GEORGIA CRIMINAL JUSTICE DATA 1989 Published By The Georgia Bureau of Investigation July 1990 May 18, 1990 My Fellow Georgians: During 1989, we experienced another increase in the crime rate in Georgia. Many people became victims for t h e first time; others, unfortunately, were victims for t h e second o r third time. T h e challenge presented by t h e s e f a c t s emphasizes t h e importance of participation and cooperation by all components of t h e criminal justice system in providing for t h e protection of our citizens. With t h e help of reliable, accurate statistics, we can better identify the nature and extent of the problem. Furthermore, this data can assist decision makers in - improving t h e operation of t h e criminal justice system and in stemming o r reducing t h e c r i m e rate. By utilizing t h e information in Georgia Criminal J u s t i c e Data, 1989 the law enforcement community has a valuable resource which can hopefully 9 - aid their continuing efforts t o reduce crime in our state. With kindest regards, I remain a& Sincerely, Joe Frank Harris CONTENTS . Section 1 Law Enforcement Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Summary of Crime in Georgia Crimes..............................................................................................................................................................7 Arrests..............................................................................................................................................................7 Figure 1.1 - Reported Incidents of Crime ..................................................................................... 8 Figure 1.2 - Reported Arrests for Crimes ...................................................................................... 8 Incidents of Crime .................................................................................................................................................9 Summaryof Crime Characteristics......................................................................................................................9 Table 1.1 - Profile of Reported Index Crimes, Georgia 1989......................................................10 Profile of Index Crimes Murder and Non-Negligent Manslaughter Table 1.2 .Trends and Characteristics..........................................................................................1.1 Figure 1.3A - Five Year Trend, 1985- 1989........................................................................................12 Figure 1.3B - Weapon v p e , 1989......................................................................................................1..2 Figure 1.3C - Place of Occurrence, 1989.........................................................................................1..2. Rape Table 1.3 - Trends and Characteristics.........................................................................................1..3 Figure 1.4A - Five Year Trend, 1985- 1989.......................................................................................1.4 Figure 1.4B - Weapon Type, 1989.....................................................................................................1..4. Figure 1.4C - Place of Occurrence, 1989..........................................................................................1..4 Robbery Table 1.4 .Trends and Characteristics.........................................................................................1..5 Figure 1.5A - Five Year Trend, 1985- 1989.......................................................................................1.6 Figure 1.5B - Weapon v p e , 1989......................................................................................................1..6 Figure 1.5C - Place of Occurrence, 1989..........................................................................................1..6 Aggravated Assault Table 1.5 - Trends and Characteristics........................................................................................1..7. Figure 1.6A - Five Year Trend, 1985- 1989.....................................................................................1..8. Figure 1.6B - Weapon v p e , 1989.....................................................................................................1..8. Figure 1.6C - Place of Occurrence, 1989...........................................................................................1..8 Burglary Table 1.6 - Trends and Characteristics.........................................................................................1..9 Figure 1.7.4 - Five Year Trend, 1985- 1989......................................................................................2..0 Figure 1.7B - Place of Occurrence, 1989..........................................................................................2..0 Larceny Table 1.7 - Trends and Characteristics.........................................................................................2..1 Figure 1.8A - Five Year Trend, 1985- 1989........................................................................................22 Figure 1.8B - Criminal Activity, 1989...............................................................................................2..2. Figure 1.8C - Place of Occurrence, 1989.........................................................................................2.2.. Motor Vehicle Theft Table 1.8 - Trends and Characteristics.........................................................................................2..3 Figure 1.9A .Five Year Trend, 1985- 1989......................................................................................2..4 Figure 1.9B .Place of Occurrence, 1989..........................................................................................2..4 Arson Table 1.9 - Trends and Characteristics..........................................................................................2.5 Figure l.lOA - Five Year Trend, 1985- 1989......................................................................................2.6. Figure l.lOB - Place of Occurrence, 1989...........................................................................................2.6 Figure 1.11 .Percent of Total Index Crimcs. 1989............................................................................27 Table 1.10 .Characteristicsof Indcx Crimes. 1989........................................................................28 Geographical Distribution of Crime..................................................................................................................2.9. Table 1.11 .MSA/Non MSA. 1989...................................................................................................30 Table 1.12 .MSA/Non MSA Indcx Crime Rates. 1989Per 100.000 Persons .............................. 31 Crime Trends and Comparisons........................................................................................................................... 31 Changesin Crime Rates........................................................................................................................................31 Figure 1.12A .Index Crimes. Five Year Trend. 1985.1989..............................................................32 Figure 1.12B .Index Crime Rate. Five Year Trend. 1985.1989.......................................................32 Table 1.13 .Changes in Number of Index Crimes Georgia. 1985.1989..................................... 33 Table 1.14 .Changes in Index Crime Rates Per 100.000 Persons Georgia. 1985.1989.............34 Table 1.15 .Index Crime Trends Georgia, South. Nation. 1985.1989........................................35 Table 1.16 .Changes in Number of Index Crimes Georgia. South. Nation. 1985-1989............35 Figure 1.13 .Index Crimes. Five Year Trend Georgia. South. Nation. 1985.1989......................36 Table 1.17 .RelationshipBetween Crime and Population. Georgia. 1985.1989...................... 37 Figure 1.14A .Reported Index Crimes. 1985.1989........................................................................... 37 Figure 1.14B .Reported Index Crime Rates Per 100.000 Persons. 1985.1989.............................. 38 Profileof Non-Index Crimes................................................................................................................................. 39 Table 1.18 .Profile of Reported Non-Index Crimes. 1985.1989.................................................39 Figure 1.15 .Reported Non-Index Crime Incidents, 1985.1989................................................... 40 Table 1.19 .Profile of Reported Non-Index Crimes Statewide, 1988.1989............................... 40 CrimesAgainst Children....................................................................................................................................... 41 Table 1.20A .Reported Crimes Against Children Georgia. 1985.1989........................................ 42 Table 1.20B .Reported Arrests for Crimes Against Children Georgia, 1985.1989..............;.....42 Arrests For Crimes Trends. Characteristics. Comparisions .......................................................................................................4.3 Profile of Index Arrest Trends....................................................................................................................4..3 Figure 1.16 .Reported Index Arrests Five Year Trend. 1985.1989..............................................43 Figure 1.17A .Index Crime Arrests By Age. 1985..............................................................................44 Figure 1.17B .Index Crime Arrests By Age. 1989..............................................................................44 Profile of Index Arrest Trends by Age Group ............................................................................................ 45 Profile of Juvenile Arrests for Index Crimes............................................................................................... 45 Table 1.21 .Profile of Reported Arrests for Index Crimes 1985.1989.......................................46 Table 1.22 .Comparision of Reported Index Crimes and Arrests. 1985.1989.......................... 47 Table 1.23 .Comparision of Reported Crimes and Reported Arrests, 1989.............................. 48 Table 1.24 .Georgia Arrests for Index Crimes 1985.1989. by Age Group................................ 49 Table 1.25 .Profile of Persons Arrested by SpecificAge, Sex, Race, 1989.................................50 Table 1.26 .Arrest Rates Per 100,000 Persons by Specific Age, Sex, Race, 1989.......................51 Table 1.27 .Georgia Arrests for Index Crimes. 1985.1989.........................................................52 Profile of Non-Index Arrest Trends ...........................................................................................................5..3 Profile of Juvenile Arrests for Non-Index Crimes.....................................................................................5.3 Table 1.28 .Profile of Reported Non-Index Arrests. 1985.1989.................................................53 Figure 1.18 .Reported Non-Index Crime Arrests Five Year Trend, 1985.1989.........................54 Table 1.29 .Reported Non-Index Crime Arrests 1985.1989,by Age Group ............................54 Figure 1.19A .Non-Index Crime Arrests by Age, 1985.....................................................................55 Figure 1.19B .Non-Index Crime Arrests by Age. 1989......................................................................55 Table 1.30 .Reported Non-Index Arrests by Age, 1989................................................................56 Table 1.31 .Non-Index Arrest Rates Per 100.00 Persons 1989, by Age.......................................57 Table 1.32 .Non-Index Arrests Statewide by Sex and Race. 1989...............................................58 Drug Violations....................................................................................................................................................5..9 Table 1.33 .Reported Drug Arrests Statewide 1985.1989.......................................................... 59 Profile of Reported Clearances..........................................................................................................................6..0 Table 1.34 .Profile of Reported Index Crime Clearances. 1985.1989.......................................60 Figure 1.20 .Index Crime Clearances Five Year Trend. 1985.1989.............................................61 Table 1.35 .Profile of Reported Non-Index Clearances. 1985.1989........................................62 Figure 1.21 .Non-Index Crime Clearances Five Year Trend, 1985.1989....................................63 Table 1.36 .Clearance Rates Index Crimes. 1985.1989...............................................................64 Table 1.37 .Clearance Rates Non-Index Crimes, 1985.1989......................................................64 County Crime Reports.........................................................................................................................................6.5 Table 1.38A .County Crime Reports. Indcx Crimes. 1988.1989...................................................66 Table 138B .CountyCrimeReports, Non-Index Crimes, 1988.1989.......................................... 78 In Memoriam..........................................................................................................................................................100 OfficersKTFFiaigbliluleerdee1a113n..92d222ABAs...sRLaLuaaelwwpteoEdErntn.e.ff.do.o..rLr.c.c.ae.e.wm.m..E.ee..nnn..tt.f.OoO..r.ff.cf.f.eii.cc.m.ee..rer.s.sn..AKt..O.si.ls.f.la.ef.ui.dc.l.etF..er.i.dsv..eK.F..Yii.vl.l.ee.e.ad.Yr...a'eL..na.t.rde..Bn.A.d.e.s...n.s..a..d..u......l....t....e.....d.......,......1........9......8......5................1......9......8......9................................................................111100001332 Profile ofTTFF'iaaLgbbtiualleerfeef11ic..1144..F10223a4tal....it''FFillettaaaastt.ffaa.ff.ll.iii.Acct.i..eFFc..scaa..Iitt.dn.aa..vlel.ii.nott.ii.ltee.vs.ss.iI.nb.n1.gy.9v..8oDM.5.l.vU.o..i.nI.n1.,g.t9.h1.8D.9.91.8U.9..5..8..I...9,....1.1.....9.9.....88.....5.9.....................1.......9........8........9.................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................111110000055646 Table 1.42 Table 1.43 ..THroalfifdicayFlaftaalfifticesTboyll,M19o8n8th.,1L9o8c9a.t..i.o..n...a..n...d...'Q...p..e....1..9..8..8.......1..9..8..9...........................................................................110087 GeorgiaBureauof Investigation..........................................................................................................................109 Table 1.44 .Georgia Bureau of InvestigationProductivityData .1989 110 . Section2 Courts IntroCdouucrttisoDn.F.a.i.t.g.a.u....r...e......2.......1.......................G.......e....o....r....g....i..a......J....u....d......i..c....i...a....l....D.......i...s....t..r..i....c....t..s.............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................111..111344 Georgia's Superior Figure 2.2 Table 2.1 Courts .Superior Courts .filingddiipositions.. ...................................................................115 .CY 1988SuperiorCourt Caseload (Docket entries)...............................................116 Georgia's State Courts Table 2.2 .CY 1988 State Court Caseload .................................................................................... 118 Georgia's Probate Courts Table 2.3A .EY Table 2.3B .EY 1989 Probate 1989 Probate Court Court CCirvimil CinaasleCloaasedlo(Dadoc(Dkeotceknettrieenst)r.i.e..s..).....................................................................112119 Georgia's Juvenile Courts Table 2.4 .CY 1988Juvenile Court Caseload (Number of children) ........................................ 122 Georgia's Magistrate Table 2.5 Courts .EY 1989 Magistrate Court Caseload (Casesfiled)....................................................125 Georgia's Court of Table 2.6 Appeals .Court of Appeals Caseload: 1987 and 1988 (Docket entries)..................................128 Georgia's Supreme Court Table 2.7 .SupremeCourt Caseload: 1987and 1988(Docket entries).....................................129 . Section3 Corrections IntroCdourcrteicotnio...n..s..D....a..t.a...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................-........................................11..3334 PrisoTTnaabbPllreeo33f..i12le............CI.n..o.s.rt..ir.te.u.c..tt.i.io.o.n.n..P.a..lo..Ip.n..us..lt.a.i.tt.ui.o.t..in.o..bn..y.P..A.o..pg..u.e..l.aa..nt.i.do...nS..s.e.b.x.y.,..11..9[..8L..9p.e...,.....1....9....8....5.......-.....1....9....8....9..................................................................................................................... 134 134 135 Inmate Profile Table 33 Table 3.4 Figure 3.1 ...........III.nnn...mmm...aaa..ttt..eee..PPP...ooo..ppp..uuu...lll.aaa..ttt.iii.ooo..n.nn...bbb..yyy...RRR...aaa..ccc..eee..,.aa.A.nn..gdd..e..SS.a.ee.n.xx..d,,..11.S.99.e.88.x.59.,....1....9.1...8.9...9.8....9..............................................................................................................................................................................................................................111133336678 Table 3.5 Table 3.6 Table 3.7 Figure 3.2 Table 3.8 .Inmate Population by Most Serious Crime q p e . 1985.1989..................................138 .Inmate SentenceLength in Years. 1985.1989.......................................................... 139 .Inmate Sentence in Years by Age and Sex, 1989....................................................... 140 .Inmate SentenceLengths, 1989................................................................................... 141 .Inmate Crime Categories by Age and Sex, 1989........................................................ 142 ProbationProfile........................................................................................................................................... 143 Table 3.9 .Probation Population by Race and Sex, 1985.1989................................................. 143 Table 3.10 .Probation Population by Race, Age and Sex, 1989...................................................1.44 Figure 3.3 .Probation Population by Race and Sex, 1989............................................................. 144 Table 3.11 .Probation Population by Most Serious Crime Vpe, 1985.1989.............................145 Table 3.12 .Probation Population by Most Serious Crime Type, Age and Sex, 1989................145 Figure 3.4 .Probation Population by Crime Type, 1989................................................................146 Table 3.13 .Probation Population by Crime Category, Age and Sex, 1989.................................147 Table 3.14 .Active Probationers on First Offender Status. 1985.1989......................................148 Table 3.15 .First Offender by Age and Sex, 1989........................................................................... 148 . Section4 Pardons and Paroles Introduction................................................................................................................................................................... 151 Profile of Pardons and Paroles.............................................................................................................................151 Table 4.1 - Profile of Parole Board Activity, 1985- 1989.............................................................152 . Section5 Statementsfrom Senior Officials Attorney General. State of Georgia ..........................................................................................................................1..55 Chief Justice. Supreme Court of Georgia.................................................................................................................1..56 Director. Georgia Bureau of Investigation.................................................................................................................157 Commissioner. Georgia Department of Public Safety..............................................................................................158 President. GeorgiaAssociation of Chiefs of Police.................................................................................................1..60 President. Georgia Sheriffs' Association...................................................................................................................161 Director, AdministrativeOfficeof the Courts..........................................................................................................1.63 Commissioner, Department of Corrections...............................................................................................................164 Chairman, State Board of Pardons and Paroles.........................................................................................................165 INTRODUCTION Georgia Criminal Justice Data, 1989 is published by the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. This publication represents the cooperation of many agencies and organizations withinstategovernment,asit is a compilationof information from multiple segments of Georgia's criminal justice system. The reporting and analysis of the occurrence of specific crimes and subsequent arrests is the point of entrance for an individual into Georgia's criminaljustice system. Georgia Criminal Justice Data, 1989 is designed to reflect the totality of the system. It proposes to contribute to the basic understanding and knowledge of just what that system includes and what it does. This publication provides a basic description of the functions of the criminaljustice system, and portrays statistically through graphs, charts and tables essential work load data. As more extensive and accurate reporting systems are developed, this publication will continue toward a more comprehensive effort, capable of tracking individuals through the entirejustice systemand communicating a clear picture of the system's collective efforts to control crime. This publication is organized into four divisions: law enforcement, the courts, corrections and pardons and paroles. The information is organized in a manner consistent with the movement of an offender through the criminal justice system. Analyses of data are made solely from data collected from each major component of the system and are confined to that component. In some instances, the amount of data is rather voluminous; in others it is minimal. Each section of this publication begins with a brief description of the overall structure of a component, followedby the method by which its relevant data are collected and processed. Following this overview is a presentation of the compiled data and, where appropriate, an analysis of that data.The concludingsection containsstatementsof officials representing each major component, addressing critical topics relevant to Georgia's criminaljustice system. 1. LAW ENFORCEMENT INTRODUCTION The law enforcement powers of the State of Georgia are a function of the executivebranch of government.In order to exercise enforcement powers, the state grants the power of arrest to some 784 active law enforcement agencies which can be grouped into seven major categories: (1) state agencies, (2) municipal agencies, (3) county police agencies, (4) county sheriff departments, (5) campus agencies, (6) state authorities' and institutions' agencies and (7) other agencies. These agencies employ 27,786 certified officers. The majority of law enforcementfunctionsare delegated to the respectivecountiesand municipalitiesby the state. Most law enforcement work is done at the local level; the bulk of money allocated, the majority of personnel employed, and the greatest portion of work load measures are generated locally.The state retains certain specializedresponsibilities because agreat deal of variation existsbetween countiesand municipalities in the provision of police services, and because the type of services provided changes over time. State Law Enforcement Agencies The primary roles of state level law enforcement agencies are to provide technical assistance to local agencies and to provide services in highly specialized operational areas. Examples of these services are: investigative assistance, laboratory analysis of physical evidence through the Division of Forensic Sciences, training, management consulting and the collection and analyses of crime data and criminal history information through the Georgia Crime Information Center. In addition, the state engages in operational law enforcement functions in specialized areas. Workload measures generated by the state's six major law enforcement agencies, employing 1,881 officers with arrest powers, are included with the data in this report. These state agencies are: 1.The Georgia State Patrol, whose primary legal responsibility is traffic enforcement and highway safety. Its duties are performed by 847 certified officers assigned to 48 Patrol Posts located throughout Georgia. In addition to traffic enforcement the Georgia State Patrol has initiated a highly successful program to "look beyond the ticket" which has resulted in numerous arrests for narcotics trafficking and other felony violations. 2. The Georgia Bureau of Investigation whose primary focus is on general investigations and narcotics enforcement. Its duties are performed by 252 certified special agentsand 48 narcotics agents. There are 13regional offices and four regional drug enforcement offices located throughout Georgia and various special units working out of headquarters. Additionally, the G.B.I. operates the Divisionof Forensic Sciences,5 branch laboratories and the Georgia Crime Information Center. 3. The Department of Natural Resources, Game and Fish Division's Law Enforcement Unit whose primary focus is the enforcement of all laws relating to game and fish, boating and water safety regulation. Its duties are performed by 415 certified conservationrangers assigned to the 159counties in Georgia. 4. The Department of Revenue, Alcohol, Tobacco Tax Unit whose primary focus is the enforcement of laws pertaining to the payment of any tax duties due the department. The unit shares concurrent jurisdictionwith the Georgia Bureau of Investigation for statewide enforcement of all laws related to the manufacture, sale, transportation and possession of beverage alcohol and tobacco. Its duties are performed by 30 certified law enforcement agents. 5. The Investigation Division, State Examining Boards, and the Securities Investigation Unit, Secretary of State, whose primary focus is on the investigation of misdemeanor and felony violations of laws governing the licensing of certain professions (i.e., doctors, pharmacists, private detectives, etc.), verification and enforcement of provisions of the State Elections Code and the enforcement of securities regulation laws. Its duties are performed by 32 certified investigators based in Atlanta. 6. The Permits and Enforcement Division, Department of Transportation whose primary focus is the enforcement of regulationsgoverningthe sizeand weight of vehiclesoperating on public roads, the enforcement of licensing and fuel tax registration requirements and the enforcement of all state laws on properties owned or controlled by the Department of Transportation. Its duties are performed by 305 certified officers located in state highway districts. In addition to the law enforcement agencies identified above, the state maintains a variety of other specialized agencies which are vested with arrest powers. These agencies are included in one of the other categories enumerated below (i.e., campus police, authority police, Georgia Drugs and Narcotics Agency, State Fire Marshal, Farmer's Market Police, etc.). Local Law Enforcement Agencies The primary role of local law enforcement departments is to provide police service to the citizens of an agency's geographically defined jurisdiction. These services are provided by one or more of the three types of local agencies: municipal police departments, county police departments and county sheriffs' departments. In Georgia there are 541 local law enforcement agencies which employ 15,573 certified officers with arrest powers. 1. Municipal Police Departments - Municipal police departments derive law enforcement powers through delegationfrom the state under the constitutionalprinciple of "home rule", or local autonomy. These agencies are generally responsible for the enforcement of all state criminal laws, traffic laws and municipal ordinances. Municipal police departments employ more law enforcement officersthan any other type of agency. Presently, 365 municipalities fund police departments which employ 7,715 certifiedofficers. These departments range in size from 1to 1,405 officers with the majority having 25 or fewer sworn officers. 2. County Sheriffs' Departments - The office of Sheriff in Georgia is considered to be both a constitutional and county office. Each sheriff derives his law enforcement powers from laws enacted by the General Assembly in accordance with the 1983Constitution of the State of Georgia. Sworn deputies derive arrest powers from the sheriff. Each of Georgia's 159counties has a sheriff whose principal duties involve serving as: (1) the chief law enforcement officer of the county, (2) an officer of the county courts and (3) the officialjailer of the county. Georgia sheriffs' departments employ 5,704 certified officers authorized to enforce state criminallawsandcountyordinanceswhen authorizedby the county commission or local acts of the General Assembly. In the 17countiescontainingcountypolice departments,the sheriff's department tends to focus on the duties of jail operations and service to the courts. - 3. County Police Departments County police agencies derive law enforcement powers under the constitutional principle of "homerulenand acts of the countycommission. They are generallyempowered to enforce all state criminal laws, trafficlawsandcountyordinances.Therearecurrently 17county police departments in the state which employ a total of 2,W certified officers. Campus Law Enforcement Agencies Educational institutions within the State of Georgia have the authority to establish law enforcement agencies with powers similar to those of other state and local law enforcement agencies. These agencies are grouped as: 1.Stateoperatedcollegesand universities, operatingunder the authority of the Board of Regents, employ police officers and other security personnel with arrest powers for criminal and traffic violations committed upon property under the jurisdiction of the Board of Regents and upon public or private property within 500 yards of property under the jurisdiction of the board. 2. Privatecollegesand universitiesoperateunder the police powersof theStateBoardof Education.Theyemploypolice officerswho have the power of arrest for state criminal and traffic violations committed on the grounds or buildings of the particular educational facility and upon any public or private property within 500 yards of the facility. There are currently 45 campus police agencies within the state which employ a total of 601 certified police officers. Other Law EnforcementAgencies Various independent statutes within the Official Code of Georgiagrant degrees of arrest power to certainemployees of state, local and private agencies, which do not lend themselves to easy categorization. These employees range from county marshals, to court officers, to investigators employed by district attorneys and solicitors, to railroad police officers and others. The number of agencies and officers that fall in this category are currently unknown. Law Enforcement, Crime Data Reporting, Collection and Interpretation Georgia's crime reporting system is derived from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Two types of crime data are collected from Georgia's law enforcement agencies utilizing standardizeddefinitionsand procedures. The first type of data collected represent offenses which include counts for the crimes of murder and non-negligent manslaughter, forcible rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft and arson. The first four offenses are violent crimes or crimes against persons; the remaining four are property crimes. Because of their seriousness,frequencyof occurrenceandlikelihoodof being reported, these crimes are thought of as an index of the crime problem. Consequently, these offenses are often referred to as Index crimes. Counts for less serious crimes, often referred to as Non-Index crimes, are also collected and analyzed. The law enforcement data in this publication are provided from twq sources, the Georgia Crime Information Center and the Georgia Department of Public Safety. The primary responsibility for collecting and reporting data relating to criminal violations, traffic accidents and traffic violations falls upon the agency in whose jurisdiction the violations occur. A myriad of 784 law enforcement agencies collect and report data to the two state agencies responsible for collating and analyzing this information. This information is compiled and analyzed in publications such as Georgia Criminal Justice Data, as well as in specific reports used for policy decisions and research activities. State Authorities' and Institutions' Law Enforcement Agencies Various state statutes creating specific authorities (i.e., Stone Mountain Authority, Lake Lanier Islands Authority, Georgia Ports Authority, MARTA, etc.) and those statutes whichgovern certaintypes of institutions(i.e., CentralState Hospital, Youth Development Centers, etc.) empower some of these agencies to employ police officers. These officersare empoweredto enforcestatecriminal and traffic laws on the property of the institution or the authority's jurisdiction. Thereare currently22policeagenciesin Georgiaunder this category.Theseagenciesemploya total of487 certified police officers. Thereare an additional 5,581certified correctional officers who work in institutional settings, 1,257 certified probation officers and 414 certified parole officers. These officers round out the population of Georgia's certified peace officers. These employees have not been included in the total number of police officersbecause they are included within the Correctionssection of this publication. TheGeorgiacrimestatisticsprovided in this publication are derivedfromactualreports submittedto the GeorgiaCrime InformationCenter by law enforcementagencies statewide. TheFBI provides statisticaldata on criminalactivitynationwide. Those tables comparing criminal activity in Georgia with that of the south and the nation use FBI statistical data for comparisons. State law requires all criminal justice agencies to submit to the Georgia Crime Information Center information concerningcrimesreported by the public and crimesotherwise processed by these agencies. Law enforcement agencies must also submit fingerprints and other identifyingdata on persons arrested within their jurisdictions. These reports are collected on forms or in a format prescribed by the Georgia Crime Information Center. The validity of this information is dependent upon the original sources of the information --the law enforcement agencies located throughout the state. State law also requires the submission of certain types of data on traffic accidents and traffic law violations to the Department of Public Safety. All data concerning traffic accidents and violations contained in this report are obtained from the Department of Public Safety. Crime Data Interpretation ing if the accompanyingdemographicchanges are not considered. All crime figures cited are reliable indications of crime only to the extent that crimes are reported by victims and the UniformCrime Reports are submitted to the Georgia Crime Information Center by law enforcement agencies. Several precautions in interpreting crime data should be observed. First, it is well established that many more crimes occur than are reported. Thus, depending on the trpe of crime and type of victim, statistics based on the number of crimes reported to law enforcement agencies may underestimate the number of crimes that actually take place. Because the size and variation of this "hidden figure of crime" is not known, caution should be exercised in assuming that changes in crime trends reflect changes in criminal behavior. Second, these reports of crime are submitted by local and state agencies to the Georgia Crime Information Center. The reports are edited and screened for inclusion in the Uniform Crime Reporting statistics. The editing, which standardizes the reports according to Uniform Crime Reporting specifications, will sometimes result in variance between figures maintained in the Georgia Crime Information Center's statisticalfile and those maintainedby state or local agencies. In spite of these limitations, the state's crime statistics data base is the best availablesource when describingGeorgia's crime problem over time. SUMMARY OF CRIME IN GEORGIA Crimes In 1989,448,295Indexand 395,422Non-Indexoffenseswere reported by Georgia law enforcement agencies. Figure 1.1 displays the trends in both Index, Non-Index and combined offenses from 1985-1989. While Index offenses increased each year, the largest percentage increase (12.9%) occurred in 1989when reported offensesjumped by 51,166over 1988. Non-Index offenses also show a steady increase, except for 1986when DUI offense totalswere not tabulated.Although the 1989 total of 395,422 reported offenses is the highest of the five year period, the largest percentage increase occurred in 1988when offenses jumped by 50,220 or 15.8%. Third, variance occurs between the Georgia Crime Information Center's figures and those released by the FBI. The Georgia Crime Information Center does not include estimates for incidents or arrests that occur but are not reported. Such estimates are included in the FBI's Crime in the United States. Again, changesin the number of reported incidents and arrests may not necessarily reflect the actual level of change in law enforcement activity. Fourth, there is evidence that changes in the actual number of crimes committed normally coincide with changes in population demographics. Accordingly, historical comparisons of the number of crimes reported may be mislead- Arrests In 1989, law enforcement agencies reported 78,333 arrests for Index offenses and 283,680 arrests for Non-Index offenses. Figure 1.2 displays the arrest trends for the two crime categories as well as a combined total for all crimes. Arrests for Index offenses have increased each year during the five year period. The largest percentage increase (19.3%) occurred in 1988when reported arrests rose by 10,852.Similar to the Non-Indexoffense scenario,the 1989total of 283,680 reported arrests is the highest of the five year period, yet the largest percentage increase occurred in 1988 when arrests jumped by 25,861 or 11.1%. Figure 1.1 REPORTED INCIDENTS OF CRIME INDEX, NON-INDEX, TOTAL, 1985-1989 NUMBER REPORTED 900,000 1 400,000-- 300,000- - 200,000 I 1985 I 1986 1987 I 1988 + I 1989 INDEX 296,304 329.144 NON-INDEX 282,549 240.003 TOTAL 578,853 569,147 358,842 317,771 676,613 397,129 367,991 765,120 448,295 396,422 843,717 I +INDEX YEAR - - I NON-INDEX TOTAL 1986 Non-lndex total does not Include DUI whlch Is unavailable. Figure 1.2 REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMES INDEX, NON-INDEX, TOTAL, 1985-1989 NUMBER REPORTED 400,000 1 0 INDEX NON-INDEX TOTAL I 1986 I 1986 I I 1987 I I 1988 I I 1989 52,843 226,077 278,920 64,493 171,357 226,860 66,160 233,818 289,968 67,002 269,679 326,681 78,333 283,680 362,013 - +INDEX - YEAR NON-INDEX -TOTAL Source: Georgla Crime lnformatlon Center INCIDENTS OF CRIME: CHARACTERISTICS, TRENDS, COMPARISONS Profile of Index Crime in Georgia In 1989, Georgians reported 448,295 Index crimes to law enforcement agencies (See Table 1.1). Included were 809 murders, 3,237 forcible rapes, 17,322 robberies, 26,192 aggravated assaults, 107,761 burglaries, 251,333 larcenies, 40,200 motor vehicle thefts and 1,441 arsons. Larcenies accounted for the highest percentage (56.1%) of the total number of Index crimes, and burglariesmade up the second highest category(24.0%). Overall, 10.6percent of the Index crimes were violent crimes committed against persons; 89.4 percent were property offenses. While counts for the eight Index crimes illustrate Georgia's crime problem, the nature of serious criminal behavior can be further identified by examining pertinent details of individual crimes (See Tables 1.2 - 1.9). Summary of Crime Characteristics, 1989 The crimes of murder, forciblerape and agravated assault typically involve people who know one another or have had previous contact (See Table 1.10). On the other hand, robberies, burglaries, larcenies and motor vehicle thefts are ususally committed by strangers. Weapon type and crime can also be correlated. In crimes of murder and robbery, firearms are the most frequentlyused weapon (56.0% and 37.4%, respectively). Similarly, the weapon most used in the crime of forcible rape is handslfists, etc. (44.9%). In the crime of aggravated assault, other dangerous weapons is the most frequent type used (37.2%). In 1989, $533,772,806 in property was reported stolen during the commission of Index crimes. Larceny accounted for the greatest loss ($221,139,046) followed by motor vehicle theft ($219,866,015), burglary ($85,161,887) and robbery ($7,452,691). The average value of property stolen during each motor vehicle theft was $5,469, compared to $880 during each larceny, $790 during each burglary and $430 during each robbery. With the exception of robbery, which is more likely to take place in a street or alley, most Index crimesoccur in residences or parks, public buildings and other places. Business establishments, chain stores, service stations and banks are generally less likely places of occurrence for Index crimes. Table 1.1 PROFILE OF REPORTED INDEX CRIMES, GEORGIA 1989 Crime Murder Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Total Violent Crime Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Total Property Crime Total Index Crime Reported % Of Total Rate Per 100,000 47,560 10.6 739.0 400,735 448,295 89.4 100.0 6,226.5 6,965.4 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 1.2 DEFINITION Murder and non-negligent manslaughter are defined as the willful killing of one human being by another. Deaths caused by negligence, suicide, accident, or justifiable homicide are not included in the count for this offense classification. Attempts to murder or assaults to murder are scored as aggravated assaults and not as murder. TREND Year Number % Change frhm Rate per % of Total Reported Reported Previous Year 100,000 Index Crimes Percentage change from 1985to 1989 --- in number of reported crimes: 34.2 --- in rate per 100,000:24.5 CHARACTERISTICS, 1989 Victim-Offender Relationship Type Weapon Used 58.7% 35.2% 6.1% Place of Occurrence 455% 40.2% 7.5% 6.8% Months of Highest Occurrence 9.6% 8.9% 8.9% Value of Property Stolen $37,385.00Total $46.00Per Incident Profile of Persons Arrested Unknown NonStranger to NonStranger Stranger to Stranger Firearm Cuttin Tool Other%angemus Weapon Unknown Hands, Fists, etc. Parks, Public Buildings and Other Places Residence Street, Alley Business Establishment July August September Reported Arrests 765 Age 3.4% 225% -16 and Under 17 21 27 - 3i 32 - 36 37 and over Arrest/Crimes Ratio .94 Sex: Male Female 82.4% 17.6% Race: White 36.1% Non-White 63.9% Note: Due to rounding,rrcentaGes do not always total 100% Source: Georgia Crime nformat~onCenter Figure 1.3A MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 900 860 -- 800 -- 760 -700 -- 7 18 808, 705 550 -- 500 1985 I 1886 I I 1987 YEAR I 1888 1889 Figures 1.3B-1.3C WEAPON TYPE, 1989 Flreerm 68.0% W lsn og Other 126% Hands, Fists, e k 4.4% n PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1989 Publlc Area Real 40.2% Table 1.3 DEFINITION Forcible rape is the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. This category includes assaults or attempts to commit forciblerape by force or threat of force, but not statutory rape (without force) and other sex offenses. Year Number Reported TREND % Change from Previous Year Rate per 100,000 % of Total Reported Index Crimes Percentage change from 1985to 1989 --- innumber of reported crimes: 15.4 --- in rate per 100,000: 6.8 CHARACTERISTICS. 1989 Victim-Offender Relationship Type Weapon Used 44.070 28.2% 27.8% Place of Occurrence Months of Highest Occurrence Value of Property Stolen $115,782.00 Total $36.00Per Incident Profile of Persons Arrested Non-Stranger to Non-Stranger Unknown Stranger to Stranger Hands, Fists, etc. Other DangerousWeapon Unknown Cutting Tool Fiream Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence Street, Alley Business Establishment July September October Reported Arrests 1,200 ArrestICrimesRatio .37 Age 4.3% 19.5% 22.370 --16 and Under 17 21 22 26 27- 31 32-36 37 and over Sex: Male 98.3% Female 1.7% Race: White 27.1% Non-White 72.970 Note: Due to rounding, Y t a F e s do not always total 10070. Source: Georgia Crime nformation Center. Figure 1.4A FORCIBLE RAPE FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 3,300 3,200 1987 YEAR 1988 1989 Figures 1.4B-1.4C WEAPCnV TYPE, 1989 Hand8, Flsts, etc. Other 260!& Unknown 148% PMCE OF OCCURRENCE, 1989 Public Area A Table 1.4 1 I ROBBERY DEFINITION Robbery is the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence andlor by putting the victim in fear. TREND Year Number % Change from Rate per % of Total Reported Reported Previous Year l00,OOO Index Crimes Percentage change from 1985to 1989 --- in number of reported crimes: 71.9 --- in rate per 100,000: 59.1 CHARACTERISTICS. 1989 Victim-Offender Relationship Type Weapon Used 49.2% 37.6% 13.2% Place of Occurrence Months of Highest Occurrence 9.4% 8.8% 8.7% Value of Property Stolen During Offense $7,452,691.00Total $430.00 Per Incident Profile of Persons Arrested Reported Arrests 4,474 Strangerto Stranger Unknown Non-Stranger to Non-Stranger Firearm Hands, Fist, etc. Other DangerousWeapon Cutting Tool Unknown Street, Alley Business Ektablishment Residence Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Janua~y July October ArrestICrimes Ratio .25 5.7% Age 25.2% 26.4% 20.3% 12.8% 9.6% 16 17 22 27 32 a---- n2233d6161 Under 37 and over Sex: Male 92.6% Female 7.4% Race: White 145% Non-White 855% Note: Due to rounding,fercentaps do not always total 100%. Source: Georgia Crime nformat~onCenter. 15 Figure 1.5A ROBBERY FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 18,000 17.000 -- 16,000 -- 13.000 -- 13,316 13,222 10,078 9,000 1886 I I 1886 I 1887 YEAR I 1888 1988 Figures 1.5B-1.5C Hands, Flsts, etc 321% Flreerrn Unknown (X8% Other 2a2% Business 37.7% Street 11.0% Table 1.5 DEFINITION Aggravated assault is the unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe bodily injury. This type of assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or other means likely to produce death or serious bodily harm. Attempts are included since it is not necessary that an injury result when a gun, knife, or other weapon is used which could and probably would result in serious personal injury if the crime is successfully completed. Year Number Reported TREND - % Change frdm Previous Year Rate per 100,000 % of Total Reported Index Crimes Percentage change from 1985to 1989 --- in number of reported crimes: 56.5 --- in rate per 100,000: 44.9 CHARACTERISTICS, 1989 Victim-Offender Relationship Type Weapon Used Place of Occurrence Months of Highest Occurrence Profile of Persons Arrested Reported Arrests 14,589 45.9% 3.1% 11.2% 8.8% Non-Stranger to Non-Stranger Unknown Stranger to Stranger Other Dangerous Weapon Firearm Cutting Tool Hands, Fists, etc. Unknown Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence Street, Alley Business Establishment July May June ArrestICrimes Ratio .55 Age 4.3% 16 and Under Sex: Male Female 82.1% 17.9% 14.1% 25.0% 32 - 36 37 and over Race: White 31.0% Non-White 69.0% Note: Due to rounding, percentages d o not always total 100%. Source: Georgia Crime Information Center. Figure 1.6A AGGRAVATED ASSAULT FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 28,000 1986 1086 1087 YEAR 1088 1889 F i r e s 1.6B-1.6C WUPON TYPE, 1989 Flrearrn 30.4% Other U n k w n Q6% Hands, flst. etc. 8.4% CUttlng Tool PlACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1989 PuMlc Area 11.2% Table 1.6 1 BURGLARY 1 DEFINITION Burglary is defined as the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft. The use of force to gain entry is not required to classify the crime as a burglary. Year Number Reported TREND % Change ffrbm Previous Year Rate per 100,000 % of Total Reported Index Crimes Percentage change from 1985to 1989 --- in number of reported crimes: 38.5 -- in rate per 100,000: 28.2 CHARACTERISTICS, 1989 Victim-Offender Relationship Place of Occurrence Months of Highest Occurrence 9.8% 9.8% 9.1% Value of Property Stolen During Offense $85,161,887.00Total $790.00 Per Incident Unknown Stran er to Stranger ~ o n 3 t r a n ~teo rNonStranger Residence Business Establishment Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Street, Alley August July September Profile of Persons Arrested Reported Arrests 11,910 8.0% 30.0% 19.4% 10.8% 9.8% Age -16and Under 17 21 - -- -. 27 31 32 - 36 37 and over ArrestICrimesRatio .ll Sex: Male Female 92.870 7.2% Race: White 40.3% Non-White 59.7% Note: Due to rounding, rcentages do not always total 100%. Source: Georgia Crime gformation Center. Figure 1.7A BURGLARY FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 1 10,000 105,000-- 1 00,000- - 95,000-- 90,000-- 75,000 1986 I 1986 I 1987 YEAR I 1988 1989 Figure 1.7B PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1989 Business 20.6% Street 0.2% Public Area 13.4% Table 1.7 DEFINITION Larceny is the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another. It includes crimes as shoplifting,pocket-picking,purse-snatching,thefts from motor vehicles, thefts of motor vehicle parts and accessories, bicycle thefts, etc., in which no use of force, violence, or fraud occurs. Year Number Reported TREND % Change from Previous Year Rate per 100,000 % of Total Reported Index Crimes Percentage change from 1985 to 1989 --- in number of reported crimes: 53.1 --- in rate per 100,000: 41.7 CHARACTERISTICS, 1989 Victim-Offender Relationship Criminal Activity 68.670 22.7% 8.7% Place of Occurrence Months of Highest Occurrence Value of Property Stolen During Offense $221,139,046.00 Total $880.00 Per Incident Profile of Persons Arrested Reported Arrests 41,589 Age 6.370 24.3% 16 and Under 17 - 21 27 -31 32-36 37 and over Unknown Stranger to Stranger Non-Stranger to Non-Stranger Other Thefts From Motor VehicleIAuto Accessories Shoplifting From Building Bicycles Purse Snatching From Coin Machines Pocket-picking Businesss Establishment Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence Street, Alley May July August ArrestICrimes Ratio .16 Sex: Male Female 69.9% 30.1% Race: White 37.3% Non-White 62.7% Note: Due to rounding, rcentages do not always total 100%. Source: Georgia Crime Eformation Center. Figure 1.8A LARCENY FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 260,000 240,000 - 220,000 - - - 200,000 - 1886 1887 YEAR 1888 l08Q Figures 1.8B-1.8C Table 1.8 DEFINITION Motor vehicle theft is defined as the theft or attempted theft of a motor vehicle. This definition excludes taking for temporary use by those persons having lawful access to the vehicle. Year Number Reported TREND % Change from Previous Year Rate per 100,000 % of Total Reported Index Crimes Percentage change from 1985to 1989 --- in number of reported crimes: 75.8 --- in rate per 100,000: 62.7 CHARACTERISTICS, 1989 Victim-Offender Relationship Place of Occurrence 75.3% 13.6% 11.1% Months of Highest Occurrence 9.5% 9.3% 9.3% Value of Property Stolen During Offense $219,866,015.00Total $5,469.00Per Incident Unknown Stran er to Stranger ~ o n j t r a n ~teo rNonStranger Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Residence Business Establishment Street, Alley July October August Profile of Persons Arrested Reported Arrests 3,724 ArrestICrimes Ratio .09 13.7% 31.6% 18.7% 16.0% 9.8% 10.2% Age 16 17 22 27 a--- n223d116 Under 32 - 36 37 and over Sex: Male Female 91.1% 8.9% Race: White 29.4% Non-White 70.6% Note: Due to rounding, rcentages do not always total 100%. Source: Georgia Crime Eformation Center. Figure 1.9A MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 46,000 40,000 - 36,000 - 30,000 - - 22,888 20,000 1086 I I 1088 I I 1087 YEAR I I 1088 1080 Figure 1.9B PLACE OF OCCURRENCE. 1989 Public Area Residence 32.0% 21.4% Table 1.9 DEFINITION Arson is defined as any willful or maliciousburning or attempt to burn, with or without intent to defraud, a dwelling house, public building, motor vehicle or aircraft, personal property of another, etc. Only fires determined through investigation to have been willfully or maliciously set are classified as arsons. Fires of suspiciousor unknown origins are excluded. Year Number Reported TREND % Change from Previous Year Rate per 100,000 % of Total Reported Index Crimes Percentage change from 1985 to 1989 --- in number of reported crimes: 14.0 --- in rate per 100,000: 5.6 CHARACTERISTICS, 1989 Victim-Offender Relationship Place of Occurrence Months of Highest Occurrence 71.5% 17.5% 11.0% 9.6% 9.4% 9.3% Unknown NonStranger to NonStranger Stranger to Stranger Residence Parks, Public Buildings, and Other Places Business Establishment Street, Alley May August July Profile of Persons Arrested Reported Arrests 423 4.0% 215% 20.3% 18.7% 11.8% 23.6% Age 16 and Under -17 21 -22 27 - 26 31 -32 36 37 and over ArresVCrimes Ratio .29 Sex Male 80.6% Female 19.4% Race: White 50.8% Non-White 49.2% Note: Due to rounding,facentages do not always total l W o . Source: Georgia Crime nfonnat~onCenter. Figure l.lOA ARSON FIVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 1.500 1,000 1886 1086 '1987 YEAR 1988 Figure l.lOB ARSON PLACE OF OCCURRENCE, 1989 I Residence I Figure 1.11 PERCENT OF TOTAL INDEX CRIMES, 1989 MURDER ARSON RAPE ROBBERY AOORWEO ASSAULT MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT BUROLARY LARCENY k!%8 PERCENT OF TOTAL Table 1.10 CHARACTERISTICS OF INDEX CRIMES, 1989 Murder VICTIM-OFFENDER RELATIONSHIP IRe orted Stranger to tranger 6.1% Reported Non- Sotnra-n&erarntoger 35.2% Relationship not known WEAPON USED Firearm 56.0% Cutting tool 15.0% Hands, fists, etc. 4.4% Other dangerous weapons Unknown 12.0% PROPERTY STOLEN Total value $37,385 Value per incident PLACE OF OCCURRENCE Street, alley 7.5% Service station 0.1% Chain store Bank Other commercial business 0.5% 0.0% 6.2% Residence 40.2% Public areas. other buildings, & unknown Forcible Robbery Rape 27.8% 49.2% 44.0% 13.2% 7.0% 8.3% 44.9% 37.4% 9.4% 32.1% 14.8% 0.8% $115,782 $7,452,691 9.2% 0.2% 0.5% 0.1% 5.4% 42.0% 39.3% 2.2% 12.8% 1.4% 21.3% 11.6% Aggravated Burglary Larceny Assault Motor Vehicle Arson Theft 14.7% 12.7% 22.7% 55.0% 5.7% 8.7% 13.6% 11.1% 17.5% 30.4% 23.5% 8.4% 0.5% $85,161,887 $221,139,046 $219,866,015 11.2% 0.3% 1.3% 0.2% 7.0% 34.1% 0.2% 0.4% 1.4% 0.2% 18.6% 65.7% 2.6% 2.2% 8.7% 0.2% 25.1% 29.0% 5.8% 0.7% 1.3% 0.2% 19.2% 32.0% 5.1% 0.4% 1.5% 0.2% 12.1% 56.5% Note: Due to roundingor missingdata,percentagesdo not always total 10070. Source: Georgia Crime Information Center GEOGRAPHICALDISTRIBUTION OF CRIME Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) are geographical subdivisionscomposed of a core city with a population of at leasj 50,000 or an urbanized area of at least 50,000 and a total metropolitan area population of at least 100,000combined with economically/sociallyrelated counties. MSAs experience the highest crime rates in the state in all categoriesof Index crimes (SeeTable 1.12).Georgia's eight MSAs currently account for 64.8 percent of the state's population yet they include only 38 of the 159 counties. These tables indicate the importance of population density as one factor in the number of crimes committed in an area. Table 1.11 Metro olitan statis&al County Area Albany. GA MSA Doughedy Lee % of Population Total Murder 102.302 21 15.731 0 MSA/NON MSA, 1989 Aggravated p e Robbery Assault Motor Burglary Larceny Veh~cle Theft Arson 88 484 1 3 459 3.212 5,193 425 28 25 154 175 23 2 Index Crime Total 9,910 383 Athens, GA MSA Clarke Jackson Madison Ownee 79,081 30,447 21.211 16.035 Athens, GA MSA Total 146,754 2.3% Atlanta, GA MSA Barrow Butts Cherokee Clayion Cobb Coweta Dekalb Douglas Favette ~&yth Fulton Gwlnnett Henry Newton Paulding Rockdale Spalding Wanon 27,910 18,847 87.788 175.071 431.638 51.458 552,817 74.595 57.037 43;133 850,351 328,321 54.805 43,945 36,942 52.673 55.718 36.232 Atlanta, GA MSA Total 2,777,280 43.2% Augusta, GA MSA Columbia Richmond McDuffie 63,431 194,252 20,501 Au usta GA M?A ~ o i a l 278,184 4.3% Chattanooga, TNGAMSA Dade Catoosa Walker 12,179 42,220 59.160 Chattanooga, TN-GA MSA Total 113,568 1.8% Columbus. GA-AL MSA Chattahoochee Mufcogw 18,370 181,160 Columbus, GA-AL MSA Total 199,530 3.1% Macon. GA MSA Bibb Houston Jones Peach 160.253 90,123 19.588 21,008 Macon, GA MSA Total 290,972 4.5% Savannah, GA MSA Chatham Effingham 223,276 24,764 Savannah, GA MSA Total 248,042 3.9% Total MSAs 4,172,363 64.8% Total Non MSAs 2,263,637 35.2% Total State Agencies Reporting Total State 6,436,000 100.0% 13 2 1 7 8 32 1 47 6 0 415 3 42 3 48 8 25 27 6 1 0 34 26 590 219 0 809 77 289 5 11 1 4 20 33 91 472 161 61 1 3 39 340 2.088 30 58 4 12 1,680 11,855 3 15 109 774 0 4 112 793 30 50 82 395 113 406 41 111 1 5 3 12 158 534 230 2,458 779 643 15,046 2,276 103 112 3,237 17,322 481 68 15 287 610 923 59 1.113 112 33 2,737 4,546 440 23 377 734 85 7 106 124 31 0 1,125 2,242 336 27 3.450 10,354 1,579 54 8,095 17,000 2,698 90 279 717 72 0 12,141 31,970 7,070 70 770 1,951 277 15 343 881 82 3 14,943 71 609 5 685 55,328 146,870 29,086 516 509 845 95 11 5.015 8,177 1,372 44 78 81 15 0 5,602 9,103 1,482 55 162 1,218 2,302 382 46 39 1 592 421 26 52 1,091 2,928 7,028 629 38 3,615 8,232 835 41 1,469 3,767 330 16 263 234 38 14 174 Z?JS 53 2 5,521 12,532 1,256 73 729 18,966 7,226 192 26,192 3,848 11,518 982 87 80,548 199,267 34,705 868 27,213 52,066 5,495 573 480 315 151 107,761 251,333 40,200 40 1,441 8,606 1,287 282 4,0?7 18,818 27,610 1,170 54,839 3.219 1.358 260,693 1.552 16,142 186 17,880 4,198 11,516 13,861 . 6,161 582 595 21,199 18,063 352,448 95,847 1,393 448,295 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 1.12 TOTAL MSA NON MSA Murder 14.1 9.7 MSAjNON MSA INDEX CRIME RATES, 1989 PER 100,000 PERSONS Aggravated Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny 58.9 360.6 34.4 100.5 454.6 319.2 1,930.5 1,202.2 4,775.9 2,300.1 Motor Vehicle Theft Arson 831.8 20.8 242.8 25.3 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center CRIME TRENDS AND COMPARISONS CHANGES IN CRIME RATES The five year trend from 1985-1989 indicates that Index crimes have risen each year to a peak of 448,295 in 1989. Except for 1987, the last four years have seen an average increase of 11.3%in Index crimes (See Table 1.13).Overall, reported Index crimes have risen by 51.5%since 1985 (See Table 1.16). Crime rates must be interpreted with the understanding that they are the product of changes in both the number of crimes reported and resident population totals; the number of non-residents is not factored into crime rates for affected jurisdictions. Table 1.15indicates that Georgia,the South and the United States experienced an increase in Index crimes for 1989. Figure 1.12A INDEX CRIMES, FlVE YEAR T R E N D VIOLENT, PROPERTY, TOTAL, 1985 - 1989 NUMBER REPORTED 1985 1986 1987 YEAR 1988 1989 Figure 1.12B INDEX CRIME RATE, FlVE YEAR TREND - VIOLENT, PROPERTY, TOTAL, 1985 1989 1985 1986 1987 YEAR 1988 1989 Type of Crime Murder (% Change) Forcible Rape (% Change) Robbery (% Change) Aggravated Assault (% Change) Total violent crime (% Change) Burglary (% Change) Larceny (% Change) Motor Vehicle Theft (% Change) Arson (% Change) Total property crime (% Change) Total Index crime (% Change) Table 1.13 - CHANGES IN NUMBER OF INDEX CRIMES GEORGIA, 1985 1989 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 30,220 73% 35,893 18.8% 36,273 1.1% 42,734 17.8% 47,560 113% 266,084 15.1% 296,304 143% 293,251 102% 329,144 11.1% 322,569 10.0% 358,842 9.0% 354,395 9.9% 397,129 10.7% 400,735 13.1% 448,295 12.90 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 1.14 - CHANGES IN INDEX CRIME RATES PER 100,000 PERSONS GEORGIA, 1985 1989 Type of Crime Murder (% Change) Forcible Rape (% Change) Robbery (% Change) Aggravated Assault (% Change) Total violent crime (% Change) Burglary (% Change) Larceny (% Change) Motor Vehicle Theft (% Change) Arson (% Change) Total property crime (% Change) Total Index crime (% Change) 1985 47.1 9.0% 169.2 12.3% 280.9 1.3% 5073 5.5% 2,755.7 13.1% 383.9 27.6% 4,467.1 132% 4,974.4 12.4% 1986 46.7 -0.9% 219.9 30.0% 315.4 12.3% 592.8 16.9% 2,930.4 6.3% 460.2 19.9% 4,843.0 8.4% 5,435.7 93% 1987 46.8 .2% 214.9 -2.3% 316.1 .2% 589.4 -0.6% 3,132.2 6.9% 549.0 19.3% 5,241.7 82% 5,831.1 73% 1988 48.4 3.5% 247.0 15.0% 376.8 19.2% 683.5 16.0% 3,508.4 12.0% 544.9 -0.7% 5,668.0 8.1% 6,351.4 8.9% 1989 50.3 3.8% 269.1 9.0% 407.0 8.0% 739.0 8.1% 3,905.1 11.3% 624.6 14.6% 6,2265 9.9% 6,965.4 9.7% Source: Georgia Crime Information Center 1985 1989 6.8% 59.1% 44.9% 45.7% 41.7% 62.7% 39.4% 40.0% Table 1.15 - INDEX CRIME TRENDS GEORGIA, SOUTH, NATION, 1985 1989 1985 %Change 1986 %Change 1987 %Change 1988 %Change 1989 %Change Seorgia 295,040 3.2% 327,820 11.1% 357,768 9.1% 395,883 10.7% 446,854 12.9% South 4,302,605 0.2% 4,737,997 10.1% 4,943,277 4.3% 5,171,931 4.6% 5,327,089 3.0% Nation 12,430,026 -1.6% 13,211,869 6.3% 13,508,708 2.2% 13,923,086 3.1% 14,340,779 3.0% hen totals are not included in this table. :Source:FBI - Uniform Crime Report 1989Preliminary Release and :rime in the United States; Georgia Crime Information Center) Table 1.16 Type of Crime Murder (% Change) Forcible Rape (% Change) Robbery (% Change) Aggravated Assault (% Change) Total violent crime (% Change) Burglary (% Change) Larceny (% Change) Motor Vehicle Theft (% Change) Total prop-erty. crime (% Change) Total Index crime (% Change) - CHANGES IN NUMBER OF INDEX CRIMES GEORGIA, SOUTH, NATION, 1985 1989 Georgia 1985 1989 South 1985 1989 Nation 1985 1989 16,734 30,220 26,192 56.5% 47,560 57.4% 274,706 457,006 348,197 26.8% 579,341 26.8% 723,246 1,327,436 955,597 32.1% 1,651,486 24.4% 22,868 264,820 295,040 40,200 75.8% 399,294 50.8% 446,854 51.5% 328,174 486,828 48.3% 3,.845.399 4551.039 . id3% 4,302,605 5,301,528 23.2% 1,102,862 1,561,878 41.6% 11.102590 12384.098 , , 10.6% 12,430,026 14,227,068 14.5% Arson comparisons are not available for this table (Source: FBI - Uniform Crime Report 1989Preliminary Annual Release and Crime in the United States; Georgia Crime Information Center) Figure 1.13 INDEX CRIMES, FIVE YEAR TREND GEORGIA, SOUTH, NATION, 1985-1989 NUMBER REPORTED (Thousands) 460 426 - 400 -376 - - 350-- 276 -- 250 1985 I I 1986 1 I I I 1987 1988 YEAR u -GEORGIA 1989 NUMBER REPORTED (Millions) 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 6 4 3 1985 1986 1987 YEAR Table 1.17 - RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRIME AND POPULATION, GEORGIA 1985 1989 Year Population % Change No. Index Crimes % Change Source: Georgia Crime Information Center. Figure 1.14A REPORTED INDEX CRIMES 1985-1989 500,000 NUMBER REPORTED 250,000 1985 1986 1987 1988 YEAR 1 INDEX CRIMES 1989 Figure 1.14B REPORTED INDEX CRIME RATES PER 100,000 PERSONS, 1985-1989 RATE PER 100,000PERSONS 7,500 4,500 I 1985 I 1986 I 1987 YEAR I 1988 I 1989 PROFILE OF NON-INDEX CRIMES IN GEORGIA The number of Non-Index crimes reported to GCIC has increased every year from 1985 to 1989. The same upward trend continueseven when excludingDUI totals, which are unavailable for 1986 (See Figure 1.15). Non-Index crimes are beginning to follow the pattern for Index crimes formed during the last five years (See Table 1.18).Becauseof the seriousnessof Index crimes,they have alwaysbeen more likely to be reported; however, increased public and law enforcement awareness of certain NonIndex crimes has brought about more frequent and accurate reporting. Narcotics offenses and crimes against children, which contain several catagories including sex offenses, child neglect, and rape* committed against juveniles, are two areas where increased awareness has improved reporting. * Note: Rape is an Index offense. This section contains analyses of reported arrests for all crimes by age, sex, and race and analyses for specific crimes such as crimes against children and drug law violations. Table 1.18 - PROFILE OF REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIMES, 1985 1989 NON-INDEX CRIMES 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Other Assault Forgerylcounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense Curfewbitering Runaway Total 31,751 8,250 17,963 2,077 1,487 51,799 * 1,812 5,135 13,956 344 3,375 61,443 2,921 4,645 * 12 70,058 * 5,521 282,549 35,600 9,883 14,972 2,356 1,997 49,795 * 1,411 5,165 14,635 293 3,230 ** 3,739 4,981 * 18 87,184 * 4,744 240,003 39,759 10,500 13,458 2,657 2,261 50,299 * 1,041 5,314 16,250 282 4,372 62,724 5,102 3,830 * 74 94,986 * 4,862 317,771 49,214 12,600 15,743 2,819 3,089 60,478 4,813 573 5,915 21,986 181 5,554 66,033 5,148 3,445 34,088 43 69,021 680 6,568 367,991 56,028 13,997 17,871 3,178 4,040 67,050 6,235 1,122 6,434 30,337 238 7,231 41,949 5,952 3,535 45,501 50 76,246 1,129 7,299 395,422 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center *WeaponsViolation, Public Disturbance and Curfew/Loiteringare included in Other Offense. **DUItotals not tabulated. Figure 1.15 REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME INCIDENTS 1985-1989 NUMBER REPORTED 1985 1986 1987 YEAR 1988 1989 Table 1.19 NON-INDEXCRlMES Other Assault ForgeryKounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance vagrancy Other Offense Curfewbitering Runaway - PROFILE OF REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIMES STATEWIDE, 1988 1989 1988 % of Total 1989 Total 367,991 100.0% Source: Georgia Crime Information Center. ** DUI totals not tabulated. *WeaponsViolation, Public Disturbanceand Curfewbitering are reported under Other Offense. 395,422 % of Total 100.Wo - CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN 1985 1989 Specific offense and arrest information for crimes against children can be analyzed to determine trends in the areas of rape, kidnapping, sex offense, cruelty towards a child, contributingto the delinquencyof a minor,and child neglect as these crimes apply to children and those arrested. (Note: Data on the specific crime category murder of children are not available). The pattern of total offenses within these categories for 1985-1989varies from the pattern for total arrests reported during the same period. Reported offenses have increased each year, except for 1986,while reported arrests remained relatively the same, except for 1985which was a peak year. Increased public attention has been focused on crimes against children. Legislative attention at the state and federal level has mandated that these crimes be a primary focus for law enforcement agencies at all levels of government. This increased awareness and large number of reported arrests for these crimes show a greater sensitivity to such crimes. CRIME Rape* Kidnapping** Sex Offense*** Cruelty Towards Child Contributing to Deliquency of a Minor Child Neglect Total Table 1.20A - REPORTED CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN GEORGIA, 1985 1989 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 5,021 4,613 5,561 am 8,156 Table l.U)B CRIME - REPORTED ARRESTS FOR CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN GEORGIA, 1985 1989 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Rape* Female Male Kidnapping** Female Male Sex Offense*** Female Male Cruelty Towards Child Female Male Contributingto Deliquency of a Minor Female Male Child Neglect Female Male Total 6@2 5,581 5,341 5,390 6,435 *Rapecommitted against juveniles includes the specific charges of: sexual assault-sodomy-boy-gun, sexual-assault-sodomy-girl-gun, sexual assault-sodomy-boy, sexual assault-sodomy-girl, sexual assault-sodomy-boy-strongarm, and sexual assault-sodomy-girl-strongarm. * * Kidnapping of juveniles includes the specific charges of: kidnap minor for ransom, kidnap minor to sexuallyassault, and kidnap minor. ***Sexualoffenses against juveniles include the specific charges of: child fondling, homosexual act with girl, homosexual act with boy, and incest with minor. Soum: Georgia Crime Information Center 42 ARRESTS FOR CRIMES Trends, Characteristics, Comparisons Numbers and rates of arrest are usefulmeasurementsof law enforcementactivityand official responses to crime.Arrest statistics also provide some insight into the composition of the criminal population, particularly regarding age, sex and race. The varied policies and emphasis of law enforcement agencies influence the volume and type of arrests made. However, arrest practices for crimes are relatively uniform, allowingcomparisonsover time. Since an individualcan be arrested more than once during a given year, annual arrest statistics more accurately reflect the number of arrests made, rather than the number of different persons taken into custody. Arrest data reflect the actual number of arrests reported; the figures may not equal all arrests that took place. Profile of Index Arrest Trends During the period 1985-1989, the number of arrests made by Georgia law enforcement agencies for Index crimes increased 48.2%. However, the largest increase in reported arrests occurred in 1989. The number of reported arrests increased for all violent Index Crimes. Murder increased 23.2%, forciblerape 20.0%, robbery 57.0% and aggravated assault 54.0%. Overall, total violent crime increased 48.2% from1985to 1989.Increaseswere alsoreported forburglary (39.0%), larceny (47.1%), motor vehicle theft (74.0%) and arson (45.9%) (See Table 1.21). During the same period, the percentage of arrests made for reported Index crime incidents ranged from a high of 17.8% in 1985 to a low of 17.4% in 1989 (See Table 1.22). Figure 1.16 REPORTED INDEX ARRESTS FIVE YEAR TREND, 1985-1989 NUMBER REPORTED 1985 1986 1987 YEAR 1988 1989 Figure 1.17A INDEX CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE, 1985 Figure 1.17B INDEX CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE, 1989 Profile of Index Arrest Trends by Age Group During 1989, young persons aged 17-21 were more frequently arrested for the crimes of burglary, larceny and moforvehicle theft. Those aged22-26were more frequently arrested for rape and robbery. Arrests for murder, aggravated assault and arson more often involved those aged 37 and older. Population estimates reveal the percentage of persons aged 17-21has fallen 1.3%; the percentage of persons aged 22-26 has risen 2.2%, those aged 37 and older has risen 10.4% from 1985-1989. Comparison of arrest figures from 1985to 1989indicate an increase in the percentage of persons arrested in every age group (See Table 1.24). In addition, males were arrested more frequently than females, and nonwhites were arrested more often than whites. Table 1.25 provides a profile of arrest data by age, sex and race. Profile of Juvenile Arrests for Index Crimes In Georgia,juveniles are persons 16years of age and under. In 1989,juveniles accounted for 6.5% of all arrestsfor Index crimes. This represents a decrease of 3.2% from 9.7% in 1985for the five year period. In 1989, juveniles represented the lowest percentage of arrest rates for any Indexviolent crime (SeeTables 1.25and 1.26). Table 1.26 indicates that juveniles are more likely to be arrested for property crimes such as burglary, larceny and motor vehicle theft. Table 1.21 Type of Crime Murder (% Change) Forcible Rape (% Change) Robbery (% Change) Aggravated Assault (% Change) Total violent crime (% Change) Burglary (% Change) Larceny (% Change) Motor Vehicle Theft (% Change) Arson (% Change) Total property crime (% Change) Total Index crime (% Change) - PROFILE OF REPORTED ARRESTS FOR INDEX CRIMES 1985 1989 1985 621 8.2% 1,000 6.2% 2,687 7.4% 9,254 7.4% 1986 671 8.1% 975 -2.5% 2,964 10.3% 10,033 8.4% 1987 694 3.4% 978 0.3% 3,058 3.2% 9,799 -2.3% 1988 707 1.9% 1,102 12.7% 3,928 28.4% 12,036 22.8% 1989 765 8.2% 1,200 8.9% 4,474 13.9% 14,248 18.4% 13,562 73% 8,570 12.0% 28,281 17.0% 2,140 15.0% 290 4.3% 39,281 15.6% 52,843 13.4% 14,643 8.0% 14,529 -0.8% 8,961 4.6% 9,223 2.9% 28,038 -0.9% 29,407 4.9% 2,517 17.6% 2,683 6.6% 334 15.2% - 39,850 1.4% 54,493 3.1% 308 -7.8% - - 41,621 4.4% 56,150 3.0% 17,773 223% 10,493 13.8% 34,980 19.0% 3,441 28.3% 315 2.3% - - 49,229 183% 67,002 193% 20,687 16.4% 11,910 13.5% 41,589 18.9% 3,724 8.2% 423 34.3% 57,646 17.1% 78,333 16.9% 1985 1989 23.2% 20.0% 66.5% 54.0% 52.5% 39.0% 47.1% 74.0% 45.9% - 46.8% 48.2% Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 1.22 - COMPARISON OF REPORTED INDEX CRIMES AND INDEX CRIMEARRESTS, 1985 1989 Type of Crime Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault 1985 1985 1986 1986 1987 1987 1988 1988 1989 1989 Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests Incidents Arrests 603 621 653 671 719 694 705 707 809 765 2,805 1,000 2,827 975 2,879 978 3,029 1,102 3,237 1,200 10,078 2,687 13,315 2,964 13,222 3,058 15,443 3,928 17,322 4,474 16,734 9,254 19,098 10,033 19,453 9,799 23,557 12,036 26,192 14,248 Total violent crime Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson 30,220 13,562 35,893 14,643 77,809 8,570 86,619 8,961 164,143 28,281 '177,440 28,038 22,868 2,140 27,868 2,517 1,264 290 1,324 334 36,273 14,529 94,955 9,223 192,755 29,407 33,785 2,683 1,074 308 42,734 17,773 99,711 10,493 219,367 34,980 34,071 3,441 1,246 315 47,560 20,687 107,761 11,910 251,333 41,589 40,200 3,724 1,441 423 Total property crime 266,084 39,281 293,251 39,850 322,569 41,621 354,395 49,229 400,735 57,646 Total Index crime 296,304 52,843 329,144 54,493 358,842 56,150 397,129 67,002 448,295 78,333 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 1.23 COMPARISON OF REPORTED CRIMES AND REPORTED ARRESTS, 1989 Type of Crime Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Other Assaults Forgery Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapon Offense Prostitution/Commercial Vice Other Sex Offenses Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offenses Curfewbitering Runaway 1989 Incidents 809 3,237 17,322 26,192 107,761 251,333 40,200 1,441 56,028 13,997 17,871 3,178 4,040 67,050 6,235 1,122 6,434 30,337 238 7,231 41,949 5,952 3,535 45,501 50 76,246 1,129 7,299 1989 Arrests 765 1,200 4,474 14,248 11,910 41,589 3,724 423 25,108 5,853 29,790 2,591 6,643 4,155 6,636 1,213 3,397 44,534 451 4,430 34,931 9,591 3,639 31,785 17 66,781 1,526 609 TOTALS 843,717 Source: Georgia Crime Infornlation Center Table 1.24 GEORGIA ARRESTS FOR INDEX CRIMES 1985 - 1989, BY AGE GROUP Age Group 1985 % 1986 % 1987 % 1988 % 1989 5% Total 52,843 100.0% 54,493 100.0% 56,150 100.0% 67,002 100.0% 78,333 100.0% Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 1.25 PROFILE OF PERSONS ARRESTED BY SPECIFICAGE, SEX, RACE, 1989 Type of Crime Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault 16 and Under 17-21 3.4% 4.3% 5.7% 4.3% 22.5% 19.5% 25.2% 18.1% AGE 22-26 20.1% 22.3% 26.4% 19.6% 27-31 16.1% 20.3% 20.3%. 18.9% 32-36 13.7% 15.6% 12.8% 14.1% 37 + 24.2% 18.0% 9.6% 25.0% Total Violent Crime Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Total Property Crime Total Index Crime 4.6% 19.9% 212% 8.0% 6.3% 13.7% 4.0% 30.0% 24.3% 31.6% 21.5% 22.0% 20.0% 18.7% 20.3% 7.1% 26.0% 203% - - --- 6.5% 24.4% 20.6% 192% 19.4% 18.8% 16.0% 18.7% 18.8% 18.9% 13.9% 10.8% 13.4% 9.8% 11.8% 12.6% 13.0% 21.2% 9.8% 17.1% 10.2% 23.6% 152% 16.8% Type of Crime Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Total Violent Crime Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Total Property Crime Total Index Crime SEX Male Female 82.4% 98.3% 92.6% 82.1% 17.6% 1.7% 7.4% 17.9% 853% 92.8% 69.9% 91.1% 80.6% 14.7% 7.2% 30.1% 8.9% 19.4% 76.0% 24.0% 78.5% 215% RACE White Non-White 27.4% 72.6% 37.5% 34.8% 62.5% 652% Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 1.26 ARREST RATES PER 100,000PERSONS BY SPECIFIC AGE, SEX, RACE, 1989 Type of Crime Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Total 11.9 18.6 69.5 221.4 16 and Under 1.4 2.7 13.6 33.0 17-21 53.4 72.7 350.5 799.6 AGE 22-26 27-31 29.9 52.1 229.4 542.1 21.2 42.1 157.1 465.6 32-36 18.1 32.3 98.9 348.0 37 + 7.2 8.4 16.6 138.1 Total Violent Crime 321.4 Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson 185.1 646.2 57.9 6.6 50.7 51.3 141.2 27.4 0.9 1,2763 1,110.9 3,146.7 365.8 28.3 853.4 508.9 1,614.7 135.2 16.7 686.1 398.3 1,351.9 103.1 13.6 497.4 222.0 %4.5 62.8 8.6 1703 45.3 275.6 14.7 3.9 Total Property Crime 895.7 220.8 4,651.6 2,275.5 1,866.9 1,258.0 3395 Total Index Crime 1,217.1 271.5 5,927.9 3,128.9 2,553.0 1,755.4 509.7 Type of Crime Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Total Violent Crime Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Total Property Crime Total Index Crime SEX Male Female 5712 90.9 1,419.0 1,990.2 412.6 503.5 White RACE Non-White 125.8 479.6 605.4 777.9 1,866.5 2,644.4 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 1.27 GEORGIA ARRESTS FOR INDEX CRIMES, 1985-1989 Year BY CRIME VIOLENT OFFENSES PROPERTY OFFENSES Number Rate 100,000 Number Rate 100,000 Year BY RACE VIOLENT OFFENSES White Non-White PROPERTY OFFENSES White Non-White Source: Georgia Crime Information Center. Profile of Non-Index Arrest lkends Arrests for Non-Indexcrimesfrom 1985- 1989do not follow the pattern exhibited by Index arrests. Non-Index arrests decreased in 1986 but steadily increased through 1989, shavingan increasefor this fiveyear period of 25.4%. Index arrests increased steadily from 1985 - 1989, showing an increase for this same period of 48.2%. Figures for 1986 cannot be compared because DUI arrest totals are unavailable. They comparable if the DUI arrest totals are omitted from the other four years (See Table 1.28). Profile of Juvenile Arrests for Non-Index Crimes Table 1.29 indicates that the percentage of Non-Index crimescommittedbyjuveniles remained lowthroughoutthe period 1985-1989.Consideringpopulation estimates, arrest rates for juveniles for each Non-Index crime were generally the lowest for each age group (See Table 1.31). Of all Non-Index crimes, other offense, public disturbance and other assault ranked the highest of juvenile Non-Index arrests. Though juvenile Index arrests clearly demonstrate a tendency toward property crimes, Non-Index arrests did not share the same distinction. Other Assaults were higher in 1989compared to arrests for stolen property (See Table 1.30). Table 1.28 PROFILE OF' REPORTED NON-INDEX ARRESTS, 1985 - 1989 NON-INDEX CRIMES Other Assault ForgeryJCounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense Curfewbitering Runaway Total 1985 1986 1987 226,077 171,357 233,818 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center. * Weapons Vioation, Public Disturbance and CurfewILoitering are reported under Other Offense. * * DUI totals not tabulated. Figure 1.18 REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS FIVE YEAR TREND, 1985-1989 NUMBER REPORTED 248,749 n 1985 1986 1987 YEAR 1988 1989 (EXCLUDING DUI) Table 1.29 REPORTED NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS - 1985 1989, BY AGE GROUP Age Group 1985 9% 1986 % 1987 9% 1988 9% 1989 9% Total 226,077 100.0% 171,357* 100.W0 233,818 100.0% 259,679 100.0% 283,680 100.0% Source: Georgia Crime Information Center *I986DUI arrestswere not tabulated. Figure 1.19A NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE, 1985 Figure 1.19B NON-INDEX CRIME ARRESTS BY AGE, 1989 Table 1.30 REPORTED NON-INDEX ARRESTS BY AGE, 1989 NON-INDEX CRIMES 16 & Under Other Assault Forgery/Counterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense Curfew/Loitering Runaway 17-21 AGE 22-26 27-31 32-36 Total 37 & Above Source: Georgia Crime Information Center Table 1.31 NON-INDEXARREST RATES PER 100,000 PERSONS 1989, BY AGE NON-INDEX CRIMES TOTAL 16 & Under 17-21 22-26 ARREST RATES PER 100,000 PER 100,000 PER 100,000 Other Assault Forgery/Counterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense Curfewboitering Runaway Total Arrest Rates NON-INDEX CRIMES Other Assault Forgerylcounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense Curfewboitering Runaway Total Arrest Rates Source: Georgia Crime Information Center 27-31 32-36 37 & Above Per 100,000 Per 100,000 Per 100,000 Table 1.32 CRIMES Male Other Assault ForgeryKounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunke~ess Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense CurfewILoitering Runaway Total Arrests 229,997 NON-INDEX ARRESTS STATEWIDE BY SEX AND RACE, 1989 Percent Female Percent White Percent Non-White Percent 81.1% 53,683 18.9% 132,833 46.8% 150,847 532% Source: Georgia Crime Information Center DRUG VIOLATIONS 1985-1989 Though violations of drug laws are not Index offenses, they challenge the resources of law enforcement from street sales to the massive organizations which manufacture, import and distribute drugs in the United States. In 1985, reported drug arrests were at a five year low (1985 - 1989).However,they have risen steadilyto a high of 44,534 in 1989. This represents an increase of 114.3%. From 1985 to 1987, persons were arrested for offenses related to marijuana more frequently than any other drug. In 1988and 1989cocainerelated arrests outnumbered those for marijuana by 2,745 and 9,172, respectively. Of particular interest is the fact that cocaine arrests have steadily increased from 2,311 to 20,840, while narcotic equipment arrests have risen from 359 to 1,001. This represents increases of 801.8% for cocaine and 178.8% for narcotic equipment. Table 1.33 Drug - REPORTED DRUG ARRESTS STATEWIDE 1985 1989 - - - - 1985 1985 %Change Rank 1986 %Change Rank 1987 %Change Rank 1988 %Change Rank 1989 %Change Rank 1989 Amphetamine Barbiturate Cocaine Hallucinogen Heroin Marijuana Narcotic Equipment Opium Synthetic Narcotic Free Text* 72 34 2,311 50 99 10,510 359 12 115 7,216 -44.2% 6 46.0% 8 26.8% 2 -15.3% 7 40.7% 5 3.9% 1 28.2% 3 .O% 9 -36.5% 4 10.3% 36 22 4,195 24 77 9,723 434 5 50 6,912 -50.0% 6 -35.3% 8 81.5% 2 -52.0% 7 -22.2% 4 -7.5% 1 20.9% 3 -58.3% 9 -56.5% 5 4.2% Yearly Total 20,778 7.3% 21,478 3.4% 24,221 12.8% 32,461 34.0% 44,534 37.2% 114.3%. *Note: Free Text includes all other violations of state and local laws relating to the unlawful possession, sale, use, growing, manufacturing and making of narcotic drugs which cannot be singularly classified in categories 1-9. Source: Georgia Crime Information Center PROFILE OF REPORTED CLEARANCES According to the FBIIUCR handbook, reported offenses can be cleared by arrest or exceptional means (circumstances occur preventing arrest). For purposes of statistical reporting, the number of offenses, not the number of persons arrested, are counted in clearance reports. Overall trends in clearances for Index and Non-Index crimes follow very similar patterns from 1985 to 1989. Clearancesdecreased in 1986for both IndexandNon-Index crimes (See Figure 1.20). However, in 1987, Index crime clearances rose only slightly while Non-Index clearances experienced a significant increase. Clearance rate is defined as the number of clearances divided by the number of reported crimes. Tables 1.36 and 1.37 represent the actual clearance rates for 1985 - 1989. Due to variances in reporting practices, care should be exercised in comparing law enforcement agency clearance rates. Yearly totals, however, are usefulfor comparison.For someNon-Index crimes, the number of clearancesreported is the same as the number of crimes reported. For example, law enforcement agencies do not report DUI offenses unless officers make DUI arrests. Table 1.34 - PROFILE OF REPORTED INDEX CRIME CLEARANCES, 1985 1989 Crime 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Burglary LarcenyKheft Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Total 91,638 70,837 72,319 81,673 98,428 Source:Georgia Crime Information Center Figure 1.20 INDEX CRIME CLEARANCES FIVE YEAR TREND, 1985-1989 NUMBER REPORTED 1985 1986 1987 YEAR 1988 1989 Table 1.35 - PROFILE OF REPORTED NON-INDEX CLEARANCES, 1985 1989 CRIMES Other Assault ForgeryICounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution/ Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance Vagrancy Other Offense CurfewILoitering Runaway Total 175,435 142,924 205,636 182,834 214,892 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center 1986DUI data unavailable. Figure 1.21 NON-INDEX CRIME CLEARANCES FIVE YEAR TREND, 1985-1989 NUMBER REPORTED 1985 1986 1987 YEAR 1988 1989 Table 136 - CLEARANCERATES INDEX CRIMES, 1985 1989 Crimes Murder Forcible Rape Robbery Aggravated Assault Burglary Larcenymheft Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Total 30.9 215 202 20.6 22.0 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center, Uniform Crime Reporting Database Data unavailable Table 1.37 - CLEARANCE RATES NON-INDEX CRIMES, 1985 1989 CRIMES 1985 1986 1987 1988 Other Assault Forgerylcounterfeiting Fraud Embezzlement Stolen Property Vandalism Weapons Violation Prostitution1 Commercial Vice Other Sex Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Gambling Family Offense DUI Liquor Laws Drunkenness Public Disturbance vagrancy Other Offense CurfewJLoitering Runaway Total 65.1 60.9 69.6 54.9 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center, Uniform Crime Reporting Database *WeaponsViolation, Public Disturbance Curfew/Loiteringand Runaway are included in Other Offense. ** Data unavailable 1989 543 COUNTY CRIME REPORTS Index crime reports for counties, shown in Table 1.384 were developed from 1988 and 1989 incident reports submitted to the Georgia Crime Information Center by participating law enforcement agencies. Also included are Non-Index county crime profiles for 1988 and 1989 (See Table 1.38B). County totals are actual numbers reported; estimates for unreported crime are not included. In addition, some agencies did not consistently submit crime reports for these years which, in effect, lowered county totals. Table 138A COUNTYCRIME REPORTS,INDEX CRIMES, 1988-1989 County Applinl3 1988 1989 Atkinson 1988 1989 Bacon 1988 1989 Baker 1988 1989 Baldwin 1988 1989 Banks 1988 1989 Barrow 1988 1989 Bartow 1988 1989 Ben Hill 1988 1989 Berrien 1988 1989 Bibb 1988 1989 Bleckley 1988 1989 Brantley 1988 1989 Brooks 1988 1989 Bryan 1988 1989 Motor Index Violent Property Forcible e v ated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Theft Arson - Table 138A Continued County Index Crimes Bulloch 1988 1,784 1989 1,616 Burke 1988 501 1989 875 Butts 1988 321 1989 282 Calhoun 1988 100 1989 115 Camden 1988 854 1989 1,242 Candler 1988 75 1989 108 Carroll 1988 3,362 1989 3,762 Catoosa 1988 1,458 1989 1,728 Charlton 1988 142 1989 105 Chatham 1988 15,5% 1989 17,258 Chattahoochee 1988 92 1989 90 Chattooga 1988 662 1989 640 Cherokee 1988 2,169 1989 4,077 Clarke 1988 5,542 1989 7,266 Clay 1988 28 1989 23 Motor Violent property Forcible Aggravated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Theft - Arson 8 1 2 6 1 0 2 0 11 19 0 1 17 14 9 6 1 0 79 80 1 2 4 16 5 27 23 14 1 0 Table 1.38A - Continued County Clayton 1988 1989 Clinch 1988 1989 Cobb 1988 1989 Coffee 1988 1989 Colquitt 1988 1989 Columbia 1988 1989 Cook 1988 1989 Coweta 1988 1989 Crawford 1988 1989 crisp 1988 1989 Dade 1988 1989 Dawson 1988 1989 Decatur 1988 1989 Dekalb 1988 1989 Dodge 1988 1989 Index Crimes Violent property Forcible Aggravated Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft - Arson 27 54 0 0 84 90 12 6 6 18 5 11 2 0 4 0 0 0 11 3 2 4 1 6 2 7 % 70 3 2 Table 138A - Continued County Index Crimes Dooly 1988 231 1989 187 Dougherty 1988 9,749 1989 9,910 Douglas 1988 2,944 1989 3,219 Early 1988 343 1989 380 Echols 1988 11 1989 24 EfFmgham 1988 561 1989 805 Elbert 1988 628 1989 755 Emanuel 1988 542 1989 889 Evans 1988 55 1989 82 Fannin 1988 383 1989 473 Fayette 1988 1,395 1989 1,358 Floyd 1988 3,851 1989 5,189 Forsyth 1988 1,658 1989 5380 Franklin 1988 358 1989 445 Fulton 1988 102,206 1989 113,451 - Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle - Theft Arson 1 2 33 28 15 15 0 4 0 0 6 7 4 3 5 10 0 0 11 16 6 3 22 22 9 11 1 1 98 110 - Table 138A Continued County Index Crimes Gilmer 1988 205 1989 102 Glascock 1988 0 1989 0 Glynn 1988 5,771 1989 533 Gordon 1988 1,259 1989 1,922 Grady 1988 497 1989 927 Greene 1988 253 1989 331 Gwinnett 1988 16,554 1989 19,318 Habersham 1988 175 1989 224 Hall 1988 5279 1989 5,841 Hancock 1988 22 1989 40 Haralson 1988 733 1989 681 Harris 1988 536 1989 491 Hart 1988 368 1989 440 Heard 1988 90 1989 2-n Henry 1988 l,819 1989 1,984 Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Table 1.38A - Continued County Houston 1988 1989 Irwin 1988 1989 Jackson 1988 1989 Jasper 1988 1989 Jeff Davis 1988 1989 Jefferson 1988 1989 Jenkins 1988 1989 Johnson 1988 1989 Jones 1988 1989 Lamar 1988 1989 Lanier 1988 1989 Laurens 1988 1989 Lee 1988 1989 Liberty 1988 1989 Lincoln 1988 1989 Motor Index Violent property Forcible Aggravated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Theft Arson Table 1.38A - Continued County Index Crimes Long 1988 82 1989 37 Lowndes 1988 5,222 1989 5,340 Lumpkin 1988 279 1989 348 McDuflie 1988 178 1989 186 McIntosh 1988 172 1989 232 Macon 1988 414 1989 401 Madison 1988 283 1989 223 Marion 1988 26 1989 37 Meriwether 1988 109 1989 143 Miller 1988 45 1989 25 Mitchell 1988 713 1989 849 Monroe 1988 734 1989 848 Montgomery 1988 45 1989 55 Morgan 1988 351 1989 405 Murray 1988 693 1989 533 Motor Violent property Forcible Aggravated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Theft Arson - Table 1.38A Continued County Index Crimes Muscogee 1988 11,525 1989 11,426 Newton 1988 2,1% 1989 5730 Oconee 1988 121 1989 335 Oglethorpe 1988 226 1989 172 Padding 1988 1,051 1989 Peach 1,223 1988 325 1989 595 Pickens 1988 103 1989 244 Pierce 1988 281 1989 300 Pike 1988 143 1989 123 Polk 1988 827 1989 1,075 Pdaski 1988 194 1989 259 Putnam 1988 253 1989 240 Quitman 1988 0 1989 9 Rabun 1988 241 1989 246 Randolph 1988 155 1989 135 Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Table 1.38A - Continued County Index Crimes Richmond 1988 14,374 1989 16,142 Rockdale 1988 2,947 1989 3,349 Schley 1988 45 1989 37 Screven 1988 286 1989 252 Seminole 1988 200 1989 262 spaldiig 1988 3,594 1989 4,670 Stephens 1988 784 1989 812 Stewart 1988 61 1989 65 Sumter 1988 1,564 1989 1,670 Talbot 1988 3 1989 21 Taliaferro 1988 30 1989 31 Tattnall 1988 200 1989 219 Taylor 1988 87 1989 79 Telfair 1988 164 1989 193 Terrell 1988 274 1989 256 Violent property Forcible Aggravated Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Motor Vehicle Theft Arson Table 1.38A - Continued County Motor Index Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Bulglary Larceny Theft Thomas 1988 2,301 1989 2,332 Tift 1988 2,762 1989 2,812 Toombs 1988 363 1989 848 Towns 1988 29 1989 26 Treutlen 1988 216 1989 91 Troup 1988 3,465 1989 3,868 Turner 1988 171 1989 221 Twiggs 1988 74 1989 119 Union 1988 99 1989 220 Upson 1988 802 1989 907 Walker 1988 1,706 1989 2,18 1 Walton 1988 1,116 1989 1,128 Ware 1988 2,251 1989 2,445 Warren 1988 1 1989 80 Washington 1988 453 1989 679 Arson Table 1.38A - Continued County Motor Index Violent Property Forcible Aggravated Vehicle Crimes Crimes Crimes Murder Rape Robbery Assault Burglary Larceny Theft Wayne 1988 1989 Webster 1988 1989 Wheeler 1988 1989 White 1988 1989 Whitfield 1988 1989 Wilcox 1988 1989 waes 1988 1989 willrinson 1988 1989 Worth 1988 1989 Arsol State Agency 1988 1989 1,444 1,393 Total 1988 1989 397,l29 448,295 Table 138B COUNTY CRIME REPORTS, NON-INDEX CRIMES, 1988-1989 County NONINDEX Crimes Other Forgery1 Assaults Counierfeit Other Sblen Weapons Prostitution/ Sex Fraud Embezzlement properly Vandalism Violation Corma Vice Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Appling 1988 1989 Atkinson 1988 1989 Bacon 1988 1989 Baker 1988 1989 Baldwin 1988 1989 Banks 1988 1989 Barrow 1988 1989 Bartow 1988 1989 Ben Hill 1988 1989 Berrien 1988 1989 Bibb 1988 1989 Bleckley 1988 1989 Brantley 1988 1989 Brooks 1988 1989 Bryan 1988 1989 Table 138B COUNTY CRIME REPORTS, NON-INDEX CRIMES, 1988-1989 COMQ Fa- Gambling Offense DUI Liquor Publk Other Curfew/ LpWs DrunkcnnessDistwbancc Vagrancy Offense Loikring Runaway Appling 1988 1989 Atkinson 1988 1989 Bacon 1988 1989 Baker 1988 1989 Baldwin 1988 1989 Banks 1988 1989 Barrow 1988 1989 Bartow 1988 1989 Ben Hill 1988 1989 Berrien 1988 1989 Bibb 1988 1989 Bleckley 1988 1989 Brantley 1988 1989 Brooks 1988 1989 Bryan 1988 1989 - Table 1.38B Continued county NONINDEX Crimes Other Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit Stolen Other Weapons Prostitution/ Sex Fraud Embezzlement property Vandalism Violation Corma Vice Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Bulloch 1988 1,247 1989 1,330 Burke 1988 410 1989 659 Butts 1988 386 1989 199 Calhoun 1988 203 1989 136 Camden 1988 1,473 1989 1,555 Candler 1988 42 1989 55 Carroll 1988 3,574 1989 3,028 Catoosa 1988 1,971 1989 2,078 Charlton 1988 329 1989 151 Chatham 1988 31,422 1989 38,052 Chattahoochee 1988 86 1989 87 Chattooga 1988 724 1989 662 Cherokee 1988 3,282 1989 5,520 Clarke 1988 2,294 1989 2,%2 Clay 1988 39 1989 26 Table 1.38B - Continued County Family Gambling Offense DUI Liquor Public Other Curfew/ Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy O f f e w Loitering Runaway Bulloch 1988 0 1989 5 Burke 1988 0 1989 0 Butts 1988 0 1989 0 Calhoun 1988 1 1989 0 Carnden 1988 0 1989 1 Candler 1988 0 1989 0 Carroll 1988 1 1989 8 Catoosa 1988 0 1989 0 Charlton 1988 0 1989 0 Chatham 1988 9 1989 13 Chattahoochee 1988 0 1989 0 Chattooga 1988 0 1989 0 Cherokee 1988 0 1989 1 Clarke 1988 0 1989 0 Clay 1988 1 1989 0 - Table l38B Ccmtinued hb NONINDEX Crima, o l h r Forgery1 bsadts thmfrdeit Sbkn Other Weapons Prostitatiod Su Fraud Embedement property VPndPiism viobtion thmnr Via odknse Narcotic Drag Laws Clayton 1988 1989 clinch 1988 1989 Cobb 1988 1989 Coffee 1988 1989 colquitt 1988 1989 Columbii 1988 1989 cook 1988 1989 Coweta 1988 1989 Crawford 1988 1989 crisp 1988 1989 Dade 1988 1989 Dawson 1988 1989 Decatur 1988 1989 Dekalb 1988 1989 Dodge 1988 1989 - Table 138B Continued F-ib co@m Gambling Offense DUI wr Pub& Othr Curfew1 Lsws DrunkennessDbturbnnee Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway Clayton 1988 1989 Clinch 1988 1989 Cobb 1988 1989 Coffee 1988 1989 Colquitt 1988 1989 Columbia 1988 1989 cook 1988 1989 Coweta 1988 1989 Crawford 1988 1989 crisp 1988 1989 Dade 1988 1989 Dawson 1988 1989 Decatur 1988 1989 Dekalb 1988 1989 Dodge 1988 1989 - Table 1.38B Continued county NON- INDEX Crimes Other Forgery/ Assaults Counterfeit Other Stolen Weapons Prostitution1 Sex Fraud Embezzlement property Vandalism Violation C o m Vice Offense Narcotic Drug Laws Dooly 1988 259 1989 170 Dougherty 1988 8,253 1989 8,728 Douglas 1988 3,588 1989 3,907 Early 1988 350 1989 391 Echols 1988 5 1989 7 Effingham 1988 889 1989 1,052 Elbert 1988 932 1989 1,036 Emanuel 1988 428 1989 834 Evans 1988 118 1989 43 Faunin 1988 343 1989 261 Fayette 1988 2,216 1989 1,998 Floyd 1988 3,099 1989 3,339 Forsyth 1988 1,263 1989 1,445 Franklin 1988 611 1989 522 Fulton 1988 69,382 1989 78,380 County Dooly 1988 1989 Dougherty 1988 1989 Douglas 1988 1989 Early 1988 1989 Echols 1988 1989 Effingham 1988 1989 Elbert 1988 1989 Emannel 1988 1989 Evans 1988 1989 Fannin 1988 1989 Fayette 1988 1989 Floyd 1988 1989 Forsyth 1988 1989 Franklin 1988 1989 Fulton 1988 1989 Table 1.38B - Continued Family Offense DUI Liquor Public Other Curfew/ Laws DrunkennessDisturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway - Table 138B Continued Comb NONINDEX Crimes Other Forge~yl Asspub Counterfeit Sbkn Other Weapons Prostitution/ Su Fraud Embezzlement property Vandalism Violation C o r nVice Onense Narcotic DW Laws Gilmer 1988 372 1989 260 Glascock 1988 1 1989 3 Glynn 1988 1989 Gordon 5300 5,000 1988 1989 Grady 1988 k248 1,412 686 1989 1,012 Greene 1988 253 1989 224 Gwinnett 1988 14,217 1989 14,112 Habersham 1988 376 1989 290 Hall 1988 4,026 1989 4,747 Hancock 1988 10s 1989 82 Haralson l988 748 1989 546 Harris 1988 327 1989 360 Hart 1988 392 1989 522 Heard 1988 69 1989 201 Henry 1988 1,993 1989 1,472 Table 1.38B - Continued F~Y c o ~ Ga~mbling Offensc DUI Liquor Public Other Curlew/ Lows Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runway Gilmer 1988 0 1989 0 Glascock 1988 0 1989 0 Glynn 1988 0 1989 2 Gordon 1988 0 1989 0 Grady 1988 0 1989 0 Greene 1988 0 1989 0 Gwinnett 1988 0 1989 0 Habersham 1988 0 1989 0 Hall 1988 0 1989 1 Hancock 1988 0 1989 0 Haralson 1988 0 1989 0 Harris 1988 0 1989 0 Hart 1988 0 1989 1 Heard 1988 0 1989 4 Henry 1988 0 1989 6 Table 1.38B - Continued NON- INDEX Crimes OUlcr Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit Other Stolen Weapons Prostitution/ Sex Fraud Embezzlement properly Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice OKense Narcotic Drug Laws Houston 1988 1989 Irwin 1988 1989 Jackson 1988 1989 Jasper 1988 1989 Jeff Davis 1988 1989 Jefferson 1988 1989 Jenkins 1988 1989 Johnson 1988 1989 Jones 1988 1989 Lamar 1988 1989 Lanier 1988 1989 Laurens 1988 1989 Lee 1988 1989 Liberty 1988 1989 Lincoln 1988 1989 - Table 1.38B Continued County Family Gambling Offense DUI Liquor Publk Other Curfew/ Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering Runaway Houston 1988 1989 Irwin 1988 1989 Jackson 1988 1989 Jasper 1988 1989 Jeff Davis 1988 1989 Jefferson 1988 1989 Jenkins 1988 1989 Johnson 1988 1989 Jones 1988 1989 Lamar 1988 1989 Lanier 1988 1989 Laurens 1988 1989 Lee 1988 1989 Liberty 1988 1989 Lincoln 1988 1989 Table 1.38B - Continued Counlv - -- NON- INDEX Crimes - Other Forgery1 Assaults Counlerlcit Other Stokn Weapons Prostitution/ Sex Fraud Embezzlement property Vandalism Violation brrrmvice Offense Narcotic DW Laws Long 1988 43 1989 29 Lowndes 1988 4,219 1989 3,779 Lumpkin 1988 320 1989 412 McDuffie 1988 178 1989 174 McIntosh 1988 153 1989 172 Macon 1988 402 1989 388 Madison 1988 149 1989 104 Marion 1988 71 1989 44 Meriwether 1988 249 1989 117 Miller 1988 39 1989 31 Mitchell 1988 783 1989 899 Monroe 1988 1,189 1989 8% Montgomery 1988 95 1989 48 Morgan 1988 226 1989 284 Murray 1988 591 1989 333 Countv Gambline ONtnsc Long 1988 0 1989 0 Lowndes 1988 0 1989 0 Lumpkin 1988 0 1989 0 McDuffie 1988 0 1989 0 McIntosh 1988 0 1989 0 Macon 1988 0 1989 0 Madison 1988 0 1989 0 Marion 1988 0 1989 0 Meriwether 1988 0 1989 0 Mier 1988 0 1989 0 Mitchell 1988 0 1989 0 Monroe 1988 0 1989 1 Montgomery 1988 5 1989 0 vIorgan 1988 0 .989 0 vlurray 988 0 .989 0 - Table 1.38B Continued Liquor Public Other Curfew1 Laws Drunktnness Disturbance Vagrancy Ofltnsc Loikring R-87 Table 1.38B - Continued comb NON- INDEX Crimes Other Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit Stolen Other Weapons Prostitution/ Sex Fraud Embezzlement properly Vandalism Violation Comm. Vice Offense Narcotic DW Laws Muscogee 1988 14,519 1989 fim Newton 1988 1,717 1989 2,031 Oconee 1988 91 1989 254 Oglethorpe 1988 147 1989 148 Padding 1988 1,m 1989 1,216 Peach 1988 387 1989 576 Pickens 1988 176 1989 142 Pierce 1988 320 1989 288 Pike 1988 136 1989 102 Polk 1988 734 1989 816 Pdaski 1988 382 1989 312 Putnam 1988 233 1989 197 Quitman 1988 2 1989 6 Rabun 1988 315 1989 223 Randolph 1988 137 1989 185 County Gambling Muscogee 1988 1 1989 5 Newton 1988 0 1989 0 Oconee 1988 0 1989 0 Oglethorpe 1988 0 1989 0 Padding 1988 0 1989 0 Peach 1988 0 1989 0 Pickens 1988 0 1989 0 Pierce 1988 0 1989 0 Pike 1988 0 1989 0 Polk 1988 0 1989 0 Pdaski 1988 0 1989 2 Putnam 1988 0 1989 0 Quitman 1988 0 1989 0 Rabun 1988 0 1989 0 Randolph 1988 0 1989 1 Table 1.38B - Continued Liquor Publk Other Curfew/ DUl Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy ONense Loitering Runaway Table 1.38B - Continued NON- INDEX Crimes Other Forgery/ As~aults Counterfeit Other Stolen Weapons Prostitutiod Sex Fraud Embezzlement property Vandalism Violation Corma Vice Offense Narcotic Drul~ Lam Richmond 1988 1989 Rockdale 1988 1989 Schley 1988 1989 Screven 1988 1989 Seminole 1988 1989 Spalding 1988 1989 Stephens 1988 1989 Stewart 1988 1989 Sumter 1988 1989 Talbot 1988 1989 Taliaferro 1988 1989 Tattnall 1988 1989 Taylor 1988 1989 Telfai. 1988 1989 Terrell 1988 1989 Table 1.38B - Continued County Family Gambling Offense DUI Liquor Public Other Curfew1 Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy O f f e w Loitering Runaway Richmond 1988 1989 Rockdale 1988 1989 Schley 1988 1989 Screven 1988 1989 Seminole 1988 1989 Spalding 1988 1989 Stephens 1988 1989 Stewart 1988 1989 Sumter 1988 1989 Talbot 1988 1989 Taliaferro 1988 1989 Tattnall 1988 1989 Taylor 1988 1989 Telfair 1988 1989 Terrell 1988 1989 Table 1.38B - Continued Comv NONINDEX Criws Olber Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit Other Sbkn Weapons Pmtitutiod Stx Fraud Embezzlemtnt property Vandalism Violation Comra Vice Offense Narcotic D~lg LpWs Thomas 1988 1,466 1989 1,652 Tifi 1988 3,488 1989 3,090 Toombs 1988 661 1989 Towns 1,067 1988 % 1989 25 Treutlen 1988 209 1989 Troup 1988 88 4,939 1989 4,983 Turner 1988 146 1989 154 =wkY 1988 35 1989 70 Union 1988 129 1989 211 Upson 1988 717 1989 637 Walker 1988 1,634 1989 1,722 Walton 1988 1,007 1989 765 Ware 1988 2,279 1989 2,112 Warren 1988 0 1989 23 Washington 1988 726 1989 817 - Table 1.38B Continued County Family Gambling ONtmt DUI Liquor Public Other Lews Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy ONtnse Thomas 1988 1 1989 0 Tift 1988 8 1989 4 Toombs 1988 0 1989 0 Towns 1988 0 1989 0 Treutlen 1988 0 1989 0 Troup 1988 6 1989 7 Turner 1988 0 1989 0 Twk!9 1988 0 1989 0 Union 1988 0 1989 0 Upson 1988 0 1989 2 Walker 1988 0 1989 1 Walton 1988 0 1989 0 Ware 1988 10 1989 0 Warren 1988 0 1989 0 Washington 1988 0 1989 0 Runaway - Table 1.38B Continued County - NONINDEX Crimes - - Other Forgery1 Assaults Counterfeit Other Stolen Weapons Prostitutiod Sex Fraud Enlbczzlement properly Vandalism Violation Corms Vice Offense - Narcotic Dm Laws Wayne 1988 1989 Webster 1988 1989 Wheeler 1988 1989 White 1988 1989 Whittield 1988 1989 Wilcox 1988 1989 Wilkes 1988 1989 Wilkinson 1988 1989 Worth 1988 1989 424 516 37 11 163 208 426 263 5,055 5,297 100 65 334 384 113 118 454 498 State Agency 1988 1989 13,424 14,852 Total 1988 1989 367,991 395,422 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center - Table 1.38B Continued County Family Gambling Offense DUI Liquor Public Other Curlew1 Laws Drunkenness Disturbance Vagrancy Offense Loitering R-ay Wayne 1988 1989 Webster 1988 1989 Wheeler 1988 1989 White 1988 1989 Whitfield 1988 1989 Wilcox 1988 1989 Wies 1988 1989 Wilkinson 1988 1989 Worth 1988 1989 State Agency 1988 14 1989 12 Total 1988 181 1989 238 30 8,280 80 35 9,705 86 5,554 66,033 5,148 7,231 41,949 5,952 0 6 0 9 3,445 34,088 3,535 45,501 0 1,421 4 16 0 1,299 0 10 43 69,021 680 6,568 50 76,246 1,129 7,299 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center The Georgia Bureau of Investigationjoins the criminaljustice community of Georgia in extending sincere sympathy to the families of the following law enforcement officers who gave their lives while protecting and serving the citizens of their community during 1989. LAYNE B. COOK, OFFICER Atlanta Bureau of Police Services Shot and killed at the scene of a domesticviolence call involving drugs. J. E. DAVIS, OFFICER Atlanta Bureau of Police Services Shot and killed with a .38 Smith & Wesson while pursuing a robbery suspect. CLOIS W. LAMB, PATROLMAN Columbus Police Department Killed by a .25 automatic weapon used by an individual who walked into the Columbus Police Department and opened fire. OFFICERS KILLED AND ASSAULTED Statistics compiled in Table 1.39 are taken from reports to the Georgia Crime Information Center by law enforcement agencies. The most serious assaults committed against officers resultedin 19deathsduringthe period 1985- 1989.1986was a peak year with 6 officers killed. Yearly changes in the total number of officers assaulted show an increase from 1985to 1989. This increase is more evident when types of activities are examined. Handling, transportingand custodyis the only type of activitythat did not show an increase. Assaults upon police officers increased slightly from 1,093in 1985to 1,303in 1989. Another area of interest is the type of weapon used during assaults. In contrast to the weapon types most frequently used inthe commissionof aggravatedassaults(cuttingtools, firearms, other weapons; Figure 1.6B), officers are most frequentlyassaulted by hands, fats or feet. The number of reported personal injuries sustained by law enforcement personnel during assaults over the five year period 1985-1989has increased. Most of the injuries were sustainedbetween the hours of 6:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m. Table 139 - REPORTED LAW ENFORCEMENTOIWICERS KILLED AND ASSAULTED, 1985 1989 NUMBER OF OFFICERS KILLED OFFICERS ASSAULTED Type of activity Attempting other arrests Responding to disturbancecalls TraBFic pursuits and other stops Hans transportingand custody All others Yearly total Type of weapon Firearm Knife or cutting instrument Other dangerous weapons Hands, fist or feet Yearly total Injury Officers with personal injuries Officers without personal injuries Yearly total Type of assignment Alone Assisted Yearly total Time of Assaults Daytime(6:OO a.m.4.00 p.m.) Nittime(6:OO p.m.-6:00 a.m.) Yearly total Total number cleared 4 334 203 85 141 330 1,093 1,093 327 766 1,093 1,093 278 815 1,093 1,011 Source: Georgia Crime Information Center 6 357 201 111 107 336 1,112 1,112 310 802 1,112 1,112 286 826 1,112 1,025 2 375 299 165 125 416 l,3m 1,380 460 920 l?m 1,380 374 1,006 1,380 1,199 4 381 305 123 83 372 1,264 1,264 389 875 1,264 1,264 431 833 1,264 1,114 3 368 252 159 129 395 1,303 1,303 347 956 1,303 1,303 328 975 1,303 1,175 Figure 1.22A LAM ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS KILLED FlVE YEAR TREND Figure 1.22B LAU ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS ASSAULTED FlVE YEAR TREND NUMBER REPORTED 1,400 1,380~ I I 4 nnn 1,060 1,000 1086 1088 1087 YEAR 1088 1980 PROFILE OF TRAFFIC FATALITIES Comprehensive data on traffic fatalities are available from the GeorgiaDepartmentof PublicSafetyAccidentReporting data base. Figures indicate that in 1988 more traffic fatalities occurred than in any of the previous three years. Total fatalities increased by 270 over 1985 figures, while DUI related fatalities increased by 129. The effects of alcohol use while driving has received much media attention in recent years. Tables 1.40 and 1.41 provide data on fatal accidents and fatalities caused by DUI (blood alcohol content of .10 or greater). Additional data are provided for fatalities by month, location and type (Table 1.42) and holiday trafficdeathsin 1988 and 1989 (Table 1.43). Holiday traffic deaths normally account for a large proportion of deaths on our highways. In 1989, the Fourth of July was the most costly with a total of 30 fatalities m 102hours. Figure 1.23 TRAFFIC FATALITIES 1985-1989 NUMBER REPORTED 1985 1986 1987 YEAR 1988 1989 Figure 1.24 TRAFFIC FATALITIES BY MONTH 1989 NUMBER REPORTED 200 - I t I I I I I I I I I JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MONTH Table 1.40 - FATALACCIDENTS* INVOLVING DUI,1985 1989 Total Fatal Accidents DUI Related Fatal Accidents % of Fatal Ackidents - DUI Related 1,224 369 30.1% *Accidentsimhring driver, passengers,pedestrians,pcdalcylist with Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)level of .10 or above. Source: Georgia Department of Public Safety Table 1.41 - FATALITIES* INVOLVING DUI, 1985 1989 Total Fatalities DUI Related Fatalities % of Fatalities - DUI Related * The actual number of persons killed in accidents involving the driver, parsengers, pedestrians,pedalcyclist with Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) level of .10 or above. Source: Georgia Department of Public Safety Month January February March April May June Juhl August September October November December Table 1.42 - TRAFFIC FATALITIES BY MONTH, LOCATION AND TYPE 1988 1989 Rd 1988 1989 Urban 1988 1989 Total 1988 1989 Pcdrstrhn 1988 1989 Molorcyck 1988 1989 OUur Vehlcles 1988 1989 Total 1988 1989 Source:Georgia Department of Public Safety Holiday Memorial Day Fourth of July Labor Day Thanksgiving Christmas New Years Total Table 1.43 - HOLIDAY TRAFFICTOLL, 1988 1989 Accidents 1988 1989 Injuries 1988 1989 1,552 1,6% 2,314 2,349 1,582 1,852 1,750 2,838 1,618 2,511 2,545 1,880 11,345 13,142 691 750 738 1,023 833 598 940 920 691 610 655 624 4,548 4,525 Fatalities 1988 1989 13 13 11 30 16 18 33 25 22 13 13 18 108 117 DUI Fatalities 1988 1989 * 6 * 12 * 11 * 14 * 10 * 6 59 Hours 1988 1989 78 78 78 102 78 78 102 102 78 78 78 78 492 516 - 1988 One fatalityevery45 holiday hours. - 1989 One fatalityevery4.4holidayhours. One DUI fatalityevery8.7 holidayhours. DUI fatalities for 1988were not availableby holidays. Soum: GeorgiaDepartment of Public Safety. GEORGIA BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION The Georgia Bureau of Investigation was created in 1937. The initial charter authorized the establishment of a State Bureau of Identification to maintain fingerprint and criminal history information and the employment of individualstrained as criminal investigatorsto assist local law enforcement officers throughout the state. Today the GBI provides a wide variety of law enforcement services statewide, with sufficient flexibility to adapt to changing crime patterns and needs of the law enforcement community in this state and in neighboring states. The GBI has four operating divisions: INVESTIGATIVE DMSION This division is charged with conducting investigations at the request of Superior Court Judges, District Attorneys, Chiefsof Police, Sheriffs,or at thedirection of the Governor into violations of state laws. The division is heavily involved in the investigation of drug traffic and organized crime, in addition to its work with local law enforcement agencies in the investigation of traditional crimes, such as robbery, burglary, homicide, etc. The division is headed by a G.B.I. Deputy Director and is divided into three main sections: Special Operations, consisting of specialized squads based in Atlanta; Field Operations, consisting of 13 regional offices; and the Drug Enforcement Section consisting of four Regional Drug Enforcement Offices and specialized squadsbased in Atlanta. GCIC assists both state and local law enforcement agencies in ongoing criminal investigations by developing suspect lists through accessto computerized criminaljustice data. During fiscal year 1991, GCIC will fully implement the Georgia Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS). AFIS technology will permit experts to search single latent fingerprints found at crime scenes against the master fingerprint file which contains all fingerprint and criminal history information for known criminal offenders in Georgia. DMSION OF FORENSIC SCIENCES The Division of Forensic Sciences provides support for all law enforcement agencies in the areas of crirninalistics, serology, drug identification, questioned documents, pathology, firearms identification, latent prints, implied consent and toxicology. The Division has branch laboratories in Augusta, Columbus, Macon, Moultrie and Savannah. ADMINISTRATIVEDMSION The Administrative Division furnishesfinancial, logistic and personnel support services for the entire Bureau. GEORGIA CRIME INFORMATION CENTER The GeorgiaCrimeInformationCenter maintains the computerized repository of criminal history information, operates the statewide communications network used by criminal justice agencies throughout the state and is the interface with the National Crime Information Center. Reports of all criminal investigations and reported crimes are forwarded to the Georgia Crime Information Center. GCIC computers enable law enforcement agencies to check for criminal reports on suspects, check for stolen items, such as guns, equipment, motor vehicles, etc. and transmit lookouts and other important messages from agency to agency or to all agencies quickly. Table 1.44 - GEORGIABUREAU OF INVESTIGATION PRODUCTIVITY DATA 1989 INVESTIGATIVE DMSION GEORGIA CRIME INFORMATION CENTER DMSION OF FORENSIC SCIENCES Criminal Investigations Assistance Rendered Cases Total Cascs Polygraph Examinations Conducted Arrests Value of Stolen property-red Contraband Seized 53259 8,547 3,616 4,386 34,3nm $133,101,214 Criminal Justice Agency Audits Completed 226 Terminal Operators Certified/Recertified 310 Active Mainframe Computer Programs 950 ProgramtSystem Developments & Modifications 57 Criminal Fingerprint Cards Proccsced 212,459 Civil Fingerprint Cards Processed 70,894 CCH Records InitiatedAJpdated 301,615 VCR Reports R e c c i 1,'5452,865 Blank Forms Distributed 3,3!B,710 State/Loral Agency Assistance Projects 4,244 Training Hours Presented Personnel Trained 608 3m CTIS Network Transactions '545,995,854 Number of Cases: Atlanta Savannah Columbus Augusta Moultrie Macon 55,943 7,842 5,764 4,409 6N 6,892 Total 87,396 Court Appearances: Hours reported 9,869 Crime Scenes Processed: Hours reported 1,460 Types of Cases: Pathology Questioned Documents Criminalistics serology D N I~D Toxicology Latent Prints Implied consent Non-Lab Number of Autopsies Performed: 824 2. COURTS INTRODUCTION The judicial powers of the State of Georgia are vested exclusively in seven classes of courts: magistrate, probate, juvenile, state, superior, the Court of Appeals and the Supreme Court. The magistrate, probate, juvenile and state courts are courts of limited jurisdiction. Additionally, the constitutionprovidesthat the General Assemblymay establish or authorize the establishment of municipal courts which have jurisdiction over ordinance violations and other offenses as may be provided by law. The courts of Georgia comprise a unified judicial system. Superior Courts The superior court is Georgia's court of generaljurisdiction, having exclusive jurisdiction over felony cases and cases involving divorce, equity and questions of land title. With the exception of certain probate and juvenile matters, the superior courts exercise concurrent jurisdiction in other caseswiththe limitedjurisdiction courtslocated in the same county or circuit. Each of the state's 159 counties has a superior court, such courts being organized by single or multiple county judicial circuits. Currently there are 137 superior court judges serving in 45 circuits divided into ten administrative districts, with an Administrative Judge and Court Administrator for each. Prosecution of cases before a superior court is conducted by a District Attorney elected on a circuit wide basis. State Courts Juvenile Courts Juvenile courts have exclusiveoriginaljurisdiction in cases involving delinquent children alleged to have committed noncapital offenses, unruly children under the age of 17, deprived children under the age of 18, and juvenile traffic offenders under the age of 16. With the exception of the juvenile court judge in Floyd county, who is an elected official,juvenile courtjudges are generallyappointed for six year terms by their counties' superior court judges. As of July 1, 1989, there were 12 full time juvenile court judges and38part timejudges servingthe state's 63countieshaving separatejuvenile courts. Where no separate juvenile court has been established,a judge of the superior court serves as judge of the juvenile court. Magistrate Courts The 1983 Constitution of the State of Georgia established magistrate courts to replace justice of the peace courts and small claims courts. A magistrate court exists in each county of the state and servesas a court of limitedjurisdiction.They serve as courts of inquiry, may issue arrest and search warrants, try violations of county ordinances, punish for contempt, and grant bail in all cases where the granting of bail is not exclusively committed to some other court or officer. As of July 1,1989, there were 159 chief magistrates and 284 magistrates: 39 also serve probate, juvenile, civil, or municipal courts. Statecourts exercisejurisdiction over trials of misdemeanor criminal cases and have general civil jurisdiction over the trial of all general civil actions, regardless of the amount claimed, unless exclusivejurisdiction is vested in the superior courts.The state courts'jurisdiction also includes hearing applications for and issuing search and arrest warrants, holding courts of inquiry and punishing contempts by fine and/or imprisonment. As of July 1, 1989, state courts operated in 63counties (Cherokee and Forsythcountiesare served by one court). Of the 86 judges presiding, 41 were full time state court judges; two were full time associate judges and 45 served part time. Prosecution of cases before a state court is conducted by a Solicitor elected on a county wide basis. Court of Appeals The Court of Appeals has appellate jurisdiction in all cases where exclusive jurisdiction does not rest with the Supreme Court. The Court of Appeals is composed of nine judges and is divided into three panels of three judges each. The Court of Appeals is authorized to correct errors in cases on appeal except where the Supreme Court has exclusivejurisdiction. Examples of cases appealable to the Court of Appeals include claims for damages, criminal cases other than capital felonies, and compensation and insurance claims. Caseload data are collected by the court on an annual basis and include numbers of cases docketed; however, the numbers do not provide data on specific criminal appeals. Probate Courts The probate courts exercise jurisdiction in the probate of wills, administration of estates, appointment of guardians and the involuntary hospitalization of incapacitated adults and other dependent individuals.Other duties for which the probate judges may be responsible, depending on the particular county, include holding habeas corpus hearings, acting as a court of inquiry, hearing traffic cases and trying violationsof state game and fish laws.There are 159probate judges, each serving a single county. Supreme Court The SupremeCourt of Georgia has sevenjustices, who elect one of their number to be the Chief Justice. The Supreme Court is the final court of review in the state and has exclusive appellate jurisdiction in constitutional questions and contests. It has appellate jurisdiction in all habeas corpus cases, and all cases in which a sentence of death was imposed or could be imposed. It also has jurisdiction over a variety of civil matters. Courts Data The Administrative Office of the Courts, an arm of the Supreme Court and the staff of the Judicial Council of Georgia, collects, processes and maintains caseload information on the principal courts of the state. The data are critical in making decisions concerning the creation of judgeships and the boundaries of existing judicial circuits. Caseload data are collectedby the AdministrativeOffice of the Courts for the superior, state, probate, juvenile and magistrate courts. The Supreme Court and the Court of Appeals collect their own caseload data. With few exceptions, data collected and compiled for the courts reflect only workload factors and do not readily allow qualitative analysis of the functions of the courts. Note: In 1985AOC began compilingstatistics accordingto calendar year; some tables reflect this change. Figure 2.1 JUDICIAL COUNCIL OF GEORGIA GEORGIA - J U M C I K L m C T S CIRCUIT BOUNDARY COllNlV ROUHIIARV --. ---- O.,.. 50 11111. Superior Courts 5-year trend: total filings/ dispositions FYI984 I CY1985 I CY1986 I CY1987 I CY1988 I 5-year trend: civil filings1 dispositions 5-year trend: criminal filings/ dispositions 55,224 1 total filings/ dispositions 82.529 90.885 Filings Dispositions Table 2.1 CY 1988 Superior Court Caseload (Docket entries) Circuit Alapaha Alcovy Appalachian Atlanta Atlantic Augusta Blue Ridge Brunswick Chattahoochee Cherokee Clayton Cobb Conasauga Cordele Coweta Dougherty Douglas Dublin Eastern Flint Griffin Gwinnett Houston Lookout Mountain Macon Middle Mountain Northeastern Northern Ocmulgee Oconee Ogeechee Pataula Piedmont Rockdale Rome South Georgia Southern Southwestern Stone Mountain Tallapoosa Tifton Toom bs Waycross Western TOTALS AVERAGE PER JUDGE* Total Criminal Filed Disposed 3,416 3,383 935 10,141 3,095 2,677 931 2.040 2,546 1,917 1,847 3,852 1.884 1.114 1.976 1,208 1,634 1,048 2,634 1,445 1,962 1,836 964 2,380 2.398 1,006 844 2,326 1.200 2,999 1,008 1,125 1,052 948 51 7 1,996 900 1,875 1,538 5,194 1,561 1,380 1,331 1,746 1,076 90,885 663 3,185 3,158 876 10,266 3,032 1,905 803 1,840 2,254 1,568 1,740 4,121 1,612 897 1,974 1,059 1.361 818 2,407 1.186 1,927 1,488 826 2,501 2,404 70 1 703 1,969 1,061 3.008 848 1,252 89 1 925 550 2,034 948 1,821 1,494 4,428 1,615 1,192 1.295 1.572 971 84,486 61 7 Felony Filed Disposed 1,141 1,292 334 1,041 1,128 277 8,690 733 2,048 8.818 672 1,338 615 1,661 1,724 493 1.392 1,444 794 1,334 2,948 562 1,235 3,136 788 675 1.405 627 508 1,404 1,098 942 673 528 390 25 1 2,286 606 1,076 2,031 458 992 1.704 450 958 1,356 313 933 1,665 777 51 1 1.654 483 416 992 634 1,293 753 543 1,172 467 354 86 1 998 483 452 482 45 1 319 300 520 474 550 1,395 728 539 1,349 698 3,941 468 684 3,175 442 559 360 3- 6- 5- 73 1 566 700 589 53,984 394 48,211 352 'Based on 137 superior court judges. " Probation revocations were not included as a criminal case type prior to 1988 Misdemeanor Filed Disposed 2,173 1,665 456 2,042 1,615 454 23 2,185 515 20 2,180 460 30 24 224 293 617 605 546 438 105 97 272 385 914 802 32 1 271 314 313 0 7 71 5 593 338 247 0 0 682 571 747 796 57 78 1,256 57 77 1,338 88 105 28 17 274 228 1,026 300 1,605 90 1 252 1,735 383 336 12 12 473 343 355 32 1,145 365 74 1,242 69 6 1 353 338 338 325 0 0 869 942 53 1 477 854 81 7 582 579 53 59 23.603 172 22,893 167 Probation Revocation " Filed Disposed 102 102 426 415 145 145 1.428 177 11 1 1.428 180 107 286 286 155 155 205 205 577 568 408 408 63 1 600 182 183 118 118 257 257 110 110 246 240 320 320 348 376 157 157 139 139 75 75 436 436 166 230 645 645 20 1 20 1 59 59 308 315 266 266 101 101 158 158 252 242 96 96 11 1 109 166 176 33 1 318 280 348 127 134 472 471 1,253 224 165 1,253 23 1 156 117 113 433 427 323 323 13,293 97 13,382 98 Table 2.1 CY 1988 Superior Court Caseload (Docket entries) Total Civil Filed Disposed 1,663 2,782 1,240 1,395 2,994 1,171 11,538 3,368 12,228 3,138 General Civil Filed Disposed 889 1,183 492 702 1,289 472 3,827 1,134 4,206 1.060 Domestic Relations Filed D.isposed 774 1,599 748 7,711 2.234 693 1,705 699 8,022 2.078 Total Caseload Filed Disposed 5,079 6,165 2,175 21,679 6.463 4,580 6,152 2,047 22,494 6.170 Total Open Caseload 2,349 2,682 1,399 5,681 1.255 CY 1988 State Court Caseload a County Bibb Carroll Chatham CherokeeIForsyth Clarke Cobb Colquitt Coweta DeKalb Fulton Gwinnett Habersham Houston Jackson Lowndes Miller Muscogee Richmond Spalding Sumter Tift Treutlen Washington Worth Misdemeanor Filed Disposed 5,509 394 2,248 3.984 5,474 429 1,841 3,757 2,548 5.404 869 758 N/A 5,041 727 96 1 7,175 20,557 2,601 745 5,649 15,608 1,828 684 1,554 366 2,874 54 1,449 35 1 2,861 54 2,390 3,583 71 1 1,068 1,395 1,859 553 96 1 1,758 123 40 1 298 1,510 123 383 23 1 Traffic Filed Disposed 2.864 5,114 2,075 9,692 2,803 3,972 1,699 8,983 6,224 61,225 1,449 3,973 N/A 59,079 1,243 3,718 7,215 9,985 1,610 1,216 8,239 6,330 1,050 1,364 10,961 4,906 8,941 404 10,754 4,861 9,165 404 2,665 5,775 2,804 1,286 1,558 3,474 2.481 1,286 7,234 4,112 74 1 2,594 6,332 4,112 677 2,291 Civil Filed Disposed 590 571 5,218 1,429 545 191 4,571 1,043 387 27,130 87 475 NIA 23,777 55 360 71,914 46,609 5,100 98 62,577 21,899 5,006 59 1,235 984 68 29 N/A NIA 0 1 349 24 659 322 242 167 71 53 264 198 12 4 16 8 110 22 'Criminal caseloads equal the number of defendants; civil caseload equals number of docket entries. Dispositions not reported. "Civil caseload data not submitted. *Figures for the first half of CY 1988 only. 'Criminal dispositions estimated for the first half of CY 1988. Total Caseload Filed Disposed 8,963 6,079 9,541 15,105 8,822 4,592 8,111 13,783 - 9,159 93,759 2,405 5,206 N/A 87,897 2,025 5,039 86,304 77,151 9,311 2,059 76,465 43,837 7,884 2.107 13,750 5,340 N/A 458 13,187 5,241 NIA 459 5,404 10,017 3,757 2,425 2,977 5,655 3,201 2,300 9,256 4,247 1,158 3,002 8,040 4,239 1,068 2,544 Table 2.3A FY 1989 Probate Court Civil Caseload (Docket entries) County Administration No Administration Necessary Probate Year's Common Solemn Guardianship Support Hospitalization Atkinson ' 3 0 Bacon ' 2 1 Baker ' 3 0 Baldwin 18 5 Banks 9 0 Barrow 11 10 Bartow 26 14 Ben Hill 16 5 Bibb 77 39 Bleckley 2 2 Brantley 1 2 Bryan 19 0 Bulloch 2 1 2 Butts 9 4 Candler 6 4 Chatham * 40 15 Cherokee 28 18 Clarke 79 12 Clay * 0 0 Clayton 69 29 Clinch 8 1 Cobb 171 52 Coffee 23 8 Colquitt 13 23 Coweta 36 14 Crawford 2 1 Dawson 5 4 Decatur 20 5 DeKalb" 51 58 Dodge 10 9 Dooly 1 0 Dougherty ' 32 14 Douglas 22 9 Early 4 1 Effingham 15 1 ~vais 3 0 Fannin 13 4 Fayette 20 8 Fulton 427 263 Gilmer ' 3 1 Grady 13 10 Greene 14 1 Gwinnett 101 36 Hall ' 22 7 Haralson 39 0 Harris ' 4 1 Heard * 0 0 Henry 19 17 Jasper 3 0 Jones 11 0 Laurens 32 15 Lee * 4 5 Liberty 35 1 Long ' 0 0 Lowndes * 24 6 Macon * 12 2 McDuffie ' 6 4 Miller 9 3 Mitchell 16 7 Monroe 9 5 1 10 6 0 7 1 6 1 0 8 0 6 4 0 7 11 8 1 67 3 225 1 27 8 3 7 0 68 42 2 44 1 147 58 12 116 5 50 15 4 17 13 454 117 52 108 1 26 6 2 0 0 16 7 3 0 2 25 18 1 16 4 105 17 3 19 0 41 16 5 3 1 22 5 0 0 9 124 112 27 29 9 125 32 14 4 1 15 214 100 11 82 0 5 0 0 0 9 256 280 45 72 1 11 3 40 71 7 389 5 68 29 4 94 18 2 0 78 142 5 0 4 29 8 143 75 16 67 0 19 7 2 0 1 32 10 - ~ 3 19 0 66 27 5 26 69 487 290 67 18 3 44 23 4 4 0 18 3 1 4 10 120 68 5 42 1 124 85 18 20 0 28 3 0 13 8 46 3 1 6 2 1 0 13 3 0 2 2 28 8 5 0 6 82 36 12 0 221 1.569 1.299 150 46 2 5 3 1 5 3 36 10 1 4 1 9 23 9 1 4 15 396 28 1 34 76 4 116 43 7 20 0 62 15 12 27 1 7 6 1 0 0 7 2 0 1 11 129 75 13 26 4 26 6 1 3 7 54 17 4 13 - 2 97 42- 7 67 0 9 6 3 7 0 6 1 105 9 74 0 5 1 1 4 1 35 16 12 22 4 54 19 0 24 0 27 17 4 26 1 18 1 0 0 1 50 11 2 1 5 40 8 0 3 Habeas Corpus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Licenses Marriage Pistol 36 23 11 365 70 270 503 190 1,692 124 97 99 269 130 58 554 540 551 8 2,275 58 4,685 357 372 564 86 83 246 2,500 146 2 1 765 954 85 176 48 121 454 7,519 38 190 80 3,135 466 23 1 33 2 1 452 65 140 418 64 1,300 16 44 1 116 80 42 166 128 26 17 11 268 60 200 455 127 875 114 58 98 183 184 21 290 560 382 5 1,082 13 2,387 198 119 34 1 62 97 76 1,150 79 5 1 491 603 77 205 33 151 450 5,383 28 46 92 1,735 333 220 20 16 526 59 204 286 93 161 9 152 99 123 48 97 123 Total Civil 89 59 42 1.043 185 647 1,332 429 3,427 277 184 278 623 392 117 1,201 1,367 1,448 18 4,117 97 8,661 693 676 1,265 179 254 471 4,699 323 99 1,547 1,836 21 1 509 102 332 1,068 16,877 86 350 233 5,809 1,018 607 73 47 1,268 167 450 966 191 1,746 36 709 330 287 122 351 321 Table 2.3A FY 1989 Probate Court Civil Caseload (Docket entries) County Administration No Administration Necessary Probate Common Solemn Guardianship Year's Support Hospital- Habeas ization Corpus Morgan ' 5 1 Murray" 11 8 Muscogee 184 21 Oglethorpe 4 13 Paulding 21 8 Peach * 4 0 Pierce * 6 4 Pike " 3 0 Polk 11 0 Putnam 16 6 Quitman 3 2 Randolph 9 2 Richmond 109 5 1 Rockdale 23 21 Seminole 13 4 Spalding 21 15 Tattnall 10 7 Taylor 8 0 Telfair 7 2 Terrell 11 1 Thomas 28 8 Tift 20 6 Towns 9 1 Troup 20 18 Turner 14 6 Union 16 1 Walker 29 25 Walton 35 14 Ware 28 11 Warren * 0 1 Washington 14 9 Wheeler 0 0 White 12 8 Whitfield " 23 25 Wilkes ' 8 0 Wilkinson 9 4 Worth 5 3 1 7 3 2 3 0 1 43 13 6 22 0 18 463 286 61 64 0 0 27 17 3 8 0 0 99 37 0 18 0 10 28 6 0 23 8 7 0 0 0 5 0 6 20 0 0 3 0 4 101 17 11 71 0 4 26 13 5 7 0 1 7 1 0 2 0 0 3 1 9 0 0 0 56 343 170 127 202 0 11 86 73 5 14 0 1 2 1 5 3 13 2 1 139 61 12 45 0 2 143 16 3 18 6 0 26 6 1 26 13 5 18 0 3 62 0 1 16 0 0 5 0 1 124 29 5 430 0 0 72 17 2 34 0 0 39 6 0 0 0 6 166 48 22 77 0 2 39 24 1 3 0 5 22 2 1 4 0 0 5 141 75 14 38 0 5 83 38 11 52 0 6 96 23 20 56 0 0 5 6 0 0 0 9 28 6 1 13 0 2 4 6 4 4 0 1 39 5 5 194 36 1 23 7 1 19 6 4 48 22 7 5 0 16 100 1 1 4 0 2 17 0 3 18 0 Incompletesubm~ssionsfor FY 1989 " CY 1988 data. Licenses Marriage Pistol 32 215 2,133 86 59 1 36 140 81 447 120 19 64 1,553 642 65 1 583 120 5 1 98 87 413 394 41 486 57 111 228 30 1 434 7 138 36 138 422 36 73 175 27 127 786 104 39 1 29 64 84 314 133 15 64 1,181 422 59 417 119 48 105 102 164 204 9 1 410 70 170 194 26 1 257 16 92 26 60 273 9 88 149 Total Civil 81 446 4,016 262 1,154 92 284 202 976 330 50 179 3,792 1,297 772 1,294 440 199 26 1 246 1,202 749 187 1,253 216 350 749 800 93 1 35 310 82 275 1,095 89 219 427 Table 2.3B County Atkinson ' Bacon ' Baker * Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Bleckley Brantley Butts Clay ' Crawford Dawson Dodge Dooly * Douglas Fannin Fayette Gilmer ' Greene Haralson Harris * Heard ' Henry Jasper Laurens Lee McDuffie Monroe Morgan * Murray " Oglethorpe Paulding Peach' Pike " Polk Quitman Randolph Seminole Taylor Telfair Terrell Towns Turner Union Walton Warren ' Wheeler White Wilkes Wilkinson Misdemeanors Filed Disposed 0 0 129 161 0 0 59 1 574 66 56 0 0 70 70 190 190 3 1 29 47 38 101 85 0 0 167 164 233 228 145 9 1 0 0 6 6 104 101 3 6 227 171 8 8 0 0 303 262 25 30 0 0 77 70 324 329 0 0 17 17 83 74 109 109 0 0 10 10 28 38 40 32 0 0 86 76 12 12 0 0 Incomplete submissions for FY 1989 " CY 1988 data. Traffic Filed Disposed 556 44 1 71 2 1,706 5,355 789 743 865 1,473 144 1,167 684 709 1,706 4,855 670 1,300 865 1,473 122 1,152 604 1,989 916 1,446 86 1 2,339 2,105 538 82 5,233 1,010 4,464 1.067 1,347 10.657 1,268 2,560 879 1,843 96 1,070 1,613 280 920 1,248 802 1.069 2,259 1,383 538 86 5,086 1,010 4,261 749 1,466 10.126 1,418 2,560 879 1,809 96 1,070 1,588 280 922 1,148 708 94 1 1,511 486 1,393 407 638 635 472 336 Total Caseload Filed Disposed 556 44 1 84 1 1,706 5,946 855 743 935 1,663 175 1,214 785 870 1,706 5,429 726 1,300 935 1,663 151 1,190 689 1,989 1,083 1,446 1.025 2,572 2,250 538 88 5,337 1,013 4.691 1.075 1,347 10.960 1,293 2,560 956 2,167 96 1,087 1,696 389 920 1,258 830 1.109 2,487 1.474 538 92 5,187 1,016 4,432 757 1,466 10,388 1,448 2,560 949 2,138 96 1,087 1,662 389 922 1,158 746 973 1,511 572 1,393 483 650 647 472 336 Table 2.4 CY 1988 Juvenile Court Caseload (Number of children) County Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker Baldwin Banks Barrow Bartow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bryan Bulloch Burke Butts Calhoun Carnden Candler Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatharn Chattahoochee Chattooga Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Cook Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dwly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingharn Elbert Ernanuel Evans Fannin Fayette Floyd Forsyth Franklin Fulton Gilrner Glascock Glynn Gordon Grady Delinquent Filed Disposed 124 11 14 1 188 11 82 28 1 40 71 913 10 17 70 94 96 103 75 4 187 7 316 172 18 1,095 21 53 292 516 9 980 5 1,651 98 9 6 0 185 6 69 21 4 8 58 745 9 9 45 66 74 96 57 3 169 5 293 165 9 738 2 1 48 224 505 8 634 4 1,318 56 17 14 4 908 867 416 410 50 43 1 1 98 91 50 47 62 59 Unruly Filed Disposed 21 16 3 0 0 0 2 2 11 11 3 2 17 16 86 69 0 0 37 29 163 142 3 2 1 1 23 12 44 32 13 13 4 4 16 15 1 1 131 119 2 2 246 151 19 19 8 5 339 252 0 0 16 16 125 94 122 120 2 2 354 241 2 2 732 607 Traffic Filed Disposed 23 8 0 0 22 7 13 192 1 4 315 2 0 6 8 23 14 11 2 13 0 190 8 1 0 623 0 49 212 85 1 906 0 1.386 22 3 0 0 22 7 12 173 1 3 314 2 0 2 6 19 13 8 2 13 0 183 80 0 53 0 48 188 85 1 584 0 1.195 Deprived Filed Disposed 22 20 15 13 24 14 5 4 110 107 5 5 54 5 1 154 113 3 2 - 26 16 122 73 11 10 25 19 22 17 22 19 24 20 38 38 32 18 7 7 88 72 11 6 121 109 87 72 8 8 577 347 4 4 3 3 140 112 197 197 16 16 476 358 19 17 460 382 9 4 0 0 121 117 184 182 11 9 2 2 35 35 5 1 20 10 3 0 0 0 2 1 9 197 190 1i0 110 16 16 109 103 8 6 6 6 0 0 2 2 15 14 18 16 16 16 11 10 15 13 7 7 18 10 S~ecial Total ~rodeedin~s Caseload Filed Disposed Filed Disposed 2 2 192 158 0 0 37 25 0 0 38 20 1 1 9 7 5 5 336 330 0 0 26 20 2 1 19 187 167 130 102 843 671 1 0 45 11 3 2 141 108 403 235 1,916 1,509 3 3 29 26 8 8 51 37 4 0 125 76 6 1 174 124 4 1 160 127 11 10 170 161 7 5 141 103 6 5 20 18 65 61 484 434 1 1 2 1 14 6 0 879 736 1 1 360 337 1 1 35 23 67 18 2,701 1,408 2 2 27 27 3 3 124 118 55 4 1 824 659 16 16 936 923 3 3 3 1 30 150 118 2,866 1,935 3 3 29 26 217 195 4,446 3,697 2 0 90 3 1 3 3 38 16 75 68 1.411 1,352 74 70 799 781 2 2 77 66 2 2 7 7 10 6 176 162 2 2 84 76 2 2 104 9 1 Table 2.4 CY 1988 Juvenile Court Caseload (Number of children) County Greene Gwinnett Habersham Hall Hancock Haralson Harris, Hart Heard Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper ~ e fDfavis Jefferson Jenkins Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Laurens Lee Liberty Lincoln Long Lowndes Lumpkin Macon Madison Marion McDuffie Mclntosh Meriwether Miller Mitchell Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee Newton Oconee Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce Pike Polk Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph Richmond Rockdale Schley Screven Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumpter Talbot Delinquent Filed Disposed 17 1,201 24 313 12 4 1 32 75 17 252 359 11 78 18 48 58 18 17 35 59 26 203 73 207 6 10 262 3 76 57 18 96 19 73 16 66 57 8 28 93 1331 229 42 10 217 83 24 25 39 99 24 9 3 34 23 1,279 208 6 23 12 373 64 18 161 7 15 1,129 15 304 3 37 20 73 15 249 256 10 62 17 45 36 5 16 34 46 20 198 70 185 10 6 227 2 73 44 14 83 7 70 14 53 57 7 19 57 1142 177 34 9 199 69 22 18 33 85 18 8 3 29 20 1,101 154 4 20 10 280 57 18 160 7 Unruly Filed Disposed 3 3 564 518 6 4 205 203 0 0 4 4 4 4 4 4 0 0 95 95 32 1 258 3 3 7 5 0 0 21 17 1 0 1 1 3 3 7 7 33 27 0 0 125 124 14 13 77 74 3 3 4 2 77 52 6 1 21 19 8 6 1 1 2 1 17 15 12 1 1 3 3 5 5 34 33 8 8 4 2 47 33 562 462 144 124 11 8 2 1 59 55 34 3 1 15 12 3 3 13 11 38 32 4 3 0 0 0 0 4 4 0 0 299 280 86 65 5 5 13 13 5 5 102 81 7 6 10 10 52 52 2 2 Traffic Filed Disposed 13 1,083 37 260 0 6 13 20 1 111 375 2 9 3 - 2 1 1 3 3 60 23 0 75 23 43 9 4 92 1 2 55 2 30 0 20 2 2 44 1 27 2 350 103 2 1 19 2 4 0 16 0 0 2 3 21 1 143 169 2 0 3 95 26 1 3 1 0 10 1,041 36 259 0 6 12 19 1 110 342 2 6 3 17 1 2 3 60 20 0 75 2 1 41 16 1 70 0 2 55 2 27 0 20 2 1 44 1 27 0 289 85 1 1 19 1 3 0 13 0 0 2 3 20 1 109 151 2 0 3 71 2- 6 1 3 1 0 Deprived Filed Disposed 0 0 395 368 6 1 47 134 115 7 7 33 26 5 3 14 0 13 13 36 30 294 25 1 8 2 58 50 7--8 2- 0 - 13 12 26 21 9 8 5 3 6 5 12 11 10 6 94 30 10 10 39 29 14 14 30 0 58 48 6 5 44 43 23 7 4 4 16 3 3 2 55 55 1 0 11 11 37 37 15 15 13 11 2 1 16 415 327 177 142 18 17 17 17 43 3 1 50 4 1 27 27 20 10 8 4 30 18 2 2 44 41 11 11 10 0 8 8 195 138 71 52 4 4 9 9 13 7 135 112 13 7 6 6 52 52 1 1 S~ecial -r- - Proceedings Total Caseload Filed Disposed Filed Disposed 3 3 36 3 1 225 216 3,468 3,272 3 3 131 105 56 55 968 936 2 1 21 11 15 14 99 87 10 7 64 46 15 15 128 111 7 5 38 34 65 62 559 546 77 56 1,426 1.163 2 2 26 19 0 0 152 123 1 1 50 4 1 2 2 105 93 1 1 87 59 11 11 42 27 5 5 33 30 0 0 108 106 11 9 138 113 0 0 36 26 11 8 508 435 22 19 142 133 0 0 366 329 0 0 32 43 6 2 54 11 14 13 503 410 4 4 20 12 9 6 152 143 0 0 143 112 3 3 28 24 9 6 172 136 3 2 40 23 16 16 165 162 5 4 27 23 13 12 97 82 7 7 179 178 1 1 33 32 2 2 74 6 1 50 40 213 146 245 130 2.903 2.350 199 161 852 689 30 26 103 86 8 6 38 34 69 57 407 361 30 29 199 171 0 0 70 64 3 2 51 33 9 7 85 68 40 29 207 164 7 6 37 29 2 2 57 53 2 2 19 19 2 0 71 53 14 14 46 43 43 31 1,959 1,659 60 43 594 465 9 7 26 22 4 4 49 46 0 0 33 25 38 36 743 580 2- 0 14 130 110 3 1 38 36 23 22 319 317 1 1 11 11 Table 2.4 CY 1988 Juvenile Court Caseload (Number of children) County Delinquent Filed Disposed Unruly Filed Disposed Traffic Filed Disposed Deprived Filed Disposed Special Total Proceedings Caseload Filed Disposed Filed Disposed Taliaferro Tattnall Taylor Telfair Terrell Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen Troup Turner Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Wayne Webster Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth TOTALS 5 46 8 80 32 23 1 280 80 8 35 609 34 32 7 127 123 275 326 19 2 1 99 7 24 18 337 20 23 17 80 31,673 5 35 7 68 26 198 230 75 7 32 467 24 29 7 119 120 243 284 18 16 86 7 20 6 294 15 22 16 44 23,637 3 32 2 2- 7 3 66 48 6 0 7 146 9 14 4 44 57 278 102 0 2 15 0 12 6 193 0 3 3 9 10,809 3 28 2 2-6 . 2 43 40 2 0 7 128 6 14 4 4 1 56 242 82 0 2 14 0 10 3 179 0 3 2 7 8,360 3 8 6 17 9 105 87 1 4 24 71 11 4 29 - - 60 97 99 73 7 0 15 1 3 5 228 2 10 5 27 12,750 3 7 4 1. 7. 9 92 82 1 4 19 50 8 4 28 - - 56 97 86 60 7 0 15 1 3 0 192 2 9 4 27 10,015 0 13 7 2 53 62 45 57 1 8 178 10 12 16 52 52 165 96 1 17 42 0 6 6 168 11 2 16 7 10,353 0 12 7 2 49 48 25 44 1 4 128 5 5 16 46 50 134 79 3 13 39 0 2 3 145 7 2 14 0 7,508 1 7 5 6 15 13 6 26 0 5 13 2 2 0 6 20 77 22 3 0 45 0 0 3 101 0 9 5 25 4,263 1 7 5 3 13 9 6 22 0 5 9 2 2 0 6 20 56 22 3 0 45 0 0 3 92 0 8 5 5 3.081 12 106 28 13- 2 112 477 466 170 13 79 1,017 66 64 56 289 349 894 619 30 40 216 8 45 38 1,027 33 47 46 148 69,848 12 89 25 116 99 390 383 144 12 67 782 45 54 55 268 343 761 527 31 31 199 8 35 15 902 24 44 4 1 83 52,601 Table 2.5 FY 1989 Magistrate Court Caseload (Cases filed) County Bond and Warrants Commitment Issued Hearings Criminal Cases Filed Disposed Civil Claims Filed Disposed Other Total Warrants Total Civil Cases and Hearings and Filed Disposed Filings Dispositions Appling Atkinson Bacon Baker * Baldwin Banks Barrow Ben Hill Berrien Bibb Bleckley Brantley Brooks Bryan ' Bulloch Burke Butts * Calhoun * Camden Candler * Carroll Catoosa Charlton Chatham Cherokee Clarke Clay Clayton Clinch Cobb Coffee Colquitt Columbia Coweta Crawford Crisp Dade Dawson Decatur DeKalb Dodge Dooly Dougherty Douglas Early Echols Effingham Elbert Emanuel Evans * Fannin Fayette Floyd ' Franklin Fulton Glascock * Glynn Gordon Greene ' Gwinnett 229 23 1 446 70 1,891 389 2,492 1,403 1,139 10,896 693 1 09 534 185 3,571 1,200 734 45 1,754 50 1 1,980 1,969 587 5,594 5.336 9,012 185 9,283 339 17,166 5,164 2,720 1.541 3,500 218 1,533 657 382 1,340 19,190 1,741 450 7.815 3,984 660 26 775 1,424 923 199 30 257 52 267 29 250 505 0 4,461 145 16 409 48 213 5 135 0 496 254 255 360 462 3,335 764 2,474 64 10,078 9 22,215 55 41 1 315 13 19 647 34 1 21 7 535 33,383 0 107 392 157 12 10 115 433 574 664 1,955 91 1 18,639 13 6,884 3,389 303 10,217 390 654 120 23,110 0 205 1,018 0 6,120 2 8 370 14 0 10 1 233 0 0 74 70 50 0 3 0 83 0 2 111 98 120 9 1 1.256 1 30 1 258 0 1,285 0 0 1,445 1.181 28 536 0 0 0 1,184 0 0 0 386 0 0 95 0 355 2 8 13 14 0 10 1 414 0 0 191 41 50 0 3 0 93 0 2 0 98 170 92 1.070 1 86 0 232 0 1,271 0 0 1,011 738 24 639 0 11 0 1,084 0 0 0 399 0 0 95 0 338 84 215 461 80 3,127 21 1 699 1,362 466 2,713 280 1 70 463 288 1,318 71 2 247 26 540 120 1,555 304 289 6.897 1,133 1,346 77 1,751 253 4,963 1,491 1,691 1,102 1.759 146 699 125 312 1.375 4,291 366 434 3,476 1.072 420 19 405 616 725 84 20 1 332 34 2,537 213 363 1,009 363 1,994 276 134 356 248 2,031 605 200 23 29 1 116 1,486 406 258 3.261 684 1,168 65 1,122 113 2.678 104 456 1,170 1.349 162 635 143 328 0 2,401 129 333 3,476 954 420 15 405 56 1 722 52 54 149 25 2,382 52 600 918 213 1,208 153 34 204 53 818 278 132 14 269 74 1,457 314 74 8.927 1,302 2,101 15 9,826 67 0 820 621 384 1.103 52 630 73 88 440 80 281 142 3,825 1,219 163 0 155 357 330 698 1,392 132 21,601 0 1,032 22 1 0 1 ,OR 626 330 124 12,391 3 1,032 315 0 342 647 1,996 54 1 5,527 11 1,671 762 535 3,555 52 54 149 25 2,382 52 600 918 213 1,208 153 34 204 53 818 278 132 14 269 74 1,457 314 74 8.927 1,302 2,101 15 9,826 67 0 820 621 384 1,103 52 630 73 88 440 80 281 142 3,825 1,219 163 0 155 357 330 367 508 1,426 1 89 7,400 662 3,792 3,916 1.818 14,817 1,200 383 1,251 526 5,710 2,190 1,196 85 2,565 806 5,090 2,707 1,041 22,674 7,772 12,489 278 21,118 659 23,414 7,475 5,032 4,472 7.543 444 3,398 855 782 2,855 24,745 2,388 1026 15,116 6,661 1,243 45 1,430 2,397 2.333 337 293 75 1 125 5,186 304 1,214 2,846 576 7,663 765 225 1,019 349 3,065 888 560 37 1,058 444 3.296 1,250 886 16,593 2,751 5,829 144 21,258 189 26,164 979 1,488 2.880 3,203 257 2,551 557 644 975 36,948 410 582 7,693 2,729 595 25 770 1,351 1,964 Table 2.5 FY 1989 Magistrate Court Caseload (Cases filed) County Hall Hancock Haralson Harris Hart Heard ' Henry Houston Irwin Jackson Jasper Jeff Davis Jefferson ' Jenkins ' Johnson Jones Lamar Lanier Lauren Lee Liberty Lincoln Long Lowndes Lumpkin Macon Madison Marion McDuffie Mclntosh Meriwether Miller Monroe Montgomery Morgan Murray Muscogee Newton ' Oglethorpe Paulding Peach Pickens Pierce ' Pike Pulaski Putnam Quitman Rabun Randolph * Richmond Rockdale Schley Seminole Spalding Stephens Stewart Sumter Tattnall Taylor ' Telfair Warrants Issued 2,641 22 1 932 590 668 1 98 1,976 7,571 368 2,072 268 1,020 187 240 424 830 487 43 1 2.939 634 596 169 285 6.009 637 835 Bond and Commitment Hearings 4,572 103 74 134 199 2 3,313 2,776 0 229 1 29 756 64 27 19 7 32 23 2.932 11 1 0 49 106 1.830 366 162 1.148 1,064 882 21 7 382 389 427 66 464 205 15,561 2,388 1 70 307 3,463 1,948 28 1 2,441 31 7 75 700 642 729 4 42 15~ 3120 486 28 6 20 1,911 2,167 71 72 2,083 71 44 1,231 137 7 208 Criminal Civil Cases Claims Filed Dis~osed Filed Disposed 1,886 1,749 918 838 329 190 389 315 520 1 78 8 8 140 126 597 608 973 1,340 146 77 1,336 1,201 0 0 400 400 4 3 670 753 0 0 172 1 73 592 592 760 782 48 48 1 79 1 79 0 0 235 21 5 39 39 222 121 0 0 0 1,031 87 0 2 0 823 - - 1 64 138 0 0 0 1,033 85 0 2 0 360 - - ~ 45 47 620 416 196 1,052 420 165 297 111 -2,.1~ 02346 519 315 383 126 1,831 382 294 21 2 104 918 21 7 104 Other Total Warrants Total Civil Cases and Hearings and Filed Disposed Filings Dispositions 1,809 377 1 28 160 248 46 686 1,435 201 381 1,809 377 128 160 248 46 686 1,435 201 381 8,561 1,618 1,512 1,156 1.479 392 4,232 10,488 969 3,127 10,355 1,345 469 621 70 1 182 5.947 5,489 601 1,366 107 107 547 409 299 93 149 118 182 225 59 1,042 127 165 1 79 19 1.860 76 352 127 165 1 79 19 1.860 76 352 1,268 926 647 415 10.794 1.223 1,844 705 459 442 229 4,968 704 665 82 4 1 29 0 1. 0 . 0 0 0 2 0 7,852 1.622 0 15 19 474 13 0 207 0 0 216 59 29 0 1. 0 . 0 0 0 2 0 7,852 1.256 0 36 22 102 14 0 104 0 0 539 463 303 59 2-0- 0 . 329 744 43 202 79 6,433 71 4 131 290 1,907 516 95 1,018 31 9 23 377 645 266 244 67 69- 226 625 44 206 89 1,649 564 75 20 1 1,590 268 73 99 1 310 24 313 277 271 82 17 71 97 243 1 53 24 5,997 1,116 60 83 2,768 191 42 75 1 43 5 243 277 271 82 17 71 97 243 1 53 24 5,997 1,116 60 83 2,768 191 42 751 43 5 243 2,046 1,839 1,296 293 663 815 1,414 110 721 308 35.843 5,840 36 1 695 8.157 3,129 43 1 4,210 886 103 1,320 1,780 1,325 359 126 303 443 1,354 73 267 1 33 17,409 5,103 206 392 6,463 632 1 73 2,973 594 36 764 FY 1989 Magistrate Court Caseload (Cases filed) County Terrell Thomas Tift Toombs Towns Treutlen ' Troup Twiggs Union Upson Walker Walton Ware Warren Washington Webster ' Wheeler White Whitfield Wilcox Wilkes Wilkinson Worth TOTALS Warrants Issued 393 Bond and Commitment Hearings 332 Criminal Cases Filed Disposed 125 107 Civil Claims Filed Disposed 292 238 Other Total Warrants Total Civil Cases and Hearings and Filed Disposed Filings Dispositions 205 205 1,015 882 1,139 1,277 2,771 2,449 165 1,199 63 238 252 5,861 90 350 317 880 282,134 299 30 1 375 1,394 2 43 55 37 21 1 17 25 109 60 84 152.780 200 64 71 6 1,886 0 307 0 0 114 56 1 12 0 27 0 59.191 3 135 728 1,886 0 23 1 0 0 73 427 8 0 22 0 45.450 72 1 72 1 94 1 942 228 1,247 71 124 165 2,363 6 1 394 318 34 1 121.710 59 474 25 1 524 930 1,270 942 785 222 153 1,221 597 66 6 39 82 2,363 69 44 43 1,302 2 1 36 1 218 318 151 34 1 133 88.435 151.346 474 524 1,270 785 153 597 6 44 43 1,302 21 218 151 133 151.346 2,534 2,586 5,698 6,062 546 3,350 140 406 574 10,087 184 962 813 1,354 614,381 835 1,211 3,303 5,007 377 2,092 127 120 409 4,109 123 688 55 1 558 438,011 Incompletesubmissions for FY 1989. Table 2.6 Court of Appeals Caseload: 1987 and 1988 (Docket entries) Filed 1987 1 1988 Disposed Appeals Discretionary applications Interlocutory applications Total 2,071 2,306 By opinion 342 356 By order 391 361 Discretionary applications 3,2,0 804 23 Interlocutory applications Total 1987 1,667 294 377 324 2.662 1988 1,724 262 337 346 2.669 Supreme Court Caseload: 1987 and 1988 (Docket entries) Filed Direct appeals (Final) Petitions for certiorari Habeas corpus a.p.plications Applications for discretionary appeal Applications for interlocutory appeal Attorney discipline Original petitions1Motions Cross appeals Certified questions Bar admissions Judicial discipline Other 1987 538 540 203 183 58 72 22 14 8 5 2 1 TOTAL 1,646 11988 562 Disposed By opinion 598 Affirmed without opinion (Rule 59) 1 171 Petitions for certiorari Denied Granted Dismissed Habeas corpus applications Denied Granted Dismissed Remanded Withdrawn Dismissed without prejudice 10 Dismissed as moot 0 Denied without prejudice Stricken and entered on general docket 0 Vacated and remanded Discretionary applications 1,637 Denied Granted Transferred to Court of Appeals Dismissed Dismissed without prejudice Withdrawn Denied with direction Interlocutory applications Denied Granted Dismissed Transferred to Court of Appeals Original petitions1Motion.s Denied Granted Dismissed Dismissed without prejudice Attorney and judicial disciplinary1 Bar admissions decided by order Other Transferred to Court of Appeals by order Dismissed by order a Remanded by order Withdrawn Vacated by order Stricken from docket Certiorari granted, application granted, notice of appeal Removal from docket to await completion of record 1987 0 1 0 0 128 38 1988 2 0 1 1 128 42 TOTAL 1,639 1,615' a Includes dismissed without prejudice and dismissed as moot. Companion cases were counted as one case in arriving at total. 'Total includes figures from several categories not applicable to the 1988 study. 3. CORRECTIONS INTRODUCTION The administration of state correctional facilities and programs is a function of the executive branch of govern- ment. All offenders sentenced by the courts to the custody of the state are either housed in facilities operated by, or under the authority of, the Department and Board of Corrections, or are supervisedby probation officersemployed by the department and the board. As of December 1989,the department and the board were responsiblefor the custody and care of 17,849 inmates institutionalized in facilities under the authorityof the department and the board and an additional3,065housed in countyjails due to a lack of prison space. The department and the board also were responsible for the supervision of 114,997 active probationers as of December 1989.The Department and Board of Corrections have no authority over inmates released on parole. These offenders are supervised by the State Board of Pardons and Paroles and are addressed in a separate section of this publication. under construction. The current capacity of 859 residents staying the average 128 days allows for treatment of 2,577 residents per year. 3. Detention Centers are operated by the department as short term confinement facilities for certain offenders sentenced to a term of probation. These offenders include probationers whose terms of probation are revoked for technical violations; probationers convicted as habitual violators of Driving Under the Influence (DUI) laws and probationersconvictedof non-violent offenses.The average stay in a detention center is 90 to 120 days. The detention program is designed for offenders to perform public works and places less emphasis on treatment programs than diversion centers although drug and alcohol treatment programs are available. The department employs 342 individuals to staff 7 operational detention centers. There are now three more centers under construction. The current capacity of 925 residents staying 90 days allows for treatment of 3,700 residents per year. Department of Corrections Facilities The Department of Corrections is responsible for carrying out judicial sentences. In order to do so, the department maintains four different types of facilities, has regulatory authority over another type of facility, and operates a separate division for the probation function. The department has authority over 29 correctional institutions, 10 probation district offices and 19 diversion centers. It is authorized to employ 10,202 persons to carry out its assigned functions. It is by far the largest state criminal justice agency and is the second largest agency in all of state government. The various programs for which the department is responsible include: 1. Probation Supervision is a program operated by the department as an alternative to incarceration. The judge may require a probationer to report to his probation supervisor on a routine basis, require community service work, require the payment of restitution to the victim, and may impose a variety of other special conditions upon the probationer's freedom. The department employs 1,018 probation program employees who actually supervise offenders sentenced to state probation by the courts. As of December 1989,114,997activeprobationerswere under the supervisionofthe probation division's 10districtoffices and numerous local offices. 2. Diversion Centers are operated by the department as short term residential facilities for offenders sentenced to a term of probation which includes conditions requiring confinement in a diversion center. The average stay in a diversion center is 128 days. The diversion program is designed to allow a sentencing judge to impose a more rigorous sentence than regular "street"probation, yet not as restrictive as incarceration in a prison facility. A diversion center offers a variety of educational, job training, counseling, treatment and other socialization programs to the offender. Residents of diversion centers are allowed to maintain their employment and must pay taxes, room and board, and any finesor restitutionimposed by thejudge. They also continue to pay for the support of their families. These centers are often referred to as "halfway-in houses". The department employs 297 employeesto supervise offenders placed in 18 operational diversion centers. There is one center now 4. County Correctional Institutions are operated by 28 counties within the state. Although the county government operates,maintains and employsthe personnelwho operate these facilities, they are under the regulatory authority of the Department of Corrections. They house inmates who are sentenced to the custody of the department for terms of confinement.These inmatesare required to work in various county maintenance programssuch asroad repair and other public works. As of December 1989, the 28 county correctional institutions housed 3,065 inmates. 5. State Prisons are operated by employees of the department. These facilities offer a variety of educational, jobtraining, counseling, treatment and other socialization programs to the inmates, but their primary emphasis is on maintaining custody of the inmates and security of the institution.As of December 1989,there were 17,409inmates housed in 27 operational state institutions. There are now two more prisons being built. The department employs 7,266 individuals to staff these institutions. 6. Transition Centers are operated by the department to vrovide an easier transition back into communitv l i e for inmates who are scheduled for release from prisbn in the near future.The program is designed to lessen the personal shock of going from a totally controlled and disciplined institutional setting to the free environment the average citizen enjoys. It is also directed at helping the residents secure and maintain meaningful employment. These centers are referred to as "halfway-out houses". As of December 1989, there were 416 residents housed in six centers. The department employs 174 individuals to staff these centers. County Jails In Georgia, the sheriff of each county retains the English common law duty as chief jailer. He is responsible for the care, maintenance and security of all prisoners lawfully detained and awaiting trial and of all inmates sentenced to his custody by the courts. Generally, inmates confined in county jails have received sentences of 12 months or less, are awaiting transfer to a state prison facility, are awaiting trial on criminal charges,or are temporarilyassigned to the county jail subject to the agreement of both the sheriff and the commissioner of the Department of Corrections, while they are working on a Department of Corrections approved work project. Currently, there are 148 county jails funded for operation in the state's 159 counties. Corrections Data The data collected and published in this report are provided by the Department of CorrectionsStatisticsUnit within the Department's evaluation and statistics component. This unit is responsible for maintaining all relevant statistical data on inmates and probationers assigned to the custody of the state. Since much of these data are critical to internal decision-making within the Department of Corrections, they are maintained primarily for such internal purposes. The Department of Corrections is, however, required by law to submit certain criminal history record information to the Georgia CrimeInformationCenter and alsoprovidesto the State Board of Pardons and Paroles data on offender status and on offender conduct while in prison. The improved computer capabilities of this unit currently provide in-depth analyses of offender information and feedback to other criminal justice system components, especially to the judiciary. Statisticaldata on inmatepopulationsat the local level (i.e., county and city jails) are extremely difficult to maintain, since there is no central repository. The Department of CommunityAffairs,with the assistanceof the computerized reporting capabilities of the Georgia Crime Information Center, collects limited data on local jail populations. PRISON PROFILE Table3.1 outlinespopulation trends in the major categories of prisons from 1985to 1989. The figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year. During this period, the overall inmate population increased from 16,299 to 20,914. Morespecificdata on individualinstitutionswithin the state system are available (See Table 3.2). There are now 7 state prisons with more than 900 inmates including: Georgia Diagnostic Classification Center (GDCC) at Jackson (2,012), Georgia Industrial Institute (GII) at Alto (1,291), MiddleGeorgiaCorrectionalInstitute-Scott (979), Rogers Correctional Institute (973), Middle Georgia Correctional Institute - Rivers (%3), Georgia State Prison (GSP) at Reidsville (932) and Middle Georgia Correctional Institute - Women (904). Note: TheGDCCis operatedprimarilyfor the classification of prisoners to be reassigned to other correctional institu- tions. Also, Middle Georgia Correctional Institute - Youth Offender has been renamed Scott Correctional Institute and functions primarily as a diagnostic center. Table 3.1 - CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION POPULATIONS BY TYPE,1985 1989 Type of Facility Transition Centers County Correctional Institutions State CorrectionalInstitutions Other* 1985 426 2,486 13,347 40 1986 469 2,579 14,293 22 1987 344 2,491 14,684 106 1988 443 2,831 15,583 13 1989 416 3,065 17,409 24 Total 16,299 Inmates out to court on appeal. Note: Figures represent inmate counts taken in December 1989. Source: GDC 17,363 17,625 18,870 20,914 Table 3.2 INSTITUTION POPULATION BY AGE AND SEX, 1989 Institution Age Men Women Grand 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total 9% Total % Atlanta Adv Ctr 12 Macon Trans Ctr 3 At1Women Trans Ctr 0 SavannahTrans Ctr 2 Macon Women Trans Ctr 0 Central State Hosp 0 Bulloch C.C.I. 2 Carroll C.C.I. 3 Clarke C.C.I. 2 Colquitt C.C.I. 1 Coweta C.C.I. 1 Decatur C.C.I. 1 Effingham C.C.I. 0 Floyd C.C.I. 5 Fulton C.C.I. 19 Gilmer C.C.I. 4 Gwinnett C.C.I. 0 Hall C.C.I. 4 Hams C.C.I. 4 Houston C.C.I. 1 Jackson C.C.I. 0 Jefferson C.C.I. 2 Menwether C.C.I. 0 Mitchell C.C.I. 4 Muscogee C.C.I. 11 Richmond C.C.I. 3 Screven C.C.I. 2 Spalding C.C.I. 2 Stewart C.C.I. 1 Sumter C.C.I. 1 Terrell C.C.I. 0 Thomas C.C.I. 4 Troup C.C.I. 3 Upson C.C.I. Ware C.I. Lowndes C.I. Dodge C.I. GTDC (Buford) Walker C.I. Wayne C.I. GI1 (Alto) Montgomery C.I. Lee C.I. Putnam C.I. GSP (Reidsville) Middle Ga. C.I. - Men Metro C.I. GDCC (Jackson) - Diag GDCC (Jackson) - Perm Coastal C.I. Scott C.I. (Old Y.O.) Stone Mtn C.I. - Middle Ga C.I. -Women Middle Ga C.I. Rivers Rutledge C.I. Central C.I. Augusta Medical C.I. Rogers C.I. Burruss C.I. Bostick C.I. Valdosta C.I. Milan Womens Ctr. 3 15 5 95 6 4 3 1,141 11 27 2 20 4 13 160 3 70 62 6 0 6 5 18 10 47 100 22 13 0 Total 1,968 91 44 0 56 0 17 77 98 77 94 n 91 39 177 302 60 47 198 33 73 131 80 45 46 179 161 45 127 24 86 31 69 57 41 704 161 474 214 271 137 149 385 564 89 725 229 491 1,349 149 685 827 165 1 712 406 555 341 834 162 382 495 0 14,424 0 2,868 0 0 0% 546 19,806 100% 135 3 83 833 165 1404%40 27 1,108 100% 20,914 Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. Figures represent counts taken in December of 1989. Source: GDC INMATE PROFILE In analyzing the inmate population from 1985to 1989,race variablesremain constantfor femalesbut continueto show an increase in the percentage of black males. (See Table 3.3). Table 3.4 provides more specific data concerning age, race and sex of the 1989inmate population. The Georgia Department of Corrections has produced some interesting statistics by grouping the nine crime categories in Table 3.5 into four: violencelsex (includes violent personal and sex offenders), property, substance abuse (includes drug sales, drug possession, alcohol and HTVtDUI) and other (includesnon-violent personal, other and not reported). Not reported simply represents computer entry lag-time. When the categories are grouped this way, the results show a decline in property offenders. However, the relationshipbetween substance abuse and violence becomes apparent. Fifty-seven percent of the active population has a violent or sex offense and substance abuse offenders, even though they pass through the system rapidly, are on the increase. Of frequent interestin discussingoffendersisthe individual prisoner's actual length of sentence. Table 3.6 breaks down the numbers of persons assigned each specific sentence length. Percentage changes in sentence lengths are due to theDepartment of Correctionschangingto a newcomputer system in July 1987. The Offender Tracking Information System (OTIS) provides more detail on sentences and, as a result, will show an increase in the percentage of longer sentences. Also, the Youthful Offender Act was discontinued about 1985, however, there are a few inmates who have not processed out of the system. Another area of interest concerns the number of offenders awaiting execution. As of December 1989, there were 110 inmates on death row, down from 114in 1988. Death row inmates represent 0.5% of the total inmate population. One execution took place in 1989. Table 33 - INMATE POPULATION BY RACEAND SEX,1985 1989 White Male Non White Male White F e d e Non White Female Total 6,254 38.4% 9,197 56.4% 342 2.1% 506 3.1% 16,299 100.096 6,569 37.8% 9,847 56.7% 365 2.1% 582 3.4% 17,363 100.0% 6,449 36.6% 10,302 58.5% 310 1.8% 564 3.2% 17,625 100.Wo 6,468 34.3% 11,444 60.6% 347 1.8% 611 3.2% 18,870 100.0% 6,723 32.1% 13,083 62.6% 412 2.0% 6% 3.3% 20,914 1WO% Note: Due to rounding,percentagesdo not always total 100%. figuresrepresentinmate counts taken in December of each year. Source: GDC Table 3.4 Race and Sex INMATE POPULATION BY RACE, AGE AND SEX, 1989 ke 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total 9% White Male Non White Male Total White Female Non White Female Total 543 1,425 1,968 4,625 9,799 14,424 29 289 54 544 83 833 L258 297 1,610 249 2- 546 83 11 82 16 165 27 6,723 13,083 19m 412 6% 1,108 33.9% 66.1% 100.Wo 37.2% 62.8% 100% Note: Figures representinmate counts taken in Decemberof 1989. Source: GDC 9% Total Population 32.1% 62.6% 100% Figure 3.1 INMATE POPULATION BY RACE Ch SEX, 1989 NON NON W/F - 3% \-/ W/M - 32% Table 3.5 - INMATE POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE, 1985 1989 Violent Personal Non-violent Personal Property Drug Sales Drug Possession Alcohol* HTV & DUI** Sex Offender** Other Not Reported*** 8,077 49.6% 173 1.1% 5,554 34.1% 702 4.3% 784 4.8% 115 0.7% 894 5.5% 0 Total Reported 16,299 100.0% 0 17,625 100.0% 18,870 100.0% 20,914 100.0% Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. Figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year. Beginning in 1985,a new crime type "Alcohol"was added. * * Beginning in 1987,"HTV& DUI" were taken from the crime type "Alcohol" and categorized separately; also the crime type "SexOffender" was added. ***Beginningin 1988, the category of "Not Reported" was added. Source: GDC Table 3.6 Sentence in Years - INMATE SENTENCE LENGTH IN YEARS, 1985 1989 1985 % 1986 % 1987 % 1988 9% 0-1 1.1-2 2.1-3 3.1-4 4.1-5 5.1-6 6.1-7 7.1-8 8.1-9 9.1-10 10.1-12 12.1-15 15.1-20 20.1-over Life Death Youthful Offender Not Reported* Total 16,299 100.0% 17,363 100.0% Note: Due to rounding, percentagesdo not always total 100%. Figures represent inmate counts taken in December of each year. *Anew category of "NotReported"began in 1988. Source: GDC 17,625 100.0% 18,870 100.0% 1989 % 20,914 100.0% Table 3.7 INMATE SENTENCE IN YEARS BY AGE AND SEX, 1989 Sentence &e Men Women Grand in Years 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % Total 9% 0- 1 263 1.1-2 149 2.1-3 174 3.1-4 120 4.1-5 262 5.1-6 164 6.1-7 73 7.1-8 61 8.1-9 77 9.1-10 14 10.1-12 189 12.1-15 61 15.1-20 % 20.1-over 116 Life 116 Death 1 Youthful Offender 0 Not Reported 32 Total 1,968 14,424 2,868 546 19,806 100.0% 83 833 165 27 1,108 100.0% 20,914 100.0% Note: Due to rounding, percentagesdo not always total 100%. Figureslepresent inmate counts taken in December of 1989. Sentence in years is indicated 1.1-2meaningone year and one day to twoyears. *The category "NotReported"began in 1988. Source: GDC Figure 3.2 INMATE SENTENCE LENGTHS, 1989 NUMBER SENTENCED 3000 -(1 - 'Y.O.' YOUTHFUL OFFENDER YEARS SENTENCED W PERSONS SENTENCED Table 3.8 INMATE CRIME CATEGORIES BY AGE AND SEX, 1989 Crimes by Group Age Men Women Grand 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % 00-21 22-39 40-54 55-99 Total % Total % Homicide 153 Abortion 0 Bodily Injury & Re1 Off 198 Arson & Re1 Off 24 Damage of Property 7 Burglary and Re1 Off 405 Forgery and Re1 Off 29 Theft 151 Robbely 467 Sexual Offenses 145 Obscenity Crimes 0 Treason & Rel Off 0 Crimes Involving Govt 18 Falsifications 1 Obstruct Law Enforcement 6 Disorderly Conduct 2 Gambling & Rel Off 0 Cruellyto Children 3 Crimeswith Guns 6 Invasion Privacy 2 Racketeering 0 Drug Abuse Offenses 273 Drug Trafficking 33 Auto Crimes 1 Revenue & Contraband 0 Crimesof Other States 0 Misc. Felonies 4 Misdemeanors 8 Total Reported 1,936 Not Reported 32 Note: Due to rounding, percentagesdo not always total 100%. Figures represent counts taken in December 1989. Source: GDC PROBATION PROFILE Probation data are available for each of the last five years. During this time, the total number of probationers has increased by 24,865 or 27.6 percent (See Table 3.9). Analysis of the most serious crimes committed by probationers indicates that the greatest number (39.6 percent) were involved in crimes involving substance abuse. The drop in non-violent personal crime is the result of abandonment and bastardy cases being taken over by the Department of Human Resources. However, even without these cases, the probation population continues to rise. As the number of probationers has increased, so has the number of probationers on first offender status. In 1989 more probationers were on first offender status than at any other time. Table 3.9 - PROBATION POPULATION BY RACE AND SEX,1985 1989 White Male Non White Male White Female Non White Female Not Reported 41,660 46.2% 34,619 38.4% 7,117 7.9% 6,736 7.5% 0 45,221 44.8% 39,860 39.5% 8,000 7.9% 7,766 7.7% 0 45,197 45.0% 38,673 38.5% 8,354 8.3% 8,165 8.1% 0 47,828 44.4% 41,066 38.2% 9,262 8.6% 9,453 8.8% 1 49,690 43.2% 44,692 38.9% 10,120 8.8% 10,495 9.1% 0 Total 90,132 100.0% 100,847 100.0% 100,389 100.0% 107,610 100.0% 114,997 100.0% Note: Due to rounding,percentagesdo not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December of each year. Source: GDC Table 3.10 PROBATION POPULATION BY RACE, AGE AND SEX, 1989 Race and Sex White Male Non White Male White Female Non White Female Age Men Women Grand 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % Total % 7,265 5,949 0 0 32,652 30,261 0 0 9,235 8,108 0 0 538 49,690 53% 0 0 0 374 44,692 47% 0 0 0 0 0 0% 1,300 7,042 1,702 0 0 0% 1,052 7,804 1,571 0 0 0% 49,690 43% 0 0 0% 44,692 39% 76 10,120 49% 10,120 9% 68 10,495 51% 10,495 9% Note: Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December of 1989. Source: GDC Figure 3.3 PROBATION POPULATION BY RACE AND SEX, 1989 NON W/M - 3 9 % NON W I F - 9% Table 3.11 - PROBATION POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE, 1985 1989 Violent Personal 7,621 8.5% Non-violent Personal 15,617 17.3% Property 29,433 32.7% Drug Sales 2,601 2.9% Drug Possession 8,946 9.9% Alcohol (except DUI) 19,483 21.6% Habit ViolatorPUI Sex Offenders Other 6,431 7.1% Total 90,132 100.0% Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. Beginning in 1985,a new crime type "Alcohol"was added. New crime types "HabitualViolator/DUInand "Sex Offenders"were added in 1987. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December. Source: GDC Table 3.12 PROBATION POPULATION BY MOST SERIOUS CRIME TYPE, AGE AND SEX, 1989 Crime Age Men Women Grand 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % Total % Violent Personal Non Violent Personal property Drug Sales Drug Possession Alcohol (except DUI) Habit ViolatorlDUI Sex Offender Other 1,175 63 6,638 154 1,898 91 1,156 125 1,914 6,279 2,995 19,147 1,626 10,943 152 14,512 973 6,286 1,828 1,221 3,489 310 2,027 86 5,972 718 1,692 92 9,374 10% 202 1,074 255 41 4,320 5% 6 45 8 219 29,493 31% 1,427 7,434 1,583 14 2,104 2% 23 391 91 129 14,997 16% 204 2,669 501 2 331 0% 6 25 12 289 21,929 23% 147 1,576 462 16 1,832 2% 25 108 15 110 10,002 11% 312 1,524 346 6 1,537 1 60 62 10,506 4 509 30 3,404 1 44 23 2,208 0 148 17 2,199 7% 10,911 0% 4,380 51% 39,999 2% 2,613 17% 18,401 0% 375 11% 24,137 1% 1,980 11% 12,201 9% 4% 35% 2% 16% 0% 21% 2% 11% Total 13,214 62,913 17,343 912 94,382 100% 2,352 14,846 3,273 144 20,615 100%114,997 100% Note: Due to rounding, percentages do not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December 1989. Source: GDC Figure 3.4 PROBATION POPULATION BY CRIME TYPE, 1989 50,000 NUMBER REPORTED 39,999 Vlolent Non-vlolent Property Drug Sales Drug Alcohol H T V 6 DUl Sex Personal Personal Posseaslon [except DUI) Offender CRIME TYPE I 1 ON PROBATION Othel Table 3.13 PROBATION POPULATION BY CRIME CATEGORY, AGE AND SEX,1989 Crimes by Group Age Men Age Women Grand 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % 00-21 22-39 40-98 Unk Total % Total % Homicide 29 Abortion 0 Bodily Injury & Re1 Off 343 Arson & Re1 Off 33 Damage of Property 178 Burglary and Re1 Off 2,370 Forgely and Re1 Off 474 Theft 2,179 Robbery 297 Sexual Offenses 118 Obsenity Crimes 0 Treason & Rel Off 0 Crimes Involving Govt 4 Falsifications 4 Obstruct Law Enforcement 36 Disorderly Conduct 21 Gambling & Rel Off 0 Cruelty to Children 14 Crimes With Guns 54 Invasion Privacy 10 Racketeering 0 Drug Abuse Offenses 1,838 Drug Trafficking 17 Auto Crimes 98 Revenue & Contraband 1 Crimes of Other States 0 Misc. Felonies 111 Misdemeanors 4,985 Total 13,214 Note: Due to rounding, percentagesdo not always total 100%. Figures represent counts taken in December 1989. Source: GDC Table 3.14 - ACTIVE PROBATIONERS ON FIRST OFFENDER STATUS, 1985 1989 On 1st Off Status 12,544 15.7% Not on 1st OffStatus 67,385 84.3% Total Reported 79,929 100.0% Reports not Received 10,203 TOTAL 90,132 13,382 15.4% 73,718 84.6% 87,100 100.0% 13,747 100,847 14,412 16.3% 74,058 83.7% 88,470 100.0% 11,919 100,389 15,897 16.7% 79,525 83.3% 95,422 100.0% 15188 107,610 17,799 17.2% 85,590 82.8% 103,389 100.0% 11,608 114,997 Note: Due to rounding, percentages d o not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December of each year. Being sentenced under the First Offender Act does not necessarily imply that a probationer is a first-time offender. Any violator may ask to be sentenced under the First Offender Act as one of several different options open to them. Occasionally, persons with one or more prior convictions will be sentenced under this act. These data should be viewed as only an estimate of the number of first time violators of first offenders on active probation caseloads. Source: GDC Table 3.15 First Offender On 1st Offender Status Not on 1st Offender Status Total Reported Reports not Received Total FIRST OFFENDER BY AGE AND SEX, 1989 Age Men 00-21 22-39 40-98 3,628 7,951 1,440 8,437 48,590 13,903 Unk Total 82 13,101 724 71,654 Age Women % 00-21 22-39 40-98 15% 792 3,222 657 85% 1,345 10,211 2,286 Unk Total - 27 4,698 94 13,936 Grand % Total 25% 17,799 75% 85,590 12,065 56,541 15,343 1,149 6,372 2,000 13,214 62,913 17,343 806 84,755 100% 2,137 13,433 2,943 106 9,627 215 1,413 330 912 94,382 2,352 14,846 3,273 121 18,634 100% 103,389 23 1,981 11,608 144 20,615 114,997 Note: Due to rounding, percentages d o not always total 100%. Figures represent counts of probationers taken in December 1989. Being sentenced under the First Offender Act does not necessarilyimply that a probationer is a first-time offender. Anyviolator may ask to be sentenced under the First-Offender Act as one of several different options open to them. Occasionally,persons with one o r more prior convictionswill be sentenced under this act. These data should beviewed as only an estimate of the number of first time violators of first offenders on active probation caseloads. Source: GDC 4. PARDONS AND PAROLES INTRODUCTION The executive clemency powers of the State of Georgia are vested exclusively in the State Board of Pardons and Paroles. The board is composed of five members appointed by the Governor for seven-year terms, subject to confirmation by the State Senate. Each year the board elects one of its members to serve as Chairman. The board was established in 1943with its authority establishedin the GeorgiaConstitution.Its existenceensuresthat the executivebranch of governmenthas a discretionaryrole in criminal justice. Thus in Georgia's justice system, the board provides some of the checks and balances deemed necessary by the framers of the constitution. The board is empowered to grant or deny clemency to inmates incarcerated for violation of the state's criminal laws. It has constitutional authority to grant paroles, pardons, and reprieves; to commute and remit sentences; and to restore civil and political rights. It has authority and staff to investigate cases and to supervise persons granted conditional clemency. Beforethe board considersan inmatefor parole, it conducts investigations.Detailed investigativereports become a part of the board's case file, which is separate from files maintained by the Department of Corrections. Initially, a parole officer studies arrest and court records and may talk with arresting officers, court officials, victims, and witnessesto prepare a legal investigation report on the detailsof an inmate's current offense and a summary of any prior offenses in the same county. Subsequently, a parole officer interviews the inmate and completes a personal history statement questionnaire. The inmate is asked, among other things, where he has resided, attended school, names and locations of family members, whom he has chosen as references, where he plans to live and work, and what his own account is of his crime.A social investigation is also conducted which includes interviews with persons mentioned in the personal history statement. Before any inmate is paroled, the board reviews a Parole ReviewSummaryfrom the Department of Corrections.The summary provides data on the inmate's behavior, attitude, physical status, mental and emotional condition, participation in activities, and performance in work and training programs while incarcerated. At its' discretion, the board may request detailed psychological and/or psychiatric opinions before considering a case. Any information received by the board may be used in making a parole decision. Paroles are granted based on Parole Decision Guidelines that were established to assist the board in making consistent and accurate assessments of the factors that will affect each prospective parolee's chances for success upon release. Excluded from guideline decisions are life sentences. The board initially identifies the crime severity level of the individual. The crime committed is ranked from Level I to VII, with VII being the most severe. Those ranked in the higher severity categories will serve longer. The next area of consideration is parole success factors. These include age at first commitment,prior convictions (juvenile and adult), prior incarcerationsinceage 17,parole or probationfailure, use, possession, or attempt to obtainheroinor other opiates, whether current offenses involved burglary or forgery, whether fully employed during six months prior to current offense, and other factors. From these weighted factors, along with the severity level, the board calculates the individual's parole success likelihood score. This score, along with the crime severity level, is inserted into a guidelines chart which indicates the actual time the inmate should serve. The board reviews these data and, if approved, the inmate is advised of a tentativeparole month. The inmateissubsequentlyreleased provided the board receives no serious disciplinaryreports on the individual prior to the release date. If the length of time to be served, as determined by the board, is greater than the actual sentence length, the inmate will serve the sentence issued by the court. In no case will the board add time to an inmate's sentence.As ofFebruary 1990,theboard employed 686 individuals with 343 of these employees engaged in actual investigation and/or supervisionof 16,822 parolees. During fiscal year 1989, the board released a total of 13,281 state inmates from confinement through its actions. Board of Pardons and Paroles Data The Board of Pardons and Paroles collects its own data, compiling it for internal function requirements, as well as making it available to the criminal justice community as needed.It reflects not onlyworkload, but certain qualitative factors concerning the activity of the board. PROFILE OF PARDONS AND PAROLES Pardon and parole data were compiled on a fiscal year basis for 1985 and 1986. Beginning with 1987, the figures are compiled on a calendar year basis. Table 4.1 provides all available pardon and parole data from 1985to 1989. 1988 and 1989 are peak years for Parole Board activity. There were 11,353 parole releases in 1988 and 15,432 in 1988, while there were 2,896 returns to prison in 1988 and 3,565 in 1989. 1988and 1989are peak years for pardons, with 161and 152 pardons issued respectively. Most of the data indicate considerable variance in the amount of activity during the five year period. One noticeable trend is the increase in the number of paroles. A major factor is the increasing inmate population forcing fewer denials of parole and the release of more prisoners. Table 4.1 - PROFILE OF PAROLE BOARD ACTIVITY, 1985 1989 Parole Conditional Transfer to Detainer Youthful Offender Conditional Release Commutation to Time Served Remission to Probation Supervised Reprieve and Conditional Commutation* Other Release Action: Special Release Total Released by Board Revocation of Parole Revocation of Youthful Offender Conditional Release Cancellation of Supervised Reprieve Cancellation of Reprieve and Conditional Commutation Other Revocation and Cancellation: Special Release Total Returns to Prison by Board Parole Case Denied Discharge from Parole Youthful Offender Unconditional Release Restoration of Civil and Political Rights A) Upon Discharge from Parole B) Upon Application Pardon Medical or Compassionate Reprieve Commutation Reducing Sentence (without resulting in release) Parole Commutation Death Sentence Commutation Granted Death Sentence Commutation Denied Visitor Interview in Central Office Inmate Interview at Institution Preliminary Revocation Hearing Final Revocation Hearing Other Board Actions Jail Credit Total Other Actions by Board TOTAL BOARD ACTMTY Total Inmates at End of Reporting Period Parole Board Releases Under Supervision at End of Reporting Period (Youth Offenders) Total Parole Board Releases Under Supervision Cases Reviewed Under Parole Guidelines Lifers Considered for Parole Lifers Granted Parole Lifers Granted Parole at First Consideration 6,144 249 28 13 3 769 7,206 1,920 160 11 2,091 1,243 3,588 246 2,392 1,866 526 108 314 5 2,049 241 490 273 18,054 27,351 7,611 265 2 17 7 1,312 0 9,214 2,006 25 0 71 2,102 932 3,879 100 1,936 1,506 430 127 357 10 2,100 400 395 194 18,860 30,176 7,652 238 0 2,846 2 2% 0 11,024 2,649 2 51 0 2,702 808 4,264 0 1,409 999 410 103 527 1 0 5 2,354 253 431 289 17,940 31,666 6,968 243 0 3,901 2 239 0 11,353 2,893 0 1 0 2 2,896 1,170 3,032 0 1,496 711 785 161 308 5 1 1 2,489 262 485 381 19,479 33,728 12,612 394 2 9 0 2,415 0 15,432 3,565 0 0 0 0 3,565 1,067 3,580 0 1,411 785 626 152 342 5 377 0 2 2,777 317 574 473 0 12,488 31,485 6,738 9,582 10,917 10,358 16,048 Prepared by Computer ServicesUnit, State Board of Pardons and Paroles. Note: Data are compiled in June of applicableyear for 1985through 1986.Data for 1987through 1989are calendar year. * Supelvised Reprieve and Reprieve and Conditional Commutation have been collapsed into one category. 5. STATEMENTS FROM SENIOR OFFICIALS MICHAEL J. BOWERS Attorney General, State of Georgia Attorney General Bowers was educated at the US. Military Academy, Stanford University and the University of Utah. After service in the Air Force, he attended the University of Georgia Law School. A member of the State Law Department since 1974,he became Georgia's fifty-first Attorney General in 1981. Georgia's criminaljustice system faces the same problems today we have confronted for several years. Crime, largely fueled by illegal drug use and trafficking continues to increase. Our response, at least until recently, has lagged. Fortunately, over the last two years there has been a growing public awareness of the magnitude of those problems and a willingness, finding expression in recent statutes and appropriations, to adopt innovative measures to attack the problems. The 1989session of the General Assembly, for example, considered and adopted several measures to combat drug use, including sanctionsagainst driver and occupational licenses. The effect of these measures we will only learn in time, but they send a clear signal, which I believe is supported by the citizens of this state, that drug use and trafficking affect all strata of society and will not be tolerated. Similar resolve is also shown by continued appropriations for prison construction. That must continue. It is not enough simply to say prison construction is expensive and we must fine alternatives to sentencing. The fact is that our prison population continues to harden. There are fewer and fewer prison inmates who are worthy candidates for alternativesto confinement. The majority of the prison population have committed crimes of force, crimes resulting in or likely to result in harm to another human being. Because projectionsof the likely prison population show a continued rapid increase, prison construction, however expensive, . must continue. I believe the public not only will support it with tax dollars, but will demand it. Finally, money alone will not alleviate the problems facing the criminaljustice system. That will come when society makes it clear that it will not tolerate its own destruction through criminal activity, particularly drug activity. I believe we are witnessing the awakening of society to that realization. Our resolve must remain strong. HAROLD G. CLARKE Chief Justice, Supreme Court of Georgia Harold G. Clarke received both his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Georgia and was admitted to the Georgia Bar in February 1950. Since that time, he has been active in a number of different associations, councils, foundations and societies. From 1961to 1971,Justice Clarke was a member of the Georgia General Assembly. He came to the Supreme Court in Decxember 1979. The court elected Justice Clarke to serve a four year term as Chief Justice beginning January 1990. The judicial system has recently seen a dramatic increase in felony cases primarily due to drug-related arrests. In Georgia's superior courts, felony cases rose 12% from 1986to 1897(40,497 to 45,455) and then jumped again 19% from 1987to 1988(45,455 to 53,985). The impact of drugs not only appears in the prosecution of drug cases, but is also the moving influence in great numbers of murder cases, burglaries, robberies, assaults and almost every other type of criminal activity. The drug problem has reached epidemicproportions, with an estimated lo%, or 600,000 of Georgia's 6 million residents addicted to drugs, either legal or illegal. The Governor's Commission on Drug Awareness and Prevention has reported that prison admissions for alcohol and drug related crimes increased 800% over the past ten years. Seventy-fivepercent of inmates in Georgia's prisons reported a drug problem, compared to 19% ten years ago. Eighty-two percent of all youth committed to Youth Services have used alcohol or drugs. Today the criminaljustice system is challenged to think and act creatively to solve this crippling problem. In searchingfor solutionsto the drug problem, the criminal justice system cannot ignore the high rate of family violence occurring in our society today. According to the Georgia Network Against Domestic Violence, in the first six months of 1989,75 women and men in Georgia lost their lives due to domestic violence. This figure does not include victims of child abuse. Family violence is the single greatest cause of injury to women, exceeding rape, auto accidents and mugging5 combined. Among battered women, 66% of drug use and 74% of alcohol use begins after battering occurs. The disharmony of families today, evidenced in divorce, violence and neglect of children, should be seen as a significant cause of the drug problem in our society today. Without the guidance and support of parents, children are not learning to be responsible citizens, but instead are turning to lives of crime and drug use. As the criminaljustice system strives to control drug use in our society, it should also play a critical role in deterring the violence that breaks up families and leaves children on the streets. Drug use and family violence are problems challenging us to recognize the shortcomings of the criminaljustice system and meet the needs of a changing society. JAMES ROBERT (Robbie) HAMRICK Director, Georgia Bureau of Investigation Mr. Hamrick received his Bachelor of Science degree in Criminal Justice from Georgia State University. He is a graduate of the FBI National Academy and a past president of the FBI Academy Associates. Mr. Hamrick has been actively employed in law enforcement since 1959, when he began his career with the Department of Public Safety. He was appointed as Special Agent with the Georgia Bureau of Investigation in 1969. On September 4,1985 Mr. Hamrick was appointed by the Governor and the State Board of Public Safety as Director of the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. DNA Profiling, a crime-solving technique which has been referred to as one of the most significant forensic developments of the century and as powerful a forensic tool as fingerprints, will become a service of the Division of Forensic Sciences (GBI Crime Lab) SerologySection in early 1991. Funding for DNA Profilingwas approved by the General Assembly during the 1989session, and since that time, the Crime Lab has been actively involved in completing the necessary steps to implement DNA Profiling as a service to Georgia's criminal justice system. DNA (DeoxyribonucleicAcid) is the body's "blueprint"found primarily in the nucleus of living cells. It is the molecule that determines a person's individual characteristics and, thus, establishes each person as separate and unique (except identical twins). Technologyis now availablewhich allows identification of the DNA molecule and provides the ability to detect differencesbctween individuals by developing the unique DNA patterns from biological specimens (tissue, blood, semen, hair) that meet certain conditions. Utilizing this technology in criminal investigations will, for the first time, allow for the conclusive identification of an assailant through biological evidence retrieved from a victim or from the scene of a crime. By comparing the DNA patterns of the suspect's blood with that of body fluids taken from the victim or scene, investigators can conclude with an average 99.99% certainty, that the biological specimensare from the same person. If the patterns do not match, investigators can be assured that the suspect is not the assailant. The costs of im- plementing this capabilitywill be offset by savings in investigative man-hours required to develop evidence on possible suspects and in court time through shorter trials or averting trial altogether through an increased number of pleas. Steps taken or now underway in preparation for implementing DNA Profiling include the evaluation of the DNA testing procedures offered by the FBI, as well as commercial laboratories, the purchase of appropriate equipment, the training of scientists from the SerologySection and the completion of a validation program to assure that the methods of analysis are both adequate and accurate. In addition, a total of five more personnel have bccn hired as part of this new capability for the Crime Lab including Dr. George Herrin who was hired in December 1989 as the research consultant for the DNA program. Three of the current staff of the SerologySection have been assigned to the DNA unit and have undergone extensivetraining at the FBI's DNA laboratory to develop the specific knowledge and skills in this new area. After these important steps in the preparation process have been completed, application of DNA testing to routine casework by the SerologySection will be available to law enforcement across the state. The Division of Forensic Sciences will have the capability to identify an assailant from a list of suspects based on a small amount of biological evidence left with the victim or at the scene of a crime. The year 1989saw the culmination of a series of im- provement initiatives by the Georgia State Patrol. Startingin 1987, the department began experimenting with in-car video systems. The result was a decision to make the in-car video an integral part of the trooper's vehicle equipment package which, itself, was beiig upgraded by phasing in power seats, power windows and low profile light bars. The light bars, which contain high intensity blue strobe lights and powerful take-down lights, are an essential element to ensure the safety and wellbeing of our troopers. That year GSP also started a re-arming process through the testing of a series of semi-automaticweapons. At the same time, the trooper's personal comfort became enhanced by the acquisition of all-weather footgear and a leather jacket. Although there was no money budgeted for fuearms, the Legislature approved the use of money from the operations budget to purchase weapons. The re-arming process begun in 1988, was completed in 1989when the entire Georgia State Patrol qualified on either the 9mm or .45 caliber semi-automaticpistol; 144qualified as expert (five of those fued a perfect 100) and 330 as marksmen. What made the GSP re-arming unique was that it probably was the only time a large police organization offered its members a choice of weapons. The "informed choice" program gave troopers an opportunity to select either a 9mm or .45 caliber semi-automaticpistol based on that trooper's level of confidencewith the chosen weapon. COLONELCURTIS D.EARP, JR Commissioner, Georgia Department of Public Safety A Distinguished Military Graduate of the ROTC program at Florida State University, he was commissioned as a Regular Army Officer, Military Police in 1960and retired in the rank of colonel in 1986. Colonel Earp's formal education includes both a Bachelor and Master of Science degree in criminology. His professional affiliations include membership in the International Association of Chiefs of Police, the Police Executive Research Forum, Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police and Atlanta Metropol. He serves on numerous boards and is a member of the Georgia Peace Officers Standards and Training Council. Colonel Earp became Commissioner, Georgia Department of PublicSafetyand Commander, Georgia State Patrol in October 1986. The Legislature was generous in providing funding for purchase of radio repeaters, more commonly known as "Pak-Rat"radios. These repeatersgive each trooper the ability to communicate through his car radio even though he or she may be several hundred yards from the car. The repeater program is continuing and should be completed in 1990. Probably the most successful of the improvement programs was the in-car video project. These video systems, provided by a supplier from specifications drawn up by the department, were purchased at no cost to the Georgia taxpayer. From 1986through 1989, nearly every penny of confiscated drug-related money received back from the federal government was invested in video systems. At the close of 1989, more than 200 video systems were in trooper cars throughout the state. We all strive for the greatest professionalism possible with our people. As every law enforcement officer knows, the potential for things to go awry is always greatest during those first crucial minutes of an encounter between a violator and a police officer. The video taping of that encounter provides concurrent protection to thc citizen and the officer. Now, for the first time ever, a large police organization has systematized and institutionalized the sound and visual recording of the initial contact between members of the public and law enforcement officers. The significance of this technological innovation has not been lost on the news media and the State of Georgia is receiving national recognition as a result. National publicity notwithstanding, the fact that so many Georgia State Troopers have cameras has been a significant factor in reducing court time for both criminal apprehensionsas well as DUI arrests. In the realm of highway drug interdiction the cameras have been particularly valuable. The video tape clearly indicates that the initial traffic stop was legitimate and, if the trooper suspects that the vehicle is being used to carry drugs, that the request for consent to search was, indeed, voluntary. In connection with drug interdiction, for the third year in a row, the Georgia State Patrol has placed nationallyin its seizure of contraband.The 6,829 grams of crack cocaine GSP seized in 1989earned it a national ranking of third. GSP placed sixth with $2,154,534 in confiscated drug currency and ninth with 187 kilos of powder cocaine. This latest combination of technology and training initiativesculminated in 1989with a Georgia State Patrol well positioned to continue playing a significant role in the critical fight against the lawless elementswithin the State of Georgia during the decade of the nineties. MORRIS REDDING President, Georgia Association of Chiefs of Police Chief Redding is a graduate of the Atlanta Police Academy, the FBI Academy, the FBI National Executive Institute and has a L.L.B. from the Woodrow Wilson College of Law. After serving in the military, he began his 32 year I career with the Atlanta Police Department, Uniform Division. Since March 1982, he has served as Chief of Police, Atlanta Bureau of Police Ser- vices. We as a society must realize we are facing a crisis continue their killing of not only other drug in reference to drugs in America. Drugs are like a dealers, but innocent people as well. malignant cancer that is spreading across our country. Unless we as a people join hands to fight Through violence, the drug dealer has made the drug problem, we will never win the war on America the Beautiful, America the Violent. drugs. In my opinion, we as a people have not ad- mitted that we do have a crisis in reference to The greatest challenge for police chiefs in the 90s drugs. The average person feels the drug dealers will be convincing society as a whole of the crisis and users are individualsfrom the low income we are in and encouragingour officials to provide parts of our society. This is not true; no part of us with the resources we need in order to keep our society is immune from drugs. communitiessafe. There is no doubt in my mind that with all the advancement we have made in We can never solve any crisis until we admit we technology, the medical field, space, etc., we have have a crisis. The challenge of the 90s will be for all the knowledge, the ability and the skills to solve ! parts of society to work very closely in dealing with the drug problem. It will take not only law enforce- any problem, but first we must admit we have a problcm. 1 ment, but the complete criminaljustice system, the educational system,the health department, etc., to deal with the drug problem. We have to realize drug dealers and users have almost stopped our present criminal justice system because they realize we have no space available in prisons. As soon as one dealer is arrested, another dealer takes hisher place. We have to send a strong message to the dealers and users that if they use and sell drugs, they will be sent to prison and all material things they have gained through illegal activitieswill be confiscated. We have to send a strong message to the user that they are responsible for their actions. There is no such thing as recreational use of drugs; they as users are contributingto the violence we are experiencingwith the drug dealers. They have to realize when they buy drugs they are providing monies for the drug dealers to purchase more weapons to SHERIFF D. G. "BILLnLEMACKS President, Georgia Sheriffs' Association Sheriff D. G. "Bill"Lemacks of Clayton County is a graduate of the Louisville Southern Police Institute - 52nd Class - Orator. He is Chairman of the Board of Directors, Clayton County Narcotics Unit, a member of the Peace Officers Association of Georgia and also a member of the National Sheriffs' Association. Sheriff Lemacks, along with former Sheriff Deyton, implemented the Junior Deputy Sheriffs' Program, which is now the second largest in the nation. Let me begin my remarks by telling you how much I appreciatebeing asked to contribute to the Georgia Criminal Justice Data, as published by the Bureau of Investigation in 1m. In the essence of sounding redundant, let me assure you that the drug problem in our state is threatening to bring our entire Criminal Justice System to a grinding halt. I feel very confident that the positions and proposals that I outline to you will be representative of the views of most of the Sheriffs in Georgia. We consider drugs to be the number one problem facing Law Enforcement and the Criminal Justice System. Many of my fellow Sheriffs estimate that 80 to 90 percent of all crimes being committed are either to promote the distribution or drugs, or to support habits of users. It is threatening the very fiber of our youth and our country. Unless strong measures are taken to reverse the trend, the Criminal Justice System, that now exists, will collapse. We feel that drastic actions and total war must be declared against the use of drugs in our society. We propose absolutely zero tolerance level for both the pushers and users of drugs. If we are ever to defeat this monstrosity, then the casual drug user must in some way be made to pay a penalty for experimentingwith these dangerous drugs. Penalties and fines must be severe. The one thing that means the most to young people is the privilege of being able to drive an automobile. We propose that the Legislature pass legislation in the next session of the General Assembly to suspend the license on the very first drug offense and to increase the severity and penalty on second and third time offenders. Most Sheriffs feel that we have enough laws to deal with drug pushers now. But, because of the tremendous overcrowding in our jails and prisons, we have a revolving door syndrome, and few drug pushers spend very little of their sentencesin prison. Going to jail and serving time in Georgia is no longer meaningful. I have had drug traffickers tell me, "Mr. Sheriff, I'll do my time standing on my head". We realize that the General Assembly has in the past spent millions of dollars to build additional facilities to house criminals. But, we also urge them with all sincerityand urgency, to keep up the pace to build prisons and make punishment of drug dealers, as well as other offenses, more meaningful. The Sheriffs of Georgia are more involved in the total Criminal Justice System than any other individual or agency. We are involved with law enforcement, correction, prosecution, courts, and suffer the consequences of probation and parole revocations. Many county jails are over capacity by 50 to 100 percent, and in some cases even 200 percent. We know Sheriffswill suffer most by mandating tougher sentences. Taking all of this into consideration, we still urge the legislature to pass laws, that any offender caught for the second time selling or trafficking drugs in any amount will serve at least one half or 50 percent of the sentence. We further urge that any offender caught three or more times, must serve 100 percent or all of the& sentence without chance of parole. Drastic steps must be taken to get and keep these people off the streets. Also Georgia has a need to develop a forfeiture law similar to that used in the Federal Courts. The Federal forfeiture laws are much more effective and easy to administer. Hit them where it hurts. Again we appreciate the legislature and their commitment in the past to commit to build additional prisons during the last year, and the tremendous commitment they made in funds toward this end. But, in my talk with the citizens in my county, as well as throughout the state, I find that the tax payers of this state will support efforts to continue building and staffing prisons as much as is needed till we rid our streets of these people who are destroying and killing our children. We further commend the legislature on their efforts to insist that the Board of Correctionsbuild less costly prisons, which will house more offenders. However, there is still more improvement to be made in the construction of low cost facilities by this state. Many Sheriffsstill think that less expensive alternatives are available. Finally we ask all Georgians to support their Sheriffsin asking that the state reimburse the counties for full cost for keeping state prisoners in local jails. It is not fair to the local taxpayer to pay the burden of housing state inmates. Again, thank you for being asked to give some remarks to this CriminalJustice Data, and I ask each of you to please support your local Law Enforcement Agency. Thank you. ROBERTL.DOSS, JR Director, Administrative Office of the Courts Mr. Doss received a Bachelor of Business Administration degree in Economics and a Master of Sciencedegree in CriminalJustice and Urban Affairs from Georgia State University. He is also a Certified Graduate Fellow of the Institute for Court Management. He came to the Administrative Office of the Courts in July 1973, as Assistant Director and has served as Director since September 1975. Case delay .is a problem that affects all the elements of the criminaljustice system in Georgia from the police officer on the beat to the courts and corrections officers. Increasing crime, primarily due to drug arrests, and enhanced law enforcement are giving courts many more cases each year. In calendar year 1987,226,610 cases were filed in the superior courts of Georgia. In 1988, cases filed increased to 247,197 (approximately90,000 of which were criminal). Managing case delay requires either costly increases of court resources, or more efficient methods of dispensingjustice. In the future, Georgia courts may need to turn to alternativedispute resolution methods such as mediation or arbitration for civil cases in order to free up court resources for criminal calendars. The goals of alternative dispute resolution (commonly referred to as ADR) are to relieve backlog, provide speedier, less costly resolution, and provide an alternative to the adversarial process. In mediation, a third party skilled in identifying areas of agreement, assists disputants in discussing their differences and reaching a mutually satisfactory settlement. In arbitration, a third party hears all sides of a dispute, reviews the evidence, and issues a decision that is meant to settle the dispute. Arbitration is private judging with simplified procedures, and parties usually agree to it in advance through contract. Georgia has had some successwith alternativedispute resolution methods. Since 1973in DeKalb County, the Neighborhood Justice Center has offered dispute mediation for problems in the following areas: domestic, neighborhood, landlord- tenant, juvenile, consumer-merchant, business-related, educational and small claims. Savannah also has a Neighborhood Justice Center. In Fulton County, the Civil Arbitration Program of the Superior Courts, begun as a test project in 1986, requires parties in civil cases involving damages of $25,000 or less to undergo non-binding arbitration before a three-member panel of trained arbitrators. In 1987,86% of cases assigned to the program were resolved without a trial. This arbitration program was made permanent by local rule in 1988. Fulton County also has a child custody mediation program which was implemented in April 1989. In November 1989, a group of Atlanta lawyers established the Center for Public Resources, Inc. which provides alternative dispute resolution expertise to corporationsand public institutions. Throughout the country, alternative dispute resolution is successfullyresolving conflicts with less cost, less time and less stress and is thus freeing the traditional court system to focus upon criminal calendars. In Georgia, alternative dispute resolution may develop more efficient use of our valuable resources and may benefit all parts of the judicial system. BOBBY K. WHITWORTH Commissioner, Georgia Department of Comtions Commissioner Whitworth was appointed to the post by the Georgia Board of Corrections in January 1990.Since 1982, he had served as Executive Deputy Commissioner. A 1%8 graduate of the University of Georgia, Mr. Whitworth began his career in government as Executive Director, U.S. Agriculture Stabilization and Conservation Service, Cherokee County. He joined the Department of Corrections in 1973. While law enforcement agencies, the courts and the correctional system are more effectivelyarmed and girded than ever before to meet our common enemy in the assault on crime, a clear victory is no closer to becoming a reality today than at any time in our past. Many battles have been won, surely, but the war rages on. And it is costly. Our departmentis experiencinga 13percent annual growth rate in the number of inmates we must house. The most recent computer projections by our statisticianspredict a tripling of the inmate population by the year 2001 -- assumingcurrent sentencingand release practices remain unchanged. We expect by 2001 to need housing for more than 63,000 inmates, the largest percentage of them serving time for violent crime. During the same time the number of probationers under agency supervision will skyrocket from the current level of almost 118,000 to more than 305,000. As the Board of Pardons and Paroles seeks to help relieve dire prison overcrowding in the next decade by a program of systematically releasing those offenders who present lower levels of risk, they predict their caseload will rise from just over 19,000 now to almost 60,000 by Fiscal Year 1999. The figures show all too clearly that the criminal element in Georgia will continue to exact an exorbitant price from society. To this point in time, Georgianshave said that they are willing.to bear the massive financial burden resulting from the illegal actions of a small percentage of the population. Proof of this willingness is found in the current, sorely-neededprison construction program in Georgia, with a total price tag approaching $375 million in capital outlay alone. How long Georgianswill be willing to shoulder this huge financial outlay is anyone's guess. As a lifetime Georgia resident I sense that as the price of justice spirals, the taxpayers will look less and less favorably on higher spending. What is the solution? It is clear the while the three main components of the criminaljustice system will continue to carry out the mission demanded of them by the Governor, the General Assembly and the people of Georgia, there must be a constant renewal of emphasis on programs in society aimed at keeping youth from ever having to come into contact with this system in the first place. It is in- cumbent upon all of us -- especially the schools, churches, civic organizations, and the families -- to drive home the message, beginning in kindergarten or earlier, that law breakers who waste their own lives and damage society will not be tolerated. We must provide punishment options while at the same time we offer the opportunity for those who want to do so to change their lives into productive ones. The flow of offenders coming into our jails, our courts and our prisons must be reduced at the source: At-risk-youth must be identified and counseled intensivelyto adhere to socially acceptable values, or there will be no end to the waves of offenders who will be flooding our criminal justice system from now on. WAYNE SNOW, JR. Chairman, State Board of Pardons and Paroles Mr. Snow received an A.B. degree from the University of Georgia in 1958and earned his L.L.B. degree there in 1%0. He served 21years in the GeneralAssembly; for 11 years he was Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee. Mr. Snow was appointed to a full seven-year term on the five-member Board of Pardons and Paroles by the Governor in 1983and elected Chairman in 1985. He also serves in 1990as President of the Association of Paroling Authorities International. In 1985the State Board of Pardons and Paroles developed a Victim Impact Statement questionnaire which crime victims may use to report their injuries and losses to the courts and the Parole Board. Then, in 1990,working with victim-witness assistance program officials in severaljudicial circuits, we revised the Statement to make it easier to use. Both times we provided copies to all district attorneys and solicitors in Georgia. This is just one example of expanding efforts in our state to provide victims greater access to and participation in the criminaljustice process. These efforts were long overdue. Victims should be given special handling by law enforcement,court, corrections, and parole officials, so that these victims may give information and views for consideration and may stay informed about each procedural step. In the past we have seen situationswhen our Board paroled someone and only then did the victim or the victim's family communicate to us their views about parole. They would be upset because parole occurred without their input. They would say they did not write us or call us before because they did not know they could do that or how to do it. In 1990the Parole Board took a step aimed at preventing, in the future, such misunderstanding. We developed a simple fact sheet especially for crime victims which advises them straightforwardly how and when they may call, write, or visit the Board's central office. It informs victims how they may submit information, recommendations, a Victim Impact Statement, or a protest against future parole for study by the Board members during con- sideration.We sent fact sheets to all district attorneys and solicitors so they could make this information known to victims and their families. If the Board receives a Victim Impact Statement about a crime against the person, such as rape or robbery, and if the Board is to consider parole before service of one-third of the sentence, the Board notifies the victim and invites comments, and also notifies the victim if parole is granted. I understand that in more and more of Georgia's judicial circuits victim-witness assistanceprograms are being started. I applaud this. Our Board is glad to hear from officials in these programs and glad to work with them in promoting more and better twoway communication with victims and their family members. Georgia Crime Information Center P.O. Box 370748 Decatur, Georgia 30037-0748