and also to abolish the offices of tax collectors and tax receivers in any such counties to create new offices for purpose of exercising and carrying out the powers to be vested in such political subdivisions and powers and duties formerly appertaining to such offices so abolished add the powers and duties formerly exercised by such counties and such municipalities all without regard to the uniformity of the powers duties and compensation appertaining to the offices so created in other municipalities other counties or other political subdivisions hereby authorized to divide such political subdivisions into districts to fix a maximum rate of ad valorem taxation to be levied by authority of such political subdivisions within the various districts without regard to the uniformity of the rate also to consolidate and combine any and all school systems and school districts now existing in any such cities or municipalities and counties into one system covering the entire area of the counties to be governed and controlled under the provisions of the Act creating the political subdivisions hereby authorized regardless of the method of control of schools or school systems in other counties or municipalities The powers herein granted shall not be extended to cities municipalities or towns and cities and towns and municipalities the corporate limits of which are included within more than one county nor shall said powers herein granted be extended to the counties in which said cities or towns or municipalities and cities and towns and municipalities are located The General Assembly in exercising the powers herein conferred may include in the Act or law any one or more of the powers or provisions herein enumerated and may exclude therefrom any one or more of the powers or provisions herein enumerated This provision of the Constitution shall not be construed to empower the General Assembly to create new counties nor to affect 258 Art 11 Sec 1 Par 2a or change the representatives of any county in the General Assembly Nor shall it be construed to authorize the General Assembly to abolish the offices of clerk of the Superior Court Ordinary Sheriff or Coroner in any of the counties affected by this Act said office being expressly hereby preserved The General Assembly shall not change or abolish any county nor the name thereof which may be affected hereby and in naming the consolidated subdivisions in each case the names of the municipality or municipalties and of the county shall be combined so as to preserve them The General Assembly shall create such political subdivisions by special act or law relating to a particular subdivision but no such act or law shall have any force or effect until the same shall have been ratified by a vote of a majority of the qualified voters voting at a special election in such county to be held not earlier than sixty days after the final passage and approval by the Governor of any such act provided however that the people within the corporate limits of municipalities affected and the people of the county affected outside of the corporate limits shall vote separately and before the Act shall go in effect a majority of those voting in the municipalities separately if more than one municipality is affected and a majority of those voting outside of said municipality or municipalities shall vote in favor of said Act Par III County lines shall not be changed unless under the operation of a general law for that purpose Par IV No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly Par V Any county may be dissolved and merged with contiguous counties by a twothirds vote of the qualified electors of such county voting at an election held for that purpose Par VIVII These paragraphs cover three local provisions and are omitted here but cited on Page 275 Section II Paragraph I The county officers shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties or districts and shall hold their office for four years They shall be removed on conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be eligible to any of the offices referred to in this paragraph unless he shall have been a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter Provided that the provision of this proposed amendment shall not become effective until January 1st 1917 259 Art 11 Sec 3 Par 1 Section III Paragraph I Whatever tribunal or officers may hereafter be created by the General Assembly for the transaction of county matters shall be uniform throughout the State and of the same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for the appointment of commissioners of Roads and Revenues in any county and may abolish the office of County Treasurer in any county or fix the compensation of County Treasurer and such compensation may be fixed without regard to uniformity of such compensation in the various counties And the General Assembly shall also have authority to consolidate the offices and duties of Tax Receiver and Tax Collector in any or all of the counties of the State the official performing the duties of said two offices when so consolidated to be known as County Tax Commissioner and the General Assembly may prescribe the compensation of such County Tax Commissioner or authorize county authorities to fix the same which compensation may be on the basis of fees or salary and may be fixed without regard to uniformity in the various counties and when such compensation is fixed on a salary basis the authority fixing the same shall determine what disposition shall be made of the fees and commissions accruing to each of said offices so consolidated and to provide for the levy and collection of a tax sufficient to pay the salary so fixed Par II An amendment of local interest only omitted here but cited on Page 275 ARTICLE XII The Laws of General Operation in Force in This State Section I Paragraph I The laws of general operation in this State are First as the supreme law The Constitution of the United States the laws of the United States in pursuance thereof and all treaties made under the authority of the United States Par II Second as next in authority thereto this Constitution Par III Third in subordination to the foregoing All laws now in force in this State not inconsistent with this Constitution and the ordinances of this Convention shall remain of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly The tax acts and appropriation acts passed by the General Assembly of 1877 and approved by the Governor of the State and not inconsistent with the Constitution are hereby continued in force until altered by law 260 Art 12 Sec 1 Par 4 Par IV Local and private acts passed for the benefit of counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms Par V All rights privileges and immunities which may have vested in or accrued to any person or persons or corporations in his her or their own right or in any fiduciary capacity under and in virtue of any act of the General Assembly or any judgment decree or order or other proceeding of any court of competent jurisdiction in this State heretofore rendered shall be held inviolate by all courts before which they may be brought in question unless attacked for fraud Par VI All judgments decrees orders and other proceedings of the several courts of this State heretofore made within the limits of their several jurisdictions are hereby ratified and affirmed subject only to reversal by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other proceeding in conformity with the law of force when they were made Par VII The officers of the government now existing shall continue in the exercise of their several functions until their successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified but nothing herein is to apply to any officer whose office may be abolished by this Constitution Par VIII The ordinances of this Convention shall have the force of laws until otherwise provided by the General Assembly except the ordinances in reference to submitting the homestead and Capital question to a vote of the people which ordinances after being voted on shall have the effect of constitutional provisions ARTICLE XIII Amendments to the Constitution Section I Paragraph I Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon And the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional district for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amend 261 Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1 ment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately Par II No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each house of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable Section II I Paragraph I The Constitution shall be submitted for ratification or rejection to the electors of the State at an election to be held on the first Wednesday in December one thousand eight hundred and seventyseven in the several election districts of this State at which election every person shall be entitled to vote who is entitled to vote for the members of the General Assembly under the Constitution and laws of force at the date of such election said election to be held and conducted as is now provided by law for holding elections for members of the General Assembly All persons voting at said election in favor of adopting this Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words For Ratification and all persons opposed to the adoption of this Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words Against Ratification Par II The votes cast at said election shall be consolidated in each of the counties of the State as is now required by law in elections for members of the General Assembly and returns thereof made to the Governor and should a majority of all the votes cast at said election be in favor of ratification he shall declare the said Constitution adopted and make proclamation of the result of said election by publication in one or more newspapers in ach Congressional district of the State but should a majority of the votes cast be against ratification he shall in the same manner proclaim the said Constitution rejected 262 ORDINANCES STATE CAPITAL Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled 1 That the question of the location of the capital of this State be kept out of the Constitution to be adopted by this Convention 2 That at the first general election hereafter held for members of the General Assembly every voter may indorse on his ballot Atlanta or Milledgeville and the one of these places receiving the largest number of votes shall be the capital of the State until changed by the same authority and in the same way that may be provided for the alteration of the Constitution that may be adopted by the Convention whether said Constitution be ratified or rejected And that every person entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly under the present Constitution and laws of this State shall be entitled to vote under this ordinance and in the event of the rejection of said Constitution shall should a majority of votes cast be in favor of Milledgeville then this provision to operate and take effect as an amendment to the present Constitution HOMESTEAD Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same 1 That the article adopted by the Convention on the subject of homestead and exemption shall not form a part of this Constitution except as hereinafter provided 2 At the election held for the ratification or rejection of this Constitution it shall be lawful for each voter to have written or printed on his ballot the words Homestead of 1877 or the words Homestead of 1868 3 In the event that a majority of the ballots so cast have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1877 then said article so adopted by this Convention shall form a part of the Constitution submitted if the same is ratified but in event that said Constitution so submitted shall not be ratified then the article on homestead and exemptions so adopted as aforesaid by this Convention shall supersede Article Seventh of the Constitution of 1868 on the subject of homestead and exemptions and form a part of this Constitution 4 If a majority of the ballots so cast as aforesaid shall have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1868 then Article Seventh of the Constitution of 1868 shall supersede the article on homestead and exemptions adopted by this Convention and shall be incorporated in and form a part of the Constitution so submitted and ratified 263 ORDINANCES JUDICIAL CIRCUITS There shall be sixteen judicial circuits in this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to organize and proportion the same in such manner as to equalize the business and labor of the judges in said several circuits as far as may be practicable But the General Assembly shall have power hereafter to reorganize increase or diminish the number of circuits Provided however that the circuits shall remain as now organized until changed by law SIGNING AND RATIFICATION Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled 1 That the Constitution as adopted and revised be enrolled and signed by the officers and members of this Convention 2 That the Governor shall issue his proclamation ordering an election for members of the General Assembly and a vote upon the ratification or rejection of this Constitution as therein provided and a vote upon the capital and homestead questions as provided by the ordinances of this Convention Read and adopted in Convention August 25th 1877 Attest C J JENKINS President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary VOID BONDS NOT TO BE PAID Neither the General Assembly nor any other authority or officer of this State shall ever have power to pay or recognize as legal or in any sense valid or binding upon the State any direct bonds or currency bonds gold bonds or the States alleged guaranty or indorsement or any railroad bonds or any other bonds guaranties or indorsements heretofore declared to be illegal fraudulent or void by act or resolution of the legislature of the State or that may be declared illegal fraudulent or void by act or resolution of the legislature originating this amendment viz The State gold bonds issued under the Act of October 17th 1870 in aid of the Brunswick and Albany Railroad Company the currency bonds issued under the Act of August 27th 1870 the quarterly gold bonds issued under the Act of September 15th 1870 which are enumerated in the Act of August 23rd 1872 the indorsement of the State upon the bonds of the Brunswick and Albany Railroad Company made under the Act of March 18th 1869 the indorsement of the State upon the bonds of the Carters ville and Van Wert Railroad Company and of the Cherokee Railroad Company the indorsement of the State upon the 264 ORDINANCES bonds of the Bainbridge Cuthbert and Columbus Railroad Company and all other bonds guaranties or indorsements declared illegal fraudulent or void as herein provided Nor shall any General Assembly ever have power to provide for the reindorsement of such railroad bonds or to place the States guaranty upon the same or to provide for the indorsement or guaranty by the State ofany new bonds issued in lieu of or to pay off or retire such railroad bonds by any railroad company or to issue bonds of the State to such railroad companies or other persons in payment or in lieu of such indorsed bonds or other bonds herein declared illegal or to lend the aid or credit of the State by any act resolution or law to such railroad companies or to other incorporated companies or persons acquiring or succeeding to the rights and franchises of said companies or to buy the railroads of such companies or to submit the question of the liability of the State upon any of the bonds or indorsements upon bonds or other guaranty herein declared illegal fraudulent and void or upon any claim for money advanced upon said bonds indorsements or guaranties or expended by said companies or other person in and about the construction of said railroads to the decision of any court tribunal or person whatever or to pay assume or secure directly or indirectly by any act resolution or law any money advanced or claimed to have been advanced on the bonds indorsements or guaranties herein declared invalid 265 LEGISLATIVE PROPOSALS TO AMEND THE CONSTITUTION OF 1877 Art 2 Sec 1 Par 18 Qualifications of electors and registration of voters A 1907 47 No record found of submission A 1908 27 Ratified Oct 7 1908 A 1931 102 Ratified Nov 8 1932 Relates only to Par 3 Art 3 Sec 2 Par 1 Increasing Senatorial A 1918 84 A 1921 86 A 1931 106 A 1937 28 Art 3 Sec 3 Par 1 Membership House c A 1904 48 A 1908 31 A 1914 36 A 1918 87 A 1920 55 Art 3 Sec 4 Par Terms of members A 1914 45 Districts Ratified Nov 5 1918 Defeated Nov 7 1922 Defeated Nov 8 1932 Ratified June 8 1937 Representatives fixed Ratified Oct 5 1904 Ratified Oct 7 1908 Ratified Nov 3 1914 Ratified Nov 5 1918 Ratified Nov 2 1920 1 of General Assembly Ratified Nov 3 1914 Art 3 Sec 4 Par 3 2 Annual legislative sessions A 18901 55 Ratified Oct 5 1892 Sessions changed from October to July A 1893 20 No record found of submission Biennial sessions A 1924 31 Ratified Nov 4 1924 Dates of sessions and officers terms A 1931 1053 Ratified Nov 8 1932 Annual sessions A 1941 90 Defeated June 3 1941 Art 3 2 Sec 4 Par 6 Length of legislative sessions A 18901 56 Ratified Oct 5 1892 Art 3 Sec 5 Par 2 LieutenantGovernor to be President of the Senate A 1935 1233 Defeated Nov 3 1936 Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7 Local legislative bills A 18889 37 No record found of submission A 18901 57 Ratified Oct 5 1892 266 Art 3 Sec 7 Par 15 Special and local legislative powers withdrawn A 18845 33 Ratified Oct 6 1886 Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18 Granting of corporate powers A 18901 59 Ratified Oct 5 1892 A 1912 27 Ratified Nov 5 1912 Art 3 Sec 7 Par 25 Zoning planning laws A 1927 127 Ratified Noy 6 1928 A 1935 1234 Ratified Nov 3 1936 A 1937 1132 1139 1137 Ratified June 8 1937 Art 3 Sec 7 Par 26 Zoning laws counties of Glynn Fulton Chatham Bibb Barrow and Colquitt A 1929 148 Defeated Nov 4 1930 A 1937 24 Ratified June 8 1937 A 1937 1135 Ratified June 8 1937 Art 3 Sec 9 Par 1 Legislative per diem A 1918 89 Ratified Nov 5 1918 Art 5 Sec 1 Par 2 Changing terms of Constitutional officers A 1935 1243 Defeated Nov 3 1936 A 1941 86 Ratified June 3 1941 Art 5 Sec 1 Par 3 Election for Governor A 1941 86 Ratified June 3 1941 Art 5 Sec 1 Par 8 Providing for a LieutenantGovernor A 1935 1231 Defeated Nov 3 1936 Art 5 Sec 1 Par 13 Selfconvening extra sessions Legislature A 1937 1114 Ratified June 8 1937 Art 5 6 Sec 1 Par 19 Governors clerical force A 1918 93 Ratified Nov 5 1918 Art 5 Sec 2 Par 2 Treasurers and assistants salaries A 1918 91 Ratified Nov 5 1918 Duties and expenses Constitutional officers A 1927 121 Ratified Nov 6 1928 267 Art 6 Sec 1 Par 1 Establishing Court of Appeals A 1906 24 Ratified Nov 6 1906 Art 6 Sec 2 Par 1 Supreme Court Justices A 18867 25 Defeated Oct 3 1888 A 1893 17 No record found of submission Art 6 Sec 2 Par 2 Choice of substitute judges A 1937 33 Ratified June 8 1937 Art 6 Sec 2 Par 5 Supreme Court jurisdiction A 1906 24 Ratified Nov 6 1906 A 1916 19 Ratified Nov 7 1916 Art 6 Sec 2 Par 6 Procedure in delayed casefiling in Supreme Court A 1935 1238 Ratified Nov 3 1936 Art 6 Sec 2 Par 8 Number of Justices Supreme Court and organization change A 1895 15 Ratified Oct 7 1895 Art 6 Sec 2 Par 9 Court of Appeals organization and jurisdiction A 1906 24 Ratified Nov 6 1906 A 1916 19 Ratified Nov 7 1916 Art 6 8 Sec 3 Par 1 A 1905 66 Ratified Oct 3 1906 Superior Courts Art 6 Sec 3 Par 2 Election of Superior Court Judges A 1897 16 Ratified Oct 5 1898 Art 6 Sec 3 Par 3 Terms of Superior Court Judges A 1897 16 Ratified Oct 5 1898 Art 6 Sec 4 Par 8 Superior Court hearings in vacation A 1939 78 Ratified June 6 1939 Art 6 Sec 6 Par 2a Jurisdiction of Ordinaries and Police Courts under State Patrol A 1937 1116 Ratified June 8 1937 Art 6 Sec 7 Par 1 Municipal Courts and J P Courts A 1912 30 Ratified Oct 2 1912 A 1914 30 Ratified Nov 3 1914 268 A 1927 117 Ratified Nov 6 1928 A 1931 1051 Ratified Nov 8 1932 A 1941 119 Ratified June 3 1941 Art 6 Sec 11 Par 1 Election of SolicitorsGeneral A 1897 16 Ratified Oct 5 1898 Art 6 Sec 13 Par 1 Salaries certain Superior Court Judges A 1910 42 Ratified Oct 5 1910 A 1913 30 Ratified Nov 3 1914 A 1916 22 Ratified Nov 7 1916 A 1918 94 Ratified Nov 5 1918 A 1922 24 Defeated Nov 7 1922 A 1922 26 Ratified Nov 7 1922 A 1925 70 Ratified Nov 2 1926 A 1927 111 Ratified Nov 6 1928 A 1929 118 Defeated Nov 4 1930 A 1939 79 Ratified June 6 1939 Judicial salaries Supreme Court Court of Appeals and Superior Courts A 1917 36 Ratified Nov 5 1918 A 1920 20 Ratified Nov 2 1920 Art 6 Sec 13 Par 2 Salary basis for SolicitorsGeneral A 1916 24 Ratified Nov 7 1916 Art 7 Sec 1 Par 1 Aid to Confederate soldiers and widows A 18845 37 Ratified Oct 6 1886 A 18889 39 Ratified Oct 1 1890 A 18S3 19 Ratified Oct 3 1894 A 1899 19 Ratified Oct 9 1900 A 1908 34 Ratified Oct 7 1908 A 1918 96 Ratified Nov 5 1918 A 1918 98 Ratified Nov 5 1918 A 1920 23 Ratified Nov 2 1920 A 1937 1118 Ratified June 8 1937 State highways tax A 1926Ex33 Ratified Nov 2 1926 Social Security State participation A 1937 1126 Ratified June 8 1937 State Advertising A 1941 16 Ratified June 3 1941 Art 7 Sec 1 Par 2 Limiting ad valorem tax A 1903 21 Ratified Oct 5 1904 269 Art 7 Sec 2 Par 1 Taxes upon incomes A 1929 143 Defeated Nov 4 1930 Classification tax A 1931 108 Defeated Nov 8 1932 A 1937 39 Ratified June 8 1937 Macon uniformity modified A 1941 14 Ratified June 3 1941 Fifteen mill tax limitation A 1935 1240 Defeated Nov 3 1936 Art 7 Sec 2 Par 2 Farm products tax exemption A 1912 36 Ratified Nov 5 1912 Ships and vessels tax exemption A 1916 27 Defeated Nov 7 1916 Endowment educational institutions tax exemption A 1917 39 Ratified Nov 5 1918 Hydroelectric works tax exemptions Heard and Troup counties A 1929 144 Defeated Nov 4 1930 Personal property exemption A 1937 38 Ratified June 8 1937 Rural Electrification Corporations tax exemption A 1941 84 Ratified June 3 1941 Art 7 Sec 2 Par 2a Industries tax exemption A 1923Ex67 Ratified Nov 4 1924 Art 7 Sec 2 Par 2b Macon tax exemptions A 1941 124 Ratified June 3 1941 Art 7 Sec 2 Par 6 Tax returns to ComptrollerGeneral A 1911 51 Ratified Oct 2 1912 Art 7 Sec 3 Par 1 Deficiencies in State Treasury A 1911 49 Ratified Oct 2 1912 State debt increase for teachers pay A 1926Ex31 Ratified Nov 2 1926 Art 7 Sec 2 Par 7 Homestead exemption A 1937 1122 Ratified June 8 1937 Art 7 Sec 6 Par 1 Waycross promotion tax A 1937 1131 Ratified June 8 1937 270 Fitzgerald Industry Tax Exemption A 1939 31 Ratified June 6 1939 Savannah River Wharf A 1941 160 Ratified June 3 1941 Art 7 Sec 6 Par 2 Taxing powers of countieshealth A 1908 33 Ratified Oct 7 1908 Taxing powers of countiesschools A 1910 45 Ratified Oct 5 1910 Taxing power of countiesvital statistics A 1926Ex30 Ratified Nov 2 1926 Taxing powers to Fulton County for schools and pensions A 1926Ex20 Ratified Nov 2 1926 A 1929 134 Defeated Nov 4 1930 County tax levies for Social Security A 1937 1124 Ratified June 8 1937 Agricultural agents tax levy A 1937 1128 Ratified June 8 1937 Chatham County Retirement pay A 1937 16 Ratified June 8 1937 Fulton and DeKalb Counties educational tax A 1937 18 Ratified June 8 1937 Ware County Promotion Fund Tax A 1937 1129 Ratified June 8 1937 Fulton County Civil Service A 1939 36 Ratified June 6 1939 Fulton County retirement and pension fund A 1939 39 Ratified June 6 1939 Taxing powers of countiesfire protection of forest lands and other natural resources conservation A 19378Ex28 Ratified Nov 8 1938 Taxing powers of countiesMedical care and hospitalization for indigent sick A 19378Ex39 Ratified Nov 8 1938 Art 7 Sec 6 Par 3 Public facilities contracts A 1941 50 Ratified June 3 1941 Art 7 Sec 7 Par 1 Augusta flood protection bondg A 1909 77 Ratified Oct 5 1910 County and city debts A 1918 99 Ratified Nov 5 1918 Bonded debt of cities of 150000 A 1918 915 Ratified Nov 5 1918 Street improvement bonds cities 150000 A 1920 25 Ratified Nov 2 1920 West Point flood protection bonds A 1920 29 Ratified Nov 2 1920 271 Savannah port debt A 1923 45 Ratified Nov 4 1924 Brunswick port debt A 1924 33 Ratified Nov 4 1924 Coastal highway district created A 1924 35 Ratified Nov 4 1924 Crisp County debt A 1925 72 Ratified Nov 2 1926 Tybee road bond issue A 1926Ex22 Ratified Nov 2 1926 Lowndes County and Valdosta bond issue A 1926Ex25 Ratified Nov 2 1926 McIntosh County school bond issue A 1926Ex28 Ratified Nov 2 1926 Columbus street improvement bonds A 1927 109 Ratified Nov 6 1928 LaGrange indebtedness A 1927 113 Ratified Nov 6 1928 Temporary loans Fulton Chatham and Richmond Counties A 1927 122 Ratified Nov 6 1928 Ware County bonded debt A 1927 124 Ratified Nov 6 1928 Stephens County hospital bonds A 1929 142 Ratified Nov 4 1930 Washington County temporary loans A 1929 147 Ratified Nov 4 1930 Elberton bonded debt A 1929 125 Ratified Nov 4 1930 Cornelia bonded debt A 1929 121 Ratified Nov 4 1930 Lakeland bonded debt A 1929 130 Ratified Nov 4 1930 Spalding County temporary loans A 1933 29 Ratified Nov 6 1934 Albany debt increase A 1937 7 Ratified June 8 1937 Atlanta debt increase A 1937 13 Ratified June 8 1937 Dublin debt increase A 1937 22 Ratified June 8 1937 Richmond County temporary loans A 1937 26 Ratified June 8 1937 Swainsboro temporary loans A 1937 34 Ratified June 8 1937 Adel bonded debt Baxley refunding bonds Beaverdam School District bonds Blue Ridge bonded debt Dublin bonded debt East 272 man bonds Fannin County temporary loans Gainesville debt Homerville debt Homerville debt Jefferson debt Jeffersonville School District debt Macon temporary loans Pineview School District bonds Savannah refunding bonds Sparks bonded debt Vidalia refunding bonds Willacoochee refunding bonds A 193738 Ex 757 alphabetically arranged Ratified Nov 8 1938 Atlanta Revenue Certificates Augusta temporary loans Bacon County Refunding bonds Blackshear Refunding bonds Bowden Refunding bonds Carrollton Refunding bonds Fulton County School bonds East Point and College Park Fulton Floyd and DeKalb Counties temporary loans Board of Education Grady County Refunding bonds Greenville debt Kite Consolidated School District bonds Macon debt certificates Nashville Refunding bonds Ocilla debt Ocilla Refunding bonds Pearson Refunding bonds Quitman debt certificates Quitman Refunding bonds Ray City Refunding bonds Reidsville School District bonded debt Savannah debt Savannah bonded debt Sylvania debt Tift County bonded debt Willie Consolidated School District Refunding bonds A 1939 888 alphabetically arranged Ratified June 6 1939 Coastal Highway District A 1939 23 Ratified June 6 1939 Abbeville School District bonds Abbeville Refunding bonds Adrian Consolidated School District bonds Baker County bonds Bibb County debt Calhoun County Refunding bonds Catoosa County bonds Chattooga Refunding bonds Claxton School District Refunding bonds Claxton Refunding bonds Cobb County Refunding bonds Cochran Ref tin ding bonds Cook County Warrant Refunding bonds Cook County Refunding bonds Cordele Refunding bonds Crawford Refunding bonds Crawford School District debt Dade County bonded debt Davisboro School District bonds Dodge County bonded debt Doerun Refunding bonds Effingham County Refunding bonds Evans County Refunding bonds Excelsior School District bonds Gainesvillp bonded debt Hart County Refunding bonds Hazelhurst Refunding bonds Irwin County Warrant Refunding bonds Irwin County Refunding bonds Jeff Davis Refunding bonds Jefferson County School District Refunding bonds Jefferson County School Dist No 10 bonds Johnson Corner School District bonds Lexington Refunding bonds Macon debt certificates Miller County bonds Miller County Refunding bonds Mitchell County Board of Education temporary loans Oglethorpe County Funding bonds Paulding County Funding bonds Quitman County debt Reidsville Refunding bonds Sandy Cross School District Refunding bonds SparksAdel School District Refunding bonds Stone Mountain Refunding bonds Sunny Hill School District Toombs County Refunding bonds Unadilla Refunding bonds Vidalia bonded debt Walker County bonds Washington Refunding bonds Waycitoss debts Wilcox County bonds Wilcox County debt Wrightsville School District bonds A1941 9195 alphabetically arranged Ratified June 3 1941 273 Art 7 Sec 8 Par 1 Assumption of county debts A 1931 97 Ratified Nov 8 1932 Highway Refunding bonds A 1939 47 Ratified June 6 1939 Art 7 Sec 18 Par 1 Hancock County Refunding bonds A 1941 93 Ratified June 3 1941 Art 8 Sec 1 Par 1 Taxation for common schools A 1911 46 Ratified Oct 2 1912 Art 8 Sec 2 Par 1 State School Commissioner made elective A 1894 34 Ratified Oct 7 1896 State School SuperintendentTerm of office A 1935 1236 Defeated Nov 3 1936 A 1941 165 Ratified June 3 1941 Art 8 Sec 4 Par 1 Local school tax A 1903 23 Ratified Oct 5 1904 A 1919 66 Ratified Nov 2 1920 Pierce County High School tax A 1929 139 Ratified Nov 4 1930 Schoolscontracts A 1931 105 Ratified Nov 8 1932 Consolidated Schoolsbonds A 1931 103 Ratified Nov 8 1932 Brantley County School Tax A 19378 Ex 17 Ratified Nov 8 1938 Floyd County High School Tax A 19378 Ex 30 Ratified Nov 8 1938 Chatham County School Tax A 1941 37 Ratified June 3 1941 Art 8 Sec 6 Par 1 University and high school appropriations A 1920 32 Ratified Nov 2 1920 Art 11 Sec 1 Par 1 Taxes for Fulton County improvements A 1929 135 Ratified Nov 4 1930 Cobb County fire prevention tax A 193738 Ex 20 Ratified Nov 8 1938 DeKalb County improvements tax A 1941 69 Ratified June 3 1941 Art 11 Sec 1 Par 2 Fixing number of counties A 1904 47 Ratified Oct 5 1904 274 Creating new counties as follows A 1906 28 Ratified Nov 6 1906 Ben Hill A 1912 38 Ratified Oct 2 1912 Bleckley A 1912 41 Ratified Nov 5 1912 Wheeler S A 1914 23 Ratified Nov 3 1914 Bacon A 1916 17 Ratified Nov 7 1916 Bacon A 1914 27 Ratified Nov 3 1914 Barrow A 1914 29 Ratified Nov 3 1914 Candler A 1914 33 Ratified Nov 3 1914 Evans I A 1917 41 Ratified Nov 5 1918 Atkinson A 1918 106 A 1917 44 Ratified Nov 5 1918 Treutlen A i918 102 Ratified Nov 5 1918 Cook A 1919 68 Ratified Nov 2 1920 Lanier 1A 1920 19 45 A 1920 34 Ratified Nov 2 1920 Brantley A 1920 38 Ratified Nov 2 1920 Lamar A 1920 48 Ratified Nov 2 1920 Long A 1920 52 Ratified Nov 2 1920 Seminole A 1922 28 Defeated Nov 2 1922 Peach A 1924 39 Ratified Nov 4 1924 Peach Art 11 Sec 1 Par 2A Consolidation of city and county governments A 1924 811 Ratified Nov 24 1924 Art 11 Sec 1 Par 6 Taxes for sanitation Glynn and McIntosh counties A 1929 137 Ratified Nov 4 1930 Art 11 Sec 1 Par 7 DeKalb County increased taxing power A 1937 20 Ratified June 8 1937 Art 11 Sec 2 Par 1 County officers terms A 1914 43 Ratified Nov 3 1914 Art 11 Sec 3 Par 1 Office of county treasurer A 1914 42 Ratified Nov 3 1914 Consolidation of offices Tax Receiver and Tax Collector A 1924 815 Ratified Nov 4 1924 Art 11 Sec 3 Par 2 Fulton County Public Officers Deputies A 1939 33 Ratified June 6 1939 275 CHRONOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF PROPOSALS TO AMEND CONSTITUTION OF 1877 Year of Act Proposals 1885 2 1887 1 1889 2 1890 1 1891 3 1893 3 1894 1 1895 1 1897 1 1899 1 1903 2 1904 2 1905 1 1906 2 1907 1 1908 4 1909 1 1910 2 1911 3 1912 5 1913 1 1914 9 1916 5 1917 4 1918 11 1919 2 1920 10 1921 1 1922 3 1923 1 1923 Ex 1 1924 6 1925 2 1926 Ex 7 1927 8 1929 13 1931 8 1933 1 1935 7 1937 26 1938 23 1939 33 1941 69 290 Ratified Rejected 2 1886 1 1888 1 1890 1 1892 3 1892 1 1894 1 1896 1 1896 1 1898 1 1900 2 1904 2 1904 1 1906 2 1906 4 1908 1 1910 2 1910 3 1912 5 1912 1 1914 9 1914 4 1916 1 1916 4 1918 11 1918 2 1920 10 1920 1 1922 1 1922 2 1922 1 1924 1 1924 6 1924 2 1926 7 1926 8 1928 8 1930 5 1930 6 1932 2 1932 1 1934 2 1936 5 1936 26 1937 23 33 68 1 268 18 No record 1 2 1 4 276 INDEX to the CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA N0teReference in the Index are made to the Article Section and Paragraph of the provision referred to the original division of the instrument being strictly followed A Absent members of Legislature attendance of compelled Abuse under arrest or in prison prohibited Of liberty of speech or press responsibility for Academy incorporated exempt from taxation Acceptors suits against where tried Account of Treasurer to be published quarterly Accusation copy to be furnished defendant on demand Acts amending or repealing must describe the law affectedmm Local and private authority of Must be signed by President of Senate and Speaker of Houser Requiring twothirds voteyeas and nays must be rcorded Adjournment of Legislature be less than a majority Consent of both Houses required when Houses failing to agreeGovernor may adjourn them Resolutions of not submitted to Governor Ad valorem Tax on property shall be Aged and infirm persons entitled to Homestead Aid of State to any religious denomination prohibited To any person or corporation by lending credit or taking stock prohibited To any person or corporation by donation or gratuity prohibited Aid of County or City to person or corporation prohibited Amendments to Appropriation and Revenue bills by Senate To Constitution To statute or code form of amendment act Animals special tax may be imposed on vicious ones Appeal from one jury to another in Superior and City Courts From Ordinary to Superior Court j From Justice of the Peace to Jury or Superior Court Appellate Jurisdiction of the Superior Court Appointment of Legislator to another office prohibited By Governor to fill vacancies Rejected by Senate effect of Of State School Commissioner Apportionment of Representatives how changed Appropriation Acts authority of Bills general and special Bills must originate in House of Representatives Bills yeas and nays must be recorded on Bills may be approved in part Necessary to authorize payment by Treasurer A S P 3 4 4 1 1 9 1 1 15 7 2 2 6 16 5 3 7 11 1 1 5 3 7 17 12 1 4 3 7 3 3 7 21 3 4 4 3 7 24 3 7 24 5 1 17 7 2 1 9 1 1 1 1 14 7 5 1 7 16 1 7 6 1 3 7 10 13 1 1 3 7 17 7 2 1 6 4 6 6 6 1 6 7 2 6 4 4 3 4 7 5 1 14 5 1 15 8 2 1 3 3 2 12 1 3 3 7 9 3 7 10 3 7 12 5 1 16 3 7 11 277 S P For University of Georgia and College for colored pupils g Approval of Governor to Biils 5 Of Governor to Resolutions and Orders1 5 Arms right of citizens to bearmanner of bearing 1 Army of the State Governor is Commander of 5 Arrest abuse under prohibited jzJ 1 Punishment for rescue from under order either House 3 Privilege of Elector fromt 2 Privilege of member Legislature fromL 3 Artificial limbs for Confederate soldiersil 7 Assemble right of people to do so guaranteed 1 Associate Justice of Supreme Court g Atlanta City Court of errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 Attainder bill of prohibited Attendance of members of the Legislature compelled 3 Attendance of members of Legislature privileges during 3 Attorney right to defend or prosecute by 1 Right of Defendant in criminal cases to have 1 General election of g General duties g General salary 6 General qualifications g Authority of Constitution treaties laws judgments etc 12 6 1 1 1 1 1 7 3 7 1 1 2 2 3 4 7 1 1 10 10 13 14 1 B Bail shall not be excessive u j 1 Ballot election by the people shall be by L 2 1 Banishment beyond the State prohibited 1 1 Banks may be incorporated by the Legislature 3 7 Bequests may be received by the University of Georgia 8 6 Bills a number of readings necessary before passage 3 7 Majority of all members in favor of necessary to passage i 3 7 Rejected not again proposed without consent of twotiirds 3 7 Appropriation and Revenue must originate in House 3 7 Appropriations general and special requisites of 3 7 Appropriations must be passed by yeas and nays 3 7 Revision of by Governor Vetohow overruled 5 1 See Local Bills also Acts Bond required of Secretary of Senate and Clerk of House 3 8 Required of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer 5 2 Required of Public Printer 7 17 Bonded debt not to be increased 7 12 Sale of States property to be applied to 7 13 Of county or city provisions for meeting 7 7 Bonds in cases involving an interested Judge cannot preside g 2 Of State declared void not to be paid or submitted to suit 7 Of Western Atlantic Railroad paid by proceeds of Road 7 13 Boundaries of counties to remain as now till changed 1 16 17 22 11 9 2 1 3 1 24 1 5 2 4 3 4 5 1 2 1 1 1 7 18 1 7 14 13 10 9 12 16 1 6 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 278 by law llMi Bribery Conviction of disqualifies for office or voting Bridges established by the courts not Legislature Bridges Ordinarys jurisdiction in matter of Bridges taxation by county to keep up Borrowing money by State laws for must specify purpose Buildings public exempt from taxation Public tax by county to maintain i Ordinarys j urisdiction Burial places exempt from tax C Canal Companies may be incorporated by Legislature Capitol location of ordinance concerning Capitol site for may be donated to the State M Censure of members of Legislature for misconduct L j Certiorari writs of may be issued by Judge Superior Court Challenge of voter oath to be administeredi Conviction of sending or accepting disqualifies for office Charitable institutions public exempt from taxation Public aid from county or city Charter of Corporations amended on conditions Chief Justice of Supreme Court presides in impeachment trialssee Supreme Court Children legitimatized and names changed by the courts Church not to receive money from the State Citizens of the State who are and right to protection Of the State entitled to vote whenrffifEj City aid by donation of taking stock prohibited Consent before Street Railroad can be built in Courts of the State need not be uniform Court appeals and new trials Courts errors corrected in Supreme Court Court Judge may serve in Supreme Court when Debt to be incurred by limited Debt bonded provisions for meeting Debt not to be assumed by State Lip Debt to be incurred only by authority of City Government riW8lL Public schools may be maintained by tax1Cfi Civil authority superior to the military Cases where tried Cases judgment by Court without jury whenIf Cases venue how changed gSa Jurisdiction of Superior Court Jurisdiction of Justices Court JWSml Clerical expenses of Treasurer Secretary of State and ComptrollerGeneral 1J Clerk of House of Representatives Compensation and Bond ofh Clerks of the Governor Code sections not amended or repealed by reference to numbers A S P 11 1 1 2 2 1 3 7 18 6 6 2 7 6 2 7 4 1 7 2 2 7 6 2 6 6 2 7 2 2 3 7 18 12 1 8 7 6 1 3 7 1 6 4 5 2 1 2 2 4 2 7 2 2 7 6 1 4 2 3 3 5 4 3 7 18 1 1 14 1 1 25 2 1 1 7 6 1 3 7 20 6 9 1 6 4 6 6 2 5 6 5 1 7 7 1 7 7 2 7 8 1 7 10 1 8 4 1 1 1 19 6 16 6 6 4 7 6 17 1 6 4 3 6 7 2 5 22 34 3 8 1 5 1 19 3 7 17 279 Colleges exempt from taxation 7 2 2 For colored pupils 8 6 1 Colored pupils College for 8 6 1 Colored and white public schools to be separate 8 11 Commissioner of Schools appointed and salary ofl 8 2 1 Commissioners of county affairs authorized 6 19 1 Commissioners of county affairs authorized 11 3 1 Committee on Local and Special bills 3 7 5 Common Law Courts may be clothed with equity jurisdiction 6 5 2 Common School Systemsee Education 8 11 Commutation power in the Governor 5 1 12 Tax for military services goes to Schools8 3 1 Companies incorporation of 3 7 18 Volunteer military organization of 10 1 2 Compensation for private ways and public use of property 13 1 Of Clerk of House and Secretary of Senate 3 8 1 Of Jurors how fixed 6 18 Extra not granted officers or contractors 7 16 2 Competition arrangements by corporation to defeat void 4 2 4 ComptrollerGeneral must license Life Insurance companies 4 3 12 2 Supervise deposits of Life Insurance Companies 3 12 3 Officers of Executive DepartmentI 5 11 Examination suspension and discharge of 5 1 18 Election of i 521 Salary and Clerks hire JL1 5 2 4 Eligibility and Bond of 5 2 6 Perquisites not allowed to 5 2 7 Must report to Governor 7 15 1 Confederate Soldiers pensions for 7 1 1 Public debt not to be paid1 7 11 1 Conscience right of not to be controlled 1 1 12 Liberty of does not excuse licentiousness 1 1 13 Consent of parties to vary general law in individual cases 14 1 City to building Street Railroads within its limits 3 7 20 Constitution of Georgia may be altered or abolished by the people 15 1 Authority of 12 1 1 Amendments of 13 1 Amendments by Convention 13 1 2 To be submitted to the people 13 2 1 And United Stateslaws in violation of voir 1 4 2 And United States authority of 12 1 1 Constitutional Convention provisions to call 13 1 2 Construction of Constitution not to deny rights not enumerated 15 5 Contempt limitation of Courts power to punish for 1 1 20 Either House of General Assembly may punish for 3 7 2 Contested Election for Governor 5 16 Contracts laws impairing obligation of void f 13 2 By Government releasing power to tax void 4 11 By Government heretofore made not impaired 4 2 6 Between corporations defeat comptition void 4 2 4 Judgments on without verdict when 6 4 7 Jurisdiction of Justices Court in cases of 6 7 2 280 Contractor not to receive extra compensation from Government Tv 7 16 2 Conventionsee Constitutional Convention and Ordinances Conviction costs not to be exacted of defendant until 1 1 10 Does not work corruption or forfeiture i 12 3 Of certain offenses disfranchisel 2 2 1 Impeachment vote necessary 3 5 4 Dueling disqualifies for office j 2 4 2 Copartners suits against where triedr 6 16 4 Coroners County Tax to pay 7 6 2 Corporate powers what may be granted by Legislature 3 7 18 Corporators not to be damaged by revocation of charter 1 3 3 Corporations subject to police power and eminent domain 4 2 2 Legislation in favor of conditional 4 2 3 Acts of to defeat competition and monopolize void 4 2 4 Rights to tax not to be released 7 2 5 State not to take stock in aid or lend credit to 7 5 1 County or City not to take stock in aid or lend credit to 7 6 1 Donations to from State prohibited 7 16 1 Authority of rights already accrued to 12 1 5 Municipalsee City Costs not payable by defendant till conviction 1 1 10 In Supreme Court 6 21 1 County Commissioners may be created 6 19 1 1 11 3 1 Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7 1 Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8 2 Debt bonded provisions for meeting 7 7 1 Not to aid or take stock in Corporation 7 6 1 Public Schools may be maintained by8 4 1 Matters Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2 Officers election term qualification and removal 11 2 1 Officers and tribunals to be uniform in the State 11 3 1 Is a body corporate suits of and boundaries 11 1 1 New one not to be created 11 1 2 Lines and site how changed Jl 11 1 34 Merger of K 11 1 5 Special acts authority of 12 1 4 Corruption of blood not worked by conviction 12 3 Courts power to punish for contempt limited 1 1 20 Power in matters denied to Legislature 3 7 18 Of the State L6 11 Not mentioned in Constitution may be abolished 6 20 7 Of Common Law may be vested with equity jurisdiction 6 4 2 Of same grade throughout State must be uniform 6 9 1 Courts tax to pay expenses of fy 7 6 2 Jurisdiction against Homestead denied 9 2 1 Authority of judgments and decrees of 12 1 5 Existing judgments and decrees of ratified 12 1 6 See also Supreme Superior City and Justice Courts Credit of State not to be pledged to Corporations or persons j 7 5 1 Creditors law to be provided for reaching concealed property of debtor 1 2 6 281 Not to be damaged by revocation of Charter Crime conviction in what cases disfranchises Lobbying declared to he Criminal cases Jury judges of law and fact Judge may grant new trial on conviction Jurisdiction of Superior Court Rights of defendant in Where tried Venue when changed I D Damages jurisdiction of Justices Courts in cases of Death of Governor vacancy how filled Officer vacancy how filled Debate liability of Legislators for words spoken in1 Debts Public taxation to pay Public new debt contracted to pay Power of State to contract restricted Of County taxation to pay Power of City or County to Contract restricted To be incurred by City only on authority of City Government J 7 Of County or City not to be assumed by State 2X Void and Confederate against State not to be paid Debtor Concealing Property provisions against May waive Homestead May waive Exemptions of the old Code Decrees of Court authority and ratification of Defaulters of public moneys disqualified for Legislature Defend or prosecute in person or by attorney right to Defense under oath not filed Court to render judgment when Of State debts may be contracted for Deficiency of Revenue in State supplied by borrowing Of Revenue in City and County supplied by borrowing Deposits required of Insurance Companies2 Of public funds Treasurer to receive no profit from 1 Disabilities may be removed by Governor Discrimination in Tariff by Railroad regulated V Disorderly behavior in presence of Legislature punished Disqualification to hold office or vote Religious opinion is not To hold office in more than one department Of illegal holders of public money Of duelists r For Legislature and legislator to other office Resulting from impeachment Of Judge of Supreme Court who presides Judge of Superior Court who presides Judge of Superior Court when there is a City Judge Of interested Judge in bond cases District Senatorial number composition and change of Divorce exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court First and second verdicts in cases of Suits where tried A S P 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 5 5 1 2 1 1 2 1 6 4 1 1 1 5 6 16 6 6 17 1 6 7 1 5 1 1 5 1 14 3 7 3 7 1 1 7 3 1 7 3 1 7 6 2 7 7 1 7 10 1 7 8 1 7 11 1 1 2 6 9 3 1 9 5 1 12 1 56 3 4 7 1 1 4 6 4 7 7 3 1 7 3 1 7 7 1 3 12 5 2 5 5 1 12 4 2 1 3 7 12 2 2 1 1 1 13 1 1 3 2 4 1 2 4 2 3 4 7 3 5 5 6 2 2 6 4 9 6 5 1 6 2 3 3 21 23 6 4 1 6 15 12 6 16 1 J 1 i i 282 Domestic animals of vicious nature special tax on Animals tax on goes to educational purposes Donations by State prohibitedg By State to University allowed Drawer and Acceptor suits against where tried Z Dueling conviction of disqualifies for office Education Common School System established Commissioner of Public Schools Confined to English in local public schools Confined to English in State public schools Poll Tax for purpose of Special Tax for purposes of4 Taxation for purposes of by State Taxation for purposes of by City or County Appropriations for purposes of by City or County Election by the people shall be by ballot By the Legislature shall be viva voce Days furnishing Liquor on prohibited Privileges of Electors while attending Precincts changed by Courts not Legislature Returns where made Of members General Assembly Members General Assembly each house to judge of President of the Senatejvl Speaker of the House of Representatives1 Governor Governor returns how made Returns opened and published Governor by General Assembly Contested Special To fill vacancies in General Assembly Of Secretary of State Comp Genl and Treasurer Judges of Supreme Court v Judges of Superior Court1 Judges of Supreme Superior Courts and Sol Genl Justices of the Peace Attorney General By City or County on creating a new debt City or County on School question To change County Site Merge one County into another Election of County officers On amendments to Constitution Ratification of Constitution Electors who shall be so deemed Registration of may be provided for Privileges of while attending elections Embezzlement of public funds disfranchises Eminent Domain not to be abridged in favor of Corporations Encumbrances Homestead liable for removal of Endorsers suits against where tried Equal Rights not to be infringed by Corporations Equity Cases where tried 1 A S P 7 2 1 8 1 1 7 16 1 8 6 1 8 16 5 2 2 1 8 1 1 8 2 1 7 6 2 8 1 1 7 2 3 8 3 1 7 1 1 m 7 6 2 7 6 1 2 1 1 3 10 1 2 5 1 2 3 1 3 7 18 2 6 1 3 4 2 3 7 1 3 5 2 3 6 2 I 5 1 3 5 1 4 5 1 5 5 1 5 5 1 6 5 1 9 5 1 13 5 2 1 6 2 4 6 3 2 6 12 1 6 7 3 6 10 1 7 7 1 8 4 1 11 1 4 11 1 5 I 11 2 1 13 1 1 13 2 1 2 1 2 a 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 2 1 4 2 2 9 2 1 6 16 5 4 2 1 6 16 3 283 Jurisdiction is in Superior Court Jurisdiction may be conferred on Common Law Courts Errors m Superior and City Courts corrected in Supreme Court Of inferior judicatories corrected by Certiorari Estate not forfeited by Conviction Excessive Bail and Fines Forbidden 7 Executive Legislative and Judicial Department are distinct i Department officers of Department officers of report suspension and removal of 1 Powers vested in Governor Exemption from Taxation and void Exemption From Levy and Sale From Levy and Sale waiver of From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act not repealed From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act waiver Exhibitions special tax on goes to public schools Expense of Clerks and Secretaries to Governor Of Clerks of Secretary of State Comptroller General and Treasurerj Ex Post Facto Law not to be passed Express Companies chartered by Legislature Expulsion of Members of General Assembly for misconduct Extra session of Legislature before November 1st 1878 Sessions of Legislature may be called by Governor Compensation not to be allowed by Government P Family each Head of entitled to Homestead1 Fees not allowed officers of Executive Department Not allowed Attorney General Felony exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court Females persons having care of entitled to Homestead Ferries established by Courts not Legislature Ordinarys jurisdiction concerning Fines imposed must not be excessive Imposed on member of Legislature for misconduct Fire Insurance Companies deposit required of Foreign Power Governor to receive no Emolument from Forfeiture of Estate not brought about by conviction Of Recognizance relieved against when Of Charter remitted only on conditions Fraud Legislature may provide Punishment for Judgments attacked for Free Schoolssee Education Freight on Railroads subject to regulation by law Rebate not allowed nor deceit as to amount charged Furniture Waiver of Exemption not good against all Funds of county Ordinarys jurisdiction Of Public officers not to profit from use of f Sinking provided for A S P 6 4 1 6 4 2 6 2 5 6 4 5 1 2 3 1 1 9 1 1 23 5 1 1 5 1 18 5 1 O 7 22 45 9 1 1 9 3 1 9 4 i 9 5 1 8 3 1 5 1 18 5 22 34 1 3 2 3 7 18 3 7 1 3 4 3 5 1 13 7 16 2 9 1 1 5 2 7 6 13 1 6 4 1 9 1 1 3 7 18 6 6 2 1 1 9 3 7 1 3 12 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 3 7 19 4 2 3 1 2 6 12 1 5 8 1 1 4 2 1 4 2 5 9 3 1 6 6 2 7 9 1 7 14 1 284 q A S P GENERAL ASSEMBLY Consisting of Senate and House is the Legislative power 311 Members oi elected for two years 3 4 1 Election when held 342 Election returns where madp F 2 6 1 Attendance of required r 3 4 4 Oath of y 3 4 5 Who are disqualified to be 1 3 4 7 Disqualified for certain other offices 3 4 7 Not to profit from use of public funds 7 9 1 Not to be interested in public printing 7 17 1 Seats of vacated by removal 3 4 8 Punished for misconduct in each House 3 7 1 Privileges of3 7 3 Per diem and mileage of 3 9 1 Majority of all necessary to passage of bill 3 7 14 Officers of who are 3 8 1 Quorum of to transact business 3 4 4 Adjournment by less than a quorum 3 4 4 Adjournment for more than three days etc 3 37 24 Election by shall be viva voce v y7 3 10 1 Of judges of Supreme Court by 1st election 6 2 4 Of Judges of Superior Court by 1st election2i 6 3 2 Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts and Solicitors General 6 12 1 Of Governor by when 5 15 Of Governor contested determined by 5 16 May pardon commute or reprieve for treason 5 1 12 May direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 1 Sessions of are biennialL 3 4 3 Of limited to 10 days in January 3 4 3 Of limited to 60 days in July 3 4 3 Of extra may be called by Governor2 5 113 Of joint held in Representative Hall 3 10 1 Each House of may compel attendance of members 3 4 4 Is judge of election and qualification of its members 3 7 1 May punish for misconduct 3 7 12 Must keep a Journal 3 7 4 Has general power of legislation 3 7 22 HAS POWER BY LAW TO Provide punishment for fraud 12 6 For registration of voters 1 2 2 1 For removal Secretary of State Comptroller General and Treasurer 5 118 For appeals in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6 For appointments of Judge pro hac vice 6 4 9 Commissioners for county affairs 6 19 1 For organizing the Militia j 10 1 1 Prescribe manner of bearing arms 1 1 22 Number of Jurors in Inferior Courts 6 18 1 Who shall vote on School questions 8 4 1 Change Senatorial Districts when 3 2 3 285 Apportionment of Representatives1 Governors Salary by two thirds vote Salaries of Judges Attorneys and Solicitors Gnrai Substitute another officer for School Commissioner Established Courts Abolish Courts not named in Constitution T Confer Equity jurisdiction on Common Law Courts Authorize formation of Volunteer Companies Require Fire Insurance Companies to make deposit Subject corporate property to public use when 7 Sell State s property Make donations to University of Georgia Make donations to Colleges for colored people Amend Constitution in manner providedi Call Constitutional Convention as provided SHALL BY LAW Limit power of Courts to punish for Contempt Protect citizens in their right Provide penalty against Lottery Agents Provide penalty against Lobbying m Prohibit furnishing Liquor on election days 7 Provide penalty against Treasurer receiving unlawful fee Provide for reaching concealed property of Debtor Compel Insurance Companies to report to Governor Regulate Freight and Passenger Tariff Enforce provisions against monopolies eto Establish uniformity in local tribunals Provide for selection and compensation of jurors A sinking fund For letting Public Printing to highest bidder Setting apart and valuation of Homestead For appeals in Superior and City Courts SHALL NOT PASS ANY LAW To restrain or curtail liberty of speech or press Respecting social status of citizensH Of Attainder ex post facto impairing contracts Making irrevocable grants of special privileges To revoke grants to injury of creditors of corporators Of special nature when general law provides Varying general laws affecting private rights without consent In violation of Constitution of Georgia or the United States i Referring to more than one matter or different form title 1 Incorporating companies except for class named 7 Relieving against recognizances except as statedJ Authorizing Street Railroad in city without citys consent For benefit of particular corporations except on conditions 7 Authorizing one corporation to buy stock in another County or City to aid persons or corporationsu Payment of void bonds or Confederate debts Granting donation or gratuity to persons or corporations A S P 3 3 2 5 1 2 6 13 2 8 2 1 6 1 1 6 20 2 6 4 2 10 1 2 3 12 4 4 2 1 7 13 1 8 6 1 8 6 1 13 1 1 13 1 2 1 1 20 1 1 25 1 2 4 1 2 5 3 5 1 5 2 5 1 2 6 3 12 5 4 2 1 4 2 7 6 9 1 6 18 23 7 14 1 7 17 1 9 4 1 6 4 6 1 1 15 1 1 18 1 3 2 1 3 2 1 3 3 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 4 2 3 7 8 3 7 18 3 7 19 3 7 20 4 2 3 7 6 1 7 11 1 7 17 1 286 Extra compensation to officers or contractors SL See Tax God may be worshipped according to dictates of conscience Governor an officer of the Executive Departmenttl Executive powers vested in r Salary term and limitations of terms of office Election installation and terms of election of Of by the Legislature when i Qualifications and oath of Death resignation or disability of Secretary and Clerks of Is Commander of the Army and Conservator of the Peace i May adjourn the Legislature when l Call Extra Session of the LegislatureH Direct affixing of the Great Seal Pardon reprieve commute and remit penalties Remove disabilities With the Treasurer loan the Sinking Fund Require services of Attorney General 7 C Shall order elections to fill vacancies in Legislature Fill vacancies in other offices Offices of Judges and Solicitors General Appoint State School Commissioner J Judge to preside in Supreme Court when Commission Notaries Public exofficio Justices of Peace Examine and Publish Report of Comptroller and Treasurer y r Proclaim result of Election on Constitution Cannot appoint member of Legislature to office A person rejected by Senate when Has revision of bills and resolutions of Legislature Supervision over Executive officers Government originates with people duty of Exclusive right of the people to regulate Legislature Executive and Judicial Departments distinctI Support of by taxation Grants limiting power to tax void Irrevocable of special privileges void Not to be revoked as to work injustice Great Seal of the State use and device of S Guardian of minors entitled to Homestead H Habeas Corpus Writ shall not be suspended Head of family entitled to Homesteadl Homestead and Exemption to whom allowed and amount of Not subject to levy and sale Waiver and sale of j Setting apart of to be provided for Supplemental Already allowed good against old debt Ordinance effect ofa A S P 7 16 2 1 1 12 5 1 1 5 1 2 5 1 2 5 1 14 5 1 5 5 17 10 5 1 8 5 1 19 5 11 11 3 7 24 5 1 13 5 3 1 5 1 12 5 1 12 7 14 1 6 10 2 5 1 13 5 1 14 6 12 1 8 2 1 6 2 2 6 8 1 7 15 1 13 2 2 3 4 7 5 1 15 5 1 17 5 1 18 1 1 12 1 5 1 1 1 23 7 1 1 4 1 1 1 3 2 1 3 3 5 3 1 9 1 1 1 1 11 9 1 1 9 1 1 9 2 1 9 3 1 9 4 1 9 6 1 9 7 1 12 1 8 287 Of 1868 sales of confirmed j Of 1868 sales and reinvestments of xiw Under Debtors Act not repealed Under Debtors Act Waiver of House secure from search except as provided Soldiers not to be quartered in except as provided Of RepresentativesSee Representatives Household Furniture waiver of exemption ond Husbands debts wifes property not liable for1 I Idiots disqualified to vote or hold office Immunities special not to be irrevocable granted Not to be revoked so as to work justice Impeachment power in House of Representatives Power to tryin the Senate Chief Justice to preside at trial of Vote necessary to convict1 Effect of conviction Governor cannot pardon in case of Imprisonment abuse under forbidden For debt prohibitedir For misbehavior in presence of Legislature Improvement on Homestead is part ofgL Indictment copy to be furnished defendant on demand Inferior Judicatories errors of corrected by Certorari Infirm persons entitled to Homestead Inherent rights not enumerated and not denied Insane persons not entitled to vote or hold office Inspection by Governor of Executive OfficersT Installation of Governor Insurance Department expense of Companies to make reports to Governor Chartered by Legislature Fire deposit made with TreasuryL Foreign and Home Life deposits required Foreign Life Comptroller General to license Interest on Public Debt taxation authorized to pay Intoxicating drinks not to be furnished on election days Insurrection and invasion in time of Bills may pass summarily Tax to suppress Bonded debt incurred to suppress Debts contracted to suppress1 Contracted by city or county to suppress assumed by State Invasionsee Insurrection Investment of funds raised by sale of homestead Irrevocable grants of special privileges voidx J Jeopardy more than once for same offense prohibited Joint obligors suit against where tried Owner in property State shall not become Journal each House of the General Assembly shall keep Original preserved in the office of Secretary of State A S P 9 8 1 9 9 1 9 4 1 9 5 1 1 1 16 1 1 19 9 3 1 3 11 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 3 3 3 6 3 3 5 3 3 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 5 5 1 12 1 1 9 1 1 21 3 7 12 9 2 1 1 1 5 6 4 5 9 1 1 1 5 2 2 2 1 5 1 18 5 1 3 5 2 4 3 12 5 3 7 18 3 12 4 3 12 13 3 12 2 7 1 1 2 5 1 7 7 1 1 7 12 1 7 3 1 7 8 1 9 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 8 6 16 4 7 5 1 3 7 4 3 7 5 288 A S P Yeas and nays to be recorded in at request of onefifth 3 7 6 Yeas and nays to be recorded in when two thirds vote is required II 3 7 21 Must show majority of all members voted for bills passed 3 7 14 Must contain proposed amendments to Constitution 13 1 1 Of House must contain vote of elections by Legislature 3 10 1 Judge disqualified to preside in bond cases if interested in the bondsjj6 2 3 Pro hac vice Legislature may authorize 6 4 9 May grant new trials in cases of conviction 12 1 See Supreme Superior and City Courts Judicial Legislative and Executive Departments distinct 1 1 23 Powers of the State where vested 6 11 Judiciary to declare unconstitutional acts voidi 14 2 Judgment of Impeachment extent of 3 5 5 Of Supreme Court may be withheld one term 6 2 7 Without verdict of Jury when 6 4 7 Of Courts authority of 12 1 5 Heretofore rendered ratifiedl m 12 1 6 Jurisdiction of Supreme Court1 6 2 5 Of Superior Court 6 4 1 Of Superior Court Appellate 6 4 4 Of Ordinary 12 6 6 1 Of Ordinary County matters 6 6 2 Of Justices of the Peace 6 7 2 Against Homestead deniedi9 2 1 Jury right of trial by an impartial 115 Right of trial by Guaranteeda 6 18 1 Judges of law and fact in criminal cases 1 2 1 Appeal from one to another in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6 From Justice of the Peace to 6 7 2 Grand to recommend Commissioned Notary for appointment 6 8 1 Grand and Traverse selection and qualification of 6 18 2 Compensation of how fixed 6 18 3 Tax by county to pay7 6 2 Justice of the Peace may be member of Legislature 3 4 7 Part of Judiciary 6 11 Election Commission and removal ofp 6 7 3 Term of 6 7 1 Jurisdiction Sessions and Appeals 6 7 2 ExOfficio 3ji 6 8 1 K Kitchen furniture waiver of exemption of 9 3 1 L Labor done on Homestead Homestead is liable for fc9 2 1 Land cases involving title to brought in Superior Court 6 4 1 Cases involving title to tried at what place 6 16 2 Homestead and Exemption on 9 11 Larceny conviction of disfranchises 2 2 1 Law due process of required to affect rights of persons 113 Laws of general nature must have uniform operation 14 1 289 Of general nature affecting private rights how varied Unconstitutional are voidl For more than one matter or different from title void Majority vote of all members necessary to pass For tax shall be general Not repealed or amended by reference to title alone For borrowing money must be specific To change county lines must be a general law Of general operation Of United States authority of Of Georgia authority ofJL Local and special authority of See Local also General Assembly Learning Seminaries of exempt from taxation Legislative power is in the General Assembly Executive and Judicial Departments distinct LegislatureSee General Assembly Legitimate Children power in Courts Levy and Sale exemptions from Libels in prosecutions for truth may be given in evidence121 Liberty person to be deprived of only by due process of law s Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense Of Conscience not to be controlled Of speech or press not to be curtailed Libraries Public may be exempt from taxation Licentiousness not excused on account of liberty of Conscience Life person not to be deprived of but by due process of law Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense Crimes involving jurisdiction in Superior Court1 r See Insurance Lines of County to be changed under operation of general law L Liquor special tax on for Educational purposes Not to be furnished on Election days List of witnesses to be furnished to defendant on demand Litigation tax by County to pay expenses of Literary Associations may be exempt from taxation Loans to State for casual deficiencies of revenue County or City for canal deficiencies of revenue Of sinking Fund by Governor and Treasurer Lobbying is a crime Legislature must provide a penalty Publication of before passed Acts authority of School Systems existing not affected hereby Lottery Tickets sale of prohibited M Macon and Brunswick Railroad if sold proceeds where applied Majority of each branch of Legislature constitute quorum Of all members of each House necessary to pass bill Malfeasance in office disfranchises Malpractice in office by Justice of the Peace removal for A S P 1 4 1 1 4 2 3 7 8 3 7 14 7 2 1 3 7 17 7 4 1 11 1 3 12 12 1 1 12 1 3 12 1 2 7 2 2 3 1 1 1 1 23 3 7 18 9 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 12 1 1 15 7 2 2 1 1 13 1 1 3 1 1 8 6 4 1 11 1 3 8 3 1 2 5 1 1 1 5 7 6 2 7 2 2 7 3 1 7 7 1 7 14 1 1 2 5 3 7 15 12 1 4 8 5 1 1 2 4 7 13 1 3 4 4 3 7 14 2 2 1 6 7 3 290 i A S P Mandamus issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4 5 Marriage does not divest wife of her property 3 111 Material furnished Homestead it is liable for 9 2 1 Matter different from title not to be contained in bill 3 7 8 Members of General AssemblySee General Assembly Merger of counties jp 11 15 Message of Governor 5 1 13 Mileage of the members of the General Assembly 3 9 1 Military authority subordinate to Civil 1 1 19 Commission except in Militia disqualifies for Legislature i 3 4 7 Service commutation for goes to Public Schools 8 3 1 Companies Volunteer organizations 10 1 2 Companies Volunteer paid only when called by State 10 1 3 Militia officers may be members of Legislature 3 4 7 Governor is Commander in chief of 5 1 11 District one Justice of the Peace for each 6 7 1 District one commissioned Notary for each 6 8 1 Organization of may be provided for 10 1 1 Paid only when called out by State J 10 1 3 Minors family of entitled to Homestead 9 1 1 Ministerial officer not to levy on Homestead 9 2 1 Misconduct of member of Legislature how punished 3 7 1 Mistrial in criminal cases authorizes a second triali 118 Money not to be donated by State to any Church etc1 1 14 Illegal holders of public disqualified for office 2 4 1 Public defaulters of disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7 Authority and manner of drawing from Treasury 3 7 11 Borrowed by State laws for and use of 7 4 1 Monopoly provisions against 4 2 4 Municipal Corporationssee City N Names of children changed by Courts 3 7 18 Navigation Companies chartered by Legislature3 7 18 Navy of State Governor is Commander ofiu 5 1 11 New trial in criminal cases authorizes second trial 118 In criminal cases may be granted on conviction 12 1 May be granted by Superior and City Court 6 4 6 Counties not to be formed 11 1 2 Notaries Public commissioned part of Judiciary 6 11 Appointment commission and powers6 8 1 Novation of Charter what shall so operate 4 2 3 0 Oath of voter if challenged 2 1 2 Of member of General Assembly 3 4 5 Of Governor 5 1 10 To pleas t 6 4 7 Obligation of contracts not to be impaired by law 13 2 Of contracts heretofore made by State binding 4 2 6 Office illegal holders of public money ineligible for 2 4 1 Who may not hold 2 2 1 Impeachment removes from and disqualifies for 3 5 5 Profiting from use of public money disqualifies for 7 9 1 Conviction of Dueling disqualifies for 2 4 2 Religious opinion does not disqualify for 1 1 13 In gift of Governor or Legislature legislator 2r 1 disqualified for i 3 4 7 Malfeasance in disfranchises 2 2 1 Officers and trustees of the people and amendable to them 111 Of one department disqualifies to act in another 1 1 23 Returns of election of where made 2 6 1 Of State or the United States disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7 Of Militia or Justice of the Peace may be legislator 3 4 7 Of General Assembly who are 5 11 Of Executive Department who are 3 8 1 Of Executive Department report suspension and removal of 5 1 18 Profiting from use of public fund punishable 7 9 1 Extra compensation to after service prohibited 7 16 2 Not to be interested in Public Printing 7 17 1 Not to levy on Homestead 9 2 1 Of County election removal and disqualification of 11 2 1 Of County to be uniform except Commissioners 11 3 1 Now existing to continue till successor qualified 12 1 7 Order passed by Legislator must have Governors approval 5 1 17 Ordinances rejected not to be again proposed unless by twothirds vote 3 7 13 Must have but one subject matter and same as title 3 7 8 Of the Convention authority of 12 13 Of the Convention to have effect of laws 12 1 8 See Ordinances in Appendix Ordinary Courts of part of Judiciary 6 1 1 Courts of jurisdiction of 6 6 1 Term of office 6 6 3 Origin of Government is with the people 1 1 1 P Papers secure from search and seizure except as provided 1 1 1 16 Pardon removes political disabilities of convict 2 2 1 Of Duelists removes political disabilities of convict 2 4 2 Power in Governor must report to the Legislature 5 1 12 Passage of bills reading necessaryi5 3 7 7 Of Bills majority of all members necessary 3 7 14 Passenger Tariffrestriction on 4 2 1 5 Paupers jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2 Affidavit relieves from costs in Supreme CottrtKS 6 21 1 Tax for support of 7 6 Paysee Compensation Salary Peace soldiers not to be quartered in houses in time of 1 1 19 Governor is conservator of 5 1 12 Penitentiary crimes punishable in to be tried in Superior Court 1 6 4 1 Per diem of members of the Legislature 3 9 1 Perquisites not allowed officers Executive Department 5 2 7 Not allowed Attorney General 1 6 13 1 From use of public funds by officers punishable 7 9 1 Persons and property to be protected by Government 112 Not to be molested for religious opinions 1 1 13 Rights not to be affected but by due process of law 1 13 May prosecute or defend in person or by attorney 114 Charged with offenses rights of 11 5 292 Life or liberty not to be jeopardized but once for same crime Houses and papers secure from illegal search Personally amount of exemption of from levy and sale Petitions and remonstrance right of guaranteed Pleas under oath in certain cases requiredc Police of the State right of people to regulate Power not abridged in favor of corporations Policyholders in Life Insurance Companies protected Poll tax not to exceed one dollar Goes to Educational purposes Practice in courts of same grade to be uniform Precincts for elections how changedy President of Senate elected by Senate viva voce Must sign acts S Per diem 1 Presides in joint session Acts as Governor when Press liberty of not to be curtailed1 Printing public to be let to lowest bidder Prisoners not to be abused Tax for support of by countiesyy Private ways to be allowed only compensation paid Acts authority of Rights accrued by law authority ofil Privileges special not to be irrevocably granted Special not to be revoked so as to do injusticeI Probate jurisdiction in Ordinary Proceedings of Legislature to be kept in journals Of courts of same grade to be uniform Process of law necessary to affect persons in their rights Proclamation of Governor calling extra session Of Governor on Ratification of Constitution Prohibition writs of issued by Judge of Superior Court Prolongation of Legislative session by two thirds vote Resolutions not submitted to Governori Promissory notes suits on where triedL Property of persons not to be molested for religious opinions Protection to shall be impartial and complete Not taken for public use without compensation Concealed by debtor to be reached by law Of wife not subject to husbands debts List of exempt from tax Amount of exempt from levy and sale Protection to person and property paramount duty of Government I Prosecution rights of defendants in cases of Provision waiver of exemption of restricted Public Funds embezzlement of disfranchises Officer not to receive profit from use pf Treasurer not to receive profit from use of See Money Public use of private property without compensation prohibited i Buildings jurisdiction of Ordinary A S P 1 1 8 1 1 16 9 1 1 1 1 24 6 4 7 1 5 4 2 2 3 12 13 7 2 3 8 3 1 6 9 1 3 7 11 3 5 8 3 7 13 3 9 3 3 10 1 5 1 1 1 1 18 7 17 5 1 1 9 7 6 2 1 3 1 12 1 4 12 1 5 1 3 2 1 3 3 6 6 1 3 7 4 6 9 1 1 1 3 5 1 13 13 2 2 6 4 5 3 4 6 3 7 23 6 16 5 1 1 13 1 1 2 1 3 1 1 2 6 3 11 1 7 2 2 9 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 5 9 3 1 2 2 1 7 9 1 5 2 5 1 3 1 6 6 2 293 Buildings tax by county for authorized Debt and institutions tax for1 Property charitable institutions and libraries exempt from taxL Printing let to lowest bidder Printing officers of Government not to be interested in School systemssee Education Publication of ones sentiments right of not to be curtailed Journal of General Assembly Receipts and disbursements of Treasury Intention to introduce Local Bills Reports of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 1 Proposed amendment to Constitution Punishment of crime by whipping or banishment prohibited 2L For contempt by Courts limited Not to be crueL or unusual Purchase of State Bonds with sinking fund Money homestead liable for Purchaser of Old Homestead how affected Q Qualification for Governor For Senator i For Representative Each House to judge of as to its own members Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer Judge Supreme and Superior Courts Solicitor and Attorney General County officers Quarantine tax by county for expenses of Quorum of each branch of Legislature is a majorityr Of Supreme Court R Railroad may be incorporated by Legislature Freights and Tariff subject to legislation May build branch roads free from conditions of Shall not deceive public as to rates See Corporations Railway Street not to run in City without its consent Rates of freight and passage subject to legislation Public not to be deceived as to amount charged Realty Homestead of Rebate of rates charged by Railroad not allowed Recognizance when Legislature may relieve from forfeiture of Reelection Governor not eligible for four years after two terms Registration of Electors may be required by law Rejection of nomination by Senate effect of Of bill by Legislature effect of Religious opinion civil and political rights not affected by Denominations not to receive money from State Worship places of may be exempt from tax Remittance of sentence in power of Governor A S P 7 6 2 7 1 1 7 2 2 7 17 1 7 17 1 8 1 1 1 1 15 3 7 4 3 7 11 3 7 15 7 15 1 13 1 1 1 1 1 1 20 1 1 9 7 14 1 9 2 1 9 8 1 5 1 7 2 5 1 3 6 1 3 7 1 5 2 6 6 14 11 11 2 1 7 6 2 3 4 4 6 2 1 3 7 18 4 2 1 4 2 3 4 2 5 3 7 20 4 2 1 4 2 5 9 1 1 4 2 5 3 7 19 5 1 2 2 2 1 5 1 13 3 7 13 1 1 13 1 1 14 7 2 2 5 1 12 294 Of forfeited Charter only on conditions v Remonstrance and petition right of guaranteed Removal of legislator from district vacates his seat Of disabilities in power of Governor Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer Of Justice of the Peace for malpractice Of County Officers From office effect of impeachment Repeating law form of Reports of Insurance Companies to the Governor Of Treasurer and Comptroller to the Governorr Representatives election and term of Qualification of House of part of General Assembly Number and apportionment of members of Apportionment how changed Representatives House of Speaker of how elected Clerk of compensation and bond of Impeachment power vested in Local and Special bills must originate in Appropriation and Revenue bills must originate in Journal ofsee Journal Representation of Constitutional Convention apportionment of t Reprieve in power of Governor Residence requisite to voteI Resignation of Governor who acts in case of Resolutions of appropriation must be passed by yeas and nays Requiring Governors approval Requiring a two thirds vote yeas and nays must be recorded Having effect by law result of rejection Retroactive legislation prohibited Returns of election of Legislators each House to judge for itself To whom made Of Governor how made Of Governor how puhlishedIi1 Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer On ratification of Constitution Revenue bills must originate in House of Representatives Deficiencies of in State supplied by loansL Deficiencies of in County or City And roads County Commissioners for Rights not enumerated are hot denied1 Roads jurisdiction in Ordinary a v V Tax for keeping up by County1 And revenue County Commissioners fori S Sailor in U S Service not entitled to vote because not stationed here Salary of Governor Of Treasurer Secretary of State and Comptroller Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and Solicitors Generalg A S P 4 2 5 1 1 24 3 4 8 5 1 12 5 1 18 7 3 11 2 1 3 5 5 3 7 17 3 12 5 7 15 1 3 4 12 3 6 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 2 2 3 6 2 3 8 1 3 6 3 3 7 15 3 7 10 13 1 2 5 1 12 2 1 2 5 1 8 3 7 12 5 1 17 3 7 21 3 7 13 1 3 2 3 7 1 2 6 1 5 1 4 5 1 1 5 2 5 13 2 2 3 7 10 7 3 1 7 7 1 11 3 1 1 5 1 6 6 1 7 6 2 11 3 1 2 1 2 5 1 2 5 22 34 6 13 1 295 Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts how changed g Of State school Commissioner Sale of States property proceeds to go to public debts Exempt from Of Homesteads how affected Of old Homestead heretofore made ratified Savannah errors of City Court of corrected in Supreme Court Scire Facias writ of issued by Judge Superior Court Schools Public how established by City or County3 Public existing local system not affected Not public may share school fund when See Education Seal Great use and design of Search of persons houses and papers warrant for Seconds in Duel on conviction disqualified for office Secretary of State returns of election to be made to Officer of Executive Department Election of Salary and Clerk hire of Eligibility and Bond of Perquisites to forbidden Is keeper of Great Seal Senate compensation and bond of Governor compensation of Securities on forfeited recognizances when relieved Seizure of persons and papers provisions against Seminaries of learning may be exempt from tax Senate is a branch of General Assembly Consists of 51 members May propose amendments to appropriation and revenue bills Impeachment to be tried beforeifej Senate nomination rejected by effect of President and Secretary ofSee President and Secretary Senatorial Districts number composition and change of Senators number not to be increased Election and term of Qualification of Sentence commuted or renytted by Governor Servitude involuntary except as punishment for crime prohibited Sessions of General AssemblySee General Assembly Of Supreme Court Of Superior Court Of Justices Court Setting aside Homestead laws to be provided for Shares in one corporation not enough to be bought by another to monopolize Shows special tax on goes to education purposes Sinking fund provided for Site of county how changed Slavery forbidden Social status of citizens not subject of legislation A S P 6 13 2 8 2 1 7 13 1 9 1 1 9 3 1 9 8 1 6 2 5 6 4 5 8 4 1 8 5 1 8 5 1 5 8 1 1 1 18 2 4 2 2 1 9 5 1 1 5 2 1 5 2 3 5 2 6 5 2 7 5 3 1 3 8 1 5 1 19 3 7 19 1 1 16 7 2 2 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 7 10 3 5 3 5 1 15 3 2 123 3 2 3 3 4 12 3 5 1 5 1 12 1 1 17 6 2 5 6 4 8 6 7 2 9 4 1 4 2 4 8 3 1 7 14 1 11 1 4 1 1 17 1 1 18 296 S A S P Soldiers not to be quartered in private houses except when 1 1 19 Of U S not to vote on account of being stationed here 2 1 2 Artificial limbs for maimed Confederates 7 11 Solicitors General term of office and duties of 6 11 12 Election by the Legislature 6 12 1 Salary ofs6 13 1 Qualifications ofL 6 14 1 Speaker of House of Representatives how elected 3 6 2 Must sign Acts bs 3 7 13 Per diem of 3 3 9 1 Acts as Governor when 5 18 Special law not to be enacted when provision is made by general law L 14 1 Changing general law in particular cases how passed 14 1 For benefit of corporation conditionalj 4 2 3 Election of Governor 5 19 See Local Speech Liberty of not to be curtailedJ 1 1 15 State aid to corporations or persons in any manner prohibited i7 5 1 State aid by donation prohibited 7 16 1 To religious denomination prohibited 1 1 14 Printer office abolishedS 7 17 1 State School Commission election and term 8 2 1 Statement of Treasurer to be publishedL 3 7 11 Stockholder in corporation State county or city not to be M 7 5 6 1 Street railroad not to run in city without consent of authorities 3 7 20 Suits may be brought by or against counties 11 1 1 Against State to test void or Confederate bonds prohibited rI 7 11 1 See Venue Superior Court is part of Judiciary 6 11 Jurisdiction of exclusive 6 4 1 Jurisdiction of general and appellategl 6 4 3 4 Jurisdiction of to issue extra writs 6 4 5 Appeal and new trials in 6 4 6 Appeal from Ordinary to 6 6 1 Appeal from Justices to 6 7 2 Sessions of 6 4 8 Judge one for each circuit and term of6 3 1 Election of 6 12 1 Salary and qualification ofL 6 1314 1 May change venue when 6 17 1 May preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2 May preside in City Court when 6 5 1 Appoints Notary Public ex officio Justice of the Peace 6 8 1 Sanctions sale of Homesteads 9 3 8 1 Supplemental Homesteads laws to be provided for 9 5 1 Supreme Court part of Judiciary 6 11 Constitution of p 6 2 1 Jurisdiction sessions and practice1 6 2 5 6 7 Cost in and paupers affidavit 6 21 1 297 Judges election and term Judges election and vacancies how filled Salary and qualifications of When disqualified in particular case Suspension from office of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer T Tax to be paid before voting i Defaulters ineligible to Legislature i By County Ordinarys jurisdiction By county or city to meet bonded indebtedness By county or city for school purposes By county limited to certain purposes May be imposed by Legislature for what purpose Must be uniform ad valorem and by general law On domestic animals of vicious nature Exemptions from other exemptions void Poll for educational purposes Special for educational purposes States power to impose not to be restrained Of corporations not to be Surrendered To raise a Sinking Fund Lien good against Homestead Act Authority of Act must originate in the House Telegraph Companies may be incorporated by Legislature Terms of office of Governori1 Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer Judge of Supreme Court Judge of Superior Courtxz Justice of the Peace Ordinary Attorney and SolicitorGeneral State School Commissioner County Officers Members of General Assembly Testimony criminating himself witness not obliged to give Title law must not contain matter different from To land cases involving where brought To land cases involving jurisdiction in Superior Court Treason what is and how convicted of Conviction of disfranchise x Pardon respite or commutation for Treasurer election and term of office Examination by Governor Officer of Executive Department Removal of f Perquisites not allowed Fee other than salary not allowed to Salary and Clerks hire of Bond and qualification of To receive deposits from Fire Insurance Companies A S P 6 2 4 6 12 1 6 1314 1 6 2 2 5 1 18 2 1 2 3 4 7 6 6 2 7 7 2 8 4 1 7 6 2 7 1 1 7 2 1 7 2 1 7 2 24 7 2 3 8 3 1 4 1 1 7 2 5 7 14 1 9 2 1 12 1 3 3 7 10 3 7 18 5 1 2 5 2 1 6 2 4 6 3 13 6 7 1 6 6 3 6 1011 1 8 2 1 11 2 1 3 4 1 1 1 6 3 7 8 6 16 2 6 4 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 5 1 12 5 2 1 5 1 18 5 1 1 5 1 18 5 2 7 5 2 5 5 2 2 5 2 6 3 12 4 298 To make quarterly reports to Governor Treaty force and authority of Trial a speedy and impartial one is the right of defendant By jury remains inviolate1 The University of Georgia may accept donations etc U Judges of Supreme Court Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and Solicitor General Uniformity required in operation of general laws In county officers and tribunals1 In courts of same grade In taxation Treaties and laws authority of Soldiers not entitled to vote for being stationed here y Judge of Supreme Court Judge of Superior Courts Judge of Supreme and Superior Courts and Solicitor Generalg Validity of bonds not to be tried by Judge who is Venue in cases of divorce Of land titles I Of Equity Not paid unless called out by State Who is not entitled to A S P 7 15 1 7 14 1 3 7 11 12 1 1 1 1 5 6 18 1 11 3 1 1 1 1 8 6 1 9 1 1 5 1 9 6 2 4 6 12 1 1 4 1 11 3 1 6 9 1 7 2 1 8 6 1 1 4 2 12 1 1 2 1 2 5 1 8 6 2 4 6 3 2 6 12 1 5 1 13 5 1 14 6 2 3 7 11 1 9 4 1 6 16 1 6 16 2 6 16 3 6 16 4 5 6 16 6 6 17 1 6 4 7 6 15 1 6 7 23 3 10 1 7 11 1 10 1 2 10 1 3 2 1 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 299 A S By General Assembly to be viva voce 3 10 Of twothirds being required yeas and nays must be recorded 1 3 7 Of twothirds being required does not do away with Governors approval 3 7 Of twothirds overrides Governors veto 3 7 Of General Assembly having effect of law submitted to Governor 5 1 Of General Assembly in elections must appear in House Journal 3 10 W Waiver of Homestead 8 3 Of old exemption 9 5 War bonded debt may be increased for purpose of1 7 12 Debt of county or city for may be assumed by State 7 8 Debt may be contracted to defend State in time of 7 3 Quartering soldiers in house in time of 1 1 Tax to defend State in time of 7 1 Warrant for search how obtained j 1 1 Ways private may be granted after compensation paid 1 3 Wearing apparel waiver of exemption on limited 9 3 Western Atlantic RR if sold proceeds how applied 7 13 Whipping as punishment for crime prohibited 1 1 White and colored public schools to be separate 8 1 Widows pensions provided forg 7 1 Wifes property is her separate estate after marriage 3 11 Wild Land Clerk compensation ofi 5 2 Witnesses in criminal cases rights of defendants as to 1 1 Not compelled to criminate themselves 1 1 Two necessary to covict of treason 1 2 Worship of God may be according to consciencei2 1 1 Place of may be exempt from tax 7 2 Y YEAS AND NAYS TO BE RECORDED IN JOURNAL At request of onefifth 3 7 On appropriation bills and resolutions1 3 7 When twothirds vote is required 3 7 On amendments to Constitution 13 1 P 1 21 23 23 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 16 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 5 6 2 12 2 6 12 21 1 300 CxA lH13 SI M2 I S RECEWtO JA 2 6 393