1993.2003 Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 Acknowledgements Georgia Department of Human Resources Maria Greene, Acting Commissioner Division of Public Health Kathleen E. Toomey, M.D., M.P.H., Director Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Branch Carol B. Steiner, R.N., M.N., Acting Director Family Health Branch Rosalyn Bacon, M.P.H., Director Epidemiology Branch Paul A. Blake, M.D., M.P.H., Director Georgia Department of Education Kathy Cox, State Superintendent of Schools Learning Support Division Phil Hulst, Director ORC Macro Applied Research Division James G. Ross, M.S., Senior Vice President Katherine H. Flint, M.A., Technical Director Lori A. Marshall, M.H.S., Technical Writer Courtney Mooney, M.A., Technical Writer Suggested Citation: Kanny D., Powell KE. Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, December 2003. Publication Number: DPH03/137HW Acknowledgements Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 i Table of Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 Personal Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2 Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 Suicide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 Tobacco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18 Marijuana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 Other Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25 Body Weight . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Physical Activity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30 AIDS Education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34 Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35 Appendix A Survey Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .38 Appendix B Detailed Data Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .40 Table of Contents Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 ii Introduction Many of the behaviors that put adults at greater risk for disease and death are initiated in adolescence, including tobacco use, physical inactivity, poor dietary habits, and behaviors that result in injuries. The purpose of the Georgia Student Health Survey (GSHS) is to monitor priority health-risk behaviors that put youth at risk for the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and social problems. Topics covered by the GSHS include unintentional injuries and violence; tobacco use; alcohol and other drug use; dietary behaviors; and physical activity. By monitoring these behaviors, Georgia can assess the overall progress of programs and policies to reduce the percentage of youth who are at risk for developing what are, by and large, preventable health problems. The Youth Risk Behaviors Survey (YRBS) and GSHS use identical sampling and data collection methods. They differ only in that some of the questions in the YRBS were not included in the GSHS. This report compares the results of the 1993 YRBS to those of the 2003 GSHS. Although there were some encouraging changes from 1993 to 2003, especially in the areas of personal safety, violence, and suicide, there were also increases in the percentage of students who engaged in certain drug-related health-risk behaviors. The results of these surveys apply to public school students in grades 9 through 12. Throughout the report, when changes are said to be significant, there is no overlap in the 95 percent confidence intervals of the percentages being compared. Ninety-five percent confidence intervals for each percentage are presented in the detailed data tables found in Appendix B and the wording of the questions is presented in Appendix A. Notable positive trends emerged from 1993 to 2003, including: Fewer students report never or rarely wearing a bicycle helmet. Fewer students report never or rarely wearing a seat belt when riding in a car. Fewer students report riding in a car with a driver who has been drinking alcohol. Fewer students are carrying weapons, including guns. Fewer students are engaging in physical fighting, including physical fighting on school property. Fewer students report suicidal ideation and fewer are attempting suicide. More students are being taught about AIDS or HIV infection in school. However, Georgia high school students continue to engage in drug-related risk behaviors. Specifically, from 1993 to 2003: More students have used marijuana at some point in their lives. More students currently use marijuana. More students have used cocaine at some point in their lives. More students report being offered, sold, or given illegal drugs on school property. Introduction Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 1 Bicycle Helmet Use Of students who rode a bicycle during the past 12 months, the percentage who never or rarely wore a bicycle helmet. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant decreases in the percentages of students who never or rarely wore a bicycle helmet among: - High school students overall: from 97% to 86%; - Male students: from 97% to 88%; - Female students: from 97% to 84%; - White students: from 97% to 81%; - 9th grade students: from 96% to 81%; - 10th grade students: from 97% to 88%; - 11th grade students: from 99% to 91%; and - 12th grade students: from 97% to 88%. percent Students who Never or Rarely Wore a Bicycle Helmet TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 100 97 86 80 97 88 97 84 60 40 20 0 Total Males Females Students who Never or Rarely Wore a Bicycle Helmet by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 100 98 93 97 81 80 60 40 20 0 African American White percent Students who Never or Rarely Wore a Bicycle Helmet by GRADE 1993 2003 100 96 81 80 97 88 99 91 97 88 60 40 20 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent Personal Safety Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 2 Seat Belt Use The percentage of students who never or rarely wear a seat belt when riding in a car driven by someone else. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant decreases in the percentages of students who never or rarely wear a seat belt when riding in a car driven by someone else among: - High school students overall: from 26% to 9%; - Male students: from 31% to 12%; - Female students: from 21% to 7%; - African-American students: from 28% to 9%; - White students: from 24% to 9%; - 9th grade students: from 31% to 8%; - 10th grade students: from 23% to 10%; and - 12th grade students: from 25% to 11%. Students who Never or Rarely Wear a Seat Belt by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 40 30 28 20 10 9 24 9 0 African American White percent percent percent Students who Never or Rarely Wear a Seat Belt TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 40 30 26 20 9 10 31 12 21 7 0 Total Males Females Students who Never or Rarely Wear a Seat Belt by GRADE 1993 2003 40 31 30 20 10 8 23 10 22 9 25 11 0 9th 10th 11th 12th Personal Safety Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 3 Riding with a Drunk Driver The percentage of students who, during the past 30 days, rode one or more times in a car or other vehicle driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant decreases in the percentages of students who rode in a vehicle driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol among: - High school students overall: from 36% to 24%; - Male students: from 37% to 24%; - Female students: from 34% to 24%; - African-American students: from 39% to 23%; - White students: from 34% to 24%; - 9th grade students: from 33% to 22%; and - 12th grade students: from 42% to 26%. Students who Rode in a Vehicle Driven by Someone who had been Drinking Alcohol by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 50 40 39 30 23 20 34 24 10 0 African American White percent percent percent Students who Rode in a Vehicle Driven by Someone who had been Drinking Alcohol TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 50 40 36 30 24 20 37 24 34 24 10 0 Total Males Females Students who Rode in a Vehicle Driven by Someone who had been Drinking Alcohol by GRADE 1993 2003 50 40 33 30 22 20 35 25 34 23 42 26 10 0 9th 10th 11th 12th Personal Safety Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 4 Drinking and Driving The percentage of students who, during the past 30 days, drove a car or other vehicle one or more times when they had been drinking alcohol. From 1993 to 2003, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of students who drove a car one or more times in the past 30 days after drinking alcohol among: - Male students: from 17% to 10%. Students who Drove a Vehicle After Drinking Alcohol by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 30 20 10 8 4 0 African American 17 11 White percent percent percent Students who Drove a Vehicle After Drinking Alcohol TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 30 20 13 10 8 0 Total 17 10 Males 9 6 Females Students who Drove a Vehicle After Drinking Alcohol by GRADE 1993 2003 30 23 20 14 14 10 8 10 8 9 4 0 9th 10th 11th 12th Personal Safety Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 5 Weapon Carrying The percentage of students who carried a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club on one or more of the past 30 days. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant decreases in the percentages of students who carried a weapon on one or more of the past 30 days among: - High school students overall: from 28% to 19%; - Male students: from 43% to 31%; - Female students: from 13% to 6%; - African-American students: from 25% to 13%; - White students: from 29% to 22%; and - 9th grade students: from 30% to 21%. Students who Carried a Weapon by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 50 40 30 25 20 13 10 29 22 0 African American White percent percent percent Students who Carried a Weapon TOTAL and by SEX 50 40 30 28 1993 2003 43 31 20 19 10 0 Total Males 13 6 Females Students who Carried a Weapon by GRADE 1993 2003 50 40 30 30 21 20 10 30 19 24 17 25 17 0 9th 10th 11th 12th Violence Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 6 Gun Carrying The percentage of students who carried a gun on one or more of the past 30 days. There were significant decreases in the percentages of students who carried a gun on one or more of the past 30 days among: - High school students overall: from 11% to 7%; and - Male students: from 18% to 11%. percent Students who Carried a Gun TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 30 20 11 10 7 0 Total 18 11 Males 4 2 Females Students who Carried a Gun by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 30 20 12 10 7 0 African American 9 7 White percent Students who Carried a Gun by GRADE 1993 2003 30 20 12 10 7 0 9th 97 10th 11 5 11th 11 7 12th percent Violence Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 7 Physical Fighting The percentage of students who were in a physical fight one or more times during the past 12 months. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant decreases in the percentages of students who were in a physical fight one or more times during the past 12 months among: - High school students overall: from 41% to 31%; - Female students: from 37% to 22%; - White students: from 39% to 29%; and - 9th grade students: from 49% to 34%. Students who were in a Physical Fight by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 50 44 40 33 30 39 29 20 10 0 African American White percent percent percent Students who were in a Physical Fight TOTAL and by SEX 50 41 40 31 30 20 1993 2003 45 40 37 22 10 0 Total Males Females Students who were in a Physical Fight by GRADE 50 49 40 34 30 1993 2003 40 34 35 29 35 26 20 10 0 9th 10th 11th 12th Violence Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 8 Injuries Resulting from Physical Fighting The percentage of students who were injured in a physical fight one or more times during the past 12 months and had to be treated by a doctor or nurse. From 1993 to 2003, there was no significant change in the percentage of high school students who were injured in a physical fight and had to be treated by a doctor or nurse, overall, by sex, by race/ethnicity, or by grade. Students who were Injured in a Physical Fight and had to be Treated by a Doctor or Nurse by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 10 percent Students who were Injured in a Physical Fight and had to be Treated by a Doctor or Nurse TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 10 5 4 3 0 Total 55 Males 3 2 Females Students who were Injured in a Physical Fight and had to be Treated by a Doctor or Nurse by GRADE 1993 2003 10 percent percent Violence 5 4 3 0 African American 4 3 White 5 4 3 0 9th 5 4 10th 33 11th 5 2 12th Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 9 Physical Fighting on School Property The percentage of students who were in a physical fight on school property one or more times during the past 12 months. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant decreases in the percentages of students who were in a physical fight on school property one or more times during the past 12 months among: - High school students overall: from 16% to 11%; and - African-American students: from 19% to 12%. percent Students who were in a Physical Fight on School Property TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 30 20 16 11 10 20 15 12 8 0 Total Males Females Students who were in a Physical Fight on School Property by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 30 20 19 12 10 14 10 0 African American White percent Students who were in a Physical Fight on School Property by GRADE 1993 2003 30 22 20 14 10 18 12 11 10 11 7 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent Violence Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 10 Suicidal Thoughts The percentage of students who seriously considered attempting suicide during the past 12 months. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant decreases in the percentages of students who seriously considered attempting suicide among: - High school students overall: from 24% to 16%; - Female students: from 30% to 20%; - White students: from 26% to 17%; - 9th grade students: from 25% to 17%; and - 12th grade students: from 23% to 14%. percent Students who Seriously Considered Attempting Suicide TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 40 30 24 20 16 10 18 13 30 20 0 Total Males Females Students who Seriously Considered Attempting Suicide by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 40 30 20 18 16 10 26 17 0 African American White percent Students who Seriously Considered Attempting Suicide by GRADE 1993 2003 40 30 25 20 17 10 26 18 19 15 23 14 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent Suicide Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 11 Plans for Suicide The percentage of students who made a plan about how they would attempt suicide during the past 12 months. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant decreases in the percentages of students who made a plan about how they would attempt suicide among: - High school students overall: from 19% to 13%; - Female students: from 25% to 15%; - White students: from 20% to 12%; - 9th grade students: from 20% to 13%; and - 10th grade students: from 24% to 13%. percent Students who Made a Plan about how they Would Attempt Suicide TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 30 25 20 19 15 13 14 11 10 0 Total Males Females Students who Made a Plan about how they Would Attempt Suicide by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 30 20 16 14 10 20 12 0 African American White percent Students who Made a Plan about how they Would Attempt Suicide by GRADE 1993 2003 30 20 20 13 10 24 13 14 14 17 11 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent Suicide Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 12 Suicide Attempts The percentage of students who actually attempted suicide one or more times during the past 12 months. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant decreases in the percentages of students who attempted suicide one or more times during the past 12 months among: - High school students overall: from 11% to 9%; and - Female students: from 15% to 9%. percent Students who Attempted Suicide TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 20 11 10 9 78 15 9 Students who Attempted Suicide by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 20 10 11 10 11 7 percent 0 Total Males Females Students who Attempted Suicide by GRADE 1993 2003 20 14 10 10 12 9 9 7 87 percent Suicide 0 African American White 0 9th 10th 11th 12th Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 13 Injuries Resulting from Suicide Attempts The percentage of students whose attempted suicide during the past 12 months resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse. From 1993 to 2003, there was no significant change in the percentage of high school students whose attempted suicide resulted in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that required medical attention, overall, by sex, by race/ethnicity, or by grade. Students whose Attempted Suicide Resulted in an Injury, Poisoning, or Overdose that Required Medical Attention by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 10 percent Students whose Attempted Suicide Resulted in an Injury, Poisoning, or Overdose that Required Medical Attention TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 10 5 33 0 Total 3 1 Males 5 3 Females Students whose Attempted Suicide Resulted in an Injury, Poisoning, or Overdose that Required Medical Attention by GRADE 1993 2003 10 percent percent Suicide 5 4 2 0 African American 3 2 White 5 4 3 0 9th 4 3 10th 3 2 11th 4 3 12th Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 14 Cigarette Use Before Age 13 The percentage of students who smoked a whole cigarette for the first time before age 13. There were significant decreases in the percentages of students who smoked a whole cigarette for the first time before age 13 among: - High school students overall: from 27% to 19%; - Male students: from 29% to 22%; - Female students: from 25% to 16%; - White students: from 31% to 21%; and - 9th grade students: from 29% to 18%. Students who Smoked a Whole Cigarette Before Age 13 by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 40 31 30 21 21 20 15 10 0 African American White percent percent percent Students who Smoked a Whole Cigarette Before Age 13 TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 40 30 27 20 19 10 29 22 25 16 0 Total Males Females Students who Smoked a Whole Cigarette Before Age 13 by GRADE 1993 2003 40 30 29 20 18 27 20 27 19 22 19 10 0 9th 10th 11th 12th Tobacco Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 15 Current Cigarette Use The percentage of students who smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days. From 1993 to 2003, there was no significant change in the percentage of high school students who smoked cigarettes on one or more of the past 30 days, overall, by sex, by race/ethnicity, or by grade. Students who Smoked Cigarettes on One or More of the Past 30 Days by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 40 33 30 29 20 10 10 9 0 African American White percent percent percent Students who Smoked Cigarettes on One or More of the Past 30 Days TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 40 30 24 21 20 25 23 24 19 10 0 Total Males Females Students who Smoked Cigarettes on One or More of the Past 30 Days by GRADE 1993 2003 40 30 22 20 18 24 19 29 25 22 23 10 0 9th 10th 11th 12th Tobacco Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 16 Current Chewing Tobacco Use The percentage of students who used chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip on one or more of the past 30 days. From 1993 to 2003, there was no significant change in the percentage of high school students who used chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip on one or more of the past 30 days, overall, by sex, by race/ethnicity, or by grade. percent Students who Used Chewing Tobacco, Snuff, or Dip on One or More of the Past 30 Days TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 20 18 14 10 10 8 0 Total Males 2 1 Females Students who Used Chewing Tobacco, Snuff, or Dip on One or More of the Past 30 Days by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 20 14 12 10 3 2 0 African American White percent Students who Used Chewing Tobacco, Snuff, or Dip on One or More of the Past 30 Days by GRADE 1993 2003 20 10 8 7 9 6 9 7 13 11 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent Tobacco Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 17 Lifetime Alcohol Use The percentage of students who had at least one drink of alcohol on one or more days during their life. From 1993 to 2003, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of students who had at least one drink of alcohol on one or more days in their life among: - 9th grade students: from 71% to 63%. Students who had at Least One Drink of Alcohol During their Life by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 80 73 66 60 78 76 40 20 0 African American White percent percent percent Students who had at Least One Drink of Alcohol During their Life TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 80 76 72 78 74 74 71 60 40 20 0 Total Males Females Students who had at Least One Drink of Alcohol During their Life by GRADE 1993 2003 80 71 63 60 78 72 80 74 80 78 40 20 0 9th 10th 11th 12th Alcohol Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 18 Alcohol Use Before Age 13 The percentage of students who had their first drink of alcohol, other than a few sips, before age 13. From 1993 to 2003, there was no significant change in the percentage of high school students who had their first drink of alcohol before age 13, overall, by sex, by race/ethnicity, or by grade. percent Students who had their First Drink of Alcohol Before Age 13 TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 50 40 32 30 30 20 37 35 28 24 10 0 Total Males Females Students who had their First Drink of Alcohol Before Age 13 by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 50 40 30 32 30 20 33 27 10 0 African American White percent Students who had their First Drink of Alcohol Before Age 13 by GRADE 1993 2003 50 42 40 37 30 20 35 31 28 23 23 19 10 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent Alcohol Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 19 Current Alcohol Use The percentage of students who had at least one drink of alcohol on one or more of the past 30 days. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant declines in the percentages of students who had at least one drink of alcohol on one or more of the past 30 days among: - African-American students: from 38% to 27%; and - 10th grade students: from 47% to 36%. percent Students who had at Least One Drink of Alcohol on One or More of the Past 30 Days TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 60 50 44 40 38 30 47 40 41 36 20 10 0 Total Males Females Students who had at Least One Drink of Alcohol on One or More of the Past 30 Days by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 60 50 40 38 49 45 30 27 20 10 0 African American White percent Students who had at Least One Drink of Alcohol on One or More of the Past 30 Days by GRADE 1993 2003 60 50 40 38 32 30 47 36 43 42 51 44 20 10 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent Alcohol Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 20 Binge Drinking The percentage of students who had five or more drinks of alcohol in a row, that is, within a couple of hours, on one or more of the past 30 days. From 1993 to 2003, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of students who had five or more drinks in a row on one or more of the past 30 days among: - 10th grade students: from 28% to 18%. percent Students who had Five or More Drinks in a Row on One or More of the Past 30 Days TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 40 30 25 20 20 10 29 23 21 16 0 Total Males Females Students who had Five or More Drinks in a Row on One or More of the Past 30 Days by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 40 32 30 28 20 14 10 8 0 African American White percent Students who had Five or More Drinks in a Row on One or More of the Past 30 Days by GRADE 1993 2003 40 30 20 18 14 10 28 18 26 24 30 27 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent Alcohol Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 21 Lifetime Marijuana Use The percentage of students who used marijuana one or more times during their life. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant increases in the percentages of students who had used marijuana one or more times during their life among: - High school students overall: from 27% to 38%; - Male students: from 32% to 43%; - Female students: from 23% to 33%; - African-American students: from 21% to 37%; - 9th grade students: from 22% to 30%; - 11th grade students: from 29% to 43%; and - 12th grade students: from 34% to 49%. Students who Used Marijuana One or More Times During Their Life by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 50 40 37 30 21 20 38 30 10 0 African American White percent percent percent Students who Used Marijuana One or More Times During Their Life TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 50 40 38 30 27 20 43 32 33 23 10 0 Total Males Females Students who Used Marijuana One or More Times During Their Life by GRADE 1993 2003 50 40 30 30 22 20 36 26 43 29 49 34 10 0 9th 10th 11th 12th Marijuana Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 22 Marijuana Use Before Age 13 The percentage of students who tried marijuana for the first time before age 13. From 1993 to 2003, there was a significant increase in the percentage of students who tried marijuana for the first time before age 13 among: - Male students: from 8% to 14%. Students who Tried Marijuana for the First Time Before Age 13 by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 20 percent Students who Tried Marijuana for the First Time Before Age 13 TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 20 14 10 9 8 6 55 0 Total Males Females Students who Tried Marijuana for the First Time Before Age 13 by GRADE 1993 2003 20 Marijuana percent 10 9 5 0 African American 9 6 White percent 11 10 7 8 7 0 9th 10th 7 5 11th 9 6 12th Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 23 Current Marijuana Use The percentage of students who used marijuana one or more times during the past 30 days. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant increases in the percentages of students who used marijuana one or more times during the past 30 days among: - High school students overall: from 14% to 20%; - Male students: from 17% to 24%; and - African-American students: from 10% to 17%. percent Students who Used Marijuana One or More Times During the Past 30 Days TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 30 20 20 14 10 24 17 15 11 0 Total Males Females Students who Used Marijuana One or More Times During the Past 30 Days by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 30 20 17 10 10 21 16 0 African American White percent Students who Used Marijuana One or More Times During the Past 30 Days by GRADE 1993 2003 30 20 17 12 10 17 15 22 15 24 15 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent Marijuana Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 24 Lifetime Cocaine Use The percentage of students who used any form of cocaine, including powder, crack, or freebase one or more times during their life. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant increases in the percentages of students who had used any form of cocaine one or more times during their life among: - High school students overall: from 3% to 7%; - Male students: from 4% to 8%; - White students: from 4% to 9%; - 9th grade students: from 2% to 4%; - 11th grade students: from 2% to 8%; and - 12th grade students: from 4% to 12%. Students who Used Any Form of Cocaine During Their Life by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 20 10 3 1 0 African American 9 4 White percent percent percent Students who Used Any Form of Cocaine During Their Life TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 20 10 7 3 0 Total 8 4 Males 6 3 Females Students who Used Any Form of Cocaine During Their Life by GRADE 1993 2003 20 10 4 2 0 9th 55 10th 8 2 11th 12 4 12th Other Drugs Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 25 Current Cocaine Use The percentage of students who used any form of cocaine, including powder, crack, or freebase one or more times during the past 30 days. From 1993 to 2003, there was no significant change in the percentage of students who used any form of cocaine one or more times during the past 30 days, overall, by sex, by race/ethnicity, or by grade. Students who Used Any Form of Cocaine One or More Times During the Past 30 Days by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 10 percent Students who Used Any Form of Cocaine One or More Times During the Past 30 Days TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 10 5 3 2 0 Total 4 2 Males 3 1 Females Students who Used Any Form of Cocaine One or More Times During the Past 30 Days by GRADE 1993 2003 10 percent percent Other Drugs 5 1 1 0 African American 4 2 White 5 2 1 0 9th 3 2 10th 3 1 11th 5 2 12th Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 26 Lifetime Steroid Use The percentage of students who took steroid pills or shots without a doctor's prescription one or more times during their life. From 1993 to 2003, there was no significant change in the percentage of students who took steroid pills or shots without a doctor's prescription one or more times during their life, overall, by sex, by race/ethnicity, or by grade. percent Students who Took Steroid Pills or Shots Without a Doctor's Prescription One or More Times During Their Life TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 10 5 4 3 0 Total 5 4 Males 3 1 Females Students who Took Steroid Pills or Shots Without a Doctor's Prescription One or More Times During Their Life by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 10 5 2 1 0 African American 6 3 White percent Students who Took Steroid Pills or Shots Without a Doctor's Prescription One or More Times During Their Life by GRADE 1993 2003 10 5 3 2 0 9th 4 3 10th 4 2 11th 6 3 12th percent Other Drugs Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 27 Acquisition of Illegal Drugs on School Property The percentage of students who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property by someone during the past 12 months. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant increases in the percentages of students who were offered, sold, or given an illegal drug on school property among: - High school students overall: from 21% to 33%; - Male students: from 26% to 38%; - Female students: from 17% to 28%; - African-American students: from 15% to 32%; - White students: from 24% to 33%; - 9th grade students: from 21% to 30%; - 11th grade students: from 20% to 33%; and - 12th grade students: from 16% to 33%. Students who were Offered, Sold, or Given an Illegal Drug on School Property During the Past 12 Months by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 40 32 30 33 24 20 15 10 0 African American White percent percent percent Students who were Offered, Sold, or Given an Illegal Drug on School Property During the Past 12 Months TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 40 38 33 30 26 26 21 20 17 10 0 Total Males Females Students who were Offered, Sold, or Given an Illegal Drug on School Property During the Past 12 Months by GRADE 1993 2003 40 37 30 30 26 21 20 33 20 33 16 10 0 9th 10th 11th 12th Other Drugs Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 28 Body Weight The percentage of students who describe themselves as slightly or very overweight. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant decreases in the percentages of students who describe themselves as slightly or very overweight among: - High school students overall: from 32% to 28%; and - Female students: from 40% to 33%. percent Students who Describe Themselves as Slightly or Very Overweight TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 40 40 32 33 30 28 23 22 20 10 0 Total Males Females Students who Describe Themselves as Slightly or Very Overweight by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 40 30 27 24 34 30 20 10 0 African American White percent Students who Describe Themselves as Slightly or Very Overweight by GRADE 1993 2003 40 33 30 29 31 26 29 27 33 28 20 10 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent Body Weight Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 29 Vigorous Physical Activity The percentage of students who exercised or participated in physical activities for at least 20 minutes that made them sweat and breathe hard on three or more of the past seven days. From 1993 to 2003, there was no significant change in the percentage of students who exercised or participated in physical activities for at least 20 minutes that made them sweat and breathe hard on three or more of the past seven days, overall, by sex, by race/ethnicity, or by grade. percent Students who Participated in Physical Activities for at Least 20 Minutes that Made them Sweat and Breathe Hard TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 80 60 60 59 74 68 50 46 40 20 0 Total Males Females Students who Participated in Physical Activities for at Least 20 Minutes that Made them Sweat and Breathe Hard by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 80 60 57 52 64 61 40 20 0 African American White percent Students who Participated in Physical Activities for at Least 20 Minutes that Made them Sweat and Breathe Hard By GRADE 1993 2003 80 67 68 60 61 61 54 51 56 48 40 20 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent Physical Activity Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 30 Physical Activity to Strengthen or Tone Muscles The percentage of students who did exercises to strengthen or tone their muscles, such as push-ups, sit-ups, or weight lifting on three or more of the past seven days. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant increases in the percentages of students who did exercises to strengthen or tone their muscles on three or more of the past seven days among: - Female students: from 30% to 41%; - White students: from 44% to 54%; and - 9th grade students: from 44% to 56%. percent Students who did Exercises to Strengthen or Tone their Muscles TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 60 60 56 50 50 42 41 40 30 30 20 10 0 Total Males Females Students who did Exercises to Strengthen or Tone their Muscles by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 60 50 44 41 40 54 44 30 20 10 0 African American White percent Students who did Exercises to Strengthen or Tone their Muscles by GRADE 1993 2003 60 56 50 44 40 52 44 46 39 45 42 30 20 10 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent Physical Activity Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 31 Physical Education Class Attendance The percentage of students who attended physical education class one or more days during an average school week. From 1993 to 2003, there was no significant change in the percentage of students who attended physical education class one or more days during an average school week, overall, by sex, by race/ethnicity, or by grade. percent Students who Attended PE Class One or More Days During an Average School Week TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 60 50 41 40 37 30 51 47 31 27 20 10 0 Total Males Females Students who Attended PE Class One or More Days During an Average School Week by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 60 50 47 40 37 30 38 36 20 10 0 African American White percent Students who Attended PE Class One or More Days During an Average School Week by GRADE 1993 2003 60 58 57 50 40 38 31 31 30 29 27 24 20 10 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent Physical Activity Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 32 Time Spent Exercising in Physical Education Class Of students enrolled in physical education class, the percentage who exercised or played sports more than 20 minutes during an average physical education class. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant increases in the percentages of students enrolled in physical education class who exercised or played sports for more than 20 minutes during an average physical education class among: - High school students overall: from 76% to 84%; - Female students: from 64% to 78%; - White students: from 77% to 90%; and - 9th grade students: from 74% to 84%. percent Students who Spent More than 20 Minutes Exercising in PE Class TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 100 84 80 76 60 87 84 78 64 40 20 0 Total Males Females Students who Spent More than 20 Minutes Exercising in PE Class by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 100 90 80 76 75 77 60 40 20 0 African American White percent Students who Spent More than 20 Minutes Exercising in PE Class by GRADE 1993 2003 100 89 84 82 80 78 74 75 79 60 40 20 0 9th 10th 11th * Due to small N, 2003 data not shown 12th * percent Physical Activity Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 33 AIDS Education The percentage of students who had ever been taught about AIDS or HIV infection in school. From 1993 to 2003, there were significant increases in the percentages of students who were taught about AIDS or HIV infection in school among: - High school students overall: from 87% to 94%; - Female students: from 86% to 95%; - White students: from 87% to 96%; - 9th grade students: from 89% to 94%; and - 11th grade students: from 83% to 96%. percent Students who were Taught about AIDS or HIV Infection in School TOTAL and by SEX 1993 2003 100 94 87 80 93 88 95 86 60 40 20 0 Total Males Females Students who were Taught about AIDS or HIV Infection in School by RACE/ETHNICITY 1993 2003 100 91 87 96 87 80 60 40 20 0 African American White percent Students who were Taught about AIDS or HIV Infection in School by GRADE 1993 2003 100 94 89 80 95 89 96 83 90 85 60 40 20 0 9th 10th 11th 12th percent AIDS Education Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 34 Methods The purpose of the 1993 Youth Risk Behaviors Survey (YRBS) and 2003 Georgia Student Health Surveys (GSHS) was to gather data on behaviors among youth related to the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Questionnaire Development Self-administered, anonymous questionnaires were used. Both the 1993 and 2003 questionnaires were modeled after the core Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The 1993 questionnaire consisted of 84 items and covered six topics from the YRBS: 1) behaviors that result in unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3) alcohol and other drug use; 4) sexual behaviors that result in HIV infection, other sexually transmitted diseases, and unintended pregnancies; 5) dietary behaviors; and 6) physical activity. The 2003 questionnaire consisted of 94 items and covered five topics from the YRBS: 1) behaviors that result in unintentional injuries and violence; 2) tobacco use; 3) alcohol and other drug use; 4) dietary behaviors; and 5) physical activity. No questions about sexual behavior were included in the 2003 GSHS, but questions about asthma, food allergies, diabetes, and gambling were added to the 2003 questionnaire. Sampling Sample Design The 1993 and 2003 high school samples were selected with an objective of having 95% confidence limits of approximately 5% around key variables. The sampling frame consisted of all regular public schools containing students enrolled in grades 9-12. A two-stage cluster sample design was used to produce a representative sample of high school students in grades 9-12. The sampling program PC-Sample was used to draw the samples in 1993 and 2003. Sampling Procedures School Level - The first-stage sampling frame consisted of all public schools containing any of grades 9-12. Schools were selected with probability proportional to school enrollment size (PPS). Thirty-seven high schools were sampled in 1993 and 50 high schools were sampled in 2003. Class Level - The second sampling stage consisted of systematic equal probability sampling (with a random start) of classes from each high school that participated in the survey. All classes in a required subject or all classes meeting during a particular period of the day, depending on the school, were included in the sampling frame. Student Level All students in a selected class were eligible to participate in the survey. Student make-ups were also conducted. Methods Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 35 Methods (cont'd) Data Collection Surveys were administered in the spring of 1993 and 2003. Weighting A weight variable was calculated for each student record to reflect the likelihood of sampling each student and to reduce bias by compensating for differing patterns of nonresponse. The weight used for estimation is given by: W = W1 * W2 * f1 * f2 *f3 W1 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the school W2 = the inverse of the probability of selecting the classroom within the school f1 = a school-level non-response adjustment factor calculated by school size category (small, medium, large). The factor was calculated in terms of school enrollment instead of number of schools. f2 = a student-level non-response adjustment factor calculated by class f3 = a post stratification adjustment factor calculated by gender within grade and by race/ethnicity Methods Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 36 Methods (cont'd) Table 1 outlines the GSHS response rates for 1993 and 2003. Table 1 1993 and 2003 GSHS Response Rates 1993 2003 School Selected Participated Response Rate (%) 37 29 78% 50 48 96% Student Selected Participated Response Rate (%) 1,977 1,621 82% 2,209 2,066 94% Overall Response Rate (%) 64% 90% Statistical Significance SUDAAN was used to compute 95% confidence intervals, which were used to determine the differences between subgroups at the p<0.05 level. Difference between prevalence estimates were considered statistically significant if the 95% confidence intervals did not overlap. Methods Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 37 Appendix A: Survey Questions 1. When you rode a bicycle during the past 12 months, how often did you wear a helmet? 2. How often do you wear a seat belt when riding in a car driven by someone else? 3. During the past 30 days, how many times did you ride in a car or other vehicle driven by someone who had been drinking alcohol? 4. During the past 30 days, how many times did you drive a car or other vehicle when you had been drinking alcohol? 5. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a weapon such as a gun, knife, or club? 6. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you carry a gun? 7. During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight? 8. During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight in which you were injured and had to be treated by a doctor or nurse? 9. During the past 12 months, how many times were you in a physical fight on school property? 10. During the past 12 months, did you ever seriously consider attempting suicide? 11. During the past 12 months, did you make a plan about how you would attempt suicide? 12. During the past 12 months, how many times did you actually attempt suicide? 13. If you attempted suicide during the past 12 months, did any attempt result in an injury, poisoning, or overdose that had to be treated by a doctor or nurse? 14. How old were you when you smoked a whole cigarette for the first time? 15. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you smoke cigarettes? 16. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you use chewing tobacco, snuff, or dip, such as Redman, Levi Garrett, Beechnut, Skoal, Skoal Bandits, or Copenhagen? (Note 1993 survey question asked: During the past 30 days, did you use chewing tobacco such as Redman, Levi Garrett, or Beechnut, or snuff, such as Skoal, Skoal Bandits, or Copenhagen?) 17. During your life, on how many days have you had at least one drink of alcohol? 18. How old were you when you had your first drink of alcohol other than a few sips? 19. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have at least one drink of alcohol? 20. During the past 30 days, on how many days did you have five or more drinks in a row, that is, within a couple of hours? Appendix A: Survey Questions Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 38 Appendix A: Survey Questions (cont'd) 21. During your life, how many times have you used marijuana? 22. How old were you when you tried marijuana for the first time? 23. During the past 30 days, how many times did you use marijuana? 24. During your life, how many times have you used any form of cocaine, including powder, crack, or freebase? 25. During the past 30 days, how many times did you used any form of cocaine, including powder, crack, or freebase? 26. During your life, how many times have you taken steroid pills or shots without a doctor's prescription? 27. During the past 12 months, has anyone offered, sold, or given you an illegal drug on school property? 28. How do you describe your weight? 29. On how many of the past seven days did you exercise or participate in physical activity for at least 20 minutes that made you sweat and breathe hard, such as basketball, soccer, running, swimming laps, fast bicycling, fast dancing, or similar aerobic activities? 30. On how many of the past seven days did you do exercises to strengthen or tone your muscles, such as push-ups, sit-ups, or weight lifting? 31. In an average week when you are in school, on how many days do you go to physical education (PE) classes? 32. During an average physical education (PE) class, how many minutes do you spend actually exercising or playing sports? 33. Have you ever been taught about AIDS or HIV infection in school? Appendix A: Survey Questions Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 39 1993 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables Table 1: Personal Safety Variable Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders Never or Rarely Wore a Bicycle Helmet % (95% CI) 97.0 (1.5) 97.3 (2.0) 96.7 (1.7) 97.6 (2.0) 97.4 (1.9) 95.8 (2.7) 97.4 (1.9) 98.6 (2.1) 97.2 (2.1) Never or Rarely Wore a Seat Belt % (95% CI) 25.7 (4.7) 30.9 (6.9) 20.7 (3.2) 27.5 (4.9) 24.0 (6.4) 30.6 (5.8) 23.1 (6.3) 21.7 (10.4) 25.3 (5.1) Rode in a Vehicle Driven by Someone who had been Drinking Alcohol % (95% CI) Drove a Vehicle when they had been Drinking Alcohol % (95% CI) 35.6 (3.5) 37.1 (5.7) 34.3 (4.1) 38.7 (6.4) 34.0 (3.7) 33.3 (5.0) 34.6 (6.1) 33.6 (5.3) 41.8 (8.2) 13.2 (3.2) 17.4 (4.5) 9.1 (3.0) 8.4 (3.1) 16.6 (3.4) 7.9 (3.3) 10.1 (4.6) 14.2 (3.3) 22.9 (7.0) Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders 85.9 (2.5)* 87.5 (3.2)* 83.6 (3.2)* 92.8 (3.3) 81.1 (3.6)* 81.0 (5.4)* 88.4 (3.1)* 90.9 (4.1)* 88.1 (6.4)* 9.4 (1.6)* 11.6 (2.6)* 7.1 (1.6)* 8.9 (1.9)* 9.0 (2.5)* 7.7 (2.7)* 10.1 (3.4)* 9.1 (3.9) 10.7 (4.3)* 24.0 (2.9)* 24.4 (3.4)* 23.5 (3.7)* 23.2 (3.2)* 23.6 (3.5)* 22.4 (4.2)* 24.7 (5.4) 23.4 (5.0) 25.5 (6.6)* 8.3 (2.4) 10.4 (2.4)* 6.3 (2.7) 4.4 (1.9) 10.7 (3.2) 4.3 (1.5) 7.8 (2.7) 9.4 (4.3) 13.5 (4.6) * indicates change from 1993 to 2003 was statistically significant. 2003 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 40 1993 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables (cont'd) Table 2: Violence Variable Weapon Carrying % (95% CI) Gun Carrying % (95% CI) Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders 27.7 (3.3) 43.0 (7.2) 12.9 (3.9) 25.1 (4.1) 28.6 (4.0) 30.0 (4.6) 29.7 (7.1) 24.0 (6.5) 24.8 (4.9) 18.7 (2.3)* 31.4 (4.2)* 6.2 (1.6)* 13.2 (3.7)* 22.0 (2.4)* 20.5 (3.7)* 18.7 (4.6) 17.0 (4.2) 17.4 (3.6) 10.7 (2.1) 18.0 (4.1) 3.7 (1.1) 12.3 (3.3) 8.8 (2.6) 11.6 (2.9) 9.3 (4.3) 10.7 (3.6) 10.9 (4.9) 6.8 (1.6)* 11.3 (2.5)* 2.2 (0.9) 6.5 (2.5) 6.7 (1.6) 7.3 (2.5) 6.6 (2.6) 5.0 (2.6) 7.4 (3.0) Physical Fighting % (95% CI) Injuries from Physical Fighting % (95% CI) 40.8 (3.4) 45.0 (3.7) 36.9 (4.1) 43.9 (6.3) 38.8 (4.5) 48.7 (8.6) 40.3 (4.5) 34.9 (7.5) 35.2 (7.6) 31.4 (2.4)* 40.3 (3.6) 22.4 (3.3)* 33.3 (4.3) 29.4 (3.2)* 33.6 (4.9)* 34.1 (3.7) 28.8 (5.1) 26.3 (5.5) 3.9 (1.1) 5.2 (1.8) 2.6 (1.1) 3.3 (1.6) 3.8 (1.5) 3.7 (2.2) 4.7 (2.6) 2.7 (1.8) 4.5 (2.3) 3.2 (0.7) 4.8 (1.3) 1.6 (0.8) 3.7 (1.3) 2.5 (1.0) 3.0 (1.3) 3.6 (1.9) 3.2 (1.5) 2.4 (1.7) Physical Fighting on School Property % (95% CI) 16.0 (2.9) 19.7 (3.8) 12.4 (3.9) 19.1 (3.6) 13.5 (3.7) 21.6 (5.8) 17.5 (5.2) 10.8 (4.2) 10.5 (2.9) 11.1 (1.5)* 14.5 (2.9) 7.6 (1.9) 11.7 (2.7)* 9.6 (2.4) 13.7 (3.0) 11.6 (2.9) 9.9 (2.8) 6.6 (2.4) * indicates change from 1993 to 2003 was statistically significant. 2003 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 41 1993 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables (cont'd) Table 3: Suicide Variable Seriously Considered Suicide % (95% CI) Made a Plan for Suicide % (95% CI) Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders 23.9 (3.1) 17.6 (4.4) 30.1 (3.8) 18.3 (3.1) 26.2 (4.3) 25.3 (2.4) 26.1 (5.9) 19.1 (6.0) 23.4 (4.2) 16.4 (1.7)* 13.1 (2.2) 19.8 (2.8)* 15.7 (3.1) 16.7 (2.7)* 16.8 (2.1)* 18.2 (3.5) 15.2 (4.7) 14.2 (3.9)* 19.3 (2.5) 13.8 (3.4) 24.6 (3.3) 15.9 (3.7) 20.2 (3.3) 19.6 (3.3) 24.3 (5.8) 14.1 (4.0) 17.0 (3.9) 13.0 (1.9)* 11.4 (2.1) 14.5 (2.6)* 13.9 (2.9) 12.2 (2.8)* 13.2 (3.0)* 12.7 (3.4)* 13.9 (3.8) 11.2 (3.9) * indicates change from 1993 to 2003 was statistically significant. Attempted Suicide % (95% CI) Injuries from Suicide Attempt % (95% CI) 11.4 (1.8) 7.4 (1.6) 15.3 (3.3) 10.8 (3.5) 11.3 (2.8) 14.3 (2.9) 11.9 (4.7) 9.1 (2.5) 8.0 (2.3) 8.5 (1.0)* 8.2 (1.7) 8.7 (1.9)* 10.0 (2.6) 7.4 (1.5) 9.8 (2.0) 8.9 (2.8) 6.5 (1.9) 7.4 (3.2) 3.2 (0.7) 1.3 (0.9) 5.0 (1.9) 2.2 (1.3) 3.2 (1.1) 3.8 (1.2) 3.7 (2.0) 1.8 (1.8) 2.5 (1.6) 3.0 (0.6) 3.0 (1.3) 3.0 (1.1) 4.1 (1.2) 2.4 (0.8) 2.7 (1.4) 3.1 (1.6) 2.5 (1.3) 3.6 (1.7) 2003 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 42 1993 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables (cont'd) Table 4: Tobacco Variable Cigarettes Use Before Age 13 % (95% CI) Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders 26.7 (3.2) 28.9 (2.9) 24.6 (4.8) 20.5 (3.7) 30.6 (3.3) 28.8 (5.1) 27.4 (4.4) 27.0 (6.1) 22.2 (4.3) 18.9 (2.5)* 22.2 (3.0)* 15.6 (2.7)* 14.5 (3.0) 21.4 (3.7)* 18.4 (3.3)* 19.6 (3.4) 18.8 (5.8) 18.5 (4.9) * indicates change from 1993 to 2003 was statistically significant. Current Cigarette Use % (95% CI) 24.3 (5.0) 24.7 (4.7) 24.0 (6.1) 9.6 (3.3) 33.0 (8.0) 22.2 (3.9) 23.5 (7.3) 29.2 (8.7) 22.0 (7.6) 20.9 (2.5) 23.2 (3.1) 18.7 (3.6) 8.9 (2.7) 28.5 (2.8) 17.9 (3.1) 18.6 (4.1) 25.2 (5.4) 23.4 (6.0) Current Chewing Tobacco Use % (95% CI) 9.6 (2.6) 17.6 (4.3) 1.8 (1.5) 2.7 (2.3) 13.7 (2.5) 8.1 (3.0) 8.7 (4.2) 9.2 (3.7) 12.5 (2.9) 7.6 (1.5) 13.9 (2.9) 1.3 (0.7) 1.9 (1.2) 11.5 (2.6) 6.6 (1.5) 6.2 (2.8) 7.1 (3.8) 10.7 (3.3) 2003 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 43 1993 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables (cont'd) Table 5: Alcohol Variable Lifetime Alcohol Use % (95% CI) Alcohol Use Before Age 13 % (95% CI) Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders 75.5 (3.4) 77.7 (3.2) 73.5 (4.2) 73.4 (4.5) 77.5 (3.8) 71.3 (4.4) 77.7 (3.7) 74.4 (6.9) 79.9 (5.6) 72.2 (2.4) 73.5 (3.5) 70.9 (3.4) 66.0 (2.9) 76.3 (3.8) 63.1 (3.7)* 72.0 (5.8) 80.0 (3.5) 78.2 (4.5) 32.4 (3.8) 37.4 (4.2) 27.5 (4.3) 30.3 (5.3) 32.8 (4.4) 41.6 (5.7) 35.3 (5.0) 27.6 (9.9) 19.4 (4.3) 29.5 (3.3) 34.5 (4.0) 24.4 (3.7) 31.7 (4.6) 27.2 (4.6) 37.3 (5.9) 30.8 (4.7) 22.8 (4.4) 22.9 (4.8) * indicates change from 1993 to 2003 was statistically significant. Current Alcohol Use % (95% CI) 44.1 (4.8) 47.1 (4.5) 41.3 (7.4) 38.0 (3.9) 48.8 (5.7) 37.8 (4.0) 47.4 (6.2) 42.8 (6.8) 50.5 (8.2) 37.7 (2.8) 39.5 (3.9) 36.0 (3.9) 26.9 (3.0)* 44.6 (3.1) 32.3 (3.2) 36.4 (4.1)* 41.8 (6.6) 43.6 (5.6) Binge Drinking % (95% CI) 24.8 (4.6) 29.1 (7.0) 20.7 (5.3) 14.3 (5.1) 31.9 (4.0) 17.6 (3.9) 28.1 (5.2) 26.4 (7.6) 29.5 (7.5) 19.8 (2.7) 23.2 (3.6) 16.4 (3.2) 8.2 (2.3) 27.5 (3.0) 14.2 (2.1) 17.7 (4.2)* 23.7 (4.9) 26.7 (7.0) 2003 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 44 1993 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables (cont'd) Table 6: Marijuana Variable Lifetime Marijuana Use % (95% CI) Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders 27.0 (3.5) 31.7 (3.9) 22.5 (4.9) 20.5 (3.5) 29.8 (4.7) 22.1 (3.5) 26.0 (6.4) 28.5 (8.2) 33.8 (7.5) 38.1 (2.4)* 43.1 (2.9)* 33.1 (3.7)* 37.3 (3.5)* 38.1 (3.9) 29.7 (3.8)* 35.7 (4.3) 42.7 (5.6)* 48.9 (5.8)* * indicates change from 1993 to 2003 was statistically significant. Marijuana Use Before Age 13 % (95% CI) 6.3 (1.7) 7.6 (2.7) 5.1 (1.6) 5.1 (2.7) 6.2 (2.0) 6.5 (4.0) 7.3 (3.9) 5.1 (3.0) 5.7 (2.3) 9.3 (1.4) 13.6 (2.2)* 4.9 (1.3) 9.4 (2.4) 9.0 (2.1) 11.4 (3.1) 8.3 (2.4) 7.1 (2.2) 8.9 (3.5) Current Marijuana Use % (95% CI) 14.0 (3.6) 17.0 (3.6) 11.2 (4.2) 9.8 (3.1) 15.9 (5.6) 11.6 (3.5) 15.0 (5.5) 15.3 (8.9) 14.5 (5.5) 19.5 (1.9)* 23.7 (2.7)* 15.4 (2.8) 17.3 (2.4)* 21.0 (2.7) 17.1 (2.7) 17.1 (2.1) 21.9 (4.7) 23.6 (4.1) 2003 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 45 1993 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables (cont'd) Table 7: Other Drugs Variable Lifetime Cocaine Use % (95% CI) Current Cocaine Use % (95% CI) Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders 3.2 (1.4) 3.8 (2.0) 2.5 (1.6) 0.8 (0.7) 3.8 (1.7) 1.8 (1.2) 4.9 (2.7) 2.1 (2.0) 4.3 (1.7) 7.1 (1.4)* 7.8 (1.5)* 6.3 (2.4) 2.6 (1.2) 9.3 (2.8)* 4.4 (1.3)* 5.4 (1.9) 8.2 (3.2)* 12.1 (3.3)* 1.6 (0.9) 1.8 (1.4) 1.3 (1.2) 0.5 (0.5) 1.9 (1.2) 0.9 (0.8) 2.4 (2.0) 1.3 (1.4) 1.8 (1.5) 3.1 (1.2) 3.7 (1.4) 2.5 (1.7) 1.4 (0.9) 4.0 (2.0) 1.9 (1.1) 2.7 (1.4) 3.1 (2.8) 5.2 (2.9) * indicates change from 1993 to 2003 was statistically significant. Lifetime Steroid Use % (95% CI) Acquisition of Illegal Drugs on School Property % (95% CI) 2.6 (0.9) 3.8 (1.7) 1.4 (0.9) 1.2 (1.3) 3.4 (1.1) 2.1 (1.0) 3.3 (1.9) 1.8 (1.6) 3.3 (1.9) 21.2 (4.3) 25.9 (5.2) 16.6 (4.1) 14.9 (3.0) 23.6 (6.2) 20.8 (4.0) 25.9 (7.0) 20.2 (6.6) 16.3 (4.8) 4.4 (1.0) 5.4 (1.4) 3.4 (1.1) 2.1 (0.9) 5.6 (1.6) 3.1 (1.2) 4.3 (1.4) 4.2 (1.8) 6.3 (3.0) 33.3 (2.0)* 38.4 (3.2)* 28.3 (3.0)* 31.9 (3.5)* 32.9 (2.1)* 30.3 (3.2)* 36.7 (4.2) 33.4 (4.4)* 33.1 (5.5)* 2003 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 46 1993 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables (cont'd) Table 8: Body Weight and Physical Activity Variable Describe Themselves as Slightly or Very Overweight % (95% CI) Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders 31.7 (1.8) 22.9 (1.8) 40.3 (3.3) 27.2 (2.5) 34.4 (2.7) 32.7 (5.5) 31.4 (4.2) 28.9 (6.7) 33.1 (4.9) Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders 27.7 (1.9)* 22.4 (2.1) 33.1 (3.1)* 23.6 (3.2) 29.7 (2.5) 28.7 (3.4) 26.1 (3.8) 27.4 (4.6) 28.4 (5.6) * indicates change from 1993 to 2003 was statistically significant. Engaged in Vigorous Physical Activity % (95% CI) Engaged in Physical Activity to Strengthen or Tone Muscles % (95% CI) 59.5 (5.6) 73.6 (5.9) 45.8 (5.5) 57.0 (7.5) 61.1 (5.9) 66.5 (4.2) 60.6 (5.3) 50.7 (13.8) 56.3 (8.0) 42.4 (4.9) 55.6 (5.3) 29.6 (5.8) 41.0 (5.5) 43.6 (5.6) 44.0 (5.3) 43.7 (4.2) 39.4 (10.2) 41.5 (8.8) 59.0 (3.1) 67.9 (3.0) 50.0 (4.1) 52.3 (3.3) 63.6 (3.4) 67.8 (4.1) 60.7 (4.2) 54.1 (4.8) 48.2 (5.3) 50.3 (3.3) 59.6 (3.6) 41.0 (3.8)* 44.1 (4.1) 54.0 (3.9)* 55.6 (5.2)* 51.7 (4.7) 46.0 (5.1) 45.2 (6.0) 2003 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 47 1993 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables (cont'd) Table 9: Physical Activity (contd.) and AIDS Education Variable Attend PE Class One or More Days per Week % (95% CI) Exercise or Play Sports for at Least 20 Minutes in PE Class % (95% CI) Taught About AIDS or HIV Infection in School % (95% CI) Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders 40.7 (5.9) 50.8 (7.1) 30.8 (5.8) 46.6 (8.3) 37.5 (6.9) 57.8 (9.5) 29.4 (8.6) 30.8 (13.8) 37.9 (10.9) 75.8 (3.9) 83.8 (3.7) 63.9 (5.9) 75.7 (5.9) 77.0 (5.4) 73.8 (5.2) 77.5 (4.2) 75.1 (14.8) 79.1 (5.9) 86.8 (1.9) 87.9 (2.9) 85.6 (2.8) 86.7 (2.8) 87.1 (3.4) 88.8 (2.4) 88.9 (4.2) 83.3 (8.5) 84.9 (3.8) Total Males Females African Americans Whites 9th Graders 10th Graders 11th Graders 12th Graders 36.8 (4.8) 47.3 (5.6) 26.7 (4.7) 36.5 (6.2) 35.8 (6.3) 56.9 (6.5) 31.3 (7.1) 26.9 (5.9) 23.7 (9.3) 83.9 (3.3)* 87.3 (4.0) 78.1 (5.8)* 75.4 (6.1) 90.2 (3.1)* 83.6 (3.6)* 81.6 (7.7) 88.8 (6.3) 93.6 (1.3)* 92.6 (1.9) 94.5 (1.3)* 90.8 (2.6) 95.7 (1.1)* 93.7 (1.8)* 94.6 (1.9) 95.6 (2.4)* 89.7 (3.0) * indicates change from 1993 to 2003 was statistically significant; indicates unweighted N less than 100 2003 Appendix B: Detailed Data Tables Health Behaviors among Georgia Youth: A Decade of Change, 1993 and 2003 48