THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA M I I wRSm Cs Crv3 i vv r ifci e vvv fo Hip MANUAL OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF The State of Georgia 19091910 PREPARED UNDER JOINT RESOLUTIONS OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ATLANTA QA CHAS P BYRD STATE PRINTER 1909 EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT STATE OF GEORGIA JOSEPH M BROWN Governor BENJAMIN M BLACKBURN Secretaries Executive PRISON COMMISSION JOS S TURNER Chairman WILEY WILLIAMS CLEMENT A EVANS GOODLOE YANCEY Secretary RAILROAD COMMISSIONERS S G McLENDON Chairman WARNER H HILL O B STEVENS GEORGE HILLYER C M CANDLER C C BRANTLEY A H ULM J L BARRON A J SCOTT PHILIP COOK WILLIAM A WRIGHT J POPE BROWN JNO C HART JERE M POUND T G HUDSON S W McCALLIE MRS M B COBB Commissioner of Agriculture State School Commissioner Keeper Public Buildings Department ComptrollerGeneral Treasurer Adj utantGeneral Secretary of State Private Secretary AttorneyGeneral State Geologist State Librarian VJ W LINDSEY Pension Commissioner MEMBERS AND OFFICERS OF the Senate of Georgia 1909 and 1910 A N JOHN M SLATON President ATLANTA JULIAN B McCURRY Pres Protem HARTWEBB CHARLES S NORTHEN Secretary ATLANTA CHAS P HANSELL Asst Secy THOMASVHDE L G BRANNON Chief Clerk GEORGETOWN FLYNN HARGETT Messenger COBUMBUS I J STEPHENS Doorkeeper NEWNAN MEMBERS OF THE SENATE OF GEORGIA FOR SESSION OF 1909 AND 1910 First DistrictChatham Bryan and Effingham W F SLATER IEllabelle Second DistrictLiberty McIntosh Tattnall and Toombs J L McLEANGlennville Third DistrictWayne Pierce Appling and Jeff Davis A V SELLERSJ1Baxley Fourth DistrictGlynn Camden and Charlton L R AKINBrunswick Fifth DistrictWare Clinch and Coffee C A WARDDouglas Sixth DistrictEchols Lowndes Berrien and Tift E P BOWENrTifton Seventh DistrictBrooks Thomas Colquitt and Grady J S WARD JR Thomasville Eighth DistrictDecatur Mitchell and Miller L F PATTERSON Bainbridge Ninth DistrictEarly Calhoun and Baker T B McDOWELLBlakely Tenth DistrictDougherty Lee Worth and Turner J P CALLAWAYLeesburg Eleventh DistrictClay Randolph and Terrell J R IRWINrJh Dawson Twelfth DistrictStewart Webster and Quitman G Y HARRELLLumpkin Thirteenth DistrictSumter Schley and Macon W D MURRAY Ellaville Fourteenth DistrictDooly Wilcox Pulaski and Crisp JNO T KINGRochelle Fifteenth DistrictMontgomery Telfair Irwin Dodge and Ben Hill M B CALHOUNTMount Vernon 6 Sixteenth DistrictLaurens Emanuel and Johnson W R KEMPSwainsboro Sevententh DistrictScreven Bulloch Burke and Jenkins F M CATESWaynesboro Eighteenth DistrictRichmond Glascock and Jefferson W S MORRISAugusta Nineteenth DistrictTaliaferro Green and Warren JOHN JOHNSONCrawfordville Twentieth DistrictBaldwin Hancock and Washington W II BURWELLSparta Twentyfirst DistrictTwiggs Wilkinson and Jones J B JACKSONTGray Twentysecond DistrictBibb Monroe and Pike SAMUEL RUTHERFORD Forsyth Twentythird DistrictHouston Crawford and Taylor H A MATHEWSFort Valley Twentyfourth DistrictMuscogee Marion and Chattahoochee FRANK GORDYColumbus Twentyfifth DistrictHarris Upson and Talbot M D WOMBLEThomaston Twentysixth DistrictSpalding Butts and Fayette S H MAYSJackson Twentyseventh DistrictNewton Walton Oconee and Rockdale J D PRICEFarmington Twentveighth DistrictJasper Putnam and Morgan J H BLACKWELLShady Dale Twentyninth DistrictWilkes Columbia McDuffie and Lincoln R D CALLAWAY Washington Thirtieth DistrictOglethorpe Madison Elbert and Clarke C O STEVENSCrawford R F D Thirtyfirst DistrictHart Habersham Franklin and Stephens JULIAN B McCURRY Hartwell Thirtysecond DistrictWhite Dawson and Lumpkin CHAS J HARBENJuno ThirtyThird DistrictHall Banks and Jackson H H PERRYGainesville Thirtyfourth DistrictGwinnett DeKalb and Henry S C McWILLIAMS Stockbridge Thirtyfifth DistrictCobb Fulton and Clayton J M SLATON Atlanta 7 Thirtysixth DistrictCampbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas J R McCOLLUM Newnan Thirtyseventh DistrictCarroll Heard and Troup F M LONGLEYLaCrange Thirtyeighth DistrictHaralson Polk and Paulding E S GRIFFITH Buchannon Thirtyninth DistrictMilton Cherokee and Forsyth J N McCLUREDuluth Fortieth DistrictUnion Towns and Rabun F E CONLEY Blairsville Fortyfirst DistrictPickens Fannin and Gilmer W T DAY Jasper Fortysecond DistrictBartow Floyd and Chattooga R Y RUDICILiSummerville Fortythird DistrictMurray Gordon and Whitfield LOGAN R PITTS Calhoun Fortyfourth DistrictWalker Dade and Catoosa J Y WOODCedar Grove 8 CHAIRMAN AND VICECHAIRMAN ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND Rutherford Chairman Jackson ViceChairman AGRICULTURE Price Chairman Murray ViceChairman APPROPRIATIONS Burwell Chairman McCurry ViceChairman AUDITING Sellers Chairman Harben ViceChairman BANKS Morris Chairman Bowen ViceChairman CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE REAPPORTIONMENT Ward C A Chairman Akin ViceChairman CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS Perry Chairman Irwin ViceChairman CORPORATIONS Irwin Chairman Harrell ViceChairman 11 COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS Callaway R D Chairman Calhoun ViceChairman EDUCATION AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS McWilliams Chairman Kemp ViceChairman ENGROSSING Patterson Chairman Rutherford ViceChairman I ENROLLMENT Conley Chairman Harrell ViceChairman FINANCE Slater Chairman Akin ViceChairman HALLS AND ROOMS Harrell Chairman Wood ViceChairman HYGIENE AND SANITATION Rudicil Chairman McLean ViceChairman IMMIGRATION AND LABOR Jackson Chairman Perr ViceChairman INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS Harrell Chairman Johnson ViceChairman 12 JOURNALS Akin Chairman Blackwell ViceChairman GENERAL JUDICIARY Mathews Chairman Griffith ViceChairman SPECIAL JUDICIARY Womble Chairman Jackson ViceChairman MANUFACTURERS King Chairman McDowell ViceChairman MILITARY AFFAIRS McCurry Chairman Morris ViceChairman MINES AND MINING Day Chairman Harben ViceChairman PENITENTIARY Gordy Chairman Patterson ViceChairman PENSIONS Cates Chairman Mays ViceChairman PEIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS Murray Chairman Blackwell ViceChairman PRIVILEGES OF FLOOR Wood Chairman Cates ViceChairman 13 PUBLIC LIBRARY Kemp Chairman McDowell ViceChairman PUBLIC PRINTING Griffith Chairman Day ViceChairman PUBLIC PROPERTY McCollum Chairman Bowen ViceChairman PUBLIC ROADS McDowell Chairman Callaway R D ViceChairman RAILROADS Longley Chairman King ViceChairman RULES The President Chairman ExOfficio McCurry ViceChairman SCHOOL FOR DEAF Pitts Chairman Johnson ViceChairman STATE OF THE REPUBLIC Blackwell Chairman Perry ViceChairman STATE SANITARIUM McLean Chairman McCollum ViceChairman 14 TEMPERANCE Callaway J P Chairman Longley ViceChairman UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA Stevens Chairman Wakd C A ViceChairman WESTERN ATLANTIC RAILROAD McClure Chairman Rutherford ViceChairman ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND Rutherford Chairman Jackson ViceChairman Wood Kemp Johnson Mays Cates AGRICULTURE Price Chairman Murray ViceChairman Callaway J P Akin Bowen Callaway R D Cates Day Harben Johnson Kemp Mays McWilliams McCollum McClure McLean Stevens Ward J S Ward C A Wood McDowell Womble Blackwell 15 APPROPRIATION S Bowen Callaway Cates Griffith Irwin Jackson Longley Stevens Conley Day Jackson Conley Burwell Chairman McCurry ViceChairman Womble J P Mays Morris McLean McDowell McCollum Rudicil Rutherford McWilliams AUDITING Sellers Chairman Harben ViceChairman Mays Womble BANKS Morris Chairman Bowen ViceChairman Akin Longley Callaway J P McDowell Conley Sellers King CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE REAPPORTIONMENT Ward C A Chairman Akin ViceChairman Callaway R D Griffith Patterson Slater CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS Perry Chairman Irwin ViceChairman Longley Calloway B D Slater Matthews Morris Womble Butherford Calhoun Gordy Sellers COBPOBATIONS Irwin Chairman Harrell ViceChairman Calhonn Pitts King Sellers McDowell Stevens McClure Akin Patterson Bowen Mays COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTEBS Callaway B D Chairman Calhoun ViceChairman Pitts McWilliams Ward J S Wood McDowell J ohnson Cates Patterson 17 EDUCATION AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS McWilliams Chairman Kemp ViceChairman McLean Irwin McClure Harben Cates Perry Bowen McCurry Callaway J P Blackwell Johnson Pitts Mays Ward J S Akin Womble Morris Gordy Griffith Wood Harrell ENGROSSING Patterson Chairman Rutherford ViceChairman Harrell Cates Burwell Kemp Pitts Sellers ENROLLMENT Conley Chairman Harrell ViceChairipan Rutherford Wood Ward J S FINANCE Bowen Callaway R D Callaway J P Calhoun Gordy King Slater Chairman Akin ViceChairman Matthews Stevens Price Ward C A McClure 18 HALL AND BOOMS Harrell Chairman Wood ViceChairman Day Conley HYGIENE AND SANITATION Budicil Chairman McLean ViceChairman Longley McCurry Patterson Morris IMMIGBATION AND LABOB Jackson Chairman Perry ViceChairman McCurry Slater Gordy Blackwell Burwell Price Butherford Womble Akin King INTEBNAL IMPBOVEMENTS Harrell Chairman Johnson ViceChairman Wood Pay Murray Conley JOUBNALS Akin Chairman Blackwell ViceChairman Wood Ward J S Jr Harben 19 Burwell Calhoun Day Harrell Irwin Jackson Longley GENERAL JUDICIARY Mathews Chairman Griffith ViceChairman McCurry Perry Rutherford Sellers Slater Ward C A Womble Price Stevens SPECIAL JUDICIARY Womble Chairman Jackson ViceChairman McCollum Patterson Callaway J P Murray Gordy Morris McClure Akin MANUFACTURERS King Chairman McDowell ViceChairman Ward J S Jr Patterson Stevens Pitts Murray mjlitary affairs McCurky Chairman Morris ViceChairman Rutherford Stevens Slater Crordy Ward C A Sellers Wood Perry MINES AND MINING Day Chairman Harben ViceChairman Conley Rndicil Mays Conley McLean Irwin PENITENTIARY Gordy Chairman Patterson ViceChairman McClure McWilliams Griffith King Ward J S Jr Ward C A Callaway J P Calhoun Callaway R D Gordy Wood Burwell PENSIONS Cates Chairman Mays ViceChairman Harben Blackwell Morris McDowell Jackson PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS Murray Chairman Kemp Price Blackwell ViceChairman Griffith Harben Ward J S Jr McClure PRIVILEGES OF FLOOR Wood Chairman Cates ViceChairman Sellers 21 PUBLIC LIBRARY Kemp Chaimaan McDowell ViceChairman Sellers Perry Callaway R D PUBLIC PRINTING Griffith Chairman Day ViceChairman Stevens Ward J S Jr Calhoun PUBLIC PROPERTY McCollum Chairman Bowen ViceChairman Johnson Rudicil PUBLIC ROADS McDowell Chairman Callaway R D ViceChairman Rutherford Rudicil Murray Harrell Bowen Ward J S Jr McCollum Matthews Jackson Morris RAILROADS Longley Chairman King ViceChairman Irwin McLean Kemp Mays McDowell McCollum McClure Slater Patterson Womble Akin Gordy Callaway R D Price Calhoun 22 RULES Matthews Slater Burwell Harrell Kemp McLean Burwell Longley Price Griffith Callaway Conley Callaway Irwin King McCurry Harben The President Chairman ExOfficio McCurry ViceChairman Longley Irwin Gordy SCHOOL FOR DEAF Pitts Chairman Johnson ViceChairman Rudicil Blackwell STATE OF THE REPUBLIC Blackwell Chairman Perry ViceChairman Murray Mathews Day STATE SANITARIUM McLean Chairman McCollum ViceChairman Murray J P Mays Ward J S Jr R D Johnson Rutherford Jackson Cates McWilliams 23 TEMPERANCE Callaway J P Chairman Longley ViceChairman Akin Mathews McCollum Perry Slater Jackson Morris MeCurry McDowell Gordy McLean Blackwell Price Day Bowen Pitts Womble UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA Stevens Chairman Ward C A ViceChairman MeCurry Slater Price Rudicil Calhoun Harben McClure McWilliams Pitts Mathews Callaway of 29th WESTERN ATLANTIC RAILROAD McClure Chairman Rutherford ViceChairman McCollum Patterson King Womble Callaway J P Bowen McWilliams Price Harben Irwin Ward C A Mathews McDowell Burwell 24 Rules of the Senate THE PRESIDENT Rule 1 The President shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful Rule 2 In all cases of election by the Senate the President shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the Senate shall be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the President may vote Rule 3 When two or more Senators shall rise at the same time the President shall name the Senator entitled to proceed Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the President unless otherwise ordered by the Senate Rule 5 The method of stating the question or any motion by the President shall be as follows All in favor of the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the President or a division of the Senate is called for by any one member of the Senate the President shall call upon the Senators in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Secretary he shall call upon the Senators to reverse their positions and the President shall announce the result Rule 6 Jbe President may during a days sitting name any Senator to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer Discretion of President When President shall vote Right of Senator to the floor to be decided by the President President to appoint committees Method of stating a question by President President may name Senators to preside 27 Duty of Secretary when President it absent When no debate on appeals Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the President shall be absent the President pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Secretary of the Senate shall call the Senate to order and shall preside until a President pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the Senate The President pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease Rule 8 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate Appeals to be made at once Power of President to suspend subordinate officers When President may order galleries and lobbies cleared No quorum voting duty of President When President may order vote taken by yeas and nays Rule 9 All appeals from the decisions of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made Rule 10 The President shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the Senate within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the Senate may see fit to take in the premises Rule 11 The President shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the Senate cleared by the Messenger and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the Senate to be dealt with for contempt of the Senate Rule 12 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the Senate the President may order the door of the Senate to be closed and the roll of Senators called by the Secretary and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the Senate and if any Senator present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the Senate Rule 13 The President may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays 28 where a division of the Senate discloses the fact that a quorum of the Senate has not voted Rule 14 All questions as to priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the President without debate ON DECORUM AND DEBATE Rule 15 When any Senator is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the Senate he shall arise from his seqd and respectfully address himself to Mr President He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject nor more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any Senator in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the Senate the President shall call him to order in which case the Senator so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The Senate shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the Senate be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offence shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the Senate by a twothirds vote of the Senators which said vote shall be taken by ayes and nays Rule 16 If any Senator be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Secretary and read then admitted denied or explained by the Senator who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the Senate may deem proper in regard thereto But no Senator shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the Senate for words spoken in debate if any other Senator has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken Rule 17 The members of the Senate shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking Senator shall have taken his seat Decision on questions of priority Conduct of Senators in debate Appeals Expulsion See Rule 147 Exception to words spoken Silence 29 Mode of designating Senators Shall not vote when interested in result Protests Duty while Senator is speaking and at adjournment Restrictions in debate Applause and hisses forbidden No debate during yeas and nays Only one motion be made at a time Explanation Rule 18 The Senators shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the districts they represent Rule 19 No Senator shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is personally interested and in every case where the seat of a Senator is being contested the sitting Senator and the contestant shall both retire from the Senate before the vote is taken Rule 20 Any Senator may have entered on the Journal a protest in writing against the action of the Senate said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the Senate nor any member thereof Rule 21 No Senator shall pass between the Chair and a Senator while he is speaking nor shall any Senator at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the President retires Rule 22 No Senator shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another Senator or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the House Rule 23 Applause or hisses in the Senate chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed Rule 24 During the calling or reading of ayes and nays on any question no debate shall be had Rule 25 No Senator can make more than one motion at a time and wliile the motion is being put to the Senate he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the President Rule 26 No Senator having asked and obtained leave of the Senate to explain his vote on any question before the Senate shall be allowed more than ten minutes for such 30 explanation unless said time is extended by a vote of the Senate Rule 27 When the reading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any Senator it shall be determined by a vote of the Senate and this motion shall be decided without debate Rule 28 A motion to excuse a Senator from voting must be made before the Senate divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without debate except that the Senator making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail DIVISION OF A QUESTION Rule 29 Any one Senator may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it Rule 30 The Senator calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself and be consistent and entire BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Rule 31 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order in which they stand on the calendar nd before reading any bill or resolution the second or third time the Secretary shall distinctly state its number and the name of the Senator by whom introduced provided that the General Appropriation Bill and the General Tax Bill shall have precedence on third reading until the same shall have been finally disposed of Rule 32 Every motion to suspend the rules for the purpose of taking up bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion to makespecial orders shall except by the unanimous consent of the Senate be sub 31 Reading of papers Motion to excuse when made Excuses from voting Call for division Division how made Bills ana resolutions called in order Proviso What motions to be in writing 2man Question on first reading Effect of favorable report of committee Adverse report of committee Bills when withdrawn Transmission to House by majority vote Bills when printed Bills and resolutions to be in writing How indorsed Reports of committees order of action mitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the Senate Rule 33 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the first reading and the question shall be Shall this bill be committed or engrossed In case of engrossment the entry thereof shall be made by the secretary and the bill shall not be amended thereafter unless subsequently committed In cases where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of the bill the same shall be read a second time and passed to a third reading without question Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Provided however that bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up for a second reading except by request of some member of the Senate Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the Senate Rule 34 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the House on the day of the passage thereof unless a majority of the Senators present shall so order Rule 35 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the Senate by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the Senate agreeing thereto Rule 36 All bills and resolutions shall be written or printed and shall have the name of the Senator introducing the same as well as the district he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same Rule 37 Where a bill or a relolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the Senate 32 PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS Rule 38 When any subject is before the Senate for consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following to wit 1st A motion to adjourn 2d A motion to lay on table 3d A motion for the previous question 4th A motion to postpone indefinitely 5th A motion to postpone to a day certain 6th A motion to commit 7th A motion to amend Which said several motions shall have precedence in the order named MOTION TO ADJOURN Rule 39 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the Senate A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended Rule 40 A motion to adjourn on a particular day or for a particular time if made when the Senate is not actually engaged in other business is debatable Rule 41 The motion to adjourn can be made at any time when the Senator moving it can legitimately obtain the floor Rule 42 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Secretary has called the first name of th yeas and nays and a vote of one Senator has been given or after a division of the Senate has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced Rule 43 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the Senate to the next sitting day or time in course Order of precedence Not debatable when may be renewed Amendment When debatable When made When not to order Effect of adjournment 33 Hour of ad ness postponed Amendment or substitute cannot be laid on table How matters may be taken from table When renewed Not debatable or amendable What can be tabled When in order Effect of previous question Rule 44 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the Senate is being taken by the yeas and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the Senate is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the Senate shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE Rule 45 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on the table shall be in order Rule 46 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the Senate is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table Rule 47 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes Rule 48 Neither the motion to lgy on the table nor the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable i Rule 49 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again Rule 50 A motion to day on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on table is in order THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION Rule 51 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all 34 other motions except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the first question shall be Shall the call for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a r majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made before the next question to wit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motions will be out of order and the Senate cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives Rule 52 When the previous question has been ordered Twenty mmutes the Senate shall then proceed to act on the mam question debate ai lowed without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate When the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such Senators as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule Rule 53 After the main question is ordered any Sen vote how ator may call for a division of the Senate in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays but on all questions Yeas and on which the veas and nays are called the assent of one fifth necesfifth of the number present shall be necessary to sustain the call and whpn such call is sustained the yeas and nays shall be entered on the journal Rule 54 The effect of the order that the main ques Effectof tion be now put is to bring the Senate to a vote on pend being ing questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved 35 Reconsideration when in order Contested elections How called and ordered Call of the Senate when in order Questions of order Effect Not amendable When cannot be applied Rule 55 After the main question has been ordered excepting one motion to reconsider the action in ordering the main question no motion to reconsider shall be in order until after the vote on the main question is taken and announced Rule 56 In all cases of contested elections where there is a majority and a minority report from the committee on privileges and elections if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to themember of said committee whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report Rule 57 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection Rule 58 A call of the Senate shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the President that a quorum is not present Rule 59 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made tor the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE Rule 60 When a bill resolution or other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session Rule 61 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended Rule 62 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day cer 36 tain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule Rule 63 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has once been voted down MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN Rule 64 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another MOTION TO COMMIT Rule 65 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee Rule 66 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on Rule 67 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated Rule 68 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the Senator making the motion Rule 69 Any proposition that has been referred to any committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum MOTIONS TO AMEND Rule 70 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended to wit 1st By inserting or adding words 2d By striking out words 3d By striking out and inserting words 37 Not renewed Debste when and how al Motion to commit Precedence of When debatable How amended Motion to recommit Amendments how made Bill first perfected then the substitute When too late to amend Must be in writing Priority Blanks Caption when amended Amnding by sections An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Rule 71 When a bill or resolution is before the Senate for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute t shall be in order for the Senate to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute Rule 72 An amendment cannot be offered after the report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the Senate unless said action of the Senate in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Rule 73 All motions to amend any matter before the Senate must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added Rule 74 On all questions whether in committee or in the Senate th last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put Rule 75 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend Rule 76 The caption or preamble qf a bill or resolution shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected Rule 77 When aproposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the Senate shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Secretary in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the 38 committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Secretary without any motion being made in the Senate and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it Rule 78 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Secretary shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended Rule 79 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out Rule 80 When any bill or resolution which originated in the Senate has been amended in the House and is before the Senate for action on the House amendment an amendment may be offered in the Senate to the House amendment but the Senate amendment to the House amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down Rule 81 A motion to amend an amendment made by the House to a Senate bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment Rule 82 The questions which arise before the Senate respecting amendments by the House to a Senate bill or resolution are 1st A motion to agree to the House amendment 2d A motion to disagree to the House amendment 3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amend ment 4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment 5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment They take precedence in the above order 39 Amendments by striking out and in serting Priority of amendment to perfect Amending House amendments See Rule 130 Priority Priority of questions on House amendments Motion to reconsider Shall not be withdrawn when When there may be one reconsideration When in order Amendments when reconsidered Place of Calender Morning rollcall dispensed with by majority vote Names of absentees noted Power to compel attendance RECONSIDERATION Rule 83 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be read it shall be in the power of any Senator to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter has been previously reconsidered provided such Senator shall notify the Senate of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed Rule 84 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made Rule 85 No matter shall be reconsidered more than once Rule 86 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action Rule 87 The action of the Senate upon an amendment may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill or resolution to which it relates Rule 88 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of calendar of bills then in order for a third reading ABSENTEES Rule 89 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the Senate shall not be dispensed with except by a majority vote of the Senators present Rule 90 Upon the call of the Senators ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Secretary and shall appear upon the Journal COMPELLING ATTENDANCE Rule 91 The power to compel the attendance of Senators in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested 40 in the President and to this end he may have the doors of the Senate closed When the doors are so closed no Senator shall be allowed to retire from the Senate without first obtaining leave from the Senate The Messenger of the Senate shall be ex officio SergeantatArms of the Senate and on order of the President may arrest any absentees and bring them before the Senate when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid CALL OF THE SENATE Rule 92 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present or when the President shall officially state the fact to the Senate it shall be in order for any Senator to make a motion for a call of the Senate and when this motion is made the President shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the Senate pffevail0 and if five of the Senators present shall vote in the affirmative the President shall order the Secretary to call the roll of Senators and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the Senators present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the Senate shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged MISCELLANEOUS RULES Rule 93 When a message is sent to the Senate it shall be announced at the door of the Senate by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent Rule 94 Messages may be received at any time while the door is open except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce is being taken A message shall be presented to the Senate by the President when received or afterwards according to its nature and in the business 41 Sergeant atarms Call how ordered Subsequent proceedings Messages Messages when received and considered Motions which the Senate is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the Senate Rule 95 After a motion is stated by the President or read by the Secretary it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the Senate but may be withdrawn at any time before decision by consent of the Senate Petitions memorials etc Rule 96 Any member presenting a petition mmorial or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading No debate Rule 97 Any motion to suspend the rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate Motions ot privileged Rule 98 Any motion not privileged containing new matter shall lie at least one day on the table Record Rule 99 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Secretary shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting Not necessasary to second motion Rule 100 Where a motion is made by any Senator it shall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the Senate Committees how and when enlarged Rule 101 After the announcement of the standing com mittees no other Senators shall be placed thereon unless it be at the request of a majority of the committee to be added thereto except when Senators have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the President may assign said Senators to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships Privileges of the floor Rule 102 INTo person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the Senate except the Senators and officers thereof the officers and members of the House the Governor of the State and the heads of the officers of the Executive Department exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts in actual commission expresiding officers of 42 P the Senate and House and such others at the Senate may allow upon recommendation of the committee on the privileges of the floor Rule 103 It shall be the duty of the committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings on Journals and report to the Senate that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Secretary Rule 104 The hour to which the Senate shall stand ad Adjournment journed every day shall be 10 oclock a m of the succeeding day except Sunday unless otherwise ordered by the Senate Motion for Rule 105 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate Rule 106 All writs warrants subpoenas issued by order stature of the Senate shall be signed by the President and attested dented by the Secretary Rule 107 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to at Duty0f tend to the wants of the Senate while in session to aid in g the enforcement of order under the direction of the President and to execute the demands of the Senate from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the President Rule 108 The Messenger under the direction of the Messengers Secretary shall superintend the distribution by the Pages tributmg of all documents and papers to be distributed to the members he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them Rule 109 No committee shall deface or interline a bill rea resolution or other paper referred to said committee but bidden shall report any amendments recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amend ments relate Rule 110 No pairing of members shall be recognized Pairang or allowed as an excuse for not voting 43 Committee of Conference Amend ments Free debate Motion Majority and minority reports What motions lie on table Changing votes Rule 111 Whenever any Senator moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the President shall appoint a committee on the part of the Senate and in such case the committee shall consist only of such Senators as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the Senate and if by inadvertence any Senator be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the Senate and be excused by the President Rule 112 After commitment Of a bill and report thereof to the Senate it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the Senate but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment Rule 113 No Senator shall after debating any question and before yielding the floor be allowed to submit any motion the effect of which shall be to prevent further debate Rule 114 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first in order Rule 115 All reports of a committee shall be in waiting and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent Rule 116 Every motion to alter the rules of the Senate or for information from the Executive or departments shall lie on the table one day Rule 117 On the call of the yeas and nays the Secretary shall read the names of the Senators after they have been called and no Senator shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question 44 Rule 118 Questions of privilege shall be first those Questions affecting the rights of the Senate collectively its safety pn ege dignity and the intergity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of Senators individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions except a motion to adjourn Rule 119 In all elections a majority of the Senators Elections present shall be necessary to a choice Rule 120 No bill or resolution appropriating money Apppnshall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays are called and recorded All bills for raising rev reconjej enue or appropriating money must originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or con pcur in amendments as in other bills tlves Rule 121 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of Amendtwothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an gwjggj act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof fm shall be entered on the Journal and when any amend journals ment to Constitution shall be agreed to by a twothirds vote of members elected such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on the Journal in full with the yeas and nays taken thereon Rule 122 The first and second reading of local bills shall consist of the reading of the titles only unless said ecarfad bill is ordered engrossed Rule 128 The Secretary and Assistant Secretary shall Secretary before entering on their duties as such take an oath before their presiding officer to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge and the Secretary shall enter into bond in the sum of 5000 conditioned for faithful discharge of his duties Said bond to be approved by President of Senate Rule 124 All engrossing and enrolling clerks before Oathorenentering upon the discharge of their respective duties engrossing shall take an oath before the President of Senate to discharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill 45 Must be examined by enrolling committee and to recommended by it as competent Secretary must enter on journals proceed mgs of joint sessions and knowledge of which a minute shall be made and entered on the Journals and no journalizing recording enrolling or engrossing clerk shall be appointed by the Secretary of Senate until such clerk has been examined by the Enrolling Committee and certified to be competent and well qualified for the discharge of the duties required of him and shall be removed at any time upon recommendation of the Enrolling Committee Rule 125 When there is a meeting of both branches of the General Assembly in joint session the Secretary shall entery n the journal of the Senate the proceedings of the same COMMITTEES Rule 126 The President shall appoint the following standing committees Committee on Academy for the Blind Committee on Agriculture Committee on Appropriations Committee on Auditing Committee on Banks Committee on Congressional and Legislative Reapportionment Committee on Constitutional Amendments Committee on Corporations Committee on Education and Public Schools Committee on Engrossing Committee on Enrollment Committee on Finance Committee on Hall and Rooms Committee on Hygiene and Sanitation Committee on Immigration and Labor Committee on Internal Improvements Committee on Journals Committee on Judiciary for consideration of general bills Committee on Judiciary for consideration of special or local bills Committee on Manufactures Committee on Military Affairs 46 Committee on Mines and Mining Committee on Penitentiary Committee on Pensions Committee on Privileges and Elections Committee on Privileges of the Floor Committee on Public Library Committee on Public Printing Committee on Public Property Committee on Public Roads Committee on Railroads Committee on Rules of which the President shall be ex officio Chairman Committee on School for the Deaf Committee on State of the Republic Committee on State Sanitarium Committee on Temperance Committee on University of Georgia Committee on W A Railroad The Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Appropriations shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Finance and the Chairman an Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Finance shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations ORDER OF BUSINESS Rule 127 The following shall be the order of business 1 Prayer by the Chaplain 2 Call of the Roll 3 Report of Committee on Journals 4 Reading the Journal 5 Confirmation of the Journal 6 Motions to reconsider 7 Unfinished business 8 Special orders 9 Presentation of Petitions 10 Reports of standing committees 11 Reports of select committees 12 Messages from the Governor 47 13 Messages from the House of Representatives 14 Introduction of bills the first time on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays of each week 15 Reading House bills first time for reference 16 Reading bills favorably reported by the Committee third time on Tuesdays and Thursdays of each week 17 Consideration of bills adversely reported from committee on Tuesdays and Thursdays of each week 18 Reading of bills second time favorably reported from committee on Mondays and Saturdays of each week 19 Motions and Resolutions 20 General orders but messages from the Governor and House of Representatives and reports from all Committees may be received under any order of business Rule 128 The report of the Committee on Rules shall be in order at any time Rule 129 When any question arises which is not provided foiin the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies Rule 130 Any one of the foregoing Rules may be suspended by a twothirds vote of the Senators a quorum being present and voting thereon 48 RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION 1 When nominations shall be made by the Governor to the Senate a future day shall be assigned for their consideration unless the Senate directs otherwise 2 When acting on executive business the Senate shall be cleared of all persons except the Senators the Secretary and Assistant Secretary 3 All information or remarks touching or concerning the character or qualifications of any person nominated by the Governor for office shall be kept secret 4 The Legislative and Executive proceedings of the Senate shall be kept in separate and distinct books 5 All nominations approved by the Senate or otherwise definitely acted on shall be transmitted by the Secretary to the Governor with the determination of the Senate thereon from day to day as such proceedings may occur but no further extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished published or otherwise communicated during any session except by special order of the Senate and in transmitting the determination of the Senate thereon the Secretary shall in no instance furnish a list of the names of Senators voting in the affirmative or negative but only the fact of confirmation or rejection and the numerical vote and the record of votes shall be sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of States office there to be placed on file 6 A majority of a quorum shall be necessary to confirm the nomination to any officemade by the Governor and 49 sent to the Senate for approval When nominations are made by the Governor for any office which requires the assent and approval of the Senate in executive session after the Secretary shall read the name of the party nominated and the position to which he is appointed the President shall put to the Senate the following Shall the nomination of the Governor be confirmed by the Senate Those who favor the confirmation will as your names are called vote Aye those opposed vote No After the roll is called the President will announce the result of the ballot and declare the result as follows It appears from the vote that a majority of the Senators have voted to confirm the appointment made by the Governor the same is hereby confirmed by the Senate or A majority of the Senators have voted against the confirmation of the nomination made by the Governor it is therefore rejected by the Senate 7 No Senator will be at liberty at any time or under any circumstances to expose or publish anything transpiring in executive session except only such matters as are required to be disclosed under the rules It is the intent and meaning of this rule that the business transacted in executive session shall be sacred and free from exposure to the outside world and that every Senator shall be on his honor concerning the same RULES For the Government of The General Assembly When Assembled in Joint Session RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION 1 The time of the meeting of the two houses in joint session shall be determined by the concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law 2 The elections shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result 3 The votes are to be taken for but one election at the same time and a majority of the whole number of votes cast is necessary to a choice 4 The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet in joint session in the hall of the House of Representatives on the first Monday of every session at 10 oclock a m or at such time as may be fixed by joint resolution of both houses for the purpose of electing such officers of said State as are now or may hereafter be required to be elected by the General Assembly Said joint session shall continue in morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of said officers are elected 5 At the hour determined by the concurrent resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Representatives 6 The President of the Senate shall preside and an 53 nounce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly 7 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate 8 In announcing a candidate the mover shall not make any commendatory or other remarks 9 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order to second such nomination and when the nomination is declared closed the President shall forthwith order the rollcall and each member when called shall rise in his seat and respond promptly announcing distinctly his choice for such office 10 In the elections by the General Assembly no member after having voted shall be allowed to change his vote unless he will rise and state in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote has been recorded by mistake 11 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order 12 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence of the former 13 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the call of the roll has commenced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate 14 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened 15 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either 54 indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without farther motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber 16 The majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session 17 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or either of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal of its consent to the same OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OFFICERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 19091910 Hon Jno N Holder of JacksonSpeaker Hon R N Hardeman of JeffersonSpeaker Pro Tem Hon Jno T Boifeuillet of BibbClerk D F McClatchey Jr of CobbReading Clerk O L Gresham of BurkeJournal Clerk E B Moore of Taliaferro Calendar Clerk O H B Bloodworth Jr of MonroeMessage Clerk D T Paulk of Ben HillMessenger W T Morris of TalbotDoorkeeper MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 19091910 ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED Name County Postoflice Adams J 0 Hall Gainesville Alexander Hooper DeKalb Decatur Alexander H A Fulton Atlanta Allen W Y Upson Thomaston Alley J H White Nacoochee Anderson J J E Bulloch Statesboro Anderson J R Chatham Savannah Armistead J P Oglethorpe Crawford Atherton J T Pickens Tate Atkinson Paul M Morgan Madison Ault E S Polk Cedartown Barksdale R 0 Wilkes Washington Bagley B F Chattahoochee Cusseta Bailey J W Miller Colquitt Baker R H Lumpkin Dahlonega Barrett Fermor Stephens Tuccoa Beacham W E Dooly Pinehurst Beasley C H Lee Leesburg Bell Jno T Cherokee Canton Berry T N Union Blairsville Booker F G Wilkes W ashington Boyd Jos D Spalding Griffin Brinson S Decatur Brinson Brinson B L Emanuel Stillmore Brown W F Carroll j Carrollton Brown Geo Fulton Atlanta Brown R C Henry Locust Grove Brotvn S A Murray Eton Burch J E Laurens Dublin Butt Wm Fannin Blue Ridge Buxton W R Burke Girard Calbeck 0 Gordon Calhoun Cannon C E Rabun Clayton Carswell G H Wilkinson Irw inton Carter S B Hall Gainesville Chandler H H Franklin Lavonia Childs J T Taylor Butler Converse W L Lowndes Valdosta Cook M L Thomas Boston Cordell B R Elbert Bowman Couch M H Coweta Senoia 61 Name County Postoffice Cowan J W Rockdale Conyers Culberson H L Lincoln Amity Cureton W W Dade Rising Fawn Daniell G L Cobb Smyrna Davis Jos S Dougherty Albany Dickson Marion Ben Hill Fitzgerald Drawdy S L Clinch Homerville Edmondson B H Chattooga Summerville Edwards B J Walton Monroe Elder J P Oconee F armington Ellis Roland Bibb Macon Ellison S T Harris Ellerslie English J M Warren Warrenton Evans W H Bibb Macon Faircloth Wm Johnson Wrightsville Fender J F Lowndes Valdosta Field Alonzo DeKalb Decatur Fields S R Crisp Cordele Ford G G Worth Sylvester Fullbright H J Burke Waynesboro Garlington Sam F Richmond Augusta Gastley T J Habersham Clarksville Gillis Neil L Emanuel Covena Godley Thos M Camden Kingsland Graddick C C Crawford Mussola Griffin F W Sumter Americus Griffin H F Twiggs Jeffersonville Guyton C T Effingham Guyton Hall Jos H Bibb Macon Hardeman R N Jefferson Louisville Hardman L G Jackson Commerce Harrington T J Liberty Donald Harvey D M Wilcox Pineview Hatfield J I Coffee Douglas Heard J P Dooly Vienna Helms GW w Paulding Dallas Hendrson J A J Irwin Ocilla Heiidrson J Wi Turner Sycamore Hendricks W H Tift Tifton Hill Ben F Monroe Forsyth Holder J no N Jackson Jefferson Holder G B Floyd Rome Holtzclaw R N Houston Perry Howell W C Echols Howell 62 Name County Postoffice HubbardJno R Dawson Hubbard ville Hllender W C Catoosa Ringgold Huie G M Clayton Riverdale Johnson M L Bartow Cartersvdle Johnson L W Jeff Davis Hazleburst Johnson J F Towns Hiqssee Joiner B D Washington jUnnille Jones M S Laurens Dublin Jones W R Meriwether Greenville Jones A T Mitchell Sale City Keith G J Meriwether Oakland Kelley J A Jasper Monticello Kendrick Jno R Taliaferro Sharon Kennedy J R TattnaU Manassas Kieklighter W T Bryan Groveland Kidd W J Raker Newton Kirby Jos T Coweta Newnan Lawrence A A Chatham Savannah Lewis R H Hancock Sparta Littleton J R Richmond Augusta Lord Iverson Washington Tennille Lovejoy Hatton Troup LaGrange Marshall M H Jr Terrell Dawson Meadows S J Telfair Helena Meadows S B Toombs Yidalia Middlebrooks L L Newton Covington Miller A L Calhoun Edison Miller S F Ware W aycross Milikin Ben Wayne Jesup Minter R P Fayette f Fayetteville Mitchell R G Jr Pierce Blackshear Moore D C Columbia Harlem Moss H B Cobb Marietta MacFarland F H McIntosh Darien MacIntyre W I Thomas Thom as ville McArthur D S Montgomery Lumber City McCarthy Joseph Chatham Savannah McConnell J P Gwinnett Grayson McCrory C R Schley Ellaville McCurry A A Hart Hartwell McCutchen P T Heard Franklin McElreath W alter Fulton Atlanta McMahan J J C Clarke Athens McMichael J M Butts Jackson 63 3man Name County Postoffice McMichael E H Marion Buena Vista McWhorter W P Greene Woodville Oliver T W Quitman Georgetown JParker 1 Decatur Climax V M Talbot Prattsburg Paulk Geo Berrien Alapaha Peacock Z Pulaski Cochran Persons G 0 Monroe F orsy th Pierce W B Richmond Augusta Pope M E Brooks Barwick Porter C H Floyd Rome Price J A Bartow Adairsville Proctor H A Jenkins Scarboro Reaves R R McDuffie Bearing Redding J F Pike V Barnesville Reese Millard Glynn Brunswick Reid C S Campbell Palmetto Reid J E Macon Montezuma Reid A S Putnam fEatonton Rentz T H Houston Grovania Roberts J H Dodge Eastman Rogers W T Randolph Coleman Rosser J E W alker LaFayette Sheppard J E Sumter Americus Shirley Tribble Milton Alpharetta Simmons R Bulloch Statesboro Simpson 0 0 Gwinnett Norcross Slade J J Muscogee Columbus Smith R E Gilmer Ellijay Smith M W Tattnall Claxton Smith J W Walton Monroe Stovall A S J Elbert Elberton Strong D D Early Blakely Stubbs J B Thom as Ochlochnee Tarver M C Whitfield Dalton Tippins G B Appling Surrency Tracey C C Webster Preston Tuggle W T Troup LaG range Turner T R Jones Haddock Turnipseed B M Clay FoH Gaines Upshaw L C Douglas Douglasville Vinson CarL Baldwin Milledgeville Waddell W J Haralson Bremen Walters J M Colquitt Hartsfield CA Name County Postoffice Wasden B RCharltonWinokur Watkins M DCarrollWhitesburg White H SScrevenSylvania Whiteley J W PGlascock Gibson Wight W S Grady Cairo Williams J YMadisonHull Wohlwender E MuscogeeColumbus Wood A WBanksCommerce Woodliff A HForsythFlowery Branch Wright BarryFloydRome Wright A R StewartRenfroes MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF GEORGIA 19091910 BY COUNTIES County Name Postoffice Appling G B Tippins Surrency Baker W J Kidd Newton Baldwin Carl Vinson Milledgeville Banks A W Wood Commerce Bartow M L Johnson Cartersville Bartow J A Price Adairsville Berrien Geo A Paulk Alapaha Ben Hill Marion Dickson Fitzgerald Bibb Joe H Hall Macon Bibb Roland Ellis Macon Bibb W H Evans Macon Brooks M E Pope Barwick Bryan W T Kicklighter Groveland Bulloch J J E Anderson Statesboro Bulloch R Simmons Statesboro Burke H J Fullbright Waynesboro Burke W R Buxton Girard Butts IJ M McMichael Jackson Calhoun A L Miller Edison Camden Thos M Godley Kingsland Campbell C S Reid Palmetto Carroll W F Brown Carrollton Carroll M D Watkins Whitesburg Catoosa W C Hullender Ringgold Charlton B R Wasden Winokur Chatham J R Anderson Savannah Chatham A A Lawrence Savannah Chatham Joseph McCarthy Savannah Chattahoochee B F Bagley Cusseta Chattooga B H Edmondson Summerville Cherokee John T Bell Canton Clarke J J C McMahan Athens Clay B M Turnipseed Ft Gaines Clayton G M Huie Riverdale Clinch S L Drawdy Homerville Cobb H B Moss Marietta Cobb G L Daniell Smyrna Coffee J I Hatfield Douglas Colquitt J M Walters Hartsfield Columbia D C Moore Harlem 66 County Name Postoffice Coweta Coweta Crawford Crisp Dadel Dawson Decatur Decatur DeKalb DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert1 Elbert Emanuel Emanuel Fannin Fayette Floyd Floyd Floyd F orsy th Franklin Fulton Fulton Fulton Gilmer Glasscock Glynn Gordon Grady Greene Gwinnett Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hall Hancock M H Couch Senoia Jos T KirbyNewnan C C Graddick Mussela S R FieldsCordele W W CuretonRising Fawn Jno R HubbardHubbardville S BrinsonBrinson T ParkerClimax Alonzo FieldDecatur Hooper AlexanderDecatur J H RobertsCEastman J P HeardVienna W E BeachamPinehurst Joseph S DavisAlbany L C Upshaw Douglasville D D StrongBlakely W C HowellHowell C T GuytonGuyton A S J StovallElberton B R CordellBowman Neil L GillisCovena B L BrinsonStillmore William ButtBlue Ridge R P Min terFayetteville Claud H PorterRome G B Holder Rome Barry Wright Rome A H Woodliff Flowery Bn H H Chandler Lavonia George Brown Atlanta Henry A Alexander Atlanta Walter McElreath Atlanta Robt E Smith Ellijay J W P Whiteley Gibson Millard Reese Brunswick 0 Calbeck Calhoun W S Wight Cairo W P McWhorter Woodville 0 0 Simpson Norcross J P McConnell Grayson T J Gastley Clarkesville J 0 Adams Gainesville S B Carter Gainesville Robt H Lewis Sparta 67 County Name Postoffice Haralson W J Waddell Bremen Harris S T Ellison Ellerslie Hart A A McCurry Hartwell Heard P T McCutchen Franklin Henry R C Brown Locust Grove Houston R N Holtzclaw Perry Houston T H Rentz Grovania Irwin J A J Henderson Ocilla Jackson John N Holder Jefferson Jackson L G Hardman Commerce Jasper J A Kellev Monticello Jeff Davis L W Johnson Hazlehurst Jefferson R N Hardeman Louisville Jenkins H A Procter Scarboro Johnson Wbn Faircloth Wrightsville Jones T R Turner Haddock Laurens J E Burch Dublin Laurens M S Jones Dublin Lee C H Beasley Leesburg Liberty T J Harrington Donald Lincoln H L Culberson Amity Lowndes W L Converse Valdosta Lowndes J F Fender Valdosta Lumpkin R H Baker Dahlonega Macon J E Reid Montezuma Madison J Y Williams Hull Marion E H McMichael Buena Vista McDuffie R R Reaves Dearing McIntosh F H MacFarland Darien Meriwether W R Jones Greenville Meriwether G J Keith Oakland Miller J W Bailey Ctflquitt Milton Tribble Shirley Alpharetta Mitchell A T Jones Sale City Monroe G 0 Persons Forsyth Monroe Ben F Hill F orsy th Montgomery D S McArthur Lumber City Morgan Paul M Atkinson Madison Murray S A Brown Eton Muscogee J J Slade Columbus Muscogee E Wohlwender Columbus Newton L L Middlebrooks Covington Oconee J P Elder Farmington Oglethorpe J P Armistead Crawford County Name Postoffice Pickens Paulding Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Richmond Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Spalding Stewart Stephens Sumter Sumter Talbot Taliaferro Tattnall Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Thomas Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Troup Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Walton Ware J T Atherton Tate G W Helms Dallas R G Mitchell Jr Blackshear J F Redding Barnesville E S Ault Cedartown Z V Peacock Cochran A S Reid Eatonton T W Oliver Georgetown 0 E Cannon Clayton W T Rogers Coleman Wallace B Pierce Augusta Sam F Garlington Augusta J R Littleton Augusta J W Cowan Conyers C R McCrory Ellaville H S White Syl vania Jos D Boyd Griffin A R Wright Renfroes Fermor Barrett Toccoa J E Sheppard Americus F W Griffin Americus W M Parker Prattsburg J R Kendrick Sharon J L Kennedy Manassas M W Smith Claxton J T Childs Butler S J Meadows Helena M H Marshall Jr Dawson W I MacIntyre Thomasville J B Stubbs Ochlochnee M L Cook Boston W H Hendricks Tifton Silas B Meadows Vidalia J F Johnson Hiawassee W T Tuggle LaGrange Hatton Lovejoy LaGrange J W Henderson Sycamore H F Griffin Jeffersonville T N Berry Blairsville W Y Allen Thomaston J E Rosser LaFavette B J Edwards Monroe J W Smith Monroe S F Miller W ay cross 69 County Name Postoffiee Warren J M English Warrenton Washington B D Joiner Tennille W ashington Iverson Lord Tennille Wayne Ben Milikin Jesup Webster C C Tracey Preston White J H Alley Nacoochee Whitfield M C Tarver Dalton Wilcox D M Harvey Pineview Wilkes R Barksdale Washington Wilkes F G Booker W ashington W ilkinson G H Carswell Irwinton W orth 1 mm i i i i Fh O o Svlvester 70 Standing Committees OF THE House of Representatives STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE HOUSE ACADEMY FOR THE BLIND Calbeck Chairman Paulk ViceChairman Woodliff Minter Joiner Bagley Berry Rogers Jones of Laurens Wood McConnell Kicklighter Watkins Turner Atherton Meadows of Telfair Carter Walters Whiteley Holder of Floyd Beasley Tracey Evans Godley Griffin of Twiggs Buxton Ellison Persons Cannon Howell Couch Waddell AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION Persons Chairman Anderson of Bulloch ViceChairman Ellis Ault Carswell Kennedy Barrett Grillis Meadowy of Telfair Fullbright Lewis MacIntyre Mitchell Paulk Hall Baker Chandler Johnson of Bartow Alexander of DeKalb Beasley Jones of Meriwether Davis Lawrence Hardeman of Jefferson Pierce Hardman of Jackson Holtzclaw Reid of Macon Wight Love joy Alexander of Fulton McArthur Reid of Campbell Rosser McElreath Brown of Carroll Butt Burch 74 APPROPRIATIONS Jones of Meriwether Chairman Carswell ViceChairman Boyd Stovall Parker of Talbot Converse Tuggle MacIntyre Jones of Mitchell McCurry Ault English Tarver Paulk Kirby Ford McMahan Reid of Putnam Baker Atkinson Smith of Walton Buxton Hhiie Griffin of Sumter Brinson of Decatur Meadows of Toombs Brinson of Emanuel Daniell Brown of Fulton Hardman of Jackson Ellis Brown of Carroll Lawrence of Chatham Porter Ellison Johnson of Bartow Vinson Beasley Gastley Garlington Oliver Rogers Hubbard Hall Kendrick Guyton Williams Edmondson McConnell Marshall Miller of Ware Gillis Armistead Proctor Kennedy Joiner Anderson of Bulloch Alexander of DeKalb Keith Adams Johnson of Towns Alexander of Fulton Allen Barrett 75 AUDITING Atkinson Chairman Daniell ViceChairman Johnson of Towns Tracey Atherton Ford Tuggle Hall Strong Hllender Edmondson Joiner 76 BANKS AND BANKING Heard Chairman Wight ViceChairman Turner Johnson of Jeff Davis Peacock Atherton Upshaw Kelley Ellison Marshall Hatfield McCarthy Reid of Macon McMichael of Butts Huie Henderson of Irwin Gillis Ford Kennedy Henderson of Turner Fender McMahan Barksdale Bailey Couch Converse Jones of Mitchell Pierce Childs Sheppard McCrory Brinson of Decatur Cordell Simmons Alexander of Fulton Dickson Roberts Beacham Holder of Floyd Middlebrooks Field of DeKalb Meadows of Telfair Booker Tippins Davis Harvey McWhorter CORPORATIONS Butt Chairman Kibby ViceChairman Atkinson Peacock Burch Upshaw Watkins Smith of Gilmer Buxton McConnell Adams Tracey Parker of Decatur Brown of Murray McArthur Davis Lord Pope Keith Helms Field of DeKalb Minter Harrington Milikin McWhorter Whiteley Henderson of Turner Hill Meadows of Telfair Shirley Beacham Turner Hatfield Griffin of Twiggs Carswell Pierce Sheppard Meadows of Toombs McElreath Ellis Kidd Kicklighter Edwards Bagley Faircloth Kelley Wright of Stewart English Fender Booker Miller of Calhoun 78 COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS MacIntyre Chairman o Sheppard ViceChairman Drawdy Simmons McCurry Gillis McMichael of Butts Bailey Wasden Cowan Ford Joiner Paulk Littleton Jones of Laurens Hardman of Jackson Wood Edmondson Beasley McCrory Moore Alexander of Fulton Kendrick Fullbright Smith of Walton Calbeck Simpson Carter Stovall Walters Brown of Henry Barrett Smith of Tattnall Oliver Tuggle Tarver Persons Brown of Carroll Parker of Talbot Strong Elder Waddell Hendricks Atherton Holtzclaw Ellison Harvey Griffin of Sumter Brinson of Decatur Hullender Berry Fields of Crisp MacFarland Culberson Armi stead Bell Holder of Floyd Johnson of Jeff Davis 79 EDUCATION McMichael of Marion Chairman Hill ViceChairman Kirby Parker of Talbot Minter Smith of Gilmer Keith English MacFarland Hnie Turner Mitchell Marshall Pierce Griffin of Sumter Stubbs Meadows of Toombs Jones of Laurens Cordell Moss Harrington Jones of Mitchell Littleton Fields of Crisp Culberson McArthur Wright of Stewart Fender Miller of Ware Johnson of Bartow Bell Paulk Wright of Floyd Parker of Decatur Kennedy Cowan Slade Hubbard Barrett Fullbright Calbeck Armistead Rosser Alexander of DeKalb Brown of Henry Beasley Cannon Stovall Kelley Brown of Murray White of Screven Tarver Kidd MacIntyre Hatfield Chandler Shirley Hendricks Lord Bailey Booker Wood McConnell Persons 80 ENGROSSING Moss Chairman Upshaw ViceChairman Armistead Atkinson Ault Brown of Murray Drawdy Daniell Beach am Guyton Huie Kirby McCarthy McCurry Milikin Moore Tarver Turner ENROLLMENT Stubbs Chairman MacFarland ViceChairman Carswell Kidd Cannon Parker of Talbot McCutchen Edwards Tuggle Hill Williams White of Sc rev McConnell Berry Booker Beasley Vinson Buxton 81 EXCUSE OF MEMBERS Meadows of Toombs Chairman Smith of Walton ViceChairman Jones of Meriwether Bagley Johnson Calbeck Daniell Harvey McElreath Adams Parker of Talbot Booker FORESTRY AND WATERWAYS McArthur Chairman Stovall ViceChairman Beacham Berry Brown of Henry Carter Dickson Elder Ellison Ford Griffin of Twiggs Harvey Helms Hllender Kelly Love joy Meadows of Telfair Mitchell McCrory Rentz Proctor Pope Shirley Smith of Walton Strong Tippins Turnip seed Wright of Stewart English Miller of Ware 82 GAME AND FISH G Arlington Chairman Pope ViceChairman Carter Kennedy Minter Upshaw Marshall Bell Tippins Strong Reid of Putnam Gillis Moore Roberts Tracey Wohlwender Jones of Laurens Kidd Guyton Whiteley Meadows of Telfair English Slade McCnrry Burch Howell Bagley Buxton Keith Calbeck Converse McCutchen Simmons Daniell Childs Walters Ellis Kicldighter Miller of Ware McArthur Milikin Evans Hardman of Jackst GENERAL AGRICULTURE Johnson of Bartow Chairman Reid of Putnam ViceChairman Armistead Joiner Henderson of Irwin McMichaei of Marion Strong Tipping Couch Huie Elder Hardeman of Jefferson Hubbard Tracey Harvey Lawrence Cordell Kidd Watkins Gastley Cowan Buxton Bell Graddick Brinson of Emanuel Proctor Waddell Harrington Smith of Tattnall Brown of Fulton English Keith Griffin of Twiggs Barksdale Boyd Wood Hardman of Jackson Cook Reid of Campbell Childs Griffin of Sumter rinson of Decatur Cannon Minter Reaves Woodliff Godley Parker of Decatur Jones of Mitchell Ault Williams Price McMichaei of Butts Kirby Smith of Gilmer Bagley Shirley Whiteley Rentz McArthur Booker Hatfield AY alters Barrett Jones of Laurens Carter Marshall Henderson of Turner Milikin Daniell Miller of Ware Peacock Vinson GENERAL JUDICIAKY Hall Chairman Brown of Carroll Pierce Chandler Lewis Rosser Lawrence Butt Allen of Upson Sheppard Wohlwender Vinson Moss Alexander of Fulton Anderson of Chatham Reese Holtzclaw Persons Barrett Cureton Ault Tuggle McCutchen Moore Guyton Meadows of Telfair Fields of Crisp McCurry Field of DeKalb Wright of Floyd Miller of Calhoun Ellis Carswell ViceChairman Baker Adams Hardeman of Jefferson Fullbright Alexander of DeKalb Anderson of Bulloch Garlington Beasley McCrory Redding White of Screven McElreath Reid of Campbell Tarver Jones of Meriwether Middlebrooks Love joy Turnipseed Edwards MacIntyre Mitchell Roberts Boyd Burch Faircloth Porter Drawdy Cal beck Graddick MacFarland 86 GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF Huie Chairman Holder of Floyd Price Brown of Henry Reaves Waddell Brinson of Emanuel Miller of Calhoun Alley Oliver Harvey Stnbbs Kidd Wasden Evans Reese Woodliff V iceChairman Williams Bell Ault Smith of Gilmer Culberson Kendrick Edmondson Hatfield Rosser Littleton McCrory Moss Strong Hullender 87 GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM Henderson of Irwin Chairman Vinson ViceChairman Culberson Graddick Jones of Mitchell Carter Kendrick Berry Reaves Cureton Hubbard Oliver Parker of Decatur Moss Price Brown of Henry Paulk Bell Godley Cowan Tarver McConnell Armistead Rosser Kennedy Woodliff Couch Wright of Stewart Williams Heard Beacham Waddell Stovall Holder of Floyd Brown of Murray Hendricks Turner Smith of Walton Howell Rogers Hardman of Jackson Childs Cordell Johnson of Towns Brown of Fulton Cannon Hullender Carswell Dickson Atherton McCutchen Alley Atkinson Kelley English Watkins Keith Joiner Smith of Tattnall Huie Marshall Littleton 88 HALLS AND ROOMS Kendrick Chairman Johnson of Towns ViceChairman Lord Brown of Henry Wasden Hnie MeMichael of Butts Moore Cook Parker of Decatur Marshall Tuggle Baker Burch HYGIENE AND SANITATION Brown of Fulton Chairman Rogers ViceChairman Kennedy Brown of Murray Paulk Alley Berry Reid of Macon Beacham Culberson Wright of Stewart McArthur Cowan Proctor Fender McWhorter Fullbright Henderson of Irwin Butt Booker Davis Littleton Hardman of Jackson Johnson of Towns Rogers Smith of Walton Simpson Stovall Hendricks Turner Brown of Carroll Reid f Campbell Heard Alexander of DeKalb Anderson of Chatham Kirby Simmons 89 IMMIGRATION Fobd Chairman Cowan ViceChairman Bell Harrington Whiteley Oliver Tracey Pope Brown of Carroll Tnrnipseed Couch Boyd Rentz Hubbard Upshaw Minier Brown of Henry McConnell Ellison Miller of Ware Harvey Henderson of Turner Cook Burch Proctor Parker of Talbot Wright of Stewart McMahan Buxton Williams Atkinson Hatfield Godley Walters Griffin of Sumter Kendrick Kicklighter Johnson of Bartow Hardman of Jackson 90 INSURANCE Weight of Floyd Chairman Chandlee ViceChairman Barksdale Davis Reese McMahan Slade Adams Alexander of Fulton Hall Pierce Lawrence Reid of Campbell Anderson of Bulloch Henderson of Irwin Barrett Baker Middlebrooks Lewis Holtzclaw Boyd Converse Griffin of Sumter Burch Cooke McWhorter Armistead Lord Milikin Heard Redding Jones of Meriwether Brown of Carroll McElreath Huie 91 INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS Johnson of Jeff Davis Chairman Watkins ViceChairman Lewis Kicklighter Berry McCutchen Kelley Cook Edwards Marshall Daniell Dickson Henderson of Irwin Meadows of Telfair Porter Waddell Kendrick Atherton Love joy Reid of Campbell Upshaw Shirley Hall Armistead Oliver Jones of Laurens Gastley Redding Wasden Whiteley Holtzclaw Middlebrooks Anderson of Chatham 92 INVALID PENSIONS Milikin Chairman Edmondson ViceChairman Reese Williams Tnggle McArthur Kennedy Davis Booker Harrington Bell Armistead Strong Alexander of DeKalb Oliver Harvey Tippins Carter Tnrnipseed Smith of Walton Converse Holtzclaw Reaves JOURNALS Adams Chairman Ellison ViceChairman Henderson of Turner Boyd Simpson Garlington Slade Howell Beasley McCrory Baker Gastley English Field of DeKalb Wasden LABOR AND LABOR STATISTICS McCarthy Chairman Slade ViceChairman Evans Littleton Calbeck Wright of Flod MacIntyre Brown of Faltn Cook Pope Gastley Rentz Meadows of Toombs McElreath Adams Davis Boyd Carswell Williams Atherton Butt Love joy Baker Woodliff Alexander of Fulton Johnson of Bartow Armistead Kirby Daniell Adams Kicklighter Fields of Crisp Brown of Carroll Persons Heard Fullbright Cannon Atkinson Barrett Wood Field of DeKalb 94 MANUFACTURES Tuggle Chairman Couch ViceChairman Hill Davis Lord Minter Brinson of Emanuel Bell Carter Beasley Cordell Hardman of Jackson Dickson Edwards Porter Simmons Allen Adams Lawrence Reese Wohlwender Holder of Floyd Smith of Walton Roberts Daniell Butt Garlington Barksdale Culberson Meadows of Telfair Fender Boyd Proctor Upshaw Redding Rogers Sheppard Brown of Fulton Evans Pope Simpson Fields of Crisp Field of DeKalb Griffin of Sumter 95 4man f MILITARY AFFAIRS Guyton Chairman Davis ViceChairman Persons McCutchen Wright of Floyd Milikin Wight Pierce Slade Lawrence Field of DeKalb Tnrnipseed Ellis McElreath Reid of Putnam Drawdy Burch Wohlwencler MacIntyre Meadows of Toombs Evans Redding Bailey Moss Gillis MINES AND MINING Hubbard Chairman Cannon ViceChairman Johnson of Towns Berry Alley McElreath Adams Graddick Helms English Cureton Edmondson Moss Butt Bell Smith of Gilmer Atherton Gastley 9b PENITENTIARY Barrett Chairman Boyd ViceChairman Hendricks Carswell McCarthy Jones of Meriwether Atkinson Johnson of Towns Hall Watkins Hllender Smith of Gilmer Johnson of Jeff Davis Daniell Childs Parker of Decatur Holder of Floyd Stubbs Vinson McElreath Tarver Anderson of Bulloch Smith of Walton Heard Cowan Griffin of Twiggs Graddick Proctor Smith of Tattnall Henderson of Irwin Hubbard McMahan Gastley Butt Peacock Reaves Price Ellison Cook Kendrick Williams Woodliff Pope Brown of Henry Pierce Harvey Griffin of Sumter Cannon Wohlwender Moss Howell Paulk Dickson Edmondson Reid of Macon Elder Miller of Calhoun Wright of Floyd Shirley Lord Lewis Drawdy Tippins Waddell 97 Wood Alley Brown of Fulton Fullbright Miller of Ware Beacham Allen Simmons PENSIONS White of Screven Chairman Peacock ViceChairman Lord Rentz Persons Reaves Simpson Roberts McMichael of Butts Watkins Whiteley Elder Gastley Middlebrooks Jones of Lanrens Hubbard Cannon Bagley Hill Kendrick McMahan Cook Kicklighter Godley McCarthy Buxton Price Walters Auit Simmons Redding Henderson of Turner McWhorter Beazley Brinson of Decatur Woodliff 98 PUBLIC PROPERTY Keith Chairman Price ViceChairman Middlebrooks Davis Calbeck Fnllbright Pierce McMahan Ellison Lawrence Hall Lovejoy Brown of Carroll Jones of Meriwether Camion Bntt Hill Harvey Tracey Ellis Rosser Boyd Reese Anderson of Chatham PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS Barksdale Chairman Faircloth ViceChairman Holtzclaw McMichael of Butts Heard Converse Harrington Chandler Butt Simpson Drawdy Proctor Harvey Griffin of Sumter Vinson Tippins Strong Reid of Macon Fields of Crisp Culberson Anderson of Chatham Smith of Walton Roberts Holder of Floyd Baker Parker of Decatur Wohlwender 99 PRIVILEGES OP THE FLOOR Turner Chairman Carter ViceChairman Wasden PUBLIC LIBRARY Allen Chairman McCurry ViceChairman Reid of Campbell Hllender Couch Godley Watkins Hall Proctor Middlebrooks Garlington Smith of Walton Cook Kirby Couch Chandler Parker of Decatur Wight Oliver Vinson PUBLIC PRINTING McCutchen Chairman Beasley ViceChairman Persons Guyton McMichael of Marion Love joy Hardeman of Jefferson Stubbs Turner Evans Allen 100 RAILROADS Parker of Talbot Chairman Alexander of Fulton ViceChairman McCutchen Wasden Ford Love joy Keith Hill Hllender Hardeman of Jefferson McCurry Shirley Brinson of Decatur Jones of Laurens Evans Dickson Pope Allen Reaves Heard MacIntyre Simpson Griffin of Twiggs Moore Drawdy Brown of Fulton Rentz Smith of Tattnall Davis Brown of Murray Fender Sheppard Slade Reese Barrett Barksdale Boyd McArthur Brown of Carroll Bagley Rosser McCarthy Henderson of Irwin Price Garlington Upshaw Porter Wood Cook Lewis Wight Tuggle Reid of Macon Converse Helms McMichael of Butts Miller of Calhoun Beacham Faircloth Fields of Crisp Hendricks Henderson of Turner Wright of Floyd Peacock jnderson of Chatham Butt 101 REFORMATORIES Slade Chairman Tuggle ViceChairman Hardman of Jackson Alexander of DeKalb Wright of Floyd White of Screven Ellis Jones of Meriwether Reid of Campbell Persons Tuggle Barrett Ault Brown of Fulton Littleton Sheppard Middlebrooks McConnell Tracey Hendricks Kendrick Stovall Reid of Putnam Hlowell Brown of Carroll MacIntyre Beasley Meadows of Toombs Simmons Harrington Fender Price Hardeman of Jefferson Joiner Heard Woodliff McMahan 102 ROADS AND BRIDGES Ault Chairman Tracey ViceChairman Edmondson Faircloth English Minier Porter Beacham Moore Childs Harrington Kelly Converse Brown of Fulton Howell Waddell Cook Davis Joiner Fender Booker Smith of Gilmer Rentz Whiteley Field of DeKalh Helms McCutchen Pierce Evans Wood Simmons Graddick Bagley Brinson of Emanuel Culberson Hendricks Milikin McWhorter Bailey RULES Holder ExOfficio Chairman Anderson of Chatham ViceChairman Alexander of DeKalb Ellis Reid of Campbell Bntt Jones of Meriwether MacIntyre Barksdale Hardeman of Jefferson Slade Persons 103 SPECIAL AGRICULTURE Williams Chairman Jones of Mitchell ViceChairman Brinson of Emanuel Woodliff Simmons Cook Childs Parker of Decatur Brown of Murray Kicklighter Berry Alley Roberts Walters Faircloth Howell Burch MacFarland Godley Simpson Lord Price Tracey Sheppard Meadows of Toombs Paulk Atkinson Holder of Floyd Hatfield Graddick Gillis Miller of Ware Reese Reaves Brown of Carroll Barrett SPECIAL JUDICIARY Ftjllbright Chairman Porter ViceChairman Wight Calbeck Moore Conch Cordell Slade Allen Stnbbs Brown of Murray Moss Mitchell Reese Tuggle Converse Tarver Strong Gillis Chandler Peacock Henderson of Turner Roberts Alexander of Fulton Dickson Brown of Carroll Adams Faircloth Bailey Alley Drawdy Cowan Edmondson Guyton Lewis Hill Turnipseed Sheppard Wohlwender White of Screven McElreath Anderson of Bulloch Lawrence Fields of DeKalb Upshaw Redding Graddick Howell Brinson of Emanuel Ellison Meadows of Telfair Miller of Ware Simpson Pope Holder of Floyd Waddell Fender Butt Barrett 105 STATE OF THE REPUBLIC Reid of Macon Chairman Miller of Calhoun ViceChairman Jones of Meriwether Buxton Walters Waddell Roberts Mitchell McMahan Littleton Alexander of Fulton Griffin of Twiggs Carswell Drawdy Brinson of Emanuel McWhorter Gillis Moore Converse Garlington Beazley Kidd 106 TEMPERANCE Hardman of Jackson Chairman Lovejoy ViceChairman Sheppard Kendrick Rosser Watkins Lawrence Guyton Price Brown of Murray Broym of Pulton Ellis Daniell Rodgers Brinson of Decatur Huie Edwards Tippins Tuggle Cowan Griffin of Twiggs Heard Atkinson Fair cloth Chandler Atherton Davis Milikin Alexander of DeKalb Pender Carswell Slade Waddell Peacock Wright of Floyd McConnell Redding Walters Keith Ford Brown of Henry Cook Paulk Williams Jones of Mitchell Harrington Reid of Putnam Elder Fullbright Marshall Upshaw Minter McArthur Kennedy Wright of Stewart Couch McCutchen McMichael of Butts 107 UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA AND ITS BRANCHES McMahan of Clarke Chairman Baker ViceChairman Hubbard Gastley Kirby Porter Chandler Stovall Lawrence McWhorter Atkinson McConnell Miller of Calhoun Alley Slade Anderson of Bulloch Armistead MacIntyre Woodliff Hardman of Jackson Hendricks Butt Cureton Smith of Gilmer Brinson of Emanuel McCrory McCarrjr Williams Johnson of Towns Edwards Elder Fullbright Cannon White of Screven Beasley Smith of Tattnall Godley Moss Huie 108 WAYS AND MEANS Reid of Campbell Chairman McElreath ViceChairman Love joy Henderson of Irwin Heard Lord McMichael of Marion Carter Baker Littleton Sheppard Stubbs Minter Moss Field of DeKalb Johnson of Jeff Davis Wright of Stewart McCutchen Strong Rosser Atherton Hendricks Simmons Holder of Floyd Faircloth Miller of Calhoun Chandler Barrett Bell Cordell Jones of Laurens Edwards Turner MacFarland Anderson Wright of Floyd Reese Persons Slade Helms Davis Bagley Childs McCrory Kelley Hardman of Jackson Barksdale Couch Reid of Macon Upshaw Wight Smith of Tattnall McWhorter Fender White Fullbright Price Hardeman of Jefferson Pope Kidd Bailey Holtzclaw 109 W A RAILROAD Alexander of DeKalb Chairman Rosser ViceChairman Atherton Wight Couch Ault Hllender Reese Price Hill Baker Parker of Decatur Stubbs Huie Henderson of Turner Cowan Parker of Talbot Watkins Alley Beasley Wright of Floyd Armistead Waddell Wright of Stewart Miller of Ware Turnipseed Johnson of Jeff Davis Reid of Putnam McMahan Hall Godley Field of DeKalb Cureton Slade Brown of Murray Rogers Jones of Mitchell McElreath of Fulton Milikin MacFarland MacIntyre Elder Tarver Hubbard Marshall Calbeck Helms Peacock Booker Edmondson Atkinson Porter Berry Woodliff Kendrick WILD LANDS Drawdy Chairman Hllender ViceChairman Miller of Ware McWhorter Fields of Crisp Howell Wasden Helms Garlington Woodliff Reid of Campbell Alexander of DeKalb Baker Cureton McMahan Moore Hall Boyd Hardman of Jackson Fender Lord McCnrry MacFarland Hardeman of Jefferson Brown of Henry Cordell Henderson of Turner Alley Wight Johnson of Towns Rentz Mitchell Butt Peacock Jones of Meriwether Tuggle Ill A CODE OF Parliamentary Law IN FORCE IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA PREPARED BY LOUIS F GARRARD The Use of this Volume is Respectfully Dedicated to the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia Adopted as the Rules of the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia 11th Day of November 1888 a Code of Parliamentary Law THE SPEAKER Rule 1 The Speaker shall in his discretion suspend irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may deem it needful Rule 2 In all cases of election by the House the Speaker shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless the House be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the Speaker shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member Rule 3 When two or more members shall rise at the same time the Speaker shall name tho person entitled to proceed Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House Rule 5 The method of stating a question or any motion by the Speaker after the same has been read to the House by the Clerk shall be as follows All in favor of the motion wTl say Aye Those opposed wril say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the Speaker or a division of the House is called for by any one member of the House the Speaker shall call upon the members in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their positions and the Speaker shall announce the result Rule 6 The Speaker may during a days sitting name any member to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer 115 Discretion of Speaker When Speaker shall vote Right of member to the floor to be decided by the Speaker Speaker to appoint committees Methods of stating a question by Speaker Speaker may name members to preside Duty of Clerk when Speaker is absent Appeals from ruling of the Speaker When no debate on appeals Appeals to be made at once When members may address the House Power of Speaker to suspend subordinate officers Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the Speaker shall be absent the Speaker pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Clerk of the House shall call the House to order and shall preside until a Speaker pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the House The Speaker pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease Rule S Should any member of the House be dissatisfied with the ruling of the Speaker on any point he shall rise and respectfully address the Speaker and say I appeal from the decision of the Chair The Speaker will then state to the House the point ruled on and his decision on it and shall then put the question of appeal to the House as follows All in favor of the decision of the Chair standing as the sense of this House will say Aye Those opposed will say No and the decision of the House in sustaining or overruling the Speaker shall be final Rule 9 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate Rule 10 All appeals from the decision o the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made Rule 11 Where debate is permissible on appeals from the decision of the Chair any member after being recognized by the Speaker may address his remarks directly to the House Rule 12 The Speaker shall have power to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the House within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the House may see fit to take in the premises Rule 13 The Speaker shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the House cleared by the Messenger 116 and Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the House to be dealt with for contempt of the House Rule 14 When less than a quorum vote on any subject under consideration by the House the Speaker may order the bar of the House to be closed and the roll of members called by the Clerk and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the House and if any member present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the House Rule 15 The Speaker may at any time order the roll called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays where a division of the House discloses the fact that a quorum of the House has not voted Rule 16 All questions as to the priority of business to be acted on shall be decided by the Speaker without debate ON DECORUM AND DEBATE Rule 17 When any member is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the House he shall rise from his seat and respectfully address himself to Mr Speaker He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject or more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any member in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the House the Speaker shall call him to order in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The House shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the House be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offence shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the House by a twothirds vote of the members which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays and recorded on the Journal of the House 117 When Speaker may order galleries and lobbies cleared No qoram voting duty of Speaker When Speaker may order vote taken by yeas and nays 1 Decision on questions of priority Conduct of members in debate Appeals Expulsion See ule 147 Exception to words spoken Proviso Silence Mode of designating members House how addressed Questions and interruptions Shall not vote when interested in result Rule 18 If any member be called to order for words spoken the words excepted to shall be taken dowm in writing by the Clerk and read then admitted denied or explained by the member who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the House may deem proper in regard thereto Provided that if at the time the House is acting under the previous question such question of order and other proceedings referred to shall not be taken up for decision until after the previous question and the main question have been exhausted or until such further time as may then be ordered by the House But no member shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the House for words spoken in debate if any other member has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken Rule 19 The members of the House shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking member shall have taken his seat Rule 20 The members shall avoid naming each other when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the place in which they may be or the county they represent Rule 21 No member shall address the House except as heretofore stated in case of appeals or interrogate a member who is speaking except through the Speaker and should the member speaking decline to be interrupted the Speaker shall cause the member desiring to interrogate to be silent Rule 22 No member shall vote upon any question in the result of which he is immediately and particularly inteiested or in any case where he was not present when the question being voted on was put to the House except by permission of the House in every case where the seat of a member is being contested the sitting member and the contestant shall both retire from the House before the vote is taken 118 Rule 23 Any member may enter a protest in writing against the action of the House said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the House nor of any member thereof and sufch protest shall be entered by the Clerk upon the Journal of the House Rule 24 No member shall smoke in the House nor shall he converse with any one over the bar thereof Rule 25 No member shall pass between the Chair and a member while he is speaking nor shall any member at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the Speaker retires Rule 26 No member shall in debate refer to any private conversation had with another member or to any matters which have transpired in any committee or in the Senate Rule 27 In nominating candidates for any office no laudatory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate be disparaged Rule 28 Applause or hisses in the Representative chamber or in the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed Rule 29 During the calling or reading of yeas and nays on any question no debate shall be had Rule 30 No member can make more than one motion at a time and while the motion is being put to the House he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the Speaker Rule 31 On all questions except such as are not debatable any member on the call of the ayes and nays shall as a matter of right be allowed three minutes in which to explain his vote Where the vote on any question is not taken by ayes and nays no member shall be allowed to explain except by unanimous consent of the House No motion shall be entertained to vary this rule nor to extend a members time for explaining 119 Protests Smoking and conversation prohibited Duty while member is speaking and at adjournment Matters transpiring in Senate Committees and private conversation not to be referred to Lauditory and disparaging remarks when forbidden Applause and hisses forbidden No debate during yeas and nays Only one motion can be made at a time Explana tion Reading of papers When members shall vote Motion to excuse when made Excuses from vpting Call for a division Division how made Qualifying paragraph exception and proviso Strike out and insert not divisible Call of counties Rule 32 When the reading of any paper is called for and the same is objected to by any member it shall be determined by a vote of the House and this motion shall be decided without debate Rule 33 Every member within the hall when a question is put shall vote unless he is immediately and particular interested therein or the House shall excuse him A motion to excuse a member from voting must be made before the House divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decided without debate except that the member making the motion may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail Rule 34 No member shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then move to table the bill resolution or motion or move the previous question thereon without relinquishing the floor DIVISION OF A QUESTION Rule 35 Any member may call for a division of the question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it Rule 36 The member calling for a division must state into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by themselves and be consistent and entire Rule 37 A qualifying paragraph an exception or a proviso if taken from that to which it belongs would not contain a distinct or entire proposition Rule 38 A motion to strike out and insert is an indivisible proposition BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Rule 39 The Clerk shall on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call the counties for the introduction of new matter beginning alternately at the first and last of the alphabet 120 Rule 40 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the Bills and order in which they stand on the calendar and before read canedin ing any bill or resolution the second or third time the Clerk proviSo shall distinctly state its number and the name of the member by whom introduced provided that House and Senate bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up for a second reading except by request of the authors of such bill or resolution or some member of the House provided that the General Tax Bill and the General Appropriation Bill shall take precedence on third reading over all other matters even Special Orders until the said Bills shall have been finally disposed oR Rule 41 Every motion to suspend the rules for the purpose of taking up bills or resolutions out of their regular order and every motion to make special orders shall except by the unanimous consent of the House be submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the House Rule 42 It shall be in order to introduce bills or other BillSj etc matter upon the call of the counties without any previous notice having been given for that purpose Rule 43 No debate shall be admitted upon any No debate Bill at the first reading Upon the introduction of any reading Bill or Resolution or other matter requiring reference to a Committee the Speaker shall as a matter of course and without debate commit the same to the proper committee unless otherwise ordered by the House In case of En grossment of any Bill or other matter the entry thereof shall be made by the Clerk and the Bill or other favorable matter shall not be amendable thereafter unless sub committee sequently committed In cases where the report of a committee is favorable to the passage of a bill the port of same shall be read a second time and passed to a commit ee third reading without question Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing 121 Bills when withdrawn Transmission to Senate by majority vote Bills when printed Committee of the Whole House See Rule 107 et al Bills and resolutions to be in writing How indorsed Reports of committees order of action to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall belost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the House Rule 44 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to the Senate on the day of the passage thereof unless twothirds of the members present shall so order Rule 45 No bill shall be printed until after the same has been reported to the House by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the House agreeing thereto Rule 46 All proceedings touching the appropriating of money shall be considered in the Committee of the Whole House Rule 47 All bills and resolutions shall be in writing and shall have the name of the member introducing the same as well as the county he represents indorsed on the back of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same Rule 48 Where a bill or a resolution has been referred and reported by more than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the House and in all cases the report of the Committee of the Whole House shall be first acted on by the House Rule 49 The Committee on Rules during the last seven days of each session shall arrange and fix a calendar for each days business and such calendar shall be a standing and continuing Special Order during said period and no matter shall be taken up or acted on otherwise than in the order fixed by such calendar except by unanimous consent of the House Order of precedence PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS Rule 50 When any subject is before the House for 122 consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following to wit 1st Motion to adjourn 2d A motion to lay on table 3d A motion for the previous question 4th A motion to adjourn to a time definite 5th A motion to postpone indefinitely 6th A motion to postpone to a day certain 7th A motion to commit 8th A motion to amend Which said motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand as above arranged MOTION TO ADJOURN Rule 51 A motion to adjourn is in no instance debatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the House A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended Rule 52 A motion to adjourn to a particular day or for a particular time if made when the House is not actually engaged in other business is debatable Rule 53 The motion to adojurn can be made at any time when the member moving it can legitimately obtain the floor Rule 54 A motion to adjourn may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Clerk has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one member has been given or after a division of the House has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced Rule 55 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the House to the next sitting day or time in course Not debatable when may be renewed Wuen debatable When made When not in order Effect of adjournment 123 Hour of adjournment What business postpone Amendment or substitute cannot be laid on table How matters may be taken from table Effect of vote to table Effect of vote to take from table No motion to table in order until rollcall is completed Rule 56 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the House is being taken by yeas and nays the session shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the House is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the House shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE Rule 57 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on the table shallbe in order Rule 58 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the table at any time when the House is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been orderedto lie on the table and when so taken up the same is thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar Rule 59 If the motion to lay on the table prevails it removes from the consideration of the House the measure together with all the motions attached to it at the time it is so disposed of Rule 60 When the proposition is again taken from the table it stands before the House in the exact form with all the motions pertaining to it just as it did at the time the motion to lay on thetable prevailed Rule 61 After a yea and nay vote is called on any bill or resolutionthe House not acting at the time under the previous questionand one vote has been recorded no motion to table shall be in order until the rollcall shall have been completed When any bill or resolution is tabled after the completion of the rollcall and then taken from the table nothing can be done except to announce the result of said vote as shown by said rollcall at the time said bill or resolution was tabled 124 Rule 62 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes Rule 63 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable Rule 64 No member having obtained the floor shall be allowed to submit a motion then move to lay that motion on the table nor shall he be allowed to yield the floor to any other member in order for said member to whom the floor is so yielded to move to lay the motion of the member yielding on the table Rule 65 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again Rule 66 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted on the main question shail be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION Rule 67 The motion for the previous question shall be decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except a motion to adjourn or to lay on the table but neither of said motions shall be made but once until after the previous question has been exhausted and when it is moved the question shall be Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority of a quorum in the affirmative and the next question to wit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum all other motions will be out of order and the House cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives Rule 68 When the previous question has been ordered the House shall then proceed to act on the main question without deabte except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration 125 When renewed Not debatable or amendable Member cannot move to table his own motion What can be tabled When in order Effect of previous question Twenty minutes debate allowed Vote how taken Effect of main question being ordered Reconsideration when in order Contested election How called and ordered to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such members as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule This rule shall not be construed to allow the twenty minutes above referred to to be used but once on any bill or measure and then on the final passage of the bill or measure Rule 69 After the main question is ordered any member may call for a division of the House in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays if the call for the yeas and nays is sustained by onefifth of the members voting the vote shall be taken by the yeas and nays and so entered oil the Journal Rule 70 The effect of the order that the main question be now put is to bring the House to a vote on pend ing questions in the order in which they stood before it was moved Rule 71 After the main question has been ordered excepting one motion to reconsider the action in ordering the main question no motion to reconsider shall be in order until after the vote on the main question is taken and announced Rule 72 In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any question if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report Rule 73 The previous question may be called and ordered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its passage or rejection 126 JFtule 74 A call of the House shall not be in order after n tne previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon 5 an actual count by the Speaker that a quorum is not present order Rule 75 All incidental questions of order arising after a Questions motion is made for the previous question and pending such of order motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE Rule 76 When a bill resolution or other measure is Effect under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session Rule 77 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open Not amenda the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended ble 78 While the motion to indefinitely postpone takes when canprecedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to gjidbe ap 1 commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motionsnor can it be applied to incidental questionssuch as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule Rule 79 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be re Not renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the newe same has been voted down MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN Rule 80 The motion to postpone a bill resolution or other measure uO a day certain when decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum removes the subject from before the House until the time designated and makes it a privileged question for that day so selected Rule 81 If the motion to postpone a bill a resolution or Effect of other measure is decided in the negative it leaves the ques gfative tion before the House as it was before the motion was made and it cannot be moved a second time on same day or at the same stage of the proceeding 127 man May be amended To a day beyond the sessionm Debate when and how allowed Motion how applied Motion to commit Precedence of When debatable How amended Rule 82 This motion to postpone to a day certain may be amended by substituting one day for another In this case the time would be treated as a blank and the Speaker should treat these propositions as he would those to fill blanks Rule 83 If a day designated is known to be beyond the session the Speaker shall treat the motion as though it had been a motion to indefinitely postpone the subject Rule 84 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another It shall be the duty of the Speaker to hold members rigidly to these points Rule 85 This motion cannot be applied to subordinate or incidental questions but must be applied to the whole bill resolution or other measure before the House and when it prevails it carries forward the whole proposition and its appendages to the day named MOTIONS TO COMMIT Rule 86 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee or committee of the whole House Rule 87 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on but where a motion is made that a bill resolution or other measure be committed to the committee of the whole House this motion shall be put before either of the above namedmotions Rule 88 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated Rule 89 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the member making the motion 128 Rule 90 Any proposition that has been referred to any Motiont committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitrecommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum MOTIONS TO AMEND Rule 91 There are three ways in which a proposition may be amended to wit made 1st By inserting or adding words 2d By striking out words 3d By striking out and inserting words An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Rule 92 A substitute is simply an amendment it is in Substitute effect a motion to strike out all after the enacting clause of a bill or the word Resolved in a resolution and insert that offered as a substitute Rule 93 When a bill or resolution is before the House Bin nret for consideration and amendments are pending thereto and thethed a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an substltute amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the House to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may be by substitute Rule 94 An amendment cannot be offered after the when too report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or Lmend resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the House unless said action of the House in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Rule 95 All motions to amend any matterbefore the Must be in House must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly writingset forth the amendemnt desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added 129 Priority Blanks Caption when amended Amending by sections Amendments by striking out ana inserting Priority of Amendment to perfect Amending Senate Amendments See rule 136 Priority Rule 96 On all questions whether in committee or in the House the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put Rule 97 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amend Rule 98 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected Rule 99 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the House shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Clerk in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Clerk without any motion being made in the House and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it Rule 100 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and inserting the Clerk shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended Rule 101 When a motion is made to amend by striking out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out Rule 102 When any bill or resolution which originated in the House has been amended in the Senate and is before the House for action on the Senate amendment an amendment may be offered in the House to the Senate amendment but the House amendment to the Senate amendment can not be further amended it ipust be agreed to or voted down Rule 103 A motion to amend an amendment made by the Senate to the House bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment 130 Rule 104 The questions which arise before the House respecting amendments by the Senate to a House bill or resolution are 1st A motion to agree to the Senate amendment 2d A motion to disagree to the Senate amendment 3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment 4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment 5 th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment They take precedence in the above order RECONSIDERATION Rule lOo When the Journal of the preceding dav shall Motion to be read it shall be in the power of any member whether reconsi er said member previously voted in the affirmative or negative on the matter sought to be reconsidered to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter as has been previously reconsidered provided such member shall notify the House of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed Rule 106 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall not Shall nat be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it daS might originally have been made when Rule 107 No matter shall be reconsidered more than Once reconsider ation Rule 108 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order when in immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the orcer day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action Rule 109 The action of the House upon an amendment Amendmay be reconsidered at any time before final action qpon when rethe section bill or resolution to which it relates Prioriyt of questions on Senate amendments 131 Place of calendar When ordered by Speaker See rule 44 When ordered by the House How formed Proceed ings Rule in committee Debate how closed Rule 110 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third reading COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE HOUSE Rule 111 The Speaker may resolve the House into a Committee of the Whole without a motion being made therefor whenever a bill or resolution shall be in order for consideration on its third reading before the House which is required by the rules of this House to be considered in the Committee of the Whole Rule 112 The House may resolve itself into a Committee of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on motion of a member made for that purpose Rule 113 In forming a Committee of the Whole House the Speaker shall leave the chair and a Chairman to preside in committee shall be appointed by the Speaker Rule 114 In the Committee of the Whole bills shall be first read throughout by the Clerk and then again be read or debated by clauses or sections leaving the preamble to be last considered unless otherwise ordered Rule 115 The Rules of the House shall be observed by the Committee of the Whole so far as they may be applicable except that it can not refer a matter to any other committee it can not adjourn the previous question can not be enforced a motion to lay on the table or indefinitely postpone shall not be in order a member may speak as often as he may obtain the floor no call of the House shall be in order nor shall any vote be taken by yeas and nays Rule 116 If at any time in the Committee of the Whole it shall be desired to close the debate or to limit the time to be allowed members for speaking the committee may rise and report its desire to the House and the House shall take such action thereon as it may see fit by a resolution agreed for that purpose said resolution shall apply only to the subjectmatter before said committee and when said resolution has been agreed to or refused by the House the 132 action of the House shall be deemed the sense of the committee and the House may then on motion again resolve itself into Committee of the Whole and continue the consideration of the subject Rule 117 In the event that a Committee of the Whole House at any sitting shall for want of time fail to complete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time in the committee made rise report progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain Rule 118 A motion that the committee rise and report progress and ask leave to sit again can be made at any time when the mover thereof can legitimately obtain the floor and shall take precedence over all other motions and shall be decided without debate and when it prevails the committee shall immediately rise Rule 119 A motion to reconsider shall be in order in Committee of the Whole Rule 120 The Committee of the Whole shall not proceed withthe business before it whenever a vote on any question shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum is not present the Chairman of the committee shall satisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the committee and report the same to the committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of the absence of a quorum to the House Rule 121 The Speaker may in Committee of the Whole take part in the proceeding and he as well as all other members shall vote on all questions before the committee unless excused therefrom and no pairing of members shall be recognized Or allowed in the Committee of the Whole Rule 122 Amendments proposed by the Committee of the Whole may be amended or rejected by the House and matters stricken out by the committee mav be restored by the House Time of how eS tended Motion to rise etc Reconsid eration Duty of when no quorum is present All members shall vote unless excused Amend ments 133 Disorderly conduct reported Chairman may order galleries cleared Proceedings of when business before it is finished Record Papers may be1 called for Report shall contain result of committees action Rule 123 A Committee of the Whole House can not punish disorderly conduct of its members but must report the same to the House for actiop thereon Rule 124 The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole shall have power to have the galleries or lobbies cleared in case of any disorderly conduct therein Rule 125 When the Committee of the Whole have disposed of the bill resolutions oi other measures before it by motion and question it shall rise and the Chairman will be instructed to report the action of the committee to the House At this point the Speaker will resume his seat and the Chairman will return to the floor and will state in substance as follows Mr Speaker the Committee of the Whole House have had under consideration naming what and have instructed me as their Chairman to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that the same do pass or do pass as amended or do not pass as the case may be The Speaker will receive this report and repeat the same and the matter will then be before the House for action just as though reported by any other committee Rule 126 The proceedings of the Committee of the Whole shall not be recorded in the Journal of the House except so far as reported to the House by the Chairman of said committee Rule 127 When in the Committee of the Whole any papers in the possession of the House may be called for by any member and read by the Clerk for the information of the committee unless the committee shall otherwise order Rule 128 Amendments offered to an amendment in the Committee of the Whole shall not be reported to the House but the report shall contain only the result of the committees action on the bill resolution or measure under consideration before it 134 ABSENTEES Rule 129 The rollcall at the opening of each session of the House shall not be dispensed with except by a threefourths vote of the members present Rule 130 Upon the call of all the members ordinary and extraordinarythe names of the absentees shall be noted by the Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal And it shall be the duty of the Clerk to keep a separate list of the absentees from each days proceedings which list shall be entered upon the Journal and shall show which of said absentees are absent without leave and of those absent with leave which are absent for providential causes and which for business reasons which said separate list shall be read in the House with the Journal upon which the same is entered The Clerk shall also keep in a book accessible to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave the names of all such absentees noting such as are absent without leave and the members so absent without leave unless excused by the House shall not be entitled to draw pav for the time they are so absent It shall be the duty of the Committee on Auditing to inquire into the matter before passing upon any members account Excuses of members absent without leave shall be submitted to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave and the recommendation of some member of said committee shall be necessary to have said excuse allowed by the House COMPELLING ATTENDANCE Rule 131 The power to compel the attendance of members in order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall be allowed to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House Morning rollcall dispensed with by three fourths vote Names of absentees noted Duty of Auditing Committee Excuse of members Power to compel attendance 135 Sergeant atarms Call how ordered Subsequent Proceedings What is a quorum Compelling attendance Oath of members The Messenger of the House shall be ex officio Sergeantat Arms of the House and on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them before the House when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid CALL OF THE HOUSE Rule 132 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present or when the Speaker shall officially state the fact to the House it shall be in order for any member to make a motion for a call of the House and when this motion is made theSpeaker shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the House prevail and if fifteen of the members present shall vote in the affirmative the Speaker shall order the Clerk to call the roll of members and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the members present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by the officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the House shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged CONSTITUTIONAL RULES Rule 133 A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4 Rule 134 Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation to wit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5 136 Rule 135 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14 Rule 136 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6 Rule 137 Mo bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12 Rule 13S Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act of resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21 Rule 139 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in cases of actual invasion or insurrection The first and second reading of local bills shall be by titles only The third reading of local bills must be full and complete Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7 Rule 149 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10 Rule 141 No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8 Majority required to pass bill Yeas and nays order by onefifth of members present Bill or resolutions appropriating money must pass by yeas and nays Constitutional twothirds vote taken by yeas and nays Reading of bills Revenue bills One subject matter etc 137 An amendment to laws and sections of Code General laws how varied Consent and when required Coipora tions Power delegoied to courts Relief of recognizance What the general appropriation bill shall contain Other appropriations by separate bills Rule 142 No law or section of the Code shall be amend ed or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17 Rule 143 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provisions have been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the consent in writing ofall persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disabilityto contract is capable of such consent Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1 Rule 144 The Ceneral Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change election precincts nor establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by daw the manner in which such power shall be exercised by the courts Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18 Rule 145 The General Assembly shall have no power torelieve principles or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer Art 3 Sec 7 Par 19 Rule 146 The General Appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government paying of the public debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All 138 other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9 Rule 147 Neither House shall adjourn for morethan three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them Art 3 Sec 7 Par 24 Rule 14S All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives Whpn the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1 Rule 149 No bill or ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of a law w hich shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13 Rule 150 The General Assembly meets annually on the fourth Wednesday in June and the House and Senate are called to order at 10 oclock a m The Annual sessions are limited to fifty days Art 3 Sec 4 Par 6 Rule 151 Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine or imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1 Adjournments 1 Elections Rejected bills again considered by a twothirds vote Session limited to fifty days Elections disorderly conduct Expulsion by twothirds vote 139 Signature of Governor when required Governors veto Effect of twothirds vote thereon When Governor must approve Effect of twothirds vote Twothirds vote required Twothirds vote required on amendments to Constitution Rule 152 No provision of this Constitution for a twothirds vote of both Rouses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case excpt in the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly Art 2 Sec 7 Par 23 Rule 153 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16 Rule 154 Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrenc of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be passed by twothirds of each House Art 5 Sec 1 Par 17 Rule 155 No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly Art 11 Sec 1 Par 4 Rule 156 Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses 140 such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their Jouraals with the yeas and nays taken thereon and the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall provide for submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at the said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same t me they shall be so submitted as t enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1 Rule 157 No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change the Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on the population as near as practicable Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2 Rule 158 The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out of the treasury of the State salaries not to exceed four thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to xeceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect those now in office The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries 141 Two thirds vote required to call a convention How called Salaries of Judges changed by or an 0r aove officers but no such changes shall a two affect the officers then in commission thirds vote Ktice of Rule 159 No local or special bill shall be passed unless speciajnd notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been KuCdti published in the locality where the matter or thing to be passage0of affected may be situated which notice shall be given at asme least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the chair by the person through whom it may be sent coSidered door is Pen except while a question is being put or a ballot or a viva voce is being taken A message shall be presented to the House by the Speaker when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the House is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the House day to take up and decide on reports of Committees on Petitions and all petitions shall be numbered as they are received and taken up and disposed of in the order they were received unless otherwise ordered by a majority of a quorum read by the Clerk it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before the decision by consent of the House Art 6 Sec 13 Pars 1 and 2 Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16 MISCELLANEOUS RULES Messages Rule 160 When a message shall be sent to the House of Messages when re Rule 161 Messages may be received at any time while Petitions Rule 162 It shall be the order of the day every Wednes Motions Rule 163 After a motion is stated by the Speaker or 142 Rule 164 Any member presenting a petition memorial Petitions or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate oriab the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading Rule 165 The several standing committees of the House Commitshall have leave to report by bill or otherwise The report tees of the Committee on Rules is in order at any time when the House is not actually engaged in other business Rule 166 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath for Clerkthe true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue in office until another be elected Rule 167 The clerk shall take special care of the books cierk provided for the use of the House Rule 168 The Committee on Enrollment shall carefully Dutiesof compare enrolled bills and resolutions and correcting any er on Enroll6 rors that may be discovered in the enrolled bills or other pa men pers make their report forthwith to their respective Houses Rule 169 The rules of this House known as Constitu Suspension tional rules shall in no case be suspended all other rules ofrulesshall in no case be suspended nor changed nor the order of business be changed except by a vote of threefourths of the members voting Rule 170 Any motion to suspend rules or change the No debate order of business shall be decided without debate Rule 171 Any motion not privileged containing new Motions matter shall lie at least one day on the table agerivi1 Rule 172 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays Record shall have been ordered the Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting Rule 173 When a motion is made by any member it Notnecesshall not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before onlmotion being put to the House 143 Committees how and when enlarged Priviliges of the floor Duty of Committee on Journals Effect of unanimous consent Members to receipt Clerk for books and papers Adjourn ment Rule 174 After the announcement of the standing committee no other members shall be placed thereon except when members have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the Speaker may assign said members to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships Rule 175 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the House except the members and officers thereof the officers and members of the Senate the Governor of the State and the heads of the officers of the Executive Department State house officers and members of the Press actively reporting legislative proceedings exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and solicitorsgeneral in aqtual commission expresiding officers of the House and Senate Judges and DistrictAttorneys of the United States Courts and such others as the House may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on the Privileges of the Floor Rule 176 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the House that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Clerk Rule 177 The Speaker shall not recognize any member at ally time for the purpose of asking unanimous consent for the introduction of new matter nor to read any general Bill the second or third time nor to put any general bill on its passage except during the first 30 minutes after the reading of the Journal provided that this shall not apply to any general bill having only a local application The Speaker shall entertain but one unamimous consent at any one time Rule 178 No member shall take any books or papers from the possession of the House or Clerk without first acquainting the Clerk and giving him a receipt to return the same in a reasonable time or on his demand Rule 179 The hours of the morning sessionsof the House shall be from ten oclock A M to one oclock P M when the House shall stand adjourned until ten oclock 144 A M of the next succeeding day Sundays excepted unless otherwise ordered by the House Rule 180 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate Rule 181 All Acts and joint resolutions shall be signed by Speaker and Clerk and all writs warrants and subpoenas issued by order of the House shall be signed by the Speaker and attested by the Clerk Rule 182 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the House while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the Speaker to execute the demands of the House from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the Speaker Rule 183 The Messenger under the direction of the Clerk shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed to the members he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them Rule 184 No Committee of the Whole or other committee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other paper referred to said committee but shall report any amendment recommended on a separate paper noting thesection page or line to which said amendment relate Rule 185 No pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed as an excuse for not voting Rule 186 Whenever any member moves that a Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the Speaker shall appoint a committee on the part of the House and in such case the committee shall consist of only such members as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the House and if by inadvertence any member be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the House and be excused by the Speaker Rule 187 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the House it may be amended before the report of the 145 Motion for yeas and nays not debatable Signature of Speaker and Clerk Duty of Messenger Messengers duty in distributing documents etc Interlineation forbidden Pairing Committee on conference Amend ments Motion Majority and minority reports What motions lie on Changing votes Questions of privilege Proviso committee is agreed to by the House but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment Rule 188 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first in order Rule 189 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent Rule 190 Every motion for information from the Executive Department shall lie on the table one day Rule 191 On the call of the yeas and nays the Clerk shall read the names of the members after they have been called and no member shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question Rule 192 Questions of privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the House collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of members individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions except a motion to adjourn Provided that when any matter is before the House no question of personal privilege shall be acted on until the pending question shall be disposed of Rule 193 In all elections a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice COMMITTEES Rule 194 The Speaker shall appoint the following standing committees Committee on Amendments to the Constitution Committee on Appropriations 146 General Committee on Agriculture for consideration of general bills Special Committee on Agriculture for consideration of special and local bills Committee on Auditing Committee on Banks and Banking Committee on Academy for the Blind Committee on Corporations Committee on Counties and County Matters Committee on Education Committee on Engrossing Committee on Enrollment Committee on Excuse pf Members Absent without LeaveCommittee on Forestry and Water Ways Committee on Game and Fish Committee on Georgia School for the Deaf Committee on Georgia State Sanitarium Committee on Hall and Committee Rooms Committee on Hygiene and Sanitation Committee on Insurance Committee on Invalid Pensions Committee on Internal Improvement Committee on Immigration Committee on Journals General Committee on Judiciary for the consideration of general bills Special Committee on Judiciary for consideration of special and local bills Committee on Labor and Labor Statistics Committee on Manufactures Committee on Military Affairs Committee on Mines and Mining Committee on New Counties Committee on Pensions Committee on Penitentiary Committee on Public Library Committee on Public Printing Committee on Public Property 147 Committee on Privileges of the Floor Committee on Privileges and Elections Committee on Railroads Committee on Public Roads and Highways Committee on Reformatories Committee on Rules of which the Speaker shall be ex offi cio Chairman Committee on State of the Republic Committee on Temperance Committee on University of Georgia and its Branches Committee on Ways and Means Committee on Western and Atlantic Railroad for the consideration of all matters pertaining to the Western andAtlantic Railroad Committee on Wild Lands 1 The Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Appropriations shall be ex officio members of the Committee on Ways and Means and the Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Ways and Means shall be exofficio members of the Committee on Appropriations ORDER OF BUSINESS Rule 195 The following shall be the order of business 1 Prayer by the Chaplain 2 Call of the Roll 3 Reading of the Journal 4 Confirmation of the Journal 5 Motions to Reconsider 6 Reports of Standing Committees 7 Unfinishedbusiness of previous session 8 Orders of the day 9 On Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call of the counties for the introduction of new matter On Wednesdays third reading of Senate bills and resolutions pflO House bills fQr tnird reading and House bills with Senate amendments 11 House bills for second reading 121g House resolutions 148 13 On Mondays and Fridays immediately after the call of the counties Senate bdls for first and second reading shall be in order 14 On Wednesday immediately after the call of the counties all petitions and reports of committees on petitions shall be in order 15 Bills of Senate for third reading 16 Senate resolutions 17 The reports of the Committee on Enrollment may be made at any time 18 After the regular order of business for each day shall have been exhausted House bills for first and second reading and Senate bills for first and second reading respectively shall be in order Unless otherwise ordered by the House no general bills or resolutions shall be in order for a third reading at Saturdays session Rule 196 No change of or addition to these rules shall be made unless such proposed change or addition be first referred to the Commtitee on Rules and reported back to the House Rule 197 When any question arises which is not provided for in the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies Rule 198 The Auditing Committee shall before auditing the account of any member for expenses of a committeeman or any account prescribed by a member for any expense incurred in discharge of any duty as a member of this House require of such an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item of said account Changing rules Questions not provided for CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA BILL OF RIGHTS PREAMBLE To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interest and happiness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidance of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution ARTICLE I SECTION I Paragraph I All government of right originates with the people is founded upon their will only and is instituted solely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them Par II Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete Par III No person shaff be deprived of life liberty or property except by due process of law Par IV No person shall be deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the Courts of this State in person by attorney or both Par V Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him is founded shall have compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against him and shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury Par VI N o person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any way to criminate himself Par VII Neither banishment beyond the limits of the tate nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed Par VIII No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offense save on his or her own motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of mistrial Par IX Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted nor shall any person be abused in being arrested while under arrest or in prison Par X No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial 151 Par XI The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended Par XII All men have the natural and inalienable right to worship God each according to the dictates of his own conscience and no human authority should in any case control or interfere with such right of conscience Par XIII No inhabitant of this State shall be molested in person or property or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the right of liberty of conscience shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State Par XIV No money shall ever be taken from the public treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution Par XV No law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of speech or of the press any person may speak write and publish his sentiments on all subjects being responsible for the abuse of that liberty Par XVI The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the person or things to be seized Par XVII There shall be within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof Par XVIII The social status of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation Par XIX The civil authority shall be superior to the military and no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as may be provided by law Par XX The power of the Courts to punish for contempts shall be limited by legislative acts Par XXI There shall be no imprisonment for debt Par XXII The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne Par XXIII The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided Par XXIV The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested with the powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance Par XXV All citizens of the United States resident in this State are hereby declared citizens of this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the full enj oyment bf the rights privileges and immunities due to such citizenship Section II Paragraph I In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the truth may be given in evidence and the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts The power of the Judges to grant new trials in case of conviction is preserved 152 Par II Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist in levying war against her adhering to her enemies giving them aid and comfort No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open Court Par III No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate Par IV All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hereby prohibited and this prohibition shall be enforced by penal laws Par V Lobbying is declared to be a crime and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties Par VI The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor Section III Paragraph I In cases of necessity private ways may be granted upon just compensation being first paid by the applicant Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first paid Par II No bill of attainder ex post facto law retroactive law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grants of special privileges or immunities shall be passed Par III No grant of special privileges or immunities shall be revoked except in such manner as to work no injustice to the corporators or creditors of the incorporation Section IV Paragraph I Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation thrpughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free consent in writing of all persons affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent Par II Legislative Acts in violation of this Constitution or the Constitution of the United States are void and the Judiciary shall so declare them Section V Paragraph 1 The people of this State have the inherent sole and exclusive right of regulating their internal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it may be necessary to their safety and happiness Par II The enumeration of rights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights whici they may have hitherto enjoyed ARTICLE II ELECTIVE FRANCHISE Section I Paragraph I In all elections by the people the electors shall vote by ballot Par II Every male citizen of the United States except as 153 hereinafter provided twentyone years of age who shall have resided in this State one year next preceding the election and shall have resided six months in the county in which he offers to vote and shall have paid all taxes which may hereafter be required of him and which he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeable to law except for the year of the election shall be deemed an elector Provided that no soldier sailor or marine in the military or naval service of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State and no person shall vote who if challenged shall refuse to take the following oath or affirmation I do swear or affirm that I am twentyone years of age have resided in this State one year and in this county six months next preceding this election I have paid all taxes which since the adoption of the present Constitution of this State have been required of me previous to this year and which I have had an opportunity to pay and I have not voted at this election Section II Paragraph I The General Assembly may provide from time to time for the registration for all electors but the following classes of persons shall not be permitted to register vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State to wit 1st Those who shall have been convicted in any Court of competent jurisdiction of treason against he State of embezzlement of public funds malfeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in this penitentiary unless iuch person shall have been pardoned 2d Idiots and insane persons Section III Paragraph I Electors shall in all cases except for treason felony larceny and breach of the peace be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections and in going to and returning from the same Section IV Paragraph I No person who is the holder of any public money contrary to law shall be eligible to any office in this State until the same is accounted for and paid into the treasury Par II No person who after the adoption of this Constitution being a resident of this State shall have been convicted of fighting a duel in this State or convicted of sending or accepting a challenge or convicted of aiding or abetting such duel shall hold office in this State unless he shall have been pardoned and every such person shall also be subject to such punishment as may be prescribed by law Section V Paragraph I The General Assembly shall by law forbid the sale distribution or furnishing of intoxicating drinks within two miles of election precincts on days of electionState county or municipaland prescribe punishment for any violation of the same Section VI Paragraph I Returns of elections for all civil officers elected by the people who are to be commissioned by the Governor and also 154 for the members of the General Assembly shall be made to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law ARTICLE III LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT Section I Paragraph I The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives Section II Paragraph I The Senate shall consist of fortyfour members There shall be fortyfour Senatorial districts as now arranged by counties Each district shall have one Senator The First Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Chatham Bryan and Effingham The Second Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Liberty Tattnall and McIntosh The Third Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wayne Pierce and Appling The Fourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Glynn Camden and Charlton The Fifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Coffee Ware and Clinch The Sixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Echols Lowndes and Berrien The Seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Brooks Thomas and Colquitt The Eighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Decatur Mitchell and Miller The Ninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Early Calhoun and Baker The Tenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dougherty Lee and Worth The Eleventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clay Randolph and Terrell The Twelfth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Stewart Webster and Quitman The Thirteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Sumter Schley and Macon The Fourteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dooly Wilcox Pulaski and Dodge The Fifteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Montgomery Telfair and Irwin The Sixteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Laurens Emanuel and Johnson The Seventeenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Screven Bulloch and Burke The Eighteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Richmond Glascock and Jefferson The Nineteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Taliaferro Greene and Warren The Twentieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Baldwin Hancock and Washington The Twentyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Twiggs Wilkinson and Jones 155 The Twentysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bibb Monroe and Pike The Twentythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Houston Crawford and Taylor The Twentyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Muscogee Marion and Chattahoochee The Twentyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Harris Upson and Talbot The Twentysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Spalding Butts and Fayette The Twentyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Newton Walton Clarke Oconee and Rockdale The Twentyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Jasper Putnam and Morgan The Twentyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wilkes Columbia Lincoln and McDuffie The Thirtieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Oglethorpe Madison and Elbert The Thirtyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hart Habersham and Franklin The Thirtysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of White Dawson and Lumpkin The Thirtythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counteis of Hall Banks and Jackson The Thirtyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Gwinnett DeKalb and Henry The Thirtyfifth Senatorial District shall bfe composed of the counties of Clayton Cobb and Fulton The ThirtySixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Campbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas The Thirtyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Carroll Heard and Troup The Thirtyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Haralson Polk and Paulding The Thirtyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Milton Cherokee and Forsyth The Fortieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Union Towns and Rabun The Fortyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Pickens Fannin and Gilmer The Fortysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bartow Floyd and Chattooga The Fortythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Murray Gordon and Whitfield The Fortyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Walker Dade and Cartoosa Par III The General Assembly may change these districts after each census of the United States Provided that neither the number of districts nor the number of Senators from each district shall be increased Section III Paragraph I The house of Representatives shall consist of one hundred and seventyfive Representatives apportioned among the several counties as follows to wit To the six counties having the largest population viz Chatham Richmond Burke Floyd Bibb and Fulton three Representatives each to the twentysix counties having the next largest population viz Dooly Bartow Coweta 156 Decatur Houston Greene Gwinnett Harris Jefferson Meriwether Monroe Muscogee Pulaski DeKalb Hall Walton Sumter Thomas Troup Washington Hancock Carroll Cobb Jackson Oglethorpe and Wilkes two Representatives each and to the remaining one hundred and five counties one Representative each Par II The above apportiontment shall be changed by the General Assembly at its first session after each census taken by the United States Government so as to give the six counties having the largest population three Representatives each and to the twentysix counties having the next largest population two Representatives each but in no event shall the aggregate number of Representatives be increased Section IV Paragraph I The members of the General Assembly shall be elected for two years and shall serve until their successors are elected Par II The first election for members of the General Assembly under this Constitution shall take place on the first Wednesday in December 1877 the second election for the same shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of elections is changed by law Par III The first meeting of the General Assembly after the ratification of this Constitution shall be on the fourth Wednesday in October 1878 and annually thereafter on the same day until the day shall be changed by law But nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the Governor from calling an extra session of the General Assembly before the first Wednesday in November 1878 if in his opinion the public good shall require it Par IV A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide Par V Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation to wit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interests and prosperity of this State Par VI No session of the General Assembly shall continue longer than fifty days Provided that if an impeachment trial pending at the end of fifty days the session may be prolonged till the completion of said trial Par VII No person holding a military commission or other appointment or office having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under this State or the Untied States or either of them except Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either House nor shall any Senator or Representative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to any office or appointment having any emolument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected Par VIII The seat of a member of either House shall be vacated on his removal from the district or county from which he was elected 157 Section V Paragraph I The Senators shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected Par II The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate and shall be elected viva voce from the Senators Par III The Senate shall have the sole power to try impeachments Par IV When sitting for that purpose the members shall be on oath or affirmation and shall be presided over by the Chief Justice or the presiding Justice of the Supreme Court Should the Chief Justice be disqualified the Sepate shall elect the Judge of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of twothirds of the members present Par V Judgments in case of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this State but the party shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law Section VI Paragraph I The Representatives shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyone years and who shall have been citizens of this State for two years and for one year residents of the counties from which elected Par II The presiding officer of the House of Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of the house of Representatives and shall be elected viva voce from the body Par III The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to impeach all persons who shall have been or may be in office Section VII Paragraph I Each House shall be the judge of the election returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Par II Each House may punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session any person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House Par HI The members of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treason felony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer in any other place for anything spoken in debate m either house Par IV Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after its adjourment Par V The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof Par VI The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the journal 158 Par VII Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless in case of actual invasion or insurrection But the first and second reading of each local bill and bank and railroad charters in each House shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed Par VIII No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof v Par IX The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Par X All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Par XI No money shall be drawn from the treasury except by appropriation made by law and a regular statement and account of the receipt and expenditure of all public money shall be published every three months and also with the laws passed by each session of the General Assembly Par XII No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded Par XIII All Acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected Par XIV No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the journal Par XV By an act approved September 24 1885 an amendment to the Constitution was submitted to vote of the people in October 1886 and adopted whereby the original of this paragraph was stricken from this Constitution Par XVI No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed Par XVII No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as Well as the alteration to be made Par XVIII The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies nor 159 6man to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such powers shall be exercised by the Courts All corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law Par XIX The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer Par XX The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporated town or city without the consent of the corporate authorities Par XXI Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of two thirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the journal Par XXII The General Assembly shall have power to make all laws and ordinances consistent with this Constitutionand not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State Par XXIII No provision in this Constiuttion for a twothirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly Par XXIV Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of a disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them Section VIII Paragraph I The officers of the two Houses other than the President and Speaker shall be a Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives and such assistants as they may appoint but the clerical expenses of the Senate shall not exceed sixty dollars per day for each session nor those of the House Representatives seventy dollars per day for each session The Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives shall be required to give bond and security for the faithful discharge of their respective duties Section IX Paragraph I The per diem of members of the General Assembly shall not exceed four dollars and mileage shall not exceed ten cents for each mile traveled by the nearest practicable route in going to and returning from the Capital but the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive not exceeding seven dollars per day Section X Paragraph I All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result Section XI Paragraph I All property of the wife at the time of her marriage and all property given to inherited or acquired by her shall remain her separate property and not be liable for the debts of her husband Section XII Paragraph I All life insurance companies now doing business in this State or which may desire to establish agencies and do business in the State of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State in which they are chartered or of thisState the Insurance Commissioners or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policyholders Par II When such showing is made to the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia by a proper certificate from the State official having charge of the funds so deposited the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the fees required by law Par III All life insurance companies chartered by the State of Georgia or which may hereafter be chartered by the State shall before doing business deposit with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State of Georgia or with some strong corporation which may be approved by said ComptrollerGeneral one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash to be subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of the policyholders of the company making such deposit all interests and dividends arising from such secruities to be paid when due to the company so depositing Any such securities as may be needed or desired by the company may be taken from said department at any time by replacing them with other securitiesequally acceptable to the ComptrollerGeneral whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company Par IV The General Assembly shall from time to time enact laws to compel all fire insurance companies doing business in this State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit reasonable securities with the Treasurer of this State to secure the people against loss by the operations of said companies Par V The General Assembly shall compel all insurance companies in this State or doing business therein under proper penalties to make semiannual reports to the Governor and print the same at their own expense for the information and protection of the people ARTICLE IV POWER OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OVER TAXATION Section I Paragraph I The right of taxation is a sovereign right inalieniable indestructible is the life of the State and rightfully 161 belongs to the people in all Republican governments and neither the General Assembly nor any nor all other departments of the Government established by this Constitution shall ever have the authority to irrevocably give grant limit or restrain this right and all laws grants contracts and all other acts whatsoever by said Government or any department thereof to effect any of these pusposes shall be and are hereby declared to be null and void for every purpose whatsoever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of and revocable by the State notwithstanding any gift grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly Section II Paragraph I The power and authority of regulating railroad freights and passenger tariffs preventing unjust discriminations and requiring reasonable and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall be to pass laws from time to time to regulat freight and passenger tariffs to prohibit unjust discriminations on the various railroads of this State and to prohibit said roads from charging other than just and reasonable rates and enforce the same by adequate penalties Par II The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use the same as property of individuals and the exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in such a manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals or the general wellbeing of the State Par III The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing nor alter or amend the same nor pass any other general or special law for the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that said corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its bnefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation of said charter and shall bring the same under the provisions of this Constitution Provided That this section shall not extend to any amendment for the purpose of allowing any existing road to take stock in or aid in the building of any branch road Par IV The General Assembly of this State shall have no power to authorize any corporation to buy shares or stock in any other corporation in this State or elsewhere or to make any contract or agreement whatever with any such corporation which may have the effect or be intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition in their respective business or to encourage monopoly and all such contracts and agreements shall be illegal and void Par V No railroad company shall give or pay any rebate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or to do any act tomislead or deceive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freights or passage and any such payments shall be illegal and void and these prohibitions shall be enforced by suitable penalties Par VI No provision of this article shall be deemed held or taken to impair the obligation of any contract heretofore made 162 by the State of Georgia Par VII The General Assembly shall enforce the provisions of this article by appropriate legislation ARTICLE V EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT Section I Paragraph I The officers of the Executive Department shall consist of a Governor Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer Par II The Executive power shall be vested in a Governor who shall hold his offices during the term of two years and until his successor shall be chosen and qualified He shall not be eligible to reelection after the expiration of a second term for the period of four years He shall have a salary of three thousand dollars per annum until otherwise provided by a law passed by a twothirds vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the United States or either of them or from any foreign power But this reduction of salary shall not apply to the present term of the present Governor Par III The first election for Governor under this Constitution shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and the Governorelect shall be installed in office at the next session of the General Assembly An election shall take place biennally thereafter on said day until another date be fixed by the General Assembly Said election shall be held at the places of holding general elections in the several counties of this State in the manner prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly and the electors shall be the same Par IV The returns for every election of Governor shall be sealed up by the managers separately from other returns and directed to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives and transmitted to the Secretary of State who shall without opening said returns cause the same to be laid before the Senate on the day after the two houses shall have been organized and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives Par V The members of each branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives shall open and publish the returns in the presence and under the direction of the General Assembly and the person having the majority of the whole number of votes shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State but if no person shall have such majority then from the two persons having the highest number of votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed by the General Assembly to elect the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor viva voce and in all cases of election of a Governor by the General Assembly a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice Par VI Contested elections shall be determined by both Houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be presricbed by law 163 Par VII No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the State six years and who shall not have attained the age of thirty years Par VIII In case of the death resignation or disability of the Governor the President of the Senate shall exercise the Executive powers of the government until such disability be removed or a successor is elected and qualified And in case of the death resignation or disability of the President of the Senate the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the Executive powers of the Government until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor Par IX The General Assembly shall have power to provide by law for filling unexpired terms by special elections Par X The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of his office take the following oath or affirmation I do solemnly swear oi affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the office of Governor of he State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America Par XI The Governor shall be commanderinChief of the army and navy of this State and of the militia thereof Par XII He shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons to commute penalties remove disabilities imposed by law and to re mit any part of a sentence for offences against the State after conviction except in cases of treason and impeachment subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons Upon conviction for treason he may suspend the execution of the sentence and report the case to the General Assembly at the next meeting thereof when the General Assembly shall either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant a further reprieve He shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body each case of reprieve pardon or commutation granted stating the name of the convict the offence for which he was convictedthe sentence and its date the date of the reprieve pardon or commutation and the reasons for granting the same He hall take care that the laws are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State Par XIII He shall issue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate or House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly from time to time information of the state of the commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient He shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be enacted at call sessions of the General Assembly except such as shall relate to the object stated in his proclamation convening them Par XIV When any office shall become vacant by death resignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided by law and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out in the Constitution or by law in pursuance thereof Par XV A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be reappointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter X64 Par XVI The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within five days Sundays excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return Hte may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House Par XVII Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses rhay be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each House Par XVIII He may require information in writing from the officers in the Executive Department on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices It shall be the duty of the Governor quarterly and oftener if he deems it expedient to examine under oath the Treasurer and ComptrollerGeneral of the State on all matters pertaining to their respective offices and to inspect and review their books and accounts The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of either of said officers from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same Par XIX The Governor shall have power to appoint his own Secretaries not exceeding two in number and to provide such other clerical force as may be required in his office but the total cost for Secretaries and clerical force in his office shall not exceed six thousand dollars per annum Section II Parargaph I The Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall be elected by the persons qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor The provision of the Constitution as to the transmission of the returns of election counting the votes declaring the result deciding when there is no election and when there is contested election applicable to the election of Governor shall apply to the election of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer they shall be commissioned by the Governor and hold their office for the same time as the Governor Par II The salary of the Treasurer shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his department shall not exceed sixteen hundred dollars per annum Par III The Salary of the Secretary of State shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the clerical expenses of his department shall not exceed one thousand dollars per annum Par IV The salary of the ComptrollerGeneral shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his department including the Insurance Department and Wilcl Land Clerk shall not exceed four thousand dollars per annum and without said clerk it shall not exceed three thousand dollars per annum Par V The Treasurer shall not be allowed directly or indirectly to receive any fee interest or reward from any person bank or cor 165 poration for the deposit or use in any manner of the public funds and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties Par VI No person shall be eligible to the office of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral or Treasurer unless he shall have been a citizen of the United States for ten years and shall have resided in this State for six years next preceding his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when elected All of said officers shall give bond and security under regulations to be prescribed by law for the faithful discharge of their duties Par VII The Secretary of State the ComptrollerGeneral and the Treasurer shall not be allowed any fees perquisite or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by law except their necessary expenses when absent from the seat of government on business for the State Section III Paragraph I The Great Seal of the State shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall be the Great Seal of the State until otherwise provided by law ARTICLE VI JUDICIARY Section I Paragraph I The judicial powers of this State shall be vested in a Supreme Court Superior Courts Courts of Ordinary Justice of the Peace commissioned Notaries Public and other Courts as have been or may be established by law Section II Paragraph I The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices A majority of the Court shall constitute a quorum Par II When one or more of the Judges are disqualified from deciding any case by interest or otherwise the Governor shall designate a Judge or Judges of the Superior Courts to preside in said case Par III No Judge of any Court shall preside in any case where the validity of any bondFederal State corporation or municipalis involved who holds in his own right or as the representative of others any material interests in the class of bonds upon which th question to be decided arises Par IV The Chief Justice and Associate Justices shall hold their office for six years and until their successors are qualified A successor to the incumbent whose term will soonest expire shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1880 a succssor to the incumbent whose term of office is next in duration shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1882 and a successor to the third incumbent shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1884 but appointments to fill vacancies shall only be for the unexpired term or until such vacancies are filled by elections agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution Par V The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a Court alone for the trial and correction of errors 166 from the Superior Courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such other like Courts as may be hereafter established in other cities and shall sit at the seat of government at such time in each year as shall be prescribed by law for the trial and determination of writs of error from said Superior and City Courts Par VI The Supreme Court shall dispose of every case at the first or second term after such writ of error is brought and in case the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared at the first term to prosecute the caseunless prevented by Providential causeit shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed Par VII In any case the Court may in its discretion withold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued Par VIII The Supreme Court shall hereafter consist of a chief justice and five associate justices The court shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting either in a body or in two divisions of three judges each unaer such regulations as may be prescribed by the General Assembly A majority of either division shall constitute a quorum for that division The chief justice and the associate justices of the Supreme Court shall hereafter be elected by the people at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor and the State house officers are elected except that the first election under this amendment shall be held on the third Wednesday in December 1896 at which time one associate justice shall be elected for a full term of six years to fill the vacancy occurring on January lsf 1897 by the expiration of the term of one of the present incumbents and three additional associate justices shall be elected for terms expiring respectively January 1st 1899 January lsf 1901 and January lsf 1903 The persons elected as additional associate justices shall among themselves determine by lot which of the three last mentioned terms each shall have and they shall be commissioned accordingly After said first election all terms except unexpired terms shall be for six years each In case of any vacancy which causes an unexpired term the same shall be filled by executive appointment and the person appointed by the Governor shall hold his office until the next regular election and until his successor for the balance of the unexpired term shall have been elected and qualified The returns of said special election shall be made to the Secretary of State Act approved December 16 1895 Section III Paragraph I There shall be a judge of the Superior Court for each Judicial Circuit whose term of office shall be four years and until his successor is qualified He may act in other circuits when authorized by law Par II The successors to the present incumbents shall be elected by the General Assembly as follows To the half fas near as may be whose commissions are the oldest in the year 1878 and to the others in the year 1880 All subsequent elections shall be at the session of the General Assembly next preceding the expiration of the terms of incumbents except elections to fill vacancies The day of election may oe fixed by the General Assembly Pari III The terms of the Judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their elections But if the time for the meeting of 167 the General Assembly shall be changed the General Assembly may change the time when the terms of Judges thereafter elected shall begin Section IV Paragraph I The Superior Courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce in criminal cases where the offender in subjected to loss of life or confinement in the penitentiary in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases Par II The General Assembly may confer upon the Courts of common law all the powers heretofore exercised by Courts of Equity in this State Par III Said Courts shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases except as hereinafter provided Par IV They shall have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may be provided by law Par V They shall have power to correct errors in inferior judicatories by writ of certiorari which shall only issue on the sanction of the Judge and said Courts and the Judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus prohibition scire facias and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall have such other powers as are or may be conferred on them by law Par VI The General Assembly may provide for an appeal from one jury in the Superior Courts and City to another and the said Court may grant new trials on legal grounds Par VII The Court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases founded on unconditional contracts in writing where an issuable defense is not filed under oath or affirmation Par VIII The Superior Courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law Par IX The General Assembly may provide by law for the appointment of some proper person to preside in cases where the presiding Judge is from any cause disqualified Section V Paragraph I In any county within which there is or hereafter may be a City Court the Judge of said Court and of the Superior Court may preside in the Courts of each other in cases where the Judge of either Court is disqualified to preside Section VI Paragraph I The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Probate shall be vested in an Ordinary for each county from whose decision there may be an appealor by consent of partieswithout a decision to the Superior Court under regulations prescribed by law Par II The Courts of Ordinary shall have such powers in relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conferred on them by law Par III The Ordinary shall hold his office for the term of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified Section VII Paragraph I There shall be in each militia district one Justice of the Peace whose official term exceptwhen elected to fill an unexpired term shall be four years Par II Justices of the Peace shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases arising ex contractu and in cases of injury or damage to personal property when the principal sum does not exceed one hundred dollars and shall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may be an appeal to a jury in said Court or an appeal to the Superior Court under such regulations as may be prescribed by law Par III Justices of the Peace shall be elected by the legal voters in their respective districts and shall be commissioned by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office Section VIII Paragraph I Commissioned Notaries Public not to exceed one for each militia district may be appointed by the Judges of the Superior Courts in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries of the several counties They shall be commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall be ex officio Justices of the Peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office Section IX Paragraph I The jurisdiction powersproceedings and practiceof all courts or officers invested with judicial powersexcept city courts of the same grade or class so far as regulated by law and the force and effect of the process judgment and decree by such Courts severally shall be uniform This uniformity must be established by the Generali Assembly Section X Paragraph I There shall be an AttorneyGeneral of the State who shall be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor Par II It shall be the duty of the SolicitorGeneral to represent the legal adviser of the Executive Department to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all capital felonies and in all civil and criminal cases in any Court when required by the Governor and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law Section XI Paragraph I There shall be a SolicitorGeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except when commissioned to fill an unexpired term shall be four years Par II It shall be the duty of the SolicitorGeneral to represent the State in all cases in the Superior Courts of his circuit and in all cases taken up from his circuit to the Supreme Court and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law Section XII Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral shall be elected by the General Assembly in joint session on such day or days as shall be fixed by joint resolution of both Houses At the session of the General Assembly which is held next before the expiration of the terms of the present incumbents as provided in this Constitution their successors shall be chosen and the same shall apply to the election of those who shall succeed them Vacancies occasioned by death resignationAor other cause shall be filled by appointment of the 169 Governor until the General Assembly shall eonvene when an election shall be held to fill the unexpired portion of the vacant terms Section XIII Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out of the Treasury of the State salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum the attorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect the salaries of those now in office Par II The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such change shall affect the officers then in commission Section XIV Paragraph I No person shall be Judge of the Supreme or Superior Courts or AttorneyGeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years and shall have been a citizen of the State three years and have practiced law for seven years and no person shall be hereafter elected Solicitor General unless at the time of his election he shall have attained twentyfive years of age shall have been a citizen of he State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his election Section XV Paragraph I No total divorce shall be granted except on the concurrent verdicts of two juries at different terms of the Court Par II When a divorce is granted the jury rendering the fngi verdict shall determine the rights and disabilities of the parties Section XVI Paragraph I Divorce cases shall be brought in the county where thedefendant resides if a resident of this State if the defendant be not a resident of this State then in the county in which the plaintiff resides Par II Cases respecting titles to land shall betried in the county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by a county line in which case the Superior Court of either county shall have jurisdiction Par III Equity cases shall be tried in the county where a defendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed Par IV Suits against joint obligorsjoint promissors copartners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried in either county Par V Suits against the maker and indorser of promissory notes or drawer acceptor and endorser of foreign or inland bills of exchange or like instruments residing in different counties shall be brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides Par VI All other civil cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall be tried in the county where the crime was committed except cases in the Superior Courts where the Judge is satisfied that an impartial j ury cannot be obtained in such county Section XVII Paragraph I The power to change the venue in civil and criminal cases shall be vested in the Superior Counts to be exercised in such manner as has been or shall be provided by law Section XVIII Paragraph X The right of trial by jury except where it is otherwise provided in this Constitution shall remain inviolate but the General Assembly may prescribe any number not iess than five to constitute a trial or traverse jury in Courts other than the Superior and City Courts Par II The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most experienced intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors Par III It shall be the duty of the General Assembly by general laws to prescribe the manner of fixing compensation of jurors in all counties in this State Section XIX Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the creation of County Commissioners in such counties as may require them and to define their duties Section XX Paragraph I All Courts not specially mentioned by name in the first section of this article may be abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly Section XXI Paragraph I The costs in the Supreme Court shall not exceed ten dollars unless otherwise provided by law Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said Court when the usual pauper oath is filled in the Court below ARTICLE VII FINANCE TAXATION AND PUBLIC DEBT Section I Paragraph I The powers of taxation over the whole State shall be exercised by the General Assembly for the following purposes only For the support of the State Government and the public institutions For educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only To pay the interest on the public debt To pay the principal of the public debt To suppress insurrection to repel invasion and defend the State in time of war To supply the soldiers who lost a limb or limbs in the military service of the Confederate States with substantial artificial limbs dur 171 mg life and make suitable provisions for such Confederate soldiers ag may have been otherwise disabled or permanently injured in such service or who may by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from WUn uS receved therein or disease contracted in the service or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves provided that the Act shall only apply to such widows as were married as the time of such service and have remained unmarried since the death of such soldier husband Section II Paragraph I All taxation shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects and ad valorem on all property subject to be taxed withip the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax and shall be levied and collected under general laws The General Assembly may however impose a tax on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive of other property Par II The General Assembly may by law exempt from taxation all public property places of religious worship or burial all institutions of purely public charity all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learning the real and personal estate of any public library and that of any other literary association used by or connected with such library all books and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandise or for purpose of sale or gain Provided the property so exempted be not used for purpose of private or corporate profit or income Par III No poll tax shall be levied except for educational purposes and such tax shall not exceed one dollar annually upon each poll Par IV All laws exempting property from taxation other than the property herein enumerated shall be void Par V The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party Section III Paragraph I No debt shall be contracted by or on behalf of the State except to supply casual deficiencies of revenue to repel invasion suppress insurrectionand defend the State in time of war or to pay the existing public debt but the dbt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall not exceed in the aggregate two hundred thousand dollars Section IV Paragraph I All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by pr on behalf of the State shall specify the purposes for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for the purposes specified and for no other Section V Paragraph I The credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual company corporation or association and 172 the State shall not become a joint owner or stockholder in any company association or corporation Section VI Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not authorize any county municipal corporation or political division of this state to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restriction shall not operate to prevent the support of schools by municipal corporations within their respective limits Provided that if any municipal corporation shalL offer to the State any property for locating or building a capitol and the State accepts such offer the corporation may comply with such offer Par II The General Assembly shall not have power to delegate to any county the right to levy a tax for any purpose except for educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only to build and repair the public buildings and bridges to maintain and support prisoners to pay jurors and coroners and for litigation quarantine roads and expenses of Courts to support paupers and pay debts heretofore existing Section VII Paragraph I The debt hereafter incurred by any county municipal corporation or political division of this State except as in this Constitution provided for shall never exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein and no such county municipality or division shall incur any new debt except for a temporary loan or loans to supply casual deficiencies of revenue not to exceed onefifth of one per centum of the assessed value 6f taxable property therein without the assent of twothirds of the qualified voters thereof at an election for that purpose to be held as may be prescribed by law but any city the debt of which does not exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property at the time of the adoption of this Constitution may be authorized by law to increase at any time the amount of said debt three per centum upon such assessed valuation Par II Any county municipal corporation or political division of this State which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provisions of this Constitution shall at or before the time of so doing provide for the assessment and collection of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness Section VIII Paragraph I The State shall not assume the debt nor any part thereof of any county municipal corporation or political division of the State unless such debt shall be contracted to enable the State to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war Section IX Paragraph I The receiving directly or indirectly by any officer of the State or county or member or officer of the General Assembly of any interests profits or perquisites arising from the use or loan of 173 public funds in his hands or moneys to be raised through his agency for State or county purposes shall be deemed a felony and punishable as may be prescribed by law a part of which punishment shall be a disqualification from holding office Section X Paragraph I Municipal corporations shall not incur any debt until provision therefor shall have been made by the municipal government Section XI Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money either directly or indirectly to pay the whole or any part of the prinicipal or interest of the bonds or other obligations which have been pronounced illegal null and void by the General Assembly and the constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the first day of May 1877 nor shall the General Assembly have authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late war between the States nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or other State official enter into any contract or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in any Court of this State or of the United States instituted to test the validity of any such bonds or obligations Section XII Paragraph I The bonded debt of the State shall never be increased except to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend the State in time of war Section XIII Paragraph I The proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Macon and Brunswick or other railroads held by the State andany other property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or any part thereof shall be applied to the payment of the bonded debt of the State and shall not be used for any other purpose whatever so long as the State has any existing bonded debt Provided that the proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in preference to all other bonds Section XIV Paragraph I The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses and interest on the public debt the sum of one hundred thousand dollars which shall be held as a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not yet matured and shall be applied to no other purpose whatever If the bonds cannot at any time be purchased at or below par then the sinking fund herein provided for may be loaned by the Governor and Treasurer of the State Provided the security which shall be demanded for said loan shall consist only of the valid bonds of the State but this section shall not take effect until the eight per cent currency bonds issued under the Act of February the 19th 1873 shall have been paid 174 Section XV Paragraph I The ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall each make to the Governor a quarterly report of the financial condition of the Statewhich report shall include a statement of the assets liabilities and income of the State and expenditures therefor for three months preceding and it shall be the duty of the Governor to carefully examine the same by himself or through competent persons connected with his department and cause an abstract thereof to be published for the information of the people which abstract shall be indorsed by him as having been examined Section XVI Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not by vote resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of any person corporation or association Par II The General Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after the service has been rendered or the contract entered into Section XVII Paragraph I The office of the State Printer shall cease writh the expiration of the term of the present incumbent and the General Assembly shall provide by law for letting the public printing to the lowest responsible bidder or bidders who shall give adequate and satisfactory security for the faithful performance thereof No member of the General Assembly or other public officer shall be interested either directly or indirectly in any such contract ARTICLE VIII EDUCATION Section I Paragraph I There shall be a thorough system of common schools for the education of children in the elementary branches of an English education only as nearly uniform as practicable the expense of which shall be provided for by taxation or otherwise The schools shall be free to all children of the State but separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races Section II Paragraph I There shall be a State School Commissioner elected by the people at the same time and manner as the Governor and State house officers are elected whose term of office shall be two years and until his successor is elected and qualified His office shall be at the seat of the government and he shall be paid a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars 2000 per annum The General Assembly may substitute for the State School Commissioner such officer or officers as may be deemed necessary to perfect the system of public education Section III Paragraph I The poll tax any educational fund now belonging to the State except the endowment of and debts due to the University of Georgia a special tax on shows and exhibitions and of the sale of spirituous and malt liquors which the General Assembly is hereby authorized to assess and the proceeds of any commutation tax for military service and all taxes that may be assessed on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive to 175 0 other property are hereby set apart and devoted for the support of common schools Section IV Paragraph I ikuthority may be granted to counties upon the recommendation of two grand juries and to municipal corporations upon the recommendation of the corporate authority to establish and maintain public schools in their respective limits by local taxation but no such local laws shall take effect until the same shall have been submitted to a vote of the qualified voters in each county or municipal corporation and approved by a twothirds vote of persons qualified to vote at such election and the General Assembly may prescribe who shall vote bn such question Section V Paragraph I Existing local school systems shall not be affected by this Constitution Nothing contained in section first of this article shall be construed to deprive schools in this State not common schools from participation in the educational fund of the State as to all pupils therein taught in the elementary branches of an English education Section VI Paragraph I The Trustees of the University of Georgia may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of said University In addition to the payment of the annual interest on the debt due by the State to the University the General Assembly may from time to time make such donations thereto as the condition of the treasury will authorize And the General Assembly may also from time to time make such appropriations of money as the condition of the treasury will authorize to any college or university not exceeding one in number now established or hereafter to be established in this State for the education of persons of color ARTICLE IX HOMESTEAD AND EXEMPTION Section I Paragraph I There shall be exempt from levy and sale by virtue of any process whatever under the laws of this State except as hereinafter excepted of the property of every head of a family or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children or every aged or infirm person or persons having the care and support of dependent females of any age who is not the head of a family realty or personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars fyl0teThe above provision of the Constitution was especially submitted to the people and ratified as a part thereof by them on December 5th 1887 Section II Paragraph I No Court or ministerial officer in this State shall ever have jurisdiction or authority to enforce any judgment execution or decree against the property set apart for such purpose including such improvements as may be made thereon from time to time except for taxes for the purchase money of the same for labor done thereon for material furnished therefor or for the removal of incumbrances thereon 176 Section III Paragraph I The debtor shall have power to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in this article except as to wearing apparel and not exceeding three hundred dollars worth of household and kitchen furniture and provisions to be selected by himself and wife if any and he shall not after it is set apart alienate or encumber the property so exempted but it may be sold by the debtor and his wife if any jointly with the sanction of the Judge of the Superior Court of the county where the debtor resides or the land is situated the proceeds to be reinvested upon the same uses Section IV Paragraph I The General Assembly shall provide by law as early as practicable for the setting apart and valuation of said property But nothing in this article shall be construed to affect or repeal the existing laws for exemption of property from sale contained in the present Code of this State in paragraphs 2040 to 2049 inclusive and the Act amendatory thereto It may be optional with the applicant to take either but not both of such exemptions Section V Paragraph I The debtor shall have authority to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in section four except as is excepted in section three of this article Section VI Paragraph I The applicant shall at any time have the right to supplement his exemption by adding to an amount already set apart which is less than the whole amount of exemption herein allowed a sufficiency to make his exemption equal to the whole amount Section VII Paragraph I Homestead and exemptions of personal property which have been heretofore set apart by virtue of the provisions of the existing Constitution of this State and in accordance with the laws for the enforcement thereof or which may hereafter so set apart at any time shall be and remain valid as against all debts and liabilities existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution to the same extent that they would have been had said existing Constitution not been revised Section VIII Paragraph I Rights which have become vested under previously existing laws shall not be affected by anything herein contained In all cases in which homesteads have been set apart under the Constitution of 1868 and the laws made in pursuance thereof and a bona fide sale of such property has been subsequently made and the full purchase price thereof paid all right of exemption in such property by reason of its having been so set apart shall cease in so far as it affects the right of the purchaser In all such cases where a part only of the purchase price has been paid such transactions shall be governed by the laws now of force in this State in so far as they affect the rights of the purchaser as though said property had not been set apart 177 SECTION IX Paragraph I Parties who have taken a homestead of realty under the Constitution of eighteen hundred and sixtyeight shall have the right to sell said homestead and reinvest the same by order of the Judge of the Superior Courts of this State ARTICLE X MILITIA Section I Paragraph I A well regulated militia being essential to the peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law how the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained armed and equipped and of whom it shall consist Par II The General Assembly shall have power to authorize the formation of volunteer companies and to provide for their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same Par III The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State ARTICLE XI COUNTIES AND COUNTY OFFICERS Section I Paragraph I Each county shall be a body corporate with such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by law All suits by or against a county shall be in the name thereof and the metes and bounds of the several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided Par II No new county shall be created Par III County lines shall not be changed unless under the operation of a general law for that purpose Par IV No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly Par V Any county may be dissolved and merged with contigous counties by a twothirds vote of the qualified electors of such county voting at an election held for that purpose Section II Paragraph I The county officers shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties or districts and shall hold their offices for two years They shall be removed on conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be eligible to any of the offices referred to in this paragraph unless he shall have been a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter Section III Paragraph I Whatever tribunal or officers may hereafter be created by the General Assembly for the transaction of county 178 matters shall be uniform throughout the State and of the same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for the appointment of commissioners of roads and revenue in any county ARTICLE XII THE LAWS OF GENERAL OPERATION IN FORCE IN THIS STATE Section I Paragraph I The laws of general operation in this State are first as tHe supreme law The Constitution of the United States the laws of the United States in pursuance thereof and all treaties made under the authority of the United States Par II Second As next in authority thereto this Constitution Par III Third In subordination to the foregoing All laws now of force in this State not inconsistent with this Constitution and the ordinances of this Convention shall remain of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly the tax acts and appropriation acts passed by the General Assembly of 1877 and approved by the Governor of the State and not inconsistent with the Constitution are hereby continued in force until altered by law Par IV Local and private acts passed for the benefit of counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms Par V All rights privileges and immunities which may have vested in or accrued to any person or persons or corporations in his her or their own right or in any fiduciary capacity under and in virtue of any act of the General Assembly or any judgment decree or order or other proceeding of any court of competent jurisdiction in this State heretofore rendered shall be held inviolate by all courts before which they may be brought in question unless attacked for fraud Par VI All judgments decrees orders and other proceedings of the several courts of this State heretofore made within the limits of their several jurisdictions are hereby ratified and affirmed subject only to reversion by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other proceeding in conformity with the law of force when thy were made Par VII The officers of the government now existing shall continue in the exercise of their several functions until their successors are duly elected or appointed and qualified but nothing herein is to apply to any officer whose office may be abolished by this Constitution Par VIII The ordinances of this Convention shall have the force of laws until otherwise provided by the General Assembly except the ordinances in reference to submitting the homestead and Capital questions to a vote of the people which ordinances after being voted on shall have the effect of constitutional provisions NoteUnder the ordinance of the Convention submitting the question of the location of the capital to the people toe city of Atlanta was chosen December 5th 1877 179 ARTICLE XIII AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION Section I Paragraph I Any amendment or amendments to this Con stitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Reprsenta tives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon And the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more papers in each Congressional district for two months provious to the time of holding the next general election and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately Par II No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of each House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable Section II Paragraph I The Constitution shall be submitted for ratification or rejection to the voters of the State at an election to be held on the first Wednesday in December one thousand eight hundred and seventyseven in the several election districts of this State at which election every person shall be entitled to vote who is entitled to vote for the members of the General Assembly under the constitution and laws of force at the date of such election said election to be held and conducted as is now provided by law for holding elections for members of the General Assembly All persons voting at said election in favor of adopting the Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words For Ratification and all persons opposed to the adoption of this Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words Against Ratification Par II The votes cast at said election shall be consolidated in each of the counties of the State as is now required by law in elections for members of the General Assembly and returns thereof made to the Governor and should a majority of all the votes cast at said election be in iavor of ratification he shall declare the said Constitution adopted and make proclamation of the result of said election by publication in one or more newspapers in each Congressional district of the State but should a majority of the votes cast be against ratification he shall in the same manner proclaim the said Constitution rejected 180 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION An Act to amend Paragraphs 2 and 3 of Section 3 of Article 6 and Paragraph 1 of Section 11 of Article 6 of the Constitution of this State so as to provide for the election of the Judges of Superior Courts and SoiicitorsGeneral by the electors of the whole State Acts 1897 page 16 An Act to amend Section 1 Article 7 Paragraph 1 of the Constitution of Georgia so as to extend the provisions of said Section Article and Paragraph to the widows of Confederate Soldiers who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves and for other purposes Acts of 1899 page 19 An Act to amend Article 7 Section 1 of the Constitution of this State so as to limit the levy of taxes on property for any one year by the General Assembly to five mills on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in this State except for the purpose of repelling invasion suppressing insurrection or defending the State in time of war and for other purposes Acts of 1903 page 21 An Act to alter and amend Article 8 Section 4 Paragraph 1 of the Constitution of the State by striking out the words upon the recommendation of two grand juries which begin in the first line after the word Counties and end in the second line before the word and and substituting therefor the words Militia Districts School JDistricts and by inserting the words Military Districts School Districts in the seventh line after the word County and before the word or and further by striking out the word twothirds which begins in the seventh line after the word a and ends in the eighth line before the word vote and V U bJLUg O r and for other purposes Acts of 1903 page 23 An Act to amend Paragraph 2 of Section 1 of Article 11 of the Constitution of this State by striking out all of said Paragraph 2 Section 1 Article 11 and inserting in lieu thereof the following There shall not be more than one hundred and fortyfive Counties in this State Acts 1904 page 47 An Act to amend Section 3 Article 3 of the Constitution of this State which provides for the number of members of the House of Representatives by striking out Paragraph 1 of said Section of said Article and substituting in lieu thereof a Paragraph allowing an increase in the number of members of said House and naming the Counties now entitled to more than one Representative Acts 1904 page 48 ORDINANCES AN ORDINANCE Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled 1st That the question of the location of the capital of this State be kept out of the Constitution to be adopted by this Convention 2d That at the first general election hereafter held for members of the General Assembly every voter may indorse on his ballot Atlanta or Milledgeville and the one of these places receiving the largest number of votes shall be the capital of the State until changed by the same authority and in the same way that may be provided for the alteration of the Constitution that may be adopted by the Convention whether said Constitution be ratified or rejected And that every person entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly under thepresent Constitution and laws of this State shall be entitled to vote under this ordinance and in the event of the rejection of said Constitution shall should a majority of votes cast be in favor of Milledgeville then this provision to operate and take effect as an amendment to the present Constitution AN ORDINANCE Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same 1st That the article adopted by this Convention on the subject of Homestead and Exemption shall not form a part of this Constitution except as hereinafter provided 2d At the election held for the ratification or rejection of this Constitution it shall be lawful for each voter to have written or printed on his ballot the words Homestead of 1877 or the words Homestead of 1868 3d In the event that a majority of the ballots so cast have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1877 then said article so adopted by this Convention shall form a part of the Constitution submitted if the same is ratified but in the event that said Constitution so submitted shall not be ratified then the article on Homestead and Exemptions so adopted as aforesaid by this Convention shall supersede article seven of the Constitution of 1868 on the subject of Homestead and Exemptions and form a part of this Constitution 4th If a majority of the ballots so cast as aforesaid shall have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1868 then article seventh of the Constitution of 1868 shall supersede the article on Homestead and Exemptions adopted by this Convention and shall be incorporated in and form a part of the Constitution so submitted and ratified Read and adopted in Convention August 22 1877 Attest C J JENKINS President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary AN ORDINANCE Whereas A committee has been appointed by this Convention to consider and inquire into the ways and means by which the expenses of this Convention over and above those provided for bv the General Assembly can be defrayed and whereas the committee are satisfied that a sufficient sum of money for the same Prcurd hy an ordinance of this Convention therefore Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same That the President of this Convention shall be and he is hereby empowered by authority of this Convention to negotiate a loan ol a sufficient sum of money at seven per cent per annum to defray the residue of the expenses of this Convention not provided for by the Act of the General Assembly calling this Convention Read and adopted in Convention August 18 1877 Attest C J JENKINS tahttio President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary AN ORDINANCE Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled jt That the Constitution as adopted and revised be enrolled and signed by the officers and members of this Convention That the Governor shall issue his proclamation ordering an election for members of the General Assembly and a vote upon ratification or rejectionof this Constitution as therein provided and a vote upon the Capital and Homestead questions as provided by the ordinances of this Convention Read and adopted in Convention August 25th 1877 Attest C J JENKINS t TiATici President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary AN ORDINANCE There shall be sixteen Judicial Circuits in this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to organize and apportion SIC1 panner as to equalize the business and labor of the Judges in said several circuits as far as may be practicable But the General Assembly shall have power hereafter to reorganize increase or diminish the number of circuits Provided however that the circuits shall remain as now organized until changed bv law J Read and adopted in Convention August 23 1877 Attest C J JENKINS r President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary 184 AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION Paragraph 15 of Section 7 Article 3 stricken out Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable provisions for such Confederate soldiers as may have been permanently injured in such service See Acts of 18841885 Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 also amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable provision for such Confederate soldiers as may have otherwise been disabled or permanently injured in such service and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as1 may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from wounds received therein or diseases contracted therein Paragraph 3 Section 4 Article 2 amended by striking out biennially after the word and and before the word thereafter and substituting therefor the word annually Paragraph 6 Section 4 Article 2 amended by striking out the words forty days unless by a twothirds vote of the whole number of each House and substituting therefor fifty days These amendments were construed to apply to Article 3 instead of Article 2 Paragraph 7 Section 7 Article 3 amended by adding thereto but the first and second reading of each local bill and bank and railroad charters in each House shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed Paragraph 18 Section 7 Article 3 amended by striking out after the word companies in the second line the following words viz Except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies and substituting therefor at the end of said paragraph after the word courts the following viz All corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law See Acts of 189091 Vol 1 pages 55 to 60 inclusive Paragraph 1 Section 1 of Articled by adding after the word service in the thirteenth line of said paragraph the following words towit Or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves Act approved December 19 1893 Adopted by vote of the people Oct 1894 Paragraph 2 Section 3 Article 6 amended so that the same shall read as follows The successors to the present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors entitled to vote for of the General Assembly of the whole State at the general election held for such members next preceding the expiration of their respective terms provided that the successors for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall be elected by the GeneralAssembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years 1 Paragraph 3 Section 3 Article 6 amended so that said paragraph shall read as follows The terms of the judges to be elected under 185 the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their election Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected Paragraph 1 Section 11 Article 6 amended so that the same shall read as follows There shall be a SolicitorGeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except to fill a vacancy shall be iUii iearf successors of present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors of the whole State qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Every vacancy occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancy occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected provided that the successor for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall be elected by the General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 amended so that the same shall read as follows and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselvesprovided that the Act shall only apply to such widows as were married at the time of such service and have remained unmarried since the death of such soldier husband rraraTgraPh Section 3 Article 8 be amended to read as follows ihe Legislature shall have authority to add one or more additional judges of the superior court for any judicial circuit in this fetaJe and shall have authority to regulate the manner in which the judges of such circuits shall dispose of the business thereof and shall fix the time at which the term or terms of office of such additional judge or judges shall begin and the manner of his appomtment or election and shall have authority from time to time to add to the number of such judges in any judicial circuit or to reduce the number of judges in any judicial circuit provided that at all times there shall be at least one judge in every judicial circuit of this State r 4arSraph 1 Section 1 Article 6 be amended to read as follows Ihe judicial powers of the State shall be vested in a Supreme Court a Court of Appeals superior courts courts of ordinary justices of the peace commissioned notaries public and such other courts as have been or may be established by law ParaSraPh 5 Section 2 Article 6 be amended to read as follows Ihe Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a court alone for the trial and correction of errors in law and equity from the superior courts in all civil cases whether legal or equitable originating therein or carried thereto from the court of ordinary and in all cases of conviction of a capital felony and for the determination of questions certified to it by the Court of Appeals and shall sit at the seat of government at such times in each year as are or may be prescribed by law for the trial and determination of writs of error from the superior courts and of 186 questions certified to it as aforesaid The provisions of this paragraph shall become effective on the first day of January Anno Domini nineteen hundred and seven but shall not affect cases which on that date are pending in the Supreme Court except that cases then pending therein of the kind of which the Court Of Appeals has jurisdiction may be transferred by the Supreme Court to the Court of Appeals Any case thereafter carried to the Supreme Court which is of the class of which the Court of Appeals has jurisdiction may be transferred to the Court of Appeals under such rules as the Supreme Court may prescribe until otherwise provided by law and the Court of Appeals shall try the cases so transferred Section 2 Article 6 by adding a paragraph to be known as Paragraph 9 which shall read as follows The Court of Appeals shall until otherwise provided by law consist of three judges of whom two shall constitute a quorum It shall sit at the seat of government and at such other places as may be prescribed by law The Governor shall immediately on the ratification of this amendment call an election to be held on Tuesday after the first Monday in November Anno Domini nineteen hundred and six at which the judges of the Court of Appeals shall be elected in the manner in which Justices of the Supreme Court are elected The returns of said election shall be made to the Secretary of State and the Secretary of State shall canvass the returns and declare the three persons receiving the greatest number of votes to be elected The terms of office of the judges then elected shall begin on the first day of January Anno Domini nineteen hundred and seven and shall continue respectively two four and six years and until their successors are qualified The persons so elected shall among themselves determine by lot which of the terms each shall have and they shall be commissioned accordingly by the Governor All terms of the judges of the Court of Appeals after the expiration of the terms aforesaid except unexpired terms shall continue six years and until their successors are qualified The times and manner of all other elections and the mode of filling a vacancy which causes an unexpired term shall be the same as are or may be provided for by the laws relating to the election and appointment of Justices of the Supreme Court The Court of Appeals shall have jurisdiction for the trial and correction of errors in law and equity from the superior courts in all cases in which such jurisdiction is not conferred by this Constitution on the Supreme Court and from the city courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such otherlike courts as have been or may be hereafter established in other cities and in such other cases as may hereafter be prescribed by law except that where in a case pending in the Court of Appeals a question is raised as to the construction of a provision of the Constitution of this State or of the United States or as to the constitutionality of an Act of the General Assembly of this State and a decision of the question is necessary to the determination of the case the Court of Appeals shall so certify to the Supreme Court and thereupon a transcript of the record shall be transmitted to the Supreme Court which after having afforded to the parties an opportunity to be heard thereon shall instruct the Court of Appeals on the question so certified and the Court of Appeals shall be bound by the instruction so given But if by reason of an 187 equal division of opinion among the Justices of the Supreme Court no such instruction is given the Court of Appeals may decide the question The Court of Appeals may at any time certify to the Supreme Court any other question of law concerning which it desires the instruction of the Supreme Court for proper decision and thereupon the Supreme Court shall give its instruction on the question certified to it which shall be binding on the Court of Appeals in such case The manner of certifying questions to the Supreme Court by the Court of Appeals and the subsequent proceedings in regard to the same in the Supreme Court shall be as the Supreme Court shall by its rules prescribe until otherwise provided by law No affirmance of the judgment of the court below in cases pending in the Court of Appeals shall result from delay in disposing of questions certified by the Court of Appeals to the Supreme Court All writs of error in the Court of Appeals when received by its clerk during a term of the Court and before the docket of the term is by order of the Court closed shall be entered thereon and when received at any other time shall be entered on the docket of the next term and they shall stand for hearing at the term for which they are so entered under such rules as the Court may prescribe until otherwise provided by law The Court of Appeals shall appoint a clerk and a sheriff of the court The reporter of the Supreme Court shall be reporter of the Court of Appeals until otherwise provided by law The first term of the Court of Appeals shall be held on the first Monday in January Anno Domini nineteen hundred and seven The laws relating to the Supreme Court as to qualifications and salaries of the judges the designation of other judges to preside when members of the Court are disqualified the powers duties salaries fees and terms of officers the mode of carrying cases to the Court the powers practice procedure times of sitting and costs of the Court the publication of reports of cases decided therein and in all other respects except as otherwise provided in this Constitution and until otherwise provided by law shall apply to the Court of Appeals so far as they can be made to apply The decisions of the Supreme Court shall bind the Court pf Appeals as precedents Section 1 of Article 2 repealed and the following Section consisting of nine paragraphs inserted in lieu thereof Paragraph 1 After the year 1908 elections by the people shall be by ballot and only those persons shall be allowed to vote who have been first registered in accordance with the requirements of law Paragraph 2 Every male citizen of this State who is a citizen of the United States twentyone years old or upwards not laboring under any of the disabilities named in this Article and possessing the qualifications provided by it shall be an elector and entitled to register and vote at any election by the people provided that no soldier sailor or marine in the military or naval services of the United States shall acquire rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State Paragraph 3 To entitle a person to register and vote at any election by the people he shall have resided in the State one year next preceding the election and in the county in which he offers to vote six months next preceding the election and shall have paid all taxes which may have been required of him since the 188 adoption of the Constitution of Georgia of 1877 that he may have had an opportunity of paying agreeably to law Such payment must have been made at least six months prior to the election at which he offers to vote except when such elections are held within six months from the expiration of the time fixed by law for the payment of such taxes jl uParagraph 4 Every male citizen of this State shall be entitled to register as an elector and to vote in all elections in said State who is not disqualified under the provisions of Section 2 of Article 2 of this Constitution and who possesses the qualifications prescribed in paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Section or who will possess them at the date of the election occuring next after his registration and who in addition thereto comes within either of the classes provided lor m the five following subdivisions of this paragraph All persons who hav6 honorably served in the land or naval forces of the United States in the Revolutionary War or in the War of 1812 or in the War with Mexico or in any War with the Indians or in the War between the States or in the War with Spain or who honorably served in the land or naval forces of the Confederate States or of the State of Georgia in the War between the States or 2 All persons lawfully descended from those embraced m the classes enumerated in the subdivision next above or 3 All persons who are of good character and understand the duties and obligations of citizenship under a Republican form of 4 All persons who can correctly read in the English language any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State and correctly write the same in the English language when read to them by any one of the registrars and all persons who solely because of physical disability are unable to comply with the above requirements but who can understand and give a reasonable interpretation of any paragraph of the Constitution of the United States or of this State that may be read to them by any one of the registrars or 5 Any person who is the owner m good faith m his own right of at least forty acres of land situated in this State upon which he resides or is the owner in good faith in his own right of property situated in this State and assessed for taxation at the value or 50000 t Paragraph 5 The right to register under subdivisions 1 and 2 of paragraph 4 shall continue only until January 1st lyl5 But the registrars shall prepare a roster of all persons who register under subdivisions 1 and 2 of paragraph 4 and shall return the same to the clerks office of the Superior Court of their counties and the clerks of the Superior Court shall send copies of the same to the Secretary of State and it shall be the duty of these officers to record and permanently preserve these rosters Any person who has been once registered under either of the subdivisions 1 or 2 of paragraph 4 shall thereafter be permitted to vote provided he meets the requirements of paragraphs 2 and 3 of this Section Paragraph 6 Any person to whom the right of registration is denied by the registrars upon the ground that he lacks the qualifications set forth in the five subdivisions of paragraph 4 shall have the right to take an appeal and any citizen may enter an appeal from the decision of the registrars allowing any person to register under said subdivisions All appeals must be filed in 189 writing with the registrars within ten days from the date of the decision complained of and shall be returned by the registrars of the office of the clerk of the Superior Court to be tried as other appeals Paragraph 7 Pending an appeal and until the final decision of the casethe judgment of the registrars shall remain in full force Paragraph 8 No person shall be allowed to participate in a primary of any political party or a convention of any political party in this State who is not a qualified voter Paragraph 9 The machinery provided by law for the registration of force October 1st 1908 shall be used to carry out the provisions of this Section except wherq inconsistent with same the legislature may change or amend the registration laws from time to time but no such change or amendment shall operate to defeat any of the provisions of this Section See Acts of 1908 pages 27 28 29 Paragraph lof Section 3 Article 3 of the Constitution of Georgia as amended by an Act approved July 27 1904 is hereby amended by striking 183 Representatives in the said paragraph of the Constitution as amended and substituting 184 Representatives See Acts of 1908 pages 31 and 32 Article seven 7 Section six 6 of the Constitution of said State be amended as follows towit By adding to paragraph two 2 of said Section and Article the following words towit To pay the county police and to provide for necessary sanitation See Acts of 1908 page 33 Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 of the Constitution of this State be amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following To make provision for the payment of pensions to any exConfederate soldier now resident of this State who enlisted in the military service of this State or who enlisted in the military service of the Confederate States during the civil war between the States of the United States and who performed actual military service in the armies of the Confederate States or the organized militia of this State and was honorably discharged therefrom and to widows now residents of this State of exConfederate soldiers who enlisted in the military service of this State or who enlisted in the military service of the Confederate States and who performed actual service in the armies of the Confederate States or of the organized militia of this State who died in said military service or was honorably discharged Note by Compiler The foregoing proposed amendment to the Constitution originated in the House and was passed by the Senate Aug 12 1908 The Legislature adjourned Aug 12 1908 The bill proposing said amendment has not been signed or vetoed by the Governor but the same has been filed in the office of the Secretary of State endorsed as follows No action by the Governor See Constitution of the State Article 3 Section 7 Paragraph 23 Civil Code Section 5781 and Article 5 Section 1 Paragraphs 16 and 17 Civil Code Sections 5819 and 5820 Also Article 13 Section 1 Paragraph 1 Civil Code Section 5940 See Acts of 1908 pages 34 35 36 190 INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA TNotk References in the Index are made to the Article section a d Paragraph of the provision deferred to the original division of the instrument bemg stnctly followed A Absent members of Legislature attendance of compelled T Abuse under arrest or in prison prohibited Of liberty of speech or press responsibility for Academy incorporated exempt from taxation Acceptors suits against where tried Account of Treasurer to be published quarterly Accusation copy to be furnished defendant on demand Acts amending or repealing must describe the law affected Local and private authority of Must be signed by President of Senate and Speaker of House Requiring twothirds voteyeas and nays must be recordedW Adjournment of Legislature by less than a majority Consent of both Houses required when Houses failing to agree Governor may adjourn them Resolutions of not submitted to Governor Ad valorem Tax on property shall be Aged and infirm persons entitled to HomesteadM Aid of State to any religious denomination prohibited To any person or corporation by lending credit or taking stock prohibited To any person or corporation by donation or gratuity prohibited Aid of County or City to person or corporation prohibited Amendments to Appropriation and Revenue bills by Senate To Constitution A s p 3 4 4 1 1 9 1 1 15 7 2 2 6 16 5 3 7 11 1 1 5 3 7 17 12 1 4 3 7 13 3 7 21 3 4 4 3 7 24 3 7 24 5 1 17 7 2 1 9 1 1 1 1 14 7 5 1 7 16 1 7 6 1 3 7 10 13 1 1 191 7man AmendmentsContinued a s p To statute or code form of amendment act 3 7 17 Animals special tax may be imposed on vicious ones 7 2 1 Appeal from one jury to another in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6 From Ordinary to Superior Court 6 6 1 From Justice of the Peace to Jury or Superior Court 6 7 2 Appellate Jurisdiction of the Superior Court 6 4 4 Appointment of Legislator to another office prohi bited 347 By Governor to fill vacancies 5 1 14 Rejected by Senate effect of 5 1 15 Of State School Commissioner 8 2 1 Apportionment of Representatives how changed 3 3 2 Appropriation Acts authority of 12 1 3 Bills general and special 3 7 9 Bills must originate in House of Representatives 3 7 10 Bills yeas and nays must be recorded on 3 7 12 Bills may be approved in part 5 1 16 Necessary to authorize payment by Treasurer 3 7 11 For University of Georgia and College for colored pupils 8 6 1 Approval of Governor to BillsL 5 1 16 Of Governor to Resolutions and Orders 5 1 17 Arms right of citizens to bearmanner of bearing 1 1 22 Army of the State Governor is Commander of 5 1 11 Ayrest abuse under prohibited 1 1 9 Punishment for rescue from under order either House 3 7 2 Privilege of Elector from 2 3 1 Privilege of member Legislature from 3 7 3 Artificial limbs for Confederate soldiers 7 11 Assemble right or people to do so guaranteed 1 1 24 Associate Justice of Supreme Court 6 2 1 Atlanta City Court of errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5 Attainder bill of prohibited 1 1 3 2 Attendance of members of the Legislature compelled 3 4 4 Attendance of members of Legislature privileges during 3 7 3 Attorney right to defend or prosecute by 1 14 Right of Defendant in criminal cases to have 11 5 General election of 6 10 1 General duties 6 10 2 192 AttorneyContinued A 8 P General salary li 6 13 1 General qualifications 6 14 1 Authority of Constitution treaties laws judgments etc 12 1 j B Bail shall not be excessive 11 9 Ballot election by the people shall be by 2 11 Banishment beyond the State prohibited 1 1 7 Banks may be incorporated by the Legislature 3 7 18 Bequests may be received by the University of Georgia 8 6 1 Bills number of readings necessary before passage 3 7 7 Majority of all members in favor of necessary to passage 3 7 14 Rejected not again proposed without consent of twothirds 3 7 13 Appropriation and Revenue must originate in House 3 7 10 Appropriations general and special requisites of 3 7 9 Appropriations must be passed by yeas and nays 3 7 12 Revision of by Governor Vetohow overruled 5 1 16 See Local Bills also Acts Bond required of Secretary of Senate and Clerk of House 3 8 1 Required of Secretary of State ComptrollerGenl and Treasurer 5 2 6 Required of Public Printer 7 17 1 Bonded debt not to be increased 7 12 1 Sale of States property to be applied to 7 13 1 Of county or city provisions for meeting 7 7 2 Bonds in cases involving an interested Judge cannot preside 6 2 3 Of State declared void not to be paid or submitted to suit Siei 7 11 1 Of Western Atlantic Railroad paid by proceeds of Road 7 13 1 Boundaries of counties toremain as now till changed by law 11 1 1 Bribery Conviction of disqualifies for office or voting 2 2 1 Bridges established by the Courts not Legislature 3 7 18 Bridges Ordinarys jurisdiction in matter of 6 6 2 Bridges taxation by county to keep up 7 6 2 Borrowing money by State laws for must specify purpose 7 4 1 193 A S P Buildings public exempt from taxation 7 2 2 Public tax by county to maintain 7 6 2 Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2 Burial places exempt from tax 7 2 2 C Canal Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18 Capital location of ordinance concerning 12 1 8 Capitol site for may be donated to the State 7 6 1 Censure of members of Legislature for misconduct 3 7 1 Certiorari writs of may be issued by Judge Superior Court 6 4 5 Challenge of voter oath to be administered 2 12 Conviction of sending or accepting disqualifies foroffice 2 4 2 Charitable institutions public exempt from taxation 7 2 2 Public aid from county or city t 7 6 1 Charter of Corporations amended on conditions 4 2 3 Chief Justice of Supreme Court presides in impeachment trialssee Supreme Court 3 5 4 Children legitimatized and names changed by the CourtsS 3 7 18 Church not to receive money from the State 1 1 14 Citizens of the State who are and right to protection 1 1 25 if the State entitled to vote when 2 1 2 City aid by donation or taking stock prohibited 7 6 1 Consent before Street Railroad can be built in 3 7 20 Courts of the State need not be uniform 6 9 1 Court appeals and new trials in 6 4 6 Court errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5 Court Judge may serve in Supreme Court when 6 5 1 Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7 1 Debt bonded provisions for meeting 7 7 2 Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8 1 Debt to be incurred only by authority of City Government 7 10 1 Public schools may be maintained by tax 8 4 i Civil authority superior to the military 1 1 19 Cases where tried 6 16 6 Cases judgment by Court without Jury when 6 4 7 Cases venue how changed 6 17 1 Jurisdiction of Superior Court 6 4 3 Jurisdiction of JusticesCourt 6 7 2 Clerical expenses of Treasurer Secretary of State and ComptrollerGeneral5 22 34 194 A 3 P Clerk of House of Representatives Compensation and Bond of i 3 8 1 Clerks of the Governor 5 1 19 Code sections not amended or repealed by reference to numbers5 3 7 17 Colleges exempt from taxation 7 2 2 For colored pupils 8 6 1 Colored pupils College for 8 6 1 Colored and white Public Schools to be separate 8 11 Commissioner of Schools appointed and salary of 8 2 1 Commissioners of county affairs authorized 6 19 1 Commissioners of county affairs authorized 11 3 1 Committee on Local and Special bills 3 7 5 Common Law Courts may be clothed with equity jurisdiction 1 6 5 2 Common School systemsee Education 8 1 1 Commutation power in the Governor 5 1 12 Tax for military services goes to Schools 8 3 1 Companies incorporation of 3 7 18 Volunteer military organization of v 10 1 2 Compensation for private ways and public use of property13 1 Of Clerk of House and Secretary of Senate 3 8 1 Of Jurors how fixed l 6 18 Extra not be granted officers or contractors 7 16 2 Competition arrangements by corporations to defeat void 4 2 4 ComptrollerGeneral must license Life Insurance Companies 3 12 2 Supervise deposits of Life Insurance Companies 3 12 3 Officer of Executive Department 5 11 Examination suspension and discharge of 5 1 18 Election of 5 2 1 Salary and Clerkshire 5 2 4 Eligibility and Bond of 5 2 6 Perquisites not allowed to 5 2 7 Must report to Governor 7 15 1 Confederate Soldiers pensions for 7 1 1 Public debt not to be paid T 7 11 1 Conscience right of not to be controlled 1 1 12 Liberty of does not excuse licentiousnesst 1 1 13 Consent of parties to vary general law in individual cases14 1 City to building Street Railroads within its limitsim3 7 20 195 A S P Constitution of Georgia may be altered or abolished by the people r 15 1 Authority of 12 1 2 Amendments ofI 13 1 1 Amendments by Convention1 13 1 2 To be submitted to the people 13 2 1 And United Stateslaws in violation of void 14 2 Of United States authority of12 1 1 Constitutional Convention provisions to call 13 1 2 Construction of Constitution not to deny rights not enumerated 15 5 Contempt limitation of Courts power to punish for 1 1 20 Either House of General Assembly may punish for 3 7 2 Contested Election for Governor 5 1 6 Contracts laws impairing obligation of void 13 2 By Government releasing power to tax void 4 11 By Government heretofore made not impaired 4 2 6 Between corporations defeat competition void 424 Judgments on without verdict when 6 4 7 Jurisdiction of JusticesCourts in cases of 6 7 2 Contractor not to receive extra compensation from GovernmentI 7 16 2 Conventionsee Constitutional Convention and Ordinances Conviction costs not to be exacted of defendant until 1 1 10 Does not work corruption or forfeiture 12 3 Of certain offenses disfranchises 2 2 1 Impeachment vote necessary 3 5 4 Dueling disqualifies for office 2 4 2 Copartners suits against where tired 6 16 4 Coroners County Tax to pay 7 6 2 Corporate powers what may be granted by Legislature 3 7 18 Corporators not to be damaged by revocation of charter 13 3 Corporations subject to police power and eminent domain 4 2 2 Legislation in favor of conditional 4 2 3 Acts ofvto defeat competition and monopolize voidO 4 2 4 Right to tax not to be released1 7 2 5 State not to take stock in aid or lend credit to 7 5 1 County or City not to take stock in aid or lend credit to 7 6 1 Donations to from State prohibited 7 16 1 196 C orp orationsContinued a s P Authority of rights already accrued to 12 1 5 Municipalsee City Costs not pay able by defendant till conviction jl 1 10 In Supreme Court 6 21 1 County Commissioners may be createdJ 6 19 1 11 3 1 Debt to be incurred by limitedL 7 7 1 Debt not to be assumed by State r 7 8 1 Debt bonded provisions for meeting 7 7 2 Not to aid or take stock in Corporation 7 6 1 Public Schools may be maintained by 8 4 1 Matters Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2 Officers election term qualification and removal 11 2 1 Officers and tribunals to be uniform in the State 11 3 1 Is a body corporate suits of and boundaries 11 1 1 New one not to be created H 1 2 Lines and site how changed 11 1 34 Merger ofx 11 1 5 Special acts authority of 12 1 4 Corruption of blood not worked by conviction 1 2 3 Courts power to punish for contempt limited 1 120 Power in matters denied to Legislature 3 7 18 Of the State 6 1 1 Not mentioned in Constitution may be abolished 6 20 7 Of Common Law may be vested with equity jurisdiction 6 4 2 Of same grade throughout State must be uniformA 6 9 1 Courts tax to pay expenses of r 7 6 2 Jurisdiction against Homestead denied 9 2 1 Authority of judgments and decrees of 12 1 5 Existing judgments afid decrees of ratifiedgf 12 1 6 See also Supreme Superior City and Justice Courts Credit of State not to be pledged to Corporations or persons 7 5 1 Creditors law to be provided for reaching concealed property of debtor 1 2 6 Not to be damaged by revocation of Charter 13 3 Crime conviction in what cases disfranchises 2 2 1 Lobbying declared to be 1 55 Criminal cases Jury judges of law and fact 1 2 1 Judge may grant new trial on conviction 1 2 1 197 Criminal CasesContinued Jurisdiction of Superior Court A 6 s 4 p 1 Rights of defendant in 1 1 5 Where tried 6 16 6 Venue when changed D Damages jurisdiction of Justices Courts in cases of 6 17 1 6 7 1 Death of Governor vacancy how filled 5 1 8 Officer vacancy how filled 5 1 14 Debate liability of Legislators for words spoken in 3 7 3 Debts Public taxation to pay 7 1 1 Public new debt contracted to pay 7 3 1 Power of State to contract restricted 7 3 1 Of County taxation to pay 7 6 2 Power of City or County to contract restricted To be incurred by City only on authority of City 7 7 1 Government 7 10 1 Of County or City not to be assumed by State Void and Confederate against State not to be 7 8 1 paid 7 11 1 Debtor Concealing Property provisions against 1 2 6 May waive Homestead 9 3 1 May waive Exemptions of the old Code 9 5 1 Decrees of Court authority and ratification of Defaulters of public moneys disqualified for Legisla 12 1 56 ture 3 4 7 Defend or prosecute in person or by attorney right to Defense under oath not filed Court to render judg 1 1 4 ment when 6 4 7 Of State debts may be contracted for 7 3 1 Deficiency of Revenue in State supplied by borrowing Of Revenue in City and County supplied by bor 7 3 1 rowing 7 7 1 Deposit required of Insurance Companies Of public funds Treasurer to receive no profit 3 12 from 5 2 5 Disabilities may be removed by Governor 5 1 12 Discrimination in Tariff by Railroad regulated 4 2 r Disorderly behavior in presence of Legislature punished 3 7 12 Disqualification to hold office or vote 2 2 1 Religious opinion is not 1 1 13 To hold office in more than one department 1 1 23 Of illegal holders of public money 2 4 1 Of Duelists 2 4 2 For Legislature and of legislator to other office 198 3 4 7 DisqualificationContinued A S Resulting from impeachment 3 5 Of Judge of Supreme Court who presides 6 2 Judge of Superior Court who presides 6 4 Judge of Superior Court when there is a City Judge 6 5 Of interested Judge in bond cases 6 2 Districts Senatorial number composition and chang of 3 21 Divorce exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 First and second verdicts in cases of 6 15 Suits where tried 6 16 Pomestic animals of vicious nature special tax on 7 2 Animals tax on goes to educational purposes 8 1 Donations by State prohibited 7 16 By State to University allowed 8 6 Drawer and Acceptor suits against where tried 6 16 Dueling conviction of disqualifies for office 2 4 Education Common School System established 8 1 Commissionerof Public Schools 8 2 Confined to English in local public schools 7 6 Confined to English in State public schools 8 1 Poll Tax for purposes of 7 2 Special Tax for purposes of 8 3 Taxation for purposes of by State 7 1 Taxation for purposes of by City or County 7 6 Appropriationsfor purposes of by City or County 7 6 Election by the people shall be by ballot 2 1 By the Legislature shall be viva voce 3 10 Days furnishing Liquor on prohibited 2 5 Privilege of Electors while attending 2 3 Precincts changed by Courts not Legislature 3 7 Returns where made 2 6 Of members General Assembly 3 4 Members General Assembly each house to judge of 3 7 President of the Senate J 3 5 Speaker of the House of Representatives 3 6 Governor 1 5 1 Governor returns how made 5 1 Returns opened and published 5 1 Governor by General Assembly 5 1 Contested 5 1 p 5 2 9 1 3 23 1 12 1 1 1 1 1 5 1 l 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 18 1 2 1 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 199 ElectionContinued a s P Special Zr 519 To fill vacancies in General Assembly 5 1 13 Of Secretary of State CompGenl and Treasurer 5 2 1 Judges of Supreme Court 6 2 4 Judges of Superior CourtitlC 6 3 2 Judges Supreme Superior Courts and SolGenl 6 12 1 Justices of the Peace 673 AttorneyGeneral 6 10 1 By City or County on creating a new Debt 7 7 1 City or County on School question 8 4 1 To change County Site 11 1 4 Merge one County into another 11 1 5 Election of County Officers 11 2 1 On amendments to Constitution 13 1 1 Ratification of Constitution 13 2 1 Electors who shall be so deemed 2 1 2 Registration of may be provided for 2 2 1 Privileges of while attending elections 2 3 1 Embezzlement of public funds disfranchises 2 2 Eminent Domain not to be abridged in favor of Corporations 4 2 2 Encumbrances Homestead liable for removal of 9 2 1 Endorsers suits against where tried 6 16 5 Equal Rights not to be infringed by Corporations 4 2 1 Equity Cases where tried 6 16 3 Jurisdiction is in Superior Court 6 4 1 Jurisdiction may be conferred on Common Law Courtsg 6 4 2 Errors in Superior and City Courts corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5 Of inferior judicatories corrected by Certiorari 6 4 5 Estate not forfeited by conviction 12 3 Excessive Bail and Fines forbidden 119 Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments are distinct 1 1 23 Department officers ofI 5 11 Department officers of report suspension and removal of 5 1 18 Powers vested in Governor 5 1 2 Exemption from Taxation and void Exemption 7 22 45 From Levy and Sale 9 1 1 From Levy and Sale waiver of 9 3 1 From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4 1 200 ExemptionContinued a s P From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act waiver of 9 5 1 Exhibitions special tax on goes to Public Schools 8 3 1 Expense of Clerks and Secretaries to Governor 5 1 18 Of Clerks of Secretary of State Comptroller General and Treasurer 5 22 34 Ex Post Facto Law not to be passed 1 3 2 Express Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7 18 Expulsion of Member of General Assembly for misconduct 7 1 Extra session of Legislature before November 1st 18781 3 4 3 Session of Legislature may be called by Governor 5 113 Compensation not to be allowed by Government 7 16 2 F Family each Head of entitled to Homestead 9 11 Fees not allowed officers of Executive Department 5 2 7 Not allowed AttorneyGeneral 6 13 1 Felony exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1 Females persons having care of entitled to Home steadli llii 9 1 1 Ferries established by Courts not Legislature 3 7 18 Ordinarys jurisdiction concerning 6 6 2 Fines imposed must not be excessive1 119 Imposed on member of Legislature for misconduct 3 7 1 Fire Insurance Companies deposit required of 3 12 4 Foreign Power Governor to receive no Emolument from J 5 12 Forfeiture of Estate not brought about by conviction 1 2 3 Of Recognizance relieved against when 3 7 19 Of Charter remitted only on conditions 4 2 3 Fraud Legislature may provide Punishment for 12 6 Judgmentsattacked for 12 1 5 Free Schoolssee Education 8 11 Freight on Railroads subject to regulation by lawi 4 2 1 Rebate not allowed nor deceit as to amount charged 1WsM 4 2 5 Furniture Waiver of Exemption not good against all 9 3 1 Funds of county Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2 Of Public officers not to profit from use of7 9 1 Sinking provided for 7 14 1 201 GENERAL ASSEMBLY Consisting of Senate and House is the Legislative powery Members of elected for two years Election when held Election returns where made Attendance of required Oath of Who are disqualified to be Disqualified for certain other offices Not to profit from use of public fundsk Not to be interested in public printing Seats of vacated by removal Punished for misconduct in each House Privileges ofk Per diem and mileage of i Majority of all necessary to passage of bill Officers of who are Quorum of to transact business Adjournment by less than a quorum Adjournment for more than three days etc Elections by shall be viva voce Of Judges of Supreme Court by 1st election Of Judges of Superior Court by 1st election Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral Of Governor by when Of Governor contested determined by May pardon commute of reprieve for treason May direct affixing of the Great Seal Sessions of are annual Of limited to 50 days Of extra may be called by Governor Of joint held in Representative Hall Each House of may compel attendance of members Is judge of electn and qualificatn of its membrs May punish for misconduct Must keep a Journal Has general power of legislation HAS POWER BY LAW TO Provide punishment for fraudjp For registration of voters For remoyal Secretary of State Comptroller A s p 3 1 1 1 3 4 1 3 4 2 2 6 1 3 4 4 3 4 5 3 4 7 3 4 7 7 9 1 7 17 1 3 4 8 3 7 1 3 7 3 3 9 1 3 7 14 3 8 1 3 4 4 3 4 4 3 7 24 3 10 1 6 2 4 6 3 2 6 12 1 5 1 5 5 1 6 5 1 12 5 3 1 3 4 3 3 4 6 5 1 13 3 10 1 3 4 4 3 7 1 3 7 12 3 7 4 3 7 22 1 2 6 2 2 1 202 General AssemblyContinued General and Treasurer For appeals in Superior and City Courts For appointments of Judge pro hac vice Commissioners for county affairs1r For organizing the Militia Prescribe manner of bearing arms Number of Jurors in Inferior Courts Who shall vote on School questions Change Senatorial Districts when Apportionment of Representatives Governors Salary by twothirds vote Salaries of Judges Attorneys and Solicitors General Substitute another officer for School Commissioner Establish Courts Abolish Courts not named in Constitution Confer Equity jurisdiction on Common Law Courts Authorize formation of Volunteer Companies Require Fire Insurance Companies to make deposit Subject corporate property to public use when Sell States property Make donations to University of Georgia Make donations to College for colored people Amend Constitution in manner provided Call Constitutional Convention as provided SHALL BY LAW Limit power of Courts to punish for Contempt Protect citizens in their rights Provide penalty against Lottery Agents Provide penalty against Lobbying Prohibit furnishing Liquor on election days Provide penalty against Treasurer receiving unlawful fee Provide for reaching concealed property of Debtor Compel Insurance Companies to report to Governor Regulate Freight and Passenger tariff Enforce provisions against monopolies etc Establish uniformity in local tribunalsT Provide for selection and compensation of jurors A Sinking Fund For letting Public Printing to highest bidder Setting apart and valuation of Homestead For appeals in Superior and City Courts A s p 5 1 18 6 4 6 6 4 9 6 19 1 10 1 1 1 1 22 6 18 1 S 4 1 3 2 3 3 3 2 5 1 2 6 13 2 8 2 1 6 1 1 6 20 2 6 4 2 10 1 2 3 12 4 4 2 1 7 13 1 8 6 1 8 6 1 13 1 1 13 1 2 1 1 20 1 1 25 1 2 4 1 2 5 3 5 1 5 2 5 1 2 6 3 12 5 4 2 1 4 2 7 6 9 1 6 18 23 7 14 1 7 17 1 9 4 1 6 4 6 203 General assemblyContinued a s p SHALL NOT PASS ANT LAW To restrain or curtail liberty of speech or press l 1 15 Respecting social status of citizens l 1 18 Of Attainder ex post facto impairing contracts l 3 2 Making irrevocable grants of special privileges l 3 2 To revoke grants to injury of creditors or corporators l 3 3 Of special nature when general law provides l 4 1 Varying general law affecting private rights without consent l 4 1 In violation of Constitution of Georgia or the United States l 4 2 Referring to more than one matter or different from title 3 7 8 Incorporating companies except for class named 3 7 18 Relieving against recognizances except as stated 3 7 19 Authorizing Street Railroad in city without citys consent 3 7 20 For benefit of particular corporations except on conditions 4 2 3 I i Authorizing one corporation to buy stock in another County or City to aid persons or corporations 7 6 i Payment of void bonds or Confederate debts 7 11 i Granting donation or gratuity to persons or Corpo rations 7 16 i Extra compensation to officer or contractors 7 16 2 See Tax God may be worshipped according to dictates of conscience 1 1 121 Governor an officer of the Executive Department 5 1 1 Executive powers vested in 5 1 2 Salary term and limitations of terms of office 5 1 2 Election installation and terms of election of 5 1 14 Of by the Legislature when 5 1 5 Qualification and oath of 5 1710 Death resignation or disability of 5 1 8 Secretary and Clerks of 5 1 19 Is Commander of the Army and Conservator of the Peace 5 111 12 May adjourn the Legislature when 3 7 24 Call Extra Session of the Legislature s 1 13 Direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 1 Pardon reprieve commute and remit penalties 5 1 12 Remove disabilities 5 1 12 With the Treasurer loan the Sinking Fund 7 14 1 Require services of AttorneyGeneral 6 10 2 204 Governorcontinued a s P Shall order elections to fill vacancies in Legislaturei 5 1 13 Fill vacancies in other offices 5 1 14 Offices of Judges and SolicitorsGeneral 6 12 1 Appoint State School Commissioner 8 2 1 Judge to preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2 Commission Notaries Public exofficio Justices of Peace 6 8 1 Examine and Publish Report of Comptroller and Treasurer 31 7 15 1 Proclaim result of Election on Constitution 13 2 2 Cannot appoint member of Legislature to office 3 4 7 A person rejected by Senate when 5 1 15 Has revision of bills and resolutions of Legisla turejpj 5 1 17 Supervision over Executive officers5 1 18 Government originates with people duty of 1 1 12 Exclusive right of the people to regulate 1 5 1 Legislative Executive and Judicial Departments distinct 1 1 23 Support of by taxation 7 11 Grants limiting power to tax void1 4 11 Irrevocable of special privileges void 13 2 Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 1 3 3 Great Seal of the State use and device of 5 3 1 Guardian of minors entitled to Homestead 9 1 1 H Habeas Corpus Writ shall not be suspended 1 1 11 Head of family entitled to Homestead 9 1 1 Homestead and Exemption to whom allowed and amount of 9 1 1 Not subject to levy and sale 9 2 1 Waiver and sale of 9 3 1 Setting apart of to be provided for9 4 1 Supplementalul 9 6 1 Already allowed good against old debts3 9 7 1 Ordinance effect of 12 1 8 Of 1868 sales of confirmed 9 8 1 Of 1868 sales and reinvestments of 991 Under DebtorsAct not repealed 9 4 1 Under DebtorsAct Waiver of 9 5 1 House secure from search except as provided 1 1 16 Soldiers not to be quartered in except as provided 1 19 Of Representativessee Representatives 205 Household furniture waiver of exemption on Husbands debts wifes property not liable for I Idiots disqualified to vote or hold office Immunities special not to be irrevocably granted Not to be revoked so as to work injustice Impeachment power in House of Representatives Power to tryin the Senate Chief Justice to preside at trial of Vote necessary to convict Effect of conviction St Governor cannot pardon in case of Imprisonment abuse under forbidden For debt prohibited For misbehavior in presence of Legislature Improvement on Homestead is part of Indictment copy to be furnished defendant on demand Inferior Judicatories errors of corrected by Certiorari Infirm persons entitled to Homestead Inherent rights not enumerated and not denied Insane persons not entitled to vote or hold office Inspection by Governor of Executive Offices Installation of Governor Insurance Department expense of Companies to make reports to Governor Chartered by Legislature Fire deposit made with Treasury Foreign and Home Life deposits required Foreign Life ComptrollerGeneral to license Interest on Public Debt taxation authorized to payintoxicating drinks not to be furnished on election days Insurrection and invasion in time of Bills may pass summarily1 Tax to suppress Bonded debt incurred to suppress Debts contracted to suppress Contracted by city or county to suppress assumed by StateL Invasionsee Insurrection Investment of funds raised by sale of homestead Irrevocable grants of special privileges void J Jeopardy more than once for same offense prohibited 206 A s p 9 3 1 3 11 1 2 2 1 1 3 2 1 3 3 3 6 3 3 5 3 3 5 4 3 5 4 3 5 5 5 1 12 1 1 9 1 1 21 3 7 12 9 2 1 1 1 5 6 4 5 9 1 1 1 5 2 2 2 1 5 1 18 5 1 3 5 2 4 3 12 5 3 7 18 3 12 4 3 12 13 3 12 2 7 1 1 2 5 1 3 7 7 7 1 1 7 12 1 7 3 1 7 8 1 9 3 1 1 3 2 1 1 8 A S F Joint obligors suit against where triedr 6 16 4 Owner in property State shall not become 7 6 1 Journal each Hquse of the General Assembly shall keepT1 fjj Original preserved in the office of Secretary of State Yeas and nays to be recorded in at request of one fifth 3 7 6 Yeas and nays to be recorded in when twothird vote is required 3 7 21 Must show majority of all members voted for bills passed 3 7 14 Must contain proposed amendments to Constitution 13 1 1 Of House must contain vote of elections by Legislature 3 10 1 Judge disqualified to preside in bond cases if interested in the bonds 6 3 Pro hac vice Legislature may authorize 6 4 9 May grant new trials in cases of conviction 1 2 1 See Supreme Superior and City Courts Judicial Legislative and Executive Departments distinct i 1 1 23 Powers of the State where vested6 1 1 Judiciary to declare unconstitutional acts void 14 2 Judgment of Impeachment extent of 3 5 5 Of Supreme Court may be withheld one termi 6 2 7 Without verdict of Jury whenl 6 4 7 Of Courts authority of 12 1 5 Heretofore rendered ratified 12 1 6 Jurisdiction of Supreme Court 6 2 6 Of Superior Court 6 1 Of Superior Court appellate 6 4 4 Of Ordinary 7 6 6 1 Of Ordinary County mattersJ 6 6 2 Of Justices of the Peace 6 7 2 Against Homesteads denied 9 2 1 Jury right of trial by an impartial 1 1 6 Right of trial by Guaranteed 6 18 1 Judges of law and fact in criminal cases 1 2 1 Appeal from one to another in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6 From Justice of the Peace to 6 207 JuryContinued a s p Grand to recommend Commissioned Notary for appointmentj 6 8 1 Grand and Traverse selection and qualification of 6 18 2 Compensation of how fixed 6 18 3 Tax by county to pay7 6 2 Justice of the Peace may be member of Legislature 3 4 7 Part of Judiciary 6 1 1 Election Commission and removal of6 7 3 Term of 6 7 1 Jurisdiction Sessions and Appeals6 7 2 Ex Officio 6 8 1 K Kitchen furniture waiver of exemption off 9 3 l L Labor done on Homestead Homestead is liable for 9 2 1 Land cases involving title to brought in Superior Court 6 4 1 Cases involving title to tried at what place 6 16 2 Homestead and Exemption on 9 11 Larceny conviction of disfranchises1 2 2 1 Law due process of required to affect rights of persons 1 1 3 Laws of general nature must have uniform operation 14 1 Of general nature affecting private rights how varied 1 4 1 Unconstitutional are void 1 4 2 For more than one matter or different from title void 3 7 8 Majority vote of all members necessary to pass 3 7 14 For tax shall be general 7 2 1 Not repealed or amended by reference to title alone1 3 7 17 For borrowing money must be specific 7 4 1 To change County lines must be a general law 11 1 3 Of general operation 12 Of United States authority of 12 1 1 Of Georgia authority of 12 1 3 Local and special authority of 12 1 4 See Local also General Assembly Learning Sertiinaries of exempt from taxation 7 2 2 Legislative power is in the General Assembly 3 1 1 Executive and Judicial Departments distinct 1 1 23 LegislatureSee General Assembly Legitimate Children power in Courts 3 7 18 208 A S Levy and Sale exemptions from 9 1 Libels in prosecutions for truth may be given in evidence 1 2 Liberty person to be deprived of only by due process of law 1 1 Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 1 1 Of Conscience not to be controlled 1 1 Of speech or press not to be curtailed 1 1 Libraries Public may be exempt from taxation 7 2 Licentiousness not excused on account of liberty of Conscience 1 1 Life person not to be deprived of but by due process of lawu 1 1 Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 1 1 Crimes involving jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 See Insurance Lines of County to be changed under operation of general law 11 1 Liquor special tax on for Educational purposes 8 3 Not to be furnished on Election days 2 5 List of witnesses to be furnished defendant on demand 1 1 Litigation tax by County to pay expenses of 7 6 Literary Associations may be exempt from taxation 7 2 Loans to State for casual deficiencies of revenue 7 3 County or City for casual deficiencies of revenue 7 7 Of Sinking Fund by Governor and Treasurer 7 14 Lobbying is a crime Legislature must provide a penalty 1 2 Publication of before passed 3 7 Acts authority of1 12 1 School Systems existing not affected hereby 8 5 Lottery Tickets sale of prohibited 1 2 M Macon and Brunswick Railroad if sold proceeds where applied in 7 13 Majority of each branch of Legislature constitute quorum 3 4 Of all members of each House necessary to pass bill 3 7 Malfeasance in office disfranchises 2 2 Malpractice in office by Justice of the Peace removal for aI 6 7 p 1 1 3 12 15 2 13 3 8 1 3 1 1 5 2 2 1 1 1 5 16 4 1 4 1 4 14 l 3 209 A S Mandamus issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4 Marriage does not divest wife of her property 3 11 Material furnished Homestead it is liable for 9 2 Matter different from title not to be contained in bill 3 7 Members of General Assemblysee General Assembly Merger of countiesn i Message of Governor L 5 l Mileage of the members of the General Assembly 3 9 Military authority subordinate to Civil 1 1 Commission except in Militia disqualifies for Legislature 3 4 Service commutation for goes to Public Schools 8 3 Companies Volunteer organizationst 10 1 Companies Volunteer paid only when called by State 10 1 Militia officers maybe members of Legislature 3 4 Governor is commanderinchief of 5 1 District one Justice of the Peace for each 6 7 District one commissioned Notary for each 6 8 Organization of may be provided for 10 1 Paid only when called out by State 10 1 Minors family of entitled to Homestead 9 1 Ministerial officer not to levy on Homestead 9 2 Misconduct of member of Legislature how punished 3 7 Mistrial in criminal cases authorizes a second trial 1 1 Money not to be donated by State to any church etc 1 1 Illegal holders of public disqualified for office 2 4 Public defaulters of disqualified for Legislature S 3 4 Authority and manner of drawing from Treasury 3 7 Borrowed by State laws for and use of Il 7 4 Monopoly provisions against 4 2 Municipal Corporationsee City N Names of children changed by Courts 3 7 Navigation Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7 Navy of State Governor is Commander of 5 1 New trial in criminal cases authorizes second trial 1 1 In criminal cases may be granted on conviction 1 2 May be granted by Superior and City Court6 4 Counties not to be formed 11 1 Notaries Public commissioned part of Judiciary 6 1 Appointment commission and powers 6 8 Novation of charter what shall so operate 4 2 210 p 5 1 8 5 13 1 19 7 1 2 3 7 11 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 8 14 1 7 11 1 4 18 18 11 8 1 6 2 1 1 3 o A S P Oath of voter if challenged 2 12 Of member of General Assembly3 4 5 Of Governor 5 1 10 To pleas 6 4 7 Obligation of contracts not to be impaired by law 1 3 2 Of contracts heretofore made by State binding 4 2 6 Office illegal holders of public money ineligible for 2 4 1 Who may not hold 2 2 1 Impeachment removes from and disqualifies for 3 5 5 Profiting from use of public money disqualifies fork 7 9 1 Conviction of Dueling disqualifies for 2 4 2 Religious opinion does not disqualify for 1 1 13 In gift of Governor or Legislature legislator disqualified for1 3 4 7 Malfeasance in disfranchises 22 1 Officers are trustees of the people and amenable to them 11 1 Of one department disqualified to act in another 1 1 23 Returns of election of where made 2 6 1 Of State or the United States disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7 Of Militia or Justice of the Peace may be legislator 3 4 7 Of General Assembly who are1 5 1 1 Of Executive Department who are 3 8 1 Of Executive Department report suspension and removal of 5 1 18 Profiting from use of public fund punishable 7 9 1 Extra compensation to after service prohibited 7 16 2 Not to be interested in Public Printing 7 17 1 Not to levy on Homestead1 9 2 1 Of County election removal and disqualification of 11 2 1 Of County to be uniform except Commissioners 11 3 1 Now existing to continue till successor qualified 12 1 7 Order passed by Legislature must have Governors ap proval 5 1 17 Ordinances rejected not to be again proposed unless by twothirds vote 3 7 13 Must have but one subjectmatter and same as title 3 7 8 Of the Convention authority of 12 1 3 Of the Convention to have effect of laws 12 1 8 See Ordinances in Appendix 211 A S Ordinary Courts of parts of Judiciary 6 1 Courts of jurisdiction of 6 6 Term of office 6 6 Origin of Government is with the people 1 1 P Papers secure from search and seizure except as provided1 1 1 Pardon removes political disabilities of convict 2 2 Of Duelists removes political disabilities of convict 2 4 Power in Governor must report to the Legislature 5 1 Passage of bills readings necessary 3 7 Of Bills majority of all members necessary 3 7 Passenger Tariffrestriction on 4 2 Paupers jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 Affidavit relieves from costs in Supreme Court 6 Tax for support of 7 6 Paysee Compensation Salary Peace soldiers not to be quartered in houses in time of 1 1 Governor is conservator of 5 1 Penitentiary crimes punishable in to be tried in Superior Court 6 4 Per diem of members of the Legislature 3 9 Perquisites not allowed officers Executive Department 5 2 Not allowed AttorneyGeneralI 6 13 From use of public funds by officers punishable 7 9 Persons and property to be protected by Government 1 1 Not to be molested for religious opinionsi 1 1 Rights not to be affected but by due process of lawj 1 l May prosecute or defend in person or by attorney 1 1 Charged with offenses rights of 1 1 Life or liberty not to be jeopardized but once for same crime 1 l Houses and papers secure from illegal search 1 1 Personalty amount of exemption of from levy and sale 9 l Petitions and remonstrance right of guaranteed 1 1 Pleas under oath in certain cases required 6 4 Police of the State right of people to regulate 1 5 Power not abridged in favor of corporations 4 2 Policyholders in life Insurance Companies protected 3 12 Poll tax not to exceed one dollar 7 2 Goes to educational purposes 8 3 212 p l l 3 1 16 1 2 12 7 14 15 2 19 12 1 1 7 1 1 2 13 3 4 5 8 16 1 24 7 2 13 3 1 A S Practice in courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 Precincts for elections how changed 3 7 President of Senate elected by Senate viva voce 3 5 Must sign acts 3 7 Per diem 3 9 Presides in joint session 3 10 Acts as Governor when 5 1 Press liberty of not to be curtailed 1 1 Printing public to be let to lowest bidder 7 17 Prisoners not to be abused 1 1 Tax for support of by counties 7 6 Private ways to be allowed only on compensation paid 1 3 Acts authority of 12 1 Rights accrued bylaw authority of 12 1 Privileges special not to be irrevocably granted 1 3 Special not be revoked so as to do injustice 1 3 Probate jurisdiction in Ordinary 6 6 Proceedings of Legislature to be kept in journals 3 7 Of courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 Process of law necessary to affect persons in their rightsi 1 1 Proclamation of Governor calling extra session 5 1 Of Governor on ratification of Constitution 13 2 Prohibition writs of issued by Judge of Superior Court i 6 4 Prolongation of Legislative session by twothirds vote 3 4 Resolutions not submitted to Governor 3 7 Promissory notes suits on where tried 6 16 Property of person not to be molested for religious opinions 1 1 Protection to shall be impartial and complete 1 1 Not taken for public use without compensation 1 3 Concealed by debtor to be reached by law 1 2 Of wife not subject to husbands debts 3 11 List of exempt from tax i 7 2 Amount of exempt from levy and sale 9 1 Protection to person and property paramount duty of Government j 1 1 Prosecution rights of defendants in cases of 1 1 Provision waiver of exemption of restricted i 9 3 Public Funds embezzlement of disfranchises 2 2 Officer not to receive profit from use of 7 9 Treasurer not to receive profit from use of 5 2 See Money p 1 11 8 13 3 1 1 18 5 9 2 1 4 5 2 3 1 4 1 3 13 2 5 6 23 5 13 2 1 6 1 2 1 2 5 1 1 1 5 213 9 Public use of private property without compensation A s p prohibited 1 3 1 Buildings jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2 Buildings tax by county for authorized 7 6 2 Debt and institutions tax for Property charitable institutions and libraries ex 7 1 i empt from tax 7 2 2 Printing let to lowest bidder Printing officers of Government not to be inter 7 17 1 ested in 7 17 1 School systemsee Education Publication of ones sentiments right of not to be cur 8 1 1 tailed 1 1 15 Journal of General Assembly 3 7 4 Receipts and disbursements of Treasury 3 7 11 Intention to introduce Local Bills Reports of Secretary of State Comptroller and 3 7 15 Treasurer 7 15 1 Proposed amendment to Constitution Punishment for crime by whipping or banishment pro 13 1 1 hibited 1 1 For contempt by Courts limited 1 1 20 Not to be cruel or unusual 1 1 9 Purchase of State Bonds with sinking fund 7 14 1 Money homestead liable for 9 2 1 Purchaser of old Homestead how affected Q Qualification for Governor 9 8 1 5 1 7 For Senator 2 5 1 For Representative 3 6 1 Each House to judge of as to its own members 3 7 1 Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Solicitor 5 2 6 and AttorneyGeneral 6 14 1 County officers 11 2 1 Quarantine tax by county for expenses of 7 6 2 Quorum of each branch of Legislature is a majority 3 4 4 Of Supreme Court R Railroad maybe incorporated by Legislature 6 2 1 3 7 18 Freights and Tariff subject to legislation 4 2 1 May build branch roads free from conditions of 4 2 3 Shall not deceive publieras to rates See Corporations 4 2 5 214 Rates of freight and passage subject to legislation Public not to be deceived as to amount charged Realty Homestead of T Rebate of rates charged by Railroad not allowed Recognizance when Legislature may relieve from forfeiture ofi Reelection Governor not eligible for four years after two terms Registration of Electors may be required by law Denomination not to receive money from State Of forfeited Charter only on conditions Remonstrance and petition right of guaranteed Removal of legislator from district vacates his seat Of disabilities in power of Governor Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer From office Of Treasurer and Comptroller to the Governor Representatives election and term of Qualification of House of part of General Assembly Number andApportionment of members of Apportionment how changed Representatives House of Speaker of how elected Journal ofsee Journal Representation of Constitutional Convention appor Resolutions of Appropriation must be passed by yeas A s P t 3 m 20 4 2 1 4 2 5 9 1 1 4 2 5 3 7 19 5 1 2 2 2 1 5 1 15 3 7 13 by 1 1 13 1 1 14 7 2 2 5 1 12 4 2 3 1 1 24 3 4 8 5 1 12 5 1 18 6 7 3 11 2 1 3 5 5 3 7 17 3 12 5 7 15 1 3 4 12 3 6 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 6 2 3 8 1 3 6 3 3 7 15 i 3 7 10 13 1 2 5 1 12 2 1 2 5 1 8 3 7 12 215 ResolutionsContinued Requiring Governors approval Requiring a twothirds vote yeas and nays must be recorded Having effect of law result of rejection Retroactive legislation prohibited Returns of election of Legislators each House to judge for itself i To whom made Of Governor how made Of Governor how published2 Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer On Ratification of Constitution Revenue bills must originate in House of Representatives j Deficiencies of in State supplied by loans1 Deficiencies of in County or City And roads County Commissioners fort Rights not enumerated are not denied Roads jurisdiction in Ordinary Tax for keeping up by County And revenue County Commissioners for A s p 5 1 17 3 7 21 3 7 13 1 3 3 3 7 1 2 6 1 5 1 4 5 1 5 5 2 1 13 2 2 3 7 10 7 3 1 7 7 1 11 3 1 1 5 2 6 6 1 7 6 2 11 3 1 S Sailor in U S Service not entitled to vote because not stationed here Salary of Governor Of Treasurer Secretary of State and Comptroller Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and SolicitorsGeneral Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts how changed Of State School Commissioner Sale of States property proceeds to go to public debt Exemptions from Of Homesteads how affected Of old Homesteads how affected Of old Homestead heretofore made ratified Savannah errors of City Court of corrected in Supreme Court Scire Facias writ of issued by Judge Superior Court Schools Public how established by city or county Public existing local system not affected Not public may share school fund when See Education 2 1 2 5 1 2 5 223 4 6 13 1 6 13 2 8 2 1 7 13 1 9 1 1 9 3 1 9 9 1 9 8 1 6 2 5 6 4 5 8 4 1 8 5 1 8 5 1 216 A S P Seal Great use and design of 5 8 1 Search of persons houses and papers warrant for 1 1 18 Seconds in Duel on conviction disqualified for office 2 4 2 Secretary of State returns of election to be made to 2 1 9 Officer of Executive Department 5 11 Election of 5 2 1 Salary and Clerk hire of 5 2 3 Eligibility and Bond of 5 2 6 Perquisites to forbidden 5 2 7 Is keeper of Great Seal 5 3 1 Senate compensation and bond of 3 8 1 Governor compensation of 5 1 19 Securities on forfeited recognizances when relieved 3 7 19 Seizure of persons and papers provisions against 1 1 16 Seminaries of learning may be exempt from tax 7 2 2 Senate is a branch of General Assembly 311 Consists of 44 membersjjL 3 2 1 May propose amendments to appropriation and revenue billsj 3 7 jq Impeachments to be tried before 3 5 3 Senate nomination rejected by effect of 5 1 15 President and Secretary ofSee President and Secretary Senatorial Districts number composition and change fWjjfj 3 2 123 Senators number not to be increased 3 2 3 Election and term of 3 4 12 Qualification of 3 5 1 Sentence commuted or remitted by Governor 5 1 12 Servitude involuntary except as punishment for crime prohibited 1 1 17 Sessions of General AssemblySee General Assembly Of Supreme Court 6 2 5 Of Superior Court 6 4 8 Of Justices Court 6 7 2 Setting aside Homestead laws to be provided for 9 4 1 Shares in one corporation not to be bought by another to monopolize 424 Shows special tax on goes to educational purposes 8 3 1 Sinking fund provided for 7 14 1 Site of county how changed 11 1 4 Slavery forbidden 1 4 47 Social status of citizens not subject of legislation 1 1 18 217 Soldiers not to be quartered in private houses except when Of U S not to vote on account of being stationed here Artificial limbs for maimed Confederates SolicitorGeneral term of office and duties of Election by the Legislature Salary of Qualification of Speaker of House of Representatives how elected Must sign Acts Per diem of Acts as Governor when Special law not to be enacted when provision is made by general law Changing general law in particular cases how passed For benefit of corporation conditional Election of Governor See Local Speech Liberty of not to be curtailed State aid to corporations or persons in any manner prohibited State aid by donation prohibited To religious donation prohibited Printer office abolished State School Commissioner election and term Statement of Treasurer to be published Stockholder in corporation State county or city not to be Street railroad not to run in city without consent of authorities Suits may be brought by or against counties Against State to test void or Confederate bonds prohibited See Venue Superior Court is part of Judiciary Jurisdiction of exclusive Jurisdiction of general and appellate Jurisdiction of to issue extra writs Appeal and new trials in Appeal from Ordinary to Appeal from Justices to Sessions of A s p 1 1 19 2 1 2 7 1 1 6 11 12 6 12 1 6 13 1 6 14 1 3 6 2 3 7 13 3 9 1 J5 1 8 1 4 1 1 4 1 4 2 3 5 1 9 1 1 15 7 5 1 7 16 1 1 1 14 7 17 1 8 2 1 3 7 11 7 56 1 3 7 20 11 1 1 7 11 1 6 1 1 6 4 1 6 4 co 1 6 4 5 6 4 6 6 6 j 6 7 2 6 4 8 218 Superior CourtContinued a s p Judge one for each circuit and term of 6 3 1 Election of U 6 12 1 Salary and qualification of 1 6 1314 1 May change venue when 6 IV 1 May preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2 May preside in City Court when 6 5 1 Appoints Notary Public ex officio Justice of the Peace l 6 8 1 Sanctions sale of Homesteadsi 9 38 1 Supplemental Homestead laws to be provided for 9 5 1 Supreme Court part of Judiciary j 6 11 Constitution of 1 6 2 1 Jurisdiction sessions and practice 6 25 67 Cost in and paupersaffidavit 6 21 1 Judges election and term 6 2 4 Judges election and vacancies how filled 6 12 1 Salary and qualification of6 1314 1 When disqualified in particular case 6 2 2 Suspension from office of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 1 18 T Tax to be paid before votingf 2 1 2 Defaulters ineligible to Legislature 3 4 7 By county Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2 By county or city to meet bonded indebtedness 7 7 2 By county or city for school purposes 8 4 1 By county limited to certain purposes 7 6 2 May be imposed by Legislature for what purpose 7 11 Must be uniform ad valorem and by general law 7 2 1 On domestic animals of vicious nature 7 2 1 Exemptions from other exemptions void7 2 24 Poll for educational purposes 7 2 3 Special for educational purposesi 8 3 1 States power to impose not to be restrained 4 11 Of corporations not to be surrendered 7 2 5 To raise a Sinking Fund L 7 14 1 Lien good against Homestead1Jl 9 2 1 Act authority ofj 12 1 3 Act must originate in the House 3 7 10 Telegraph Companies may be incorporated by Legisla ture 3 7 18 219 A S P Terms of office of Governor 5 1 2 Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 1 Judge of Supreme Court6 2 4 Judge of Superior Court 6 3 13 Justice of the Peace 6 7 1 Ordinarys 6 6 3 Attorney and SolicitorGeneral 6 1011 1 State School Commissioner 8 2 1 County officers 11 2 1 Members of General Assembly 3 4 1 Testimony criminating himself witness not obliged to give 1 16 Title law must not contain matter different from 3 7 8 To land cases involving where brought 6 16 2 To land cases involving jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1 Treason what is and how convicted of 1 2 2 Conviction of disfranchises 2 2 1 Pardon respite or commutation for 5 1 12 Treasurer election and term of office 5 2 1 Examination by Governor 5 1 18 Officer of Executive Department 5 11 Removal ofjV 5 1 18 Salary and Clerks hire of 5 2 2 Perquisites not allowed 5 2 7 Fee other than salary not allowed to 5 2 5 Bond and qualification of 5 2 6 To receive deposits from Fire Insurance Companies 3 12 4 To make quarterly reports to Governor 7 15 1 And Governor authorized to loan Sinking Fund 7 14 1 Draw money from Treasury in what manner 3 7 11 Treaty force and authority of 12 1 1 Trial a speedy and impartial one is the right of defendant 115 By jury remains inviolate 6 18 1 Tribunals in the various counties to be uniform 11 3 1 Trustees of the people public officers are 111 The University of Georgia may accept donations etc 8 6 1 Families of minor children entitled to Homestead 9 1 1 U Unexpired term of Governor special elections 5 1 9 Judges of Supreme Court 6 2 4 220 Unexpired termContinued A S Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and SolicitorsGeneral 6 12 Uniformity required in operation of general laws 1 4 In county officers and tribunals11 3 In courts of same gradelMS 6 9 In taxationj7 2 University of Georgia appropriation to 8 6 United States Constitution acts in violation of void 14 Treaties and laws authority of 12 1 Soldiers not entitled to vote for being stationed here 2 1 V Vacancy in office of Governor 5 1 Judge of Supreme Court 6 2 Judge of Superior Court 6 3 Judge Supreme and Superior Courts and Solicitor General 6 12 Members General Assembly 5 1 Governor may fill when not otherwise provided 5 1 Validity of bonds not to be tried by Judge who is interested 6 2 Declared void by Constitution not subject to suit 7 11 Valuation of Homestead laws to be provided for 9 4 Venue in cases of divorceT 6 16 Of land titles 6 16 Of Equity 6 16 Against joint obligors acceptors indorsers etc 6 16 Civil and criminal generally 6 16 Civil and criminal changed how 6 17 Verdicts judgments without when 6 4 First and second in divorce cases 6 15 Veto of Governor overruled by twothirds vote 6 7 Viva voce voting by General Assembly 3 10 Void bonds of State not to be paid 7 11 Volunteer companies organization of 10 1 Not paid unless called out by State 10 1 Vote by the people shall be by ballot 2 1 Who is entitled toOath of voter 2 1 Who not entitled to 2 2 By General Assembly to be viva voce 3 10 Of twothirds being required yeas and nays must be recorded 3 7 p 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 8 4 2 1 13 14 3 1 1 1 2 3 45 6 1 7 1 23 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 21 221 Y oteContinued Of twothirds being required does not do away with Governors approval 3 7 Of twothirds overrides Governors veto 3 7 Of General Assembly having effect of law submitted to Governor Of General Assembly in elections must appear in House Journal 10 W Waiver of Homestead 8 3 Of old exemption War bonded debt may be increased for purposes of 7 12 Debt of county or city for may be assumed by State Debt may be contracted to defend State in time of 7 3 Quartering soldiers in house in time of 1 1 Tax to defend State in time of 7 1 Warrant for search how obtained 1 1 Ways private may be granted after compensation paid Wearing apparel waiver of exemption on limited 93 Western Atlantic R R if sold proceeds how ap lied 7 13 Whipping as punishment for crime prohibited 1 1 White and colored public schools to be separate 8 Widows pensions provided forit 7 Wifes property is her separate estate after marriage 3 11 Wild Land Clerk compensation of p Witnesses in criminal cases rights of defendants as to 1 1 Not compelled to criminate themselves1 1 Two necessary to convict of treasonj Worship of God may be according to conscience 1 1 Place of may be exempt from tax 7 2 Y Yeas and Nays to be Recorded in Journal At request of onefifth On appropriation bills and resolutio is 3 7 When twothirds vote is required 3 7 On amendments to Constitution 13 1 p 23 23 17 1 1 1 1 1 1 19 16 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 5 6 2 12 2 6 12 21 I 222