THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA Date Ek EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT STATE OF GEORGIA JOHN M SLATONGovernor A H ULMSecretary Executive Department J G PERRYPrivate Secretary to Governor I S HOPKINS Warrant Clerk Miss ALMA NORRIS Recording Secretary PHILIP COOKSecretary of State WILLIAM A WRIGHTComptrollerGeneral WILLIAM J SPEER ITreasurer THOMAS S FELDERAttorneyGeneral J D PRICECommissioner of Agriculture M L BRITTAINState School Commissioner J W LINDSEY i Pension Commissioner H M STANLEYCommissioner of Labor J VAN HOLT NASHAdjutantGeneral Mrs M B COBBState Librarian F W McCALLIEj State Geologist E L WORSHAM State Entomologist R e Stallingsistate chemist PETER F BAHNSENState Veterinarian P B LATIMERKeeper of Public Buildings J E MERCERState Game Warden L L KNIGHT Compiler of Colonial Records P A METHVIN Pure Food Inspector T A CHEATHAMDrug Inspector W C BRYANTState Oil Inspector RAILRAD COMMISSION C M CANDLER Chairman GEORGE HILLYER J F GRAY JAMES A PERRY PAUL TRAMMELL PRSON COMMISSION R E DAVIDSON Chairman T E PATTERSON E L RAINEY 1 THE generXl library UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA 1 state LIBRARY gift 1938 GOODLOE H YANCEY Secretary THE GENERAL LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ATHENS GEORGIA MEMBERS AND OFFICERS of the SENATE OF GEORGIA 1913 and 1914 J RANDOLPH ANDERSON President SAVANNAH E L SMITH Pres Pro Tem EDISON CHARLES S NORTHEN Secretary ATLANTA CHAS P HANSELL Asst Secy THOMASVILLE L G BRANNON Chief Clerk GEORGETOWN FLYNN HARGETT Messenger COLUMBUS I J STEPHENS Doorkeeper NEWNAN MEMBERS OF THE SENATE OF GEORGIA FOR SESSION OF 1913 and 1914 First DistrictChatham Bryan and Effingham J R ANDERSONSavannah Second DistLiberty McIntosh Tattnall and Toombs C M TYSON Darien Third DistWayne Pierce Appling and Jeff Davis G W TAYLOR Blackshear Fourth DistrictGlynn Camden and Charlton W M OLLIFF Folkston Fifth DistrictWare Clinch and Coffee J L SWEAT Waycross Sixth DistrictEchols Lowndes Berrien and Tift W L CONVERSE Valdosta Seventji DistrictBrooks Thomas Colquitt and Grady S M TURNER Quitman Eighth DistrictDecatur Mitchell and Miller W J BUSH Colquitt Ninth DistrictEarly Calhoun and Baker E L SMITH Edison Tenth DistrictDougherty Lee Worth and Turner L L FORDIAlbany Eleventh DistrictClay Randolph and Terrell J N WATTS Shellman Twelfth DistrictStewart Webster and Quitman G Y HARRELL Lumpkin Thirteenth DistrictSumter Schley and Macon C H RICHARDSONMontezuma Fourteenth DistrictDooly Wilcox Pulaski Crisp and Blakely M E RUSHIN 6 Vienna Fifteenth DistrictMontgomery Telfair Irwin Dodge Ben Hill and Wheeler O H ELKINS Fitzgerald Sixteenth DistrictLaurens Emanuel and Johnson FRED KEA Dublin Seventeenth DistScreven Bulloch Burke and Jenkins C H PARRISH Statesboro Eighteenth DistRichmond Glascock and Jefferson O L KELLY Mitchell Nineteenth DistrictTaliaferro Green and Warren C E McGREGOR Warrenton Twentieth DistBaldwin Hancock and Washington JOHN T ALLEN Milledgeville Twentyfirst DistrictTwiggs Wilkinson and Jones S E JONES Jeffersonville Twentysecond DistrictBibb Monroe and Pike W D McNEIL Macon Twentythird DistrictHouston Crawford and Taylor R L DICKEY Musella Twentyfourth DistrictMuscogee Marion and Chattahoochee B S MILLER Columbus Twentyfifth DistrictHarris Upson and Talbot R O BULLOCH Chipley Twentysixth DistrictSpalding Butts and Fayette W E H SEARCY SRGriffin Twentyseventh DistrictNewton Walton Oconee and Rockdale A H FOSTER Covington Twentyeighth DistrictJasper Putnam and Morgan GRANT D PERRY Madison Twentyninth DistrictWilkes Columbia McDuffie and Lincoln N B CHENNAULT IChennault 7 Thirtieth DistrictOglethorpe Madison Elbert and Clarke R T DuBOSE Athens Thirtyfirst DistrictHart Habersham Franklin and Stephens J T PEYTON Mt Airy Thirtysecond DistrictWhite Dawson and Lumpkin J H MOORE Dahlonega Thirtythird DistrictHall Banks and Jackson W W STARK Commerce Thirtyfourth DistrictGwinnett DeKalfe and Henry M D IRWIN Lawrenceville Thirtyfifth DistrictCobb Fulton and Clayton G M HUIE Riverdale Thirtysixth DistrictCampbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas J T LONGINO Fairburn Thirtyseventh DistrictCarroll Heard and Troup J T HIXON Villa Rica Thirtyeighth DistrictHaralson Polk and Paulding W E SPINKS Dallas Thirtyninth DistrictMilton Cherokee and Forsyth W W JONES Cumming Fortieth DistrictUnion Towns and Rabun J F JOHNSON Hiwassee Fortyfirst DistrictPickens Fannin and Gilmer A H BURTZ Ellijay Fortysecond DistrictBartow Floyd and Chattooga JOHN W L BROWN Cartersville Fortythird DistrictMurray Gordon and Whitfield M C TARVER Dalton Fortyfourth DistrictWalker Dade and Catoosa LE POPE Wildwood 8 COMMITTEES ACADEMY OP BLIND Jones S E Chairman Kelly ViceChairman Dickey Foster Perry AGRICULTURE Chennatjlt Chairman Perry ViceChairman Brown McGregor Bush Moore Dickey Peyton ITixon Pope Huie Rushin Jones S E Searcy Jones W W Watts APPROPRIATIONS Stark Chairman Converse ViceChairman Allen Parrish Bulloch Peyton Burtz Richardson Ford Smith Huie Taylor Irwin Turner Moore 11 AUDITING Taylor Chairman McGregor ViceChairman Bulloch Jones W AV Pope BANKS Huie Chairman Stark AiceChairman Brown Johnson Chennault Jones S E Converse Perry Irwin COMMERCE AND LABOR Ford Chairman Kea AiceChairman Converse Turner Longino AVatts Perry CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE RE APPORTIONMENT Sweat Chairman Elkins ViceChairman Converse Tarver DuBose CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS Harrell Chairman Burtz ViceChairman Bush Tyson DuBose r Sweat Elkins Spinks Hixon Searcy Kea Kelly 12 CORPORATIONS Btjrtz Chairman Oil iff Perry Rushin Irwin ViceChairman Tyson Watts COUNTY AND COUNTY MATTERS Rushin Chairman Dickey Poster Jones W W Pope Moore ViceChairman Taylor Tyson Watts EDUCATION Poster Chairman Bush Chennault Irwin Jones S E Longino McGregor Richardson Smith ViceChairman Hixon Converse Searcy Swat Turner Parrish Miller ENGROSSING Olliff Chairman Pope ViceChairman Bulloch Moore Jones W W ENROLLMENT Tyson Chairman Kelly Poster Taylor VicerChairman Kea Searcy FINANCE Miller Chairman Chennault ViceChairman Brown Bush Converse DuBose Jones S E McNeil Perry Richardson Rushin Spinks Tarver HALLS AND ROOMS Bulloch Chairman Ford ViceChairman Dickey Elkins HYGIENE AND SANITATION Johnson Chairman Richardson ViceChairman DuBose Hixon Longino INSURANCE DuBose Chairman Bush ViceChairman Chennault Harrell Johnson Jones S E McNeil Rushin INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS Jones W W Chairman Hixon ViceChairman Kelly Longino JOURNALS Kelly Chairman Rushin ViceChairman Foster McGregor Irwin GENERAL JUDICIARY McNeil Chairman Allen ViceChairman Bnrtz Sweat Elkins Smith Ford Stark Harrell Spinks Irwin Tarver Kea Turner Miller Tyson Olliff SPECIAL JUDICIARY Elkins Chairman Tarver ViceChairman Ford Olliff Foster Searcy Irwin Stark Kea Tyson Miller MANUFACTURES Bush Chairman Turner ViceChairman Bulloch Burtz MILITARY AFFAIRS Converse Chairman McGregor ViceChairman Elkins Smith Longino Taylor McNeil Tyson Richardson 15 MINES AND MINING Watts ViceChairman Tyson PENITENTIARY Moore Chairman Tarver Tarver Chairman Burtz Johnson Jones W W Moore Olliff McGkegob Chairman Miller McNeil Bulloch ViceChairman Parrish Peyton Pope Rusliin Taylor PENSIONS Seabcy ViceChairman Perry Stark PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS Kea Chairman Jones W W ViceChairman Harrell Peyton PRIVILEGES OF FLOOR Richabdson Chairman Ford ViceChairman Brown Johnson PUBLIC LIBRARY Parrish Chairman Huie Foster ViceChairman Moore PUBLIC PRINTING Dickey Chairman Olliff ViceChairman Bush Foster PUBLIC PROPERTY Watts Chairman Jones S E ViceChairman Burtz DuBose Chennault Sjsinks PUBLIC ROADS Turner Chairman Dickey ViceChairman Brown Rnshin Burtz Sweat Parrish RAILROADS Peyton Chairman Elkins Ford Jones S E Spinks Harrell ViceChairmam Sweat Tarver Watts RULES The President Chairman exofficio Miller ViceChairman Allen Spinks McNeil Stark Smith SCHOOL FOR DEAF Pope Chairman Hixon ViceChairman Smith Taylor STATE OF REPUBLIC Perry Chairman McNeil ViceChairman Harrell Miller Hixon STATE SANITARIUM Longino Chairman Johnson ViceChairman Brown Olliff Foster Kelly Huie Richardson Irwin Rnshin McGregor Taylor C TEMPERANCE Hixon Chairman Searcy ViceChairman Allen Bush Bullocli Converse Dickey Miller Elkins Parrish Ford Stark Kelly Sweat McNeil UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA Allen Chairman DuBose ViceChairman Hnie Miller Johnson Peyton Longino 18 WESTERN ATLANTIC RAILROAD Brown Chairman Spinks ViceChairman Allen Miller Chennault Parrish DuBose Smith Harrell Stark Huie Sweat McNeil Tarver RULES OF THE SENATE THE PRESIDENT Rule 1 The President shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful Rule 2 In all cases of election by the Senate the President shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the Senate shall be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the President may vote Rule 3 When two or more Senators shall rise at the same time the President shall name the Senator entitled to proceed Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the President unless otherwise ordered by the Senate Rule 5 The method of stating the question on any motion by the President shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the President or a division of the Senate is called for by any one member of the Senate the President shall call upon the Senators in favor of the motion to rise and after a count s had by the Secretary he shall call upon the Senators to reverse their positions and the President shall announce the result 23 Discretion of President When President shall vote Right of Senator to the floor to be decided by the President President to appoint committees Method of stating a question by President President may name Senators to preside Duty of Secretary when President is absent When no debate on appeals Appeals to be made at once Power of President to suspend subordinate officers When President may order galleries and lobbies cleared Rule 6 The President may during a days sitting name any Senator to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the President shall be absent the President pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Secretary of the Senate shall call the Senate to order and shall preside until a President pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the Senate The President pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease Rule 8 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate Rule 9 All appeals from the decisions of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made Rule 10 The President shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the Senate within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the Senate may see fit to take in the premises Rule 111 The President shall have power to cause tije galleries and lobbies of the Senate cleared by the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested 24 and brought before the bar of the Senate to be dealt with for contempt of the Senate Rule 12 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the Senate the President may order the door of the Senate to be closed and the roll of Senators called by the Secretary and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the Senate and any Senator present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the Senate Rule 13 The President may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays where a division of the Senate discloses the fact that a quorum of the Senate has not voted Rule 14 All questions as to priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the President without debate ON DECORUM AND DEBATE Rule 15 When any Senator is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the Senate he shall arise from his seat and respectfully address himself to Mr President He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject nor more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any Senator in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the Senate the President shall call him to order in which case the Senator so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The Senate shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the Senate be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offence shall be re No quorum voting duty of President When President may order vote taken by yeas and nays Decision on questions of priority Conduct of Senators in debate Appeals 25 Expulsion See Rule 147 Exception to words spoken Silence Mode of designating Senators Shall not vote when interested in result proved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the Senate by a twothirds vote of the Senators which said vote shall be taken by ayes and nays Rule 16 If any Senator be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Secretary and read then admitted denied or explained by the Senator who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the Senate may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at the time the Senate is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main question have been disposed of or until such further time as may then be ordered by the Senate But no Senator shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the Senate for words spoken in debate if any other Senator has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken Rule 17 The members of the Senate shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking Senator shall have taken his seat Rule 18 The Senators shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the districts they represent Rule 19 No Senator shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is personally interested and in every case where the seat of a Sena 26 tor is being contested the sitting Senator and the contestant shall both retire from the Senate before the vote is taken Rule 20 Any Senator may have entered on the Journal a protest in writing against the action of the Senate said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the Senate nor any member thereof Rule 21 No Senator shall address the Senate ridr interrogate a Senator who is speaking except through the President and if the Senator speaking declines to be interrupted the President shall cause the Senator desiring to interrogate him to be silent Rule 22 No Senator shall pass between the Chair and a Senator while he is speaking nor shall any Senator at the time of adjournment Rave his seat until the President retires Rule 23 No Senator shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another Senator or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the House except as to the final action taken by the House in any pending matter Rule 24 No smoking shall be allowed in the Senate Chamber during the Sessions of the Senate nor shall conversation be permitted within the Chamber Rule 25 In nominating candidates for any office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged Rule 26 Applause or hisses in the Senate Chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech Protests Duty while Senator is speaking and at adjournment Restrictions in debate Applause and hisses forbidden 27 No debate during yeas and nays Only one motion be made at a time Explanation Reading of papers Motion to excuse when made Excuses from voting or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed Rule 27 During the calling or reading of ayes and nays on any question no debate shall be had Rule 28 No Senator can make more than one motion at a time and while the motion is being put to the Senate he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the President Rule 29 On all questions except such as are not debatable any Senator on the call of the ayes and nays shall be allowed five minutes as a matter of right in which to explain his vote Where the vote on any question is not taken by ayes and nays no Senator shall be allowed to explain except by unanimous consent No motion or request shall be entertained to vary this rule nor to extend a Senators time for explaining Rule 30 When the reading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any Senator it shall be determined by a vote of the Senate and this motion shall be decided without debate Rule 31 A motion to excuse a Senator from voting must be made before the Senate divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without debate except that the Senator making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail Rule 32 No Senator shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then move to table the bill resolution or motion or move the previous question thereon without relinquishing the floor 28 DIVISION OF A QUESTION Rule 33 Any one Senator may call for a division Kgj for of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it Rule 34 The Senator calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he how We would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself and be consistent and entire BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Rule 35 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order in which they stand on the calendai resolutions and before reading any bill or resolution the second orjeror third time the Secretary shall distinctly state its number and the name of the Senator by whom introduced Provided that the General AppropriaWBill and the General Tax Bill shall have precedence on third reading over all other matters even Social Orders until the said bills shall have been finally disposed of Rule 36 Every motion or request to take up general bills or resolutions out of their regular order Proviso and every motion or request for special orders snail tionstobe be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the Senate Rule 37 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the first reading Upon the introduction of Questiin any bill or resolution or other matter requiring reference to a committee the President shall as a matter of course and without debate commit the 29 Effect of favorable report of committee Adverse report of committee Bills when withdrawn Reports of committees order of action same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the Senate In case of engrossment of any bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Secretary and the bill or other matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed Rule 38 Where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill etc the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question unless recommitted Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill etc on the secondreading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill etc shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill etc shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Provided that no bill etc adversely reported shall be taken up for a second reading except by motion of some Senator Any bill etc may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the Senate Rule 39 When a bill etc favorably reported by a committee is on its third or last reading if the report of the committee is disagreed to by the Senate the bill or measure shall be lost unless the action of the Senate in disagreeing to the committee report is reconsidered within the proper time Rule 40 The President shall not recognize any Senator at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to place any general bill on its passage out of its regular order Neither shall he recognize any request for unanimous consent for the introduction of new matter or to read any bill or resolution the second time or to place any local bill or resolution on its passage except during the first H 30 minutes after the confirmation of the Journal The President shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any one time Rule 41 Where a bill or a resolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the Senate Rule 42 All bills and resolutions shall be written or printed and shall have the name of the Senator introducing the same as well as the district he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same Rule 43 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the Senate by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the Senate agreeing thereto Rule 44 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the House on the day of the passage thereof unless a majority of the Senators present shall so order Rule 45 The Committee on Rules during the last seven legislative days of each session shall arrange and fix the calendar of business for each day and such calendar shall be a standing and continuing special order during said period and no matter shall be taken up or acted on otherwise than in the order and manner fixed by such calendar except by a threefourths vote of those present Bills and resolutions to be in writing How inddorsed Bills when printed Transmission to House by majority vote 31 Order of precedence Not debatale when may be renewed Amendment When debatable When made When not to order 1 PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS Rule 46 When any subject is before the Senate for consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following towit 1st A motion to adjourn 2d A motion to lay on table 3d A motion for the previous question 4th A motion to postpone indefinitely 5th A motion to postpone to a day certain 6th A motion to commit 7th A motion to amend Which said several motions shall have precedence in the order named MOTION TO ADJOURN Rule 47 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second lime until further progress has been made in the business before th Senate A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended Rule 48 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the Senate is not actually engaged in other business is debatable and is amendable as to the day or time proposed Rule 49 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time when the Senator moving it can legitimately obtain the floor Rule 50 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Secretary has called the first 32 name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one Senator has been given or after a division of the Senate has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced Rule 51 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the Senate to the next sitting day or time in course Rule 52 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the Senate is being taken by the yeas and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the Senate is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the Senate shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE Rule 53 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on the table shall be in order Rule 54 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the Senate is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken from the table it is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar Rule 55 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes Effect of adjournment Hour of adjournment What business postponed Amendment or substitute cannot be laid on table How matters may be taken from table When renewed Not debat able or amendable What can be tabled When in order Effect of previous question Twenty minutes debate allowed Rule 56 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable Rule 57 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again Rule 58 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on table is in order THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION Rule 59 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the first question shall be Shall th call for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made before the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affifmatively decided by a majority vote said motions will be out of order and the Senate cannot adjourn until the previons question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives Rule 60 When the previous question has been ordered the Senate shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the dbate When the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such Senators as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule Rule 61 After the main question is ordered any Senator may call for a division of the Senate in taken taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays but on all questions on which the yeas and nays are called the assent of onefifth of the number nays one fifth neces present shall be necessary to sustain the call and sary when such call is sustained the yeas and nays shall be entered on the journal Rule 62 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the Senate to a vote on pending questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved Rule 63 After the main question has been ordered a motion to reconsider this action will if ation when adopted have the effect to repeal the ordering of in orderboth the main question and the previous question and will leave the pending measure again open to debate and amendment This motion to reconsider the ordering of the main question can be made only once and if lost or if the main question is again subsequently ordered on the pending measure no second motion to Reconsider the ordering of the main question shall be entertained ifjye library Gil GENERAL LIBRARY 3rWEOTVERSITY OF GEORGIA GEORQIjf HENS GEORGIA Effect of main question being ordered Contested elections How called and ordered Call of the Senate when in order Questions of order Effect Not amendable Rule 61 In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any matter if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member of said committee whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report Rule 65 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection Rule 66 A call of the Senate shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the President that a quorum is not present Rule 67 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE Rule 68 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session Rule 69 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended 36 Rule 70 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule Rule 71 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has once been voted down MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN Rule 72 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another This motion cannot be renewed or made a second time to the same measure on the same day Rule 73 The motion to postpone to a day certain cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but only to the whole measure It is amendable by substituting one day or time for another If a day proposed is known to he beyond the limits of the Session the motion shall be treated as one to indefinitely postpone MOTION TO COMMIT Rule 74 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee When cannot be applied Not renewed Debate when and how allowed Motion to commit 37 Precedence of When debatable How amended Motion to recommit Amend ments how made Bill first perfected then the substitute Rule 75 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on Rule 76 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated Rule 77 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the Senator making the motion Rule 78 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum Motion to Amend Rule 79 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended towit 1st By inserting or adding words 2d By striking out words 3d By striking out and inserting words An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Rule 80 When a bill or resolution is before the Senate for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the Senate to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as 38 amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute Rule 81 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the Senate unless said action of the Senate in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Rule 82 All motions to amend any matter before the Senate must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added Rule 83 On all questions whether in committee or in the Senate the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put Rule 84 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend Rule 85 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected Rule 86 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the Senate shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Secretary in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was When too late to amend Must be in writing Priority Blanks Caption when amended Amending by sections 39 Amendments by striking out and inserting Priority of amendment to perfect Amending House amend ments See Rule 130 Priority Priority of questions on House amendments referred shall be read by the Secretary without any motion being made in the Senate and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it Rule 87 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Secretary shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended Rule 88 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out Rule 89 When any bill or resolution which originated in the Senate has been amended in the House and is before the Senate for action on the House amendment an amendment may be offered in the Senate to the House amendment but the Senate amendment to the House amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down Rule 90 A motion to amend an amendment made by the House to a Senate bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment Rule 91 The questions which arise before the Senate respecting amendments by the House to a Senate bill or resolution are 1st A motion to agree to the House amendment 2d A motion to disagree to the House amendment 3d A fnotion to recede from its disagreement or amendment 40 4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment 5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendemnt They take precedence in the above order RECONSIDERATION Rule 92 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be readmit shall be in the power of any Senator to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter has been previously reconsidered provided such Senator shall notify the Senate of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed Rule 93 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made Rule 94 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once Rule 95 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the time for unanimous consents on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action Rule 96 The action of the Senate upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates Rule 97 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of calendar of bills then in order for a third reading Motion to reconsider Shall not be withdrawn when When there may be one reconsideration When in order Amendments when reconsidered Place of Calendar 41 Morning rollcall dispensed with by majority vote Names of absentees noted Power to compel at tendance Sergeant atarms Call how ordered Subsequent proceedings ABSENTEES Rule 98 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the Senate shall not be dispensed with except by a majority vote of the Senators present Rule 99 Upon the call of the Senators ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Secretary and shall appear upon the Journal COMPELLING ATTENDANCE Rule 100 The power to compel the attendance of Senators in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the President and to this end he may have the doors of the Senate closed When the doors are so closed no Senator shall be allowed to retire from the Senate without first obtaining leave from the Senate The Messenger of the Senate shall be exofficio SergeantatArms of the Senate and on order of the President may arrest any absentees and bring them before the Senate when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid CALL OF THE SENATE Rule 101 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present or when the President shall officially state the fact to the Senate it shall be in order for any Senator to make a motion for a call of the Senate and when this motion is made the President shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the Senate prevail and if five of the Senators present shall vote in the affirmative the President shall order the Secretary 42 to call the rell of Senators and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the Senators present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by officers be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the Senate shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged MISCELLANEOUS RULES Rule 102 When a message is sent to the Senate it shall be announced at the door of the Senate by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent Rule 103 Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce vote is being taken A message shall be presented to the Senate by the President when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business on which the Senate is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the Senate Rule 104 After a motion is stated by the President or read by the Secretary it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Senate but may be withdrawn at any time before decision by consent of the Senate Rule 105 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the Messages Messages when re ceived and considered Motions Petitions memorials etc 43 No debate Motions not privileged Record Not necessary to second motion Committees how and when en larged Privileges of the floor petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading Rule 106 Any motion to suspend the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate Rule 107 Any motion not privileged containing new matter shall lie at least one day on the table Rule 108 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Secretary shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting Rule 109 Where a motion is made by any Senator it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the Senate Rule 110 After the announcement of the standing committees no other Senators shall be placed theron unless it be at the request of a majority of the committee to be added thereto except when Senators have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the President may assign said Senators to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships Rule 111 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the Senate except the Senators and officers thereof the officers and members f the House the Governor of the State and the heads or officers of the Executive Department exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and Court of Appeals in actual commission expresiding officers of the Senate and House and such others as the Senate may allow upon recommendation of the committee on the privileges of the floor 44 Rule 112 It shall he the duty of the committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the Senate that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Secretary Rule 113 The hours of the morning sessions of the Senate shall be from ten oclock A M to one oclock P M when the Senate shall stand adjourned until ten oclock A M of the next succeeding day Sundays excepted unless otherwise ordered by the Senate Rule 114 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate Rule 115 All writs warrants subpoenas issued by order of the Senate shall be signed by the President and attested by the Secretary Rule 116 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the yvants of the Senate while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the President and to execute the demands of the Senate from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the President Rule 117 The Messenger under the direction of the Secretary shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed to the members he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them Rule J18 No committee shall deface or interlint a bill resolution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendments recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate Duty of Committee on Journals Adjourn ment Motion for yeas and nays not debatable Signature of President and Secretary Duty of Messenger Messengers duty in distributing documents etc Interlineation forbidden 45 Pairing Committee of Conference Amend ments Free debate Motion Majority and minority reports Rule 119 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not voting Rule 120 Whenever any Senator moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the number of memebrs be appointed if said motion prevails the President shall appoint a committee on the part of the Senate and in such case the committee shall consist only of such Senators as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the Senate and if by inadvertence any Senator be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the Senate and be excused by the President Rule 121 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the Senate it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the Senate but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment Rule 122 No Senator shall after debating any question and before yielding the floor be allowed to submit any motion the effect of which shall be to prevent further debate Rule 123 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out a part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first in order Rule 124 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent Rule 125 Every motion for information from the Executive or other departments shall lie on the table one day unless referred to a committee by vote of the Senate Rule 126 On the call of the yeas and nays the Secretary shall read the names of the Senators after they have been called and no Senator shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question Rule 127 Questions of privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the Senate collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of Senators individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions Provided that when any matter is pending before the Senate no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question is disposed of Rule 128 In all elections a majority of the Senators present shall be necessary to a choice Rule 129 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays are called and recorded All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money must originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Rule 130 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal and when any amendment to the Con What mo tions lie on table Changing votes Questions of privilege Elections Appropriating money yeas and nays called and recorded Must originate in House Representatives Amendment to Constitution entered in full in journals 47 Caption or title only to be read in local bills Secretary to take oath and give bond Oath of enrolling and engrossing Clerks Must be ex amined by enrolling committee and be recommended by it as competent Secretary must enter on journals proceedings of joint sessions stitution shall be agreed to by a twothirds vote of members elected such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on the Journal in full with the yeas and nays taken thereon Rule 131 The first and second reading of local bills shall consist of the reading of the titles only unless said bill is ordered engrossed Rule 132 The Secretary and Assistant Secretary shall before entering on their duties as such take an oath before their presiding officer to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge and the Secretary shall enter into bond in the sum of 5000 conditioned for faithful discharge of his duties Said bond to be approved by President of Senate Rule 133 All engrossing and enrolling clerks before entering upon the discharge of their respective duties shall take an oath before the President of Senate to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge of which a minute shall be made and entered on the Journals and no journalizing recording enrolling or engrossing clerk shall be appointed by the Secretary of Senate until such clerk has been examined by the Enrolling Committee and certified to be competent and well qualified for the discharge of the duties required of him and shall be removed at any time upon recommendation of the Enrolling Committee Rule 134 When there is a meeting of both branches of the General Assembly in joint session the Secretary shall enter in the journal of the Senate the proceedings af the same COMMITTEES Rule 135 The President shall appoint the following standing committees Committee on Academy for the Blind Committee on Agriculture Committee on Appropriations Committee on Auditing Committee on Banks Committee on Commerce and Labor Committee on Congressional and Legislative Reapportionment Committee on Constitutional Amendments Committee on Corporations Committee on Education and Public Schools Committee on Engrossing Committee on Enrollment Committee on Finance Committee on Hall and Rooms Committee on Hygiene and Sanitation Committee on Insurance Committee on Internal Improvements Committee on Journals Committee on Judiciary for consideration of general bills Committee on Judiciary for consideration of special or local bills Committee on Manufactures Committee on Military Affairs Committee on Mines and Mining Committee on Penitentiary Committee on Pensions Committee on Privileges and Elections Committee on Privileges of the Floor Committee on Public Library Committee on Public Printing Committee on Public Property 49 Committee on Public Roads Committee on Railroads Committee on Rules of which the President shall be exofficio Chairman Committee on School for the Deaf Committee on State of the Republic Committee on State Sanitarium Committee on Temperance Committee on University of Georgia Committee on W A Railroad The Chairman and ViceChairman of the Committee on Appropriations shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Finance and the Chairman and ViceChairman of the Committee on Finance shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations ORDER OF BUSINESS Rule 136 The following shall be the order of business 1 Prayer by the Chaplain 2 Call of the Roll 3 Report of Committee on Journals 4 Notices of motions to reconsider 5 Reading the Journal 6 Confirmation of the Journal 7 Motions to reconsider 8 Unanimous consents 9 Reports of Standing Committees 10 Reports of Select Committees 11 Messages from the Governor 12 Unfinished business 13 Special Orders and Orders of the Day 14 Messages from the House of Representatives 15 Introduction of bills etc the first time on Mondays Wednesdays and Thursdays 50 16 Reading House bills etc the first time for reference 17 Reading bills etc second time favorably re ported from committees 18 Consideration of bills etc adversely reported on Tuesdays and Fridays 19 Reading for third time of bills etc ready for passage 20 Motions resolutions and petitions Rule 137 The report of the Committee on Rules shall be in order at any time and messages from the Governor or from the House of Representatives may be received under any order of business Rule 138 No change of or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addiction be submitted in writing and referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the Senate Rule 139 The rules of the Senate shall in no case be suspended or changed or the order of business changed except by a twothirds vote a quorum of the Senate being present and voting Rule 140 The Auditing Committee before auditing the account of any Senator for expenses as a Committeeman or incurred in discharge of any duty as a member of the Senate shall require of him an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item whenever the same is practicable Rule 141 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies 51 RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION 1 When nominations shall be made by the Governor to the Senate a future day shall be assigned for their consideration unless the Senate directs otherwise 2 When acting on executive business the Senate shall be cleared of all persons except the Senators the Secretary and Assistant Secretary 3 All information or remarks touching or concerning the character or qualifications of any person nominated by the Governor for office shall be kept secret 4 The Legislative and Executive proceedings of the Senate shall be kept in separate and distinct books 5 All nominations approved by the Senate or otherwise definitely acted on shall be transmitted by the Secretary to the Governor with the determination of the Senate thereon from day to day as such proceedings may occur but no further extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished published or otherwise communicated during any session except by special order of the Senate and in transmitting the determination of the Senate thereon the Secretary shall in no instance furnish a list of the names of Senators voting in the affirmative or negative but only the fact of confirmation or rejection and the numerical vote and the record of votes shall be sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of States office there to be placed on file 6 A majority of a quorum shall be necessary to confirm the nomination to any office made by the Governor and sent to the Senate for approval When nominations are made by the Governor for any office which requires the assent and approval of the Senate in executive session after the Secretary shall read the name of the party nominated and the position to which he is appointed the President shall put to the Senate the following Shall the nomination of the Governor be confirmed by the Senate Those who favor the confirmation will as your names are called vote Aye those opposed vote No After the roll is called the President will announce the result of the ballot and declare the result as follows It appears from the vote that a majority of the Senators have voted to confirm the appointment made by the Governor the same is hereby confirmed by the Senate or A majority of the Senators have voted against the confirmation of the nomination made by the Governor it is therefore rejected by the Senate 7 No Senator will be at liberty at any time or under any circumstances to expose or publish anything transpiring in executive session except only such matters as are required to be disclosed under the rules It is the intent and meaning of this rule that the business transacted in executive session shall be sacred and free from exposure to the outside world and that every Senator shall be on his honor concerning the same 53 RULES For the Government of the General Assembly When Assembled in Joint Session RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION pi The time of the meeting of the two houses in joint session shall be determined by the concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law 2 The elections shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result 3 The votes are to be taken for but one election at the same time and a majority of the whole number of votes cast is necessary to a choice 4 The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet in joint session in the hall of the House of Representatives on the first Monday of every session at 10 oclock a m or at such time as may be fixed by joint resolution of both houses for the purpose of electing such officers of said State as are now or may hereafter be required to be elected by the General Assembly Said joint session shall continue in morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of said officers are elected 5 At the hour determined by the concurrent resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Representatives 57 6 The President of the Senate shall preside and announce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly 7 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate 8 In announcing a candidate the mover shall not make any commendatory or other remarks 9 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order to second such nomination and when the nomination is declared closed the President shall forthwith order the rollcall and each member when called shall rise in his seat and respond promptly announcing distinctly his choice for such office 10 In the elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote unless he will rise and state in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote has been recorded by mistake 11 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order 12 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence of the former 13 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always 58 be in order except that after the call of the roll has commenced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate 14 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened 35 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber 16 The majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session 17 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or either of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal of its consent to the same Officers and Members of the House of Representatives OFFICERS of the HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1913 and 1914 Hon W H BURWELL of Hancock Speaker Hon E H McMICHAEL of Marion Speaker Pro Tem Hon JNO T BOIFEUILLET of Bibb Clerk D F McCLATCHEY of Cobb Reading Clerk E B MOORE of Taliaferro Journal Clerk D T PAULK of Ben HillMessenger W T MORRIS of Talbot Doorkeeper I MEMBERS of the House of Representatives of Georgia with COUNTY AND POSTOFFICE 19131914 NAMES OF MEMBERS ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED NAME COUNTY POSTOFFICE Adams Frank L PikeZebulon Adams J 0 HallGainesville Akin L RGlynnBrunswick Allen J RPickensTalking Rock Allen L 0JacksonHoschton Allen W D GlascockMitchell Anderson H HMurraySpring Place Anderson Tom EBanksBaldwin R F D No 1 Arnold N DOglethorpeArnoldsville Arnold R JHenryHampton Atwood Geo EMcIntoshValona Ballard Ike VColumbiaHarlem Beck I H PT CarrollBowdon Bell J MClayBluffton Bennett N OWaltonLoganville Berry S EWhitfieldDalton Blackburn R BFultonAtlanta Booker F GWilkesWashington Brinson W MJenkinsMillen Brookshear J MLumpkinDahlonega Bryan J CCatoosaRinggold Bullard D BCampbellPalmetto Burney P SMorganMadison Burwell W HHancockSparta Carlton John AColquittMoultrie Carter J HApplingAlma 65 NAME COUNTY POSTOFFICE Carter T F Stewart Richland Cheney John P Cobb Marietta Clark C M Dougherty Albany Clements J B Irwin Irwinville Cochran Ralph 0 Fulton Atlanta Cole E D Bartow Cartersville Coleman J A Calhoun Edison Coleman W B Laurens Dexter Collins W H Grady Cairo Connor W H Spalding Griffin Cook W F Chattahoochee Cusseta Cooper L J Ware Waycross Corn John A Towns Young Harris Crawley J L Ware Waycross Culpepper A EL Clinch Homerville Culpepper N F Meriwether Greenville Davidson W T Putnam Eatonton Dean E W Paulding Hiram DeVaughan Carl L Macon Montezuma Dodd W A Bartow Taylorsville Dorough T G Franklin Royston Dorris W I Douglas Douglasville Duncan C C Dooly Unadilla Edmondson G C Brooks Quitman Ellis R C Tift Tifton Ennis J H Baldwin Milledgeville Estes W H Lincoln Lincolnton Evans J H Screven 5 Sylvania Farriss S W Walker LaFayette Field Alonzo DeKalb Stone Mountain Foster John C Floyd Rome Fowler B J Bibb Macon Fullbright H J Burke Waynesboro Garlington S F Richmond Augusta Gower 0 T Crisp Cordele Green Garnett A Wilkes Washington Greene A B Houston Fort Valley Griffin William H Lowndes 1 Valdosta Grimes W J Miller Colquitt Hammack W D Randolph Coleman Hardeman R N Jefferson Louisville Hardin Thomas J Monroe Forsyth Harrell W G Sr Decatur 66 Bainbridge NAME COUNTY POSTOFFICE Harris J J Washington Sandersville Hart John S Warren Gibson Hayes D S Stephens Estanolle Heath E V Burke Waynesboro Henderson J A Jones Gray Hendrix John W Union Gaddistown Herrington J L Emanuel Nunez Hines W F Troup Mountville Hodges A J Brooks Morven Hollberg C F Coweta Senoia Holtzclaw R N Houston Perry Hopkins H W Thomas Thomasville Jackson W A White Cleveland James W B Gilmer Oak Hill Johnson John C Montgomery Mt Vernon Jones Garland M Coweta Newnan Jones 0 K Lowndes Valdosta Keen James H Echols Stockton Kidd W J Baker Milford Kimbrough T H Harris Cataula Lane J L Jasper Gladesville Lane J T Decatur Iron City Ledbetter L S Polk Cedartown Lee E B Lee Leesburg Lee W W Wilkinson Gordon LeSueur R C Crawford Roberta Liles A J Camden St Marys Lipscomb F A Clarke Athens Loyd A L Newton Covington McCalla J H Rockdale Conyers McCantS H G Tavlor Ellaville McCarthy Joseph Chatham Hartwell McCrory C R Schley Greenville McCurry A A Hart Blakely McGehee 0 W Meriwether Buena Vista McLendon R R Early Rochelle McMichael E H Marion McRae McRae C D Wilcox Woodville McRae Tom J Telfair Butler R F D No 2 McWhorter W P Greene Savannah Meaders A W Oconee Watkinsville Meadows C S Wayne Screven Melson DP Clayton Jonesboro 67 NAME COUNTY POSTOFFICE MethvinC M Dodge Eastman Middleton D S Dade Rising Fawn Miller Wallace Bibb Macon Mills J H Butts Jenkinsburg Moon E T Troup LaGrange Moore Henry G Jeff Davis Hazlehurst Moss H B Cobb Marietta Moye B H Johnson Wrightsville Myrick Shelby Chatham Savannah Neal Ernest Gordon Calhoun Nevil S F Bulloch Register Nunnally W J Floyd Rome Olive Samuel L Richmond Augusta Oliver T W Quitman Georgetown Palmour J E Hall Gainesville Parker J H Liberty Ludowici R F D No 2 Parks P C Upson Thomaston Paulk George A Berrien Alapaha Paulk W T Ben Hill Fitzgerald Perkins Vance Habersham Mt Airy Pharr G W Gwinnett Lawrenceville Pickett D C Terrell Dawson Picquet Charles A Richmond Augusta Ragland Tinsley Talbot Talbotton Rainey H N Jr Jackson Winder Ransom W M Chattooga Menlo Redwine C D Fayette Fayetteville Reese B C Thomas Pavo Reese J C Milton Alpharetta Reiser J W Effingham Clio Reynolds G W Charlton Folkston Rhodes J F Clarke Athens Shadburn T C Gwinnett Buford Sheppard J E Sumter Americus Shipp H H Pulaski Finleyson Shuptrine Herman C Chatham Savannah Simpson J N Cherokee Holly Springs Slade J J Muscogee Columbus Slater W F Bryan Ellabelle Smith B L Fannin Blue Ridge Smith John Y Fulton Atlanta Smith R Frank DeKalb Decatur Smith Will Rabun Clayton 68 NAME COUNTY POSTOFFICE Sparks C W Toombs Vidalia Spence John R Carroll Carrollton Spence J M Mitchell Camilla Stewart C E Coffee Willacoochee Stone C H Taliaferro Crawfordville Stone J R Dawson Ball Ground Stovall A S J Elbert Elberton Stovall J Glenn McDuffie Thomason Strickland H J Pierce Blackshear Suggs G L Haralson Bremen Sumner G S Worth Shingler Swift H H Muscogee Columbus Taylor S J Sr Washington Davisboro Taylor W B Laurens 1 Dexter Thompson J R P Madison Colbert Tootle G W Tattnall Glenn ville Tracy C C Webster Preston Turner A A Bulloch Metter Wall J N Elbert Middleton Warren Lott Turner R Sycamore Wheatley Crawford Sumter Americus Whitaker D B Heard Franklin Wimberly Minter Bibb Macon Wisdom Louis E Forsyth Gumming Wohlwender E Muscogee Columbus Wood A J Twiggs Fitzpatrick Wood W H Walton Logansville Woods I S Emanuel Swain sboro Wright Barry Floyd Rome 69 MEMBERS of the House of Representatives of Georgia with COUNTY AND POSTOFFICE 19131914 NAMES OF COUNTIES ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE Appling J H Carter Alma Baker W J Kidd Milford Baldwin J H Ennis Milledgeville Banks Tom E Anderson Baldwin R F D No 1 Bartow E D Cole Cartersville Bartow W A Dodd Taylorsville Ben Hill W T Paulk Fitzgerald Berrien George A Paulk Alapaha Bibb Minter Wimberly Macon Bibb B J Fowler Macon Bibb Wallace Miller Macon Brooks G C Edmondson Quitman Brooks A J Hodges Morven Brvan W F Slater Ellabelle Bulloch A A Turner Metter Bulloch S F Nevil Register Burke H J Fullbright Waynesboro Burke E V Heath Waynesboro Butts J H Mills Jenkinsburg Calhoun J A Coleman Edison Camden A J Liles St Marys Campbell D B Bullard Palmetto Carroll I H P Beck Bowdon Carroll John It Spence Carrollton Catoosa J C Bryan Ringgold Charlton G W Reynolds Folkston 71 COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE Chatham Joseph McCarthy Savannah Chatham I Shelby Myrick Savannah Chatham Herman C Shuptrine Savannah Chattahoochee W F Cook Cusseta Chattooga W M Ransom Menlo Cherokee J N Simpson Holly Springs Clarke F A Lipscomb Athens Clarke J F Rhodes Athens Clay J M Bell Bluffton Clayton D P Melson Jonesboro Clinch AH Culpepper Homerville Cobb John P Cheney Marietta Cobb H B Moss Marietta Coffee C E Stewart Willacoochee Colquitt John A Carlton Moultrie Columbia Ike V Ballard Harlem Coweta Garland M Jones Nfewnan Coweta C F Hollberg 1 Senoia Crawford R C LeSueur Roberta Crisp 0 T Gower Cordele Dade D S Middleton Rising Fawn Dawson J R Stone Ball Ground R 3 Decatur W G Harrell Sr Bainbridge Decatur J T Lane Iron City DeKalb Alonzo Field Stone Mountain DeKalb R Frank Smith Decatur Dodge C M Methvin Eastman Dooly C C Duncan Unadilla Dougherty C M Clark Sr 1 Albany Douglas W I Dorris Douglasville Early R R McLendon Blakely Echols James H Keen Stockton R F D 1 Effingham J W Reiser Clyo R F D No Elbert A S J Stovall Elberton Elbert J N Wall Middleton Emanuel J L Herrington Nunez Emanuel I S Woods Swainsboro Fannin B L Smith Blue Ridge Fayette C D Redwine Fayetteville Floyd John C Foster Rome Floyd BarryWright Rome Floyd W J Nunnally Rome Forsyth Louis E Wisdom Cumming 72 COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE Franklin T G Dorough Royston Fulton R B Blackburn Atlanta Fulton John Y Smith 1 Atlanta Fulton Ralph 0 Cochran Atlanta Gilmer W B James Oak Hill Glascock W D Allen Mitchell Glynn L R Akin Brunswick Gordon Ernest Neal Calhoun Grady W H Collins Cairo Greene W P McWhorter Woodville Gwinnett I G W Pharr Lawrenceville RFD 3 Gwinnett T C Shadburn Buford Habersham Vance Perkins Mt Airy Hall J 0 Adams Gainesville Hall J E Palmohr Gainesville Hancock W H Burwell Sparta Haralson G L Suggs Bremen Harris T H Kimbrough Cataula Hart A A McCurry Hartwell Heard D B Whitaker Franklin Henry R J Arnold Hampton Houston S R N Holtzclaw Perry Houston 1 A B Greene Fort Valley Irwin J B Clements Irwinville Jackson L C Allen Hoschton Jackson H N Rainey Jr Winder Jasper J L Lane Gladesville Jeff Davis Henry G Moore Hazlehurst Jefferson R N Hardeman Louisville Jenkins W M Brinson Millen Johnson B H Moye Wrightsville Jones J A Henderson Gray Laurens 1 W B Taylor Dexter Laurens W B Coleman Dexter Lee E B Lee Leesburg Liberty J H Parker Ludowici R F D No 2 Lincoln WH Estes Lincolnton Lowndes 1 William H Griffin Valdosta Lowndes 0 K Jones Valdosta Lumpkin J M Brookshear Dahlonega Macon Carl L DeVaughn Montezuma Madison J R P Thompson Colbert Marion E H McMicheal Buena Vista 73 COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE McDuffie J Glenn Stovall Thomson McIntosh Geo E Atwood Valona Meriwether N F Culpepper Greenville Meriwether 0 W McGehee Greenville Miller W J Grimes Colquitt Milton J C Reese Alpharetta Mitchell J M Spence Camilla Monroe Thomas J Hardin Forsyth Montgomery John C Johnson Mt Vernon Morgan P S Burney Madison Murray H H Anderson Spring Place Muscogee J J Slade Columbus Muscogee 1 E Wohlwender Columbus Muscogee H H Swift Columbus Newton A L Loyd Covington Oconee A W Meaders Watkinsville Oglethorpe N D Arnold Arnoldsville Paulding 1 E W Dean Hiram Pickens J R Allen Talking Rock Pierce H J Strickland Blackshear Pike Frank L Adams Zebulon Polk L S Ledbetter Cedartown Pulaski H H Shipp Finleyson Putnam W T Davidson Eatonton Quitman T W Oliver Georgetown Rabun Will Smith Clayton Randolph W D Hammack Coleman Richmond S F Garlington Augusta Richmond Samuel L Olive Augusta Richmond Charles A Picquett Augusta Rockdale J H McCalla Conyers Schley C R McCrory Ellaville Screven J H Evans Sylvania Spalding W H Connor Griffin Stephens D S Hayes Estanolle Stewart T F Carter Richland Sumter Crawford Wheatley Americus Sumter J E Sheppard Americus Talbot Tinsley Ragland Talbotton Taliaferro C H Stone Crawfordville Tattnall G W Tootle Glennville Tavlor H G McCants Butler R F D No 2 Telfair Tom J McRae McRae 74 COUNTY NAME POSTOFFICE Terrell D C Pickett Dawson Thomas H W Hopkins Thomasville Thomas B C Reese Pavo Tift R C Ellis Tifton Toombs C W Sparks Vidalia Towns John A Corn Young Harris Troup W F Hines Mountville Troup E T Moon LaGrange Turner Lott Warren Sycamore Twiggs A J Wood Fitzpatrick Union John W Hendrix Gaddistown Upson P C Parks Thomaston Walker S W Fariss LaFayette Walton N 0 Bennett Logansyille Walton W H Wood Logansville Ware J L Crawley Way cross Ware L J Cooper Waycross Warren John S Hart Gibson Washington J J Harris Sandersville Washington S J Taylor Sr Davisboro Wayne C S Meadows Screven Webster C C Tracy Preston White W A Jackson Cleveland Whitfield S E Berry Dalton Wilcox C D McRae Rochelle Wilkes F G Booker Washington Wilkes Garnett A Green Washington Wilkinson W W Lee Gordon Worth G S Sumner Shingler 75 Standing Committees of the House of Representatives STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE ACADEMY FOB THE BLIND Greene of Houston Chairman Mills ViceChairman Anderson of Banks Pharr Keen Lee of Wilkinson McRae of Wilcox Perkins Spence of Carroll Tracy Warren AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION Myrick Chairman Hopkins ViceChairman r Adams of Hall Blackburn Cheney Edmondson Ennis Gower Griffin LeSueur McCurry Nunnally Smith of Fannin Stone of Taliaferro Wimberly Wisdom APPROPRIATIONS Wheatley Chairman Methvin ViceChairman Berry Brookshear Bnrney Connor Culpepper of Meriwether Dean Ennis Farris Foster Fullbright Greene of Houston Griffin Hollberg Lane of Jasper Ledbetter McLendon Meaders of Oconee Meadows of Wayne Nevil Olive Palmonr Rhodes Smith of Fulton Taylor of Washington AUDITING Tracy Chairman Lane of Decatur ViceChairman Anderson of Banks Sumner Melson BANKS AND BANKING Cooper Chairman Carlton ViceChairman Arnold of Oglethorpe Bullard Ledbetter Meadows of Wayne Ragland Redwine Clements Lane of Jasper Shadburn Shipp Sumner Thompson 80 CONSERVATION Hardin Chairman Neal Vice Allen of Pickens Bell Ellis Middleton Chairman Perkins Reynolds Stone of Dawson CORPORATIONS Bullard Chairman Stovall of McDuffie ViceChairman Cochran Garlington Harrell Hollberg Jackson Jones of Lowndes Moon Moore COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS Wimberly Chairman Duncan ViceChairman Allen of Pickens Ballard Carter of Appling Greene of Houston Herrington Lane of Decatur Pickett Slade Bell Bennett Smith of DeKalb Suggs Sumner Taylor of Laurens Wall 81 EDUCATION James Chairman Ransom ViceChairman Adams of Pike Anderson of Murray Arnold of Henry Beck Clements Dodd Evans McCarits McCrory McMichael Meadows of Wayne Mills Neal Nevil Wall Reese of Thomas ENGROSSING Hines Chairman Kidd ViceChairman Ballard Beck Burney James Nevil Ransom Reese of Thomas Smith of DeKalb Sparks ENROLLMENT Edmondson Chairman Hollbeeg ViceChairman Anderson of Murray Cheney Connor Cooper Davidson Dodd Estes Hammack Lane of Jasper Loyd McCants Meadows of Wayne Methvin Neal Simpson Thompson 82 EXCUSE OF MEMBERS Collins Chairman Liles ViceChairman Red wine Wood of Walton Spence of Carroll GAME AND FISH Rainey Chairman Atwood ViceChairman Corn Culpepper of Clinch Dodd Keen Kimbrough Liles Parks Perkins Smith of Rabun Tootle Wohlwender Woods of Emanuel GENERAL AGRICULTURE No 1 Kimbrough Chairman Strickland ViceChairman Allen of Glascock Arnold of Oglethorpe Booker Coleman of Calhoun Cook Dodd Foster Hardin Hart Hines Ilcllberg Johnson Lane of Jasper Lee of Lee Lipscomb McWhorter Mills Parker Paulk of Ben Hill Reese of Milton Reynolds Smith of DeKalb Stewart Suggs Turner Wood of Walton 83 GENERAL AGRICULTURE No 2 Clements Chairman Taylor of Washington ViceChairman Arnold of Henry Beck Carter of Stewart Coleman of Laurens Culpepper of Clinch Duncan Grimes Harrell Oliver Parks Pharr Reiser Simpson Hendrix Hodges J ackson Keen Lee of Wilkinson Liles McLendon Melson Spence of Carroll Stone of Taliaferro Tootle Warren Woods of Emanuel generai judiciary N g Wohlwender Chairman Olive ViceChairman Adams of Hall Anderson of Murray Blackburn Cheney Crawley De Vaughn Dorough Fullbright Garlington Griffin Harris Henderson Holtzclaw Loyd McCrory Miller Moss Myrick Slater Smith of Fannin Sparks Stovall of Elbert Wisdom Wright 84 GENERAL JUDICIARY No 2 Gower Chairman Wimberly ViceChairman Adams of Pike Connor Edmondson Ellis Field Fowler Green of Wilkes Hardeman Heath Hopkins Jones of Coweta LeSueur Culpepper of Meriwether Davidson McCall a McCurry Moon Moye Nunnally Picquet Sheppard Smith of Fulton Swift Whitaker GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF Foster Chairman Reese of Thomas ViceChairman Bennett Cole Coleman of Calhoun Collins Culpepper of Clinch Hart Johnson Lee of Lee McRae of Wilcox Stone of Dawson Wood of Twiggs GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM Thompson Chairman Estes ViceChairman Arnold of Henry Lane of Decatur Atwood Lee of Wilkinson 85 Brinson Carter of Appling Ennis Farris Grimes Hammack Hayes Hines Moore Spence of Mitchell Strickland Taylor of Laurens Warren Wood of Twiggs Woods of Emanuel HALLS AND ROOMS McMichael Chairman Edmondson ViceChairman Paulk of Ben Hill HYGIENE AND SANITATION Allen of Jackson Chairman Shuptrine Arnold of Henry Dean Estes Farris McRae of Wilcox ViceChairman Paulk of Berrien Shipp Stovall of Elbert Tootle INSURANCE McRae of Telfair Chairman Ledbetter ViceChairman Gower Moore Jones of Coweta Picket McCrory Ragland McLendon 86 INVALID PENSIONS AND SOLDIERS HOME Meaders of Oconee Chairman Brinson ViceChairman Allen of Glascock Reiser Coleman of Calhoun Turner Lee of Wilkinson Wood of Walton JOURNALS Carter of Appling Chairman Hayes ViceChairman Allen of Glascock Sparks Brookshear LABOR AND LABOR STATISTICS McCarthy Chairman Moye ViceChairman Atwood McLendon Bryan Methvin Coleman of Laurens Moon Crawley Olive Green of Wilkes Parks MANUFACTURES Harris Chairman Crawley ViceChairman McCarthy MILITARY AFFAIRS Spence of Mitchell Chairman Wright ViceChairman Palmour Picquet Wheatley Akin Carlton Clark Connor Fowler Oliver 87 MINES AND MINING Middleton Chairman Anderson of Murray ViceChairman ryan Reese of Milton Corn MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT Picquet Chairman Clark ViceChairman Bennett Berry Booker Dorough Eield Henderson Hodges McCalla Pharr Pickett Shipp PENITENTIARY Slater Chairman Smith of Fannin ViceChairman Adams of Pike Allen of Pickens Anderson of Banks Bell Brinson Cochran Coleman of Laurens Collins Corn Davidson Dodd Ennis Hayes Herrington James Kidd Lee of Lee McCants McCarthy Middleton Mills Neal Oliver Parker Reese of Milton Reynolds Smith of Rabun Spence of Mitchell Stone of Dawson Stovall of McDuffie Strickland Taylor of Washington Wohlwender Wood of Twiggs 88 PENSIONS McWhorter Chairman Burney ViceChairman Ballard McGehee Clark Simpson Cook Slade Hammack Stovall Johnson Tracy Kimbrough W arren PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS Moss Chairman McCurry ViceChairman Hendrix Reiser Ransom PRIVILEGES OP THE FLOOR Rhodes Chairman Paulk of Berrien Atwood Miller Hardeman PUBLIC HIGHWAYS Simpson Chairman Jackson ViceChairman Brookshear Hendrix Carter of Stewart Herrington Cook Hodges Davidson PUBLIC LIBRARY Dorough Chairman McCants ViceChairman Hardin Smith of Rabun 89 PUBLIC PRINTING Bryan Chairman Booker ViceChairman Dorris LeSneur Henderson McCalla J ames PUBLIC PROPERTY Field Chairman Berry ViceChairman Akin Holtzclaw Carter of Appling McGehee Dorris Methvin RAILROADS Holtzclaw Chairman Culpepper of Meriwether ViceChairman Arnold of Oglethorpe Wall Cooper Wimberly DeVanghn McRae of Telfair Fullbright Pickett REFORMATORIES Ellis Chairman Moss ViceChairman Allen of Jackson Shadburn Grimes 90 EULES Burwell ExOfficio Chairman Blackburn ViceChairman Hardeman Eedwine Miller Ehodes Nunn ally Shuptrine Paulk of Berrien Slade Eagland SPECIAL JUDICIARY Duncan Harrell Loyd Meaders Wisdom Chairman Heath ViceChairman Moye Shadburn Sheppard of Oconee Whitaker TEMPERANCE Adams of Hall Chairman Ennis ViceChairman Dean Evans Hopkins McRae of Telfair McWhorter Parker Parks Rainey Shuptrine Slater Stone of Taliaferro Swift Wheatley UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA AND ITS BRANCHES Lipscomb Chairman Palmour ViceChairman Green of Wilkes Loyd Hart Taylor of Laurens Heath Turner 91 WAYS AND MEANS Akin Chairman Cole ViceChairman Bullard Cochran Cooper De Vaughn Dorris Estes Evans Darlington Jones of Coweta Jones of Lowndes Lipscomb McGehee Melson Myrick Oliver Paulk of Ben Hill Rainey Sheppard Stewart Suggs Stovall of Elbert Swift Thompson WESTERN ATLANTIC RAILROAD Cheney Chairman Jones of Lowndes ViceChairman Allen of Jackson Carlton Carter of Appling Cole Fowler Hammack Harris McMiehael Smith of Fulton Stewart Whitaker Wright 2 Standing Rules of the House of Representatives Adopted July 18 1913 THE SPEAKER Rule 1 The Speaker shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful Rule 2 In all cases of election by the House the Speaker shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the House be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the Speaker shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member Rule 3 When two or more members shall rise at the same time the Speaker shall name the person entitled to proceed Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House Rule 5 The method of stating a question or any motion by the Speaker after the same has been read to the House by the Clerk shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the Speaker or a division of the House is called for by any one member of the House the Speaker shall call upon the members Discretion of Speaker When Speaker shall vote Right of member to the floor to be decided by the Speaker Speaker to appoint committees Methods of stating a question by Speaker 95 Speaker may name members to preside Duty of Clerk when Speaker is absent Appeals from ruling of the Speaker When no debate on appeals Appeals to be made at once in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their positions and the Speaker shall announce the result Rule 6 The Speaker may during a days sitting name any member to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the Speaker shall be absent the Speaker pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Clerk of the House shall call the House to order and shall preside until a Speaker pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the House The Speaker pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease Rule 8 Should any member of the House be dissatisfied with the ruling of the Speaker on any point he shall rise and respectfully address the Speaker and say I appeal from the decision of the Chair The Speaker will then state to the House the point ruled on and his decision on it and shall then put the question of appeal to the House as follows All in favor of the decision of the Chair standing as the sense of this House will say Aye Those opposed will say No and the decision of the House in sustaining or overruling the Speaker shall be final Rule 9 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate Rule 10 All appeals from the decision of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened 96 from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made Rule 11 Where debate is permissible on appeals from the decision of the Chair any member after being recognized by the Speaker may address his remarks directly to the House Rule 12 The Speaker shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the House within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the House may see fit to take in the premises Rule 13 The Speaker shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the House cleared by the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the House to be dealt with for contempt of the House Rule 14 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the House the Speaker may order the bar of the House to be closed and the roll of members called by the Clerk and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the House and if any member present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the House Rule 15 The Speaker may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays where a division of the House discloses the fact that a quorum of the House has not voted When members may address the House Power of Speaker to suspend subordinate officers When Speaker may order galleries and lobbies cleared No quorum voting duty of Speaker When Speaker may order vote taken by yeas and nays 97 Decision on questions of priority Conduct of members in debate Appeals Expulsion Exception to words spoken Proviso Rule 16 All questions as to the priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the Speaker without debate ON DECORUM AND DEBATE Rule 17 When any member is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the House he shall rise from his seat and respectfully address himself to Mr Speaker He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject or more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any member in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the House the Speaker shall call him to order in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The House shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the House be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offense shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the House by a twothirds vote of the members which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays and recorded on the Journal of the House Rule 18 If any member be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Clerk and read then admitted denied or explained by the member who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the House may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at the time the House is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken 98 up for decision until after the previous question and the main question have been exhausted or until such further time as may then be ordered by the House But no member shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the House for words spoken in debate if any other member has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken Rule 19 The members of the House shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking member shall have taken his seat Rule 20 The members shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the place in which they may be or the county they represent Rule 21 No member shall address the House except as heretofore stated in case of appeals or interrogate a member who is speaking except through the Speaker and should the member speaking decline to be interrupted the Speaker shall cause the member desiring to interrogate to be silent Rule 22 No member shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is immediately and particularly interested In every case where the seat of a member is being contested the sitting member and the contestant shall both retire from the House before the vote is taken Rule 23 Any member may enter a protest in writing against the action of the House sid protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the Silence Mode of designating members House how addressed Questions and inter ruptions Shall not vote when interested in result Protests 99 Smoking and conversation prohibited Duty while member is speaking and at adjournment Matters transpiring in Senate Committees and private conversation not to be referred to Laudatory and disparaging remarks when forbidden Applause and hisses forbidden No debate during yeas and nays Only one motion can be made at a time Explanation grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive ob the House nor any member thereof and such protest shall be entered by the Clerk upon the Journal of the House Rule 24 No member shall smoke in the House nor shall he converse with any one over the bar thereof Rule 25 No member shall pass between the Chair and a member while he is speaking nor shall any member at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the Speaker retires Rule 26 No member shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another member or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the Senate Rule 27 In nominating candidates for any office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged Rule 28 Applause or hisses in the Representative chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed Rule 29 During the calling or reading of yeas and nays on any question no debate shall be had Rule 30 No member can make more than one motion at a time and while the motion is being put to the House he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the Speaker Rule 31 On all questions except such as are not debatable any member on the call of the ayes 100 and nays shall as a matter of right be allowed three minutes in which to explain his vote Where the vote on any question is not taken by ayes and nays no member shall be allowed to explain except by unanimous consent of the House No motion shall be entertained to vary this rule nor to extend a members time for explaining Rule 32 When the reading of any paper is called HH 0 J r r Reading of for and the same is objected to by any member papers it shall be determined by a vote of the House and this motion shall be decided without debate Rule 33 Every member within the hall when a question is put shall vote unless he is imme bers shall diately and particularly interested therein or the House shall excuse him A motion to excuse a member from voting must be made before the Motion to 0 excuse House divides or before the call of the yeas and when made Excuses nays is commenced and it shall be decided without from voting debate except that the member making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail Rule 34 No member shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then make any motion the effect of which is to cut off debate without relinquishing the floor Rule 35 Any member may call for a division of J J Call for the question on a subject in which the sense thereof division will admit of it Rule 36 The member calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what carts Division he would have the question divided of the divided proposition must be So DIVISION OF A QUESTION 101 Qualifying paragraph exception and proviso Strike out and insert not divisible Call of counties Bills and resolutions called in order Proviso if taken away the remainder can stand by themselves and be consistent and entire Rule 37 A qualifying paragraph an exception or a proviso if taken from that to which it belongs would not contain a distinct or entire proposition Rule 38 A motion to strike out and insert is an indivisible proposition BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Rule 39 The Clerk shall on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call the Counties for the introduction of new matter beginning alternately at the first and last of the alphabet Provided that no member shall introduce more than one bill of a general nature on any day except companion bills Rule 40 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Clerk shall distinctly state its number and the name of the member by whom introduced provided that House and Senate bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up for a second reading except by request of the authors of such bill or resolution or some member of the House provided that the General Tax Bill and the General Appropriation Bill shall take precedence on third reading over all other matters even Special Orders until the said Bills shall have been finally disposed of Rule 41 Every motion to suspend the rules for the purpose of taking up bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion to make special orders shall except by the unanimous consent of the House be submitted in writing and 102 reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the House Rule 42 The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent for the introduction of new matter nor to read any bill or resolution the second time or any local bill or resolution a third time or to put any local bill or resolution upon its passage or to make special orders for any bill or resolution except during the first thirty minutes after the confirmation of the Journal or after the reading of the Journal has been dispensed with The Speaker shall not recognize any member at any time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent to put any general bill or resolution upon its passage The Speaker shall entertain but one unanimous consent at any one time Rule 43 The rules of this House known as Constitutional rules shall in no case be suspended all other rules shall in no case be suspended nor changed nor the order of business be changed except by a vote of threefourths of the members voting Rule 44 No change of or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition be first referred to the Committee on Rules and reported back to the House Rule 45 Any motion to suspend rules or change the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate Rule 46 It shall be in order to introduce bills or other matter upon the call of the counties without any previous notice having been given for that purpose Effect of unanimous consent Suspension of rules No debate Bills etc when introduced 103 No debate on first reading Effect of favorable report of committee Adverse report of committee Bills when withdrawn Transmis sion to Senate by majority vote Bills when printed Committee of the Whole House See Rule 107 et al Rule 47 No debate shall be admitted upon any Bill at the first reading Upon the introduction of any Bill or Resolution or other matter requiring reference to a Committee the Speaker shall as a matter of course and without debate commit the same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the House In case of Engrossment of any Bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Clerk and the Bill or other matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed In cases where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the House Rule 48 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the Senate on the day of the passage thereof unless twothirds of the members present shall so order Rule 49 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the House by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the House agreeing thereto Rule 50 All proceedings touching the appropriating of money shall be considered in the Committee of the Whole House 104 Rule 51 All bills and resolutions shall be in writing and shall have the name of the member introducing the same as well as the county he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same Bills and resolutions to be in writing How indorsed Rule 52 Where a bill or resolution has been 91 H Reports of referred and reported by more than one committee committees or has been reported on and recommitted to the action same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the House and in all cases the report of the Committee of the Whole House shall be first acted on by the House Rule 53 The Committee on Rules during the last seven days of each session shall arrange and fix a calendar for each days business and such calendar shall be a standing and continuing Special Order during said period and no matter shall be taken up or acted on otherwise than in the order fixed by such calendar except by unanimous consent of the House PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS Rule 54 When any subject is before the House for consideration or under debate no motion shall precedence be received except the following towit 1st Motion to adjourn 2d A motion to lay on table 3d A motion for the previous question 4th A motion to adjourn to a time definite 5th A motion to postpone indefinitely 6th A motion to postpone to a day certain 7th A motion to commit 8th A motion to amend Which said motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand as above arranged Not debatable when may be renewed When debatable When made When not in order Effect of adjournment Hour of ad journment What business postpone MOTION TO ADJOURN Rule 55 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the House A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended Rule 56 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the House is not actually engaged in other business is debatable Rule 57 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time when the member moving it can legitimately obtain the floor Rule 58 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Clerk has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced Rule 59 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the House to the next sitting day or time in course Rule 60 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the House is being taken by yeas and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the House is acting on the main question after a motion for the 106 previous question has been sustained and before the voteNsn the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the House shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE Rule 61 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on the table shall be in order Rule 62 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the House is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table and when so taken up the same is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar Rule 63 If the motion to lay on the table prevails it removes from the consideration of the House the measure together with all the motions attached to it at the time it is so disposed of Rule 64 When the proposition is again taken from the table it stands before the House in the exact form with all the motions pertaining to it just as it did at the time the motion to lay on the table prevailed Rule 65 After a yea and nay vote is called on any bill or resolutionthe House not acting at the time under the previous questionand one vote has been recorded no motion to table shall be in order until the rollcall shall have been completed When any bill or resolution is tabled after the completion of the rollcall and then taken from the table nothing can be done except to announce the result of said vote as shown by said rollcall at the time said bill or resolution was tabled Amendment or substitute cannot be laid on table How mat ters may be taken from table Effect of vote to table Effect of vote to take from table No motion to table in order until rollcall is completed 107 When renewed Not debatable or amendable What Gan be tabled When in order Effect of previous question Rule 66 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes Rule 67 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable Rule 68 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again Rule 69 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted on the main question shall be now put no mention to lay on the table is in order THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION Rule 70 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except a motion to adjourn or to lay on the table but neither of said motions shall be made but once until after the previous question has been exhausted and when It is moved the question shall be Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority of a quorum in the affirmative and the next question towit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum all other motions except one motion to reconsider the action in ordering the main question will be out of order and the House cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives 108 Rule 7l When the previous question has been ordered tne House shall then proceed to act on mnutes the main question without debate except that be afi0wed fore the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such members as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule This rule shall not be construed to allow the twenty minutes above referred to to be used but once on any bill or measure and then on the final passage of the bill or measure Rule 72 After the main question is ordered any Vote how member may call for a division of the House in taken taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays if the call for the yeas and nays is sustained by onefifth of the members voting the vote shall be taken by the yeas and nays and so entered on the Journal Rule 73 The effect of the order that the main mect oi question be now put is to bring the House to a vote on pending questions in the order in which ordered they stood before it was moved Rule 74 In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any question if the previous g8tned question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allow 109 How called and ordered Call of the House when In order Questions of order Effect Not amendable When cannot be applied ed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report Rule 75 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection Rule 76 A call of the House shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the Speaker that a quorum is not present Rule 77 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE Rule 78 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session Rule 79 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended Rule 80 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule 110 Rule 81 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall he renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has been voted down MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN Rule 82 The motion to postpone a bill resolution or other measure to a day certain when decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum removes the subject from before the House until the time designated and makes it a privileged question for that day so selected Rule 83 If the motion to postpone a bill a resolution or other measure is decided in the negative it leaves the question before the House as it was before the motion was made and it cannot be moved a second time on same day or at the same stage of the proceeding Rule 84 This motion to postpone to a day certain may be amended by substituting one day for another In this case the time would be treated as a blank and the Speaker should treat these propositions as he would those to fill blanks Rule 85 If a day designated is known to be beyond the session the Speaker shall treat the motion as though it had been a motion to indefinitely postpone the subject Rule 86 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another It shall be the duty of Not renewed Effect of negative vote May be amended To a day beyond the session Debate when and how allowed Ill Motion how applied Motion to commit Precedence of When debatable How amended Motion to recommit the Speaker to hold members rigidly to these points Rule 87 This motion cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but must be applied to the whole bill resolution or other measure before the House and when it prevails it carries forward the whole proposition and its appendages to the day named MOTIONS TO COMMIT Rule 88 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee or committee of the whole House Rule 89 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on but where a motion is made that a bill resolution or other measure be committed to the committee of the whole House this motion shall be put before either of the above named motions Rule 90 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated Rule 91 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the member making the motion Rule 92 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum 112 MOTIONS TO AMEND Rule 93 There are three ways in which a propo Amend sition may be amended towit made 1st By inserting or adding words 2d By striking out words 3d By striking out and inserting words An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Rule 94 A substitute is simply an amendment gubstitute it is in effect a motion to strike out all after the enacting clause of a bill or the word Resolved in a resolution and insert that offered as a substitute Rule 95 When a bill or resolution is before the House for consideration and amendments are Prfectd pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered substitute for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the House to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeingto the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute Rule 96 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to whom was referred Steentot0 the bill or resolution under consideration has been amendagreed to by the House unless said action of the House in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered 113 Must be in writing Priority Blanks Caption when amended Amending by sections Amendments by striking out and inserting Rule 97 All motions to amend any matter before the House must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added Rule 98 On all questions whether in committee or in the House the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put Rule 99 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend Rule 100 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected Rule 101 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the House shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Clerk in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Clerk without any motion being made in the House and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur and amend it Rule 102 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment Rule 103 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Clerk shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended 114 Rule 104 When a motion is made to amend bystriking out a part of a bill or resolution any amendment offered to perfect the part proposed to be stricken shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out Rule 105 When any bill or resolution which originated in the House has been amended in the Senate and is before the House for action on the Senate amendment an amendment may be offered in the House to the Senate amendment but the House amendment to the Senate amendment can not be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down Rule 106 A motion to amend an amendment made by the Senate to the House bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment Rule 107 The questions which arise before the House respecting amendments by the Senate to a House bill or resolution are 1st A motion to agree to the Senate amendment 2d A motion to disagree to the Senate amendment 3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment 4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment 5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment They take precedence in the above order RECONSIDERATION Rule 108 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any Priority of Amendment to perfect Amending Senate Amend ments See Rule 136 Priority Priority of questions oik Senate amendments Motion to reconsider 115 Shall not be withdrawn when When there may be one reconsideration When in order Amendments when reconsidered Place of calendar When ordered by Speaker member whether said member previously voted in the affirmative or negative on the matter sought to be reconsidered to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter as has been previously reconsidered provided such member shall notify the House of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed Provided further that the action of the House on Senate amendments shall be in order for reconsideration immediately and not otherwise Rule 109 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made Rule 110 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once Rule 111 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the order of unanimous consent on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action Rule 112 The action of the House upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates Rule 113 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third reading COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE HOUSE Rule 114 The Speaker may resolve the House into a Committee of the Whole without a motion 116 being made therefor whenever a bill or resolution geeituie44 shall be in order for consideration on its third reading before the House which is required by the rules of this House to be considered in the Committee of the Whole Rule 115 The House may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House by a majority of dere a quorum voting on motion of a member made for that purpose Rule 116 In forming a Committee of the Whole How formei House the Speaker shall leave the chair and a Chairman to preside in committee shall be appointed by the Speaker Rule 117 In the Committee of the Whole bills Proceedings shall be first read throughout by the Clerk and then again be read or debated by clauses or sections leaving the preamble to be last considered unless otherwise ordered Rule 118 The Rules of the House shall be ob Rule in served by the Committee of the Whole so far as committee they may be applicable except that it can not refer a matter to any other committee it can not adjourn the previous question can not be enforced a motion to lay on the table or indefinitely postpone shall not be in order a member may speak as often as he may obtain the floor no call of the House shall be in order nor shall any vote be taken by yeas and nays Rule 119 If at any time in the Committee of the Whole it shall be desired to close the debate how closed or to limit the time to be allowed members for speaking the committee may rise and report its desire to the House and the House shall take such action thereon as it may see fit by a resolution 117 Time of how extended Motion to Tise etc Reconsid eration Duty of when no quorum is present agreed for that purpose said resolution shall apply only to the subjectmatter before said committee and when said resolution has been agreed to or refused by the House the action of the House shall be deemed the sense of the committee and the House may then on motion again resolve itself into Committee of the Whole and continue the consideration of the subject Rule 120 In the event that a Committee of the Whole House at any sitting shall for want of time fail to complete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time in the committee made rise report progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain Rule 121 A motion that the committee rise and report progress and ask leave to sit again can be made at any time when the mover thereof can legitimately obtain the floor and shall take precedence over all other motions and shall be decided without debate and when it prevails the committee shall immediately rise Rule 122 A motion to reconsider shall be in order in Committee of the Whole Rule 123 The Committee of the Whole shall not proceed with the business before it whenever a vote on any question shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum is not present the Chairman of the committee shall satisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the committee and report the same to the committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of the absence of a quorum to the House 118 Rule 124 The Speaker may in Committee of the Whole take part in the proceedings and he as well as all other members shall vote on all questions before the committee unless excused therefrom and no pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed in the Committee of the Whole Rule 125 Amendments proposed by the Com Amend mittee of the Whole may be amended or rejected ments by the House and matters stricken out by the committee may be restored by the House Rule 126 A Committee of the Whole House can Disorderly not punish disorderly conduct of its members but d must report the same to the House for action thereon Rule 127 The Chairman of the Committee of Chairman the Whole shall have power to have the galleries galleries or lobbies cleared in case of any disorderly conduct therein Rule 128 When the Committee of the Whole have disposed of the bill resolutions or other measures before it by motion and question it shall rise and the Chairman will be instructed to report the action of the Committee to the House At this point the Speaker will resume his seat and the Chairman will return to the floor and will state in substance as follows Mr Speaker the Committee of the AVhole House have had under consideration naming what and have instructed me as their Chairman to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that the same do pass or do pass as amended or do not pass as the case may be The Speaker will receive this report and repeat the same and the matter will then be before the Proceedings of when business before it is finished All members shall vote unless excused 119 Record Papers may be called for Report shall contain result of committees action Morning rollcall dispensed with by threefourths vote Names of absentees noted House for action just as though reported by any other committee Rule 129 The proceedings of the Committee of the Whole shall not be recorded in the Journal of the House except so far as reported to the House by the Chairman of said committee Rule 130 When in the Committee of the Whole any papers in the possession of the House may be called for by any member and read by the Clerk for the information of the committee unless the committee shall otherwise order Rule 131 Amendments offered to an amendment in the Committee of the Whole shall not be reported to the House but the report shall contain only the result of the committees action on the bill resolution or measure under consideration before it ABSENTEES Rule 132 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the House shall not be dispensed with except by a threefourths vote of the members present Rule 133 Upon the call of all the members ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal And it shall be the duty of the Clerk to keep a separate list of the absentees from each days proceedings which list shall be entered upon the Journal and shall show which of said absentees are absent without leave and of those absent with leave which are absent for providential causes and which for business reasons which said separate list shall be read in the House 120 with the Journal upon which the same is entered The Clerk shall also keep in a book accessible to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave the names of all such absentees noting such as are absent without leave and the members so absent without leave unless excused by the House shall not be entitled to draw pay for the time they are so absent It shall be the duty of the Committee on Audit Duty of x L u Auditms ing to inquire into the matter before passing upon committee any members account Excuses of members absent without leave shall t Excuse of be submitted to the Committee on Excuses oi members Members Absent without Leave and the recommendation of some member of said committee shall be necessary to have said excuse allowed by the House COMPELLING ATTENDANCE Rule 134 The power to compel the attendance power tQ of members in order to keep or secure a quorum compeiatshall be vested in the Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall be allowed to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House The Messenger of the House shall be exofficio SergeantatArms of the House and on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them before the House when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid CALL OF THE HOUSE Rule 135 Whenever the result of a vote taken Call how shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House ordered is present or when the Speaker shall officially state 121 Subsequent Proceed ings the fact to the House it shall be in order for any member to make a motion for a call of the House and when this motion is made the Speaker shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the House prevail and if fifteen of the members present shall vote in the affirmative the Speaker shall order the Clerk to call the roll of members and the absentees shall be noted 1 the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the members present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by the officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the House shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged What is a quorum Compelling attendance CONSTITUTIONAL RULES Rule 136 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4 Oath of members Rule 137 Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5 122 Rule 138 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14 Rule 139 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6 Rule 140 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12 Rule 141 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21 Rule 142 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection The first and second reading of local bills shall be by titles only The third reading of local bills must be full and complete Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7 Rule 143 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10 Majority required to pass bill Teas and nays order by onefifth of members present Bill or resolutions appropriating money must pass by yeas and nays Constitutional twothirds vote taken by yeas and nays Reading of bills Revenue bills 123 One sub ject matter etc An amendment to laws and sections of Code General laws how varied Consent and when required Corpora tions Power delegated to courts Rule 144 No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8 Rule 145 No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17 Rule 146 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provisions have beenmade by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1 Rule 147 The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change election precincts nor establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such power shall be exercised by the courts Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18 124 Rule 148 The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principles or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer Art 3 Sec 7 Par 19 Rule 149 The General Appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government paying of the public debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9 Rule 150 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them Art 3 Sec 7 Par 24 Rule 151 All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1 Relief of recognizance What the general appropriation bill shall contain Other appropriations by separate bills Adjourn ments Elections 125 Rejected bills again considered by a twothirds vote Session limited to fifty days Elections disorderly conduct Expulsion by twothirds vote Signature of Governor when required Governors veto Rule 152 No bill or ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of a law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13 Rule 153 The General Assembly meets annually on the fourth Wednesday in June and the House and Senate are called to order at 10 oclock a m The Annual Sessions are limited to fifty days Art 3 Sec 4 Par 6 Rule 154 Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine or imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1 Rule 155 No provision of this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly Art 2 Sec 7 Par 23 Rule 156 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his 126 dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16 Rule 157 Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of qlection or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be passed by twothirds of each House Art 5 Sec 1 Par 17 Rule 158 No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly Art 11 Sec 1 Par 4 Rule 159 Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon and the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to he published in one or Effect of twothirds vote thereon When Governor must approve Effect of twothirds vote Twothirds vote required Twothirds vote required on amendments to Constitution 127 Twothirds vote required to call a convention How called Salaries of Judges more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall provide for submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at the said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1 Rule 160 No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change the Constitution unless bythe concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on the population as near as practicable Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2 Rule 161 The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries not to exceed four thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not havo any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption 128 of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect those now in office The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such changes shall affect the officers then in commission Art 6 Sec 13 Pars 1 and 2 Rule 162 No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16 MISCELLANEOUS RULES Rule 163 When a message shall be sent to the House of Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the chair by the person through whom it may be sent Rule 161 Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce is being taken A message shall be presented to the House by the Speaker when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the House is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the House 129 May be changed by a twothirds vote Evidence of notice of local and special bills must be sub mitted before passage of same Messages Messages when received and considered Petitions Motions Petitions memorials etc Committees Clerk Clerk Duties of Committee on Enrollment Rule 165 It shall be the order of the day every Wednesday to take up and decide on reports of Committees on Petitions and all petitions shall be numbered as they are received and taken up and disposed of in the order they were received unless otherwise ordered by a majority of a quorum Rule 166 After a motion is stated by the Speaker or read by the Clerk it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before the decision by consent of the House Rule 167 Any member presenting a petition memorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading Rule 168 The several standing committees of the House shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise The report of the Committee on Rules is in order at any time when the House is not actually engaged in other business Rule 169 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath for the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue in office until another be elected Rule 170 The Clerk shall take special care of the books provided for theuse of the House Rule 171 The Committee on Enrollment shall carefully compare enrolled bills and resolutions and correcting any errors that may be discovered in the enrolled bills or other papers make their report forthwith to their respective Houses 130 Rule 172 Any motion not privileged containing new matter shall lie at least one day on the table Rule 173 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting Rule 174 When a motion ismade by any member it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the House Rule 175 After the announcement of the standing committee no other members shall be placed thereon except when members have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the Speaker may assign said members to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships Rule 176 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the House except the members and officers thereof the officers and members of the Senate the Governor of the State and the heads of the officers of the Executive Department State housse officers and members of the Press actively reporting legislative proceedings exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral in actual commission expresiding officers of the House and Senate Judges and DistrictAttorneys of the United States Courts and such others as the House may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on the Privileges of the Floor Rule 177 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the House that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Clerk Motions not privileged Record Not necessary to second motion Committees how and when enlarged Privileges of the floor Duty of Committee on Journals 131 Members to receipt Clerk for books and papers Adjourn ment Motion for yeas and nays not debatable Signature of Speaker and Clerk Duty of Messenger Messengers duty in distributing documents etc Interlineation for bidden Rule 178 No member shall take any books or papers from the possession of the House or Clerk without first acquainting the Clerk and giving him a receipt to return the same in a reasonable time or on his demand Rule 179 The hours of the morning sessions of the House shall be from ten oclock a m to one oclock p m when the House shall stand adjourned until ten oclock a m of the next succeeding day Sundays excepted unless otherwise ordered by the House Rule 180 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate Rule 181 All Acts and joint resolutions shall be signed by the Speaker and Clerk and all writs warrants and subpoenasrissued by order of the House shall be signed by the Speaker and attested by the Clerk Rule 182 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the House while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the Speaker to execute the demands of the House from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the Speaker Rule 183 The Messenger under the direction of the Clerk shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed to the members he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them Rule 184 No Committee of the Whole or other committee shall deface or interline a bill resolu 132 tion or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendment recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendment relates Rule 185 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not voting Rule 186 Whenever any member moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the Speaker shall appoint a committee on the part of the House and in such case the committee shall consist of only such members as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the House and if by inadvertence any member be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the House and be excused by the Speaker Rule 187 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the House it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the House but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment Rule 188 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent Rule 189 Every motion for information from the Executive Department shall lie on the table one day Rule 190 On the call of the yeas and nays the Clerk shall read the names of the members after they have been called and no member shall be Pairing Committee on conference Amend ments Majority and minority reports What motions lie on table Changing votes Questions of privilege Proviso permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question Rule 191 Questions of privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the House collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of members individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions except a motion to adjourn Provided that when any matter is before the House no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question shall be disposed of Rule 192 In all elections a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice Rule 193 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies Rule 194 The AuditingCommittee shall before auditing the account of any member for expenses of a committeeman or any account prescribed by a member for any expense incurred in discharge of any duty as a member of this House require of such an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item of said account 134 ORDER OF BUSINESS Rule 195 The following shall be the order of business 1 Prayer by the Chaplain 2 Call of the Roll 3 Report of the committee on the Journal 4 Reading of the Journal 5 Confirmation of the Journal 6 Unanimous consents 7 Motions to reconsider 8 Reports of standing committees 9 House bills favorably reported for a second reading 10 Unfinished business of previous session 11 Orders of the day 12 On Mondays Wednesdavs and Fridays call of the counties for the introduction of new matter On Mondays and Wednesdays third reading of Senate bills and resolutions 13 House bills and resolutions for third reading and House bills and resolutions with Senate amendments 14 On Tuesdays House bills on the calendar adversely reported for a second reading 15 On Mondays and Fridays immediately after the call of the counties Senate bills for first and second reading shall be in order 16 On Wednesdays immediately after the call of the counties all petitions and reports of committees on petitions shall be in order 17 Bills of Senate for third reading 18 Senate resolutions 19 Reports of committees on enrollment may be made at any time 20 After the regular order of business for each day 135 shall have been exhausted House Bills for first and second reading and Senate Bills for first and second reading respectively shall be in order Unless otherwise ordered by the House no general bills or resolutions shall be in order for a third reading or for reconsideration at Saturdays sessions General bills or resolutions otherwise in order for reconsideration on Saturday shall stand over until the following Monday Rule 196 No committee of the House shall consist of more than eighteen members and no member of the House shall serve on more than three committees This rule however shall not apply to the following committees Appropriations General Agriculture No 1 General Agriculture No 2 General Judiciary No 1 General Judiciary No 2 Ways and Means Penitentiary 136 COMMITTEES Rule 197 The Speaker shall appoint the following committees Academy for the Blind Amendments to the Constitution Appropriations Auditing Banks and Banking Conservation Corporations Counties and County Matters Education Engrossing Enrollment Excuse of Members Absent without Leave Game and Fish General Agriculture No 1 General Agriculture No 2 General Judiciary No 1 for the consideration of general bills General Judiciary No 2 for the consideration of general bills Georgia School for the Deaf Georgia State Sanitarium Hall and Rooms Hygiene and Sanitation Insurance Invalid Pensions and Soldiers Home Journals Labor and Labor Statistics Manufactures Military Affairs Mines and Mining Municipal Government Penitentiary 137 Pensions Privileges and Elections Privileges of the Floor public Highways Public Library Public Printing Public Property Railroads Reformatories Rules of which the Speaker shall be exofficio Chairman Special Judiciary for consideration of special and local bills Temperance University of Georgia and its Branches Ways and Means Western and Atlantic Railroad for the consideration of all matters pertaining to the Western and Atlantic Railroad The Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Appropriations shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Ways and Means and the Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Ways and Means shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations CONSTITUTION of the STATE OF GEORGIA BILL OF RIGHTS PREAMBLE To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interest and happiness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidance of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution ARTICLE I Section I Paragraph I All government of right originates with the people is founded upon their will only and is instituted solely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them Par II Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete Par III No person shall be deprived of life liberty or property except by due process of law Par IV No person shall be deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the Courts of this State in person by attorney or both Par V Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded shall have compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against him and shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury Par VI No person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any way to criminate himself Par VII Neither banishment beyond the limits of the State nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed Par VIII No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offence save on his or her own motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of mistrial Par IX Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted nor shall any person be abused in being arrested while under arrest or in prison 139 Par X No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial Par XI The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended Par XII All men have the natural and inalienable right to worship God each according to the dictates of his own conscience and no human authority should in any case control or interfere with such right of conscience Par XIII No inhabitant of this State shall be molested in person or property or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the right of liberty of conscience shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State Par XIY No money shall ever be taken from the public treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution Par XY No law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of speech or of the press any person may speak write and publish his sentiments on all subjects being responsible for the abuse of that liberty Par XYI The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the person or things to be seized Par XVII There shall be within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof Par XVIII The social status of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation Par XIX The civil authority shall be superior to the military and no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as may be provided by law Par XX The power of the Courts to punish for contempts shall be limited by legislative acts Par XXI There shall be no imprisonment for debt Par XXII The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne Par XXIII The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided Par XXIV The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested with the powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance Par XXV All citizens of the United States resident in this State are hereby declared citizens of this State and it shall bethe duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the full enjoyment of the rights privileges and immunities due to such citizenship 140 Section II Paragraph I In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the truth may be given in evidence and the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts The power of the Judges to grant new trials in case of conviction is preserved g Par II Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist in levying war against her adhering to her enemies giving them aid and comfort No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open Court I I 1 H Par III No conviction shall work corruption of blood or for feiture of estate i Par IY All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hereby prohibited and this prohibition shall be enforced by penal laws Par V Lobbying is declared to be a crime and the General As sembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties Par YI The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor Section III Paragraph I In cases of necessity private ways may be granted upon just compensation being first paid by the applicant Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid Par 11 No bill of attainder ex post facto law retroactive law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grants of special privileges or immunities shall be passed Par III No grant of special privileges or immunities shall be revoked except in such manner as to work no injustice to the corporators or creditors of the incorporation Section IY Paragraph I Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent Par II Legislative Acts in violation of this Constitution or the Constitution of the United States are void and the Judiciary shall so declare them Section Y Paragraph I The people of this State have the inherent sole and exclusive right of regulating their infernal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness Par II The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights which they may have hitherto enjoyed 141 ARTICLE II Elective Franchise Section I In all elections by the people the electors shall vote Paragraph I by ballot Wp 9 Sill ale citizen of the United States except as hereic rVlded twentyone years of age who shall have resided in this state one year next preceding the flection and shall have resi nawTll hS ui6 C0UDuy Which he offers t0 Vte and shall have paid all taxes which may hereafter be required of him and which he th7yearofhe piertUI1Llti1 Pying aSreeable to law except for tne year of the election shall be deemed an elector Provided that tt fidQefSailurn0r marine in the military or naval service of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of beinj this State and no person shall vote who f challenged shall refuse to take the following oath or affirmation 1 that 1 am feffill fearsTaSXve resided this Election6 IHp aJ n 9 lfl six months next preceding this election I have paid all taxes which since the adoption of the present Constitution of this State have been required of W previous to this year and which I hare had an opportunity to HKP have not voted at this election y i y Section II Paragraph I The General Assembly may provide from timp fa time for the registration for all electors but the following classes of persons shall not be permitted to register vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State towit 1st7 Those who shall have been convicted in any Court of competent iurisdictmn of treason against the State of embezzlement of public funds malfeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with ImprS donednt 2d thlTs Pniteatiar unless such person shall have been pardoned 2d Idiots and insane persons Section III Paragraph I Electors shall in all cases except for treason felonv arceny and breach of the peace be privileged from arrest during Se C3 0n eleCtlons and in giQg t0 returning from thf Section IV Paragraph I No person who is the holder of any public money contrary to law shall be eligible to any office in this State until Si same is accounted for and paid into the treasuS the betaia LtiSSWaftT H adPion 01 this Constitution a bifl iiUSSI f th State ha11 have been convicted of fighting adPel 1ntls Jtat or convicted of sending or accepting a challengeg I e ed f aldg or abetting such duel shall holdoffice in this State unless he shall have been pardoned and every such person shall also be subject to such punishment as may be prescribed by law 142 Section V Paragraph I The General Assembly shall by law forbid the sale distribution or furnishing of intoxicating drinks within two miles of election precincts on days of electionState county or municipal and prescribe punishment for any violation of the same Section VI Paragraph I Returns of elections for all civil officers elected by the people who are to be commissioned by the Governor and also for the members of the General Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law ARTICLE III Legislative Department Section I Paragraph I The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives Section II Paragraph I The Senate shall consist of fortyfour members Tnere shall be fortyfour Senatorial districts as now arranged by counties Each district shall have one Senator The First Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Chatham Bryan and Effingham The Second Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Liberty Tattnall and McIntosh The Third Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wayne Pierce and Appling The Fourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Glynn Camden and Charlton The Fifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Coffee Ware and Clinch The Sixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Echols Lowndes and Berrien The Seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Brooks Thomas and Colquitt The Eighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Decatur Mitchell and Miller The Ninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Early Calhoun and Baker The Tenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dougherty Lee and Worth The Eleventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clay Randolph and Terrell The Twelfth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Stewart Webster and Quitman The Thirteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Sumter Schley and Macon The Fourteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dooly Wilcox Pulaski and Dodge 143 Fifteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Montgomery Telfair and Irwin Sixteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Laurens Emanuel and Johnson Fhe Seventeenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Screven Bulloch and Burke The Eighteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Richmond Glascock and Jefferson The Nineteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Taliaferro Greene and Warren fji Twentieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Baldwin Hancock and Washington The Twentyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the coun ties of Twiggs Wilkinson and Jones The Twentysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bibb Monroe and Pike The Twentythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Houston Crawford and Taylor The Twentyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Muscogee Marion and Chattahoochee The Twentyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Harris Upson and Talbot The Twentysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Spalding Butts and Fayette The TwentySeventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Newton Walton Clarke Oconee and Rockdale The Twentyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Jasper Putnam and Morgan The Twentyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wilkes Columbia Lincoln and McDuffie The Thirtieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Oglethorpe Madison and Elbert The Thirtyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hart Habersham and Franklin The Thirtysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of White Dawson and Lumpkin The Thirtythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hall Banks and Jackson The Thirtyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Gwinnett DeKalb and Henry The Thirtyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clayton Cobb and Fulton The Thirtysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Campbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas The Thirtyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Carroll Heard and Troup The Thirtyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Haralson Polk and Paulding I The Thirtyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Milton Cherokee and Forsyth The Fortieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Union Towns and Rabun The Fortyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Pickens Fannin and Gilmer 144 The Fortysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bartow Floyd and Chattooga The Fortythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Murray Gordon and Whitfield The Fortyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Walker Dade aiid Catoosa Par III The General Assembly may change these districts after each census of the United States Provided that neither th number of districts nor the number of Senators from each district shall be increased Section III Paragraph I The house of Representatives shall consist of one hundred and seventyfive Representatives apportioned among the several counties as follows towit To the six counties having the largest population viz Chatham Richmond Burke Floyd Bibb and Fulton three Representatives each to the twentysix counties having the next largest population viz Dooly Bartow Coweta Decatur Houston Greene Gwinnett Harris Jefferson Meriwether Monroe Muscogee Pulaski DeKalb Hall Walton Sumter Thomas Troup Washington Hancock Carroll Cobb Jackson Oglethorpe and Wilkes two Representatives each and to the remaining one hundred and five counties one Representative each Par II The above apportionment shall be changed by the General Assembly at its first session after each census taken by the United States Government so as to give the six counties having the largest population three Representatives each and to the twentysix counties having the next largest population two Representatives each but in no event shall the aggregate number of Representatives be increased Section IY Paragraph I The members of the General Assembly shall be elected for two years and shall serve until their successors are elected Par II The first election for members of the General Assembly under this Constitution shall take place on the first Wednesday in December 1877 the second election for the same shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of elections is changed by law Par III The first meeting of the General Assembly after the ratification of this Constitution shall be on the fourth Wednesday in October 1878 and annually thereafter on the same day until the ctay shall be changed by law But nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent theGovernor from calling an extra session of the General Assembly before the first Wednesday in November 1878 if in his opinion the public good shall require it Par IY A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide Par Y Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation towit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all 145 questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interests and prosperity of this State session of the General Assembly shall continue longer than fifty days Provided that if an impeachment trial pending at the end of fifty days the session may be prolonged till the completion of said trial Par VII No person holding a military commission or other appointment or office having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under this State or the United States or either of them except Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either House nor shall any Senator or Representative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected Par VIII The seat of a member of either House shall be vacated on his removal from the district or county from which he was elected Section V Paragraph I The Senators shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected Par II The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate and shall be elected viva voce from the Senators Par III The Senate shall have the sole power to try impeachments Par IV When sitting for that purpose the members shall be on oath or affirmation and shall be presided over by the Chief Justice or the presiding Justice of the Supreme Court Should the Chief Justice be disqualified the Senate shall elect the Judge of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of twothirds of the members present Par V Judgments in case of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this State but the party shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law Section VT Paragraph I The Representatives shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyone years and who Shall have been citizens of this State for two years and for one year residents of the counties from which elected Par Sffi The presiding officer of the House of Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of the house of RpresentativeS and shall be elected viva voce from the body Par III The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to impeach all persons who shall have been or may be in office 146 Section VII Paragraph I Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Par II Each House may punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session any person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House Par III The members of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treason felony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate in either house Par IV Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after its adjournment Par V The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof Par VI The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire ot onefifth of the members present be entered on the journal Par VII Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in case of actual invasion or insurrection But the first and second reading of each local bill and bank and railroad charters in each House shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be en grossed Par VIII No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what isexpressed in the title thereof Par IX The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and thesupport of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Par X All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may pro pose or concur in amendments as in other bills Par XI No money shall be drawn from the treasury except by appropriation made by law and a regular statement and account of the receipt and expenditure of all public money shall be published every three months and also with the laws passed by each session of the General Assembly Par XII No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded Par XIII ate and the ordinance or All Acts shall be signed by the President of the SenSpeaker of the House of Representatives and no bill resolution intended to have the effect of law which shall 147 have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the con eut of thirds of the House by wh4 the Cn XIV No bill shall become a law unless it shall reeeivp a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of journal 1 AsSembly ll shall in evei7 instance so appear on the M paragraphwas nZa X7IV B l0Cal 1or sPecial K shall be passed unless notice Ijjjjj mtntion to apply therefor shall have been published in the locahty where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior tothe introducf such bili mto the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been pub shaU be passed t6d General AssemMF before such Act Pa lli No K or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the sec esPrSbPf dei the aaieading or repealing act shall distinctly fo be made 3 t0 be amended or rePealed as well as the alteration Par XVIII The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies nor to make er change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner m which such powers shall be exercised by the Courts AH corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law Par XIX The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment J thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal m the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed m the custody of the proper officer L Par XX The General Assembly shall not authorize the construe tmn o any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporated town orcity without the consent of the corporate authorities j IT Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the journal Par XXII The General Assembly shall have power to make all aws and ordinances consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State Par XXIIL No provision in this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of twothirds vote required to override the veto and m case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly 148 Par XXIY Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in ease of a disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them Section YIII Paragraph 1 The officers of the two Houses other than the President and Speaker shall be a Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as they may appoint but the clerical expenses of the Senate shall not exceed sixty dollars per day for each session nor those of the House of Representatives seventy dollars per day for each session The Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives shall be required to give bond and security for the faithful discharge of their respective duties Section IX Paragraph I The per diem of members of the General Assembly shall not exceed four dollars and mileage shall not exceed ten cents for each mile traveled by the nearest practicable route in going to and returning from the Capital but the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive not exceeding seven dollars per day Section X Paragraph I All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Rpresentatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result Section XI Paragraph I All property of the wife at the time of her marriage and all property given to inherited or acquired by her shall remain her separate property and not be liable for the debt8 of her husband Section XII Paragraph I All life insurance companies now doing business in this State or which may desire to establish agencies and do business in the State of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State in which they are chartered or of this State the Insurance Commissioners or such other officers as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policy holders Par II When such showing is made to the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State official having charge of the funds so deposited the ComptrollerGeneral o the State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the Jiees required by law 149 mm m Iife insurance companies chartered by the State nf lallMi ung mbe uiviuenas arising from such securities to be paid when due tn SO depositing Any such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may be taken from said department at anv p y replacing them with other securities equally acceptable to SLCOTepaeyaI WhSe te f i State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit rea iiSetUiltieWltu the Treasurer of this State to secure the peop e against loss by the operations of said companies P panfes Sha11 comPel a11 iaance com this State or doing business therein under proper penalties to make semiannual reports to the Governor and prhthesame their own expense for the information and protection of the people ABTICLE IV Power of the General Assembly Over Taxation Section I hioraprpk Iff rgbt of taxation is a sovereign right inaliena ble indestructible in the life of the State and rightfulfy bek to m aI1 EePubllcan governments and neither the General Assembly nor any nor all other departments of the Government established by this Constitution shall ever have the authorEy to Tr revocably give grant limit or restrain this right and all lawsranS contracts and all other acts whatsoever by said Govinme or any department thereof to effect any of these purposes Thai be and are hereby declared to be null and void for every pTpose what soever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete TrTTT m WmM by the State notwithstanding any S grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly g Section II Paragraph I The power and authority of regulating railroad freights and passenger tariffs preventing uJjust disliminations and Tequinng reasonable and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall TriffT laTT0m timeHI time to regulate freight and passenger this State PaTiTTiTTTimTti0ns on the varins railroads of this State and to prohibit said roads from charging other than iust nnd reasonable rates and enforce the same by afeqSate penalties exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly 150 from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use the same as property of individuals and the exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in such a manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals or the general wellbeing of the State Par III The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing nor alter or amend the same nor pass any other general or special law for the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that said corporation shali thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its benefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation of said charter and shall bring the same under the provisions of this Constitution Provided That this section Shall not extend to any amendment for the purpose of allowing any existing road to take stock in or aid in the building of any branch road Par IY The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to authorize any corporation to buy shares or stock in any other corporation in this State or elsewhere or to make any contract or agreement whatever with any such corporation which may have the effect or be intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition in their respective business or to encourage monopoly and all such contracts and agreements shall be illegal and void Par Y No railroad company shall give or pay any rebate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or to do any act to mislead or deceive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freights or passage and any such payments shall be illegal and void and these prohibitions shall be enforced by suitable penalties Par YI No provision of this article shall be deemed held or taken to impair the obligation of any contract heretofore made by the State of Georgia Par YII The General Assembly shall enforce the provisions ol this article by appropriate legislation ARTICLE Y Executive Department Section I Paragraph I The officers of the Executive Department Shall consist of a Governor Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer Par II The Executive power shall be vested in a Governor who shall hold his offices during the term of two years and until his successor shall be chosen and qualified He shall not be eligible to reelection after the expiration of a second term for the period of four years He shall have a salary of three thousand dollars per annum until otherwise provided by law passed by a twothirds vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the 151 several comtiei ofthS Stateinthf mannef freteXdTheekc6 tthrBamem6mberS f he MraI f i7 The returns for every election of Governor shall be sealed igl RH bemnsmitted bvT W MSB been organized and they shall De transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives tjar v The members of each branch of the General Assemble shall convene m the Representative Hall and the President of the ud Spfak6r f the House of EepVesentativef shill open and publish the returns m the presence and under the direction5 of the General Assembly and the person having the majority of the whole number of votes shall be declared duly elected Governoof this State but if no personshall have such majority then from the two neM highest number of votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed by the General Assembly to elect the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor vwa voce and m all cases of election of a Governor by the General a malnty of the members present shall be neeessary to 1 Contested elections shall be determined by both Houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law 5 SM ateWaS VII IH of the deattL resignation or disability of the rnor t e President of the Senate shall exercise the Executive powers of the government until such disability be removed or a successor is elected and qualified And in ease of the death resiiation or disability of the President of the Senate the Speaker of thegHouse Representatives shall exercise the Executive powers of the Gov of the disabilityor the J aX The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of his office take the following oath or affirmation l do solemnly SHUE airm as the ease may be that I will faithfully execute mv Ahilftv GVernor of 9 State of Georgia and will to the best of 3 tlJ r7 PJfrve Proiect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America Par XI The Governor shall be commanderinChief of the army and navy of this State and of the militia thereof o a Par XII He shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons to commute penalties remove disabilities imposed by law andl remit any part of a sentence for offences against the State after co viction except in case of treason and impeachment subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons Upon conviction for treason he may suspend the execution of the sentence and report the case to the Generab Assembly at the next meeting thereof when the General Assembly sha either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant a further reprieve He shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body each case of reprieve pardon or commutation granted stating the name of the convict the offense for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the reprieve pardon or commutation and the reasons for granting the same He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State Par XIII He shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate or House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly from time to time information of the State of the commonwealth and reeommend to their consideration such meas uresThe may deem necessary or expedient He shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be enacted at call sessions of the General Assembly ex ceptsuch as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation con VPsir XIV When any office shall become vacant by death resignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided by law and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out in the Constitution or by law m pursuance thereof Par XV A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session Par XVI3 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed bv the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding hl dissent and if any bill shall not be returned by the five davs Sundays excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjourn ment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same latter shalf not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House Pat XVII Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary exception a question of election or adjournment shall be present ed to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapprove chilli be repassed by twothirds of each House I Par XVIII He may require information m writing from the officers in the Executive Department on any subject relating to th duties of their respective offices It shall be the duty of the Governor Quarterly and oftener if he deems it expedient to examine uncle oath theTreasurer and ComptrollerGeneral of theState on all mattheir respective offices and to inspect and revew 153 fpar XTX dlscharSe the duties of the same PP rar jtiA The Governor shall have power to appoint his own Secretaries not exceeding two in number and to provide such other sireSrieTand llll rJuired fill ottke butVe total cost for taadota ptall06 m h13 ee shaU Section II Traushallbeelectd613 f Stat ComPtrollerGeneral and bers o7L rii 1 mBSml the Persons qualified to vote for mem ner as the at 9 sae time and in the same man rlV J 5 or The Provision of the Constitution as to the lection countihg the votes declaring tne result deciding when there is no election and when there is contested election applicable to the election of Governor shall aoolv i State ComptrollerGeneral M 211 they shall be commissioned by the Governor and hold their oflce for the same time as the Governor dollars H I thf TrefSUrer sha11 not exceed two thousand aoiiars per annum The clerical expenses of his department shall not exceed sixteen hundred dollars per annum far IIL1 Tb salary of the Secretary of State shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the clerical expenses of his dppartment shall not exceed one thousand dollars per annum Par IV The salary of the ComptrollerGeneral shall not exceed m thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his demcludlag the Insurance Department and Wild Land Clerk shall not exceed four thousand dollars per annum and without said P lt shad nt exceei three thousand dollars per annum Par V The Treasurer shall not be allowed directly or indirectlv to receive any fee interest or reward fom any person bank or coror the Posit or use in any manner of the public funds penalties eneral Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable 82 fN fi peson sba11 be eligible to the office of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral or Treasurer unless he shall have been n toi State forIJillted Statesor ten Fears and shall have resided th S State for six years next preceding his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when elected All of said officers shall give uder regulations to be prescribed by law fothe faithful discharge of their duties ecretary of State the ComptrollerGeneral and Don othSThat11 n0ti b allowed any fees Perquisite or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by law except their neces fo7thePStSaete n f the Seat f Sornment on business Section III thePnffiprai he Great Seal of the State shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall be the Great Seal of the State until otherwise provided by law 14 ARTICLE YI Judiciary Section I Paragraph I The judicial powers of this State shall be vested in a Supreme Court Superior Courts Courts of Ordinary Justice of the Peace commissioned Notaries Public and other Courts as have been or may be established by law Section II Paragraph I The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices A majority of the Court shall constitute a quorum Par II When one or more of the Judges are disqualified from deciding any case by interest or otherwise the Governor shall designate a Judge or Judges of the Superior Courts to preside in said case Par III No Judge of any Court shall preside in any case where the validity of any bondFederal State corporation or municipal is involved who holds in his own right or as the representative of others any material interests in the class of bonds upon which the question to be decided arises Par IY The Chief Justice and Associate Justices shall hold theirofiice for six years and untilheir successors are qualified A successor to th incumbent whose term will soonest expire shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1880 a successor to the incumbent whose term of office is next in duration shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1882 and a successor to the third incumbent shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1884 but appointments to fill vacancies shall only be for the unexpired term or until such vacancies are filled by elections agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution Par Y The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a Court alone for the trial and correction of errors from the Superior Courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta ami Savannah and such other like Courts as may be hereafter established in other cities and shall sit at the seat of government at such time m each year as shall be prescribed by law for the trial and determination of writs of error from said Superior and City Courts Par YI The Supreme Court shall dispose of every case at the first orsecond term after such writ of error is brought and m case the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared at the first term to prosecute the caseunless prevented by Providential cause it shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed Par YII In any case the Court may in its discretion withhold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued Par YIII The Supreme Court shall hereafter consist of a chief justice and five associate justices The courtshall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting either in a body or pi two divisions of three judges each under such regulations as may he prescribed by the General Assembly A majority of either division shall constitute a Quorum for that division The chief justice and the associate justices of the Supreme Court shall hereafter be elected by the people at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor and the State house officers are elected except that the first election under this amendment shall he held on the third Wednesday in December 1896 at which time one associate justice shall he elected for a full term of six years to fill the vacancy occurring on January ls 1897 hy the expiration of the term of one of the present incumbents and three additional associate justices shall he elected for terms expiring respectively January 1st 1899 January 1st 1901 and January 1st 1903 The persons elected as additional associate justices shall among themselves determine hy lot which of the three last mentioned terms each shall have and they shall he commissioned accordingly After said first election all terms except unexpired terms shall he for six years each In case of any vacancy which causes an unexpired term the same shall he filled hy executive appointment and the person appointed hy the Governor shall hold his office until the next regular election and until his successor for the balance of the unexpired term shall have been elected and qualified The returnsof said special election shall he made to the Secretary of State Act approved December 16 1895 Section III Paragraph There shall be a judge of the Superior Court for each Judicial Circuit whose term of office shall be four years and until his successor is qualified He may act in other circuits when authorized by law Par II The successors to the present incumbents shall be elected by the General Assembly as follows To the half as near as may be whose commissions are the oldest in the year 1878 and to the others in the year 1880 All subsequent elections shall be at the session of the General Assembly next preceding the expiration of the terms of incumbents except elections to fill vacancies The day of election may be fixed by the General Assembly Par III The terms of the Judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their elections But if the time for the meeting of the General Assembly shall be changed the General Assembly may change the time when the terms of Judges thereafter elected shall begin Section IY Paragraph I The Superior Courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce in criminal eases where the offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement in the penitentiary in cases respecting titled to land and equity cases Par II The General Assembly may confer upon the Courts of common law all the powers heretofore exercised by Courts of Equity in this State Par III Said Courts shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases except as hereinafter provided Par IY They shall have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may be provided by law Par V They shall have power to correct errors in inferior judicatories by writ of certiorari which shall only issue on the sanction of the Judge and said Courts and the Judge thereof shall have 156 power to issue writs of mandamus prohibition scire facias and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall have such other powers as are or may be conferred on them by law Par VI The General Assembly may provide for an appeal from one jury in the Superior Courts and City to another and the said Court may grant new trials on legal grounds Par VII The Court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases founded on unconditional contracts in writing where an issuable defense is not filed under oath or affirmation Par VIII The Superior Courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law Par IX The General Assembly may provide by law for the appointment of some proper person to preside in cases where the presiding Judge is from any cause disqualified Section V Paragraph I In any county within which there is or hereafter may be a City Court the Judge of said Court and of the Superior Court may preside in the Courts of each other in cases where the Judge of either Court is disqualified to preside Section VI Paragraph I The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Probate shall be vested in an Ordinary for each county from whose decision there may be an appeal or by consent of parties without a decision to the Superior Court under regulations prescribed by law Par II The Courts of Ordinary shall have such powers in relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conferred on them by law Par III The Ordinary shall hold his office for the term of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified Section VII Paragraph I There shall be in each militia district one Justice of the Peace whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be four years Par II Justices of the Peace shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases arising ex contractu and in cases of injury or damage to personal property when the principal sum does not exceed one hundred dollars and shall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may be an appeal to a jury in said Court or an appeal to the Superior Court under such regulations as may be prescribed by law Par III Justices of the Peace shall be elected by the legal voters in their respective districts and shall be commissioned by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office Section VIII Paragraph I Commissioned Notaries Public not to exceed one for each militia district may be appointed by the Judge of the Su 157 perior Court in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries of the several counties They shall be commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall be ex officio Justices of the Peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office Section IX Paragraph I The jurisdiction powers proceedings and practice of all courts or officers invested with judicial powers except city courts of the same grade or class so far as regulated by law and the force and effect of the proeess judgment and decree by such Courts Severally shall be uniform This uniformity must be established by the General Assembly Section X Paragraph I There shall be an AttorneyGeneral of the State who shall be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor Par II It shall be the duty of the SolicitorGeneral to represent the legal adviser of the Executive Department to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all capital felonies and in all civil and criminal cases in any Court when required by the Governor and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law Section XI Paragraph I There shall be a SolicitorGeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except when commissioned to fill an unexpired term shall be four years Par II It shall be the duty of the SolicitorGeneral to represent the State in all cases in the Superior Courts of his circuit and in all cases taken up from his circuit to the Supreme Court and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law Section XII Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral shall be elected by the General Assembly in joint session on such day or days as shall be fixed by joint resolution of both Houses At the session of the General Assembly which is held next before the expiration of the terms of the present incumbents as provided in this Constitution their successors shall be chosen and the same shall apply to the election of those who shall succeed them Vacancies occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the General Assembly shall convene when an election shall be heiv to fill the unexpired portion of the vacant terms Section XIII Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out of the Treasury of the State salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the Attorney 158 General shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect the salaries of those now in office Par II The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such change shall affect the officers then in commission Section XIY Paragraph I No person shall be Judge of the Supreme or Superior Courts or AttorneyGeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years and shall have been a citizen of the State three years and have practiced law for seven years and no person shall be hereafter elected Solicitor General unless at the time of his election he shall have attained twentyfive years of age shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his election Section XV Paragraph I No total divorce shall be granted except on the concurrent verdicts of two juries at different terms of the Court Par II When a divorce is granted the jury rendering the final verdict shall determine the rights and disabilities of the parties Section XYI Paragraph I Divorce cases shall be brought in the county where the defendant resides if a resident of this State if the defendant be not a resident of this State then in the county in which the plaintiff resides Par II Cases respecting titles to land shall be tried in the county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by a county line in which case the Superior Court of either county shall have jurisdiction Par III Equity cases shall be tried in the county where a defendant resided against whom substantial relief is prayed Par IV Suits against joint obligors joint promissors copartners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried in either county Par V Suits against the maker and indorser of promissory notes or drawer acceptor and endorser of foreign or inland bills of exchange or like instruments residing in different counties shall be brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides Par YI All other civil cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall be tried in the county where the crime was committed except cases in the Superior Courts where the Judge is satisfied that an impartial jury cannot be obtained in such county Paragraph I The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the Superior Courts to be exercised in such manner as has been or shall be provided by law Section XVIII Paragraph I The right of trial by Jury except where it is otherwise Provided in this Constitution shall remain inviolate but the 159 General Assembly may prescribe any number not less than five to constitute a trial or traverse jury in Courts other than the Superior and City Courts Par II The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most experienced intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors Par III It shall be the duty of the General Assembly by general laws to prescribe the manner of nxing compensation of jurors in all counties in this State Section XIX Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the creation of County Commissioners in such counties as may require them and to define their duties Section XX Paragraph I All Courts not specially mentioned by name in the first section of this article may be abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly Section XXI Paragraph I The costs in the Supreme Court shall not exceed ten dollars unless otherwise provided by law Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said Court when the usual pauper oath is filled in the Court below ARTICLE VII Finance Taxation and Public Debt Section I Paragraph I The powers of taxation over the whole State shall be exercised by the General Assembly for the following purposes only For the support of the State Government and the public institutions For educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only To pay the interest on the public debt To pay the principal of the public debt To suppress insurrection to repel invasion and defend the State in time of war To supply the soldiers who lost a limb or limbs in the military service of the Confederate States with substantial artificial limbs during life and make suitable provisions for such Confederate soldiers as may have been otherwise disabled or permanently injured in such service or who may by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from 160 wounds received therein or disease contracted in the service or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves provided that the Act shall only apply to such widows as were married at the time of such service and have remained unmarried since the death of such soldier husband Section II Paragraph I All taxation shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects and ad valorem on all property subject to be taxed within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax and shall be levied and collected under general laws The General Assembly may however impose a tax on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive of other property Par II The General Assembly may by law exempt from taxation all public property places of religious worship or burial all institutions of purely public charity all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learningthe real and personal estate of any public library and that of any other literary association used by or connected with such library all books and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandise or for purpose of sale or gain Provided the property so exempted be not used for purpose of private or corporate profit or income Par III No poll tax shall be levied except for educational purposes and such tax shall not exceed one dollar annually upon each poll Par IY All laws exempting property from taxation other than the property herein enumerated shall be void Par Y The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contact or grant to which the State shall be a party Section III Paragraph I No debt shall be contracted by or on behalf of the State except to supply casual deficiencies of revenue to repel invasion suppress insurrection and defend the State in time of war or to pay the existing public debt but the debt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall not exceed in the aggregate two hundred thousand dollars Section IY Paragraph I All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of the State shall specify the purposes for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for the purposes specified and for no other Section Y Paragraph I The credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual company corporation or association and the State shall not become a joint owner or stockholder in any company association or corporation 161 Section YI Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not authorize any county municipal corporation or political division of this State to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restriction shall not operate to prevent the support of schoolsby municipal corporations within their respective limits Provided that if any municipal corporation shall offer to the State any property for locating or building a capitol and the State accepts such offer the corporation may comply with such offer Par II The General Assembly shall not have power to delegate to any county the right to levy a tax for any purpose except for educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only to build and repair the public buildings and bridges to maintain and support prisoners to pay jurors and coroners and for litigation quarantine roads and expenses of Courts to support paupers and pay debts heretofore existing Section YII Paragraph I The debt hereafter incurred by any county municipal corporation or political division of this State except as in this Constitution provided for shall never exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein and no such county municipality or division shall incur any new debt except for a temporary loan or loans to supply casual deficiencies of revenue not to exeed onefifth of one per centum of the assessed value of taxable property therein without the assent of twothirds of the qualified voters thereof at an election for that purpose to be held as may be prescrioed by law but any city the debt of which does not exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property at the time of the adoption of this Constitution may be authorized by law to increase at any time the amount of said debt three per centum upon such assessed valuation Par II Any county municipal corporation or political division of this State which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provisions of this Constitution shall at or before the time of so doing provide for the assessment and collection of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness Section YIII Paragraph I The State shall not assume the debt nor any part thereof of any county municipal corporation or political division of the State unless such debt shall be contracted to enable the State to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war Section IX Paragraph I The receiving directly or indirectly by any officer of the State or county or member or officer of the General Assembly of any interests profits or perquisites arising from the use or loan of public funds in his hands or moneys to be raised through his agency for State or county purposes shall be deemed a felony and 162 punishable as may be prescribed by law a part of which punishment shall be a disqualification from holding office Section X Paragraph I Municipal corporations shall not incur any debt until provision therefor shall have been made by the municipal government Section XI Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money either directly or indirectly to pay the whole or any part of the principal or interest of the bonds or other obligations which have been pronounced illegal null and void by the General Assembly and the constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the first dayof May 1877 nor shall the General Assembly have authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late war between the States nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or other State official enter into any contract or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in any Court of this State or of the United States instituted to test the validiy of any such bonds or obligaions Section XII Paragraph I The bonded debt of the State shall never be increased except to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend the State in time of war Section XIII Paragraph I The proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Macon and Brunswick or other railroads held by the State and any other property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or any part thereof shall be applied to the payment of the bonded debt of the State and shall not be used for any other purpose whatever so long as the State has any existing bonded debt Provided that the proceeds of the Sale of the Western and Atlantic Eailroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in prfrence to all other bonds Section XIY Paragraph I The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses and interest on the public debt the sum of one hundred thousand dollars which shall be held as a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not yet matured and shall be applied to no other purpose whatever If the bonds cannot at any time be purchased at or below par then the sinking fund herein provided for may be loaned by the Governor and Treasurer of the State Provided the security which shall be demanded for said loan shall consist only of the valid bonds of the State but this section shall not take effect until the eight per cent currency bonds issued under the Act of February the 19th 1873 shall have been paid Section XY Paragraph I The ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall each make to the Governor a quarterly report of the financial condition of the State which report shall include a statement of the assets liabilities ana income of the State and expenditures therefor for three months preceding and it shall be the duty of the Governor to carefully examine the same by himself or through competent persons connected with his department and cause an abstract thereof to be published for the information of the people which abstract shall be indorsed by him as having been examined Section XYI Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not by vote resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of any person corporation or association Par II The General Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after the service has been rendered or the contract entered into Section XYII Paragraph I The office of the State Printer shall cease with the expiration of the term of the present incumbent and the General Assembly shall provide by law for letting the public printing to the lowest responsible bidder or bidders who shall give adequate and satisfactory security for the faithful performance thereof No member of the General Assembly or other public officer shall be interested either directly or indirectly in any such contract ARTICLE VIII Education Section I Paragraph I There shall be a thorough system of common schools for the education of children in the elementary branches of an English education only as nearly uniform as practicable the expense of which shall be provided for by taxation or otherwise The schools shall be free to all children of the State but separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races Section II Paragraph I There shall be a State School Commissioner elected by the people at the same time and manner as the Governor and State house officers are elected whose term of office shall be two years and until his successor is elected and qualified JEis office shall be at the seat of the government and he shall be paid a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars 2000 per annum The General Assembly may substitute for the State School Commissioner such officer or officers as mop be deemed necessary to perfect the system of public education 164 Section III Paragraph I The poll tax any educational fund now belonging to the State except the endowment of and debts due to the University of Georgia a special tax on shows and exhibitions and of the sale of spirituous and malt liquors which the General Assembly is hereby authorized to assess and the proceeds of any commutation tax for military service and all taxes that may be assessed onsuch domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive to other property are hereby set apart and devoted for the support of common schools Section IY Paragraph I Authority may be granted to counties upon the recommendation of two grand juries and to municipal corporations upon the recommendation of the corporate authority to establish and maintain public schools in their respective limits by local taxation but no such local laws shall take effect until the same shall have been submitted to a vote of the qualified voters in each county or municipal corporation and approved by a two thirds vote of persons qualified to vote at such election and the General Assembly may prescribe who shall vote on such question Section V Paragraph I Existing local school systems shall not be affected by this Constitution Nothing contained in section first of this article shall be construed to deprive schools in this State not common schools from participation in the educational fund of the State as to all pupils therein taught in the elementary branches of an English education Section YI Paragraph I The Trustees of the University of Georgia may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of said University In addition to the payment of the annual interest on the debt dueby the State to the University the General Assembly may form time to time mase such donations thereto as the condition of the treasury will authorize And the General Assembly may also from time to time make such appropriations of money as the condition of the treasury will authorize to any college or uni versity not exceeding one in number now established or hereafter to be established in this State for the education of persons of color ARTICLE IX Homestead and Exemption Section I Paragraph I There shall be exempt from levy and sale by virtue of any process whatever under the laws of this State except as hereinafter excepted of the property of every head of a family or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children or every aged or infirm 165 person or persons having the care and support of dependent females of any age who is not the head of a family realty or personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars NoteThe above provision of the Constitution was especially submitted to the people and ratified as a part thereof by them on December 5th 1877 Section II Paragraph I No Court or ministerial officer in this State shall ever have jurisdiction or authority to enforce any judgment execution or decree against the property set apart for such purpose including such improvements as may be made thereon from time to time except for taxes for the purchase money of the same for labor done thereon for material furnished therefor or for the removal of incumbrances thereon Section III Paagraph I The debtor shall have power to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in this article except as to wearing apparel and not exceeding three hundred dollars worth of household and kitchen furniture and provisions to be selected by himself and wife if any and he shall not after it is set apart alienate or encumber the property so exempted but it may be sold by the debtor and his wife if any jointly with the sanction of the Judge of the Superior Court of the county where the debtor resides or the land is situated the proceeds to be reinvested upon the same uses Section IY Paragraph I The General Assembly shall provide by law as early as practicable for the setting apart and valuation of said property But nothing in this article shall be construed to affect or repeal the existing laws for exemption of property from sale contained in the present Code of this State in paragraphs 2040 to 2049 inclusive and the Act amendatory thereto It may be optional with the applicant to take either but not both of such exemptions Section Y Paragraph I The debtor shall have authority to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in section four except as is excepted in section three of this article Section VI Paragraph I The applicant shall at any time have the right to supplement his exemption by adding to an amount already set apart which is less than the whole amount of exemption herein allowed a sufficiency to make his exemption equal to the whole amount Section YIx Paragraph I Homestead and exemptions of personal property which have been heretofore set apart by virtue of the provisions of the existing Constitution of this State and in accordance with the laws for the enforcement thereof or which may hereafter so set apart at any time shall be and remain valid as against all debts and liabilities existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution to the 166 same extent that they would have been had said existing Constitution not been revised Section YIIT Paragraph I Eights which have become vested under previously existing laws shall not be affected by anything herein contained In all cases in which homesteads have been set apart under the Constitution of 1868 and the laws made in pursuance thereof and a bona fide sale of such property has been subsequently made and the full purchase price thereof paid all right ot exemption in such property by reason of its having been so set apart shall cease in so far as it affects the right of the purchaser In all such cases where a part only of the purchase price has been paid such transactions shall be governed by the laws now of force in this State in so far as they affect the rights of the purchaser as though said property bad not been set apart Section IX Paragraph I Parties who have taken a homestead of realty under the Constitution of eighteen hundred and sixtyeight shall have the right to sell said homestead and reinvest the same by order of the Judge of the Superior Courts of this State ARTICLE X Militia Section I Paragraph I A well regulated militia being essential to the peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law how the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained armed and equipped and of whom it shall consist Par II The General Assembly shall have power to authorize the formation of volunteer companies and to provide for their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same Par III The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State ARTICLE XI Counties and County Officers Section I Paragraph I Each county shall be a body corporate with such powersand limitations as maybe prescribed by law All suits by or against a county shall be in the name thereof and the metes and bounds of the several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided Par II No new County shall be created 167 Par III County lines shall not be changed unless under the operation of a general law for that purpose Par IV No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly Par V Any county may be dissolved and merged with contiguous counties by a twothirds vote of the qualified electors of such county voting at an election held for that purpose Section II Paragraph I The county officers shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties or districts and shall hold their offices for two years They shall be removed on conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be eligible to any of the offices referred to in this paragraph unless he shall have been a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter Section III Paragraph I Whatever tribunal or officers may hereafter be created by the General Assembly for the transaction of county matters shall be uniform throughout the State and of the same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for the appointment of commissioners of roads and revenue in any county ARTICLE XII The Laws ofGeneral Operation in Force in this State Section I Paragraph I The laws of general operation in this State are first as the supreme law The Constitution of the United States the laws of the United States in pursuance thereof and all treaties made under the authority of the United States Par II Second As next in authority thereto this Constitution Par III Third In subordination to the foregoing All laws now of force in this State not inconsistent with this Constitution and the ordinances of this Convention shall remain of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly The tax acts and appropriation acts passed by the General Assembly of 1877 and approved by the Governor of the State and not inconsistent with the Constitution are hereby continued in force until altered by law Par IV Local and private acts passed for the benefit of counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms Par V All rights privileges and immunities which may have vested in or accrued to any person or persons or corporations in his her or their own right or in any fiduciary capacity under and 168 in virtue of any act of the General Assembly or any judgment decree or order or other proceeding of any court of comptent jurisdiction in this State heretofore rendered shall be held inviolate by all courts before which they may be brought in question unless attacked for fraud Par VI All judgments decrees orders and other proceedings of the several courts of this State heretofore made within the limits of their several jurisdictions are hereby ratified and affirmed subject only to reversion by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other proceeding in conformity with the law of force when they were made Par VII The officers of the government now existing shall continue in the exercise of their several functions until their successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified but nothing herein is to apply to any officer whose office may be abolished by this Constitution Par VIII The ordinances of this Convention shall have the force of laws until otherwise provided by the General Assembly except the ordinances in reference to submitting the homestead and Capital questions to a vote of the people which ordinances after being voted on shall have the effect of constitutional provisions ARTICLE XIII Amendments to the Constitution Section I Paragraph I Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon And the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more papers in each Congressional district for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members or the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately Par II No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable NoteUnder the ordinance of the Convention submitting the question of the location of the capital to the people the city of Atlanta was chosen December 5th 1877 Section II Paragraph I The Constitution shall be submitted for ratification or rejection to the voters of the State at an election to be held on the first Wednesday in December one thousand eight hundred and seventyseven in the several election districts of this State at which election every person shall be entitled to vote who is entitled to vote for the members of the General Assembly under the constitution and laws of force at the date of such election said election to be held and conducted as is now provided by law for holding elections for members of the General Assembly All persons voting at said election m favor of adopting the Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words For Ratification and all persons opposed to the adoption of this Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words Against Ratification Par II The votes cast at said election shall be consolidated in each of the counties of the State as is now required by law in elections for members of the General Assembly and returns thereof made to the Governor and should a majority of all the votes cast at said election be in favor of ratification he shall declare the said Constitution adopted and make proclamation of the result of said selection by publication in one or more newspapers in each Congressional district of the State but should a majority of the votes cast be against ratification he shall in the same manner proclaim the said Constitution rejected AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION An Act to amend Paragraph 2 and 3 of Section 3 of Article 6 and Paragraph 1 of Section 11 of Article 6 of the Constitution of this State so as to provide for the election of the Judges of Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral by the electors of the whole State Acts 1897 page 16 An Act to amend Section 1 Article 7 Paragraph 1 of the Constitution of Georgia so as to extend the provisions of said Section Article and Paragraph to the widows of Confederate Soldiers who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves and for other purposes Acts of 1899 page 19 An Act to amend Article 7 Section 1 of the Constitution of this State so as to limit the levy of taxes on property for any one year by the General Assembly to five mills on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in this State except for the purpose of repelling invasion suppressing insurrection or defending the State in time of war and for other purposes Acts of 1903 page 21 An Act to alter and amend Article 8 Section 4 Paragraph 1 of the Constitution of the State by striking out the words upon the recom 170 inendation of two grand juries which begin in the first line after the word Counties and end in the second line before the word and and substituting therefor the words 1 Militia Districts School Districts and by inserting the words Military Districts School Districts in the seventh line after the word County and before the word or and further by striking out the word twothirds which begins in the seventh line after the word a and ends in the eighth line before the word vote and substituting therefor the words twothirds majority of those voting and the manner of submitting the same for ratification and for other purposes Acts of 1903 page 23 An Act to amend Paragraph 2 of Section 1 of Article 11 of the Constitution of this State by striking out all of said Paragraph 2 Section 1 Article II and inserting in lieu thereof the following There shall not be more than one hundred and fortyfive Counties in this State Acts 1904 page 47 An Act to amend Section 3 Article 3 of the Constitution of this State which provides for the number of members of the House of Representatives by striking out Paragraph 1 of said Section of said Article and substituting in lieu thereof a Paragraph allowing an increase in the number of members of said House and naming the Counties now entitled to more than one Representative Acts 1904 page 48 ORDINANCES AN ORDINANCE Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled 1st That the question of the location of the capital of this State be kept out of the Constitution to be adopted by this Convention 2d That at the first general election hereafter held for members of the General Assembly every voter may indorse on his ballot Atlanta or Milledgeville and the one of these places receiving the largest number of votes shall be the capital of the State until changed by the same authority and in the same way that may be provided for the alteration of the Constitution that may be adopted by the Convention whether said Constitution be ratified or rejected And that every person entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly under the present Constitution and laws of this State shall be entitled to vote under this ordinance and in the event of the rejection of said Constitution shall should a majority of votes cast be in favor of Milledgeville then this provision to operate and take effect as an amendment to the present Constitution AN ORDINANCE Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same 1st That the article adopted by this Convention on the subject of Homestead and Exemption shall not form a part of this Constitution except as hereinafter provided 2d At the election held for the ratification or rejection of this Constitution it shall be lawful for each voter to have written or printed on his ballot thewords Homestead of 1877 or the words Homestead of 1868 3d In the event that a majority of the ballots so cast have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1877 then said article so adopted by this Convention shall form a part of the Constitution submitted if the same is ratified but in the event that said Constitution so submitted shall not be ratified then the article on Homestead and Exemptions so adopted as aforesaid by this Convention shall supersede article seven of the Constitution of 1868 on the subject of Homestead and Exemptions and form a part of this Constitution 4th If a majority of the ballots so cast as aforesaid shall have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1868 then article seventh of the Constitution of 1868 shall supersede the article on Homestead and Exemptions adopted by this Convention and shall be incorporated in and form a part of the Constitution so submitted and ratified Read and adopted in Convention August 22 1877 Attest C J JENKINS President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary 173 AN OEDINANCE Whereas A committee has been appointed by this Conventhm to consider and inquire into the ways and means by which the expenses of this Convention over and above those provided for by the General Assembly can be defrayed and whereas the committee are satisfied that a sufficient sum of money for the same can be procured by an ordinance of this Convention therefore Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same That the President of this Convention shall be and he is hereby empowered by authority of this Convention to negotiate a loan of a sufficient sum of money at seven per cent per annum to defray the residue of the expenses of this Convention not provided for by the Act of the General Assembly calling this Convention Eead and adopted in Convention August 18 1877 Attest C J JENKINS President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPEE NISBET Secretary AN OEDINANCE Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled 1st That the Constitution as adopted and revised be enrolled and signed by the officers and members of this Convention 2 That the Governor shall issue his proclamation ordering an election for members of the General Assembly and a vote upon the ratification or rejection of this Constitution as therein provided and a vote upon the Capital and Homestead questions as provided by the ordinances of this Convention Eead and adopted in Convention August 25th 1877 Attest C J JENKINS President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPEE NISBET Secretary AN OEDINANCE There shall be sixteen Judicial Circuits in this State and it shall be tjSa duty of the General Assembly to organize and apportion the same in such manner aS to equalize the business and labor of the Judges in said several circuits as far as may be practicable But the General Assembly shall have power hereafter to recognize increase or diminish the number of circuits Provided however that the circuits shall remain as now organized until changed by law Eead and adopted in Convention August 23 1877 Attest C J JENKINS President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPEE NISBET Secretary 174 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION Paragraph 15 of Section 7 Article 3 stricken out Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable pro visions for such Confederate soldiers as may have been permanently injured in such service See Acts of 18841885 Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 also amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable provision for such Confederate soldiers as may have otherwise been disabled or permanently injured in such service and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from wounds received therein or diseases contracted therein Paragraph 3 Section 4 Article 2 amended by striking out biennially after the word and and before the word thereafter and substituting therefor the word annually Paragraph 6 Section 4 Article 2 amended by striking out the words forty days unless by a twothirds vote of the whole number of each House and substituting therefor fifty days These amendments were construed to apply to Article 3 instead of Article 2 Paragraph 7 Section 7 Article 3 amended by adding thereto but the first and second reading of each local bill and bank and railroad charters in each House shall consist of the reading of the title only unless Said bill is ordered to be engrossed Paragraph 18 Section 7 Article 3 amended by striking out after the word companies in the second line the following words viz Except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies and substituting therefor at the end of said paragraph after the word courts the following viz All corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law See Acts of 189091 Yol 1 pages 55 to 60 inclusive Paragraph 1 Section 1 of Article 7 by adding after the word service in the thirteenth line of said paragraph the following words towit Or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves Act approved December 19 1893 Adopted by vote of the people Oct 1894 Paragraph 2 Section 3 Article 6 amended so that the same shall read as follows The successors to the present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly of the whole State at the general election hejd for such members next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Provided that the successors for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall be elected by the General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years 175 Paragraph 3 Section 3 Article 6 amended so that said paragraph shall read as follows The terms of the judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their election Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected Paragraph 1 Section 11 Article 6 amended so that the same shall read as follows There shall be a SolicitorGeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except to fill a vacancy shall be four years The successors of present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the whole State qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected provided that the successor for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall be elected by the General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 amended so that the same shall read as follows and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves provided that the Act shall only apply to such widows as were married at the time of such service and have remained unmarried sice the death of such soldier husband Paragraph 1 Section 3 Article 8 be amended to read as follows The Legislature shall have authority to add one or more additional judges of the superior court for any judicial circuit in this State and shall have authority to regulate the manner in which the judges of such circuits shall dispose of the business thereof and shall fix the time at which the term or terms of office of such additional judge or judges shall begin and the manner of his appointment or election and shall have authority from time to time to add to the number of such judges in any judicial circuit or to reduce the number of judges in any judicial circuit provided that at all times there shall be at least one judge in every judicial circuit of this State Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 6 be amended to read as follows The judicial powers of the State shall be vested in a SupremeCourt a Court of Appeals superior courts courts of ordinary justices of the peace commissioned notaries public and such other courts as have been or may be established by law Paragraph 5 Section 2 Article 6 be amended to read as follows The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a court alone for the trial and correction of errors in law and equity from the superior courts in all civil cases whether legal or equitable originating therein or carried thereto from the court of ordinary and in all cases of conviction of a capital felony and for the determination of questions certified to it by the Court of Appeals and shall sit at the seat of government at such times in each year as are or may 176 be prescribed by law for the trial and determination of writs of error irom the superior courts and of questions certified to it as aforesaid The provisions of this paragraph shall become effective on the first day of January Anno Domini nineteen hundred and seven but shall not affect cases which on that date are pending in the Supreme Court except that cases then pending therein of the kind of which the Court of Appeals has jurisdiction may be transferred by the Supreme Court to the Court of Appeals Any case thereafter carried to the Supreme Court which is of the class of which the Court of Appeals has jurisdiction may be transferred to theCourt of Appeals under such rules as the Supreme Court may prescribe until otherwise provided by law and the court of Appeals shall try the cases so transferred Section 2 Article 6 by adding a paragraph to be known as Paragraph 9 which shall read as follows The Court of Appeals shall until otherwise provided by law consist of three judges of whom two shall constitute a quorum It shall sit at the seat of government and at such other places as may be prescribed by law The Governor shall immediately on the ratification of this amendment call an election to be held on Tuesday after the first Monday in November Anno Domini nineteen hundred and six at which the judges of the Court of Appeals shall be elected in the manner in which Justices of the Supreme Court are elected The returns of saidselection shall be made to the Secretary of State and the Secretary of State shall canvass the returns and declare the three persons receiving the greatest number of votes to be elected The terms of office of the judges then elected shall begin on the first day of January Anno Domini nineteen hundred and seven and shall continue respectively two four and six years and until their successors are qualified The persons so elected shall among themselves determine by lot which of the terms each shall have and they shall be commissioned accordingly by the Governor All terms of the judges of the Court of Appeals after the expiration of the terms aforesaid except unexpired terms shall continue six years and until their successors are qualified The times and manner of all other elections and the mode of filling a vacancy which causes an unexpired term shall be the same as are or may be provided for by the laws relating to the election and appointment of Justices of the Supreme Court The Court of Appeals shall have jurisdiction for the trial and correction of errors in law and equity from the superior courts in all cases in which such jurisdiction is not conferred by this Constitution on the Supreme Court and from the City courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such other lie courts as have been or may be hereafter established in other cities and in such other eases as may hereafter be prescribed by law except that where in a case pending in the Court of Appeals a question is raised as to the construction of a provision of the Constitution of this State or of the United States or as to the constitutionality of an Act of the General Assembly of this State and a decision of the question is necessary to the determination of the case the Court of Appeals shall so certify to the Supreme Court and thereupon a transcript of the record shall be transmitted to the Supreme Court which after having afforded to the parties an opportunity to be heard thereon shall instruct the Court of Appeals on the question so certified and the Court of Appeals shall be bound by the instruction so given But if by reason of an equal division of opinion among the Justices of the Supreme Court no such in 177 struction is given the Court of appeals may decide the question The Court of Appeals may at any time certify to th Supreme Court any other question of law concerning which it desires the instruction of the Supreme Court for proper decision and thereupon the Supreme Court shall give its instruction on the question certified to it which shall be binding on the Court of Appeals in such case The manner of certifying questions to the Supreme Court by the Court of Appeals and the subsequent proceedings m regard to the same in the Supreme Court shall be as the Supreme Court shall by its rules prescribe until otherwise provided oy law No affirmance of the judgment of the court below in cases pending in the Court of Appeals shall result from delay in disposing of questions certified by the Court of Appeals to the Supreme Court All writs of error in the Court of Appeals when received by its clerk during a term of the Court and before the docket of the term is by order of the Court closed shall be entered thereon and when received at any other time shall be entered on the docket of the next term and they shall stand for hearing at the term for which they are so entered under such rules as the Court may prescribe until otherwise provided by law The Court of Appeals shall appoint a clerk and a sheriff of the court The reporter of the Supreme Court shall be reporter of the Court of Appeals until otherwise provided by law The first term of the Court of Appeals shall be held on the first Monday in January Anno Domini nineteen hundred and seven The laws relating to the Supreme Court as to qualifications and salaries of the judges the designation of other judges to preside when members of the Court are disqualified the powers duties salaries fees and terms of officers the mode of carrying cases to the Court the powers practice procedure times of sitting and costs of the Court the publication of reports of cases decided therein and in all other respects except as otherwise provided in this Constitution and until otherwise provided by law shall apply to the Court of Appeals so far as they can be made to apply The decisions of the Supreme Court shall bind the Court of Appeals as precedents Section 1 of Article 2 repealed and the following Section consisting of nine paragraphs inserted in lieu thereof I Paragraph 1 After the year 1908 elections by the people shall be by ballot and only those persons shall be allowed to vote who have been first registered in accordance with the requirements of law Paragraph 2 Every male citizen of this State who is a citizen of the United States twentyone years old or upwards not laboring under any of the disabilities named in this Article and possessing the qualifications provide by it shall be an elector and entitled to register and vote at any election by the people provided that no soldier sailor or marine in the military or naval services of the United States shall acquire rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State Paragraph 3 To entitle a person to register and vote at any election by the people he shall have resided in the State one year next preceding the election and in the county in which he offers to vote six months next preceding the election and shall have paid all taxes which may have been required of him since the adoption of the Constitution of Georgia of 1877 that he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeably to law Such payment must have been made at least six months prior to the election at which he offers to 178 vote except when such elections are held withia six months front the expiration of the time fixed by law for the payment of such taxes Paragraph 4 Every male citizen of this State shall be entitled to register as an elector and to vote in all elections in said State whois not disqualified under the provisions of Section 2 of Article 2 of this Constitution and who possesses the qualifications prescribed in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Section or who will possess them at the date of the election occurring next after his registration and who in addition thereto comes within either of the classes provided for in the five following subdivisions of this paragraph 1 All persons who have honorably served in the land or naval forces of the United States in the Revolutionary War or in the War of 1812 or in the War with Mexico or in any War with the Indians or in the War between the States or in the War with Spain or who honorably served in the land or naval forces of the Confederate States or of the State of Georgia in the War between the States or 2 All persons lawfully descended from those embraced in the classes enumerated in the subdivision next above or 3 All persons who are of good character and understand the duties and obligations of citizenship under a Republican form of government or 4 All persons who can correctly read in the English language any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State and correctly write the same in the English language when read to them by any one of the registrars and all persons who solely because of physical disability are unable to comply with the above requirements but who can understand and give a reasonable interpretation of any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or or this State that may be read to them by any one of the registrars or 5 Any person who is the owner in good faith in his own right of at least forty acres of land situated in this State upon which he resides or is the owner in good faith in his own right of property situated in this State and assessed for taxation at the value of 50000 Paragraph 5 The right to register under subdivisions 1 and 2 of paragraph 4 shall continue only until January 1st 1915 But the registrars shall prepare a roster of all persons who register under subdivisions 1 and 2 of paragraph 4 and shall return the same to the clerks office of the Superior Court of their counties and the clerks of the Superior Court shall send copies of the same to the Secretary of State and it shall be the duty of these officers to record and permanently preserve these rosters Any person who has been once registered under either of the subdivisions 1 or 2 of paragraph 4 shall thereafter be permitted to vote provided he meets the requirements of paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Section Paragraph 6 Any person to whom the right of registration is denied by the registrars upon the ground that he lacks the qualifications set forth in the five subdivisions of paragraph 4 shall have the right to take an appeal and any citizen may enter an appeal from the decision of the registrars allowing any person to register under said subdivisions All appeals must be filed in writing with the registrars within ten days from the date of the decision complained of and shall be returned by the registrars of the office of the clerk of the Superior Court to be tried as other appeals Paragraph 7 Pending an appeal and until the final decision of the case the judgment of the registrars shall remain in full force Paragraph 8 No person shall be allowed to participate in a primary of any political party or a convention of any policital party in this State who is not a qualified voter Paragraph 9 The machinery provided by law for the registration of force October 1st 1908 shall be used to carry out the provisions of this Section except where inconsistent with same the legislature may change or amend the registration laws from time to time but no such change or amendment shall operate to defeat any of the provisions of this Section See Acts of 1908 pages 27 28 29 Paragraph 1 of Section 3 Article 3 of the Constitution of Georgia as amended by an Act approved July 27 1904 is hereby amended by striking 183 Representatives in the said paragraph of tbe Constitution as amended and substituting 184 Representatives See Acts of 1908 pages 31 and 32 Article Seven 7 Section six 6 of the Constitution of said State be amended as follows towit By adding to paragraph two 2 of said Section and Article the following words towit To pay the county police and to provide for necessary sanitation See Acts of 1908 page 33 Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 of the Constitution of this State be amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following To make provision for the payment of pensions to any exConfederate soldier now resident of this State who enlisted in the militray service of this State or who enlisted in the military service of the Confederate States during the civil war between the States of the United States and who performed actual military service in the armies of the Confederate States or the organized militia of this State and was honorably discharged therefrom and to widows now residents of this State of exConfederate soldiers who enlisted in the military service of this State or who enlisted in the military service of the Confederate States and who performed actual service in the armies of the Confederate States or of the organized militia of this State who died in said military service or was honorably discharged Note by Compiler The foregoing proposed amendment to the Constitution originated in the House and was passed by the Senate Aug 12 1908 The Legislature adjourned Aug 12 1908 The bill proposing said amendment has not been signed or vetoed by the Governor but the same has been filed in the office of the Sec retary of State endorsed as follows No action by the Governorf See Constitution of the State Article 3 Section 7 Paragraph 23 Civil Code Section 5781 and Article 5 Section 1 Paragraph 16 and 17 Civil Code Sections 5819 and 5820 Also Article 13 Section 1 Paragraph 1 Civil Code Section 5940 See Acts of 1908 pages 34 35 36 Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 of the Constitution of the State of Georgia amended to provide for the payment of Pensions of exConfederate Soldiers and to the widows of exConfederate Soldiers married prior to first January 1870 not worth over 150000 etc This amendment ratified at the November election 1908 See Act 1910 pages 37 42 Approved July 8 1910 180 Paragraph 1 of Section 13 of Article 6 of the Constitution of the State of Georgia amended by adding Provided however that the counties of Chatham Pulton and Richmond shall pay from their respective county treasuries to the Superior Court Judges of the circuit of which they are a part and the county of Fulton to the Judge of the Stone Mountain Circuit or the Judge of such other Circuit as may hereafter be required to regularly preside therein for additional services rendered in the Superior Court of Fulton County such sums as will with the salaries paid each Judge from the State Treasury make a salary of 500000 per annum to each Judge and said payments are declared to be a part of the Court expenses of such counties such payments to be made to the Judges now in office as well aS their successors See Act 1910 pages 42 44 Approved August 3 1910 Paragraph 2 Section 6 Article 7 of the Constitution of the Stateof Georgia amended by striking from said paragraph 2 the following Instructing children in the elementary branches of an English Education only so as to read The General Assembly shall not have power to delegate to any county the right to levy a tax for any purpose except for educational purposes to build and repair the public buildings and bridges to maintain and support prisoners to pay jurors and coroners and for litigation quarantine roads and expenses of Courts to support paupers and to pay debts heretoforeexisting See Act 1910 pages 45 47 Approved August 4 1910 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION 1911 Article VIII Section I Paragraph I of the Constitution of this State amended by striking therefrom the words in the elementary branches of an English education only in lines two and three so that when so amended the said Article Section and Paragraph shall read as follows towit There shall be a thorough system of common schools for the education of the children as nearly uniform as practicable the expense of which shall be provided for by taxation or otherwise The schools shall be free to all children of the State but separate schools Bhall be provided for the white and colored races See Acts 1911 Pages 4648 Approved August 17 1911 The Constitution of Georgia amended by adding to second Section of the seventh Article of said Constitution a new Paragraph for requiring certain tax returns to be made to the ComptrollerGeneral on or before the 1st day of March of each year and for requiring the taxes arising on such returns to be paid on or before the 1st day of September and to authorize the General Assembly to pass such laws as may be necessary and proper for carrying out said provisions See Acts 1911 Pages 5153 Approved August 19 1911 181 The third Section of the seventh Article of the Constitution amended by striking therefrom the words Casual Deficiencies of Revenue and substituting therefor the words such temporary deficit as may exist in the Treasury in any year from necessary delay in collecting the taxes of that year and by striking the words Two Hundred Thousand Dollars and substituting in lieu thereof Five Hundred Thousand Dollars and any loan made for this purpose shall be repaid out of the taxes levied for the year in which the loan is made See Acts 1911 Pages 49 50 Approved August 19 1911 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION 1912 Article 3 Section 7 Paragraph 18 of the Constitution of the State of Georgia embraced in Section 5780 of the Civil Code of this State authorizing and empowering Judges of the Superior Courts of this State to grant charters to private companies in vacation and for other purposes amended to read as follows 11 The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the Courts it may confer this authority to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies to the Judges of the Superior Courts of this State in vacation All corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law and if in any event the Secretary of State should be disqualified to act in any case then in that event the Legislature shall provide by general laws by what person such charters shall be granted See Acts 1912 Pages 27 29 Approved August 17 1912 Article 6 Section 7 of the Constitution of this State amended to read as follows Article 6 Section 7 of the Constitution of this State amended by adding to Paragraph 1 of said Section the following words towit Provided however that the General Assembly may in its discretion abolish Justice Courts and the office of Justice of the Peace and of Notary Public exofficio Justices of the Peace in any City of this State having a population of over twenty thousand except the City of Savannah and establish in lieu thereof such Court or Courts or system of Courts as the General Assembly may in its discretion deem necessary conferring upon such new Court or Courts or system of Courts when so established the jurisdiction as to subject matter now exercised by Justice Courts and by Justices of the Peace and Notaries Public exofficio Justices of the Peace together with Such additional jurisdiction either as to amount or subject matter as may be provided by law whereof some other Court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitution together also with such provisions as to rules and procedure in such Courts and as to new trials and the correction of errors in and by said Courts and with such further provisions for the correction of errors by the Superior Court or the Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or authorize Any Court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down in Paragraph 1 of Section 9 of Article 6 of the Constitution of Georgia So that said Section when amended shall read as follows 11 There shall be in each Militia District one Justice of the Peace whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be four yeyars provided however that the General Assembly may in its discretion abolish Justice Courts and the office of Justices of the Peace and of Notary Public exofficio Justices of the Peace in any City of this State having a population of over twenty thousand except the City of Savannah and establish in lieu thereof such Court or Courts or system of Courts as the General Assembly may in its discretion deem necessary conferring upon such new Court or Courts or system of Courts when so established the jurisdiction as to subject matter now exercised by Justice Courts and by Justices of the Peace and Notaries Public exofficio Justices of the Peace together with such additional jurisdiction either as to amount or subject matter as may be provided by law whereof some other Court has not exclusive jurisdiction under this Constitution together also with such provision as to rules and procedure in such Courts and as to new trials and the correction of errors in and by said Courts and with such further provision for the correction of errors by the Superior Court or Court of Appeals or the Supreme Court as the General Assembly may from time to time in its discretion provide or authorize Any Court so established shall not be subject to the rules of uniformity laid down in Paragraph 1 of Section 9 of Article 6 of the Constitution of Georgia See Act 1912 Pages 30 31 32 Approved July 30 1912 Section 1 of the Act of July 11 1910 known as the ServicePension Law amended by striking from the seventh and eighthlines of said Section the words in parenthesis towit not now drawing a pension from the State so that said Section when amended by this Act will read as follows That a pension off sixty dollars be paid annually on the first of January and before the first of May to each exConfederate soldier and to the widow of each exConfederate soldier who was married prior to the first day of January 1870 who was a bona fide resident citizen of this State on the fourth day of November 1908 the total valueof whose property of any kind and of any description and of any value whatever does not exceed fifteen hundred dollars whoenlisted and was mustered into the organized army of the Confederate States or of the organized militia of the State of Georgia and performed as much as six months of actual military service as a soldier and was honorably discharged therefrom Provided this Act shall not apply to those the value of whose property is more than fifteen hundred dollars nor whose pension is more than sixty dollars per annum Provided further proof of six months 183 service shall not be required of any soldier who died while in the service before the expiration of said six months Sec 2 Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid That Section 11 of same Act be amended by striking word c Fifteen and adding in lieu thereof word First so that said Section after amended shall read as follows That all applications for pensions to be considered for the rolls of the following year shall be filed in the office of Commissioner of Pensions on or before the first of November of each year See Acts 1912 Pages 33 34 Approved August 13 1912 An Act to amend Section 8 of an Act approved July 11th 1910 entitled 1 An Act to be entitled an Act to put in force the Constitutional amendments ratified at the November election 1908 of Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 of the Constitution of the State providing for the payment of pensions to exConfederate soldiers and to widows of exConfederate soldiers married prior to the first of January 1870 not worth over 1500 to fix the term of service the annual amount to be paid the proofs to be made to provided penalties for false and fraudulent swearing in connection therewiith and to make appropriations to pay the same and for other purposes and for other purposes Section 1 Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Georgia That an Act approved July 11th 1910 as per caption quoted in the caption of this Act be after the passage of this Act so amended that Section 8 of said Act be and the same is hereby amended by inserting in the fifth line thereof between the word war and the word leaving the words or was honorably discharged and by inserting in the sixth line thereof between the word killed and the word who the words or honorably discharged so that said Section when so amended shall read as follows Section 8 Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid That when a soldier was killed or injured while in the service and in line of duty as a soldier or died as the result of such injury before the close of the war or was honorably discharged leaving a widow who was his wife when injured or killed or honorably discharged who has since married and is now a widow shall be paid the annual pension as provided by this Act provided she is otherwise eligible under the provisions of this Act as are required of other widows of Confederate soldiers Approved August 19 1912 See Act 1912 Pages 35 36 Article 7 Section 2 Paragraph 2 of the Constitution of this State amended by adding to and at the end of said Paragraph the following words The General Assembly shall further have power to exempt from taxation farm products including baled cotton grown in this State and remaining in the hands of the producer but not longer than for the year next after their production See Acts 1912 Pages 35 36 Approved August 6 1912 184 Paragraph 2 Section 1 Article 11 of the Constitution of the State of Georgia amended by adding to said Paragraph the following language Provided however that in addition to the counties now provided for by this Constitution there shall be a new county laid out and created from the territory now comprising Pulaski County to be made up and composed of all that part of the territory of Pulaski County lying north and east of a line extending northwest and southeast across said county said line beginning at the point on the boundary line of Pulaski and Dodge Counties where land lots Nos 123 and 148 in the 20th land district of Pulaski County meet and thence extending from said point in a northwesterly direction along the line dividing said lots 123 and 148 thence continuing in a northwesterly direction along the dividing lines of the following land lots Nos 122 and 149 121 and 150 in the 20th land district and Nos 300 and 301 299 and 302 298 and 303 297 and 304 296 and 305 295 and 306 294 and 307 293 and 308 292 and 309 291 and 310 290 and 311 289 and 312 288 and 313 287 and 314 286 and 315 in the 21st land district and Nos 354 and 361 and between lots 360 and 355 and between 359 and 356 between 358 and 357 in the 24th land district to the Ocmulgee Eiver and to the line of Houston County That the said new county shall be known as the County of Bleckley and the City of Cochran shall be the county site of the same That the said County of Bleckley shall be attached to the same Congressional District and to the same Judicial Circuit and to the same State Senatorial District as those to which the County of Pulaski is attached at the date of the ratification of this amendment That all legal voters residing in the limits of the County of Bleckley entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly under the laws of Georgia shall on the first Wednesday in January following the ratification of this prposed amendment elect an Ordinary a Clerk of the Superior Court a Sheriff a Coroner a Tax Collector a Tax Receiver a County Surveyor and a County Treasurer and one Commissioner of Roads and Revenues for said new county and said election shall be held at Cochran That the Superior Courts of said Bleckley County shall be held on the second Monday in January and the first Monday in July of each year That the Congressional and Senatorial Districts the Judicial Circuit to which said county is attached the time of holding the terms of the Superior Court and the limits of the county shall be as designated above until changed by law Provided that the laws applicable to the organization of new counties as found in Sections 829 to 848 inclusive of the Code of 1911 are hereby made applicable to said County of Bleckley whenever the same may be created by the proposed amendment to the Constitution and that said county when created shall become a statutory county and shall be at all times subj ect to all laws applicable to all other counties in this State See Act 1912 Pages 38 39 40 Approved July 30 1912 Paragraph 2 Section Ljj Article 11 of the Constitution of this State amended by adding to said Paragraph the following language Provided however that in addition to the counties now provided for by this Constitution there shall be a new county laid out from the County of Montgomery and bounded as follows Commencing at a point on the western bank of the Oconee River where the Laurens County line intersects with said river thence down the western bank of the said river to the mouth of the said river thence up the northern bank of the Ocmulgee River to the mouth of the Little Ocmulgee River thence up the said Little Ocmulgee River to the line of Dodge County thence east along said line of Dodge County and Laurens County to the western bank of the Oconee River to the starting point That said new county the boundaries of which are described herein shall be called and known by the name of Wheeler and shall be attached to and become a part of the Twelfth Congressional District the Fifteenth State Senatorial District and the Oconee Judicial Circuit and the county site of the said new county shall be the town of Alamo That all legal voters residing in the limits as herein described of said proposed new county of Wheeler entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly under the laws of Georgia shall on the first Tuesday in January 1913 elect an Ordinary a Clerk of Superior Court a Sheriff a Coroner a Tax Collector a Tax Receiver a County Surveyor a County Treasurer and three Commissioners of Roads and Revenues for said county said election to be held at town of Aim an the county site of said new county That the Superior Courts of said county shall be held on the first Mondays in March and on the first Mondays in September of each year The limits of the said county the Congressional and Senatorial Districts and the Judicial Circuit to which it is attached and the time of holding the terms of the Superior Courts shall be as designated above until changed by law provided that the laws applicable to the organization of new counties as found in Section 829 to 848 inclusive of the Code of 1911 are hereby made applicable to said county of Wheeler whenever the same may be created by the proposed amendment to the Constitution and that said county when created shall become a statutory county and shall be at all times subject to all laws applicable to all other counties in this State See Acts 1912 Pages 41 43 Approved August 14 1912 INDEX to the CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA NoteReference in the Index are made to the Article Section and Paragraph of the provision referred to the original division of the instrument being strictly followed A A S P Absent members of Legislature attendance of compelled 3 4 4 Abuse under arrest or in prison prohibited 119 Of liberty of speech or press responsibility for 1 1 15 Academy incorporated exempt from taxation 7 2 2 Acceptors suits against where tried 6 16 5 Account of Treasurer to be published quarterly 3 7 11 Accusation copy to be furnished defendant on demand 11 5 Acts amending or repealing must describe the law affected 3 7 17 Local and private authority of 12 1 4 Must be signed by President of Senate and Speaker of House V 3 7 13 Requiring twothirds voteyeas and nays must be recorded 3 7 21 Adjournment of Legislature by less than a majority 344 Consent of both Houses required when 3 7 24 Houses failing to agree Governor may adjourn them 3 7 24 Resolutions of not submitted to Governor 5 1 l7 Ad valorem Tax on property shall be 7 2 1 Aged and infirm persons entitled to Homestead 9 1 1 Aid of State to any religious denomination prohibited 1 1 14 To any person or corporation by lending credit or taking stock prohibited 7 5 1 To any person or corporation by donation or gratuity prohibited 7 16 1 Aid of County or City to person or corporation prohibited 7 6 I Amendments to Appropriation and Revenue bills by Senate 3 7 l To Constitution 13 1 I 187 AmendmentsContinued a s P To statute or code form of amendment act 3 7 17 Animals special tax may be imposed on vicious ones 7 2 1 Appeal from one jury to another in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6 Prom Ordinary to Superior Court 6 6 1 From Justice of the Peace to Jury or Superior Court 6 7 2 Appellate Jurisdiction of the Superior Court 6 4 4 Appointment of Legislator to another office prohibited 3 4 7 By Governor to fill vacancies 5 1 14 Rejected by Senate effect of 5 1 15 Of State School Commissioner 8 2 1 Apportionment of Representatives how changed 3 3 2 Appropriation Acts authority of 12 1 3 Bills general and special 3 7 9 Bills must originate in House of Representatives 3 7 10 Bills yeas and nays must be recorded on 3 7 12 Bills may be approved in part 5 1 16 Necessary to authorize payment by Treasurer 3 7 11 For University of Georgia and College for colored pupils 8 6 1 Approval of Governor to Bills 5 1 16 Of Governor to Resolutions and Orders 5 1 17 Arms right of citizens to bearmanner of bearing 1 1 22 Army of the State Governor is Commander of 5 1 11 Arrest abuse under prohibited 1 1 9 Punishment for rescue from under order either House 3 7 2 Privilege of Elector from 2 3 1 Privilege of member Legislature from 3 7 3 Artificial limbs for Confederate soldiers 7 1 1 Assemble right of people to do so guaranteed 1 1 24 Associate Justice of Supreme Court 6 2 1 Atlanta City Court of errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5 Attainder bill of prohibited 1 3 2 Attendance of members of the Legislature compelled 3 4 4 Attendance of members of Legislature privileges during 8 7 3 Attorney right to defend or prosecute by 1 1 4 Right of Defendant in criminal cases to have 1 1 5 General election of 6 10 1 General dutifes 6 10 2 188 AttorneysContinued A s P General salary 6 13 1 General qualifications 6 14 1 Authority of Constitution treaties laws judgments etc 12 1 B Bail shall not be excessive 119 Ballot election by the people shall be by 2 1 1 Banishment beyond the State prohibited 1 1 7 Banks may be incorporated by the Legislature 3 7 18 Bequests may be received by the University of Georgia 8 6 1 Bills number of readings necessary before passage 3 7 7 Majority of all members in favor of necessary to passage 3 7 14 Bejected not again proposed without consent of twothirds 3 7 13 Appropriation and Revenue must originate in House 3 7 10 Appropriations general and special requisites of 3 7 9 Appropriations must be passed by yeas and nays 3 7 12 Revision of by Governor Yetohow overruled 5 1 16 See Local Bills also Acts Bond required of Secretary of Senate and Clerk of House 3 8 1 Required of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer 5 2 6 Required of Public Printer 7 17 1 Bonded debt not to be increased 7 12 1 Sale of States property to be applied to 7 13 1 Of county or city provisions for meeting 7 7 2 Bonds in cases involving an interested Judge cannot preside 6 2 3 Of State declared void not to be paid or submitted to suit 7 11 1 Of Western Atlantic Railroad paid by proceeds of Road 7 13 1 Boundaries of counties to remain as now till changed by law 11 1 1 Briery Conviction of disqualifies for office or voting 2 2 1 Bridges established by the Courts not Legislature 3 7 18 Bridges Ordinarys jurisdiction in matter of 6 6 2 Bridges taxation by county to keep up 7 6 2 Borrowing money by State laws for must specify purpose i 7 4 1 189 A S P Buildings publie exempt from taxation 7 2 2 Public tax by county to maintain 7 6 2 Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2 Burial places exempt from tax 7 2 2 0 Canal Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18 Capital location of ordinance concerning 12 1 8 Capital site for may be donated to the State7 6 1 Censure of members of Legislature for misconduct 3 7 1 Certiorari writs of may be issued by Judge Superior Court 4 5 Challenge of voter oath to be administered 2 12 Conviction of sending or accepting disqualifies for office 2 4 2 Charitable institutions public exempt from taxation 7 2 2 Public aid from county or city 7 6 1 Charter of Corporations amended on conditions 4 2 3 Chief Justice of Supreme Court presides in impeachment trialssee Supreme Court 354 Children legitimatized and names changed by the Courts 3 7 18 Church not to receive money from the State 1 1 14 Citizens of the State who are and right to protection 1 1 25 Of the State entitled to vote when 2 1 2 City aid by donation or taking stock prohibited 7 6 1 Consent before Street Railroad can be built in 3 7 20 Courts of the State need not be uniform 6 9 1 Court appeals and new trials in 6 4 6 Court errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5 Court Judge may serve in Supreme Court when 6 5 1 Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7 1 Debt bonded provisions for meeting 7 7 2 Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8 1 Debt to be incurred only by authority of City Government il Public schools may be maintained by tax 8 4 1 Civil authority superior to the military 1 1 19 Cases where tried 6 16 Cases judgment by Court without Jury when 6 4 7 Cases venue how changed Y 7 1 Jurisdiction of Superior Court 6 4 3 Jurisdiction of Justices Court 6 7 2 Clerical expenses of Treasurer Secretary of State and ComptrollerGeneral 190 Clerk of House of Kepresentatives Compensation and Bond of Clerks of the Governor Code sections not amended or repealed by reference to numbers Colleges exempt from taxation For colored pupils Colored pupils College for Colored and white public Schools to be separate Commissioner of Schools appointed and salary of Commissioners of county affairs authorized Commissioners of county affairs authorized Committee on Local and Special bills Common Law Courts may be clothed with equity jurisdiction Common School systemsee Education Commutation power in the Governor Tax for miltary services goes to Schools Companies incorporation of Volunteer military organization of Compensation for private ways and public use of property Of Clerk of House and Secretary of Senate Of Jurors how fixed Extra not be granted officers or contractors Competition arrangements by corporations to defeat void ComptrollerGeneral must license Life Insurance Companies Supervise deposits of Life Insurance Companies Officers of Executive Department Examination suspension and discharge of Election of Salary and Clerks hire Eligibility and Bond of Perquisites not allowed to Must report to Governor Confederate Soldiers pensions for Public debt not to be paid Conscience right of not to be controlled Liberty of does not excuse licentiousness A s F 3 8 1 5 1 191 3 7 17 7 2 2 8 6 1 8 6 1 8 1 1 8 2 1 6 19 1 11 3 1 3 7 5 6 5 2 8 1 1 5 1 12 8 3 1 3 7 18 10 1 2 1 3 1 3 8 1 6 18 7 16 2 4 2 4 3 12 2 3 12 3 5 1 1 5 1 18 5 2 1 5 2 4 5 2 6 5 2 7 7 15 1 7 1 1 7 11 1 1 1 12 1 1 13 191 A S P Consent of parties to vary general law in individual cases 1 4 1 City to building Street Railroads within its limits 3 7 20 Constitution of Georgia may be altered or abolished by the people 1 5 1 Authority of 12 1 2 Amendments of 13 1 1 Amendments by Convention 13 1 2 To be submitted to the people 13 2 1 And United Stateslaws in violation of void 1 4 2 Of United States authority of 12 1 1 Constitutional Convention provisions to call 13 1 2 Construction of Constitution not to deny rights not enumerated 1 5 5 Contempt limitation of Courts power to punish for 1 1 20 Either House of General Assembly may punish for 3 7 2 Contested Election for Governor 5 1 6 Contracts laws inpairing obligation of void 1 3 2 By Government releasing power to tax void 4 1 1 By Government heretofore made not impaired 4 2 6 Between corporations defeat competition void 4 2 4 Judgments on without verdict when 6 4 7 Jurisdiction of Justices Jourts in cases of 6 7 2 Contractor not to receive extra compensation from Government 7 16 2 Convention see Constitutional Convention and Ordinances Conviction costs not to be exacted of defendant until 1 110 Does not work corruption or forfeiture 1 2 3 Of certain offenses disfranchises 2 2 1 Impeachment vote necessary 3 5 4 Dueling disqualifies for office 2 4 2 Copartners suits against where tried 6 16 4 Coroners County Tax to pay 7 6 2 Corporate powers what may be granted by Legislature 3 7 18 Corporators not to damaged by revocation of charter 13 3 Corporations subject to police power and eminent domain 4 2 2 Legislation in favor of conditional 4 2 3 Acts of to defeat competition and monopolize void 4 2 4 Rights to tax not to be released 7 2 5 State not to take stock in aid or lend credit to 7 5 1 192 CorporationsContinued A s p County or City not to take stock in aid or lend credit to 7 6 1 Donations to from State prohibited 7 16 1 Authority of rights already accrued to 12 1 5 1 Municipal see City Costs not payable by defendant till conviction 1 1 10 In Supreme Court 6 21 1 County Commissioners may be created 1 Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7 l Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8 1 Debt bonded provisions for meeting 7 7 2 Not to aid or take stock in Corporation 7 6 1 Public Schools may be maintained by 8 4 1 Matters Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2 Officers election term qualification and removal 11 2 1 Officers and tribunals to be uniform in the State 11 3 1 Is a body corporate suits of and boundaries 11 1 1 New one not to be created 11 1 2 Lines and site how changed 11 1 34 Merger of 11 1 5 Special acts authority of 12 1 4 Corruption of blood not worked by conviction 12 3 Courts power to punish for contempt limited 1 1 20 Power in matters denied to Legislature 3 7 18 Of the State 6 1 1 Not mentioned in Constitution may be abolished 6 20 7 Of Common Law may be vested with equity jurisdiction 6 4 2 Of same grade throughout State must be uniform 6 9 1 Courts tax to pay expenses of 7 6 2 Jurisdiction against Homestead denied 9 2 1 Authority of judgments and decrees of 12 1 5 Existing judgments and decrees of ratified 12 1 6 See also Supreme Superior City and Justice Courts Credit of State not to be pledged to Corporations or persons 7 5 l Creditors law to be provided for reaching concealed property of debtor 12 6 Not to be damaged by revocation of Charter 1 3 3 193 Crime conviction in what cases disfranchises Lobbying declared to be Criminal cases Jury judges of law and fact Judge may grant new trial on conviction Jurisdiction of Superior Court Eights of defendant in Where tried Yenue when changed D Damages jurisdiction of Justices Courts in cases of Death of Governor vacancy how filled Officer vacancy how filled Debate liability of Legislators for words spoken in Debts Public taxation to pay Public new debt contracted to pay Power of State to contract restricted Of County taxation to pay Power of City or County to contract restricted To be incurred by City only on authority of City Government Of County or City not to be assumed by State Void and Confederate against State not to be paid Debtor Concealing Property provisions against May waive Homestead May waive Exemptions of the old Code Decrees of Court authority and ratification of Defaulters of public moneys disqualified for Legislature Defend or prosecute in person or by attorney right to Defense under oath not filed Court to render judgment when Of State debts may be contracted for Deficiency of Bevenue in State supplied by borrowing Of Revenue in City and County supplied by borrowing Deposit required of Insurance Companies Of public funds Treasurer to receive no profit from Disabilities may be removed by Governor Discrimination in Tariff by Railroad regulated Disorderly behavior in presence of Legislature punished Disqualification to hold office or vote Religious opinion is not To hold office in more than one department A S P 2 2 1 1 5 5 1 2 1 1 2 1 6 4 1 1 1 5 6 16 6 6 17 1 6 7 1 5 1 8 5 1 14 3 7 3 7 1 1 7 3 1 7 3 1 7 6 2 7 7 1 7 10 1 7 8 1 7 11 1 1 2 6 9 3 1 9 5 1 12 1 56 3 4 7 1 1 4 6 4 7 7 3 1 7 3 1 7 7 1 3 12 5 2 5 5 1 12 4 2 1 3 7 12 2 2 1 1 1 13 1 1 23 194 DisqualificationContinued a s P Of illegal holders of public money 2 4 1 Of Duelists 2 4 2 For Legislature and of legislator to other office 3 4 7 Resulting from impeachment 3 5 5 Of Judge of Supreme Court who presides 6 2 2 Judge of Superior Court who presides 6 4 9 Judge of Superior Court when there is a City Judge 6 5 1 Of interested Judge in bond cases 6 2 3 District Senatorial number composition and change of 3 21 23 Divorce exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1 First and second verdicts in cases of 6 U 12 Suits where tried 6 16 1 Domestic animals of vicious nature special tax on 7 2 1 Animals tax on goes to educational purposes 8 1 1 Donations by State prohibited 7 16 1 By State to University allowed 8 6 1 Drawer and Acceptor suits against where tried 8 16 5 Dueling conviction of disqualifies for office 2 4 E Education Common School System established 8 1 1 Commissioner of Public Schools 8 2 1 Confined to English in local public schools 7 6 2 Confined to English in State public schools 8 1 1 Poll Tax for purposes of f 7 2 3 Special Tax for purposes of 8 3 1 Taxation for purposes of by State 7 1 1 Taxation for purposes of by City or County 7 6 2 Appropriations for purposes of by City or County 7 6 1 Election by the people shall be by ballot 2 1 1 By the Legislature shall be viva voce 3 10 1 Days furnishing Liquor on prohibited 2 5 1 Privilege of Electors while attending 2 3 1 Precincts changed by Courts not Legislature 3 7 18 Returns where made 2 6 1 Of members General Assembly 3 4 2 Members General Assembly each house to judge of 3 7 1 President of the Senate 3 5 2 Speaker of the House of Representatives 3 6 2 Governor 5 1 3 Governor returns how made 5 1 4 195 ElectionContinued Returns opened and published Governor by General Assembly Contested Special To fill vacancies in General Assembly Of Secretary of State CompGen 1 and Treasurer Judges of Supreme Court Judges of Superior Court Judges Supreme Superior Courts and SolGenl Justices of the Peace AttorneyGeneral By City or County on creating a new Debt City or County on School question To change County Site Merge one County into another Election of County 0cers On amendments to Constitution Ratification of Constitution Electors who shall be so deemed Registration of may be provided for Privileges of while attending elections Embezzlement of public funds disfranchises Eminent Domain not to be abridged in favor of Corporations Encumbrances Homestead liable for removal of Endorsers suits against where tried Equal Rights not to be infringed by Corporations Equity Cases where tried Jurisdiction is in Superior Court Jurisdiction may be conferred on Common Law Courts Errors in Superior and City Courts corrected in Supreme Court Of inferior judicatories corrected by Certiorari Estate not forfieited by Conviction Excessive Bail and Fines forbidden Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments are distinct Department offeers of Department officers of report suspension and removal of Powers vested in Governor A S P 5 1 5 5 1 5 5 1 6 5 1 9 5 1 13 5 2 1 6 2 4 6 3 2 6 12 1 6 7 3 e 10 1 7 7 1 8 4 1 11 1 4 11 1 5 11 2 1 18 1 1 13 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 2 4 2 2 9 2 1 6 16 5 4 2 1 6 16 3 6 4 1 6 4 2 6 2 5 6 4 5 1 2 3 1 1 9 1 1 23 5 1 1 5 1 18 5 1 2 196 A S 1 Exemption from Taxation and void Exemption 7 22 4 5 From Levy and Sale 9 l l From Levy and Sale waiver of 9 3 1 From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act not re pealed 9 4 1 From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act waiver 9 5 1 Exhibitions special tax on goes to Public Schools 8 3 1 Expense of Clerks and Secretaries to Governor 5 1 18 Of Clerks of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer 5 22 34 Ex Post Facto Law not to be passed 1 3 2 Express Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7 18 Expulsion of Member of General Assembly for misconduct 3 7 1 Extra session of Legislature before November 1st 1878 3 4 3 Sessions of Legislature may be called by Governor 5 1 13 Compensation not to be allowed by Government 7 16 2 F Family each Head of entitled to Homestead 9 11 Fees not allowed officers of Executive Department 5 2 7 Not allowed AttorneyGeneral 6 13 1 Felony exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1 Females persons having care of entitled to Homestead 9 3 1 Ferries established by Courts not Legislature 3 7 18 Ordinarys jurisdiction concerning 6 6 2 Fines imposed must not be excessive 1 1 9 Imposed on member of Legislature for misconduct 3 7 1 Fire Insurance Companies deposit required of 3 12 4 Foreign Power Governor to receive no Emolument from 5 1 2 Forfeiture of Estate not brought about by conviction 1 2 3 Of Recognizance relieved against when 3 7 19 Of Charter remitted only on conditions 4 2 3 Fraud Legislature may provide Punishment for 1 2 6 Judgments attacked for 12 1 5 Free Schoolssee Education 8 1 1 Freight on Railroads subject to regulation by law 4 2 1 Rebate not allowed nor deceit as to amount charged 4 2 5 Furniture Waiver of Exemption not good against all 9 3 1 Funds of county Ordinarys jurisdiction 66 2 Of Public officers not to profit from use of 7 9 1 Sinking provided for 7 14 1 197 G GENERAL ASSEMBLY A S P Consisting of Senate and House is the Legislative 9 1 1 poiwer A A Members of elected for two years 3 4 1 Election when held 3 4 2 Election returns where made 2 6 1 Attendance of required 3 4 4 Oath of 3 4 Who are disqualified to be 3 4 7 Disqualified for certain other offices 3 4 7 Not to profit from use of public funds 7 9 1 Not to be interested in public printing 7 17 1 Seats of vacated by removal 3 4 8 Punished for misconduct in each House 3 7 1 Privileges of 3 Per diem and mileage of 3 4 Majority of all necessary to passage of bill 3 7 14 Officers of who are 3 3 4 Quorum of to transact business 3 4 Adjournment by less than a quorum 3 4 4 Adjournment for more than three days etc 3 37 24 Elections by shall be viva voce 3 10 1 Of Judges of Supreme Court by 1st election 6 2 4 Of Judges of Superior Court by 1st election 6 3 2 Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral 6 42 1 Of Governor by when 4 Of Governor contested determined by 5 1 6 May pardon commute or reprieve for treason 5 1 12 May direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 1 Sessions of are annual 3 4 3 Of limited to 50 days 3 4 6 Of extra may be called by Governor 5 1 13 Of joint held in Representative Hall 3 10 1 Each House of may compel attendance of members 3 4 4 Is judge of elec n and qualificat n of its members 3 7 1 May punish for misconduct 1 3 EH T a 7 4 Must keep a Journal Has general power of legislation 3 7 22 HAS POWER BY LAW TO Provide punishment for fraud 4 2 y For registration of voters 2 2 198 General AssemblyContinued A s P For removal Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer 5 1 18 For appeals in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6 For appointments of Judge pro hav vice 6 4 9 Commissioners for county affairs 6 19 1 For organizing the Militia 10 1 1 Prescribe manner of bearing arms 1 1 22 Number of Jurors in Inferior Courts 6 18 1 Who shall vote on School questions 8 4 1 Change Senatorial Districts when 3 2 3 Apportionment of Representatives 3 3 2 Governors Salary by twothirds vote 5 1 2 Salaries of Judges Attorneys and SolicitorsGen eral 6 13 2 Substitute another officer for School Commissioner 8 2 1 Establish Courts 6 1 1 Abolish Courts not named in Constitution 6 20 2 Confer Equity jurisdiction on Common Law Courts 6 4 2 Authorize formation of Volunteer Companies 10 1 2 Require Fire Insurance Companies to make deposit 3 12 4 Subject corporate property to public use when 4 2 1 Sell States property 7 13 1 Make donations to University of Georgia 8 6 1 Make donations to College for colored people 8 6 1 Amend Constitution in manner provided 13 1 1 Call Constitutional Convention as provided 13 1 2 SHALL BY LAW Limit power of Courts to punish for Contempt 1 1 20 Protect citizens in their right 1 1 25 Provide penalty against Lottery Agents 1 2 4 Provide penalty against Lobbying 7 12 5 Prohibit furnishing Liquor on election days 3 5 1 Provide penalty against Treasurer receiving unlawful fee 5 2 5 Provide for reaching concealed property of Debtor 12 6 Compel Insurance Companies to report to Governor 3 12 5 Regulate Freight and Passenger Tariff 4 2 1 Enforce provisions against monopolies etc 4 2 7 Establish uniformity in local tribunals 6 9 1 Provide for selection and compensation of jurors 6 18 23 A sinking fund 7 14 1 199 General AssemblyContinued A s For letting Public Printing to highest bidder 7 17 Setting apart and valuation of Homestead 9 4 For appeals in Superior and City Courts 6 4 SHALL NOT PASS ANY LAW To restrain or curtail liberty of speech or press 1 1 Respecting social status of citizens 1 1 Of Attainder ex post facto imparting contracts 1 3 Making irrevocable grants of special privileges 1 3 To revoke grants to injury of creditors of corporators 1 3 Of special nature when general law provides 1 4 Varying general law affecting private rights without consent 1 4 In violation of Constitution of Georgia or the United States 1 4 Referring to more than one matter or different form title 3 7 Incorporating companies except for class named 3 7 Relieving against recognizances except as stated 3 7 Authorizing Street Railroad in city without citys consent 3 7 For benefit of particular corporations except on conditions 4 2 Authorizing one corporation to buy stock in another County or City to aid persons or corporations 7 6 Payment of void bonds or Confederate debts 7 11 Granting donation or gratuity to persons or corporations 7 16 Extra compensation to officer or contractors 7 16 See Tax God may be worshipped according to dictates of conscience 1 1 Governor an officer of the Executive Department 5 1 Executive powers vested in 5 1 Salary term and limitations of terms of office 5 1 Election installation and terms of election of 5 1 Of by the Legislature when X 5 1 Qualification and oath of 5 17 Death resignation or disability of 5 1 Secretary and Clerks of 5 1 Is Commander of the Army and Conservator of the Peace 5 111 p 1 1 6 15 18 2 2 3 1 1 2 8 18 19 20 3 1 1 1 2 12 1 2 2 14 5 10 8 19 12 200 General AssemblyContinued A s P May adjourn the Legislature when 3 7 24 Call Extra Session of the Legislature 5 1 13 Direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 1 Pardon reprieve commute and remit penalties 51 12 Remove disabilities 5 1 12 With the Treasurer loan the Sinking Fund 7 14 1 Require services of AttorneyGeneral 6 10 2 Shall order elections to fill vacancies in Legislature 5 1 13 Pill vacancies in other offices 5 1 14 Offices of Judges and SolieitorsGeneral 6 12 1 Appoint State School Commissioner 8 2 1 Judge to preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2 Commission Notaries Public exOfficio Justices of Peace 6 8 1 Examine and Publish Report of Comptroller and Treasurer 7 15 1 Proclaim result of Election on Constitution 13 2 2 Cannot appoint member of Legislature to office 3 4 7 A person rejected by Senate when 5 1 15 Has revision of bills and resolutions of Legislature 5 1 17 Supervision over Executive officers 5 1 18 Government originates with people duty of 1 1 12 Exclusive right of the people to regulate 1 5 1 Legislative Executive and Judicial Departments district 1 1 23 Support of by taxation 7 1 1 Grants limiting power to tax void 4 11 Irrecovable of special privileges void 1 3 2 Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 1 3 3 Great Seal of the State use and device of 5 3 1 Guardian of minors entitled to Homestead 9 1 1 H Habeas Corpus Writ shall not be suspended 1 1 11 Head of family entitled to Homestead 9 1 1 Homestead and Exemption to whom allowed and amount of 9 1 1 Not subject to levy and sale 9 2 1 Waiver and sale of 9 3 1 Setting apart of to be provided tor 9 4 1 Supplemental 9 6 1 Already allowed good against old debt 9 7 1 201 Homestead and ExemptionContinued A S P Ordinance effect of 12 1 8 Of 1868 sales of confirmed 9 8 1 Of 1868 sales and reinvestments of 9 9 1 Under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4 1 Under Debtors Act Waiver of 9 5 1 House secure from search except as provided 1 1 16 Soldiers not to be quartered in except as provided 1 1 19 Of Representativessee Representatives Household furniture waiver of exemption on 9 3 1 Husbands debts wifes property not liable for 3 11 1 I Idiots disqualified to vote or hold office 221 Immunities special not to be irrevocably granted 1 3 2 Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 1 3 3 Impeachment power in House of Representatives 3 6 3 Power to tryin the Senate 3 5 3 Chief Justice to preside at trial of 3 5 4 Vote necessary to convict 3 5 4 Effect of conviction 3 5 5 Governor cannot pardon in ease of 5 1 12 Imprisonment abuse under forbidden 1 1 9 For debt prohibited 1 1 21 For misbehavior in presence of Legislature 3 7 12 Improvement on Homestead is part of 9 2 1 Indictment copy to be furnished defendant on demand 11 5 inferior Judicatories errors of corrected by Certiorari 6 4 5 Infirm persons entitled to Homestead 9 1 1 Inherent rights not enumerated and not denied 1 5 2 Insane persons not entitled to vote or hold office 2 2 1 Inspection by Governor of Executive Officers 5 1 18 Installation of Governor 5 1 3 Insurance Department expense of 5 2 4 Companies to make reports to Governor 3 12 5 Chartered by Legislature 3 7 18 Fire deposit made with Treasury 3 12 4 Foreign and Home Life deposits required 3 12 13 Foreign Life ComptrollerGeneral to license 3 12 2 Interest on Public Debt taxation authorized to pay 7 1 1 Intoxicating drinks not to be furnished on election days 2 5 1 202 A S P Insurrection and invasion in time of Bills may pass summarily 3 7 7 Tax to suppress 7 1 1 Bonded debt incurred to suppress 7 12 1 Debts contracted to suppress 7 3 1 Contracted by city or county to suppress assumed by State 7 8 1 Invasion see Insurrection Investment of funds raised by sale of homestead 9 3 1 Irrevocable grants of special privileges void 1 3 2 J Jeopardy more than once for same offense prohibited 118 Joint obligors suit against where tried 6 16 4 Owner in property State shall not become 7 5 1 Journal each House of the General Assembly shall keep 3 7 4 Original preserved in the office of Secretary of State 3 7 5 Yeas and nays to be recorded in at request of one fifth 3 7 6 Yeas and nays to be recorded in when twothirds vote is required 3 7 21 Must show majority of all members voted for bills passed 3 7 14 Must contain proposed amendments to Constitution 13 1 1 Of House must contain vote of elections by Legislature 3 10 1 Judge disqualified to preside in bond cases if interested in the bonds 6 2 3 Pro hac vice Legislature may authorize 6 4 9 May grant new trials in cases of conviction 1 2 1 See Supreme Superior and City Courts Judicial Legislative and Executive Departments distinct 1 1 23 Powers of the State where vested 6 1 1 Judiciary to declare unconstitutional acts void 1 4 Judgment of Impeachment extent of 3 5 5 Of Supreme Court may be withheld one term 6 2 7 Without verdict of Jury when 6 4 7 Of Courts authority of 12 1 5 Heretofore rendered ratified 12 1 6 Jurisdiction of Supreme Court 6 2 5 Of Superior Court 6 4 1 Of Superior Court Appellate 6 4 4 203 J urisdictionContinued Of Ordinary Of Ordinary County matters Of Justices of the Peace Against Homestead denied Jury right of trial Dy an impartial Eight of trial by Guaranteed Judges of law and fact in criminal cases Appeal from one to another in Superior and City Courts From Justice of the Peace to Grand to recommend Commissioned Notary for appointment Grand and Traverse selection and qualification of Compensation of how fixed Tax by county to pay Justice of the Peace may be member of Legislature Part of Judiciary Election Commission and removal of Term of Jurisdiction Sessions and Appeals Ex Officio I K Kitchen furniture waiver of exemption of L Labor done on Homestead Homestead is liable for Land cases involving title to brought in Superior Court Cases involving title to tried at what place Homestead and Exemption on Larceny conviction of disfranchises Law due process of required to affect rights of persons Laws of general nature must have uniform operation Of general nature affecting private rights how varied Unconstitutional are void For more than one matter or different from title void Majority vote of all members necessary to pass For tax shall be general Not repealed or amended by reference to title alone For borrowing money must be specific A s p fi 6 1 6 6 2 6 7 2 9 2 1 1 1 5 6 18 1 1 2 1 6 4 6 6 7 2 6 8 1 6 18 2 6 18 3 7 6 2 3 4 7 6 1 1 6 7 3 6 7 1 6 7 2 6 8 1 9 3 1 9 2 1 6 4 1 6 16 2 9 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 1 4 1 1 4 2 3 7 8 3 7 14 7 2 1 3 7 17 7 4 1 204 LawsContinued A s P To change County lines must be a general law 11 1 3 Of general operation 12 Of United States authority of 12 1 1 Of Georgia authority of 12 1 3 Local and special authority of 12 1 4 See Local also General Assembly Learning Seminaries of exempt from taxation 7 2 2 Legislative power is in the General Assembly 3 1 1 Executive and Judicial Departments distinct 1 1 23 LegislatureSee General Assembly Legitimate Children power in Courts 3 7 18 Levy and Sale exemptions from 9 1 1 Libels in prosecutions for truth may be given in evidence Liberty person to be deprived of only by due process of law 4 4 3 Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 1 1 Of Conscience not to be controlled 1 1 42 Of speech or press not to be curtailed 11 15 Libraries Public may be exempt from taxation 7 2 2 Licentiousness not excused on account of liberty of Con 1 1 13 science Life person not to be deprived of but by due process of law 1 1 3 Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 1 18 Crimes involving jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1 See Insurance Lines of County to be changed under operation of general law j 11 13 Liquor special tax on for Educational purposes 8 3 1 Not to be furnished on Election days 2 5 1 List of witnesses to be furnished defendant on demand 115 Litigation tax by County to pay expenses of 7 6 2 Literary Associations may be exempt from taxation 7 2 2 Loans to State for casual deficiehcies of revenue 7 3 1 County or City for canal deficiencies of revenue 7 7 1 Of sinking Fund by Governor and Treasurer 7 14 1 Lobbying is a crime Legislature must provide a penalty 12 5 Publication of before passed 3 7 16 Acts authority of 4 4 School Systems existing not affected hereby 8 5 1 Lottery Tickets sale of prohibited 1 2 4 205 M A S P Macon and Brunswick Railroad if sold proceeds where applied 7 13 1 Majority of each branch of Legislature constitute quorum 344 Of all members of each House necessary to pass bill 3 7 14 Malfeasance in office disfranchises 221 Malpractice in office by Justice of the Peace removal for 6 7a Mandamus issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4 5 Marriage does not divest wife of her property 3 11 Material furnished Homestead it is liable for 9 2 1 Matter different from title not to be contained in bill 3 7 8 Members of General Assemblysee General Assembly Merger of counties 11 1 5 Message of Governor 5 1 13 Mileage of the members of the General Assembly 3 9 1 Military authority subordinate to Civil 1 1 19 Commission except in Militia disqualifies for Legislature 3 4 7 Service commutation for goes to Public Schools 831 Companies Volunteer organizations 10 1 2 Companies Volunteer paid only when called by State 10 1 3 Militia officers may be members of Legislature 3 4 7 Governor is commanderinchief of 5 1 11 District one Justice of the Peace for each 6 7 1 District one commissioned Notary for each 6 8 1 Organization of may be provided for 10 1 1 Paid only when called out by State 10 1 3 Minors family of entitled to Homestead 9 1 1 Ministerial officer not to levy on Homestead 9 2 1 Misconduct of member of Legislature how punished 3 7 1 Mistrial in criminal cases authorizes a second trial 1 1 8 Money not to be donated by State to any church etc 1 1 14 Illegal holders of public disqualified for office 2 4 1 Public defaulters of disqualified for Legislature 347 Authority and manner of drawing from Treasury 3 7 JI Borrowed by State laws for and use of 7 4 I Monopoly provisions against 4 2 4 Municipal Corporationsee City 206 N A S P Names of children changed by Courts 3 7 18 Navigation Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7 18 Navy of State Governor is Commander of 5 1 11 New trial in criminal cases authorizes second trial 118 In criminal cases may be granted on conviction 1 2 1 May be granted by Superior and City Court 6 4 6 Counties not to be formed 11 1 2 Notaries Public commissioned part of Judiciary 6 1 1 Appointment commission and powers 6 8 1 Novation of charter what shall so operate 4 2 3 O Oath of voter if challenged 2 1 2 Of member of General Assembly 3 4 5 Of Governor 5 1 10 To pleas 6 4 7 Obligation of contracts not to be impaired by law 1 3 2 Of contracts heretofore made by State binding 4 2 6 Office illegal holders of public money ineligible for 2 4 1 Who may not hold 2 2 1 Impeachment removes from and disqualifies for 3 5 5 Profiting from use of public money disqualifies for 7 9 1 Conviction of Dueling disqualifies for 2 4 2 Religious opinion does not disqualify for 1 1 13 In gift of Governor or Legislature legislator disqualified for 3 4 7 Malfeasance in disfranchises 2 2 1 Officers are trustees of the people and amendable to them 1 1 1 Of one department disqualified to act in another 1 1 23 Returns of election of where made 2 6 1 Of State or the United States disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7 Of Militia or Justice of the Peace may be legislator 3 4 7 Of General Assembly who are 5 1 1 Of Executive Department who are 3 8 1 Of Executive Department report suspension and removal of 5 1 18 Profiting from use of public fund punishable 7 9 1 Extra compensation to after service prohibited 7 16 2 Not to be interested in Public Printing 7 17 1 Not to levy on Homestead 9 2 1 207 OfficersContinued A s p Of County election removal and disqualification of 11 2 1 Of County to be uniform except Commissioners 11 3 1 Now existing to continue till successor qualified 12 1 7 Order passed by Legislature must have Governors approval 5 x 17 Ordinances rejected not to be again proposed unless by twothirds vote 3 7 13 Must have but one subjectmatter and same as title 3 7 8 Of the Convention authority of 12 1 3 Of the Convention to have effect of laws 12 1 8 See Ordinances in Appendix Ordinary Courts of parts of Judiciary 6 1 1 Courts of jurisdiction of 6 6 1 Term of office g 6 3 Origin of Government is with the people 1 1 1 P Papers secure from search and seizure except as proved 1 1 16 Pardon removes political disabilities of convict 2 2 1 Of Duelists removes political disabilities of convict 2 4 2 Power in Governor must report to the Legislature 5 1 12 Passage of bills readings necessary 3 7 7 Of Bills majority of all members necessary 3 7 14 Passepger Tariffrestriction on 4 2 15 Paupers jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2 Affidavit relieves from costs in Supreme Court 6 Tax for support of 7 6 Paysee Compensation Salary Peace soldiers not to be quartered in houses in time of 1 1 19 Governor is conservator of 5 1 12 Penitentiary crimes punishable in to be tried in Superior Court 6 4 1 Per diem of members of the Legislature 3 9 1 Perquisites not allowed officers Executive Department 5 2 7 Not allowed AttorneyGeneral 6 13 1 From use of public funds by officers punishable 791 Persons and property to bo protected by Government 112 Not to be molested for religious opinions 1 1 13 Bights not to be affected but by due process of law 113 May prosecute or defend in person or by attorney 114 208 PersonsContinued A S Charged with offenses rights of 1 1 Life or liberty not to be jeopardized but once for same crime 1 1 Houses and papers secure from illegal search 1 1 Personalty amount of exemption of from levy and sale 9 1 Petitions and remonstrance right of guaranteed 1 1 Pleas under oath in certain cases required 6 4 Police of the State right of people to regulate 1 5 Power not abridged in favor of corporations 4 2 Policyholders in life Insurance Companies protected 3 12 Poll tax not to exceed one dollar 7 2 Goes to educational purposes 8 3 Practice in courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 Precincts for elections how changed 3 7 President of Senate elected by Senate viva voce 3 5 Must sign acts 3 7 Per diem 3 9 Presides in joint session 3 10 Acts as Governor when 5 1 Press liberty of not to be curtailed 1 1 Printing public to be let to lowest bidder 7 17 Prisoners not to be abused 1 1 Tax for support of by counties 7 6 Private ways to be allowed only compensation paid 1 3 Acts authority of 12 1 Rights accrued by law authority of 12 1 Privileges special not to be irrevocably granted 1 3 Special not be revoked so as to do injustice 1 3 Probate jurisdiction in Ordinary 6 6 Proceedings of Legislature to be kept in journals 3 7 Of courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 Process of law necessary to affect persons in their rights 1 1 Proclamation of Governor calling extra session 5 1 Of Governor on ratification of Constitution 13 2 Prohibition writs of issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4 Prolongation of Legislative session by twothirds vote 3 4 Resolutions not submitted to Governor 3 7 Promissory notes suits on where tried 6 16 Property of persons not to be molested for religious opinions 1 1 Protection to shall be impartial and complete 1 1 Not taken for public use without compensation 1 3 r 5 8 16 1 24 7 2 13 a i i n 8 la a l i 18 5 9 2 1 4 T 2 a i i l a ia 9 5 6 2J 5 13 2 JL 209 Property Continued A s p Concealed by debtor to be reached by law 12 6 Of wife not subject to husbands debts 3 11 1 List of exempt from tax 7 2 2 Amount of exempt from levy and sale 9 11 Protection to person and property paramount duty of Government 4 2 Prosecution rights of defendants in cases of 1 1 5 Provision waiver of exemption of restricted 9 3 1 Public Funds embezzlement of disfranchises 2 2 1 Officer not to receive profit from use of 7 9 1 Treasurer not to receive profit from use of 5 2 5 See Money Public use of private property without compensation prohibited 1 3 1 Buildings jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2 Buildings tax by county for authorized 7 6 2 Debt and institutions tax for 7 1 1 Property charitable institutions and libraries exempt from tax 7 2 2 Printing let to lowest bidder 7 17 1 Printing offices of Government not to be interested in 7 17 1 School systemsee Education 8 1 1 Publication of ones sentiments right of not to be curtailed 1 1 ig Journal of General Assembly 3 7 4 Receipts and disbursements of Treasury 3 7 H Intention to introduce Local Bills3 7 15 Reports of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 7 15 Proposed amendment to Constitution 13 1 1 Punishment of crime by whipping or banishment prohibited 1 1 For contempt by Courts limited 1 1 20 Nok to be cruel or unusual 1 1 9 Purchase of State Bonds with sinking fund 7 14 1 Money homestead liable for 9 2 1 Purchaser of old Homestead how affected 9 8 1 Q Qualification for Governor 5 1 7 For Senator 2 5 1 210 QualificationContinued For Representative Each House to judge of as to its own members Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Solicitor and AttorneyGeneral County officers Quarantine tax by county for expenses of Quorum of each branch of Legislature is a majority Of Supreme Court E Eailroad may be incorporated by Legislature Freights and Tariff subject to legislation May build branch roads free from conditions of Shall not deceive public as to rates See 1 Corporations Bailway Street not to run in City without its consent Bates of freight and passage subject to legislation Public not to be deceived as to amount charged Bealty Homestead of Bebate of rates charged by Bailroad not allowed Becognizance when Legislature may relieve from forfeiture of Eeelection Governor not eligible for four years after two terms Begistration of Electors may be required by law Rejection of nomination by Senate effect of Of bill by Legislature effect of Beligious opinion civil and political rights not affected fey Denominations not to receive money from State Worship places of may be exempt from tax Eemittance of sentence in power of Governor Of forfeited Charter only on conditions Bemonstrance and petition right of guaranteed Bemoval of legislator from district vacates his seat Of disabilities in power of Governor Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer Of Justice of the Peace for malpractice Of County Officers From office effect of impeachment Bepeating law form of A s i 3 6 1 3 7 1 5 2 6 6 14 1 11 2 1 7 6 2 3 4 4 6 2 1 3 7 18 4 2 1 4 2 3 4 2 5 3 7 20 4 2 1 4 2 5 9 1 1 4 2 5 3 7 19 5 1 2 2 2 1 5 1 15 3 7 13 1 1 13 1 1 14 7 2 2 5 1 12 4 2 3 1 1 24 3 4 8 5 1 12 5 1 18 7 3 11 2 1 3 5 5 3 7 17 211 A S P Reports of Insurance Companies to the Governor 3 12 5 Of Treasurer and Comptroller to the Governor 7 15 1 Representatives election and term of 3 4 12 Qualification of 3 6 1 House of part of General Assembly 3 1 1 Number and Apportionment of members of 3 3 1 Apportionment how changed 3 3 2 Representatives House of Speaker of how elected 3 6 2 Clerk of compensation and bond of 3 8 1 Impeaching power vested in 3 6 3 Local and Special bills must originate in 3 7 15 Appropriation and Revenue bills must originate in 3 7 10 Journal ofsee Journal Representation of Constitutional Convention apportionment of 13 1 2 Reprieve in power of Governor 5 1 12 Residence requisite to vote 2 1 2 Resignation of Governor who acts in case of 5 1 8 Resolutions of appropriation must be passed by yeas and nays 3 7 12 Requiring Governors approval 5 1 17 Requiring a twothirds vote yeas and nays must be recorded 3 7 21 Having effect of law result of rejection 3 7 13 Retroactive legislation prohibited 1 3 2 Returns of election of Legislators each House to judge for itself 3 7 1 To whom made 2 6 1 Of Governor how made 5 14 Of Governor how published 5 1 5 Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 1 On Ratification of Constitution 13 2 2 Revenue bills must originate in House of Representatives 3 7 10 Deficiencies of in State supplied by loans 7 3 1 Deficiencies of in County or City 7 7 1 And roads County Commissioners for 11 3 1 Rights not enumerated are not denied 1 5 1 Roads jurisdiction in Ordinary 6 6 1 Tax for keeping up by County 7 6 2 And revenue County Commissioners for 11 3 1 212 s A S P Sailor in U S Service not entitled to vote because not stationed here 2 1 2 Salary of Governor 5 1 2 Of Treasurer Secretary of State and Comptroller 5 22 34 Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and SolicitorsGeneral 6 13 1 Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts how changed 6 13 2 Of State School Commissioner 8 2 1 Sale of States property proceeds to go to public debts 7 13 1 Exemption from 9 1 1 Of Homesteads how affected 9 3 1 Of old Homestead heretofore made ratified 9 8 1 Of old Homestead heretofore made artified9 8 1 Savannah errors of City Court of corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5 Scire Facias writ of issued by Judge Superior Court 6 4 5 Schools Public how established by city or county 8 4 1 Public existing local system not affected 8 5 1 Not public may share school fund when 8 5 1 See Education Seal Great use and design of 5 8 1 Search of persons houses and papers warrant for 1 115 Seconds in Duel on conviction disqualified for o ce 2 4 2 Secretary of State returns of election to be made to 2 1 9 Officer of Executive Department 5 1 1 Election of 5 2 1 Salary and Clerk hire of 5 2 3 Eligibility and Bond of 5 2 6 Perquisites to forbidden 5 2 7 Is keeper of Great Seal 5 3 1 Senate compensation and bond of 3 8 1 Governor compensation of 5 1 191 Securities on forfeited recognizances when relieved 3 7 19 Seizure of persons and papers provisions against 1 1 16 Seminaries of learning may be exempt from tax 7 2 2 Senate is a branch of General Assembly 3 1 1 Consists of 44 members 3 2 1 May propose amendments to appropriation and revenue bills 3 7 10 Impeachments to be tried before 3 5 3 213 A S P Senate nomination rejected by effect of 5 1 15 President and Secretary ofSee President and Secretary Senatorial Districts number composition and change of 3 2 123 Senators number not to be increased 323 Election and term of 3 4 12 Qualification of 3 5 1 Sentence commuted or remitted by Governor 5 1 12 Servitude involuntary except as punishment for crime prohibited 1 1 17 Sessions of General AssemblySee General Assembly Of Supreme Court 6 2 5 Of Superior Court 6 4 8 Of Justices Court 6 7 2 Setting aside Homestead laws to be provided for 9 4 1 Shares in one corporation not enough to be bought by another to monopolize 4 2 4 Shows special tax on goes to educational purposes 8 3 1 Sinking fund provided for 7 14 1 Site of county how changed H 1 4 Slavery forbidden 1 1 17 Social status of citizens not subject of legislation 1 1 18 Soldiers not to be quartered in private houses except when 1 1 19 Of TJ S not to vote on account of being stationed here 2 1 2 Artificial limbs for maimed Confederates 7 1 1 SolicitorsGeneral term of office and duties of 6 11 12 Election by the Legislature 6 12 1 Salary of 6 13 1 Qualification of 6 14 1 Speaker of House of Representatives how elected 3 6 2 Must sign Acts 3 7 13 Per diem of 3 9 1 Acts as Governor when 5 1 8 Special law not to be enacted when provision is made by general law 1 4 1 Changing general law in particular cases how passed 1 4 1 For benefit of corporation conditional 4 2 3 Election of Governor 5 1 9 See Local 214 A S P Speech Liberty of not to be curtailed 1 1 l State aid to corporatibns or persons in any manner prohibited 7 5 1 State aid by donation prohibited 7 16 1 To religious donation prohibited 1 1 14 Printer office abolished 7 17 1 State School Commissioner election and term 8 2 1 Statement of Treasurer to be published 3 7 11 Stockholder in corporation State county or city not to be 7 56 1 Street railroad not to run in city without consent of authorities 3 7 21 Suits may be broughtby or against counties 11 1 V Against State to test void or Confederate bonds prohibited 7 11 1 See 11 Venue Superior Court is part of Judiciary 6 1 1 Jurisdiction of exclusive 6 4 1 Jurisdiction of general and appellate 6 4 34 Jurisdiction of to issue extra writs6 4 5 Appeal and new trials in 6 4 6 Appeal from Ordinary to 3 1 Appeal from Justices to 6 7 Sessions of Superior CourtContinued Judge one for each circuit and term of 6 3 1 Election of 6 12 1 Salary and qualification of 6 1314 1 May change venue when 5 17 1 May preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2 May preside in City Court when 6 5 1 Appoints Notary Public exofficio Justice of the Peace Sanctions sale of Homesteads 9 38 1 Supplemental Homestead laws to be provided for 9 5 1 Supreme Court part of Judiciary 6 1 1 Constitution of 3 Jurisdiction sessions and practice 6 25 67 Cost in and paupers affidavit i 6 21 1 Judges election and term 6 2 4 Judges election and vacancies how filled 6 12 1 Salary and qualification of 6 1314 1 When disqualified in particular case 6 2 2 215 Suspension from office of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer A S 5 1 18 T Tax to be paid before voting Defaulters ineligible to Legislature By County Ordinarys jurisdiction By county or city to meet bonded indebtedness By county or city for school purposes By county limited to certain purposes May be imposed by Legislature for what purpose Muse be uniform ad valorem and by general law On domestic animals of vicious nature Exemptions from other exemptions void Poll for educational purposes Special for educational purposes States power to impose not to be restrained Of corporations not to be surrendered To raise a Sinking Fund Lien good against Homestead Act authority of Act must originate in the House Telegraph Companies may be incorporated by Legislature Terms of office of Governor Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer Judge of Supreme Court Judge of Superior Court Justice of the Peace Ordinary Attorney and SolicitorGeneral State School Commissioner County Officers Members of General Assembly Testimony criminating himself witness not obliged to give Title law must not contain matter different from To land cases involving where brought To land cases involving jurisdiction in Superior Court Treason what is and howconvicted of Conviction of disfranchises Pardon respite or commutation for 2 1 2 3 4 7 6 6 2 7 7 2 8 4 1 7 6 2 7 1 1 7 2 1 7 2 1 7 2 24 7 2 3 8 3 1 4 1 1 7 2 5 7 14 1 9 2 1 12 1 3 3 7 10 3 7 18 5 1 2 5 2 1 6 2 4 6 3 13 6 7 1 6 6 3 6 1011 1 8 2 1 11 2 1 3 4 1 1 1 6 3 7 8 6 16 2 6 4 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 5 1 12 216 A S I Treasurer election and term of office 5 2 1 Examination by Governor 5 1 18 Officer of Executive Department 5 1 1 Removal of 5 1 18 Salary and Clerks hire of 5 2 2 Perquisites not allowed 5 2 7 Pee other than salary not allowed to 5 2 5 Bond and qualification of 5 2 6 To receive deposits from Fire Insurance Companies 3 12 4 To make quarterly reports to Governor 7 15 1 And Governor authorized to loan Sinking Fund 7 14 1 Draw money from Treasury in what manner 3 7 11 Treaty force and authority of 12 1 1 Trial a speedy and impartial one is the right of defendant 1 1 5 By jury remains inviolate 6 18 1 Tribunals in the various counties to be uniform 11 3 1 Trustees of the people public officers are 1 1 1 The University of Georgia may accept donations etc 8 6 1 Families of minor children entitled to Homestead 9 11 U TTnexpired term of Governor special elections 5 1 9 Judges of Supreme Court fi 2 4 Unexpired termContinued Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and SolieitorsGeneral 6 12 1 Uniformity required in operation of general laws 1 4 1 In county officers and tribunals 11 3 1 In courts of same grade 6 9 1 In taxation 7 2 1 University of Georgia appropriation to 8 6 1 United States Constitution acts in violation of void 14 2 Treaties and laws authority of 12 1 1 Soldiers not entitled to vote for being stationed here 2 1 2 Y Waeancy in office of Governor 5 1 8 Judge of Supreme Court C 6 2 4 Judge f Superior Court 6 3 2 217 Y acancyContinued A S P Judge Supreme and Superior Courts and Solicitor General 6 12 1 Members General Assembly 5 1 13 Governor may fill when not otherwise provided 5 1 14 Validity of bonds not to be tried by Judge who is interested 6 2 3 Declared void by Constitution not subject to suit 7 11 1 Valuation of Homestead laws to be provided for 9 4 1 Venue in cases of divorce 6 16 1 Of land titles 6 16 2 Of Equity 6 16 3 Against joint obligors acceptors indorsers etc 6 16 45 Civil and criminal generally 6 16 6 Civil and criminal changed how 6 17 1 Verdicts judgments without when 6 4 7 First and second in divorce cases 6 15 1 Veto of Governor overruled by twothirds vote 6 7 23 Viva voce voting by General Assembly 3 10 1 Void bonds of State not to be paid 7 11 1 Volunteer companies organization of 10 1 2 Not paid unless called out by State 10 1 3 Vote by the people shall be by ballot 2 11 Who is entitled toOath of voter 2 1 2 Who is not entitled to 2 2 1 By General Assembly to be viva voce 3 10 1 Of twothirds being required yeas and nays must be recorded 3 7 21 Of twothirds being required does not do away with Governors approval 3 7 23 Of twothirds overrides Governors veto 3 7 23 Of General Assembly having effect of law submitted to Governor 5 1 17 Of General Assembly in elections must appear in House Journal 3 10 1 W Waiver of Homestead 8 3 1 Of old exemption 9 5 1 War bonded debt may be increased for purposes of 7 12 1 Debt of county or city for may be assumed by State 7 8 1 Debt may be contracted to defend State in time 218 WarContinued A s P of 7 3 1 Quartering soldiers in house in time of 1 1 39 Tax to defend State in time of 7 1 Warrant for search how obtained 1 3 16 Ways private may be granted after compensation paid 1 3 1 Wearing apparel waiver of exemption on limited 9 3 1 Western Atlantic E E if sold proceeds how applied 7 13 1 Whipping as punishment for crime prohibited 1 17 White and colored public schools to be separate 8 1 1 Widows pensions provided for 711 Wifes property is her separate estate after marriage 3 11 1 Wild Land Clerk compensation of 5 2 4 Witnesses in criminal cases rights of defendants as to 1 1 5 Not compelled to criminate themselves 1 1 6 Two necessary to convict of treason 1 2 2 Worship of Grod may be according to conscience 1 1 12 Place of may be exempt from tax 7 2 2 Y Yeas and Nays to be Eecorded in Journal At request of onefifth i 3 7 6 On appropriation bills and resolutions 3 7 12 When twothirds vote is required 3 7 21 On amendments to Constitution 13 1 1 219 AJ3 I l