THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA eoACj t Cevt rcdf MANUAL OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA 19071908 PREPARED UNDER JOINT RESOLUTIONS OF THE SENATE ANDJjHOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES s i 4 7 V NOV 1 81943 v EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT STATE OF GEORGIA HOKE SMITH t Governor C M HITCHfy JOSIAH CARTER Secretaries Executive Department J B HOYL Private Secretary A J SCOTT AdjutantGeneral GEORGE TUMLIN K P B G PHILIP COOK Secretary of State WILLIAM A WRIGHT ComptrollerGeneral R E PARKr Treasurer JNO C HART AttorneyGeneral W B MERRITT State School Commissioner T G HUDSON Commissioner of Agriculture W S YEATESState Geologist C J WELLBORN State Librarian J W LINDSEYPension Commissioner PRISON COMMISSION JOS S TURNER Chairman TOM EASON CLEMENT A EVANS JAKEC MOORE Warden GOODLOE YANCEY Secretary THE GENERAL LIBRARY RAILROAD COMMISSIONER3THE UNJVERSTY QF GEORGIA WARNER H HILL ChairmanubrarY GIFT 1938 JOS M BROWN r y Q B STEVENS GEOr MONTGOVrPRY Secretary THE GENERAL LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ATHENS GEORGIA SoJA MEMBERS AND OFFICERS OF THE SENATE OF GEORGIA 1907 and J908 President JOHN W AKIN 42nd District Cartersville President Pro Tempore E T STEED 37th District Villa Rica Secretary CHARLES S NORTHEN Atlanta Assistant Secretary CHARLES P HANSELL Thomas ville Chief Cleric GUERRY BRANNON Georgetown Messenger FLYNN HARGETT Columbus Doorkeeper F G GRIEVE Milledgeville 6 O J 6 First DistrictChatham Bryan and Effingham W B STEPHENS Savannah Second DistrictLiberty McIntosh Tattnall and Toombs f JW HUGHESi Ludowici Third DistrictWayne Pierce Appling and Jeff Davis W WHALEY f Jesup Fourth DistrictyGlynn Camden and Charlton J J MATTOX Folkston Fifth DistrictWare Clinch and Coffee GEO W DEEN Waycross Sixth DistrictEchols Lowndes Berrien and Tift L J P KNIGHT Nashville Seventh DistrictBrooks Thomas Colquitt and Grady J A WILKESMoultrie Eighth DistrictDecatur Mitchell and Miller UJ S BUSH Colquitt Ninth DistrictEarly Calhoun and Baker S COWART Arlington Tenth DistrictDougherty Lee Worth and Turner iW L SIKES Sylvester Eleventh DistrictClay Randolph and Terrell A CRITTENDEN Shellman Twelfth DistrictStewart Webster and Quitman B STAPLETON Preston Thirteenth DistrictSumter Schley and Macon J E HAYSIMontezuma Fourteenth DistrictDooly Wilcox Pulaski and Crisp Y PEACOCK Fifteenth DistrictMontgomery Telfair Irwin Dodge and Ben Hill yT A J HENDERSON Ocilla I 7 y f Sixteenth DistrictLaurens Emanuel and Johnson W BRANTLEYDublin Seventeenth DistrictScreven Bulloch Burke and Jenkins E K OVERSTREETSylvania Eighteenth DistrictRichmond Glascock and Jefferson WILLIAM WALDENSpread Nineteenth DistrictTaliaferro Green and Warren Hr CyL MARION L FELTS Warrenton Twentieth DistrictBaldwin Hancock and Washington rJ D HOWARD Milledgeville Twentyfirst DistrictTwiggs Wilkinson and Jones H F GRIFFINJeffersonville Twentysecond DistrictBibb Monroe and Pike TS FELDER Macon Twentythird DistrictHouston Crawford and Taylor lA J JOHNSONMusella Twenthfourth DistrictMuscogee Marion and Chattahoochee 2FRANK GORDYColumbus Twentyfifth DistrictHarris Upson and Talbot 1 HUDSON Hamilton Twentysixth DistrictSpalding Butts and Fayette gif J FLYNT I Griffin Twentyseventh DistrictNewton Walton Clarke Oconee and Rockdale C H TURNER Conyers 4 n Twentyeighth DistrictJasper Putnam and Morgan Q L WILLIFORD 1 r i Madison Twentyninth DistrictWilkes Columbia McDuffie and Lincoln IRA E FARMER Thomson Thirtieth DistrictOglethorpe Madison and Elbert P M HAWES Elberton Thirtyfirst DistrictHart Habersham Franklin and Stephens CAMPt Carnesville Thirtysecond DistrictWhite Dawson and Lumpkin J W BOYDDahlonega Thirtythird DistrictHall Banks and Jackson G HARDMAN Commerce Thirtyfourth DistrictGwinnett DeKalb and Henry JE WINN BORN i Norcross Thirtyfifth DistrictCobb Fulton and Clayton E P DOBBSMarietta Thirtysixth DistrictCampbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas J W TAYLOR i Luthersville Thirtyseventh DistrictCatroll Heard and Troup sE T STEED Villa Rica Thirtyeighth DistrictHaralson Polk and Paulding W F WALKER Draketown Thirtyninth DistrictMilton Cherokee and Forsyth U LEWIS A HENDERSONCummings Fortieth DistrictUnion Towns and Rabun m Afjj A E LASHLEY ougHarriy T Fortyfirst DistrictPickens Fannin and Gilmer 4 WEAVER Ellijay Fortysecond DistrictBartow Floyd and Chattooga JNO W AKIN Cartersville Fortythird DistrictMurray Gordon and Whitfield C MARTIN Dalton Fortyfourth DistrictWalker Dade and Catoosa R BROCK RisingFawn Standing Committees of the Senate STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE ACADEMY FOR BUND Sikes Chairman Turner ViceChairman Griffin Hudson Hawes Lashley Henderson 39th AGRICULTURE Henderson 15th Chairman Stapleton ViceChairman Brantley Hughes Brock Johnson Bush Mattox Camp Walden Crittenden Walker Deen Waever Flynt Whaley Gordy ID 12 APPROPRIATIONS Hardman Chairman Hays ViceChairman Born Cowart Farmer Felder Henderson 15th Henderson 39th Knight Lashley Overstreet Stapleton Steed Walden Weaver Williford AUDITING Steed Chairman Weaver ViceChairman Felts Gordy BANKS WhaeEy Chairman Hawes ViceChairman Brantley Martin Crittenden Peacock Dobbs Walker 13 I CONGRESSIONAL AND LEGISLATIVE REAPPORTIONMENT Weaver Chairman Camp ViceChairman Griffin Martin Johnson CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS FeeTS Chairman Farmer ViceChairman Born Knight Camp Overstreet Felder Williford Flynt CORPORATIONS Cowart Chairman Hudson ViceChairman Brock Hawes Bush Henderson 15th Camp Mattox Farmer Walden Felts Walker f 14 COUNTIES AND COUNTY MATTERS Bush Chairman Hughes ViceChairman Boyd Sikes Camp Taylor Gordy Walker Hudson Weaver 1 EDUCATION AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS WieeiEord Chairman Boyd ViceChairman Crittenden Howard Deen Hudson Dobbs Lashlev Griffin Stapleton Hardman Steed Hawes Stephens Hays Turner Henderson 39th ENGROSSING Peacock Chairman Brock ViceChairman Crittenden Martin Hudson Steed 15 ENROLLMENT LasheEy Chairman Gokdy ViceChairman Boyd Knight Farmer Wilkes FINANCE Feeder Chairman WiEKES ViceChairman Bush Overstreet Cowart Peacock Deen Steed Flynt Stephens Hardman Walden Hays Whaley HALL AND ROOMS Wilkes Chairman Henderson 39th ViceChairman Cordy Taylor HYGIENE AND SANITATION Howard Chairman Hardman ViceChairman Gordy Taylor Sikes Turner 16 Bush Deen Dqbbs Felder Felts Griffin Sikes IMMIGRATION AND LABOR Hays Chairman Crittenden ViceChairman Henderson 15th Mattox Sikes Taylor Wilkes INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS Deen Chairman Johnson ViceChairman Whaley Williford JOURNALS Camp Chairman Martin ViceChairman Hudson Stephens 17 JUDICIARY GENERAL Overstreet Chairman FeynT ViceChairman Born Knight Camp Martin Farmer Peacock Felder Stephens Felts Wilkes Henderson 39th Williford Howard JUDICIARY SPECIAL Farmer Chairman Henderson 15th ViceChairman Brantley Bush Dobbs Felts Hughes Walker Weaver Whaley MANUFACTURES Dobbs Chairman Griefin ViceChairman Brock Hawes Crittenden Hughes Flynt y Peacock 21m 18 MILITARY AFFAIRS Hughes Chairman Stephens ViceChairman Bush Turner Hays Whaley Henderson 15th Williford MINES AND MINING Henderson 39th Chairman Mattox ViceChairman B oy d W alker Martin Weaver PENITENTIARIES Brock Chairman Dobbs ViceChairman Brantley Mattox Farmer Sikes Flynt Stapleton Griffin Taylor Hawes Walden Johnson Wilkes 19 If elder Gordy Griffin Brock Dobbs Johnson PENSIONS StapeETon Chairman Peacock ViceChairman Hudson Johnson Turner PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS Mattox Chairman Cowart ViceChairman Felts Stapleton PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR BranteEy Chairman Sikes ViceChairman Turner PUBLIC LIBRARY Born Chairman Bush ViceChairman Felder Flynl 20 PUBLIC PRINTING Hudson Chairman Born ViceChairman Crittenden Dobbs PUBLIC PROPERTY WaudUn Chairman DUN ViceChairman Stephens Taylor PUBLIC ROADS Boyd Chairman Feits ViceChairman Griffin Howard Henderson 39th Johnson RAILROADS Martin Chairman WhauEy ViceChairman Born Knight Bush Overstreet Cowart Peacock Deen Stapleton Farmer Steed Hays Walden Henderson 15th Wilkes Hughes Williford 21 Cowart Felder Felts Boyd Farmer Gordy Felder Flynt Hardman RULES The President Chairman Ex Officio Overstreet ViceChairman Hardman Knight Lashley SCHOOL FOR DEAF Crittenden Chairman Brantley ViceChairman Martin Mattox STATE OF THE REPUBLIC Walker Chairman Knight ViceChairman Hays Howard Overstreet 22 I STATE SANITARIUM Taylor Chairman Howard ViceChairman Born Henderson Boyd Mattox Brantley Sikes Brock Stephens Crittenden Turner Farmer Walker Hardman Weaver Hawes TEMPERANCE Knight Chairman Lasheey ViceChairman Brantley Hudson Brock Overstreet Cowart Peacock Hardman Stapleton Henderson 39th Whaley Hughes Wilkes UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA Stephens Chairman Boyd ViceChairman Henderson 15th Hughes Lashley Peacock Steed Williford W A RAILROAD FiyYNTj Chairman Walden ViceChairman Born Camp Deen Dobbs Hardman Hays Knight Martin Overstreet Steed THE PRESIDENT Rule 1 The President shall in his discretion suspend Discretion irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may dent L deem it needful V Rule 2 In all cases of election by the Senate the Presi when President dent shall yote In other cases he shall not vote unlesssha11 TOt the Senate shall be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the President may vote Rule 3 When two or more Senators shall rise at the fenatoM same time the President shall name the Senator entitled to be decided by the proceed Presidnt Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Presi President 1 1 to appoint dent unless otherwise ordered by the Senate committee Rule 5 The method of stating the question or any mo Method ot A stating a tion by the President shall be as follows All in favor ofs41 the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No dent And when a decision may seem doubtful to the President or a division of the Senate is called for by any one member of the Senate the President shall call upon the Senv ators in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Secretary he shall call upon the Senators to reverse their positions and the President shall announce the result Rule 6 The President may during a days sitting President J may name name any Senator to perform the duties of the Chair durenators A topieside ing any part of that sitting but no longer 27 28 Duty of Secretary when President is absent When no debate on appeals Appeals to be made at once Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the President shall be absent the President pro tempore shall preside and if both shall be absent the Secretary of the Senate shall call the Senate to order and shall preside until a President ro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the Senate The President pro tempore thus elected shall preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease Rule 8 On all appeals on questions of order of a personal character there shall be no debate Rule 9 All appeals from the decisions of the Chair shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said appeal is sought to be made Power of Rule 10 The President shall have power to suspend to suspend the Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect donate offi of duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the Senate within twentyfour hours thereafter for such action as the Senate may see fit to take in the premises wbn Rule 11 The President shall have power to cause the may order galleries and lobbies of the Senate cleared by the Mesiearedbies senSer anc Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so offending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the Senate to be dealt with for contempt of the Senate iio quorum Rule 12 When less than a quorum vote on any subject duty of under consideration by the Senate the President may order President the door of the Senate to be closed and the roll of Senators called by the Secretary and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the Senate and if any Senator present then refu es to vote unless excused such refusal shall be yhn deemed a contempt of the Senate fotcr tnif Rule 13 The President may at any time order the roll nays called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays 29 where a division of the Senate discloses the fact that a quorum of the Senate has not voted Rule 14 All questions as to priority of business to be Decision L i 11 on llie acted on shall be decided by the President without debate ON DECORUM AND DEBATE Rule 15 When any Senator is about to speak in debate or deliver any matter to the Senate he shall arise from his111 de tei seat and respectfully address himself to Mr President He shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject nor more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any Senator in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules 1 of the Senate the President shall call him to order in which case the Senator so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The Senate shall if Appeal appealed to decide and if the decision of the Senate be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offence shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled Expulsion from the Senate by a twothirds vote of the Senators which said vote shall be taken by ayes and nays Rule 16 If any Senator be called to order for words Exception spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writsPkea ing by the Secretary and read then admitted denied or explained by the Senator tfho spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the Senate may deem proper in regard thereto But no Senator shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the Senate for words spoken in debate if any other Senator has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken Rule 17 The members of the Senate shall forbear from siienc private conversation andpreserve silence until a speaking Senator shall have taken his seat dsignt Rule 18 The Senators shall avoid naming each other dng1 Sgda r i a tors when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by th districts they represent yotehen Rue Mo Senator shall vote upon any question in the in resmitd resuR f which he is personally interested and in every case where the seat of a Senator is being contested the sitting Senator and the contestant shall both retire from the Senate before the vote is taken Rule 20 Any Senator may have entered on the Journal a protest in writing against the action of the Senate said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the Senate nor any member thereof Senator is Rule 21 No Senator shall pass between the Chair and a Senator while he is speaking nor shall any Senator at the time of adjournment leave his seat until the President re Matters tires transpiring 82 Rule 22 Mo Senator shall in debate refer to any pri privated va4e conversation had with another Senator or to any mat tion not to ers which have transpired in any committee or in the preferred Senate STBS Rule 23 APPlause or hisses in the Senate chamber or in forbidden the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislative proceedings shall be promptly suppressed during6 Rule 24 During the calling or reading of ayes and nays yeasand on any qUestion no debate shall be had Sotfetn Rule N Senator can make than one motion at a timefe ata and whiIe the motion being put to the Senate he must resume his seat and he is not further entitled to the floor unless again recognized by the President Expiana Rulo 26 No Senator having asked and obtained leave of the Senate to explain hisvote on any question before the Senate shall be allowed more than ten minutes for such explanation unless said time is extended by a vote of the Senate 81 Rule 27 When the reading of any paper is called for Reading of 0 J 1 1 papers and the same is objected to by any Senator it shall be de termined by a vote of the Senate and this motion shall be decided without debate Rule 28 A motion to excuse a Senator from voting Motion to must be made before the Senate divides or before the call when made of the yeas and nays is commenced and it shall be decidedwithout debate except that the Senator making the motion rtig may briefly state the reason why in his opinion it ought to prevail DIVISION OF A QUESTION Rule 29 Any one Senator may call for a division of thecaii for question on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it Rule 80 The Senator calling for a division must state Division how made into how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by itself and be consistent and entire BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Rule 31 All bills and resolutions shajl be called in theBillsand order in which they stand on the calendar and before read caiiedin11 ing any bill or resolution the second or third time therder Secretary shall distinctly state its number and the name of the Senator by whom introduced Rule 32 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at Question the first reading and the question shall be Shall this bill reading be committed or engrossed In case of engrossment the entry thereof shall be made by the secretary and the bill shall not be amended thereafter unless subsequently committed In cases where the report of a committee is favEffect of orable to the passage of the bill the same shall be read a report of second time and passed to a third reading without question Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage report of committee 32 of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall withdrawn be Passed to a third reading unless recommitted Provided however that bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up for a second reading except by request of some member of the Senate Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the Senate Transmis Rule 33 No bill or resolution shall be transmitted to House by the House on the day of the passage thereof unless a ma majority 0 i vote Jonty of the Senators present shall so order Bills when Rule 34 No bill shall be printed until after the same printed i i i has been reported to the Senate by the committee to which it has been referred or by request of said committee and the order of the Senate agreeing thereto Buis ana Rule 35 All bills and resolutions shall be written or to be in M printed and shall have the name of the Senator introducwr mg ng same as well as the district he represents indorsed dorTedn on ck of the same and in the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same Reports of Rule 36 Where a bill ora resolution has been referred teorder anl reported by more than one committee or has been o action rep0rtej 0Q anj recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the Senate PRECEDENCE OF MOTIONS orderof Rule 37 When any subject is before the Senate for precedence C0n8i3erati0n or under debate no motion shall be received except the following to wit 1st A motion to adjourn 2d A motion to lay on table 3d A motion for the previous question 4th A motion to postpone indefinitely 5th A motion to postpone to a day certain 6th A motion to commit 7th A motion to amend Which said several motions shall have precedence in the order named 3a MOTION TO ADJOURN RuIg 33 A motion to adjourn is in no instance de debatbatable nor shall said motion be made a second time until further progress has been made in the business before the Senate Rule 39 A motion to adjourn to a particular day oren for a particular time is debatable Rule 40 The motion to adjourn can be made at any when time when the Senator moving it can legitimately obtain the floor Rule 41 A motion to adjourn may be made after theot motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no mofion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Secretary has called the first name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one Senator has been given or after a division of the Senate has been had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced Rule 42 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form Effector prevails it adjourns the Senate to the next sitting day ormnk time in course Rule 43 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed Hour of adby a prior resolution shall arrive while the vote of thefehStaS Senate is being taken by the yeas and nays the session ST shall continue until the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the Senate is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the Senate shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution 3 lm r 34 Amend MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE ment or camiouje Rule 44 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute ii n ta on the table shall be in order How mat Rule 45 A majority of a quorum voting may take taken from Irom the table at any time when the Senate is not engaged on any other measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been ordered to lie on the table Viewedre Rule 46 A motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes bieorbat Rule 47 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor amendabie the motion to take from the table is debatable or amendable behtabiedn Rule 48 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table excepting what can be taken up again when in Rule 49 A motion to lay on the table may be made after the motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the Senate has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on table is in order THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION Effect of Rule 50 The motion for the previous question shall be previous A A Question decided without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motions to adjourn or to lay on the table and when it is moved the first question shall be Shall the call for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative the motion to adjourn or to lay on the table can still be made but they must be made before the next question to wit Shall the main question be wow put is decided in the affirmative and after said last question is affirmatively decided by a majority vote said motions will be out of order and the Senate cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives 35 Rule 51 When the previous question has been ordered Tenty aUC lui 1 minutes the senate shall then proceed to act on the main question al without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate When the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such Senators as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule Rule 52 After the main question is ordered any SenVote how ator may call for a division of the Senate in taking the vote or may call for the yeas and nays but on all questions Yeas and on which the yeas and nays are called the assent of onefifth of the number present shall be necessary to sustain the call and when such call is sustained the yeas and nays shall be entered on the Journal Rule 53 The eflect of the order that the fimain quesEffect of don be now put is to bring the Senate to a vote on pend1 nT ing questions in the order in which they stood before tl4eredwas moved Rule 54 After the main question hs been ordered no Reconsidmotion to reconsider shall be in order until after the vote on when order the main question is taken and announced Rule 55 In all cases of contested elections where there contested elections is a majority and a minority report from the committee on privileges and elections if the previous question is ordered there shall be twenty minutes allowed to the member of said committee whose name is first signed to said minority report or to such member or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report THE GENERAL LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA STATE LIBRARY GIFT iqs THE GENERAL LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA ATHENS GEORi 36 How called Rule 56 The previous question may be called and ordered dered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include the entire bill to its parage or rejection can of the Rule 57 A call of the Senate shall not be in order whenii after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear rder upon an actual count by the President that a quorum is not present Questions Rule 58 All incidental questions of order arising after oforder a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE Effect Rule 59 When a bill resolution or other measure isunder consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session Notamend Rule 60 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open abl6 the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended When Rule 61 While the motion to indefinitely postpone applied6 takes precedent oyer a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motioncannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental questions such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal bf a motion and suspension of a rule Notre Rule 62 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be neWed renewed on any bill resolution or other measure after the same has once been voted down MOTION TO POSTPONE TO A DAY CERTAIN Rule 63 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it when and not in order to debate the merits of the question protowed posed to be postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the proposition to postpone and to show why one day is preferred to another 37 MOTION TO COMMIT Rule 64 Motions to commit may be made to refer aMotloiw J commit bill resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee Rule 65 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee and shall be first voted on Rule 66 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be allowed but where instructions are added the merits of the question can be debated Rule 67 A motion to commit may be amended by adding instructions or by substituting another committee for the one named by the Senator making the motion Rrfle 68 Any proposition that has been referred to any Motion to committee either standing or special may on motion be recommitted to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum MOTIONS TO AMEND Rule 69 There are three ways in which a proposition Amend A mentshoi may be amended to wit made 1st By inserting or adding words 2d By striking out words 3d By striking out and inserting words An amendment is itself subject to be amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Rule 70 When a bill or resolution is before theSenate Bill first p6rf6ct6i for consideration and amendments are pending thereto then the substitute and a substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be in order for the Senate to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then be on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adapted as the case may be by substitute uSm00 Rule 71 An amendment cannot be offered after the amend report of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution under consideration has been agreed to by the Senate unless said action of the Senate in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered writLg in Kule 72 All motions to amend any matter before the Senate must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added Priority Rule 73 On all questions whether in committee or in the Senate the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put Blanks Rule 74 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must be filled first before any motion is made to amench Caption Rule 75 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution amended ghaR not be considered or amended until the measure has been perfected ule 76 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the Senate shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Secretary in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Secretary without any motion being made in the Senate and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it Amend Rule 77 When a motion is made to amend by striking out and in out an inserting Secretary shall read the paragraph as serting it is then the words tobe stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended amnd f Rule 78 When a motion is made to amend by striking V out a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out 39 Rule 79 When any bill or resolution which originated in the Senate has been amended in the House and is before mental the Senate for action on the House amendment an amendmentmay be offered in the Senate to the House amendment but the Senate amendment to the House amendment cannot be further amended it must be agreed to or voted see rui im down Rule 80 A motion to amend an amendment made by Priority the House to a Senate bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment Rule 81 The questions which arise before the Senate respecting amendments by the House to a Senate bill or5 resolution are nients 1st A motion to agree to the House amendment 2d A motion to disagree to the House amendment 3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment 4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendment 5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment They take precedence in the above order RECONSIDERATION Rule 82 When the Journal of the preceding day shall Motion to r o J reconsider be read it shall be in the power of any Senator to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter has been previously reconsidered provided Such Senator shall notify the Senate of his intention to move such reconsideration at any time before the Journal is confirmed Rule 83 The notice of a motion to reconsider shall notshaii no be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it drawn might originally have been made Rule 84 No matter shall be reconsidered more than When there may be one reconsider ation once 40 order Hule 85 Motions for reconsideration shall be in order immediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action merits Rule 86 The action of the Senate upon an amendment considered may be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the section bill of resolution to which it relates Calender Rule 87 All bills reconsidered shall take their place at the foot of calendar of bills then in order for a third reading ABSENTEES M rning SpyLl R 8s The at the opening of each session majority 0 Senate shall not be dispensed with except by a ma te jority vote of the Senators present absentees Rule 89 Upon the call of the Senators ordinary and extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Secretary and shall appear upon the Journal COMPELLING ATTENDANCE compeiat Rule 90 Tbe power to compel the attendance of Senatendance fors jQ order to keep Qr secure qUOruri shall be vested in the President and to this end he may have the doors of the Senate closed When the doors are so closed no Senator shall be allowed to retire from the Senate without first obtaining leave from the Senate Sfrmsfc The Messenger of the Senate shall be ex officio SergeantatArms of the Senate and on order of the President may arrest any absentees and 4ring them before the Senate when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid 41 jCALL OF THE SENATE Rule 91 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall disclose the fact that no quorum of the Senate is present or qSentProwhen the President shall officially state the fact to the ceedulg5 Senate it shall be in order for any Senator to make a motion for a call of the Senate and when this motion is made the President shall state the question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the Senate prevail and if five of the Senators present shall vote in the affirmative the President shall order the Secretary to call the roll of Senators and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent witnout leave may by the order of the majority of the Senators present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by officers to be appointed ky the Mes senger for that purpose and their attendance secured and th Senate shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged MISCELLANEOUS RULES Rule 92 When a message is sent to the Senate it shall Messages be announced at the door of the Senate by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the Chair by the person through whom it may be sent Rule 93 Messages may be received at any time while Messages the door is open except while a question is being put ora Sleand ballot or a viva voce vote is being taken A message shall ered be presented to the Senate by the President when received or afterwards according to its nature and the business in which the Senate is engaged or its consideration may on motion be ordered by the Senate Rule 94 After a motion is stated by the President or t Motions read by the Secretary it shall be deemed to be in the pos session of the Senate but may be withdrawn at any time efore decision by consent of the Senate 42 memOTiais ule 95 Any member presenting a petition memorial etc or remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading No debate Rule 96 Any motion to suspend the rules or change the brder of business shall be decided without debate Motions Rule 97 Any motion not privileged containing new not privi t 1 7 legea matter shall lie at least one day on the table Record Rule 98 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Scretary shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting Not neces Rule 99 Where a motion is made by any Senator it shall sarytosec J J ond motion not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the Senate Commit Rule 100 After the announcement of the standing com tees how o enlaced1 mittees n0 other Senators shall be placed thereon unless it be at the request of a majority of the committee to be added thereto except when Senators have been elected to fill vacancies caused by death or otherwise the President may assign said Senators to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships ofthffloor 101 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor of the Senate except the Senators and officers thereof the officers and members of the House the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive Department exGovernors Judges of the Supremeand Superior Courts in actual commission expresiding officers of the Senate and House and such others as the Senate may allow upon recommendation of the committee on the privileges of the floor Duty of Rule 102 It shall be the duty of the Committee on on journals Journals to read the Journal of each days proceedings and report to the Senate that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Secretary Rule 103 The hour to which the Seale shall stand adjourned every day shall be 10 oclock a m of the succeed Adjourn ment 43 mg day except Sunday unless otherwise ordered by the Senate Rule 104 A motion for the call of the yeas and naysyesand shall be decided without debate debatable Rule 105 All writs warrants subpoenas issued by order of the Senate shall be signed by the President and attestedicreuifv by the Secretary Rule 106 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to at jrnfgcr tend to the wants of the Senate while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the President and to execute the demands of the Senate from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the President Rule 107 The Messenger under the direction of the Messengers duty in dis Secretary shall superintendthe distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed to the memetcbers he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them Rule 108 No committee shall deface or interline a bill interiinea tion for resolution or other paper referred to said committee butbiddenshall report any amendments recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate Rule 109 No pairing of members shall be recognized Pairing or allowed as an excuse for not voting Rule 110 Whenever any Senator moves that a Comcommittee mittee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the twoenceHouses naming the number of members be appointed if said motion prevails the President shall appoint a committee on the part of the Senate and in such case the committee shall consist only of such Senators as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the Senate and if by Jnadvertence any Senator be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the Senate and be excused bythe President 44 Amend ments Motion Majority and minority reports What motions lie on table Changing votes Questions of privilege Elections Appropriate g moneyyeas and nays called and recorded Must oiiginate iu house representatives Rule 111 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the Senate it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the Senate but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment Rule 112 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first in order Rule 113 All reports of a committee shajl be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent Rule 114 Every motion to alter the rules of the Senate or for information from the Executive or departments shall lie on the table one day Rule 115 On the call of the yeas and nays the Secretary shall read the names of the Senators after they have been called and no Senator shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question Rule 116 Questions of privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the Senate collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of Senators individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions except a motion to adjourn Rule 117 In all elections a majority of the Senators present shall be necessary to a choice Rule 118 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless Upon its passage the yeas and nays are called and recorded All bills for raising reve enue or appropriating money must priginate in the Housof Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills 45 Rule 119 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of Amend twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of act or resolution the yeas and nays on the passage thereof fjfii jn shall be entered on the Journal j and when any amend Journals ment to Constitution shall be agreed to by a twothirds vote of members elected such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on the Journal in full with the yeas and nays taken thereon Rule 120 The first and second reading of local hills captionor shall consist of the reading of the titles only unless said in local bill is ordered engrossed Rule 121 The Secretary and Assistant Secretary shall secretary before entering on their duties as such take an oath before gfyebond their presiding officer to discharge their duties faithfully iind to the best of their skill and knowledge and the Secretary shall enter into bond in the sum of 5000 conditioned for faithful discharge of his duties Said bond to be approved by President of Senate Rule 122 All engrossing and enrolling clerks before oath of enentering upon the discharge of their respective dutiee engrossing shall take an oath before the President of Senate to disharge their duties faithfully and to the best of their skill and knowledge of which a minute shall be made and entered on the Journals and no journalizing recording enrolling or engrossing clerk shall be appointed by the Secretary of Senate until such clerk has been examined by jjustieex the Enrolling Committee and certified to be competent andy well qualified for the discharge of the duties required of and be re i commend him and shall be removed at any time upon recommenuaedby it as competent tion of the Enrolling Committee Rule 123 When there is a meeting of both branches ofcretary the General Assembly in joint session the Secretary shall euerdnals enter on the journal of the Senate the proceedings of thewint same 46 COMMITTEES Rule 124 The President shall appoint the following standing committees Committee on Academy for the Blind Commiitee on Agriculture Committee on Appropriations Committee on Auditing Committee on Banks Committee on Congressional and Legislative Reapportionment Committee on Constitutional Amendments ommittee on Corporations Committee on Education and Public Schools Committee on Engrossing Committee on Enrollment Committee on Finance Committee on Hall and Rooms Committee on Hygiene and Sanitation Committee on Immigration and Labor Committee on Internal Improvements Committee on Journals Committee on Judiciary for consideration of general bills Committee on Judiciary for consideration of special or local bills Committee on Manufactures Committee on Military Affairs Committee on Mines and Mining Committee on Penitentiary Committee on Pensions Committee on Privileges and Elections Committee on Privileges of the Floor Committee on Public Library Committee on Public Printing Committee on Public Property Committee on Public Roads Committee on Railroads Committee on Rules ofwhich the President shall be zx officio Chairman Committee on School for the Deaf Committee on State of the Republic Committee on State Sanitarium Committee on Temperance Committee on University of Gfeorgia Committee on W A Railroad 47 ORDER OF BUSINESS Rule 125 The following shall be the order of business 1 Prayer by the Chaplain 2 Call of the Roll 3 Report of Committee on Journals 4 Reading the Journal 5 Confirmation of the Journal 6 Motions to reconsider 7 Unfinished business 8 Special orders 9 Presentation of Petitions 10 Reports of standing committees 11 Reports of select committees 12 Messages from the Governor 13 Messages from the House of Representatives 14 Introduction of bills the first time on Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays of each week 15 Reading House bills first time for reference 16 Reading bills favorably reported by the Committee third time on Tuesdays and Thursdays of each week 17 Consideration of bills adversely reported from committee on Tuesdays and Thursdays of each week 18 Reading of bills second time favorably reported from committee on Mondays and Saturdays of each week 19 Motions and Resolutions 20 General orders but messages from the Governor and House of Representatives and reports from all Com mittees may be received under any order of business Rule 126 When any question arises which is not pro Questions i not Prci vided for in the foregoings Rules the same shall be convided mr trolled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies Rule 127 Any one of the foregoing Rules may be suspended by a twothirds vote of the Senators a quorum being present and voting thereon 49 RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE SENATE IN EXECUTIVE SESSION 1 When nominations shall be made by the Governor to the Senate a future day shall be assigned for their consideration unless the Senate directs otherwise 2 When acting on executive business the Senate shall be cleared of all persons except the Senators the Secretary and Assistant Secretary 3 All information or remarks touching or concerning the character or qualifications of any person nominated by the Governor for office shall be kept secret 4 The Legislative and Executive proceedings of the Senate shall be kept in separate and distinct books 5 All nominations approved by the Senate or other wise definitely acted on shall be transmitted by the Secretary to the Governor with the determination of the Senate thereon from day to day as such proceedings may occur but no further extract from the Executive Journal shall be furnished published or otherwise communicated during any session except by special order of the Senate and in transmitting the determination of the Senate thereon the Secretary shall in no instance furnish a list of the names of Senators voting in the affirmative or negative but only tne fact of confirmation or rejection and the numerical vote and the record of votes shall be sealed and transmitted to the Secretary of States office there to be placed on file 6 A majority of a quorum shall be necessary to confirm the nomination to any office made by the Governor and 4 lm 50 sent to the Senate for approval When nominations are made by the Governor for any office which requires the assent and approval of the Senate in executive session after the Secretary shall read the name of the party nominated and the position to which he is appointed the President shall put to the Senate the following Shall the nomination of the Governor be confirmed by the Senate Those who favor the confirmation will as your names are called vote Aye those opposed vote No After the roll is called the President will announpe the resulf of the ballot and declare the result as follows It appears from the vote that a majority of the Senators have voted to confirm the appointment made by the Governor the same is hereby confirmed by the Senate or A majority of the Senators haye voted against the confirmation of the nomination made by the Governor it is thereforerejected by the Senate 7 No Senatorwill be at liberty at any time or under any circumstances to expose or publish anythingtranspiring in executive session except only such matters as are required to be disclosed under the rules It is the intent and meaning of this rule that the business transacted in executive session shall be sacred and free from exposure to the outside world and that every Senator shall be on his honor concerning the same RULES For the Government of the General Assembly When Assembled in Toint Session 53 RULES FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY WHEN ASSEMBLED IN JOINT SESSION 1 The time of the meeting of the two houses in joint session shall be determined by the concurrent resolution of the Senate and House of Representatives except where provided by law 2 The elections shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare the result 3 The votes are to be taken for but one election at the same time and a majority of the whole number of votes cast is necessary to a choice 4 The Senate and House of Representatives shall meet in joint session in the hall of the House of Representatives on the first Monday of every session at 10 oclock a m or at such time as may be fixed by joint resolution of both houses for the purpose of electing such officers of said State as are now or may hereafter be required to be elected by the General Assembly Said joint session shall continue in morning and afternoon sessions from day to day until all of said officers are elected 5 At the hour determined by the concurrent resolution the Senate shall repair to the Hall of the House of Rep resentatives 6 The President of the Senate shall preside and an 54 nounce that the General Assembly is in joint session and cause to be read the resolution convening the same He shall put all questions to the body and decide all questions of order An appeal may be taken from any of his decisions to the whole General Assembly 7 The Speaker of the House shall sit on the left of the President of the Senate 8 In announcing a candidateJthe mover shall not make any commendatory or other remarks 9 After a person is nominated for any office in joint session of the General Assembly it shall not be in order to Second such nomination and when the nomination is declared closed the President shall forthwith order the rollcall and each member when called shall lise in his seat and respond promptly announcing distinctly his choice for such office 10 In the elections by the General Assembly no member alter having voted shall be allowed to change his vote unless he will rise and state in his place that he voted by mistake or that his vote has been recorded by mistake 11 No debate shall be in order except as to questions of order 12 No motion to adjourn shall be in order In lieu thereof there shall be the motion to dissolve the joint session which shall be in the form That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved or That the joint session of the General Assembly be now dissolved to be reconvened at a time named The latter motion shall have precedence of the former 13 The motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or until a fixed time shall always be in order except that after the call of the roll has commenced it shall not be in order until after the result of said vote shall have been declared by the President of the Senate 14 When a motion to dissolve the joint session shall 55 be decided in the negative the same shall not again be in order until other business shall have intervened 15 When a motion to dissolve the joint session either indefinitely or to a fixed time shall be decided in the affirmative the President of the Senate shall so declare and the Senate shall without further motion immediately repair to the Senate Chamber 16 The majority of each house shall be necessary to constitute a quorum of the joint session 17 These rules may be amended by the concurrent resolution of the two houses and they or either of them shall cease to be in force when either house shall notify the other house of the withdrawal of its consent to the same OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE v HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OFFICERS OB THE House of Representatives 19071908 HON JOHN M SLATON of FultonSpeaker HON J B JACKSON of JoneSSpeaker Pro Tem HON JOHN T BOIFEUILLET of BibbClerk D F McCLATCHEY Jr of CobbReading Clerk O E GRESHAM of BurkeJournal Clerk W T KELLY of JasperMessage Clerk E B MOORE of TaliaferroCalendar Clerk J H PITTMAN of FultonMessenger M G HOUSER of ClarkeDoorkeeper 61 MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF GEORGIA WITH COUNTY AND POSTOFFICE 19071908 Jr VS J MEMBER COUNTY POSTOFFICE iW Adams A Pratt Chatham Savannah Adams W B Elbert Elberton Adams C H Wilkinson Allentown y Adkins T A Dooly Vienna AAlexander Hooper DeKalb Decatur Allen R E Richmond Augusta h Anderson J J E Bulloch Statesboro Anderson J D Cobb Marietta v Ashley C R Lowndes Valdosta uaLatkinson Paul M Morgan Madison Q JvAtwater J R Upson Thomaston Austin J W Murray Tilton R F D No Ballard FD Newton Covington Barksdale R 0 Wilkes Washington Barrett Fermor Stephens Toccoa Barrow David C Chatham Savannah Bell Madison Fulton Atlanta jBerry t N Union Blairsville Blackburn R B Fulton Atlanta Bond Andrew E Forsyth Silver City1 Bowen E P Tift Tifton Boyd Joseph D Spalding Griffin Brown W F Carroll Carrollton Bfown Paul Oglethorpe Lexington jJ 62 H fj MEMBER COUNTY POSTOFFipE tBuchannori W A Early Blakely J dnBurkhalter W T Tattnall Reidsville iBurwell W H Hancock Sparta William Fannin Blue Ridge C Oalbeck 0 Gordon Calhoun ACaIlaway J P Lee Leesburg Candler 0 M DeKalb Decatur jCannon R E Rabun Clayton A Ohamlee R L Floyd Rome A Clark D J Laurens Dublin R F D No 3 Clifton Peter Toombs Lyons V Collum M E Schley rrPtrtnam avL K3ook E7n Chattahoochee Cusseta Cook Matt Telfair Lumber City Cook M L Thomas Boston Covington W A Colquitt Moultrie Couch M H Coweta Senoia 1JciJ Cowan J W Rockdale Conyers IftDrNojgr Grumbley S A Quitman Georgetown Culbreth T G Echols Tarver D fiAs Daniel R G Jenkins Millen Davis J H Houston Perry Davison R E Greene Woodvijle HDean L A Floyd Rome 5Dickey R L Crawford Musella Donalsoii E M Decatur Bainbridge LDorminy E J Irwin Fitzgerald iDunbar C E Riclynond Augusta tDuggan C I Washington Sandersville rL Dykes W W Hr Sumter AmericUs ypwd JUEaves W T E Haralson Buchanan WEdmondson B H Chattooga Summerville tEdwards J 0 Habersham Clarkesviile wEllison S T Harris Ellerslie yxEstes A B Pierce Blackshear V 63 MEMBER F COUNTY POSTOFFICE l Fagan T V Flanders W J Houston Fort Valley Johnson WrightSVille iFlannigan A M Jackson JeffersonRFDNo2 1 Foster J Z Cobb Marietta Fowler Ben J Bibb Macon Fraser Donald Liberty Hinesville Frier N A Ware Bickley Fullbright H J Burke Waynesboro Furr P F M Banks Silver Shals Galloway N L Or Walton Monroe Geer Wm I v Miller Colquitt fGibson W A Glascock Agricola Glenn Geo G Whitfield Dalton Godley Thomas M Camden Kingsland KGoode J W Pickens Nelson 4 Guyton Clarence T Effingham Guyton H Hall Joseph H Bibb Macon pHamilion W W Columbia Grovetown Hardeman R N Jefferson Louisville Harris R 0 Crisp Cordele XtHaywood SM McDuffie Dearing Heard J P Dooly Vienna Hill Benj F Monroe Forsyth r Hines E R Baldwin Milledgeville Holder J N Jackson Jefferson A Howard Allen J yVtvHubbard John R Charlton Dawson Folkstoh A ft 9 HHuff W S Lumpkin Dahlonega Huie G M Clayton Riverdale Hllender W C Catoosa Ringgold J Jackson J B Jones Gray Johnson Greene F Jasper Monticello 64 WL MEMBER Johnson L W COUNTY POSTOFFICE Jeff Davis Hazlehurst i VJohnson J F Towns Hiawasse Jones W R Meriwether Greenville Jones A T Mitchell Sale City K Keith Meriwether Oakland Kendall Thomas B Paulding Hiram Kendrick J R Taliaferro Sharon L fLe6 H S Glynn Brunswick y Lively G P Burke Shell Bluff 4 Lumsden J R White Sautee Lunsford G P Stewart Richland f Me McCarthy Joseph Chatham Savannah l AMclntyre W I wMcMahan J J C Thomas ThomasVille Clarke Athens McMichael E H Marion Buena Vista McMullan A J Hart Hartwell rVJ mMcWilliams S C Henry M Stockbridge v Martin L H 0 Elbert Middleton Massengale L R Warren Warrenton Maxwell IN Twiggs Danville WMays S H Butts Jackson lMercer J R Terrell Dawson gjjftkJMoore R M Cherokee Waleska Morris Joseph A Wayne Jesup rMundy I F Polk Cedartown N Neel W J Bartow Caitersville KNix 0 A Gwinnett Lawrenceville jtfowell Hal G Walton Monroe 65 MEMBER 0 COUNTY POSTOFFICE L jjpr Odum J 0 Baker Newton Orr I jtfTr Coweta P Newnan Parker W M Talbot Prattsburg WParrish C E Berrien Adel Payton Claud Worth Sylvester Q j Perry H H Hall Gainesville 7 xlPersons Geo Ogden Monroe Forsyth Peterson W J Montgomery Ailey PopeJUS Brooks Barwiek fPope Le Dade Wildwood V Powell WC Lincoln Pansy 4 Price J A Bartow Adairsville Price J D Oconee Farmington fe v R Reid J E Macon Montezuma Reid A S Putnan Eatonton Reid S B Wilcox Rochelle Rogers W H McIntosh Darien Rogers Randolph Coleman Rountree B L Emanuel Summit Russell Chas R Muscogee Columbus 4 LRyals T E Bibb Macon s Shaw Emmett R Olay Ft Gaines Sheffield W D Decatur Bainbridge SimmonsT G Gilmer Ell i jay Slade J J Muscogee Columbus Slater WF Bryan Ellabelle Slaton Jno M Fulton Atlanta Smith E L Calhoun Edison r i f Smith Claude 0 Campbell Fairburn Stephens H H Hall Murray ville Jr Stewart Walter C Taylor Royal Strickland W A Pike Concord 5 1m 66 v I P MEMBER COUNTY POSTOFFICE Stubbs Thomas Ochlochnee Summer J W Turner Ashburn Swilling S B Franklin Carnesville Taylor J B T Appling Baxley h Taylor James Sumter Americus Terrell B R Grady Whigham Thorne T B Bulloch Stilson Thurman B F Walker LaFayette wJTift Samuel H Dougherty Albany gomopville7 JJTownsend S 0 Clinch Tracy 0 0 Webster Preston k Trent W S Heard Franklin jrMTuggle W T Troup LaGrange VPyson S J Emanuel W Swainsboro tWalker J R Lowndes Valdosta Walker G R Milton Alpharetta tWalker J Frank Washington Chalker RFDNol Ward 0 A Coffee Douglas Warnell W G Tattnall Hagan t Watkins M D Carroll Whitesburg Way S A Pulaski Hawkinsville PWhite L A Madison Comer White H S Screven Sylvania Whitley T R Douglas Douglasville Williams W J Dodge Eastman Williams G W Laurens Dublin Wilson W W Gwinnett v Buford Wise J W Fayette Fayetteville Wright Seaborn Floyd Rome Wright Boykin Richmond Augusta vootten S A Wilkes Y Tignall 7 Young E MTroup LaGrange MEMBERS OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES OF GEORGIA WITH COUNTY AND POSTOFFICE 19071908 COUNTY MEMBER POSTOFFICE Appling J B Taylor Baxley Baker J C Odom Newton Baldwin E B Hines Milledgeville Banks P F M Furr Silver Shoals Bartow W J Neel Cartersville Bartow J A Price Adairsville Berrien C E Parrish Adel Bibb Ben J Fowler Macon Bibb Joseph H Hall Macon Bibb I T E Ryals Macon Brooks M E Pope Barwiek Bryan W F Slater EUabelle Bulloch J J E Anderson Statesboro Bulloch T B Thorne Stilson Burke HJ Fullbright Waynesboro Burke G P Lively Shell Bluff Butts S H Mays Jackson Calhoun E L Smith Edison Camden Thomas M Godley Kingsland Campbell Claude C Smith Fairburn Carroll W F Brown Carrollton Carroll M D Watkins Whitesbuig Catoosa W C Hllender Ringgold Charlton Howard Allen J Folkston Chatham Pratt A Adams Savannah Chatham David C Barrow Savannah Chatham Joseph McCarthy Savannah 68 COUNTY MEMBER POSTOFFICE Chattahoochee E E Cook Cusseta Chattooga B H Edmondson Summerville Cherokee R M Moore Waleska Clarke J J C McMahan Athens Clay Emmett R Shaw Ft Gaines Clayton G M Huie Riverdale Clinch S C Townsend Homerville Cobb J D Anderson Marietta Cobb J Z Foster Marietta Coffee C A Ward Douglas Colquitt W A Covington Moultrie Columbia W W Hamilton Grove town Coweta M H Couch Senoia Coweta I N Orr Newnan Crawford R L Dickey Musella Crisp R C Harris Corde e Dade Le PQpe Wildwood Dawson John R Hubbard Hubbard ville Decatur EM Donalson Bainbridge Decatur W D Sheffield Bainbridge DeKalb Hooper Alexander Decatur DeKalb C M Candler Decatur Dodge W J Williams Eastman Dobly T A Adkins Vienna Dooly J P Heard Vienna Dougherty Samuel TI Tift Albany Douglas T R Whitley Douglasville Early W A Buchannon Blakely Echols T G Culbreth Tarver Effingham Clarence T Guy ton Quy ton Elbert W B Adams Elberton Elbert L H 0 Martin Middleton Emanuel B L Rountree Summit Emanuel S J Tyson Swainsboro Fannin William Butt Blue Ridge Fayette J W Wise Fayetteville Floyd R L Chamblee Rome Floyd L A Dean Rome Floyd Seaborn Wright Rome Forsyth Andrew E Bond Silver City Franklin S B Swilling Carnesville 69 COUNTY MEMBER POSTOFFICE Fulton Madison Bell Atlanta Fulton B B Blackburn Atlanta Fulton Jno M Slaton Atlanta Gilmer T G Simmons Ellijay Glascock W A Gibson Agricola Glynn H S Lee Brunswick Gordon 0 Callbeck Calhoun Grady R R Terrell Whigham Greene R E Davison Woodville Gwinnett 0 A Nix Lawrenceville Gwinnett W W Wilson Buford Habersham J C Edwards Clarkesville Hall H H Perry Gainesville Hall H H Stephens Murrayville Hancock W H Burwell Sparta Haralson W T Eaves Buchanan Harris S T Ellison Ellerslie Hart A J McMullan Hartwell Heard W S Trent Franklip Henry S C McWilliams Stockbridge Houston J H Davis Perry Houston T Y Fagan Fort Valley Irwin E J Dorminyr Fitzgerald Jackson A M Flanigan Jefferson R F D No 2 Jackson J N Holder Jefferson Jasper Greene F Johnson Monticello Jeff Davis L W Johnson Hazlehurst Jefferson R N Hardeman Louisville Jenkins R G Daniel Millen Johnson W J Flanders Wrightsville Jones J B Jackson Gray Laurens D J Clark Dublin R F D No 3 Laurens G W Williams Dublin Lee J P Callaway Leesburg Liberty Donald Fraser Hinesville Lincoln W C Powell Pansy Lowndes 0 R Ashley Valdosta Lowndes J R Walker Valdosta Lumpkin WS Huff Dahlonega 70 COUNTY MEMBER POSTOFFICE Macon J E Reid Montezuma Madison L A White Comer Marion E H Me Michael Buena Vista McDuffie S M Haywood Dearing McIntosh W H Rogers Darien Meriwether W R Jones Greenville Meriwether G J Keith Oakland Miller Wm I Geer Colquitt Milton G B Walker Alpharetta Mitchell A T Jones Sale City Monro Benj F Hill Forsyth Monroe Geo Ogden PersonsForsyth Montgomery W J Peterson Ailey Morgan PaulM Atkinson Madison Murray J W Austin Pilton R F D No 2 Muscogee Chas R Russell Columbus Muscogee J J Slade Columbus Newton F D Ballard Covington Oconee J D Price Farmington Oglethorpe Paul Brown Lexington Paulding Thomas B Kendall Hiram Pickens J W Goode Nelson Pierce A B Estes Blackshear Pike W A Strickland Concord Polk 1 F Mundy Cedartown Pulaski S A Way Hawkinsville Putnam A S Reid Eaton ton Quitman VS A Crumbley Georgetown Rabun R E Cannon Clayton Randolph W T Rogers Coleman Richmond R E Allen Augusta Richmond C E Dunbar Augusta Richmond Boykin Wright Apgusta Rockdale J W Cowan Conyers R F D No Schley M E Collum Putnam Screven H S White Sylvania Spalding Joseph D Boyd Griffin Stewart G P Lunsford Richland 71 COUNTY MEMBER POSTOFFICE Stephens Fermor Barrett Toccoa Sumter W W Dykes Jr Americus Sumter James Taylor Americus Talbot W M Parker Prattsburg Taliaferro J R Kendrick Sharon Tattnall W T Burkhalter Reidsville Tattnall W G Warhell Hagan Taylor Walter 0 Stewart Royal Telfair Matt Cook Lumber City Terrell J R Mercer Dawson Thomas M L Cook Boston Thomas M I McIntyre Thomasville Thomas J B Stubbs Ochlochnee Tift E P Bowen Tifton Toombs Peter Clifton Lyons Towns J F Johnson Hiawassee Troup W T Tuggle LaGrange Troup R M Young LaGrange Turner J W Summer Ashburn Twiggs I N Maxwell Danville Union T N Berry Blairsville Upson J R Atwater Thomaston Walker B F Thurman LaFayette Walton N L Galloway Monroe Walton Hal G Nowell Monroe Ware N A Frier Bickley Warren L R Massengale Warren ton Washington C I Duggan Sandersville Washington J Frank Walker Ohalker R F Wayne Joseph A Morris Jesup Webster C C Tracy Preston White J R Lumsden Sautee Whitfield I Geo G Glenn Dalton Wilcox S B Reid Rochelle Wilkes R 0 Barksdale Washington Wilkes S A Wootten Tignall Wilkinson C H Adams Allentown Worth Claud Payton Sylvester Standing Committees OF THE House of Representatives STANDING COMMITTEES OF1 THE HOUSE 19071905 amendments to constitution Prry Chairman Wieeiams of Laurens ViceChairman Burwell Slater Anderson of Bulloch Covington Candler Adams of Elbert Rountree Dean Wise Blackburn McMullan Hall Jackson of Jones Walker of Lowndes Estes Dunbar MacIntyre Nowell Wlajlker of Washington Hardeman Nix Neel Foster Reid of Macon Taylor of Sumter Tuggle 76 APPROPRIATIONS CanddER of DeKalb Chairman Adamsof Elbert ViceChairman Atwater McMnllan Bell Orr Allen of Richmond Hall Holder Hines Covington Buchannon Way Perry Huff Barrow Nowell Ryals Payton Alexander Wright of Floyd McMahan Maclntire Butt Foster Mays Edwards Barrett Slade Keith Jones of Mitchell Slater Dykes Davis Harris Ciilbreth Price of Oconee Reid of Putnam Morris Davison Tyson Sheffield Hamilton Neel Terrell Lee Atkinson Persons Wise exofficio Ashley exofficio AUDITING Buchannon of Early Chairman Woottkn of Wilkes ViceChairman Smith of Calhoun Tracey Trent Russell Fraser McCarthy Young BANKS AND BANKING Heard of Dooly Chairman Atwater of Upson ViceChairman Reid of Macon Couch Ashley Barrow Huie Davis Flanders Burwell Barksdale Donalson Moore of Cherokee Daniel Strickland Morris Nowell Williams of Eaurens Pope of Brooks Russell Whitley Parrish Jones of Mitchell Johnson of Jeff Davis Townsend Brown of Carroll Brown of Oglethorpe Cook of Telfair Ryals Frier 7 H BLIND ASYLUM Orr of Coweta Chairman Adams of Wilkinson ViceChairman Rogers of Randolph Gibson Kendrick Huie Powell McMahan Howard Peterson Maxwell Price of Bartbw Wootten Ryals Stephens Swilling Pope of Dade Tracy Flannigan Watkins Anderson of Cobb White of Madison Austin White of Screven Bell Lively Chamlee Smith of Calhoun Ellison 79 CORPORATIONS Noweee of Walton Chairman Persons of Monroe ViceChairman Nix Lumsden Slater Jackson of Jones Trent Thorne Huie Swilling Russell Smith of Calhoun Atkinson Rogers of Randolph Adkins Huff Hubbard Goode Tyson Massengale Fowler Price of Bartow Adams of Wilkinson Smith of Campbell Calloway Stephens Collum Wilson Stewart Pope of Dade Chamlee Way Townsend Cook of Chattahoochee Parrish Ballard Mundy Thurman Hllender Cook of Telfair Culbreth Mercer Austin Frier 80 COUNTY AND COUNTY MATTERS Donacson of Decatur Chairman Davison of Greene ViceChairman Collum Clifton Adkins Clark Stephens Cook of Chattahoochee Flannigan Crumbley Berry Culbreth Johnson of Towns Dickey Morris Dorminy Cook of Telfair Dunbar Edmondson Duggan Fagan Dykes Howard Eaves Adams of Wilkinson Ellison Maxwell Gibson Walker of Washington Haywood White of Madison Hill Reid of Wilcox Johnson of Jeff Davis Mercer Jones of Meriwether Godley Kendrick Daniel Orr Anderson of Cobb Parker Austin Payton Barrett Price of Bartow Buchannon Price of Oconee Butt Ryals Calbeck Sumner Cowan Taylor of Appling Chamlee Tuggle 81 EDUCATION McMiCHEtr of Marion Chairman McMuixan of Hart ViceChairman Johnson of Towns Price of Oconee Holder Ballard Trent Mundy Lunsford Cowan Barrow Hill Walker of Lowndes Payton Huie Jones of Mitchell Butt Nix Moore of Cherokee Candler Terrell Young Massengale Dickey McWilliams Collum Russell White of Madison Bond Huff Fullbright MacIntyre Lumsden Tyson Stubbs Foster Walker of Milton Brown of Oglethorpe Powell Cook of Telfair Slade Cook of Chattahoochee Adkins Morris Parker Sheffield Williams of Dodge Edwards Clark Martin Smith of Campbell Barrett Anderson of Bulloch 6 lm 82 ENROLLMENT Shaw of Clay Chairman Parker of Talbot ViceChairman Stubbs Tuggle Anderson of Cobb Walker of Milton Peterson Way Tift EXCUSE OF MEMBERS Mundy of Polk Chairman Peterson of Montgomery ViceChairman Calbeck Chamlee Cook of Chattahoochee Dean Jackson Johnson of Jasper Powell Sumner Adams of Chatham Parker GAME AND FISH MassengaeE Chairman Reid of Putnam ViceChairman Morris Dorminy Eaves Dykes Adams of Chatham Fraser Austin Frier Butt Furr Chamlee Godley Clifton Lee Crumbley Mercer Dickey Lumsden i I 83 GENERAL AGRICULTURE Martin of Elbert Chairman Rountree of Emanuel ViceChairman Walker of Washington Thorne Mays Adams of Wilkinson Lumsden Clark Hamilton Simmons Stewart T racy Parker Cook of Thomas Williams of Dade Ballard McWilliams Mercer Sumner Cook of Chattahoochee Cowan Price ofOconee Collum Lunsford Austin Hubbard McMichael McMullan Furr Watkins Wootten Adams of Elbert White of Madison Wilson Couch Kendall Holder Clifton Buchannon Galloway Dickey Moore of Cherokee BaYksdale Bowen Callaway Cannon Daniel Davison Duggan Fagan Gibson Godley Goode Haywood Howard Burkhalter Huie Hullender Keith Kendrick Lively Odum Peterson Pope of Brooks Pope of Dade Powell Price of Bartow Reid of Putnam Reid of Wilcox Stephens Stewart Strickland Taylor of Appling GENERAL JUDICIARY Wright of Richmond Chairman Anderson of Bulloch ViceChairman Alexander Blackburn Bell Brown of Carroll Burwell Covington Dean Donalson Dunbar Edwards Glenn Hall Hines Jackson Nix Nowell Perry Russell Smith of Calhoun Swilling Taylor of Sumter Ward Williams of Laurens Wise Wright of Floyd Adams of Chatham Barrett Barrow Boyd Brown of Oglethorpe Burkhalter Butt Chamlee Dykes Estes Foster Fowler Fullbright Geer Guyton Hardeman Huff Johnson of Jasper Jones of Meriwether MacIntyre Massengale Morris Mundy Neel Parrish Payton Persons Ryals Sheffield Slater Smith of Campbell Terrell Townsend Tuggle Walker of Lowndes Walker of Milton Warned White of Screven Young GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR DEAF Walker of Washington Chairman Morris of Wayne ViceChairman Mundy Collum Kendrick Wright of1 Floyd Ballard Wilson Barrett Bowen Buchannon Burkhalter Cannon Clark Clifton Crumbley Daniel Dorminy Duggan Edmondson Fagan Fullbright Geer Godley Guyton Hllender McCarthy Reid of Wilcox Simmons Thome Walker of Milton Williams of Dodge j 86 GEORGIA STATE SANITARIUM Hines of Baldwin Chairman Moore of Cherokee ViceChairman Whitley Adams of Wilkinson Buchannon Wootten Maxwell Thorne Fowler Cowan Swilling Wilson Simmons Rountree Clifton Walker of Washington Flanders Jackson Way Johnson of Jeff Davis Williams of Dodge Pope of Brooks Cook of Chattahoochee Rogers of Randolph Jones of Mitchell Young Adkins Heard Lumsden v Dorminy Berry Persons Davison Adams of Elbert Johnson of Towns Hubbard Goode Brown of Oglethorpe Thurman Howard Glenn Culbreth Lively Edwards Stephens Furr Tift Gallaway Hamilton i 87 HALLS AND ROOMS Thurman Chairman Strickland ViceChairman Daniel x Tuggle Fullbright Haywood Thome HYGIENE AND sanitation v KvT v Whitley of Douglas Chairman Frier of Ware ViceChairman Crumbley T rent Reid of Macon Johnson of Towns Dorminy Flanders Frier Berry Moore of Cherokee Rogers of Randolph Way 88 IMMIGRATION Barksdale of Wilkes Chairman Thorne of Bulloch ViceChairman Powell Goode Stewart Flanders Cook of Thomas Brown of Oglethorpe Adkins Atkinson Hubbard Candler Couch Harris Rountree Daniel Shaw Barrett Duggan Chamlee Lee Eaves McCarthy Tift Dunbar Holder Culbreth 89 internal improvement Nix of Gwinnett Chairman Townsend of Clinch ViceChairman Allen Harris Ashley Hill Austin Kendall Blackburn Lee Bowen Lunsford Burwell McCarthy Clark McMichael Collum Mercer Cooke of Thomas Pope of Brooks Covington Price of Bartow Crumbley Reid of Putnam Dickey Simmons Dorminy Strickland Dykes Taylor of Appling Ellison Tracy Fagan Watkins Furr 90 INVALID PENSIONERS Warneu of Tattnall Chairman Austin of Murray ViceChairman Godley Odum Pope of Dade Orr Bell Parrish Fagan Stewart Gallaway Strickland Gibson Sumner Hill Terrell Hllender Tuggle Lunsford Wilson McMahan Maysy Taylor of Appling JOURNALS McIntyre of Thomas Chairman Sumner of Turner ViceChairman Duggan Smith of Calhoun Flanders j Morris Fullbright 91 LABOR AND LABOR STATISTICS BEUv of Fulton Chairman McCarthy of Chatham ViceChairman MacIntyre Candler Young Martin Ryals Nowell Shaw Chamlee Perry Cook of Thomas Payton Whitley Harris Foster Massengale Boyd Haywood Ballard Hardeman Russell Dunbar Fowler Calbeck Parrish MANUFACTURES Harris of Tift Chairman Johnson of Jeff Davis ViceChairman Atkinson Boyd Candler Clifton Couch Foster Culbreth Geer Daniel Guyton Davis Kendall McCarthy McMahan Howard McMichael JoFnson of Jeff Davis Persons Atwater Simmons Berry Fowler military affairs Barrow of Chatham Chairman CrumbeEy of Quitman ViceChairman Atwater Guyton Boyd Adams of Elbert Dunbar Dykes Foster Fowler Gallaway Fraser Lee Persons Reid of Putnam Shaw Sheffield Slade Thorne Tift Townsend Ward Wilson Bell Smith of Campbell MINES AND MINING Lumsden of White Chairman Stewart of Taylor ViceChairman Austin Brown of Oglethorpe Cannon Eaves Edmondson Berry Goode Haywood Hubbard Lunsford Pope of Dade Price of Bartow Simmons Slade Swilling White of Madison Wright of Richmond Stewart 93 PENITENTIARY Holder of Jackson Chairman SiATER ofBryan ViceChairman Edwards Callaway Lumsden McMichael Adams of Wilkinson Edmondson Wootten Swilling Cowan Glenn Anderson of Bulloch Boyd Adkins Blackburn Huie Furr Fagan Fowler Powell Ashley Johnson of Jeff Davis Wilson Johnson of Jasper Jones of Meriwether Sumner Rountree Massen gale Simmons Cook of Chattahoochee Atwater Young Ellison Bond Hamilton McWilliams Bowen White Cooke of Thomas Butt Davis Hubbard Davison Adams of Elbert Dunbar Adams of Chatham McCarthy Flanders Orr Payton Reid of Macon Townsend Smith of Calhoun Dean Smith of Campbell Donalson Strickland Howard Watkins Maxwell Rogers of McIntosh Kendrick 94 PENSIONS Foster of Cobb Chairman Gattoway of Walton ViceChairman Huff Davis Johnson of Towns Dickey Bond Duggan Pope of Brooks Ellison Pope of Dade Furr Shaw Godley Trent McMahan Mays Orr Thurman Peterson Lumsden Thorne Clark Cook of Thomas Payton PRIVILEGES AND ELECTIONS Russeee of Muscogee Chairman Tayeor of Sumter ViceChairman Candler Edwards Wright of Richmond McMullan Wright of Floyd Hill Hail Colum Perry Boyd Covington Brown of Carroll Jackson of Jones Atwater Adams of Elbert Reid of Macon Rountree Heard Wise Tift Young 9o privileges of tee floor CeiETon of Toombs Chairman Eaves of Haralson ViceChairman Cook of Thomas Lunsford Couch Walker of Milton Dean Wamell Keith PUBLIC LIBRARY Fraser of Liberty Chairman Coeeum of Schley ViceChairman Couch Guyton Dorminy McMichael Eaves Mundy Frier Parker Estes Rogers of Randolph Geer Stubbs PUBLIC PRINTING Tyson of Emanuel Chairman Adkins of Dooly ViceChairman Dean Holder Fraser McCarthy Gibson McMichael Guyton Stubbs Hardeman Wilson PUBLIC PROPERTY BuRWBiyiy of Hancock Chairman FuWvBRIGhT of Burke ViceChairman Dorminy Anderson of Cobb Ballard Brown of Oglethorpe Burkhalter Butt Calbeck Cannon Chamlee Cook of Telfair Crumbley Davis Dykes Flanigan Fraser Jones of Meriwether Kendall McMahan Odum Terrell Tracy Walker of Lowndes Watkins Ellison 97 I RAILROADS Covington of Colquitt Chairman Dan of Floyd ViceChairman Estes Anderson of Bulloch Neel Slater Williams of Laurens Huie Russell Shaw Alexander Trent Stewart Heard Huff Adams of Chatham Furr Hall Walker of Washington Tuggle Tift Frier Atkinson Burwell Donalson Payton Hines i Whitley Allen Walker of Lowndes Atwater Barksdale Boyd Brown of Campbell Perry Butt Crumbley Cook of Thomas Daniel Martin Harris Lumsden Reid of Macon Rountree Taylor of Sumter 71m ROADS AND BRIDGES Boyd of Spalding Chairman TerrEEE of Grady ViceChairman Stephens Godley Dunbar Lively Cook of Telfair Cook of Thomas Davis Duggan Eaves Edmondson Rogers of Randolph Terrell Walker of Washington COMMITTEE ON RULES Seaton of Fulton exofficio Chairman Haee of Bibb ViceChairman Whitley Covington Martin of Elbert Holder Candler Wright of Richmond Wise Hines 99 SPECIAL AGRICULTURE Mays of Butts Chairman Dickey of Crawford ViceChairman Johnson of Jeff Davis Goode Stephens Jones of Mitchell Hllender Hamilton McWilliams Mays Bond Bowen Ballard Calbeck Cannon Clark Collum Cook of Chattahoochee Cook of Thomas Culbreth Davis Davison Dickey Ellison Fagan Flanigan Gibson Haywood Keith Kendall Lively Lunsford Reid of Wilcox Strickland Taylor of Appling Tracy White of Madison 100 SPECIAL JUDICIARY Blackburn of Fulton Chairman Walker of Lowndes ViceChairman Allen Dean Flanders Cook of Telfair Estes Townsend Edmondson Maxwell Walker of Milton Clifton Anderson of Cobb Ashley Stewart of Taylor Williams of Dodge Ballard Barrett Ward s Bond Bowen Boyd Burkhalter Calbeck Callaway Chamlee Clark Cowan Young Davis Dickey Dykes Eaves Haywood Fraser Fullhright Geer Guyton Hill Hullender Johnson of Jasper Keith Lee Kendall Lunsford Lively Odum Persons Peterson Reid of Wilcox Slade Strickland Stubbs Tift Tuggle Warned Watkins White of Screven Donalson 101 STATE OF THE REPUBLIC Edwards of Habersham Chairman Williams of Dodge ViceChairman Barrow Berry Buchannon Barrett f Candler Dunbar Flanigan J 4 Holder Jackson Martin Neel Wright of Richmond Williams of Dodge Rogers of McIntosh 102 TEMPERANCE Wright of Floyd Chairman SiADE of Muscogee ViceChairman Shaw Bond Blackburn Fowler Williams of Dodge Candler Smith of Campbell Covington McWilliams Barrow Flanigan Adkins Burkhalter Glenn Allen Atkinson Cowan Neel Jones of Mitchell Hines Goode Slater Cook of Telfair Cooke of Thomas Wootten Mays Persons Tyson Culbreth Wise Duggan Clark McMahan Mundy Taylor of Appling Sheffield Jones of Meriwether Whitley Martin Callaway Maxwell Buchannon Way Odum Galloway Hamilton Hardeman Collum Brown of Carroll Ballard Anderson of Cobb Lively Perry Lunsford Tuggle Ashley Johnson of Jeff Davis Lee Payton UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA AND ITS BRANCHES McMahan of Clark Chairman Ward of Coffee ViceChairman Anderson of Bulloch Price of Oconee Davison Barrow Huff Johnson of Towns Brown of Oglethorpe Glenn Warned McMullan Alexander Candler Donalson Hall Hines Walker of Lowndes Edwards Russell Taylor of Sumter Boyd Barksdale Bell Frier Fullbright Holder Ward Young Tuggle Foster m WAYS AND MEANS iff Wise of Fayette Chairman Asheey of Lowndes ViceChairman Barksdale Swilling Blackburn Flanigan Callaway Dean Dunbar j Peterson Donalson Estes Martin Couch Taylor Boyd Russell Brown of Carroll Jones of Meriwether Burwell Whitley Daniel Fowler of Bibb Hardeman Heard Hill Adams of Chatham Johnson of Jasper Anderson of Bulloch Moore Foster Smith of Campbell Nix Candler of DeKalb Reid of Macon officio Rountree Adams of Elbert exc 105 I WESTERN ATLANTIC RAILROAD I Alexander of DeKalb Chairman NEEL of Bartow ViceChairman Reid of Putnam MacIntyre Burkhalter Thurman Frier Heard Anderson of Cobb Huff Flanigan Davison Adams of Chatham Adams of Elbert Lee Tyson Flanders Townsend Brown of Oglethorpe Hall denn Nowell Wootten Atkinson Anderson of Bulloch Moore Hines Rountree White of Screven Adkins Slater Allen Ashley Slade Barksdale Davis Harris Foster Sheffield Couch Whitley Williams of Laurens Calloway Brown of Carroll Orr Edwards 106 WILD LANDS Smith of Calhoun Chairman Furr of Banks ViceChairman Ashley Fraser Berry Frier Calbeck Geer Butt Howard Cannon Hubbard Clark Keith Clifton Martin Covington Parrish Crumbley Sheffield Daniel Taylor of Appling Donalson T racy Dorminy White of Madison Dyke White of Screven Estes Wise Foster A CODE OF PARLIAMENTARY LAW OF FORCE IN THE STATE OF GEORGIA PREPARED BY LOUIS F GARRARD The Use of this Volume is Respectfully Dedicated to the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia Adopted as the Rules of the House of Representatives of the State of Georgia 11th Day of November 1888 A CODE OF PARLIAMENTARY LAW THE SPEAKER Rule 1 The Speaker shall iu his discretion suspend Discretion irrelevant debate and command silence whenever he may 8peaker deem it needful Rule 2 In all cases of election by the House the when Speaker shall vote In other cases he shall not vote unless shall vot the House be equally divided or unless his vote if given to the minority will make the division equal and in case of such equal division the question shall be lost But in all cases where a fixed constitutional vote is required to pass the bill or measure under consideration and said bill or measure shall lack only one vote to pass the same the Speaker shall vote and his vote so cast shall be counted the same as that of any other member Rule 3 When two or more members shall rise at themmbrt0 the floor to same time the Speaker shall name the person entitled to abided proceed Speaker Rule 4 All committees shall be appointed by the Speaker to Speaker unless otherwise ordered by the House committees Rule 5 The method of stating a question or any mo Methoda qj tion by the Speaker after the same has been read to the House by the Clerk shall be as follows All in favor 0fby8PeakeK the motion will say Aye Those opposed will say No And when a decision may seem doubtful to the Speaker or a division of the House is called for by any one member of the House the Speaker shall call upon the members in favor of the motion to rise and after a count is had by the Clerk he shall call upon the members to reverse their positions and the Speaker shall announce the result Rule 6 The Speaker may during a days sitting name speaker p 07 may namt any member to perform the duties of the Chair during any part of that sitting but no longer 110 of Rule 7 Whenever from any cause the Speaker shall be spMkerta absent the Speaker pro tempore shall preside and if both eot shall be absent the Clerk of the House shall call the House to order and shall preside until a Speaker pro tempore shall be elected which said election shall be the first business of the House The Speaker pro tempore thus elected shall A preside until the return of one of the first named officers when his functions shall cease Appeal Rule 8 Should any member of the House be dissatisfied ruling of with the ruling of the Speaker on any point he shall rise Speaker and respectfully address the Speaker and say I appeal from the decision of the Chair The Speaker will then state to the House the point ruled on and his decision on it and shall then put the question of appeal to the House as follows All in favor of the decision of the Chair standing as the sense of this House will say Aye Those opposed will say No and the decision of the House in sustaining or overruling the Speaker shall be final when no Rule 9 On all appeals on questions of order of a perappeais11 sonal character there shall be no debate Appeals to Rule 10 All appeals from the decision of the Chair once shall be made immediately and no appeal shall be in order after other business has intervened from the time of the alleged error of the Chair and before said Appeal is sought to be made when Rule 11 Where debate is permissible on appeals from maad8 the decision of the Chair any member after being recogHouse nized by the Speaker may address his remarks directly to the House Power oi Rule 12 The Speaker shall have power to suspend the suspend Messenger and Doorkeepers for misconduct or neglect of dinate offi duty and when such suspension has been made he shall report the same to the House within twentyfour lot m thereafter for such action as the House may see fit to tat in the premises Rule 13 The Speaker shall have power to cause the galleries and lobbies of the House cleared by the Messenger Ill aiid Doorkeepers in case of disturbance or disorderly when conduct therein and to cause any person or persons so ot mord fending to be arrested and brought before the bar of the lobMe House to be dealt with for contempt of the House Rule 14 When less than a quorum vote on any subject Quorum under consideration by the House the Speaker may order Speaker the bar of the House to be closed and the roll of members called by the Clerk and if it is ascertained that a quorum is present either by answering to their names or by their presence in the House and if any member present then refuses to vote unless excused such refusal shall be deemed a contempt of the House Rule 15 The Speaker may at any time order the roller called on any question and take the vote by yeas and nays taken where a division of the House discloses the fact that a uays quorum of the House has not voted Rule 16 All questions as to the priority of business to Decision on i i j questions be acted on shall be decided by the Speaker without deoi priority bate ON DECORUM AND DEBATE Rule 17 When any member is about to speak in debate Condnct of or deliver any matter to the House he shall rise from his1 seat and respectfully address himself to Mr SpeakerHe shall be confined to matter in debate shall not speak more than twice on any subject or more than once until every member choosing to speak shall have spoken If any member in speaking or otherwise transgress the rules of the House the Speaker shall or may call him to order in which case the member so called to order shall immediately sit down unless permitted to explain The House Appeal shall if appealed to decide and if the decision of the House be not submitted to the delinquent for the first offence shall be reproved for the second fined in a sum not exceeding ten dollars and continuing refractory may be expelled from the House by a twothirds vote of the mem Expulsion bers which said vote shall be taken by yeas and nays and 147 Kul recorded on the Journal of the House 112 Exception 18 If any member be called to order for words spoken spoken the words excepted to shall be taken down in writing by the Clerk and read then admitted denied or explained by the member who spoke and thereupon the question of order shall be decided and such other proceedings had as the House may deem proper in regard thereto But no member shall be held to answer or be subject to the censure of the House for words spoken in debate if any other member has spoken or other business has intervened after the words were spoken and before the exception to them was taken silence Rule 19 The members of the House shall forbear from private conversation and preserve silence until a speaking member shall have taken his seat Mode of Rule 20 The members shall avoid naming each other ing mem when they may have occasion to take notice of their observations but may designate them by the place in which they may be or the county they represent House Rule 21 No member shall address the House except how r Questionsas hereffre stated in case of appeals or interrogate a ruption memler who is speaking except through the Speaker and should the member speaking decline to be interrupted the Speaker shall cause the member desiring to interrogate to be silent shall not Rule 22 No member shall vote upon any question in vote when 1 L J l inrersuited result which he is immediately and particularly inter1 ested or in any case where he was not present when thequestion being voted on was put to the House except by permission of the House in every case where the seat of a member is being contested the sitting member and the con testaut shall both retire from the House before the vote is taken Prousts Rule 23 Any member may enter a protest in writing against the action of the House said protest shall clearly and succinctly set forth the grounds of such protest and shall not be argumentative nor arraign nor impugn the motive of the House nor any member thereof 113 Smoking and con Rule 24 No member shall smoke in the House nor shall proiTDited he converse with any one over the bar thereof Duty while Rule 25 No member shall pass between the Chair and a speaking member while he is speaking nor shall any member at thejouintime oi adjournment leave his seat until the Speaker retires Matters Rule 26 No member shall in debate refer to any private ingufsenconversation had with another member or to any matters mfttees1 which have transpired in any committee or in the Senate vatconRule 27 In nominating candidates for any office no laudd noffobe tory remarks shall be allowed nor shall any other candidate LaudUory be disparaged anddis r pa r aging Buie 28 Applause or hisses in the Representative chamber whenrforor m the galleries or lobby during any speech or legislativeblddenproceedings shall be promptly suppressed aud hisses Rule 29 During the calling or reading of yeas and nays onyo debate any question no debate shall be had yeasnd Rule 30 No member can make more than one motion at anay time aud while the motion is being put to the House he must motion16 resume his seat and he is not lurther entitled to the floor made at a unless again recognized by the Speaker Rule 31 On all questions except the main question orExpianabill or amendments thereto any member may by unanimous tlon consent of the House be allowed three minutes in which to explain his vote Such consent shall be granted only upon request of the member desiring to explain his vote and on objection being made no motion for this purpose shall be submitted to the House On the main question or bill or amendments thereto any member may have three minutes as a matter of right in which to explain his vote No explanation shall be in order to a motion to adjourn in any form Rule 32 When the reading of any paper is called for and Readln of thesame is objected to by any member it shall be determined papersby a vote of the House and this motion shall be decided without debate Rule 83 Every member within the hall when a question When is put shall vote unless he is immediately and particularly embers interested therein or the House shall excuse him A motion to excuse a member from voting must be made before the 8 lm 114 Motion to House divides or before the call of the yeas and nays is com GXCUS6 7 made menced and it shall be decided without debate except that the Excuses member making the motion may briefly state the reason why from 0 voting in his opinion it ought to prevail DIVISION OF A QUESTION Rule 34 No member shall be allowed to address himself to any question and then move to table the bill resolution or motion or move the previous question thereon without relinquishing the floor call for a Rule 35 Any one member may call for a division of the division qUegon on a subject in which the sense thereof will admit of it I lj Rule 36 The member calling for a division must state into how made how many and definitely what parts he would have the question divided Each part of the divided proposition must be so distinct that if taken away the remainder can stand by themselves and be consistent and entire Qualifying Rule 37 A qualifying paragraph an exception or a protxceptkm1 viso if taken from that to which it belongs would not conviso tain a distinct or entire proposition strikeout Rule 33 A motion to strike out and insert is an indivis and insert not divis ible proposition BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS call of Rule 39 The Clerk shall on Mondays Wednesdays and Fri counties days call the counties for the introduction of new matter beginning alternately at the first and last of the alphabet Bills and Rule 40 All bills and resolutions shall be called in the order 3B5S in which they stand on the calendar and before reading any order bill or resolution the second or third time the Clerk shall distinctly state its number and the name of the member by whom introduced provided that House and Senate bills and resolutions adversely reported shall not be taken up for a second reading except by request of the authors of such bill or resolution or some member of the House provided that the General Appropriation Bill and the General Tax Bill shall have precedence oh third reading until the same shall have been finally disposed of 115 Rule 41 Every motion to suspend the rules for the purpose of taking up bills or resolution out of their regular order and every motion to make special orders shall except by the unanimous consent of the House he submitted in writing and reported upon by the Committee on Rules before being submitted to the House Rule 42 It shall be in order to introduce bills or other mat Bmsetc ter upon the call of the counties without any previous notice troduced having been given for that purpose Rule 43 No debate shall be admitted upon any bill at the Question i ii i on first firt reading and the question shall be Shall this bill be com reading mitted or engrossed In case of engrossment the entry thereof shall be made by the Clerk and the bill shall not be amendable thereafter unless subsequently committed In case of commitment it shall be to a committee of the whole House unless the House shall otherwise direct and bills committed Bffectof to the whole House shall be considered in Committee of the reporter Whole House In cases where the report of a committee is Adyerse re favorable to the passage of a bill the same shall be read a sec ond time and passed to a third reading without question Where the report of a committee is adverse to the passage of a bill on the second reading thereof the question shall be on agreeing to the report of the committee If the report of the committee is agreed to the bill shall be lost If the report of the committee is disagreed to the bill shall be passed to a third reading unless recommitted Any bill may be withdrawn at any stage thereof by consent of the House Rule 44 No bifi or resolution shall be transmitted to the TrausmisSenate on the day of the passage thereof unless twothirds of the members present shall so order vo e Rule 45 No bill shall be printed until after the same has BiUs wheo been reported to the House by the committee to which it has printMbeen referred or by request of said committee and the order of the House agreeing thereto committee Rule 46 All proceedings touching the appropriating of whole ge money shall be considered in the Committee of the Whole Rule 107 ee House 116 resolutions Rwle 47 All bills and resolutions shall bein writing and writing have the name of the member introducing the same as dorsedn well as the county he represents indorsed on the back of the same and m the case of bills the caption of the bill shall also be indorsed on the same cDmmitof Rule 48 Where a bn or a resolution has been referred and ofaUioner reported by morft than one committee or has been reported on and recommitted to the same committee the last committee report shall be acted on by the House and in all cases the report of the Committee of the Whole House shall be first acted on by the House PRECEDENCE OP MOTIONS Science 49 Wben wAJfect is before the House for consideration or under debate no motion shall be received except the following to wit 1st Motion to adjourn 2d A motion to lay on table 3d A motion for the previous question 4th A motion to adjourn to a time definite 5th A motion to postpone indefinitely 6th A motion to postpone to a day certain 7th A motion to commit 8th A motion to amend Which said motions shall have precedence in the order in which they stand as above arranged MOTION TO ADJOURN Not debat Rule 50 A motion t0 adjurn in 0 instance debatable able whennor shall said motion be made a second time until further maybe w renewed progress has been made in the business before the House A motion to adjourn in its simple form shall not be amended When Rule 51 A motion to adjurn on a particular day or for a debatable particular time if made when the House is not actually engaged in other business is debatable made motion to adjourn can be made at any time when the member moving it can legitimately obtain the floor 117 Kule 58 A motion to adjourn may be made after the mo when not tion for the previous question has been sustained but when in rder the House has voted that the main question shall be now put no motion to adjourn is in order nor shall any motion to adjourn be in order after the Clerk has called thejfirst name of the yeas and nays and a vote of one member has been given or after a division of the House hasbeen had on a vote and the vote is in process of being counted and announced Rule 54 When a motion to adjourn in its simple form prevails it adjourns the House to the next sitting day or time in Sijourecourse ment Rule 55 Whenever the hour of adjournment as fixed by a Hour of adprior resolution shall arrive while the vote of the House is wbltbSr being taken by yeas and nays the session shall continue until pone the final vote is taken and announced and if said fixed hour of adjournment shall arrive while the House is acting on the main question after a motion for the previous question has been sustained and before the vote on the1 main question is being taken either by a division or by the yeas and nays as aforesaid the House shall stand adjourned by virtue of said prior resolution MOTIONS TO LAY ON THE TABLE Rule 56 No motion to lay an amendment or substitute on Amendthe table shall be in order substitute Rule 57 A majority of a quorum voting may take from the 2KS table at any time when the House is not engaged on any other table measure any bill resolution or other paper which has been Hownatordered to lie on the table and when so taken up the same taken fromis thereby restored to its appropriate place on the calendar table Rule 58 If the motion to lay on the table prevails it re Effeet of 1 Vote to moves trom the consideration of the House the measure to tablegether with all the motions attached to it at the time it is so disposed of Rule 59 When the proposition is again taken from the vKotake table it stands before the House in theexact form with all the fromtable 118 motions pertaining to it just as it did at the time the motion to lay on the table prevailed to0tXieiS Rule 60 After a yea and nay vote is called on any bill or jSfg1 solutionthe House not acting at the time under the precompieted voug questionand one vote has been recorded no motion to table shall be in order until the rollcall shall have been completed When any bill or resolution is tabled after the completion of the rollcall and then taken from the table nothing can be done except to announce the result of said vote as shown by said rollcall at the time said bill or resolution was tabled Whenre jue motion to lay on the table or to take from the table can be renewed from time to time when new business has intervened between the votes abiedofat Rule 62 Neither the motion to lay on the table nor the moamendabie to take from the table is debatable or amendable Member Rule 63 No member having obtained the floor shall be altorve to lowed to submit a motion then move to lay that motion on the table his nor he be auowed to yield the floor to any other motion member jn orer for said member to whom the floor is so yielded to move to lav the motion of the member yielding on the table what can Rule 64 Nothing can be legitimately laid on the table exbe tabled cep ting what can be taken up again When in Rule 65 A motion to lay on the table may be made after ordir fehe motion for the previous question has been sustained but when the House has voted on the main question shall be now put no motion to lay on the table is in order THE MOTION FOR THE PREVIOUS QUESTION Effect of Rule 66 The motion for the previous question shall previous question be decidej without debate and shall take precedence of all other motions except motion to adjourn or to lay on the table but neither of said motions shall be made but once until after the previous question has been exhausted and when it is moved the question shall he 119 u Shall the motion for the previous question be sustained If this be decided by a majority vote in the affirmative and the next question to wit Shall the main question be now put is decided in the affirmative by a majority vote all other motions will be out of order and the House Cannot adjourn until the previous question is exhausted or the regular hour of adjournment arrives Rule 67 When the previous question has been ordered Twenty the House shall then proceed to act on the main question without debate except that before the main question is put twenty minutes shall be allowed to the committee whose report of the bill or other measure is under consideration to close the debate Where the report of the committee is adverse to the passage of the bill or other measure the introducer of the bill shall be allowed twenty minutes before the time allowed to the committee for closing the debate The Chairman of the committee or the introducer of the bill or other measure may yield the floor to such members as he may indicate for the time or any part of it allowed under this rule This rule shall not be construed to allow the twenty minutes above referred to to be used but once on any bill or measure and then on the final passage of the bill or measure Rule 68 After the main question is ordered any memyote how ber may call for a division of the House in taking the vote taken or may call for the yeas and nays if the call for the yeas and nays is sustained by onefifth of the members voting the vote shall be taken by the yeas and nays and so entered on the Journal Rule 69 The effect of the order that the main ques Effect of tion be now put is to bring the House to a vote on pendmainauesing questions in the order in which they stood before it ordered was moved a a Rule 70 After the main question has been ordered Reconsid excepting one motion to reconsider the action inordering the main question no motion to reconsider shall be morder order until after the vote on the main question is taken Rule 71 In all cases where a minority report has been submitted on any question if the previous question is ordered there shall be twentv minutes allowed to the members whose name is first signedto said minority report or to such mem m ber or members as he may indicate for the time so allowed or any part of it before the twenty minutes allowed to the Chairman submitting the majority report and or Kule 72 The previous question may be called and ordered dered upon a single motion or an amendment or it may be made to embrace all authorized motions or amendments and include t the entire bill to its passage or rejection all of the p i no r r xtuie 6 A call of the House shall not be in order after the previous question is ordered unless it shall appear upon an actual count by the Speaker that a quorum is not present Kule 74 All incidental questions of order arising after a motion is made for the previous question and pending such motion shall be decided whether on appeal or otherwise without debate MOTIONS TO INDEFINITELY POSTPONE Rule 75 When a bill resolutionor other measure is under consideration on the final reading thereof a motion to indefinitely postpone if decided in the affirmative by a majority of a quorum thereby disposes of said bill resolution or other measure for the session bie amend Rule 76 The motion to indefinitely postpone lays open the whole question for debate but it cannot be amended not be ap Rule 77 While themotion to indefinitely postpone takes precedence over a motion to postpone to a day certain or to commit or amend yet this motion cannot be applied to said motions nor can it be applied to incidental question such as questions of order reading of papers withdrawal of a motion and suspension of a rule Kot re Rule 78 No motion to indefinitely postpone shall be renewed me wed on any bill4 resolution or other measure after the same has been voted down MOTION TO POSTPONE TO ADAY CERTAIN Rule 79 The motion to postpone a bill resolution or other measure to a day certain when decided in the affirmative by House when in order Questions of order Effect 121 a majority of a quorum removes the subject from before the House until the time designated and makes it a privileged question for that day so selected Rule 80 Jf the motion to postpone a bill a resolution or other measure is decided in the negative it leaves the question vte before the House as it was before the motion was made and it cannot be moved asecond time on same day or at the same stage of the proceeding Rule 81 This motion to postpone to a day certain may be Maybe an ended amended by substituting one day for another In this case thetime would be treated as a blank and the Speaker should treat these propositions as he would those to fill blanks Rule 82 If a day designated is known to be beyond the ses yondy si on the Speaker shall treat the motion as though it had been thesessi01ra motion to indefinitely postpone the subject Rule 88 On a motion to postpone to a day certain it is not wUennd in order to debate the merits of the question proposed to be flowed postponed Debate may be allowed but it shall be confined strictly to the propositidn to postpone and to show why one clay is preferred to another It shall be the duty of the Speaker to hold members rigidly to these points Rule 84 This motion cannot be applied to subordinate or Motion how ap incidenial questions but must be applied to the whole bill plied resolution or other measure before the House and when it prevails it carries forward the whole proposition and its appendages to the day named MOTIONS TO COMMIT Rule 85 Motions to commit may be made to refer a bill Motion to resolution or other measure to a standing or special committee CQmmitor committee of the whole House Rule 86 A motion to commit to a standing committee takes precedence precedence over a motion to commit to a special committee of and shall be first voted on but where a motion is made that a billresolution or other measure be committed to the committee of the whole House this motion shall be put before either of the above named motions 122 f When de Rule 87 On a motion simply to commit no debate shall be batabie aowej jUt where instructions are addedj the merits of the question can be debated how Rule 88 A motion to commit may be amended by adding amended ur by substituting another committee for the one named by the member making the motion Motion to Ruie 89 Any proposition that has been referred to any recommit eher standing or special may on motion be re committed to the same or any other committee by a majority of a quorum MOTIONS TO AMEND Amend Rule 90 There are three ways in which a proposition may made8W be amene fo WR 1st By inserting or adding words 2d By striking out words 3d By striking out and inserting words An amendment is itself subject to he amended in all three of the ways above mentioned but it is not admissible to amend an amendment to an amendment Rule 91 A substitute is simply an amendment it is in effect a motion to strike out all after the enacting clause of a hill or the word Resolved in a resolution and insert that offered as a substitute Rule 92 When a bill or resolution is before the House for grated consideration and amendments are pending thereto and a Situate substitute shall be offered for said bill or resolution and an amendment shall be offered to said substitute it shall be m order for the House to first perfect the original bill or resolution and then perfect the substitute The question shall then he on agreeing to the substitute as amended if it be amended and if decided in the affirmative the question shall be Shall this bill pass or resolution be adopted as the case may he by substitute When too Rule 93 An amendment cannot be offered after the report mind of the committee to whom was referred the bill or resolution 123 under consideration has been agreed to by the House unless said action of the House in so agreeing to said report of said committee shall first be reconsidered Rule 94 All motions to amend any matter before the wrjtng House must be in writing and must plainly and distinctly set forth the amendment desired and the part of the bill or resolution where said amendment shall be inserted or added ggygi Rule 95 On all questions whether in committee or in the House the last amendment the most distant day and the largest sum shall be first put Rule 96 Where blanks occur in any proposition they must Blanks be filed first before any motion is made to amend Rule 97 The caption or preamble of a bill or resolution Caption Shall not be considered or amended until the measure has been amended p6 r gctod Rule 98 When a proposition consisting of several sections or resolutions is on a final reading and the House shall agree to a motion to consider the same by sections or paragraphs the Clerk in reading the same shall pause at the end of each section or resolution and the amendments thereto shall be offered as the several sections or resolutions are read but the amendments offered by the committee to whom said bill or resolution was referred shall be read by the Clerk without any motion being made in the House and when a section or resolution shall have been considered it is not in order to recur back and amend it Ainend Rule 99 When a motion is made to amend by striking out mentsby and inserting the Clerk shall read the paragraph as it is then the words to be stricken out and finally the whole paragraph as it would be if amended Rule 100 When a motion is made to amend by striking out of a paragraph any amendment offered to perfect the paragraph menuo shall be put first before the question is put for striking it out Rule 101 When any bill dr resolution which originated in Amendthe House has been amended in the Senate and is before the House for action on the Senate amendment an amendmentmeatsmay be offered in the House to the Senate ameiment but the 124 see rule 136 House amendment to the Senate amendment can not be further amended it must be agreed to or voted down Priority Ru moGm amend an amendment made by theSenate to the House bill or resolution takes precedence of a motion to agree or disagree to said amendment questions 13 The questions which arise before the House re amendte specting amendments by the Senate to a House bill or resoments lution are 1st A motion to agree to the Senate amendment 2d A motion to disagree to the Senate amendment 3d A motion to recede from its disagreement or amendment 4th A motion to insist on its disagreement or amendments 5th A motion to adhere to its disagreement or amendment They take precedence in the above order RECONSIDERATION Rule 104 When the Journal of the preceding day shall be reconsider rd it shall be in the power of any member whether said member previously voted in the affirmative or negative on the matter sought to be reconsidered to move for a reconsideration of any matter therein contained except such matter as has been previously reconsidered provided such member shall notify the House of his intention to move such reconsider ation at any time before the Journal is confirmed Shall not t i 1 Ar ml drawn1 1X1116 noce of a motion to reconsider shall not when be withdrawn after the time has elapsed within which it might originally have been made reconsider maRer shall be reconsidered more than once ation Rule 107 Motion for reconsideration shall be in order imwhenin mediately after the confirmation of the Journal on the day succeeding the action sought to be reconsidered except that any matter which could not be reconsidered on the succeeding day shall be in order for reconsideration on the day of said action 125 Rule 108 The action of the House upon an amendment Amendmay be reconsidered at any time before final action upon the when resection bill or resolution to which it relates ere Rule 109 All bills reconsidered shall take their place atpiareo the foot of the calendar of bills then in order for a third readcalendaring COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE HOUSE Rule 110 The Speaker may resolve the House into a Com when mittee of the Whole without a motion being made therefor Speakerby whenever a bill or resolution shall be in order for consideration on its third reading before the House which is required by J See rule 44 the rules of this House to be considered in the Committee ot the Whole Rule 111 The House may resolve itself into a Committee When of the Whole House by a majority of a quorum voting on mothe Housed tion of a member made for that purpose Rule 112 In forming a Committee of the Whole House How the Speaker sh ill leave the chair and a Chairman to preside formed in committee shall be appointed by the Speaker Rule 113 In the Committee of the Whole bills shall be Procedfirst read throughout by the Clerk and then again be read or mSfS debated by clauses or sections leaving the preamble to be last considered unless otherwise ordered Rule 114 The Rules of the House shall be observed by the Rule in Committee of the Whole so far as they may be applicable excommitteecept that it can not refer a matter to any other committee it can not adjourn the previous question can not be enforced a motion to lay on the table or indefinitely postpone shall not be in order a member may speak as often as he may obtain the floor no call of the House shall be in order nor shall any vote be taken by yeas and nays Rule 115 If at any time in the Committee of the Whole Debate it shall be desired to close the debate or to limit the time tohw closed be allowed members for speaking the committee may rise and report its desire to the House and the House shall take such I2f action thereon as it may see fit by a resolution agreed for that purpose said resolution shall apply only to the subjectmatter before said committee and when said resolution has been agreed to or refused by the House the action of the House shall be deemed the sense of the committee and the House may then on motion again resolve itself into Committee o the Whole and continue the consideration of the subject Time of Kuie 116 In the event that a Committee of the Whole fended House at any sitting shall for want of time fail to complete any matter under consideration it may on motion at any time in the committee made rise report progress and have leave to sit again generally or at a day certain Motiod to Rule 117 A motion that the committee rise and report riseet0 progress and ask leave to sit again can be made at any time when the moverthereof can legitimately obtain the floor aud shall take precedence over all other motions and shall be decided without debate and when it prevails the committee shall immediately rise Reconsid Rule 118 A motion to reconsider shall be in order m tiom eration mittee of the Whole Duty Of Rule 119 The Committee of the Whole shall not proceed quorum the business before it whenever a vote on any question is presen digclose the fact that no quorum of the House is present Whenever it is suggested that a quorum is not present the Chairman of the committee shall satisfy himself of the fact by actual count of the committee and report the same to the committee and the Chairman shall on his own motion order that the committee immediately rise and he shall report the fact of the absence of a quorum to the House Rule 120 The Speaker may in Committee of the Whole bersshaii take part in the proceedings and he as well as all other memexcused688 bers shall vote on all questions before the committee unless excused therefrom and no pairing of members shall be recognized or allowed in the Committee of the Whole Rule 121 Amendments proposed by the Committee of the mentsf Whole may be amended or rejected by the House and matters stricken out by the committee may be restored by the House 127 Rule 122 A Committee of the Whole House can not punish eonductly disorderly condilct of its members but must report the same rePrtedto the House for action thereon Rule 123 The Chairman of the Committee of the Whole mader shall have power to have the galleries or lobbies cleared in fared case of any disorderly conduct therein Rule 124 When the Committee of the Whole have disposed pr0Ceeaof the bill resolutions or other measures befose it by motion whenVsiand question it shall rise and the Chairman will be instructed it is finishto report the action of the committee to the House At this point the Speaker will resume his seat and the Chairman will return to the floor and will state in substance as follows Mr Speaker the Committee of the Whole House have had under consideration naming what and have instructed me as their Chairman to report the same back to the House with the recommendation that thesame do pass or do pass as amended or do not pass as the case may be The Speaker will receive this report and repeat the same and the matter will then be before the House for action just as though reported by any other committee Rule 125 The proceedings of the Committee of the Whole shall not be recorded in the Journal of the House except so ReeortL far as reported to the House by the Chairman of said committee Rule 126 When in the Comnlittee of the Whole any papers papers in the possession of the House may be called for by any mem Siiedifor her and read by the Clerk for the information of the committee unless the committee shall otherwise order Rule 127 Amendments offered to an amendment in the Report shall con Committee of the Whole shall not be reported to the House tain result x p of eommit but the report shall contain only the result of the committees ac action on the bill resolution or measure under consideration before it 128 ABSENTEES Morning dispensed Rule 128 The rpllcall at the opening of each session of the three House shall nothe dispensed with except by a threefourths fourths j i r J vote vote ot the members present Names of Rue 12b Upon the call of all the members ordinary and notIdtes extraordinary the names of the absentees shall be noted by the Clerk and shall appear upon the Journal And it shall be the duty of the Clerk to keep a separate list of the absentees from each days proceedings which list shall be entered upon the Journal and shall show which of said absentees are absent without leave and of those absentwith leave which are absent for providential causes and which for business reasons which said separate list shall be read in the House with the Journal upon which the same is entered The Clerk shall also keep a book accessible to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave the names of all such absentees noting such as are absent without leave and the members so absent without leave unless excused by the House shall not be entitled to drawpay for the time they are so absent Auditing It sha11 be the duty of the Committee on Auditing to inCommittee quire into the matter before passing upon any members account Excuse of Excuses of members absent without leave shall be submitmembers ted to the Committee on Excuses of Members Absent without Leave and the recommendation of some member of said committee shall be necessary to have said excuse allowed by the House COMPELLING ATTENDANCE Power io Rule 130 The power to compel the attendance of members attendance order to keep or secure a quorum shall be vested in the Speaker and to this end he may have the doors of the House closed When the doors are so closed no member shall be allowed to retire from the House without first obtaining leave from the House 129 The Messenger of the House shall be ex officio Sergeantat SergeantArms of the House and on order of the Speaker may arrest any absentees and bring them before the House when necessary to secure a quorum as aforesaid CALL OF THE HOUSE Rule 131 Whenever the result of a vote taken shall dis can how elose the fact that no quorum of the House is present or when subsequent the Speaker shall officially state the fact to the House it shall Eiseed be in order for any member to make a motion for a call of the House and when this motion is made the Speaker shall state the Question as follows Shall the motion for the call of the House prevail and if fifteen of the members present shall vote in the affirmative the Speaker shall order the Clerk to call the roll of members and the absentees shall be noted the doors shall then be closed after which the names of the absentees shall again be called over and those who do not appear and who are absent without leave may by the order of the majority of the members present be sent for and arrested wherever they may be found by the officers to be appointed by the Messenger for that purpose and their attendance secured and the House shall determine upon what conditions they shall be discharged CONSTITUTIONAL RULES Rule 132 A majority of each House shall constitute a quo what is a rum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn Compel ling from day to day and compel the presence of its absent mem en ane bers as each House may provide Art 3 Sec 4 Par 4 Rule 133 Each Senator and Representative before taking agff his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation to wit will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgkn 130 ment be most conducive to the interest and prosperity of this State Art 3 Sec 4 Par 5 Majority Rule 184 No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive to pass a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance appear on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 14 Yeas and Eule 135 The yeas and nays on any question shall at the der by one desire of onefifth of the members present be entered on the fifth of members Journal present Art 3 Sec 7 Par 6 Bin or Rule 136 No bill or resolution appropriating money shall resolutions l approprit become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays m ing money must pass each House are recorded and nays Art 3 Sec 7 Par 12 Rule 137 Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of Constitu tMrdsltw twothirds of either or both Houses for the passage of an Apt vote taken or resolution the yeas and navs on the passage thereof shall and nays e entered on the Journal Art 3 Sec 7 Par 21 Reading Rule 138 Every bill before it shall pass shall be read of bills three times and on three separate days in each House unlessin cases of actual invasion or insurrection The first and sec ond reading of local bills shall be by titles only The third reading of local bills must be full and complete Art 3 Sec 7 Par 7 Revenue Rule 139 All bills for raising revenue or appropriating bllls money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Art 3 Sec 7 Par 10 one sub Rule 140 No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to ter etc more thanone subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Art 3 Sec 7 Par 8 An amend Rule 141 No law or section of the Code shall be amended ment to laws and 0J repealed bv mere reference to its title or to the number or sections of 1 Code 131 the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Art 3 Sec 7 Par 17 Rule 142 Laws of a general nature shall have uniform peWai 1 laws how operation throughout the State and no special law shall be variedenacted in any case for which provisions have been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the consent in writing of all persons to be affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent and when Art 1 Sec 4 Par 1 required Rule 143 The General Assembly shall have no power to corporagrant corporate powers and privileges to private companies except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies nor to make or change election precincts nor establish bridges or ferries nor to change names or legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law the manner in which such power shall be exercised bv thePowerdel egated to COUrtS courts Art 3 Sec 7 Par 18 Rule 144 The General Assembly shall have no power Relief of recogni to relieve principles or securities upon forfeited recognizancezances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in he custody of the proper officer Art 3 Sec 7 Par 19 Rule 145 The General Appropriation bill shall embrace whatthe nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the appropriaordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative and Ju shaVJondicial Departments of the Government paying of the publicapproprr debt and interest thereon and for the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State Allbills other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Art 3 Sec 7 Par 9 r 132 Adjourn Rule 146 Neither House shall adjourn for more than three ments ays or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment the Governor may adjourn either or both of them Art 3 Sec 7 Par 24 Elections Rule 147 All elections by the General Assembly shall be viva voce and the vote shall appear on the Journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare result Art 3 Sec 10 Par 1 Reected Rule 148 No bill or ordinance or resolution intended to bills again iave effect of a law which shall have been rejected by considered thifdsvote either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected Art 3 Sec 7 Par 13 Rule 149 The General Assembly meets annually on the Hmfted to fourth Wednesday in June and the House and Senate are fifty days oraer at io oclock a m The Annual sessions are limited to fifty days Art 3 Sec 4 Par 6 Elections Rule 150 Each House shall be the judge of the election recinduci turns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by cenbytwoion sure fine or imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall thirds vote GXpepe except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Art 3 Sec 7 Par 1 Signature Rule 151 No provision of this Constitution for a twothirds or when vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be conreQUir strued to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly Art 2 Sec 7 Par 23 133 Rule 152 The Governor shall have the revision of all bills Governors veto passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a bill notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill should not be returned by the Governor within five days Sunday excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any Effect of other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not thirds be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House thereon Art 5 Sec 1 Par 16 Rule 153 Every vote resolution or order to which the con When Gov currenee of both Houses may be necessary except on a question approve of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall take effect be approved by him or being thirds disapproved shall be passed by twothirds of each House Art 5 Sec 1 Par 17 Rule 154 No county site shall be changed or removed ex Twothirds cept by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county quimT voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly Art 11 Sec 1 Par 4 Rule 155 Any amendment or amendments to this Consti Twothirds tutiOn may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representa quiredon fives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the mentsto tt t i Constitu raembers elected to each of the two Houses such proposed tion amendment or amendments shall be entered on their Journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon and the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more newspapers in each Congressional District for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall provide for submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at th said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part 134 of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately Art 13 Sec 1 Par 1 Two thirds ule No convention of the people shall be called by the quired to General Assembly to revise amend or change the Constitution vention11 unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of How called eac1 House of the General Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on the population as near as practicable Art 13 Sec 1 Par 2 Rule 157 The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out Judges of the treasury of the State salaries not to exceed fourt houssand dollars per annum the Judges of the Superior Courts shall have salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the AttorneyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect those now in office May be The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds atwcv vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries for thirds vote or 0f he ove officers but no such changes shall affect the officers then in commission Art 6 Sec 13 Pars 1 and 2 Rule 158 No local or special bill shall be passed unless Evidence notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been pubof notice of i i J r local and lished in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected beUsubmitmaJ situated which notice shall be given at least thirty passage ut days prior to the introduction of such bill into the General same Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed Art 3 Sec 7 Par 16 135 MISCELLANEOUS RULES Rule 159 When a message shall be sent to the House of Messages Representatives it shall be announced at the door of the House by the Doorkeeper and be respectfully communicated to the chair by the person through whom it may be sent Rule 160 Messages may be received at any time while the Messages door is open except while a question is being put or a ballotTeivedand or a viva voce is being taken A message shall be presented considered to the House by the Speaker when received or af terwards according to its nature and the business in which the House is engaged oritsconsideration may on motion be ordered by the House Rule 161 It shall be the order of the day every Wednesday Petitions to take up and decide on reports of committees on petitions and all petitions shall be numbered as they are received and taken up and disposed of in the order they were received unless otherwise ordered by a majority of the House Rule 162 After a motion is stated by the Speaker or read Motions by the Clerk it shall be deemed to be in the possession of the House but may be withdrawn at any time before the decision by consent of the House Rule 163 Any member presenting a petition memorial or Petition remonstrance shall as concisely as practicable intimate the memorials name and object of the petitioner memorialist or remonstrant which shall be noted on the Journal and the paper may then be referred without reading Rule 164 The several standing committees of the House shall have leave to report by bill or otherwise The reteesport of the Committee on Rules is in order at any time when the House is not actually engaged in other business Rule 165 The Clerk of the House shall take an oath for Clerkt the true and faithful discharge of the duties of his office to the best of his knowledge and abilities and shall be deemed to continue in office until another be elected Rule 166 The clerk shall take special care of the books Clerk provided for the use of the House Rule 167 The Committee on Enrollment shall carefully committee compare enrolled bills and resolutions and correcting any er mntroU 136 rors that may be discovered in the enrolled bills or other papers make their report forthwith of their respective Houses of ruteglon Rule 168 The rules of this House known as Constitutional rules shall in no case be suspended all other rules shall in no case be suspended nor the order of business be changed except by a vote of threefourths of the members voting No debate Rule 169 Any motion to suspend rules or change the order of business shall be decided without debate Motions Rule 17h Any molt ion not privileged containing new mat eged ter shall lie at least one day on the table Record Rule 171 Whenever on any question the yeas and nays shall have been ordered the Clerk shall also enter on the Journal the names of those members not voting Notneces Rule When a motion is made by any member it shall ontttfon not be necessary that the same shall be seconded before being put to the House commit Rule 173 After the announcement of the standing eommitand when tee no other members shall be placed thereon except when ea arge memters have been elected to fill vcaneies caused by death or otherwise the Speaker may assign said members to such committees as he may see fit and he may fill any vacancy in chairmanships Rnle 174 No person shall be allowed to enter upon the floor Priviliges of the of the House except the members and officers thereof the of floor fleers and members of the Senate the Governor of the State and the heads of the offices of the Executive Department State house officers and members of the Press actively reporting legislative proceedings exGovernors Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and solieitorsgeneral in actual commission expresiding officers of the House and Senate Judges and DistrictAttorneys of the United States Courts and such others as the House may allow upon recommendation of the Committee on the Privileges of the Floor Rule 175 It shall be the duty of the Committee on Journals Duty of Cotrmif to read the Journal of each day s proceedings and report to Journals the House that the same is correct before the Journal is read by the Clerk 137 Rule 176 Th House may by unanimous consent relieve Effect of unanimous itself from the operation of any rule other than the Constitu consent tional Rules of the House The Speaker shall entertain but one request for unanimous consent at any one time Rule 177 No member shall take any books or papers Members to receipt from the possession of the House or Clerk without first ac Clerk for 4 books and quainting the Clerk and giving him a receipt to return the paperssame in a reasonable time or on his demand Rule 178 The hour to which the House shall stand adjourned every day shall be 10 oclock am of the succeeding day except Sunday unless otherwise ordered by the House Rule 179 A motion for the call of the yeas and nays shall be decided without debate Rule 180 All Acts and joint resolutions shall be signed by Speaker and Clerk and all writs warrants and subpoenas issued by order of the House shall be signed by the Speaker and attested by the Clerk Rule 181 It shall be the duty of the Messenger to attend to the wants of the House while in session to aid in the enforcement of order under the direction of the Speaker to execute the demands of the House from time to time together with all such processes issued under its authority as may be directed to him by the Speaker Rule 182 The Messenger under the direction of the Clerk shall superintend the distribution by the Pages of all documents and papers to be distributed to the members he shall distribute to the members the usual and necessary stationery required by them Adjourn ment Motion for yeas and nays not debatable Signature of Speaker and Clerk Duty of Messenger Messengers duty in distributing documents etc Rule 183 No Committee of the Whole or other cominterlineation forbid mittee shall deface or interline a bill resolution or other denpaper referred to said committee but shall report any amendment recommended on a separate paper noting the section page or line to which said amendments relate Rule 184 No pairing of members shall be recognized Pairing or allowed as an excuse for not voting Rule 185 Whenever any member moves that a Committee Committee of Conference on disagreeing votes of the two Houses nam ence ing the number of members be appointed if said motion pre 138 Amend ments Motion Majority and minority reports What motions lie on table Changing votes Questions of privilege vails the Speaker shall appoint a committeeon the part of the House and in such case the committee shall consist of only such members as voted in the majority on the position assumed by the House and if by inadvertence any member be nominated on said committee who was not in said majority vote he shall notify the House and be excused by the Speaker Eule 186 After commitment of a bill and report thereof to the House it may be amended before the report of the committee is agreed to by the House but the amendments if any reported by the committee shall be disposed of before any other amendment be considered unless it be an amendment to a committee amendment Eule 187 No motion on a subject different from that under consideration shall be admitted under color of amendment If a motion be made to strike out part of a bill or resolution a motion to amend the part proposed to be stricken out shall be first in order Eule 188 All reports of a committee shall be in writing and the minority of a committee may make a report in writing setting forth succinctly the reasons for their dissent Eule 189 Every motion for information from the Executive Department shall lie on the table one day Eule 190 On the call of the yeas and nays the Clerk shall read the names of the members after they have been called and no member shall be permitted to change his vote unless he at that time declares that he voted under a mistake of the question Eule 191 Questions of privilege shall be first those affecting the rights of the House collectively its safety dignity and the integrity of its proceedings second the rights reputation and conduct of members individually in their representative capacity only and shall have precedence of all other questions except a motion to adjourn Eule 192 In all elections a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice 139 COMMITTEES Rule 193 The Speakers shall appoint the following standing committees Committee on Amendments to the Constitution Committee on Appropriations General Committee on Agriculture for consideration of general bills t Special Committee on Agriculture for consideration of special and local bills Committee on Auditing Committee on Banks Committee on Blind Asylum Committee on Corporations Committee on Counties and County Matters Committee on Education Committee on Enrollment Committee on Excuse of Members Absent without Leave Committee on Game and Fish Committee on Georgia School for the Deaf Committee on Georgia State Sanitarium Committee on Hall and Committee Rooms Committee on Hygiene and Sanitation Committee on Invalid Pensions Committee on Internal Improvement Committee on Immigration Committee on Journals General Committee on Judiciary for the consideration of general bills Special Committee on Judiciary for consideration of special and local bills Committee on Labor and Labor Statistics Committee on Manufactures Committee on Military Affairs Committee on Mines and Mining Committee on New Counties Committee on Pensions Committee on Penitentiary Committee on Public Library 140 Committee on Public Printing Committee on Public Property Committee on Privileges of the Floor Committee on Privileges and Elections Committee on Railroads Committee on Public Roads and Highways Committee on Rules of which the Speaker shall be ex officio Chairman Committee on State of the Republic Committee on Temperance Committee on University ot Georgia and its Branches Committee on Ways and Means Committee on Western and Atlantic Railroad for the consideration of all matters pertaining to the Western and Atlantic Railroad Committee oh Wild Lands The Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Appropriations shall be ex officio members of the Committee on Ways and Means and the Chairman and Chairman pro tern of the Committee on Ways and Means shall be ex officio members of the Committee on Appropriations ORDER OF BUSINESS Rule 194 The following shall be the order of business 1 Prayer by the Chaplain 2 Call of the Roll 3 Reading of the Journal 4 Confirmation of the Journal 5 Motion to Reconsider 6 Reports of Standing Committees 7 Unfinished business of previous session 8 Orders of the day 9 On Mondays Wednesdays and Fridays call of the counties for the introduction of new matter On Wednesdays third reading of Senate bills and resolutions 141 10 House bill for third reading and House bills with Senate amendments 11 House bills for second reading 12 House resolutions 13 On Mondays and Fridays immediately after the call of the counties Senate bills for first and second reading shall be in order 14 On Wednesday immediately after the call of the counties all petitions and reports of committees on petitions shall be in order 15 Bills of Senate for Third reading 16 Senate resolutions 17 The reports of the Committee on Enrollment may be made at any time 18 After the regular order of business for each day shall have beeen exhausted House bills for first and second reading and Senate bills for first and second reading respectively shall be in order Unless otherwise ordered by the House no general bills or resolutions shall bin order fora third reading at Saturdays session Kule 195 No change of or addition to these rules shall be Chan inff made unless such proposed change or addition be first referred rules to the Committee on Buies and reported back to the House Rule 196 When any question arises which is not provided r Questions for m the foregoing Rules the same shall be controlled by the rules usually governing parliamentary bodies Rule 197 The Auditing Committee shall before auditing the account of any member for expenses of a committeeman or any account prescribed by a member for any expense incurred in discharge of any duty as a member of this house require of such an itemized statement of such account supported by proper vouchers for each item of said account CONSTITUTION OF THE STATE OF GEORGIA BILL OF RIGHTS PREAMBLE To perpetuate the principles of free government insure justice to all preserve peace promote the interest and happiness of the citizen and transmit to posterity the enjoyment of liberty we the people of Georgia relying upon the protection and guidence of Almighty God do ordain and establish this Constitution ARTICLE I Section I Paragraph I All government of right originates with the people is founded upon their will only and is instituted solely for the good of the whole Public officers are the trustees and servants of the people and at all times amenable to them Par II Protection to person and property is the paramount duty of government and shall be impartial and complete Par III No person shall be deprived of life liberty or property except by due process of law Par IV No person shall be deprived of the right to prosecute or defend his own cause in any of the Courts of this State in person by attorney orboth Par V Every person charged with an offense against the laws of this State shall have the privilege and benefit of counsel shall be furnished on demand with a copy of the accusation and a list of the witnesses on whose testimony the charge against him isfounded shall have compulsory process to obtain the testimony of his own witnesses shall be confronted with the witnesses testifying against him and shall have a public and speedy trial by an impartial jury Par VI No person shall be compelled to give testimony tending in any way to criminate himself Par VII Neither banishment beyond the limits of the State nor whipping as a punishment for crime shall be allowed Par VIII No person shall be put in jeopardy of life or liberty more than once for the same offense save on his or her own motion for a new trial after conviction or in case of mistrial Par IX Excessive bail shall not be required nor excessive fines imposed nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted rior shall any person be abused in being arrested while under arrest or in prison Par X No person shall be compelled to pay costs except after conviction on final trial Par XI The writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended 144 Par XII All men have the natural and inalienable right to worship God each according to the dictates of his own conscience and no human authority should in any case control or interfere with such right of con science Par XIII No inhabitant of this State shall be molested in person or property or prohibited from holding any public office or trust on account of his religious opinions but the right of liberty of conscience shall not be so construed as to excuse acts of licentiousness or justify practices inconsistent with the peace and safety of the State Par XIV No money shall ever be taken from the public treasury directly or indirectly in aid of any church sect or denomination of religionists or of any sectarian institution Par XV No law shall ever be passed to curtail or restrain the liberty of speech or of the press any person may speak write and publish his sentiments on all subjects being responsible for the abuse of that liberty Par XVI The right of the people to be secure in their persons houses papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated and no warrant shall issue except upon probable cause supported by oath or affirmation particularly describing the place or places to be searched and the person or things to be seized Par XVII There shall be within the State of Georgia neither slavery nor involuntary servitude save as a punishment for crime after legal conviction thereof Par XVIII The social status of the citizen shall never be the subject of legislation Par XIX The civil authority shall be superior to the military and no soldier shall in time of peace be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner nor in time of war except by the civil magistrate in such manner as may be provided by law Par XX The power of the Courts to punish for contempts shall be limited by legislative acts Par XXI There shall be no imprisonment for debt Par XXII The right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed but the General Assembly shall have power to prescribe the manner in which arms may be borne Par XXIII The legislative judicial and executive powers shall forever remain separate and distinct and no person discharging the duties of one shall at the same time exercise the functions of either of the others except as herein provided Par XXIV The people have the right to assemble peaceably for their common good and to apply to those vested with the powers of government for redress of grievances by petition or remonstrance Par XXV All citizens of the United States resident ih this State are hereby declared citizens of this State and it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to enact such laws as will protect them in the full enjoyment of the rights privileges and immunities due to such citizenship Section II Paragraph I In all prosecutions or indictments for libel the truth may be given in evidence and the jury in all criminal cases shall be the judges of the law and the facts The power oft the Judges to grant new trials in case of conviction is preserved Par II Treason against the State of Georgia shall consist in levying war against her adhering to her enemies giving them aid and com fort No person shall be convicted of treason except on the testimony f two witnesses to the same overt act or confession in open Court 145 Par III No conviction shall work corruption of blood or forfeiture of estate Par IY All lotteries and the sale of lottery tickets are hereby prohibited and this prohibition shall be enforced by penal laws Par Y Lobbying is declared to be a crime and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties Par YI The General Assembly shall have the power to provide for the punishment of fraud and shall provide by law for reaching property of the debtor concealed from the creditor Section III Paragraph I In cases of necessity private ways may be granted upon just compensation being first paid by the applicant Private property shall not be taken or damaged for public purposes without just and adequate compensation being first pad Par II No bill of attainder ex post facto law retroactive law or law impairing the obligation of contracts or making irrevocable grants of special privileges or immunities shall be passed Par III No grant of special privileges or immunities shall be revoked except in such manner as to work no injustice to the corporators or creditors of the incorporation Section IY Paragraph I Laws of a general nature shall have uniform operation throughout the State and no special law shall be enacted in any case for which provision has been made by an existing general law No general law affecting private rights shall be varied in any particular case by special legislation except with the free cpnsent in writing of all persons affected thereby and no person under legal disability to contract is capable of such consent Par II Legislative Acts in violation of this Constitution or the Constitution of the United States are void and the Judiciary shall so declare them Section Y Paragraph I The people of this State have the inherent sole and exelusive right of regulating their internal government and the police thereof and of altering and abolishing their Constitution whenever it may be necessary to their safetyand happiness Par II The enumeration of fights herein contained as a part of this Constitution shall not be construed to deny to the people any inherent rights which they may have hitherto enjoyed AETICLE II ELECTIVE FRANCHISE Section I Paragraph l In ail lections by the people the electors shall vote by ballot 101m 146 Par II Every male citizen of the United States except as hereinafter provided twentyone years of age who shall have resided in this State one year next preceding the election and shall have resided six months in the county in which he offers to vote and shall have paid all taxes which may hereafter be required of him and which he paay have had an opportunity of paying agreeable to law except for the year of the election shall be deemed an electors Providedthat no soldiersailor or marine in the military or naval service of the United States shall acquire the rights of an elector by reason of being stationed on duty in this State and no person shall vote who if challenged shall refuse to take the following oath or affirmation I do swear or affirm that I am twentyone years of age have resided in this State one year and in this county six months next preceding this election I have paid all taxes which since the adoption of the present Constitution of this State have been required of me previons to this year and which I have had an opportunity to pay and I have not voted at this election Section II Paragraph I The General Assembly may provide from time to time for the registration for all electors but the following classes of persons shall not be permitted to register vote or hold any office or appointment of honor or trust in this State to wit 1st Those who shall have been convicted in any Court of competent jurisdiction of treason against the State of embezzlement of public funds malefeasance in office bribery or larceny or of any crime involving moral turpitude punishable by the laws of this State with imprisonment in the penitentiary unless such person shall have been pardoned 2d Idiots and insane persons Section III Paragraph I Electors shall in all cases except for treason felony larceny and breach of the peace be privileged from arrest during their attendance on elections and in going to and returning from the same Section IV Paragraph I No person who is the holder of any public money contrary to law shall be eligible to any office in this State until the same is accounted for and paid into the treasury Par II No person who after the adoption of this Constitution being a resident of this State shall have been convicted of fighting a duel in this State or convicted of sending or accepting a challenge or convicted of aiding or abetting such duel shall hold office in this State unless he shall have been pardoned and every such person shall also be subject to such punishment as may be prescribed by law Section V Paragraph I The General Assembly shall by law forbid the sale distribution or furnishing of intoxicating drinks within two miles of election precincts on days of electionState county or municipaland prescribe punishment for any violation of the same 147 SECTION Y J Paragraph I Returns of elections for all civil officer elected by the people who are to be commissioned by the Governor and also fop the members of the General Assembly shall be mad to the Secretary of State unless otherwise provided by law ARTICLE III LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT Section I Paragraph I The legislative power of the State shall be vested in a General Assembly which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives Section II Paragraph I The Senate shall consist of fortyfour members There shall be fortyfour Senatorial districts as now arranged by counties Each district shall have one Senator The First Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Chatham Bryan and Effingham The Second Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Liberty Tattnall and McIntosh The Third Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wayne Pierce and Appling The Fourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Glynn Camden and Charlton The Fifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Coffee Ware and Clinch The Sixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Echols Lowndes and Berrien The Seventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Brooks Thomas and Colquitt The Eighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Decatur Mitchell and Miller The Ninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Early Calhohn and Baker The Tenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dougherty Lee and Worth The Eleventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clay Randolph and Terrell The Twelfth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Stewart Webster and Quitman The Thirteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Sumter Schley and Macon The Fourteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Dooly Wilcox Pulaski and Dodge The Fifteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Montgomery Telfair and Irwin The Sixteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Laurens Emanuel and Johnson The Seventeenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the countje of Screven Bulloch and Burke 148 The Eighteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the countier of Richmond Glascock and Jefferson The Nineteenth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Taliaferro Green eand Warren The Twentieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Baldwin Hancock and Washington The Twentyfirst Senatorial District shall becomposed of the counties of Twiggs Wilkinson and Jones The Twentysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bibb Monroe and Pike The Twentythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Houston Crawford and Taylor The Twentyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Muscogee Marion and Chattahoochee The Twentyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Harris Upson and Talbot The Twentysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Spalding Butts and Payette The Twentyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Newton Walton Clarke Oconee and Rockdale The Twentyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Jasper Putnam and Morgan The Twentyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Wilkes Columbia Lincoln and McDuffie The Thirtieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Oglethrope Madison and Elbert The Thirtyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hart Habersham and Franklin The Thirtysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of White Dawson and Lumpkin The Thirtythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Hall Banks and Jackson The Thirtyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Gwinnett DeKalb and Henry The Thirtyfifth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Clayton Cobb and Pulton The Thirtysixth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Campbell Coweta Meriwether and Douglas The Thirtyseventh Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Carroll Heard and Trout The Thirtyeighth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Haralson Polk and Paulding The Thirtyninth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Milton Cherokee and Forsyth The Fortieth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Union Towns and Rabun The Fortyfirst Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Pickens Fannin and Gilmer The Fortysecond Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Bartow Floyd and Chattooga The Fortythird Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Murray Gordon and Whitfield The Fortyfourth Senatorial District shall be composed of the counties of Walker Dade and Catoosa Par III The General Assembly may change these districts after each census of the United States Provided that neither the number of districts nor the number of Senators from each district shall be increased 149 Section III Paragraph I The House of Representatives shall consist of one hundred and seventyfive Representatives apportioned among the several counties as follows to wit To the six counties having the largest population viz Chatham Richmond Burke Floyd Bibb and Fulton three Representatives each to the twentysix counties having the next largest population viz Dooly Bartow CowetaDecatur Houston Greene Gwinnett Harris Jefferson Meriwether Monroe Muscogee Pulaski DeKalb Hall Walton Sumter Thomas Troup Washington Hancock Carroll Cobb Jackson Oglethorpe and Wilkes two Representatives each and to the remaining one hundred and five counties one Representative each Par II The above apportiontment shall be changed by the General Assembly at its first session after each census taken by the United States Government so as to give the six counties having the largest population three Representatives each and to the twentysix counties having the next largest population two Representatives each but in no event shall the aggregate number of Representatives be increased Section IV Paragraph I The members of the General Assembly shall be elected for two years and shall serve until their successors are elected Par II The first election for members of the General Assembly under this Consitution shall take place on the first Wednesday in December 1877 the second election for the same shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and subsequent elections biennially on that day until the day of election is changed by law Par III The first meeting of the General Assembly after the ratification of this Constitution shall be on the fourth Wednesday in October 1878 and annually thereafter on the same day until the day shall be changed by law But nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the Governor from calling an extra session of the General Assembly before the first Wednesday in November 1878 if in his opinion the public good shall require it Par IV A majority of each House shall constitute a quorum to transact business but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day and compel the presence of its absent members as each House may provide r Par V Each Senator and Representative before taking his seat shall take the following oath or affirmation to wit I will support the Constitution of this State and of the United States and on all questions and measures which may come before me I will so conduct myself as will in my judgment be most conducive to the interests and prosperity of this State Par VI No session of the General Assembly shall continue longer than fifty days Provided that if an impeachment trial pending at the end of fifty days the session may be prolonged till the completion of said trial Par VII No person holding a military commissioner other appointment or office having any emolument or compensation annexed thereto under this State or the United States or either of them except Justices of the Peace and officers of the militia nor any defaulter for public money or for any legal taxes required of him shall have a seat in either House nor shall any Senator or Representative after his qualification as such be elected by the General Assembly or appointed by the Governor either with or without the advice and consent of the Senate to ISO any office or appointment having any molument annexed thereto during the time for which he shall have been elected jPar VII The seat of a member of either House shall be vacated on his removal from the district or county from which he was elected Section V Paragraph I The Senators shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyfive years and who shall have been citizens of this State for four years and for one year residents of the district from which elected Pr H The presiding officer of the Senate shall be styled the President of the Senate and shall be elected viva voce from the Senators Par III The Senate shall have the sole power to try impeachments Par IV When sitting for that purpose the members shall be on oath or affirmation and shall be presided over by the Chief Justice or the presiding Justice of the Supreme Court Should the Chief Justice be disqualified the Senate shall elect the Judge of the Supreme Court to preside No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of twothirds of the members present Par V Judgments in case of impeachment shall not extend further than removal from office and disqualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor trust or profit within this State but the party shall nevertheless be liable and subject to indictment trial judgment and punishment according to law Section YI Paragraph I The Representatives shall be citizens of the United States who have attained the age of twentyone years and who shall have been citizens of this State for two years and for one year residents of the counties from which elected Par II The presiding officer of the House of Representatives shall be styled the Speaker of the House of Representatives and shall be elected vita voce from the body Par III The House of Representatives shall have the sole power to impeach all persons who shall have been or may be in office Section YII Paragraph I Each House shall be the judge of the electicm returns and qualifications of its members and shall have power to punish them for disorderly behavior or misconduct by censure fine imprisonment or expulsion but no member shall be expelled except by a vote of twothirds of the House to which he belongs Par II Each House may punish by imprisonment not extending beyond the session any person not a member who shall be guilty of a contempt by any disorderly behavior in its presence or who shall rescue or attempt to rescue any person arrested by order of either House Par III The mebers of both Houses shall be free from arrest during their attendance on the General Assembly and in going thereto or returning therefrom except for treasonJelony larceny or breach of the peace and no member shall be liable to answer n any other place for anything spoken in debate in either house 151 Par ITv Each House shall keep a journal of its proceedings and publish it immediately after its adjournment Pah V The original journal shall be preserved after publication in the office of Secretary of State but there shall be no other record thereof Par VI The yeas and nays on any question shall at the desire of onenfth of the members present be entered on the journal Par VII Every bill before it shall pass shall be read three times and on three separate days in each House unless incase of actual invasion or insurrection But the first and second reading of each local bill And bank and railroad charters in each House shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed Par VIII No law or ordinance shall pass which refers to more than one subjectmatter or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof Par IX The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing except appropriations fixed by previous laws the ordinary expenses of the Executive Legislative ahd Judicial Departments of the Government payment of the public debt and interest thereon and the support of the public institutions and educational interests of the State All other appropriations shall be made by separate bills each embracing but one subject Par X All bills for raising revenue or appropriating money shall originate in the House of Representatives but the Senate may propose or concur in amendments as in other bills Par XI No money shall be drawn from the treasury except by appropriation iriade by law and a regular statement and account of the receipt and expenditure of all public money shall be published every three months and also with the laws passed by each session of the General Assembly Par XII No bill or resolution appropriating money shall become a law unless upon its passage the yeas and nays in each House are recorded Par XIII All Acts shall be signed by the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and no bill ordinance or resolution intended to have the effect of law which shall have been rejected by either House shall be again proposed during the same session under the same or any other title without the consent of twothirds of the House by which the same was rejected Par XIV No bill shall become a law unless it shall receive a majority of the votes of all the members elected to each House of the General Assembly and it shall in every instance so appear on the journal Par XV By an act approved September 24 1885 an amendment to the Constitution was submitted to vote of the people in October J886 and adopted whereby the original of this paragraph was stricken from this Constitution Par XVI No local or special bill shall be passed unless notice of the intention to apply therefor shall have been published in the locality where the matter or thing to be affected may be situated which notice shall be given at least thirty days prior to th introduction of such bill into the General Assembly and in the manner to be prescribed by law 152 The evidence of such notice having been published shall be exhibited in the General Assembly before such Act shall be passed Par XVII No law or section of the Code shall be amended or repealed by mere reference to its title or to the number of the section of the Code but the amending or repealing Act shall distinctly describe the law to be amended or repealed as well as the alteration to be made Par XVIII The General Assembly shall have no power to grant corporate powers and privileges to private companies nor to make or change election precincts nor to establish bridges or ferries nor to change names of legitimate children but it shall prescribe by law themanner in which such powers shall be exercised by the Courts Alt corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law Par XIX The General Assembly shall have no power to relieve principals or securities upon forfeited recognizances from the payment thereof either before or after judgment thereon unless the principal in the recognizance shall have been apprehended and placed in the custody of the proper officer Par XX The General Assembly shall not authorize the construction of any street passenger railway within the limits of any incorporated town or city without the consent of the corporate authorities Par XXI Whenever the Constitution requires a vote of two third of either or both Houses for the passage of an Act or resolution theyeas and nays on the passage thereof shall be entered on the journal Par XXII The General Assembly shall have power to make all laws and ordinances consistent with this Constitution and not repugnant to the Constitution of the United States which they shall deem necessary and proper for the welfare of the State Par XXIII No provision in this Constitution fora twothirds vote of both Houses of the General Assembly shall be construed to waive the necessity for the signature of the Governor as in any other case except in the case of the twothirds vote required to override the veto and in case of prolongation of a session of the General Assembly Par XXIV Neither House shall adjourn for more than three days or to any other place without the consent of the other and in case of a disagreement between the two Houses on a question of adjournment theGovernor may adjourn either or both of them Section VIII Paragraph I The officers of the two Houses other than the President and Speaker shall be a Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of theHouse of Representatives and such assistants as they may appoint but the clerical expenses of the Senate shall not exceed sixty dollars per day for each session nor those of he House of Representatives seventy dollars per day for each session The Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House of Representatives shall be required to give bond and security for the faithful discharge of their respective duties Section IX Paragraph I The per diem of members of the General Assembly shall not exceed four dollars and mileage shall not exceed ten cents for each mile traveled by the nearest practicable route in going to and 153 returning from the Capital but the President of the Senate and th Speaker of the House of Representatives shall each receive not exceed ing seven dollars per day Section X Paragraph I All elections by the General Assembly shall be vivt voce and the vote shall appear on the journal of the House of Representatives When the Senate and House of Representatives unite for the purpose of elections they shall meet in the Representative Hall and the President of the Senate shall in such cases preside and declare th result Section XI Paragraph I All property of the wife at the time of her marriage and all property given to inherited or acquired by her shall remain her separate property and not be liable for the debts of her husband Section XII Paragraph I All life insurance companies now doing business in thh State or which may desire to establish agencies and do business in th State of Georgia chartered by other States of the Union or foreign States shall show that they have deposited with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State in which they are chartered or of this State the Insurance Commissioners or such other officer as may be authorized to receive it not less than one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by such officer equivalent to cash subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of policyholders Par II When such showing is made to the ComptrollerGeneral of the State ot Georgia by a proper certificate from the State official having charge of the funds so deposited the ComptrollerGeneral of th State of Georgia is authorized to issue to the company making such showing a license to do business in the State upon paying the fees required by law Par III All life insurance companies chartered by the State ot Georgia or which may hereafter be chartered by the State shall before doing business deposit with the ComptrollerGeneral of the State ol Georgia or with some strong corporation which may be approved by said ComptrollerGeneral one hundred thousand dollars in such securities as may be deemed by him equivalent to cash to be subject to his order as a guarantee fund for the security of the policyholders of th company making such deposit all interests and dividends arising from such securities to be paid when due to th company so depositing Amsuch securities as may be needed or desired by tbe company may b taken from said department at any time by replacing them with other securities equally acceptable to the ComptrollerGeneral whose certificate for the same shall be furnished to the company Par IV The General Assembly shall from time to time enact law to compel all fire insurance companies doing business in this State whether chartered by this State or otherwise to deposit reasonable securities with the Treasurer of this State to secure the people againsfc loss by the operations of said companies 154 Pat V The General Assembly shall compel all insurance oomph nies in this State Or doing business therein under proper penalties to make semiannual reports to the Governor and print th same at their own expense for the information and protection of the people ARTICLE IV POWER OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OVER TAXATION Section I Paragraph I The right of taxation is a sovereign right inalieniable indestructible is the life of the State and rightfully belongs to the people in all Republican governments and neither the General Assembly nor any nor all other departments ofthe Govornment established by this Constitution shall ever have the authority to irrevocably give grant limit or restrain this right and all laws grants contracts and all other acts whatsoever by said Government or any department thereof to effect any of these purposes shall be and are hereby declared to be null and void for every purpose whatsoever and said right of taxation shall always be under the complete control of and revocable by the State notwithstanding any gift grant or contract whatsoever by the General Assembly Section II Paragraph I The power and authority of regulating railroad freights and passenger tariffs preventing unjust discriminations and requiring reasonable and just rates of freight and passenger tariffs are hereby conferred upon the General Assembly whose duty it shall be topass laws from time to time to regulate freight and passenger tariffs to prohibit unjust discriminations on the various railroads of this State and to prohibit said roads from charging other than just and reasonable rates and enforce the same by adequate penalties Par II The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall never be abridged nor so construed as to prevent the General Assembly from taking the property and franchises of incorporated companies and subjecting them to public use the same as property of individuals and the exercise of the police power of the State shall never be abridged nor so construed as to permit corporations to conduct their business in such a manner as to infringe the equal rights of individuals or the general wellbeing of the State Par III The General Assembly shall not remit the forfeiture of the charter of any corporation now existing nor alter or amend the same nor pass any other general or special law for the benefit of said corporation except upon the condition that said corporation shall thereafter hold its charter subject to the provisions of this Constitution and every amendment of any charter of any corporation in this State or any special law for its benefit accepted thereby shall operate as a novation of f aid charter and shall bring the same under the provisions of this Con stitution Provided That this section Shall not extend to any amendment for the purpose of allowing any existing road to take Stock in or id in the building of any branch road Par IV The General Assembly of this State shall hve ho power to m authorize aiiy corporation to buy shared or stock ih any other corporation in this State or elsewhere or to make any contract or agreement whatever with any such corporation which may hve the effect or be intended to have the effect to defeat or lessen competition in their respective business or to encourag monopoly and all such Contracts and agreements shall be illegal and void Par V No railroad company shall give or pay any rebate or bonus in the nature thereof directly or indirectly or to do any act to mislead or deceive the public as to the real rates charged or received for freights or passage and any such payments shall be illegal and void and these prohibitions shall be enforced by suitable penalties Par VI No provision of this article shall be deemed held or taken to impair the obligation of any contract heretofore made by the State of Georgia Par VII The General Assembly shall enforce the provisions of this article by appropriate legislation ARTICLE V EXECUTIVE pEPARTMENT Section I Paragraph I The officers of the Executive Department shall consist of a Governor Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer Par II The Executive power shall be vested in a Governor who shall hold his offices during the term of two years and until his successor shall be chosen and qualified He shall not be eligible to reelection after the expiration of a second term for the period of four years He shall have a salary of three thousand dollars per annum until otherwise provided by a law passed by a twothirds vote of both branches of the General Assembly which shall not be increased or diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected nor shall he receive within that time any other emolument from the United States or either of them or from any foreign power But this reduction of salary shall not apply to the present term of the present Governor Par III The first election for Governor under this Constitution shall be held on the first Wednesday in October 1880 and the Governorelect shall be installed in office at the next session of the General Assembly An election shall take place biennally thereafter on said day until another date be fixed by the General Assembly Said election shall be held at the places of holding general elections in the several counties of thisState in the manner prescribed for the election of members of the General Assembly and the electors shall be the same Par IV The returns for every election of Governor shall be sealed up by the managers separately from other returns and directed to the President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representatives and transmitted to the Secretary of State who Shall without opening said returns cause the same to be laid before the Senate on the day after the two houses shall have been organized and they shall be transmitted by the Senate to the House of Representatives Par V The members of each branch of the General Assembly shall convene in the Representative Hall and Ihf President of the Senate 156 and Speaker of the House of Representatives shall open and publish the returns in the presence and under the direction of the General Assembly and the person having the majority of the whole number of vote shall be declared duly elected Governor of this State but if no person shall have such majority then from the two persons having the highest number of votes who shall be in life and shall not decline an election at the time appointed by the General Assembly to elect the General Assembly shall immediately elect a Governor viva voce and in all cases of election of a Governor by the General Assembly a majority of the members present shall be necessary to a choice Par Vl Contested elections shall be determined by both Houses of the General Assembly in such manner as shall be prescribed by law Par VII No person shall be eligible to the office of Governor who shall not have been a citizen of the United States fifteen years and a citizen of the State six years and who shall hot have attained the age of thirty years Par VIII In case of the death resignation or disability of the Governor the President of the Senate shall exercise the Executive powers of the government until such disability be removed or a successor is elected and qualified And in case of the death resignation or disability of the President of the Senate the Speaker of the House of Representatives shall exercise the Executive powers of the government until the removal of the disability or the election and qualification of a Governor Par IX The General Assembly shall have power to provide by law for filling unexpired terms by special elections Par X The Governor shall before he enters on the duties of hisoffice take the following oath or affirmation I do solemnly swear or affirm as the case may be that I will faithfully execute the officeof Governor of the State of Georgia and will to the best of my ability preserve protect and defend the Constitution thereof and the Constitution of the United States of America Par XI The Governor shall be CommanderinChief of the army and navy of this State and of the militia thereof Par XII He shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons tocommute penalties remove disabilities imposed by law and to remit any part of a sentence for offences against the State after conviction except in cases of treason and impeachment subject to such regulations as may be provided by law relative to the manner of applying for pardons Upon conviction for treason he may suspend the execution of the sentence and report the case to the General Assembly at the next meeting thereof when the General Assembly shall either pardon commute the sentence direct its execution or grant a further reprieve He shall at each session of the General Assembly communicate to that body each case of reprieve pardon or commutation granted stating the name of the convict the offence for which he was convicted the sentence and its date the date of the reprieve pardon or commutation and the reasons for granting the same He shall take care that the laws are faithfully executed and shall be a conservator of the peace throughout the State Par XIII He shalkissue writs of election to fill all vacancies that may happen in the Senate or House of Representatives and shall give the General Assembly from time to time information of the state of the commonwealth and recommend to their consideration such measures as he may deem necessary or expedient He shall have power to convoke the General Assembly on extraordinary occasions but no law shall be 157 enacted at cal sessions of tne General Assembly except such as shal relate tb the object stated in his proclamation convening them Par XI V When any office shall become vacant by death resignation or otherwise the Governor shall have power to fill such vacancy unless otherwise provided bylaw and persons so appointed shall continue in office until a successor is commissioned agreeably to the mode pointed out in the Constitution or by law in pursuance thereof Par XV A person once rejected by the Senate shall not be reftppointed by the Governor to the same office during the same session or the recess thereafter Par XVI The Governor shall have the revision of all bills passed by the General Assembly before the same shall become laws but twothirds of each House may pass a law notwithstanding his dissent and if any bill shall not be returned by the Governor within five days Sundays excepted after it has been presented to him the same shall be a law unless the General Assembly by their adjournment shall prevent its return He may approve any appropriation and disapprove any other appropriation in the same bill and the latter shall not be effectual unless passed by twothirds of each House Par XVII Every vote resolution or order to which the concurrence of both Houses may be necessary except on a question of election or adjournment shall be presented to the Governor and before it shall fake effect be approved by him or being disapproved shall be repassed by twothirds of each House Par XVIII He may require information in writing from the officers in the Executive Department on any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices It shall be the duty of the Governor quarterly and oftener if he deems it expedient to examine under oath the Treasurer and ComptrollerGeneral of the State on all matters pertaining to their respective offices and to inspect and review their books and accounts The General Assembly shall have authority to provide by law for the suspension of either of said officers from the discharge of the duties of his office and also for the appointment of a suitable person to discharge the duties of the same Par XIX The Governor shall have power to appoint his own Secretaries not exceeding two in number and to provide such other clerical force as may be required in his office but the total cost for Secretaries iand clerical force in his office shall not exceed six thousand dollars per annum Section II Paragraph I The Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shallbe elected by the persons qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor The provision of the Constitution as to the transmission of the returns of election counting the votes declaring the result deciding when there is no election and when there is a contested election applicable to the election of Governor shall apply to the election of Secretary of State ComptrollerrGeneral and Treasurer they shall be commissioned by the Governor and hold their office for the same time as the Governor Par II The salary of the Treasurer shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses of his department shall Jiot exceed sixteen hundred dollars per annum Par III The salary of the Secretary of State shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annual and the clerical expenses of hip department shall not exceed one thousand dollars per annum Par IV The salary of the ComptrollerGeneral shall not exceed two thousand dollars per annum The clerical expenses oi his department including the Insurance Department and Wild Land Clerk shall not exceed four thousand dollars per annum and without said clerk it shall not exceed three thousand dollars per annum Par V The Treasurer shall not be allowed directly or indirectly to receive any fee interest or reward from any person bank or corporation for the deposit or use in any manner of the public funds and the General Assembly shall enforce this provision by suitable penalties Par VI No person shall be eligible to the office of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral or Treasurer unless he shall have been a citizen of the United States for ten years and shall have resided in this State for six years next preceding his election and shall be twentyfive years of age when elected All of said officers shall give bond and security under regulations to be prescribed by law for the faithful discharge of their duties Par VII The Secretary of State the ComptrollerGeneral and the Treasurer shall not be allowed any fees perquisite or compensation other than their salaries as prescribed by law except their necessary expenses when absent from the seat of government on business for the State Section III Paragraph I The Great Seal of the State shall be deposited in the office of the Secretary of State and shall not be affixed to any instrument of writing except by order of the Governor or General Assembly and that now in use shall bethe Great Seal of the State until otherwise provided by law ARTICLE YI JUDICIARY Section I Paragraph I The judicial powers of this State shall be vested in a Supreme Court Superior Courts Courts of Ordinary Justice 159 of the Peace commissioned Notaries Public and other Courts a have been or way be established by law Section II Paragraph I The Supreme Court shall consist of a Chief Justice and two Associate Justices majority of the Court shallconstitute a quorum Par II When one or more of the Judges are disqualified from diciding any case by interest or otherwise the Governor shall designate a Judge or Judges of the Superior Courts to preside in said case Par III No Judge of any Court shall preside in any case where the validity of any bondFederal State corporation or municipalis involved who holds in his own right or as the representative of others any material interests in the class of bonds upon which the question to be decided arises Par IV The Chief Justice and Associate Justices shall hold their office for six years and until their successors are qualified A successor to the incumberent whose term will soonest expire shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1880 a successor to the incumbent whose term of office is next in duration shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1882 and a successor to the third incumbent shall be elected by the General Assembly in 1884 but appointments to fill vacancies shall only be for th unexpired term or until such vacancies are filled by elections agreeably to the mode pointed out by this Constitution Par V o The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a Court alone for the trial and correction of errors from the Superior Courts and from the City Courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such other like Courts as may be hereafter established in other cities andshall sit at the seat of government at such time in each year as shall be prescribed by law for the trial and determination of writs of error from said Superior and City Courts Par VI The Supreme Court shall dispose of every case at the first or second term after such Writ of error is brought and in case the plaintiff in error shall not be prepared at the first term to prosecute the caseunless prevented by Providential causeit shall be stricken from the docket and the judgment below shall stand affirmed Par VII In any case the Court may in its discretion withold its judgment until the next term after the same is argued Par VIIIThe Supreme Court shall hereafter consist of a chief justice and five associate justices The court shall have power to hear and determine cases when sitting either in a body or in two divisions of three judges pack under such regulations as may be prescribed by the General Assembly M majority of either division shall constitute a quorum for that division The chief justice and the associate justices of the Supreme Court shall hereafter be elected by the people at the same time and in the same manner as the Governor and the State house officers are elected except that the first election under this amendment shall be held on the third Wed 160 mesday in December 1896 at which time one associate justice shall be elected for a full term of six years to fill the vacancy occurring on January 1 st 1897 by the expiration of the term of one of the present incumbents and three additional associate justices shall be elected for terms expiring respectivelyJanuary 1 st 1899 January ls 1901 and January 1 st 1903 The persons elected as additional associate justices shall among themselves determine by lot which of the three last mentioned terms each shall have and they shall be commissioned accordingly After said first election all terms except unexpired terms shall be for six years each In case of any vacancy which causes an unexpired term the same shall be filled by executive appointment and the person appointed by the Governor shall hold his office until the next regular election and until his successor for the balance of the unexpired term shall have been elected and qualified The returns of said special election shall be made to the Secretary of State Act approved December 16 1895 Section III Paragraph I There shall be a judge of the Superior Court for each Judicial Circuit whose term of office shall be four years and Until his successor is qualified He may act in other circuits when authorized by law Par II The successors to the present incumbents shall be elected by the General Assembly as follows To the half as near as may be whose commissions are the oldest in the year 1878 and to the others in the year 1880 All subsequent elections shall be at the session of the General Assembly next preceding the expiration of the terms of incumbents except elections to fill vacancies The day of election may be fixed by the General Assembly Par III The terms of the Judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their elections But if the time for the meeting of the General Assembly shall be changed the General Assembly may change the time when the terms of Judges thereafter elected shall begin Section IV Paragraph I The Superior Courts shall have exclusive jurisdiction in cases of divorce in criminal cases where the offender is subjected to loss of life or confinement in the penitentiary in cases respecting titles to land and equity cases Par II The General Assembly may confer upon the Courts of common law all the powers heretofore exercised by Courts of Equity in this State Par III Said Courts shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases except as hereinafter provided 161 Par IV They shail have appellate jurisdiction in all such cases as may be provided by law Par V They shall have power to correct errors in inferior judicatories by writ of certiorari which shall only issue on the sanction of the Judge And said Courts and the Judges thereof shall have power to issue writs of mandamus prohibition scire facias and all other writs that may be necessary for carrying their powers fully into effect and shall have such other powers as are or maybe conferred on them by law Par VI The General Assembly may provide for an appeal from one jury in the Superior Courts and City to another and the said Court may grant new trials on legal grounds Par VII The Court shall render judgment without the verdict of a jury in all civil cases founded on unconditional contracts in writing where an issuabledefense is not filed under oath or affirmation Par VIII The Superior Courts shall sit in each county not less than twice in each year at such times as have been or may be appointed by law Par IX The General Assembly may provide by law for the appointment of some proper person to preside incases where the presiding Judge is from any cause disqualified Section V Paragraph I In any county within which there is or hereafter may be a City Court the Judge of said Court and of the Superior Court may preside in the Courts of each other in cases where the Judge of either Court is disqualified to preside Section VI Paragraph I The powers of a Court of Ordinary and of Probate shall be vested in an Ordinary for each county from whose decision there may be an appeal or by consent of parties without a decision to the Superior Court under regulations prescribed by law Par II The Courts of Ordinary shall have such powers in relation to roads bridges ferries public buildings paupers county officers county funds county taxes and other county matters as may be conferred on them by law Par III The Ordinary shall hold his office for the term of four years and until his successor is elected and qualified Section VII Paragraph I There shall be in each militia district one Justice of the Peace whose official term except when elected to fill an unexpired term shall be four years Par II Justices of the Peace shall have jurisdiction in all civil cases arising ex contractu and in cases of injury or damage to personal property when the principal sum does not exceed one hundred dollars and hall sit monthly at fixed times and places but in all cases there may be an appeal to a jury in said Court or an appeal to the Superior Court under such regulations as may be prescribed by law Par III Justices of the Peace shall be elected by the legal voters in their respective districts and shall be commissioned by the Governor They shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office illm 162 Section VIII Paragraph Commissioned Notaries Public not to exceed one for each militia district may be appointed by the Judges of the Superior Courts in their respective circuits upon recommendation of the grand juries of the several counties They shall be commissioned by the Governor for the term of four years and shall be ex officio Justices of the Peace and shall be removable on conviction for malpractice in office Section IX Paragraph I The jurisdiction powers proceedings and practice of all Courts or officers invested with judicial powers except City Courts of the same grade or class so far as regulated by law and the force and effect of the process judgment and decree by such Courts severally shall be uniform This uniformity must be established by the General Assembly Section X Paragraph I There shall be an AttorneyGeneral of the State who shall be elected by the people at the same time for the same term and in the same manner as the Governor Par II It shall he the duty of the SolicitorGeneral to represent the legal adviser of the Executive Department to represent the State in the Supreme Court in all capital felonies and in all civil and criminal cases in any Court when required by the Governor and to perform such otherservices as shall be required of him by law Section XI Paragraph I There shall be a SolicitorGeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except when commissioned to fill an unexpired term shall be four years Par II It shall be the duty of the SolicitorGeneral to represent the State in all cases in the Superior Courts of his circuit and in all cases taken up from his circuit to the Supreme Court and to perform such other services as shall be required of him by law Section XII Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral shall be elected by the General Assembly in joint session on such day or days as shall be fixed by joint resolution of both Houses At the session of the General Assembly which is held next before the expiration of the terms of the present incumbents as provided in this Constitution their successors shall be chosen and the same shall apply to the election of those who shall succeed them Vacancies occasioned by death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the General Assembly shall convene when an election shall be held to fill the unexpired portion of the vacant terms Section XIII Paragraph I The Judges of the Supreme Court shall have out pf the Treasury of the State salaries not to exceed three thousand dollars per annum the Judges of theSuperior Courts shall have alaries not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum the Attor 163 neyGeneral shall have a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars per annum and the SolicitorsGeneral shall each have salaries not to exceed two hundred and fifty dollars per annum but the AttorneyGeneral shall not have any fee or perquisite in any cases arising after the adoption of this Constitution but the provisions of this section shall not affect the salaries of those now in office Par II The General Assembly may at any time by a twothirds vote of each branch prescribe other and different salaries for any or all of the above officers but no such change shall affect the officers then m commission Section XIV Paragraph I No person shall be Judge of the Supreme or Superior Courts or AttorneyGeneral unless at the time of his election he shall have attained the age of thirty years and shall have been a citizen of the State three years and have practiced law for seven years and no person shall be hereafter elected Solicitor General unless at the time of his election he shall have attained twentyfive years of age shall have been a citizen of the State for three years and shall have practiced law for three years next preceding his 016CtlOIl Section XV Paragraph I No total divorce shall be granted except on the concurrent verdicts of two juries at different terms of the Court ben a divorce is granted the jury rendering the final verdict shall determine the rights and disabilities of the parties Section XVI PtWaKrflph I Divorce Cases shall be brought in the county where the defendant resides if a resident of this State if the defendant be not a resident of this State then in the countv in which the plaintiff resides Par II Cases respecting titles to land shall be tried in the county where the land lies except where a single tract is divided by a county line in which case the Superior Court of either county shall have jurisdiction Par III Equity cases shall be tried in the county where a defendant resides against whom substantial relief is prayed Par IV Suits against joint obligors joint promissors copartners or joint trespassers residing in different counties may be tried m either county Par V Suits against the maker and indorser of promissory notes or drawer acceptor and endorser of foreign or inland bills of exchange or like instruments residing in different counties shall bs brought in the county where the maker or acceptor resides 0 other civil cases shall be tried in the county where the defendant resides and all criminal cases shall be tried in the county where the crime was committed except cases in the Superior Courts where the Judge is satisfied that an impartial jury oannot be obtained in such county Section XVII Paragraph I The power to change the venue in civirand criminal cases shall be vested in the Superior Courts to be exercised iri such manner as has been or shall be provided by law 164 Section XVIII Paragraph I The right of trial by Jury except where it is otherwise provided in this Constitution shall remain inviolate but the General Assembly may prescribe any number not less than five to constitute a trial or traverse Jury in Courts other than the Superior and City Courts Par II The General Assembly shall provide by law for the selection of the most experienced intelligent and upright men to serve as grand jurors and intelligent and upright men to serve as traverse jurors Nevertheless the grand jurors shall be competent to serve as traverse jurors Par III It shall be the duty of the General Assembly by general laws to prescribe the manner of fixing compensation of jurors in all counties in this State Section XIX Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have power to provide for the creation of County Commissioners in such counties as may require them and to define their duties Section XX Paragraph I All Courts not specially mentioned by name in the first section of this article may be abolished in any county at the discretion of the General Assembly Section XXI Paragraph I The costs in the Supreme Court shall not exceed ten dollars unless otherwise provided by law Plaintiffs in error shall not be required to pay costs in said Court when the usual rr rth is filled in the Court below ARTICLE VII FINANCE TAXATION AND PUBLIC DEBT Section I Paragraph I The powers of taxation over the whole State shall be exercised by the General Assembly for the following purposes For the support of the State Government and the public institutions For educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only To pay the interest on the public debt To pay the principal of the public debt 5 To suppress insurrection to repel invasion and defend tne State in time of war To supply the soldiers who lost a limb or limbs in the military service of the Confederate States with substantial artificial limbs during life and make suitable provisions for such Confederate soldiers as may have been otherwise disabled or permanently injured in such service or who may by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from wounds received therein or disease contracted in the service or who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves provided that the Act shall only apply to such widows as were married at the time of such service and have remained unmarried since the death of such soldier husband 165 Section II Paragraph I All taxation shall be uniform upon the same class of subjects and ad valorem on all property subject to be taxed within the territorial limits of the authority levying the tax and shall be levied and collected under general laws The General Assembly may however impose a tax on such domestic animals as from their nature and habits are destructive of other property Par II The General Assembly may by law exempt from taxation all public property places of religious worship or burial all institutions of purely public charity all buildings erected for and used as a college incorporated academy or other seminary of learning the real and personal estate of any public library and that of any other literary association used by or connected with such library all books and philosophical apparatus and all paintings and statuary of any company or association kept in a public hall and not held as merchandise or for purpose of sale or gain Provided the property so exempted be not used for purposes of private or corporate profit or income Par III No poll tax shall be levied except for educational purposes and such tax shall not exceed one dollar annually upon each poll Par 1Y All laws exempting property from taxation other than the property herein enumerated shall be void Par V The power to tax corporations and corporate property shall not be surrendered or suspended by any contract or grant to which the State shall be a party Section III Paragraph I No debt shall be contracted by or on behalf of the State except to supply casual deficiencies of revenue to repel invasion suppress insurrection and defend the State in time of war or to pay she existing public debt but the debt created to supply deficiencies in revenue shall not exceed in the aggregate two hundred thousand dollars Section IY Paragraph I All laws authorizing the borrowing of money by or on behalf of the State shall specify the purposes for which the money is to be used and the money so obtained shall be used for the purposes specified and for no other Section Y Paragraph I The credit of the State shall not be pledged or loaned to any individual company corporation or association and the State shall not become a joint owner or stockholder in any company association or corporation Section YI Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not authorize any county municipal corporation or politicar division of this state to become a stockholder in any company corporation or association or to appropriate money for or to loan its credit to any corporation company association institution or individual except for purely charitable purposes This restriction shall not operate to prevent the support of schools by municipal corporations within their respective limits provide that if 166 any municipal corporation shall offer to the State any property for locating or building a capitol and the State accepts such offer the corporation may comply with such offer Par II The General Assembly shall not have power to delegate to any county the right to levy a tax for any purpose except for educational purposes in instructing children in the elementary branches of an English education only to build and repair the public buildings and bridges to maintain and support prisoners to pay jurors and coroners and for litigation quarantine roads and expenses of Courts to support paupers and pay debts heretofore existing Paragraph I The debt hereafter incurred by any county municipal corporation or political division of this State except as in this Constitution provided for shall never exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of all the taxable property therein and no such county municipality or division shall incur any new debt except for a temporary loan or loans to supply casual deficiencies of revenue not to exceed onefifth of one per centum of the assessed value of taxable property therein without the assent of twothirds of the qualified voters thereof at an election for that purpose to be held as may be prescribed by law but any city the debt of which does not exceed seven per centum of the assessed value of the taxable property at the time of the adoption of this Constitution may be authorized by law to increase at any time the amount of said debt three per centum upon such assessed valuation Par II Any county municipal corporation or political division of this State which shall incur any bonded indebtedness under the provisions of this Constitution shall at or before th time of so doing provide for the assessment and collection of an annual tax sufficient in amount to pay the principal and interest of said debt within thirty years from the date of the incurring of said indebtedness Paragraph I The State shall not assume the debt nor any part thereof of any county municipal corporation or political division of the State unless such debt shall be contracted to enable the State to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend itself in time of war Paragraph Ir The receiving directly or indirectly by any officer of the State or county or member or officer of the General Assembly of any interests profits or perquisites arising from the use or loan of public funds in his hands or moneys to be raised through his agency for State or county purposes shall be deemed a felony and punishable as may be prescribed by law a part of which punishment shall be a disqualification from holding ofce Paragraph I Municipal corporations shall not incur any debt until provision therefor shall have been made by the municipal government Section VII Section VIII Section IX Section X 167 Section XI Paragraph I The General Assembly shall have no authority to appropriate money either directly or indirectly to pay the whole or any part of the principal or interest of the bonds or other obligations which have been pronounced illegal null and void by the General Assembly and the constitutional amendments ratified by a vote of the people on the first day of Mayi 1877 nor shall the General Assembly nave authority to pay any of the obligations created by the State under laws passed during the late war between the States nor any of the bonds notes or obligations made and entered into during the existence of said war the time for the payment of which was fixed after the ratification of a treaty of peace between the United States and the Confederate States nor shall the General Assembly pass any law or the Governor or other State official enter into any contract or agreement whereby the State shall be made a party to any suit in any Court of this State or of the United States instituted to test the validity of any such bonds or obligations Section XII Paragraph I The bonded debt of the State shall never be increased except to repel invasion suppress insurrection or defend the State in time of war Section XIII Paragraph I The proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Macon and Brunswick or other railroads held by the State and any other property owned by the State whenever the General Assembly may authorize the sale of the whole or any part thereof shall be applied to the payment of the bonded debt of the State and shall not be used for any other purpose whatever so long as the State has any existing bonded debt Provided that the proceeds of the sale of the Western and Atlantic Railroad shall be applied to the payment of the bonds for which said railroad has been mortgaged in preference to all other bonds Section XIV Paragraph I The General Assembly shall raise by taxation each year in addition to the sum required to pay the public expenses and interest on the public debt the sum of one hundred thousand dollrs which shall be held as a sinking fund to pay off and retire the bonds of the State which have not yet matured and shall be applied to no other purpose whatever If the bonds cannot at iny time be purchased at or below par then the sinking fund herein provided for may be loaned by the Governor and Treasurer of the State Provided the security which shall be demanded for said loan shall consist only of the valid bonds of the State but this section shall not take effect until the eight per cent currency bonds issued under the Act of February the 19th 1873 shall have been paid Section XV vj Paragraph I The ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer shall each make to the Governor a quarterly report of the financial condition of the State which report shall include a statement of the assets liabilities and income of the State and expenditures therefor for three 16 months preceding and it shall be the duty of the Governor to carefully examine the same by himself or through competent persons connected with his department and cause an abstract thereof to he published for the information of the people which abstract shall be indorsed by him as having been examined Section XYI Paragraph I The General Assembly shall not by vote resolution or order grant any donation or gratuity in favor of any person corporation or association Par II The General Assembly shall not grant or authorize extra compensation to any public officer agent or contractor after the service has been rendered or the contract entered into Section XYII Paragraph I The office of the State Printer shall cease with theexpiration of the term of the present incumbent and the General Assembly shall provide by law for letting the public printing tothe lowest responsible bidder or bidders who shall give adequate and satisfactory security for the faithful performance thereof No member of the General Assembly or other public officer shall be interested either directly or indirectly in any such contract AETICLE YIH EDUCATION Section I Paragraph I There shall be a thorough system of common schools for the education of children in the elementary branches of an English education only as nearly uniform as practicable the expense of which shall be provided for by taxation or otherwise The schools shall be free to all children of the State but separate schools shall be provided for the white and colored races Section II Paragraph I There shall be a State School Commissioner elected bythe people at the same time and manner as the Governor and State house officers areelected whose term of office shall be two years and until hie successor is elected and qualified His office shall be at the seat of the government and he shall be paid a salary not to exceed two thousand dollars 2000 per annum The General Assembly may substitute for the State School Commissioner such officer or officers as may be deemed necessary to perfect the system of public education Section III Paragraph I The poll tax any educational fund now belonging to the State except the endowment of and debts due to the University of Georgia a special tax on shows and exhibitions and of the sale of spirituous and malt liquors which the General Assembly is hereby authorized to assess and the proceeds of any commutation tax formilitary service and all taxes that maybe assessed on such domesticanimals as from their nature and habits are destructive to other property are hereby set apart and devoted for the suppjrt of co nmon schools 169 Section IV Paragraph I Authority may be granted to counties upon th recommendation of two grand juries and to municipal corporations upon the recommendation of the corporate authority to establish and maintain public schools in their respective limits by local taxation but no such local laws shall take effect until the same shall have been submitted to a vote of the qualified voters in each county or municipal corporation and approved by a tY thirds vote of persons qualified to vote at such election and the General Assembly may prescribe who shall vote on such question Section V Paragraph I Existing local school systems shall not be affected by this Constitution Nothing contained in section first of this article shall be construed to deprive schools m this State not common schools from participation Ih the edutiunal fund of theState as to all pupils therein taught in the elementary branches of an English education Section VI Paragraph I The Trustees of the University of Georgia may accept bequests donations and grants of land or other property for the use of said University In addition tothe payment of the SKSS merest on tie debt due by the State to the University the General Assembly may from time to time make such donatmns thereto as the condition of the treasury will authorize And the General Assembly may also from time to time make such approDelations of moneysthe condition of the treasury will nuthouse to any college or university not exceeding one m number now established or hereafter to be established in this State for t education of persons of color ARTICLE IX HOMESTEAD AND EXEMPTION Section I Paragraph L There shall be exempt from levy and sale by virtue of any process whatever under the lawsof this State exient L hereinafter excepted of the property of every head of a fa mil v or guardian or trustee of a family of minor children or everv aged or infirm person or persons having the care and supnort of dependent females of any age who is not the head of a family Syor personalty or both to the value in the aggregate of sixteen hundred dollars Section II Paragraph I No Court or ministerial oflicer in this State shall havejurisdiction or authority to enforce any judgment execuioi or dec against the property set apart for such purpose 170 including such improvements as may be made thereon from time to cePfc for taxes for the purchase money of the same for labor thereon for material furnished therefor or for the removal of incumbrances thereon Section III Paragraph I The debtor shall have power to waive or renounce i writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided for in this article except as to wearing apparel and not exceeding three hundred dollars worth of household and kitchen furniture and provisions to be selected by himself and wife if any and he shall not alter it is set apart alienate or encumber the property so ex5ut t my be sold by the debtor and his wife if any jointly with the sanction of the Judge of the Superior Court of the county w here the debtor resides or the land is situated the proceeds to be reinvested upon the same uses Section IV Paragraph I The General Assembly shall provide by law as arly as practicable for the setting apart and valuation of said prop erty i nothlng in this article shall be construed to affect or repeal the existing laws for exemption of property from sale constained m the present Code of this State in paragraphs 2040 to 2049 inclusive and the Act amendatory thereto It may be optional with the applicant to take either but not both of such exemptions Section V Paragraph I The debtor shall have authority to waive or renounce in writing his right to the benefit of the exemption provided Article SeCtl0n our excePt as is excepted in section three of this Section VI Paragraph I The applicant shall at any time have the right to supplement his exemption by adding to an amount already set apart which is less than the whole amount of exemption herein allowed a sufficiency to make his exemption equal to the whole amount Section VII Paragraph I Homestead and exemptions of personal property which have been heretofore set apart by virtue of the provisions of the existing Constitution of this State and in accordance with the laws for the enforcement thereof or which may hereafter so set apart at any time shaU be and remain valid as against all debts and liabilities existing at the time of the adoption of this Constitution to the same extent that they would have been had said existing Constitution not been revisid Section VIII Paragraph I Rights which have become vested under previously existing laws shall not be affected by anything herein contained In all Si oco11 homesteads have been set apart under the Constitution of 1868 and the laws made m pursuance thereof and a bona fide sale of such property has been subsequently made and the full purchase price 171 thereof paid all right of exemption in such property by reason of its having been so set apart shall cease in so far as it affects the nght or the purchaser In all such cases where a part only of the purchase price has been paid such transactions shall be governed by the laws now of force in this State in so far as they affect the rights of the purchaser as though said property had not been set apart Section IX Paragraph I Parties who have taken a homestead of realty under tbe Constitution of eighteen hundred and sixtyeight shall have the right to sell said homestead and reinvest the same by order of the Judge of the Superior Courts of this State ARTICLE X MILITIA Section I Paragraph I A well regulated militia being essential to the peace and security of the State the General Assembly shall have authority to provide by lawhow the militia of this State shall be organized officered trained armed and equipped and of whom it shall consist Par II The General Assembly shall have power to authorize the formation of volunteer companies and to provide for their organization into battalions regiments brigades divisions and corps with such restrictions as may be prescribed by law and shall have authority to arm and equip the same Par III The officers and men of the militia and volunteer forces shall not be entitled to receive any pay rations or emoluments when not in active service by authority of the State ARTICLE XI COUNTIES AND COUNTY OFFICERS Section I Paragraph I Each county shall be a body corporate with such powers and limitations as may be prescribed by law All suits by or against a county shall be in the name thereof and the metes and bounds of the several counties shall remain as now prescribed by law unless changed as hereinafter provided Par II No new county shall be created Par III County lines shall not be changed unless under the operation of a general law for that purpose Par IY No county site shall be changed or removed except by a twothirds vote of the qualified voters of the county voting at an election held for that purpose and a twothirds vote of the General Assembly Par Y Any county may be dissolved and merged with contiguous counties by a twothirds vote of the qualified electors of such county voting at an election held for that purpose 172 Section II Paragraph I The county officers shall be elected by the qualified voters of their respective counties or districts and shall hold their offices for two years They shall be removed on conviction for malpractice in office and no person shall be eligible to any of the offices referred to in this paragraph unless he shall have been a resident of the county for two years and is a qualified voter Section III Paragraph I Whatever tribunal or officers may hereafter be created by the General Assembly for the transaction of county matters shall be uniform throughout the State and of the same name jurisdiction and remedies except that the General Assembly may provide for the appointment of commissioners of roads and revenue in any county ARTICLE XII THE LAWS Or GENERAL OPERATION IN FORCE IN THIS STATE Section I Paragraph I The laws of general operation in this State are first as the supreme law The Constitution of the United States the laws of the United States in pursuance thereof and all treaties made under the authority of the United States Par II Second As next in authority thereto this Constitution Par III Third In subordination to the foregoing All lawa now of force in this State not inconsistent with this Constitution and the ordinances of this Convention shall remain of force until the same are modified or repealed by the General Assembly The tax acts and appropriation acts passed by the General Assembly of 1877 and approved by the Governor of the State and not inconsistent with the Constitution are hereby continued in force until altered by law Par IV Local and private acts passed for the benefit of counties cities towns corporations and private persons not inconsistent with the supreme law nor with this Constitution and which have not expired nor been repealed shall have the force of statute law subject to judicial decision as to their validity when passed and to any limitations imposed by their own terms Par V All rights privileges and immunities which may have vested in or accrued to any person or persons or corporations in his her or their own right or in any fiduciary capacity under and in virtue of any act of the General Assembly or any judgment decree or order or other proceeding of any court of competent jurisdiction in this State heretofore rendered shall be held inviolate by all courts before which they may be brought in question unless attacked for fraud Par VI All judgments decrees orders and other proceedings of the several courts of this State heretofore made within the limits of their several jurisdictions are hereby ratified and affirmed subject only to reversion by motion for a new trial appeal bill of review or other proceeding in conformity with the law of force when they were made Par VII The officers of the government now existing shall continue in the exercise of their several functions until their sue I 173 essors cire duly elected or appointed nd Qulifled but nothing herein is to apply to any officer whose office may be abolished by this Constitution S Par VIII The ordinances of this Convention shall have the force of laws until otherwise provided by the General Assembly except the ordinances in reference to submitting the homestead and capital questions to a vote of the people which ordinances after being voted on shall have the effect of constitutional provisions NoteUnder the ordinance of the Convention submitting location of the capital to the people the city of Atlanta was cJ 3877 the question of tha Losen December 5th ARTICLE XIII AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION Section I Paragraph I Any amendment or amendments to this Constitution may be proposed in the Senate or House of Representatives and if the same shall be agreed to by twothirds of the members elected to each of the two Houses such proposed amendment or amendments shall be entered on their journals with the yeas and nays taken thereon And the General Assembly shall cause such amendment or amendments to be published in one or more papers in each Congressional district for two months previous to the time of holding the next general election and shall also provide for a submission of such proposed amendment or amendments to the people at said next general election and if the people shall ratify such amendment or amendments by a majority of the electors qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly voting thereon such amendment or amendments shall become a part of this Constitution When more than one amendment is submitted at the same time they shall be so submitted as to enable the electors to vote on each amendment separately Par II No convention of the people shall be called by the General Assembly to revise amend or change this Constitution unless by the concurrence of twothirds of all the members of eaoh House of the Gnral Assembly The representation in said convention shall be based on population as near as practicable Section II Paragraph I The Constitution shall be submitted for ratification or rejection to the voters of the State at an election to be held on the first Wednesday in December one thousand eight hundred and seventyseven in the several election districts of this State at which election every person shall be entitled to vote who is entitled to vote for the members of the General Assembly under the constitution and laws of force at the date of such election said election to be held and conducted as is now provided by law for holding elections for members of the General Assembly All nersons voting at said election in favor of adopting the Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words For Ratification and all persons opposed to the adoption of this Constitution shall write or have printed on their ballots the words Against Ratification 174 II The votes cast at said election shall be consolidated iiy each of the counties of the State as is now required by law in elections for members of the General Assembly and returns thereof made to the Governor and should a majority of all the votes cast at said election be in favor of ratification he shall declare the said Constitution adopted and make proclamation of the result of said election by publication in one or more newspapers in each Congressional district of the State but should a majority of the votes cast be against ratification he shall in the same manner proclaim the said Constitution rejected AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION An Act to amend Paragraphs 2 and 3 of Section 3 of Article 6 and Paragraph 1 of Section 11 of Article 6 of the Constitution of this State so as to provide for the election of the Judges of Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral by the electors of the whole State Acts 1897 page 16 An Act to amend Section 1 Article 7 Paragraph 1 of the Constitution of Georgia so as to extend the provisions of said Section Article and Paragraph to the widows of Confederate Soldiers who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves and for other purposes Acts of 1899 page 19 An Act to amend Article 7 Section 1 of the Constitution of this State so as to limit the levy of taxes on property for any one year by the General Assembly to five mills on each dollar of the value of the property taxable in this State except for the purpose of repelling invasion suppressing insurrection or defending the State in time of war and for other purposes Acts of 1903 page 21 An Act to alter and amend Article 8 Section 4 Paragraph 1 of the Constitution of the State by striking out the words upon the recommendation of two grand juries which begin in the first line after the word Counties and end in the second line before the word and and substituting therefor the words Militia Districts School Districts and by inserting the words Military Districts School Districts in the seventh line after the word County and before the word or and further by striking out the word twothirds which begins in the seventh line after the word a and ends in the eighth line before the word vote and substituting therefor the words twothirds majority of those voting and the manner of submitting the same for ratification and for other purposes Acts of 1903 page 23 An Act to amend Paragraph 2 of Section 1 of Article 11 of the Constitution of this State by striking out all of said Paragraph 2 Section 1 Article 11 and inserting in lieu thereof the following There shall not be more than one hundred and fortyfive Counties in this State Acts 1904 page 47 An Act to amend Section 3 Article 3 of the Constitution of this State which provides for the number of members of the House of Representatives by striking out Paragraph 1 of said Section of said Article and substituting in lieu thereof a Paragraph allowing an increase in the number of members of said House and naming the Counties now entitled to more than one Representative Acts 1904 page 48 ORDINANCES AN ORDINANCE Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled 1st That the question of the location of the capital of this State be kept out of the Constitution to be adopted by this Convention 2d That at the first general election hereafter held for members of the General Assembly every voter may indorse on his ballot Atlanta or Milldgeviie and the one of thse places receiving the largest number of votes shall be thecapital of the State until changed by the same authority and in the same way that may be provided for the alteration of the Constitution that may be adopted by the Convention whether said Constitution be ratified or rejected And that every person entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly under the present Constitution and laws of this State shall be entitled to vote under this ordinance and in the event of the rejection of said Constitution shall should a majority of votes cast be infavor of Milledgeville then this provision to operate and take effect as an amendment to the present Constitution AN ORDINANCE Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled and it is hereby ordained by authority of the same 1st That the article adopted by this Convention on the subject of Homestead and Exemption shall not form a part of this Constitution except as hereinafter provided 2d At the election held for the ratification or rejection of this Constitution it shall be lawful for each voter to have written or printed on his ballot the words Homestead of 1877 or the words Homestead of 1868 3d In the event that a majority of the ballots so cast have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1877 then said article so adopted by this Convention shall form a part of the Constitution submitted if the same is ratified but in the event that said Constitution so submitted shall not be ratified then the article on Homestead and Exemptions so adopted as aforesaid by this Convention shall supersede article seven of the Constitution of 1868 on the subject of Homestead and Exemptions and form a part of this Constitution 4th If a majority of the ballots so cast as aforesaid shall have indorsed upon them the words Homestead of 1868 then article seventh of the Constitution of 1868 shall supersede the article on Homestead and Exemptions adopted by this Convention and shall be incorporated in and form a part of the Constitution so submitted and ratified Read and adopted in Convention August 22 1877 Attest C J JENKINS President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPER NISBET decretory 121m 178 AN ORDINANCE Whereas A committee has been appointed by this Convention to consider and inquire into the ways and means by which the expenses of this Convention over and above those provided for by the General Assembly can be defrayed and whereas the committee are satisfied that a sufficient sum of money for the same can be procured by an ordinance of this Convention therefore Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled it is hereby ordained by authority of the same That the President of this Convention shall be and he It hereby empowered by authority of this Convention to negotiate a loan of a sufficient sum of money at seven per cent per annum to defray the residue of the expenses of this Convention not provided for by the Act of the General Assembly calling this Convention Read and adopted in Convention August 18 1877 Attesl C J JENKINS President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary AN ORDINANCE Be it ordained by the people of Georgia in Convention assembled 1st That the Constitution as adopted and revised be enrolled and signed by the officers and members of this Convention 2 That the Governor shall issue his proclamation ordering an 9lii election for members of the General Assembly and a vote upon the ratification or rejection of this Constitution as therein prorri 9V4rded and a vote upon the Capital and Homestead questions as provided by the ordinances of this Convention edJ o Jitead and adopted in Convention August 25th 1877 ineve Rf Atst C J JENKINS President Constitutional Convention eiotr JAM COOPER NISBET Secretary noO 9flJ To 09V93 91 ban enoiiqmoxH ban l IIjBiie MBseiols tana nedJ 8981 lo BneiaemoH AN ORDINANCE ebaammja Kfirff ixteen Judicial Circuits in this State and it shall Assembly to organize and appor9 turntneiskk Ifflulii5itt4iiner as to equalize the business and labor ofihfi Judges in Wd several circuits as far as may be tleiibral Assembly shall have power here tediganize increase or diminish the number of circuits remain as now organized until changed by la531 THaaiK Read and adopted in Convention August 23 1877 Attest C J JENKINS President Constitutional Convention JAMES COOPER NISBET Secretary AMENDMENTS TO CONSTITUTION Paragraph 15 of Section 7 Article 3 stricken out Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable provisions for such Confederate soldiers as may have been permanently injured in such service See Acts of 18841885 Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 also amended by adding at the end of said paragraph the following words And to make suitable provision for such Confederate soldiers as may have otherwise been disabled or permanently injured in such service and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers as may have died in the service of the Confederate States or since from wounds received therein or diseases contracted therein Paragraph 3 Section 4 Article 2 amended by striking out biennially after the word and and before the word thereafter and substituting therefor the word annually Paragraph 6 Section 4 Article 2 amended by striking out the words forty days unless by a twothirds vote of the whole number of each House and substituting therefor fifty days These amendments were construed to apply to Article 3 instead of Article 2 Paragraph 7 Section 7 Article 3 amended by adding thereto but the first and second reading of each local bill and jbank and railroad charters in each House shall consist of the reading of the title only unless said bill is ordered to be engrossed Paragraph 18 Section 7 Article 3 amended by striking out after the word companies in the second line the following words viz Except banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies and substituting therefor at the end of said paragraph after the word courts the following viz All corporate powers and privileges to banking insurance railroad canal navigation express and telegraph companies shall be issued and granted by the Secretary of State in such manner as shall be prescribed by law See Acts of 189091 Vol 1 pages 55 to 60 inclusive Paragraph 1 Section 1 of Article 7 by adding after the word service in the thirteenth line of said paragraph the following words towit Or who by reason of age and povertyOr infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves Act approved December 19 18i3 Adopted by vote of the people Oct 1894 179 180 Paragraph 2 Section 3 Article 6 amended so that the same shall read as follows The successors to the present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected by the electors entitled to vote for members of the General Assembly of the whole State at the general election held for such members next preceeding the expiration of their respectivo terms provided that the successors for all incumbents whose terms expire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall be elected by tho General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four years Paragraph 3 Section 3 Article 6 amended so that said paragraph shall read as follows The terms of the judges to be elected under the Constitution except to fill vacancies shall begin on the first day of January after their election Every vacancyoccasioned bv death resignation or other causes shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration oi thirty days from the tim such vacancy occurs at which elction a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected Paragraph 1 Section 11 Artiole 6 amended so that the same shall read as follows There shall b a SolicitorGeneral for each judicial circuit whose official term except to fill a vacancy shall be four years The successors of present and subsequent incumbents shall be elected bv the electors of the whole State qualified to vote for members of the General Assembly at the general election held next preceding the expiration of their respective terms Every vacancy occasioned bv death resignation or other cause shall be filled by appointment of the Governor until the first day of January after the general election held next after the expiration of thirty days from the time such vacancv occurs at which election a successor for the unexpired term shall be elected provided that the successor for all incumbents whose termsexpire on or before the first day of January 1899 shall be elected bv the General Assembly at its session for 1898 for the full term of four Paragraph 1 Section 1 Article 7 amended so that the same shall read as follows and for the widows of such Confederate soldiers who by reason of age and poverty or infirmity and poverty or blindness and poverty are unable to provide a living for themselves proerf that the Act shall only apply to such widows as were married at the time of such service and have remained unmarried since the death of such soldier husband TgraH V sectlonni3Varticle be amended to read as followsThe Lesiature shall have authority to add one or more addiitionai judges of the superior court for any judicial circuit in this State nd shall have authority to regulate the manner in which the judges of such mrcuits shaU dispose of the business thereof and shail fix the time at which the term or terms of office of such additional judge or judges shall begin and the manner of his appointment nr election and shall have authority from time to timeto add to the number of such judges in any judlcaeirnU o o redace the number of judges in any judicial circuit pro led that at all times there shall be at least one judge in evrv indS crcuit of this State g e y judicial p 181 Paragraph 1 section 1 article 6 be amended to read as follows The judicial powers of the State shall be vested in a Supreme Court a Court of Appeals superior courts courts of ordinary justices of the peace commissioned notaries public and such other courts as have been or may be established by law Paragraph 5 section 2 article 6 be amended to read as follows The Supreme Court shall have no original jurisdiction but shall be a court alone for the trial and correction of errors in law and equity from the superior courts in all civil cases whether legal or equitable originating therein or carried thereto from the court of ordinary and in all cases of conviction of a capital felony and for the determination of questions certified to it by the Court of Appeals and shall sit at the seat of government at such times in each year as are or may be prescribed by law for the trial and determination of writs of error from the superior courts and of questions certified to it as aforesaid The provisions of this paragraph shall become effective on the first day of January Anno Domini nineteen hundred and seven but shall not affect cases which on thatdate are pending in the Supreme Court except that cases then pending therein of the kind of which the Court of Appeals has jurisdiction may be transferred by the Supreme Court to the Court of Appeals Any case thereafter carried to the Supreme Court which is of the class of which the Court of Appeals has jurisdiction may be transferred to the Court of Apv peals under such rules as the Supreme Court may prescribe until otherwise provided by law and thaCourt of Appeals shall try the cases so transferred Section 2 article 6 by adding a paragraph to be known as paragraph 9 which shall read as follows The Court of Appeals shall until otherwise provided by law consist of three judges of whom two shall constitute a quorum It shall sit at the seat of government and at such other places as may be prescribed by law The Governor shall immediately on the ratification of this amendment call an election to be held on Tuesday after the first Monday in November Anno Domini nineteen hundred and six at which the judges of the Court of Appeals shall be elected in the manner in which Justices of the Supreme Court are elected The returns of said election shall be made to the Secretary of State and the secretary of State shall canvass the returns and declare the three persons receiving the greatest number of votes to be elected The terms of office of the judges then elected shall begin on the first day of January Anno Domini nineteen hundred and seven and shall continue respectively two four and six years and until their successors are qualified The persons so elected shall among themselves determine by lot which of the terms each shall have and they shall be commissioned accordingly by the Governor All terms of the judges of the Court of Appeals after the expiration of the terms aforesaid except unexpired terms shall continue six years and until their successors are qualified The times and manner of all other elections and the mode of filling a vacancy which causes an unexpired term shall be the same as are or may be provided for by the laws relating to the election and appointment of Justices of the Supreme Court The Court of Appeals shall have jurisdiction for the trial and correction of 182 errors in law and equity from the superior courts in all case in which such jurisdiction is not conferred by this Constitution on the Supreme Court and from the city courts of Atlanta and Savannah and such other like courts as have been or may be hereafter established in other cities and in such other cases as may hereafter be prescribed by law except that where in a case pending in the Court of Appeals a question israised as to the construction of a provision of the Constitution of this State or of the United States or as to the constitutionality of an Act of the General Assembly of this State and a decision of the question is necessary to the determination of the case the Court of Appeals shall so certify to the Supreme Court and thereupon a transcript of the record shall be transmitted to the Supreme Court which after having afforded to the parties an opportunity to be heard thereon shall instruct the Court of Appeals on the question so certified and the Court of Appeals shall be bound by the instruction so given But if by reason of an equal division of opinion among the Justices of the Supreme Court no such instruction is given the Court of Appeals may decide the question The Court of Appeals may at any time certify to the Supreme Court any other question of law concerning which it desires the instruction of the Supreme Court for properdecision and thereupon the Supreme Court shall give its instruction on the question certified to it which shall be binding on the Court of Appeals in such case The manner of certifying questions to the Supreme Court by the Court of Appeals and the subsequent proceedings in regard to the same in the Supreme Court shall be as the Supreme Court shall by its rules prescribe until otherwise provided by law No affirmance of the judgment of the court below in cases pending in the Court of Appeals shall result from delay in disposing of questions certified by the Court of Appeals to the Supreme Court All writs of error in the Court of Appeals when received by its clerk during a term of the court and before the docket of the term is by order of the court closed shall be entered thereon and when received at any other time shall be entered on the docket of the next term and they shall stand for hearing at the term for which they are so entered under such rules as the court may prescribe until otherwise provided by law The Court of Appeals shall appoint a clerk and a sheriff of the court The reporter of the Supreme Court shall be reporter of the Court of Appealsuntil otherwise provided by law The first term of the Court of Appeals shall be held on the first Monday in January Anno Domini nineteen hundred and seven The laws relating to the Supreme Court as to qualifications and salaries of the judges the designation of other judge to preside when members of the court are disqualified the powers duties salaries fees and terms of officers the mode of carrying casek tirthe court the powers practice procedure times of sitting and costs of the court the publication of reports of cases decided therein and in all other respects except as otherwise provided in this Constitution and until otherwise provided by law shall apply to the Court of Appeals so far as they can be made to apply The decisions of the Supreme Court shall bind the Court of Appeals as precedents INDEX TO THE CONSTITUTION OF GEORGIA TOotP References in the Index are made to the Article Section and Paragraph of thepmvision referred to the original division of the instrument being strictly followed Absent members of Legislature attendance of compelled 3 Abuse under arrest or in prison prohibited 1 Of liberty of speech or press responsibility for 1 Academy incorporated exempt from taxation 7 Acceptors suits against where tried 3 Account of Treasurer to be published quarterly 3 Accusation copy to be furnished defendant on demand 1 Acts amending or repealing must describe the law affected 3 Local and private authority of 12 Must be signed by President of Senate and Speaker of HouseI Requiring twothirds voteyeas and nays must be recorded 3 Adjournment of Legislature by less than a majority 3 Consent of both Houses required when 3 Houses failing to agree Governor may adjourn them 3 Resolutions of not submitted to Governor 5 Ad valorem Tax on property shall be 7 Aged and infirm persons entitled to Homestead 9 Aid of State to any religious denomination prohibited 1 To any person or corporation by lending credit or taking stock prohibited 7 To any person or corporation by donation or gratuity prohibited Aid of County or City to person or corpration prohibited Amendments to Appropriation and P ue bills by Senate To Constitution 183 4 1 1 2 16 7 4 9 15 2 5 11 5 17 4 3 7 13 21 4 24 24 17 1 1 14 7 16 3 13 10 1 184 A n endmen ta Continued a a p To statute or code form of amendment act 3 7 17 Animals special tax may bo imposed on vicious ones 7 2 1 Appeal from one jury to another in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6 From Ordinary to Superior Court 66 1 From Justice of the Peace to Jury or Superior Court 6 7 2 Appellate Jurisdiction of the Superior Court 6 4 4 Appointment of Legislator to another office prohibited 3 4 7 By Governor to fill vacancies 1 14 Rejected by Senate effect of 5 1 15 Of State School Commissioner 8 2 1 Apportionment of Representatives how charged 3 3 2 Appropriation Acts authority of 12 1 3 Bills general and special 3 7 9 Bills must originate in House of Representatives 3 7 10 Bills yeas and nays must be recorded on 3 7 12 Bills may be approved in part 5 1 16 Necessary to authorize payment by Treasurer 3 7 11 For University of Georgia and College for colored pupils 8 6 1 Approval of Governor to Bills 5 1 16 Of Governor to Resolutions and Orders 5 1 17 Arms right of citizens to bearmanner of bearing 1 1 22 Army of the State Governor is Commander of 5 1 u Arrest base under prohibited 11 9 Punishment for rescue from under order either House 3 7 2 Privilege of Elector from 2 3 l Privilege of member Legislature from 3 7 3 Artificial limbs for Confederate soldiers 7 1 j Assemble right of people to do so guaranteed 1 1 24 Associate Justice of Supreme Court 6 2 1 Atlanta City Court of errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5 Attainder bill of prohibited 1 3 2 Attendance of members of the Legislature compelled 3 4 4 Attendance of members of Legislature privileges during 3 7 3 Attorney right to defend or prosecute by 114 Right of Defendant in criminal cases to have 115 General election of 6 10 1 Genera duties 6 10 2 General salary 6 13 l General qualificationsi 6 14 1 Authority of Constitution treaties laws judgments etc 12 1 185 B A 8 P ail shall not be excessive 119 allot election bv the people shall be by 2 11 Banishment beyond the State prohibited I 1 1 7 Banks may be incorporated by the Legislature 3 7 18 Bequests may bereceived by the University of Georgia 8 6 1 ills number of readings necessary before passage 3 7 7 Majority of all members in favor of necessary to passage 3 7 14 Rejected not again proposed without consent of two thirds 3 7 13 Appropriation and Revenue must originate in House 3 7 10 Appropriations general and special requisites of 3 7 9 Appropriations must be passed by yeas and nays 3 7 12 Revision of by Governor Vetohow overruled 5 1 16 See Local Bills also Acts Bond required of Secretary of Senate and Clerk of House 3 8 1 Required of Secretary of State GomptrollerGenl and Treasurer 5 2 6 Required of Fublic Printer 7 17 1 Bonded debt not to be iricreased 7 12 1 Sale of States property to be applied to 7 13 1 Of county or city provisions for meeting 7 7 2 Bonds in cases involving an interested Judge cannot preside 6 2 3 Of State declared void not to be paid or submitted to suit 7 11 1 Of Western Atlantic Railroad paid by proceeds of Road 7 13 q Boundaries of counties to remain as now till changed by law 11 1 1 Bribery Conviction of disqualifies for office or voting 2 2 1 Bridges established by the Courts not Legislature 3 7 18 Bridges Ordinarys jurisdiction in matters of 6 6 2 Bridges taxation by county to keep up 7 6 2 Borrowing money by State laws for must specify purpose I 7 4 1 Buildings public exempt from taxation7 2 2 Public tax by county to maintain 7 6 2 Ordinary s jurisdiction 6 6 2 Burial places exempt from tax 7 2 2 C Oanal Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18 Capital looation of ordinance concerning 12 1 8 186 A S f Capitol site for may be donated to tlie State Censure of members of Legislature for misconduct 37 i Certiorari writs of may be issued by Judge Superior Court I 4 Challenge of voter oath to be administered 2 1 Conviction of sending or accepting disqualifies for office 2 4 Charitable institutions public exempt from taxation 7 2 2 Public aid from county or city 6 1 Charter of Corporations amended on conditions 4 2 Chief Justice of Supreme Court presides in impeachment trialssee Supreme Court 354 Children legitimated and names changed by the Courts Church not to receive money from the State 111 Citizens of the State who are and right to protection 1 1 25 Of the State entitled to vote when 2 12 City aid by donation or taking stock prohibited 7 6 1 Consent before Street Railroad can be built in 3 7 2C Courts of the State need not be uniform 6 9 1 Court appeals and new trials in 6 4 6 Court errors corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 Court Judge may serve in Supreme Court when 0 5 1 Debt to be incurred by limited 7 7 1 Debt bonded provisions for meetingv 7 7 2 Debt not to be assumed by State 7 8 1 Debt to be incurred only by authority of City Government 7 10 1 PubliC schools may be maintained by tax 8 4 1 Civil authority superior to tliemilitary 1 1 191 Cases where tried 6 16 Cases judgment by Court without Jury when 6 4 7 Cases venue how changed 6 17 1 Jurisdiction of Superior Court 6 43 Jurisdiction of Justices Court 6 7 2 Clerical expenses of Treasurer Secretary of State and ComptrollerGeneral 5 2 234 Clerk of House of Representatives Compensation and Bond of 38 1 Clerks of the Governor i Code sections not amended or repealed by reference to 7 q 7 1 7 numberso o i Colleges exempt from taxation 7 2 2 For colored pupils Colored pupils College for 8 6 1 187 a 8 r Colored and white Public Schools to be separate 8 1 Commissioner of Schools appointed and salary of 8 2 1 Commissioners of county affairs authorized 6 19 1 Commissioners of county affairs authorized 11 3 1 Committee on Local and Special bills 3 7 5 Common Law Courts may be clothed with equity jurisdiction 6 5 2 Common School systemsee Education 8 1 1 Commutation power in the Governor 5 1 12 Tax for military services goes to Schools 8 3 1 Companies incorporation of 3 7 18 Volunteer military organization of 10 1 2 Compensation for private ways and public use of property 13 1 Of Clerk of House and Secretary of Senate 3 8 k Of Jurors how fixed 6 IS Extra not be granted officers or contractors 7 16 2 Competition arrangements by corporations to defeat voidI 4 2 4 ComptrollerGeneral must license Life Insurance Companies 3 12 2 Supervise deposits of Life Insurance Companies 3 1 3 Officer of Executive Department 5 1 1 Examination suspension and discharge of 5 1 18 Election of5 5 2 1 Salary and Clerks hire 5 2 4 Eligi ilty and Bond of 5 2 6 Perquisites not allowed to 5 2 7 Must report to Governor 7 15 1 Confederate Soldiers pensions for 7 1 1 Public debt not to be paid 7 11 1 Conscience right of not to be controlled 1 1 12 Liberty of does not excuse licentiousness 1 1 13 Consent of parties to vary general law in individual cases 14 1 City to building Street Railroads within its limits 3 7 20 Constitution of Georgia may be altered or abolished by the people 1 5 1 Authority of 12 1 2 Amendments of 13 1 1 Amendments by Convention 13 1 2 To be submitted to the people 13 2 1 And United Stateslaws in violation of void 14 2 Of United States authority of 12 1 1 Constitutional Convention provisions to call 13 1 2 188 Construction of Constitution not to deny rights not enumerated Contempt limitation of Courts power to punish for Either House of General Assembly may punish for Contested Election for Governor Contracts laws impairing obligation of void By Government releasing power to tax void By Government heretofore made not impaired Between corporations defeat competition void Judgments on without verdict when Jurisdiction of Justices Courts in cases of Contractor not to receive extra compensation from Government Convention see Constitutional Convention and Ordinances Conviction costs not to be exacted of defendant until Does not work corruption or forfeiture Of certain offenses disfranchises Impeachment vote necessary Dueling disqualifies for office Copartners suits against where tried Coroners County Tax to pay Corporate powers what may be granted by Legislature Corporators not to be damaged by revocation of charter Corporations subject to police power and eminent domain Legislation in favor of conditional Acts of to defeat competition and monopoize void Right to tax not to be released State not to take stock in aid or lend credit to County or City not to take stock in aid or lend credit to Donations to from State prohibited Authority of rights already accrued to Municipalsee City Costs not payable by defendant till conviction In Supreme Court County Commissioners may be created Debt to be incurred by limited Debt not to be assumed by State Debt bonded provisions for meeting Not to aid or take stock in Corporation Public Schools may be maintained by7 Matters Ordinarys jurisdiction Officers election term qualification and removal A s E 1 5 5 1 1 20 3 7 2 5 1 6 1 3 2 4 1 1 4 2 6 4 2 4 6 4 7 6 7 2 7 16 o 1 1 10 1 2 3 2 2 1 3 5 4 2 4 2 6 16 4 7 6 2 3 7 18 1 3 Q O 4 2 2 4 2 3 4 2 4 7 2 5 7 5 1 7 6 1 7 16 1 12 1 5 1 1 10 6 21 1 J 6 19 1 U1 3 1 7 7 1 7 8 1 7 7 2 7 6 1 8 4 1 6 6 2 11 2 1 189 County CommissionerContinued A 8 P Officers and tribunals to be uniform in the State 11 3 1 Is a body corporate suits of and boundaries 11 1 1 Newone not to be created 11 12 Lines and site h6w changed 11 1 34 Merger ofns v11 1 5 Special Acts authority of v 12 1 4 Corruption of blood not worked by conviction 12 3 Courtspower to punish for contempt limited 1 1 20 Power in matters denied to Legislature 3 7 18 Of the State i i Utv 6 1 Not mentioned in Constitution may be abolished 6 20 Of Common Law may be vested with equity jurisdiction 6 4 2 Of same grade throughout State must be uniform 6 9 1 Courts tax to pay expenses of 7 6 2 Jurisdiction against Homestead denied 9 2 1 Authority of judgments and decrees of 12 15 Existing judgments and decrees of ratified 12 1 6 See also Supreme Superior City and Justice Courts Credit of State not to be pledged to Corporations or persons 1 7 6 1 Creditors law to be provided for reaching concealed property of debtor 1 2 6 Not to be damaged by revocation of Charter 1 S S Crime conviction in what cases disfranchises 2 2 1 Lobbying declared to be 1 5 5 Criminal cases Jury judges of law and fact 12 1 Judge may grant new trial on conviction 1 2 1 Jurisdiction of Superior Court 6 4 1 Rights of defendant in 115 Where tried 6 16 Venue when changed 6 17 1 D Damages jurisdiction of Justices Courts in cases of 6 7 1 Death of Governor vacancy how filled5 18 Officer vacancy how filled 5 1 14 Debate liability of Legislators for words spoken in 3 7 3 Debts Public taxation to pay 7 11 Public new debt contracted to pay 7 3 1 Power of State to contract restricted 7 3 1 Of County taxation to pay 7 6 2 Power of City or County to contract restricted 7 7 1 190 OebtsContinued A 8 P To be ucurred by City only on authority of City Government 7 10 1 Of County or City not to be assumed by State 7 8 1 Void and Confederate against State not to be paid 7 11 1 Debtor Concealing Property provisions against 12 6 May waive Homestead 9 3 1 May waive Exemptions of the old Code 9 51 Decrees of Court authority and ratification of 12 1 56 Defaulters of public moneys disqualified for Legislature 3 4 7 Defend or prosecute in person or by attorney right to 1 1 4 Defense under oath not filed Court to render judgment when 4 7 Of State debts may be contracted for 7 3 1 Deficiency of Revenue in State supplied by borrowing 7 3 1 Of Revenue in City and County supplied by bor 7 7 1 rowing Deposit required of Insurance Companies 8 12 Of public funds Treasurer to receive no profit from 5 2 5 Disabilities may be removed by Governor 5 1 12 discrimination in Tariff by Railroad regulated Disordely behavior in presence of Legislature punished 3 7 12 Disqualification to hold office or vote2 2 1 Religious opinion is not 1 To hold office in more than one department 1 1 23 Of illegal holders of public money 2 4 1 Of Duelists 4 2 For Legislature and of legislator to other office 3 4 7 Resulting from impeachment 3 5 5 Of Judge of Supreme Court who presides 6 2 2 Judge of Superior Court who presides 6 4 9 Judge of Superior Court when there is a City Judge 6 5 1 Of interested Judge in bond cases 6 2 3 Districts Senatorial number composition and change of 3 21 23 Divorce exclusive jurisd ction in Superior Court 6 4 1 First and second verdicts in cases of 6 15 12 Suits where tried6 16 1 Domestic animals of vicious nature special tax on 7 2 1 Animals tax on goes to educational purposes811 Donations by State prohibitedgyglHP 7 16 1 By State to University allowed8 6 1 Drawer and Acceptor suitsagainst where ttie l6 16 5 Dueling conviction of disqualifies for office 2 4 191 E A S P Education Common School System established 8 1 1 Commissioner of Public Schools 3 Confined to English in local public schools 7 6 2 Confined to English in State public schools 8 11 Poll Tax for purposes of 2 3 Special Tax for purposes of 8 3 1 Taxation for purposes of by State 1 1 Taxation for purposes of by City or County 7 6 2 Appropriations for purposes of by City or County 7 61 Election by the people shall be by ballot 2 11 By the Legislature shall be viva voce 3 10 1 Days furnishing Liquor on prohibited 2 5 1 Privilege of Electors while attending 2 3 1 Precincts changed by Courts not Legislature 3 7 18 Returns where made 2 6 1 Of members General Assembly 3 4 2 Members General Assembly each house to judge of 3 7 1 President of the Senate 3 5 2 Sneaker of the House of BepresentaiivesI 3 6 2 1 k i a Governor o Governor returns how made 6 1 Returns opened and published 5 1 5 Governor by General Assembly 5 1 5 Contested 1 Special To fill vacancies in General Assembly 5 1 13 Of Secretary of State CompGenl and Treasurer 5 2 1 Judges of Supreme Court 6 2 4 Judges of Superior Court k 632 Judges Supreme Superior Courts and SolGenl 6 12 1 Justices of the Peace 6 7 3 AttorneyGeneral 6 10 1 By City or County on creating a new Debt 7 7 1 City or County on School question 8 4 1 To changeCounty Site 11 I Merge one County into another 11 1 5 Election of County Officers H 2 1 On amendments to Constitution13 1 1 Ratification of Constitution 13 2 1 Electors who shall be so deemed 2 12 Registration of may be provided for 2 2 1 Privileges of while attending elections 2 3 1 Embezzlement of public funds disfranchises 2 2 192 V At S P Eminent Domain not to be abridged in favor of Corporations 4 2 Encumbrances Homestead liable for removal of 9 2 1 Endorsers suits against where tried 6 16 5 Equal Rights not to be infringed by Corporations 4 2 1 Equity Cases where tried v 6 16 3 Jurisdiction is in Superior Court 6 4 1 Jurisdiction may be conferred on Connii n Caw Courts 6 4 Errors in Superior and City Courts corrected in Sfipremf CourtJoi iU 6 2 5 Of inferior judicatories corrected by Certiorari 6 4 5 Estate not forfeited by conviction 12 3 Excessive Bail and Fines forbidden 1 1 91 Executive Legislative and Judicial Departments are distinctI 1 1 23 Department officers of 5 1 1 Department officers of report suspension and removal of 5 1 13 Powers vested in Governor 5 1 2 Exemption from Taxation and void Exemption 7 2 245 From Levy and Sale 9 11 From Levy and Sale waiver of 9 3 1 From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act not repealed 9 4 1 From Levy and Sale under Debtors Act waiver of 9 5 1 Exhibitions special tax on goes to Public Schools 8 3 1 Expense of Clerks and Secretaries to Governor 5 1 13 Of Clerks of Secretary of State ComptrollerGeneral and Treasurer 5 2 234 Ex Post Facto Law not to be passed 13 2 Express Companies chartered by Legislature 3 7 13 Expulsion of Member of General Assembly for misconduct 3 7 1 Extra session of Legislature before November 1st 1878 3 4 3 Session of Legislature may be called by Governor 5 1 13 Compensation not to be allowed by Government 7 16 F Family each Head of entitled to Homestead 9 11 Fees not allowed officers of Executive Department 5 2 7 Not allowed AttorneyGeneral 6 13 1 Felony exclusive jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1 Females persons having care of entitled to Homestead 9 11 Ferries established by Courts not Legislature 3 7 13 Ordinarys jurisdiction concerning 6 6 St 193 A a f Fines imposed must not be excessive 11 9 Imposed on member of Legislature for misconduct 3 7 1 Fire Insurance Companies deposit required of 8 12 4 Foreign Power Governor to receive no Emolument from 5 1 2 Forfeiture of Estate not brought about by conviction 1 2 3 Of Recognizance relieved against when3 7 19 Of Charter remitted only on conditions 4 2 3 Fraud Legislature may provide Punishment for 12 6 Judgments attacked for 12 1 5 Free Schoolssee Education 8 11 Freight on Railroads subject to regulation by law 4 2 1 Rebate not allowed nor deceit as to amount charged 4 2 5 Furniture waiver of Exemption not good against all 9 3 1 Funds of county Ordinarys jurisdiction 6 6 2 Of Public officers not to profit from use of 7 9 1 Sinking provided for 7 14 1 G Genebal Assembly Consisting of Senate and House is the Legislative power 3 11 Members of elected for two years 3 4 1 Election when held 3 4 2 Election returns where made 2 6 1 Attendance of required 3 4 4 Oath of 3 4 5 Who are disqualified to be 3 4 7 Disqualified for certain other offices 3 4 7 Not to profit from use of public funds 7 9 1 Not to be interested in public printing 7 17 1 Seats of vacated by removal 3 4 8 Punished for misconduct in each House 3 7 1 Privileges of 3 7 3 Per diem and mileage of 3 9 1 Majority of all Decessary to passage of bill 3 7 14 Officers of who are 3 8 1 Quo111 of to transact business 3 4 4 Adjournment by less than a quorum 3 4 4 Adjournment for more than three days etc 3 7 24 Elections by shall he viva voce 3 10 1 Of Judges of Supreme Court by 1st election 6 2 4 Of Judges of Superior Court by 1st election 6 3 2 Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts and SolicitorsGeneral 6 12 1 Of Governor by when 5 15 Of Governor contested determined by 5 16 AS lm 194 General assemblyContinued A S P May pardon commute of reprieve for treason 5 1 12 May direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 i Sessions of are annual iivV1 3 4 3 Of limited to 50 days 3 4 6 Of extra may be called by Governor i 5 1 13 Of joint held in Representative flail 3 10 1 Each House of may compel attendance of members 3 4 4 Is judge of electn and qualiflcatn of its miembrs 3 7 1 May punieli for misccmducfchfSSffipT 3 7 12 Must keep a Journal1 V 3 7 4 Has general power of legislation 3 7 22 HAS POWER BY LAW TO Provide punishment for fraud 1 2 6 For registration of voters 2 2 1 For removal Secretary of State Comptroller General and Treasurer 5 1 1 For appeals in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6 For appointments of Judge pro hac vice 6 4 9 Commissioners for county affairsi 6 19 1 For organizing the Militia 10 1 1 Prescribe manner of bearing arms4 1 1 22 Number of Jurors in Inferior Courts 6 18 1 Who shall vote on School questions 8 4 1 Change Senatorial Districts when 3 2 3 Apportionment of Representatives 3 3 2 Governors Salary by twothirds vote 5 1 2 Salaries of Judges Attorneys and Soicitors General v h 6 13 2 Substitute another officer for School Commissioner 8 2 1 Establish Courtsii 6 11 Abolish Courts not named in Constitution lv 6 20 2 Confer Equity jurisdiction on Common Law Courts 6 4 2 Authorize formation of Yoluuteer Companies 10 1 2 Require Fire Insurance Companies to make deposit 3 12 4 Subject corporate property to public use when 4 2 1 SellStates property 7 13 1 Make donations to University of Georgia 8 6 1 Make donations to College for colored people 8 6 1 Amend Constitution in manner provided 13 1 1 Call Constitutional Convention as provided 13 1 2 195 Qeneral Assembly Oontinued SHALL BY LAW A S P Limit power of Courts to punish for Contempt 1 1 20 Protect citizens in their rights 1 1 25 Provide penalty against Lottery Agents 1 2 4 Provide penalty against Lobbying 12 5 Prohibit furnishing Liquor on election days 3 5 1 Provide penalty against Treasurer receiving unlawful fee i 5 2 5 Provide for reaching concealed property of Debtor 12 6 Compel Insurance Companies to report to Governor 3 12 5 Regulate Freight and Passenger tariff 4 2 1 Enforce provisions against monopolies etc 4 2 7 Establish uniformity in local tribunals 6 9 1 Provide for selection and compensation of j urors 6 18 23 A Sinking Fund 7 14 1 For letting Public Printing to highest bidder 7 17 1 Setting apart and valuation of Homestead 9 4 1 For appeals in Superior and City Courts 6 4 6 SHALL NOT PASS ANY LAW To restrain or curtail liberty of speech or press 1 1 15 Respecting social status of citizens 1 1 18 Of Attainder ex post facto impairing contracts 13 2 Making irrevocable grants of special privileges 1 3 2 To revoke grants to injury of creditors or corporators 13 3 Of special nature when general law providel 14 1 Varying general law affecting private rights without consent 14 1 In violation of Constitution of Georgia or the United States 1 4 2 Referring to more than one matter or different from title 3 7 8 Incorporating companies except for class named 3 7 18 Relieving against recognizances except as stated 3 7 19 Authorizing Street Railroad in city without citys consent 3 7 20 For benefit of particular corporations except on conditions 4 2 3 Authorizing one corporation to buy stock in another County or City to aid persons or corporations 7 6 1 Payment of void bonds or Confederate debts 7 li 1 Granting donation or gratuity to persons or Corporations 7 16 1 Extra compensation to officer or contractors 7 16 2 See Tax 196 A S IV j God may be worshipped according to dictates of conscience 1 1 12 Governor an officer of the Executive Department 5 11 Executive powers vested in 5 12 Salary term and limitations of terms of office 5 12 Election installation and terms of election of 5 1 14 Of by the Legislature when 5 15 Qualification and oath of 5 1 710 Deathr resignation or disability of 5 18 Secretary and Clerks of 5 1 19 Is Commander of the Army and Conservator of the Peace 5 111 12 May adjourn the Legislature when 3 7 24 Call Extra Session of the Legislature 5 1 13 Direct affixing of the Great Seal 5 3 1 Pardon reprieve commute and remit penalties 5 1 12 Remove disabilities 5 1 12 With the Treasurer loan the Sinking Fund 7 14 1 Require services of AttorneyGeneral 6 10 2 Shall order elections to fill vacancies in Legislature 5 1 13 Fill vacancies in other offices 5 1 14 Offices of J udges and SolicitorsGeneral 6 12 1 Appoint State School Commissioner 8 2 1 Judge to preside in Supreme Court when 6 2 2 Commission Notaries Public exofficio Justices of Peace 6 8 1 Examine and publish Report of Comptroller and and Treasurer 7 15 1 Proclaim result of Election on Constitution 13 2 2 Cannot appoint member of Legislature to offi e 3 4 7 A person rejected by Senate when 5 1 15 Has revision of bills and resolutions of Legislature 5 1 17 Supervision over Executive officers 5 1 18 Government originates with people duty of 1 1 12 Exclusive right of the people to regulate 15 1 Legislative Executive and Judicial Departments distinct 1 1 23 Support of by taxation 7 11 Grants limiting power to tax void 4 11 Irrevocable of special privileges void 13 2 Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 13 3 Great Seal of the State use and device of 5 3 1 Guardian of minors entitled to Homestead 9 12 197 H A S P Habeas Corpus Writ shall not be suspended 1 1 11 Head of family entitled to Homestead 9 11 Homestead and Exemption to whom allowed and amount of 9 11 Not subject to levy and sale 921 Waiver and sale of 9 3 1 Setting apart of to be provided for 9 4 l Supplemental 9 6 1 Already allowed good against old debts 9 7 1 Ordinance effect of 12 1 8 Of 1868 sales of confirmed 9 8 1 Of 1868 sales and reinvestments of 9 9 l Under DebtorsAct not repealed 9 4 1 Under DebtorsAct Waiver of 9 5 1 House secure from search except as provided 1 1 36 Soldiers not to be quartered in except as provided 1 19 Of Representativessee Representatives Household furniture waiver of exemption on 9 3 1 Husbands debts wifes property not liable for 3 11 1 I Idiots disqualified to vote or hold office 2 2 1 Immunities special not to be irrevocably granted 13 2 Not to be revoked so as to work injustice 13 3 Impeachment power in House of Representatives 3 6 3 Power to try4n the Senate 3 5 3 Chief Justice to preside at trial of 3 5 4 Vote necessary to convict 3 5 4 Effect of conviction 3 5 5 Governor cannot pardon in case of 5 l 12 Imprisonment abuse under iorbidden 119 For debt prohibited1 1 21 For misbehavior in presence of Legislature 3 7 12 Improvement on Homestead is part of 9 2 1 Indictment copy to be furnished defendant on demand 115 Inferior Judicatories errors of corrected by Certiorari 6 4 5 Infirm persons entitled to Homestead 9 11 Inherent rights not enumerated and not denied 15 2 Insane persons not entitled to vote or hold office 2 2 1 Inspection by Governor of Executive Offices 5 1 Installation of Governor 5 1 Insurance Department expense of 5 2 4 Companies to make reports to Governor 3 12 5 Chartered by Legislature3 7 38 3 198 insurance DepartmentContinued K S P Fire deposit made with Treasury 3 12 4 Foreign and Home Life deposits required 3 12 13 Foreign Life ComptrollerGeneral to license 3 12 2 Interest on Public Debt taxation authorized to pay 7 1 1 Intoxicating drinks not to be furnished on election days 2 5 1 Insurrection and invasion in time of Bills may pass summarily 3 7 7 Tax to suppress 7 1 1 Bonded debt incurred to suppress 7 12 1 Debts contracted to suppress 7 3 1 Contracted by pity or county to suppress assumed by State 7 8 1 Invasionsee Insurrection Investment of funds raised by sale of homestead 9 3 1 Irrevocable grants of special privileges void 1 3 2 Jeopardy more than once for same oifense prohibited 11 8 Joint obligors suit against where tried 6 16 4 Owner in property State shall not become 7 5 1 Journal each House of the General Assembly shall keep 3 7 4 Original preserved in the office of Secretary of State 3 7 5 Yeas and nays to be recorded in at request of one filth 3 7 6 Yeas and nays to be recorded in when twothird vote is required 3 7 21 Must show majority of all members voted for bills passed 3 7 14 Must contain proposed amendments to Constitution 13 1 1 Of House must contain vote of elections by Legislature vhA 3 10 l Judge disqualified to preside in bond cases if interested in the bonds 6 2 3 Pro hqc vice Legislature may authorize 6 4 9 May grant new trials in cases of conviction 12 1 See Supreme Superior and City Courts Judicial Legislative and Executive Departments distinct 1 1 23 Powers of the State where vested 6 1 1 Judiciary to declare unconstitutional acts void 1 4 2 Judgment of Impeachment extent of 3 5 6 Of Supreme Courtmay be withheld one term 6 2 7 Without verdict of Jury when 647 Of Courts authority oflhi 12 1 5 Heretofore rendered ratified i i2 1 6 199 A 8 P Jurisdiction of Supreme Court 6 25 Of Superior Court6 4 1 Of Superior Court appellate 6 4 4 Of Ordinary uqsispo 6 6 1 Of Ordinary County matters 6 6 2 Of Justices of the Peace 0 7 2 Against homesteads denied 9 2 1 Jury right of trial by an impartial 1 15 Right of trial by Guaranteedi 18 1 Judges of law and fact in criminal cases 12 1 Appeal from one to another in Superior and City Courts6 4 6 From Justice of the Peace to 6 7 2 Grand to recommend Commissioned Nutary for appointment 6 8 1 Grand and Traverse selection and qualification of 6 18 2 Compensation of how fixed 6 18 3 Tax by county to pay 7 6 2 Justice of the Peace may be member of Legislature 3 4 7 Part of Judiciary 6 1 1 Election Commission and removal of 6 7 3 Term of 6 7 1 Jurisdiction Sessions and Appeals 6 7 2 Ex Officio 6 8 1 K Kitchen furniture waiver of exemption of 9 3 1 L Labor done on Homestead Homestead is liable for 9 2 i Land cases involving title to brought in Supeior Court 6 41 Cases involving title to tried at what place 6 16 2 Homestead and Exemption onVhi1 9 11 Larceny conviction of disfranchises 2 2 1 Law due process of required to affect rights of persons 1 13 Laws of general nature must hav uniform operation 14 1 Of general nature affecting private rights How varied 1 4 1 Unconstitutional are voidVh iHii 14 2 For more than one matter or different from title void 3 7 8 Majority vote of all members necessary to pass 3 7 14 For tax shall be generaliVh 721 Not repealed or amended by reference to title alone 3 7 17 For borrowing money must b specific7 4 1 To change County lines must be a general law 11 1 3 MM 200 Laws Continued i a s p Of general operation 12 Of United States authority of 12 1 1 Of Georgia authority of 12 1 Local and special authority of 12 1 4 See Local also General Assembly Learning Seminaries of exempt from taxation 7 2 2 Legislative power is in the General Assembly 3 1 1 Executive and Judicial Departments distinct 1 1 26 LegislatureSee General Assembly Legitimate Children power in Courts 3 7 18 Levy and Sale exemptions from 9 1 I Libels in prosecutions for truth may be given in evidence 12 1 Liberty person to be deprived of only by due process of law 1 13 Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 1 l Of Conscience not to be controlled 1 1 12 Of speech or press not to be curtailed 1 1 15 ijibaries Public may be exempt from taxation 7 2 2 Licentiousness not ekcused on account of liberty of Conscience 1 1 13 Life person not to be deprived of but by due p ocessof law 1 1 3 Not to be jeopardized but once for same offense 118 Crimes involving jurisdiction in Superior Court 641 See Insurance Lines of County to be changed under operation of general law 11 13 Liquor special tax on for Educational purposes 8 3 1 Not to be furnished on Election days 2 5 1 List of witnesses to be furnished defendant on demand 115 Litigation tax by County to pay expenses of 7 0 2 Literary Associations may be exempt from taxation 7 2 2 Loans to State for casual deficiencies of revenue 7 3 1 County or City for casual deficiencies of revenue 771 Of Sinking Fund by Governor and Treasurer 7 14 1 Lobbying is a crime Legislature must provide a penalty 1 2 5 Publication of before passed 3 7 16 Acts authority of 12 1 4 School Systems existing not affected hereby 85 1 Lottery Tickets sale of prohibited 1 2 4 M Macon and Brunswick Railroad if sold proceeds where applied 7 13 1 201 Majority of each branch of Legislature constitute quorumI Of all members of each House necessary to pass bill Malfeasance in office disfranchises Malpractice in office by Justice of the Peace removal for Mandamus issued by Judge of Superior Court Marriage does not divest wife of her property Material furnished Homestead it is liable for Matter different from title not to be contained in bill Members of General Assemblysee General Assembly Merger of counties Message of Governor Mileage of the members of the General Assembly Military authority subordinate to Civil Commission except in Militia disqualifies for Legislature Service commutation for goes to Public Schools Companies Volunteer organizations Companies Volunteer paid only wlieo called bv State Militia officers may be members of Legislature Governor is commanderinchief of District one Justice of the Peace for each District one commissioned Notary for each Organization of may be provided for Paid only when called out by State Minors family of entitled to Homestead Ministerial officer not to levy on Homestead Misconduct of member of Legislature how punidied Mistrial in criminal cases authorizes a second trial Money not to be donated by State to any church etc Illegal holders of public disqualified for office Public defaulters of disqualified for Legislature Authority and manner of drawing from Treasury Borrowed by State laws for and use of Monopoly provisions against Municipal Corporationsee City N Names of children changed by Courts Navigation Companies chartered by Legislature Navy of State Governor is Commander of New trial in criminal cases authorizes second trial In criminal cases may be granted on conviction May be granted by Superior and City Court a s p 3 4 4 3 7 14 2 2 1 6 7 3 6 4 5 3 11 k 9 2 1 co 7 3 11 1 5 5 1 13 3 9 1 1 1 19 3 4 T 8 3 1 10 1 2 10 1 3 3 4 7 5 1 H 6 7 1 6 8 1 10 1 1 10 1 3 9 1 1 9 2 L 3 7 1 1 1 g 1 1 14 9 4 1 3 4 T 3 7 11 7 4 1 4 2 4 3 7 18 3 7 18 5 1 11 1 1 3 1 2 1 6 4 3 202 HewContinued A s r Counties not to be formed 11 1 2 Notaries Public commissioned part of Judiciary 6 11 Appointment commission and powers 6 8 1 Novation of charter what shall so operateAV 4 2 3 O Oath of voter if challenged 2 12 Of member of General Assembly i 3 4 5 Of Governor 5 1 10 To pleas 6 4 7 Obligation of contracts not to be impaired by law 1 3 2 Of contracts heretofore made by State binding 4 2 6 Office illegal holders of public money ineligible for 2 4 1 Who may not hold 2 2 1 Impeachment removes from and disqualifies for 5 5 Profiting from use of public money disqualifies for 7 9 1 Conviction of Dueling disqualifies for2 4 2 Wfiigious opinion does not disqualify for 1 1 13 In gift of Governor or Legislature legislator disqualified for 3 4 7 Malfeasance in disfranchises 2 2 1 Officers are trustees of the people and amenable to them 11 1 Of one department disqualified to act in another 1 1 23 lieturns of election of where made 2 6 1 Of State or the United States disqualified for Legislaturevihivio 3 4 7 Of Militia or Justice of the Peace may be legislator 3 4 7 Of General Assembly who are 5 1 1 Of Executive Department who are 3 8 1 Of Executive Department report suspension and removal ofiv 5 1 18 Profiting from use of public fund punishable 7 9 1 Extra compensation to after service prohibited 7 16 2 Not to be interested in Public Printing 7 17 1 Not to levy on Homestead 9 2 1 Of County election removal and disqualification of 11 2 1 Of county to be uniform except Commissioners 11 3 1 Now existing to continue till successor qualified 12 1 7 Order passed by Legislature must have Governors ap proval7Vv5 1 Ordinances rejected not to be again proposed unless by twothirds vote v 3 7 13 Must have but one subjectmatter and same as title 3 7 8 Of the Convention authority of v 12 1 3 OrdidancesConti nued 203 At O x Of the Convention to have effect of laws 12 1 8 See Ordinances in Appgnifix Ordinary Courts of parts of Judiciary6 1 1 Courts of jurisdiction 6 6 1 Term of office v 66 3 Origin of Government is with the people 11 l P Papers secure from search and seizure except as pro vided X 1 16 Pardon removes political disabilities of convict 2 2 1 Of Duelists removes political disabilities of convict 2 4 2 Power in Governor must report to the Legisla ure 5 1 12 Passage of bills readings necessary 3 7 7 Of Bills majority of all members necessary 7 14 Passenger Tariff restriction on iV 4 2 15 Paupers jurisdiction of Ordinary7 i 1 6 6 2 Affidavit relieves from costs in Supreme Court 6 H Tax for support of i b 9 7 q Paysee Compensation Salary Peace soldiers not to be quartered in houses in time of T 1 19 Governor is conservator of b 51 12 Penitentiary crimes punishable in to be tried in Superior Court 6 4 1 Per diem of members of the Legislatureb 3 9 1 x Rfuisites not allowed officers Executive Department 5 2 7 13 1 From use of pub ic funds by officers punishable 7 9 1 Persons and property to be protected by Government 1 1 2 Not to be molested ior religi tus opinions l 1 13 Rights notto be affected but by due process of law 1 13 May prosecute or defend in person or by attorney 114 Charged with offenses rights of 115 Life or liberty uot to be jeopardized but once for same crime 118 Houses and papers secure from illegal search I i 16 Personalty amount of exemption of from levy and sale 9 1 1 Petitions and remonstrance right of guaranteed 1 1 24 Pleas under oath in certain cases required c 4 7 Police of the State right of people to regulate 1 5 t Power not abridged in favor of corporations 4 2 Policyholders in Life Insurance Companies protected 3 12 13 Poll tax not to exceed one dollar 7 2 3 Goes to educational purposes 8 3 i A 8 ft Pructice in courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 I Precincts for elections how changed 3 7 16 President of Senate elected by Senate viva voce 3 6 2 Must sign acts 3 7 13 Per diem 3 9 1 Presides in joint session 3 10 1 Acts as Governor when 5 18 Press liberty of not to be curtailed 1 1 15 Printing public to be let to lowest bidder 7 17 1 Prisoners not to be abused 1 1 91 Tax for support of by counties 7 6 2 Private ways to be allowed only on compensation paid 1 3 1 Acts authority of 12 1 4 Eights accrued by law authority of 12 1 5 Privileges special not to be irrevocably granted 13 2 Special not be revoked so as to do injustice 13 3 Probate jurisdiction ip Ordinary 6 6 1 Proceedings of Legislature to be kept in journals 3 7 4 Of courts of same grade to be uniform 6 9 1 Process of law necessary to affect persons in their rights 113 Proclamation of Governor calling extra session 5 1 13 Of Governor on ratification of Constitution13 2 2 Prohibition writs of issued by Judge of Superior Court 6 4 5 Prolongation of Legislative session by twothirds vote 3 4 6 Resolutions not submitted to Governor 3 7 23 Promissory notes suits on where tried 6 16 5 Property of person not to be molested for religious opinions 1 1 13 Protection to shall be impartial and complete 112 Not taken for public use without compensation 13 1 Concealed by debtor to be reached by law 12 6 Of wife not subject to husbands debts 3 11 1 List of exempt from tax 7 2 2 Amount of exempt from levy and sale 9 1 1 Protection to person and property paramount duty of Government 11 2 Prosecution rights of defendants in cases of 11 5 Provision waiver of exemption of restricted 9 3 1 Public Funds embezzlement of disfranchises 2 2 1 Officer notto receive profit from use of 7 9 1 Treasurer not to receive profit from use of 5 2 5 See Money Public use of private property without compensation prohibited 1 3 1 Buildings jurisdiction of Ordinary 6 6 2 205 PublicContinued A 8 F Buildings tax by county for authorized 7 6 2 Debt and institutions tax for 7 11 Property charitable institutions and libraries exempt from tax 722 Printing let to lowest bidder 7 17 1 Printing officers of Government not to be interested in 7 17 1 School systemsee Education 8 11 Publication of ones sentiments right of not to be curtailed 1 1 15 Journal of General Assembly 3 7 4 Receipts and disbursements of Treasury 3 7 11 Intention to introduce Local Bills 3 7 15 Reports of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 7 15 1 Proposed amendment to Constitution 13 1 1 Punishment for crime by whipping or banishment prohibited 1 1 T For contempt by Courts limited 1 1 20 Not to be cruel or unusual 119 Purchase of State Bonds with sinking fund 7 14 1 Money homestead liable for 9 2 1 Purchaser of old homestead how affected 9 8 1 a Qualification for Governor 5 17 For Senator 2 5 1 For Representative 3 6 1 Each House to judge of as to its own members 3 7 1 Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 6 Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Solicitor and AttorneyGeneral 6 14 1 County officers 11 2 1 Quarantine tax by county for expenses of 7 6 2 Quorum of each branch of Legislature is a majority 3 4 4 Of Supreme Court 6 2 1 jR Railroad may be incorporated by Legislature 8 7 18 Freights and Tariff subject to legislationL 4 2 1 May build branch roads free from conditions of 4 2 3 Shall not deceive public as to rates 4 2 6 See Corporations Railway Street not to run in City without its consent 8 7 20 06 A S t Rates of freight and passage subject to legislation 4 2 1 Public not to be deceived as to amount charged 4 2 5 Realty Homestead of 9 1 1 Rebate of rates charged by Railroad not allowed 4 2 5 Recognizance when Legislature may relieve from forfeiture of 3 7 19 Reelection Governor not eligible for four years after two terms5 12 Registration of Electors may be required by law 2 2 1 Rejection of nomination by Senate effect of 5 1 15 Of bill by Legislature effect of 3 7 13 Religious opinion civil and political rights not affected by 0 11 13 Denomination not to receive money from State 1 1 14 Worship places of may be exempt from tax 7 2 2 Remittance of sentence in power of Governor ft 1 12 Of forfeited Charter only on conditions4 2 3 Remonstrance and petition right of guaranteed t 1 1 24 Removal of legislator from district vacates his seat 3 4 8 Of disabilities in power of GovernorS ft l w Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer ft 1 13 Of Justice of the Peace for malpractice 6 7 3 Of County Officers n 2 1 From office effect of Impeachment 3 5 5 rsepealing law form of 3 7 17 Reports of Insurance Companies to the Governor Iv1 3 12 ft Of Treasurer and Comptroller to the Governor 7 15 1 Representatives election and term of 3 4 12 Qualification ofiiiit 3 6 1 House of part of General Assembly 3 l l Number and Apportionment of members ofb 3 3 1 Apportionment how changed 3 3 2 Representatives House of Speaker of how elected 3 6 2 Clerk oi compensation and bond of 3 3 8 l Impeaching power vested in 3 6 3 Local and Special bills must originate in 3 7 15 Appropriation and Revenue bills must originate in 3 7 19 Journal ofsee Journal Representation of Constitutional Convention apportionment of 13 1 2 Reprieve in power of Governor 5 1 12 Residence requisite to vote 2 12 Resignation of Governor who acts in case of51 8 Resolutions of Appropriation must be passed by yeas and nays 3 7 12 207 ResolutionContinued A 8 Requiring Governors approval 5 1 17 Requiring a twothirds vote yeas and nays must be recorded 3 7 21 Having effect of law result of rejection 3 7 13 Retroactive legislation prohibited 13 2 Returns of election of Legislators each House to judge for itself 3 7 1 To whom made 2 6 1 Of Governor how made 5 14 Of Governor how published 5 15 Of Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 5 2 1 On Ratification of Constitution iL13 2 2 Revenue bills must originate in II use of Representatives 37 10 Deficiencies of in State supplied by loans 7 3 1 Deficiencies of in County or City 7 7 1 And roads County Commissioners for 11 3 i Rights not enumerated are not denied 1 5 2 Roads jurisdiction in Ordinary6 6 1 Tax for keeping up by County 7 g 2 And revenue County Commissioners for 11 3 1 S Sailor in U S Service not entitled to vote because not stationed herevc bfel 21 2 Salary of Governor j 5 1 2 Of Treasurer Secretary of State and Comptroller 5 2 234 Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and SolicitorsGeneral 0 13 1 Of Judges of Supreme and Superior Courts how changed6 13 2 Of State School Commissioner 8 2 1 Sale of States property proceeds to go to public debt 7 13 1 Exemptions from 9 11 Of homesteads how affected 9 3 1 Of old homesteads how affected9 9 1 Of old homestead heretofore made ratified 9 8 1 Savannah errors of City Court of corrected in Supreme Court 6 2 5 Scire Facias writ of issued by Judge SuperiorCourt 6 4b Schools Public how established by city or countyV 8 4 1 Public existing local system not affected 8 5 1 Hot public may share school fund when8 5 1 See i Education Seal Great use and design of 5 8 1 Search of persons houses and papers warrant for 1 1 18 8econds in Duel on conviction disqualified for office 2 4 2 208 Secretary of State returns of election to be made to Officer of Executive Department Election of Salary and Clerk hire of Eligibility and Bond of J Perquisites to forbidden Is keeper of Great Seal Senat compensation and bond of Governor compensation of Securities on forfeited recognizances when relieved Seizure of persons and papers provisions against Seminaries of learning may be exempt from tax Senate is a branch of General Assembly Consists of 44 members May propose amendments to appropriation and revenue bills Impeachments to be tried before Senate nomination rejected by effect of President and Secretary ofSee President and Secretary Senatorial Districts number composition and change of Senators number not to be increased Election and term of Qualification of Sentence commuted or remitted by Governor Servitude involuntary except as punishment for crime prohibited Sessions of General AssemblySee General Assembly Of Supreme Court Of Superior Court Of Justices Court Setting aside homestead laws to be p v led for Shares in one corporation not to be bougat by another to monopolize Shows special tax on goes to educational purposes Sinking fund provided for Site of county how changed Slavery forbidden Social status of citizens not subject of legislation Soldiers not to be quartered in private houses except when Of U S not to vote on account of being stationed here Artificial limbs for maimed Confederates A s p 2 1 5 1 1 5 2 1 5 2 3 5 2 6 5 2 7 5 3 1 3 8 1 5 1 19 3 7 19 1 1 16 7 2 2 3 1 1 3 2 1 3 7 10 3 5 3 5 1 3 2 1 23 3 2 3 3 4 12 3 5 1 5 1 12 1 1 17 6 2 5 6 4 8 6 7 2 9 4 1 4 2 4 8 3 1 7 14 1 11 1 4 1 1 17 1 1 18 1 1 19 2 1 2 7 1 1 209 SolicitorGeneral term of office and duties of Election by the Legislature Salary of A s p e n i2 6 12 1 Qualification of o 10 1 Speaker of House of Representatives how elected Must sign Acts 0 i4 1 3 6 2 Per diem of O lo Acts as Governor when o V 1 Special law not to he enacted when provision is in dc by general law Changing general law in particular cases how pa sol For benefit of corporation conditional Election of Governor 1 4 1 1 14 1 4 2 3 See Local Speech Liberty of not to be curtailed State aid to corporations or persons in any manner prohibited 1 1 15 State aid by donation prohibited To religious donation prohibited Printer office abolished p 1 7 16 1 1 1 14 state School Commissioner election and term statement of Treasurer to be published Stockholder In corporation State county or city not to 1 1 8 2 l 3 7 i i Street railroad not to run in city without consent of authorities 7 56 1 Suds may be brought by or against counties Agaidhhpfte t0 test void or Confederate bonds pro 3 7 20 11 1 1 See Venue Superior Court is part of Judiciary 7 11 l Jurisdiction of exclusive Oil Jurisdiction of general and appellate Jurisdiction of to issue extra writs Appeal and new trials in 0 4 1 6 4 34 6 4 5 Appeal from Ordinary to 0 4 6 Appeal from Justices to b b 1 Sessions of 6 7 2 Judge one for each circuit and term of Election of Salary and qualification of May change venue when May preside in Supreme Court when May preside in City Court when Appoints Notary Public ex officio Justice of the Peace Sanctions sale of Homesteads Supplemental Homestead laws to be provided for 14 lm 6 4 8 6 3 1 6 12 1 6 1314 1 6 17 1 6 2 2 65 1 6 8 1 9 38 1 9 5 1 210 a A 8 P Supreme Court part of Judiciary 6 1 Constitution of 6 2 1 Jurisdiction sessions and practice 6 2 5 6 7 Cost in and paupersaffidavit 6 21 1 Judges election and term 6 2 4 Judges election and vacancies how filled 6 12 1 Salary and qualification of Jjpfjj 14 j When disqualified in parricular case 6 2 2 Suspension from office of Secretary of State Comp troller and Treasurer 5 1 is T Tax to be paid before voting 2 1 2 Defaulters ineligible to Legislature 3 4 7 By county Ordinarys jurisdiction g g 2 By county or city to meet bonded indebtedness 7 7 2 J3y county or city for school purposes 8 4 1 By county limited to certain purposes 7 6 2 May be imposed by Legislature for what purpose 7 1 1 Must be uniform ad valorem and by gnral law 7 2 1 On domestic animals of vicious nature a 7 1 Exemptions from other exemptions yoid 7 2 94 Poll for educational purposes 7 2 3 Special for educational purposes 3 3 1 States power to impose not to be restrained 4 11 Of corporations not to be surrendered j 7 2 5 To raise a Sinking Fund 7 44 1 Lien good against Homestead 9 2 1 Act authority of 12 1 3 Act must originate in the House 3 7 10 Telegraph Companies may be incorporated by Legislature 3 7 18 Terms of office of Governor s j 0 Secretary of State Comptroller and Treasurer 2 1 Judge of Supreme Court g 2 4 Judge of Superior Court 3 j3 Justice of the Peace 6 7 l Ordinary6 g 3 Attorney and SolicitorGeneral g jgj j State School Commissioner g 0 County officers H 11 2 1 Members of General Assembly 3 4 1 Testimony criminating himself witness not obligedto give j 1 6 Title law must not contain matter different from 3 7 8 To land cases involving where brought 6 16 2 211 TitleContinued A Jks P To land cases involving jurisdiction in Superior Court 6 4 1 Treason what is and how convicted of 12 2 Conviction of disfranchises 2 2 1 Pardon respite or commutation for 5 1 12 Tr asurer election and term of office 5 2 1 Examination by Governor 5 1 18 Officer of Executive Department 5 11 Removal of 5 1 18 Salary and Clerks hire of 5 2 2 Perquisites not allowed 5 2 7 Fee other than salary not allowed to 5 2 5 Bond and qualification of 5 2 6 To receive deposits from Fire Insurance Companies 3 12 4 To make quarterly reports to Governor 7 15 1 And Governor authorized to loan Sinking Fund 7 14 1 Draw money from Treasury in what manner 3 7 11 Treaty force and authority of 12 1 1 Trial a speedy and impartial one is the right of defendant1 15 By jury remains inviolate 6 18 1 Tribunals in the various counties to be uniform 11 3 1 Trustees of the people public officers are Ill The University of Georgia may accept donations etc 8 6 1 Families of minor children entitled to Homestead 9 1 1 T7 Unexpired term of Governor special elections 5 19 Judges of Supreme Court 6 2 4 Judges Supreme and Superior Courts Attorney and SolicitorsGeneral jdtk 6 12 1 Uniformity required in operation of general laws 14 1 In cbunty officers and tribunals 11 3 1 In courts of same grade 6 9 1 In taxation 7 2 1 University of Georgia appropriation to 8 6 1 United States Constitution acts in violation of void 1 4 2 Treaties and laws authority ofi 12 1 1 Soldiers notentitled to vote for being stationed here 2 1 2 V Vacancy in office of Governor5 18 Judge of Supreme Court 6 2 4 Judge of Superior Court 6 3 2 Judge Supreme and Superior Courts and Solicitor General 6 12 1 212 VacancyContinued A 8 P Members General Assembly 6 1 13 Governor may fill when not otherwise provided 5 114 Validity of bonds not to be tried by Judge who is interested 6 2 3 Declared void by Constitution not subject to suit 7 11 1 Valuation of Homestead laws to be provided for 9 4 1 Venue in cases of divorce 6 16 1 Of land titles 6 16 2 Of Equity 6 16 3 Against joint obligors acceptors indorsers etc 6 16 46 Civil and criminal generally 6 16 6 Civil and criminal changed how 6 17 1 Verdicts j udgments without when 6 4 7 First and second in divorce cases 6 15 1 Veto of Governor overruled by twothirds vote 3 7 23 Viva voce voting by General Assembly 3 10 1 Void bonds of State not to be paid 7 ll 1 Volunteer companies organization of 10 1 2 Not paid unless called out by State 10 1 3 Vote by the people shall be by ballot 2 11 Who is entitled toGath of voter j 2 1 2 Who not entitled to 2 2 1 By General Assembly to be viva voce 3 10 1 Of twothirds being required yeas and nays must be recorded 3 7 21 Of twothirds being required does not do away with Governors approval 3 7 23 Of twothirds overrides Governors veto 3 7 23 Of General Assembly having effect of law submitted to Governor 5 l 17 Of General Assembly in elections must appear in House Journal 3 10 1 W Waiver of Homestead g 3 1 Of old exemption 9 5 1 War bonded debt may be increased for purposes of 7 12 1 Debt of county or city for may be assumed by State 7 8 1 Debt may be contracted to defend State in time of 7 3 1 Quartering soldiers in house in time of 1 1 19 Tax to defend State in time of 7 1 Warrant for search how obtained 1 16 Ways private may be granted after compensation paid 13 1 V earing apparel waiver of exemption on limited 9 3 1 Western Atlantic BR if sold proceeds how applied 7 13 1 213 A 8 Whipping as punishment lor crime prohibited 1 1 White and colored public schools to be separate 8 1 Widows pensions provided for 7 1 Wifes property is her separate estate after marriage 3 11 Wild Land Clerk compensation of 5 2 Witnesses in criminal cases rights of defendants as to 1 1 Not compelled to criminate themselves 1 1 Two necessary to convict of treason 1 2 Worship of God may be according to conscience 1 1 Place of may be exempt from tax 7 2 Y Yeas and Nays to be Recorded in Journal At request of onefifth 3 7 On appropriation bills and resolutions 3 7 When twothirds vote is required 3 7 On amendments to Constitution 13 1 p 7 1 1 1 4 5 6 2 12 2 6 12 21 1 HH