2005 GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 1 2 Acknowledgments Georgia Department of Human Resources Division of Public Health Epidemiology Branch Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section Georgia BRFSS B.J. Walker, Commissioner Stuart T. Brown, M.D., Director Susan Lance, D.V.M., Ph.D., Director John Horan, M.D., M.P.H., Chief Leah Bryan, M.P.H., Coordinator Shani Thompson, M.P.H., Epidemiologist Dafna Kanny, Ph.D., Project Director The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is supported in part through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement U58/CCU422885. Without the cooperation and participation of the Georgia residents who completed the telephone survey, the BRFSS would not be possible. Cover photos courtesy of Georgia Department of Industry, Trade and Tourism. Graphic Design : Jimmy Clanton, Jr. Suggested Citation: Bryan L, Thompson S, Patel M. 2005 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section, November 2006. Publication number DPH06/154HW. Table of Contents Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Chronic Conditions Obesity .................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Diabetes ................................................................................................................................................................................. 8 Asthma .................................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Arthritis .................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 High Blood Pressure .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 Coronary Heart Disease ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 Risk Behaviors Cigarette Smoking .................................................................................................................................................................. 18 Physical Inactivity .................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Fruit and Vegetable Consumption ........................................................................................................................................... 22 Binge Drinking ........................................................................................................................................................................ 24 Frequent Mental Distress ....................................................................................................................................................... 26 Preventive Practices Mammography ....................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Pap Test ................................................................................................................................................................................. 30 Colorectal Cancer Screening (Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) ................................................................................................. 32 Cholesterol Screening ............................................................................................................................................................ 34 HIV/AIDS Testing ................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Influenza Vaccination .............................................................................................................................................................. 38 Pneumonia Vaccination .......................................................................................................................................................... 40 Health Insurance .................................................................................................................................................................... 42 Disability ................................................................................................................................................................................ 44 Healthy People 2010 Table ................................................................................................................................................................. 46 Data Tables ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 48 Methods .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 51 Definitions ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 53 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 3 4 Introduction The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a primary source of information on the major health risk behaviors and the use of clinical preventive services among adult Georgians. This report presents BRFSS data for Georgia and for the 18 public health districts overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, age group, annual household income, level of education and health insurance status. For the state, all estimates are based on the 2005 BRFSS survey. For the 18 health districts, survey data from 2000 through 2005 have been aggregated to increase the sample size and improve the accuracy and precision of the estimates. For each of the risk factors in this report national Healthy People 2010 objectives have been identified. These objectives represent targets to be reached by the year 2010 and support the overarching goals of Healthy People 2010 to increase the quality and years of healthy life and eliminate disparities. Georgia Public Health Districts District 1-1, Northwest (Rome) District 1-2, North Georgia (Dalton) District 2, North (Gainsville) District 3-1, Cobb/Douglas District 3-2, Fulton District 3-3, Clayton (Marrow) District 3-4, East Metro (Lawrenceville) District 3-5, DeKalb District 4, LaGrange District 5-1, South Central (Dublin) District 5-2, North Central (Macon) District 6, East Central (Augusta) District 7, West Central (Columbus) District 8-1, South (Valdosta) District 8-2, Southwest (Albany) District 9-1, Coastal (Savannah/Brunswick) District 9-2, Southeast (Waycross) District 10, Northeast (Athens) Counties Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Dade, Floyd, Gordon, Haralson, Paulding, Polk, Walker Cherokee, Fannin, Gilmer, Murray, Pickens, Whitfield Banks, Dawson, Forsyth, Franklin, Habersham, Hall, Hart, Lumpkin, Rabun, Stephens, Towns, Union, White Cobb, Douglas Fulton Clayton Gwinnett, Newton, Rockdale DeKalb Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Fayette, Heard, Henry, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Bleckley, Dodge, Johnson, Laurens, Montgomery, Pulaski, Telfair, Treutlen, Wheeler, Wilcox Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Hancock, Houston, Jasper, Jones, Monroe, Peach, Putnam, Twiggs, Washington, Wilkinson Burke, Columbia, Emanuel, Glascock, Jefferson, Jenkins, Lincoln, McDuffie, Richmond, Screven, Taliaferro, Warren, Wilkes Chattahoochee, Clay, Crisp, Dooly, Harris, Macon, Muscogee, Marion, Quitman, Randolph, Schely, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taylor, Webster Ben Hill, Berrien, Brooks, Cook, Echols, Irwin, Lanier, Lowndes, Tift, Turner Baker, Calhoun, Colquitt, Dougherty, Decatur, Early, Grady, Lee, Miller, Mitchell, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, Worth Chatham, Effingham, Bryan, Camden, Glynn, Liberty, Long, McIntosh Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Brantley, Bulloch, Candler, Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Evans, Jeff Davis, Pierce, Tattnall, Toombs, Ware, Wayne Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Madison, Morgan, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton GeorgGieaorgia PuCboliucnHtyeaHlJteuhanlDtehi2sDt0re0icp6tasrtments 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 5 Obesity 6 Percent Obesity is a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes 50 mellitus, coronary heart disease, gall bladder 40 disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and some types of cancer. Obesity is 30 also associated with high blood cholesterol and high blood pressure. The risk of these conditions 20 can be reduced by weight loss. Recommendations 10 for weight loss and weight maintenance include reducing calories and increasing physical activity. 0 Obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI) of 30.0 or more. BMI= weight in kg/(height in m)2 50 40 Obese Adults, 30 Percent Georgia 2005: 26.5% 20 Healthy People 2010 Objective: 15% 10 Obesity among adult Georgians is significantly 0 more prevalent in blacks and is more common in adults who have household incomes less than $15,000. 50 Percent of Obese Adults, by Sex, Georgia 2005 25.7 27.3 Male Female Sex Percent of Obese Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 23.8 White Race/Ethnicity 32.8 Black Percent of Obese Adults, by Age, Georgia 2005 40 30 Percent 20 10 22.6 0 18-24 23.1 25-34 29.0 35-44 Age 29.9 45-54 29.4 55-64 25.1 65+ Percent Percent Percent Percent of Obese Adults, by Annual Household Income, 50 Georgia 2005 40 30 20 10 36.0 28.2 28.9 28.2 23.9 23.0 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Obese Adults, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 27.9 29.2 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 28.5 Some College Level of Education 21.6 College Graduate Percent of Obese Adults, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 26.0 0 Health Insurance 30.0 No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Obese Adults by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2005 T o ta l Sex R a ce Age Ma le Fe ma le W hite Bla ck 18-44 45-64 65+ D IST R ICT N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI GE OR GIA 30978 24.1 23.4-24.7 23.6 22.6-24.7 24.6 23.8-25.4 21.5 20.8-22.2 31.4 29.9-32.9 22.2 21.3-23.2 28.9 27.8-30.0 21.4 20.1-22.8 1-1 Ro me 1566 26.1 23.6-28.9 27.4 23.4-31.8 24.9 21.8-28.2 25.5 22.8-28.4 NA NA 24.0 20.4-28.0 31.3 27.0-35.9 23.2 18.1-29.3 1-2 Da lto n 1316 21.8 19.2-24.8 23.7 19.5-28.5 19.9 16.8-23.3 22.1 19.3-25.2 NA NA 20.6 16.8-24.9 26.7 22.4-31.5 14.4 10.0-20.3 2 Gainesville 2214 22.4 19.9-25.1 24.4 20.2-29.1 20.3 17.8-23.2 21.1 18.9-23.6 NA NA 21.0 17.8-24.7 28.3 23.2-34.0 16.0 12.1-20.8 3-1 Cob b-Doug la s 1414 20.4 18.0-23.0 22.8 19.0-27.2 17.9 15.2-21.1 19.3 16.6-22.3 24.9 19.0-32.0 18.9 15.8-22.5 23.3 19.1-28.1 22.1 15.7-30.2 3-2 Fulto n 1320 20.3 17.7-23.2 17.8 13.8-22.5 22.8 19.5-26.5 13.4 10.2-17.3 29.7 25.2-34.7 18.5 15.1-22.4 24.8 20.0-30.2 17.5 12.1-24.8 3-3 Cla yto n 1185 26.0 22.3-30.0 23.5 17.4-30.9 28.4 24.6-32.5 21.5 16.9-26.9 28.8 24.8-33.1 25.5 20.4-31.2 28.7 23.6-34.4 22.3 14.8-32.2 3-4 Lawre nce ville 1371 19.5 17.2-22.0 20.9 17.5-24.7 18.0 15.1-21.3 19.1 16.4-22.0 24.7 19.0-31.5 16.2 13.4-19.4 26.0 21.8-30.7 24.5 17.8-32.6 3-5 De kalb 1338 21.2 18.4-24.2 20.0 15.6-25.3 22.3 19.1-25.8 15.4 12.3-19.1 27.9 23.3-33.0 19.9 16.2-24.2 21.1 17.1-25.7 28.7 21.4-37.4 4 Lag rang e 1398 24.9 22.2-27.8 24.5 20.2-29.3 25.2 22.0-28.7 23.4 20.5-26.7 33.3 26.1-41.4 23.8 20.0-28.1 28.5 24.1-33.4 20.7 15.0-27.9 5-1 Dub lin 2157 29.5 26.6-32.5 28.8 24.1-33.9 30.1 27.1-33.4 26.3 23.4-29.4 36.2 30.8-42.0 26.6 22.4-31.4 34.8 30.2-39.8 28.0 22.9-33.7 5-2 Maco n 1449 27.1 24.4-29.9 24.1 20.1-28.5 30.0 26.5-33.7 24.5 21.3-28.1 32.8 27.8-38.2 24.7 20.8-28.9 34.2 29.6-39.1 22.1 17.3-27.8 6 Augusta 2199 27.0 24.7-29.4 26.4 22.8-30.3 27.5 24.7-30.5 22.8 20.1-25.8 35.0 30.6-39.6 26.2 22.9-29.8 29.7 25.8-33.9 22.5 18.1-27.7 7 Columbus 1487 25.0 22.4-27.8 22.1 18.2-26.7 27.8 24.7-31.2 21.9 18.5-25.6 30.2 25.9-35.0 23.1 19.4-27.2 31.7 27.2-36.6 19.3 14.9-24.8 8-1 Valdo sta 1334 28.1 25.3-31.1 22.9 18.8-27.6 33.2 29.4-37.1 24.5 21.3-28.1 38.5 32.3-45.0 25.9 21.9-30.2 35.2 30.3-40.5 23.5 18.2-29.7 8-2 Alb any 2192 28.9 26.5-31.4 25.5 22.1-29.2 32.1 28.8-35.5 25.5 22.7-28.6 35.6 31.3-40.2 27.8 24.3-31.6 33.1 29.1-37.4 25.0 20.2-30.5 9-1 Sava nna h 3197 24.0 22.3-25.9 22.9 20.2-25.9 25.1 22.9-27.4 20.7 18.7-22.8 33.8 29.6-38.2 23.1 20.7-25.8 28.2 25.2-31.4 18.9 15.3-23.2 9-2 W a ycro ss 2195 29.7 27.2-32.3 31.2 27.3-35.3 28.1 25.1-31.3 27.8 25.1-30.6 35.2 29.0-42.0 27.9 24.4-31.8 33.7 29.7-37.8 27.5 22.2-33.7 10 Athe ns 1646 25.1 22.5-27.9 26.0 22.0-30.5 24.2 21.0-27.8 21.2 18.5-24.2 45.6 37.8-53.5 23.9 20.4-27.9 28.9 24.4-33.9 22.3 16.5-29.4 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 7 Cigarette Smoking Diabetes 25 Complications of diabetes include heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, 20 kidney disease, amputations, nerve problems, dental disease, and susceptibility to infections. 15 Obesity and physical inactivity are two of the most 10 important preventable risk factors for developing diabetes. Risk factors for complications due to 5 diabetes include glucose levels outside of the normal range, high blood pressure, high blood 0 cholesterol, smoking, poor diet and lack of physical activity. Management of diabetes involves controlling blood glucose levels through diet and 25 insulin regulation, monitoring blood glucose levels, and regular foot and eye exams by health care 20 professionals. 15 Percent Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Sex, Georgia 2005 8.8 7.9 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 Percent Adults with Diabetes, Georgia 2005: 8.3% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 2.5% 10 5 7.3 0 White 10.9 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 6.4 Other An estimated 530,000 Georgians have diabetes. The prevalence increases with age. The prevalence 25 of diabetes in Georgia among adults 65 years and 20 older is more than 11 times higher than adults 18- 34 years old. As annual household income 15 Percent increases, the prevalence of diabetes decreases. Adults with less than a high school education are 10 almost 3 times as likely to have diabetes as college graduates. 5 Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Age, Georgia 2005 1.8 0 18-34 6.8 35-44 7.6 45-54 Age 17.0 55-64 20.7 65+ Percent Percent Percent 8 Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 17.7 10.3 8.6 8.3 7.3 3.7 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 15.3 7.0 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 9.8 Some College Level of Education 5.7 College Graduate Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 8.8 5.9 0 Health Insurance No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adults with Diabetes by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2005 D IS T R ICT N GE OR GIA 32426 1-1 R ome 1637 1-2 D alto n 1374 2 Gainesville 2302 3-1 Co bb -D oug la s 1474 3-2 Fulton 1388 3-3 Clayton 1255 3-4 La wre nce ville 1442 3-5 D eka lb 1404 4 La g ra ng e 1467 5-1 D ublin 2273 5-2 Ma co n 1524 6 Aug usta 2295 7 Columbus 1549 8-1 Va ld o sta 1392 8-2 Alba ny 2299 9-1 Sa va nna h 3342 9-2 W a ycro ss 2280 10 Athe ns 1729 T o ta l % 95% CI 7.4 7.0-7.7 9.1 7.6-10.9 6.7 5.3-8.4 6.1 5.1-7.3 5.4 4.2-6.9 4.8 3.7-6.3 5.8 4.4-7.5 5.4 4.3-6.8 4.9 3.8-6.3 7.3 5.9-8.9 9.5 8.2-11.1 8.7 7.3-10.3 8.3 7.1-9.7 7.7 6.4-9.3 9.6 7.9-11.7 9.0 7.7-10.5 7.6 6.6-8.6 9.0 7.6-10.6 6.8 5.6-8.3 Sex Ma le Fe ma le % 95% CI % 95% CI 7.2 6.7-7.8 7.5 7.1-8.0 11.1 8.6-14.3 7.1 5.6-9.1 8.0 5.6-11.1 5.4 4.1-7.1 6.4 4.9-8.4 5.8 4.5-7.3 5.9 4.2-8.2 4.9 3.5-7.0 4.3 2.8-6.6 5.3 3.8-7.4 5.3 3.5-8.1 6.2 4.4-8.7 5.3 3.8-7.4 5.6 4.1-7.6 5.2 3.6-7.6 4.7 3.4-6.4 7.4 5.3-10.3 7.2 5.7-9.1 9.5 7.5-12.0 9.6 7.9-11.6 7.5 5.5-10.1 9.7 7.9-11.9 8.0 6.1-10.5 8.5 7.1-10.3 7.0 5.0-9.6 8.5 6.8-10.5 8.6 6.4-11.5 10.6 8.1-13.8 6.9 5.3-9.1 10.9 8.9-13.1 7.0 5.6-8.7 8.1 6.9-9.5 8.6 6.6-11.2 9.4 7.5-11.6 6.7 4.9-9.2 7.0 5.5-8.8 R a ce W hite Bla ck 18-44 % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 6.6 6.2-7.0 9.6 8.8-10.5 2.5 2.2-2.9 8.8 7.2-10.7 13.4 8.0-21.6 3.5 2.1-5.7 6.8 5.3-8.7 NA N A 1.9 0.8-4.2 5.7 4.7-7.0 13.8 7.7-23.6 1.1 0.5-2.3 4.9 3.7-6.5 6.4 3.7-10.9 2.7 1.6-4.4 3.0 1.9-4.9 7.5 5.4-10.4 2.3 1.3-4.0 5.3 3.5-7.9 6.4 4.4-9.4 1.9 0.9-3.7 5.9 4.5-7.5 4.8 2.6-8.7 2.2 1.4-3.7 3.5 2.4-5.0 5.6 3.9-7.9 1.8 1.0-3.2 6.2 4.7-8.0 10.8 7.5-15.3 2.6 1.6-4.0 7.7 6.4-9.3 14.2 10.9-18.3 2.9 1.8-4.4 7.9 6.2-10.0 10.8 8.4-13.9 3.2 2.0-5.1 7.7 6.2-9.5 9.5 7.2-12.3 3.1 2.0-4.9 7.0 5.4-9.1 9.7 7.3-12.8 2.7 1.6-4.6 8.6 6.9-10.8 12.9 8.7-18.6 3.2 1.6-6.1 6.6 5.3-8.1 12.9 10.3-16.0 3.7 2.6-5.1 7.0 5.9-8.3 9.9 7.8-12.6 2.1 1.4-3.2 7.1 5.7-8.6 15.1 10.9-20.6 3.0 1.8-4.9 5.4 4.2-6.9 13.4 9.2-19.1 3.3 2.2-5.0 Age 45-64 65+ % 95% CI % 95% CI 11.4 10.6-12.1 18.4 17.1-19.7 14.0 10.9-17.7 20.5 15.7-26.3 11.5 8.5-15.2 17.5 12.6-24.0 11.3 8.9-14.2 14.0 10.5-18.4 8.5 6.1-11.8 14.3 9.3-21.3 8.5 5.8-12.1 10.1 6.3-15.8 11.7 8.3-16.4 18.0 11.6-26.9 8.8 6.4-12.0 17.8 12.2-25.2 7.3 5.0-10.5 19.5 13.4-27.5 10.7 8.0-14.3 19.2 13.8-26.0 14.2 11.5-17.5 21.5 17.1-26.6 12.2 9.4-15.6 21.5 16.9-27.0 11.6 9.3-14.3 21.3 16.8-26.8 11.1 8.5-14.4 20.9 16.1-26.8 17.1 13.5-21.4 20.9 15.4-27.7 14.7 11.7-18.3 16.0 12.4-20.3 12.9 10.7-15.5 20.0 16.5-24.2 14.9 11.9-18.4 19.4 15.1-24.6 9.4 7.0-12.4 17.8 12.7-24.3 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 9 Asthma Asthma is a disease of the lungs that causes breathing problems or "asthma attacks" and results in more than 47,000 emergency room visits and more than 11,000 hospitalizations in Georgia in 2004. The airways of people with asthma tighten abnormally in response to smoke, pollen, dust, air pollution, infection, irritants, allergens, or exercise, leading to difficulty in breathing. While asthma is not often fatal, loss of productivity, high medical costs, and disability are common outcomes for asthma sufferers. Smoking, genetic factors, allergies and some medications can be risk factors for developing asthma and asthma symptoms. Asthma can be effectively controlled by recognizing and avoiding asthma triggers, appropriate management of medication, monitoring lung function, and giving patients tools and education about managing their own care. Adults with Asthma, Georgia 2005: 7.3% More than 470,000 Georgians have asthma. The prevalence is significantly more common among females. Adults with incomes less than $15,000 are almost twice as likely to have asthma than any other income level. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Sex, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 5.5 9.1 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 7.6 0 White 7.1 Black Race/Ethnicity 4.2 Hispanic 7.2 Other Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Age, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 8.9 7.3 6.5 7.0 7.4 7.3 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Percent Percent 10 Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 15.4 8.0 8.7 6.8 5.1 5.0 0 Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000 Annual Household Income Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 8.4 6.7 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 7.8 Some College Level of Education Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 25 7.2 College Graduate 20 15 10 5 7.5 6.4 0 Health Insurance No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adults with Asthma by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens N 32317 1633 1367 2297 1472 1382 1251 1439 1401 1463 2263 1518 2279 1549 1394 2288 3333 2270 1718 Total % 95% CI 7.1 6.7-7.5 8.4 6.9-10.2 8.2 6.4-10.3 6.5 5.3-8.1 7.0 5.6-8.7 7.1 5.5-9.2 7.6 5.6-10.2 5.3 4.0-6.9 7.9 6.3-9.8 6.9 5.3-8.9 6.4 5.3-7.9 7.6 6.1-9.3 6.8 5.7-8.2 6.6 5.3-8.2 6.7 5.4-8.3 7.9 6.5-9.6 6.5 5.6-7.6 7.6 6.4-9.0 6.5 5.2-8.2 Sex Race Male Female White Black % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 5.2 4.7-5.9 8.9 8.3-9.4 6.9 6.5-7.4 7.7 6.8-8.7 6.2 4.2-9.0 10.5 8.4-13.0 8.8 7.2-10.8 2.9 0.9-9.1 6.3 4.0-9.8 10.1 7.7-13.0 8.3 6.4-10.6 NA NA 5.8 3.9-8.6 7.3 5.8-9.0 6.3 5.0-7.8 9.3 4.1-19.7 5.7 3.9-8.3 8.3 6.4-10.6 7.0 5.4-9.0 7.0 4.2-11.6 5.7 3.4-9.3 8.4 6.4-11.0 4.9 3.3-7.2 10.4 7.3-14.5 6.2 3.4-11.0 8.9 6.5-12.1 7.7 4.9-12.0 8.0 5.2-12.1 4.5 2.9-7.0 6.0 4.3-8.3 5.0 3.6-7.0 6.7 3.6-12.2 5.8 3.7-9.2 9.8 7.7-12.3 8.3 6.1-11.1 7.4 5.2-10.4 5.8 3.8-8.7 7.9 5.7-10.9 6.2 4.7-8.2 8.2 4.1-15.8 4.5 3.0-6.6 8.3 6.6-10.4 6.3 4.9-7.9 7.1 4.8-10.5 5.6 3.7-8.6 9.3 7.3-11.7 6.8 5.2-8.9 8.9 6.2-12.7 5.0 3.5-7.2 8.4 6.9-10.2 7.4 5.9-9.2 6.2 4.4-8.7 4.4 2.8-6.7 8.7 6.7-11.1 6.7 5.0-8.8 7.3 5.0-10.5 2.8 1.6-4.8 10.4 8.3-12.9 6.1 4.7-7.9 8.4 5.7-12.2 4.0 2.7-5.9 11.5 9.2-14.2 7.6 6.1-9.6 8.4 5.9-12.0 3.9 2.8-5.5 9.0 7.6-10.6 7.0 5.8-8.4 4.4 3.2-6.2 6.4 4.6-8.8 8.8 7.2-10.7 7.2 5.9-8.8 7.9 5.0-12.2 3.4 2.1-5.6 9.4 7.3-12.1 6.8 5.2-8.9 6.8 4.0-11.1 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 18-44 % 95% CI 7.2 6.7-7.9 8.1 6.0-10.9 8.6 6.0-12.1 6.0 4.1-8.6 7.0 5.2-9.4 7.8 5.5-10.9 8.3 5.6-12.2 6.0 4.2-8.4 7.2 5.2-9.8 8.9 6.3-12.3 6.6 4.8-9.0 8.2 6.0-11.1 6.7 5.1-8.7 7.1 5.2-9.7 6.0 4.3-8.1 6.3 4.5-8.6 6.7 5.4-8.4 7.6 5.9-9.9 5.8 4.2-7.9 Age 45-64 % 95% CI 7.2 6.6-7.8 8.7 6.4-11.6 7.9 5.6-10.9 7.5 5.6-9.9 7.3 5.1-10.2 7.1 4.8-10.3 6.9 4.6-10.3 3.5 2.3-5.4 8.2 5.7-11.7 4.7 3.2-6.9 6.3 4.6-8.6 6.9 4.8-9.8 7.4 5.6-9.9 6.8 4.8-9.6 8.0 5.7-11.2 8.9 6.6-12.0 6.3 4.9-8.0 8.7 6.7-11.2 8.4 5.6-12.5 65+ % 95% CI 6.5 5.7-7.3 9.3 6.1-13.8 6.9 4.4-10.9 6.0 3.9-9.1 6.2 3.2-11.7 3.7 1.7-7.6 5.0 2.1-11.5 6.7 3.1-13.8 10.3 5.9-17.3 3.8 2.1-6.6 6.3 4.3-9.2 6.9 4.5-10.4 6.4 4.4-9.3 3.2 1.8-5.7 7.3 4.5-11.6 11.6 7.8-16.8 6.3 4.4-8.9 5.3 3.5-8.0 5.9 3.4-9.9 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 11 Arthritis Arthritis causes pain, aching, stiffness, or swelling in or around the joints, and is the leading cause of disability in the United States. Persons living with arthritis may become limited in their activities, which can lead to high medical costs and indirect costs, such as lost wages. Disability and poor quality of life due to arthritis can be prevented or reduced with proper diagnosis and disease management. Adults with Arthritis, Georgia 2005: 25.8% Women, adults with less than a high school education and adults that earn less than $15,000 annually are significantly more likely to have arthritis. As adults get older, the prevalence of arthritis increases. Adults ages 55 and older are approximately 12 times more likely to have arthritis than adults ages 18-24. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults with Arthritis, by Sex, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 22.3 0 29.1 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults with Arthritis, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 27.4 0 White 25.3 Black Race/Ethnicity 11.3 Hispanic 18.4 Other Percent of Adults with Arthritis, by Age, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 3.8 0 18-24 7.1 25-34 21.4 35-44 Age 32.5 45-54 45.6 55-64 56.5 65+ Percent Percent Percent 12 Percent of Adults with Arthritis, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 45.6 30.2 26.2 23.5 22.0 17.7 0 Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000 Annual Household Income Percent of Adults with Arthritis, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 39.7 24.0 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 28.1 Some College Level of Education 20.0 College Graduate Percent of Adults with Arthritis, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 27.1 18.9 0 Health Insurance No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adults with Arthritis by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts 2003 & 2005 DISTRICT N GEORGIA 13550 1-1 Rome 613 1-2 Dalton 520 2 Gainesville 1205 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 520 3-2 Fulton 502 3-3 Clayton 442 3-4 Lawrenceville 547 3-5 Dekalb 475 4 Lagrange 510 5-1 Dublin 1122 5-2 Macon 518 6 Augusta 1135 7 Columbus 596 8-1 Valdosta 531 8-2 Albany 1120 9-1 Savannah 1087 9-2 Waycross 1075 10 Athens 1032 Total % 26.2 28.2 26.9 28.8 20.7 19.3 18.5 22.9 16.7 27.0 32.6 28.9 29.1 26.7 26.7 29.6 24.6 29.2 25.3 95% CI 25.3-27.2 24.1-32.7 22.5-31.8 25.9-31.9 17.0-25.1 15.0-24.6 14.4-23.4 19.1-27.1 13.3-20.7 22.7-31.8 28.9-36.6 24.6-33.6 26.2-32.2 22.6-31.2 22.5-31.4 26.3-33.3 21.5-27.9 25.9-32.7 22.3-28.6 Sex Male Female % 95% CI % 95% CI 22.7 21.2-24.3 29.6 28.3-30.8 21.6 15.9-28.7 34.5 29.3-40.1 22.1 15.6-30.3 31.7 26.3-37.5 26.0 21.7-30.8 31.6 27.8-35.6 18.0 12.7-24.9 23.4 18.5-29.2 20.7 13.6-30.2 18.0 13.6-23.4 10.9 6.2-18.2 25.5 20.0-31.9 17.8 12.9-24.0 28.0 22.8-34.0 13.4 8.5-20.3 19.8 15.5-24.8 25.3 18.4-33.7 28.6 23.5-34.2 27.4 21.9-33.6 37.8 33.5-42.4 25.6 19.0-33.6 31.9 26.7-37.6 26.6 22.1-31.6 31.4 27.7-35.3 24.1 17.8-31.7 29.1 24.3-34.5 19.8 13.8-27.5 33.4 28.1-39.2 27.7 22.0-34.2 31.4 27.8-35.3 22.6 17.9-28.2 26.4 22.8-30.4 25.5 20.9-30.7 32.9 28.6-37.6 22.4 17.7-27.9 28.0 24.3-31.9 Race White Black % 95% CI % 95% CI 28.6 27.4-29.8 23.5 21.5-25.6 30.2 25.8-35.0 15.0 6.7-30.3 29.0 24.3-34.2 NA NA 29.9 26.8-33.2 NA NA 23.4 18.8-28.7 11.8 6.2-21.1 16.5 11.9-22.4 24.1 16.5-33.9 27.5 19.4-37.5 14.8 10.7-20.1 26.3 21.6-31.5 18.4 10.5-30.1 21.7 16.2-28.5 15.2 10.7-21.1 26.0 21.0-31.7 29.7 20.5-40.9 34.3 30.3-38.5 32.8 26.3-40.1 33.3 27.4-39.8 22.9 16.9-30.3 32.6 28.8-36.7 23.3 18.9-28.4 28.2 22.4-34.8 28.2 21.9-35.6 28.9 23.6-34.9 24.5 17.4-33.2 29.5 25.6-33.7 29.8 23.6-36.9 26.0 22.5-29.9 25.7 18.9-34.0 29.7 26.2-33.4 28.6 19.6-39.7 24.8 21.5-28.5 28.4 20.7-37.5 Age 18-44 45-64 65+ % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 11.8 10.7-13.1 38.6 36.9-40.4 58.2 55.7-60.6 13.9 9.5-20.0 42.3 35.2-49.8 58.2 48.5-67.2 14.2 9.1-21.4 41.6 34.3-49.3 52.2 41.1-63.2 12.3 9.4-16.1 44.7 39.4-50.1 60.8 54.7-66.6 9.6 5.9-15.4 34.9 27.6-42.9 56.8 44.6-68.3 13.3 8.0-21.4 25.6 18.9-33.8 43.3 31.4-55.9 10.0 6.2-15.7 36.3 27.5-46.0 34.7 21.6-50.7 13.1 9.1-18.6 35.0 27.9-42.8 64.0 51.3-74.9 8.4 5.1-13.4 29.1 21.9-37.6 43.0 29.6-57.5 13.4 8.5-20.5 41.0 33.1-49.4 55.2 43.5-66.4 15.3 11.5-20.3 46.3 40.1-52.6 67.4 60.4-73.7 13.4 8.5-20.4 40.6 33.1-48.5 64.3 54.4-73.1 12.6 9.7-16.4 43.4 38.2-48.7 68.7 61.7-74.9 11.2 7.0-17.4 43.1 35.5-51.1 62.7 52.3-72.0 14.6 9.8-21.3 38.7 31.0-47.0 57.0 47.4-66.1 15.5 11.1-21.3 42.1 36.3-48.2 58.6 51.0-65.7 14.0 10.4-18.7 36.6 31.1-42.5 50.0 41.7-58.3 13.2 9.4-18.3 45.2 39.7-50.8 65.4 58.3-71.9 13.0 9.6-17.5 38.2 32.8-43.8 59.6 50.5-68.2 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 13 Specific Source of CarHe igh Blood Pressure High blood pressure increases the risk for heart disease and stroke. It is easily detected and can be controlled by life-style modification like engaging in physical activity, losing weight, and reducing dietary salt intake, with or without medication. The Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure recommends that adults have their blood pressure checked at least every 2 years. Adults with High Blood Pressure, Georgia 2005: 26.9 % Healthy People 2010 Objective: 16% The prevalence of high blood pressure is higher among blacks and is related to age and income. As age increases, the prevalence of high blood pressure increases. As level of education or annual household income increases, the prevalence of high blood pressure decreases. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure, by Sex, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 27.0 0 Male 26.8 Female Sex Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 26.3 0 White 32.6 Black Race/Ethnicity 11.1 Hispanic 15.5 Other Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure, by Age, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 4.6 0 18-24 7.8 25-34 21.7 35-44 32.5 45-54 Age 47.5 55-64 61.6 65+ Percent Percent Percent 14 Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 44.2 30.7 27.7 24.0 24.3 18.8 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 42.0 27.6 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 26.2 Some College Level of Education 20.2 College Graduate Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 28.3 20.2 0 Health Insurance No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adults with High Blood Pressure by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2001, 2003 & 2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens N 18128 880 748 1438 762 730 676 788 693 771 1360 773 1371 851 746 1367 1571 1344 1259 Total % 95% CI 27.3 26.4-28.1 28.8 25.3-32.5 25.8 22.2-29.7 23.4 20.9-26.1 20.3 17.3-23.6 21.6 18.1-25.6 26.8 22.5-31.5 22.5 19.4-26.0 22.2 18.8-26.1 27.4 23.8-31.2 33.3 29.9-37.0 30.9 27.3-34.7 27.4 24.5-30.5 32.6 28.6-36.7 32.6 28.6-36.9 30.7 27.4-34.2 23.5 21.2-25.9 29.5 26.5-32.8 25.8 22.9-28.9 Sex Male Female % 95% CI % 95% CI 26.8 25.4-28.2 27.7 26.7-28.8 29.8 24.2-36.2 27.8 23.8-32.1 25.8 20.2-32.4 25.7 21.7-30.2 21.8 18.2-25.9 25.0 21.6-28.6 20.7 16.0-26.3 19.9 16.3-24.0 22.5 17.1-29.1 20.8 16.6-25.6 26.9 19.6-35.7 26.6 22.4-31.4 21.7 17.1-27.2 23.2 19.2-27.8 21.1 15.9-27.4 23.2 19.0-28.1 28.0 22.3-34.5 26.8 22.7-31.3 31.9 26.5-37.9 34.7 30.6-39.0 29.1 23.5-35.4 32.5 28.1-37.2 25.0 20.7-29.9 29.5 25.8-33.6 33.9 27.5-41.0 31.3 27.1-35.8 33.9 27.5-41.0 31.3 26.7-36.4 32.4 27.2-38.2 29.2 25.2-33.5 19.7 16.5-23.3 27.1 24.0-30.5 30.5 25.7-35.6 28.6 24.8-32.7 26.6 22.0-31.8 25.0 21.5-28.9 Race White Black % 95% CI % 95% CI 26.7 25.7-27.7 31.5 29.7-33.4 28.4 24.8-32.3 NA NA 26.8 23.0-30.9 NA NA 23.8 21.1-26.7 NA NA 21.8 18.2-25.8 14.4 9.2-22.0 19.0 14.3-24.7 26.5 20.8-33.2 26.9 20.9-33.9 28.6 23.1-34.8 24.6 20.8-28.9 25.0 17.6-34.3 19.0 14.6-24.4 26.7 21.3-33.0 26.4 22.4-31.0 33.7 25.6-42.9 30.5 26.7-34.5 43.9 36.8-51.2 30.1 25.6-35.0 33.8 27.3-40.8 25.5 22.0-29.3 31.5 26.0-37.5 30.5 25.4-36.2 37.9 31.5-44.7 30.5 26.0-35.5 38.2 29.8-47.4 28.2 24.5-32.1 35.0 29.0-41.5 23.0 20.3-25.9 30.7 25.3-36.8 28.3 25.0-31.8 33.1 25.4-41.8 22.8 19.7-26.3 40.4 32.1-49.3 18-44 % 95% CI 13.0 12.0-14.1 14.4 10.6-19.5 10.6 7.0-15.7 11.0 8.4-14.3 10.8 7.7-14.9 12.8 8.8-18.1 14.4 10.1-19.9 11.9 8.7-16.1 10.4 7.1-14.9 15.9 11.7-21.2 16.5 12.7-21.2 14.1 10.2-19.1 12.6 9.5-16.5 18.1 13.2-24.3 16.6 12.2-22.1 18.0 13.6-23.4 9.8 7.7-12.4 17.8 14.0-22.4 11.9 8.9-15.8 Age 45-64 % 95% CI 39.0 37.5-40.6 40.2 34.1-46.5 42.7 36.4-49.2 33.4 28.6-38.6 30.6 24.8-37.1 32.2 25.7-39.4 49.9 41.7-58.1 35.8 29.5-42.7 40.5 33.3-48.1 37.0 30.6-43.9 47.4 41.1-53.7 46.6 40.1-53.1 41.8 36.4-47.4 47.0 40.4-53.7 50.1 42.9-57.3 36.2 31.1-41.6 36.1 31.5-41.0 39.1 34.0-44.4 41.7 35.6-48.0 65+ % 95% CI 58.7 56.5-60.9 61.9 52.8-70.2 57.4 47.7-66.6 51.8 44.6-58.9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 55.0 45.3-64.3 63.4 55.9-70.2 59.3 50.2-67.8 58.8 50.5-66.5 62.3 52.5-71.2 65.8 56.4-74.1 64.9 56.9-72.1 59.8 52.7-66.5 57.7 49.8-65.3 60.1 51.1-68.5 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 15 Coronary Heart Disease 16 Coronary heart disease is a broad term that refers collectively to both diseases of the coronary arteries and the resulting complications such as a heart attack. Risk factors include high blood cholesterol levels, smoking, high blood pressure, lack of physical activity and obesity. Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, Georgia 2005: 3.7% An estimated 240,000 Georgians have coronary heart disease. The prevalence is higher among men and whites and increases with age. It is also highest among adults with less than a high school education and adults with a household income of less than $15,000 annually. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, by Sex, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 4.2 3.1 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 4.5 0 White 2.6 Black Race/Ethnicity 0.5 Hispanic 1.8 Other Percent of Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, by Age, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 0.0 0 18-24 0.8 25-34 2.0 35-44 Age 3.5 45-54 6.0 55-64 12.4 65+ Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 8.4 3.4 3.7 3.2 2.8 2.6 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 5.0 3.6 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 3.3 Some College Level of Education 3.5 College Graduate Percent of Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 4.0 0 Health Insurance 2.0 No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adults with Coronary Heart Disease, by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000, 2003 & 2005 Tota l N% GEORGIA 17247 3.8 1-1 Rome 844 4.3 1-2 Dalton 719 5.8 2 Gainesville 1355 3.7 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 706 2.6 3-2 Fulton 681 2.7 3-3 Clayton 609 3.5 3-4 Lawrenceville 708 3.4 3-5 Dekalb 726 0.9 4 Lagrange 705 2.9 5-1 Dublin 1324 4.6 5-2 Macon 759 4.3 6 Augusta 1350 3.0 7 Columbus 803 6.1 8-1 Valdosta 722 5.4 8-2 Albany 1285 3.4 9-1 Savannah 1500 4.1 9-2 W aycross 1242 4.0 10 Athens 1209 3.8 95% CI 3.5-4.2 3.1-6.0 4.3-8.0 2.6-5.2 1.7-4.0 1.7-4.2 2.2-5.4 2.3-5.1 0.5-1.7 1.9-4.5 3.5-5.9 3.0-6.1 2.2-4.2 4.0-9.3 3.6-8.1 2.4-4.7 3.0-5.6 2.9-5.6 2.6-5.4 Sex Male Female % 95% CI % 95% CI 4.4 3.9-5.0 3.3 2.9-3.7 5.5 3.5-8.4 3.3 2.0-5.3 7.2 4.7-10.9 4.5 2.9-7.1 2.6 1.6-4.1 4.7 2.9-7.6 2.9 1.6-5.2 2.4 1.3-4.5 3.0 1.7-5.3 2.3 1.1-4.8 5.0 2.7-9.1 2.1 1.2-3.5 4.2 2.4-7.2 2.7 1.5-4.7 0.9 0.3-2.6 0.9 0.4-1.9 3.8 2.1-6.5 2.2 1.2-4.1 5.2 3.5-7.6 4.0 2.9-5.4 5.0 2.9-8.5 3.7 2.4-5.6 2.7 1.6-4.4 3.3 2.1-5.1 8.2 4.5-14.4 4.1 2.5-6.8 7.1 4.0-12.4 3.8 2.2-6.4 3.5 2.0-6.0 3.3 2.3-4.8 4.9 3.1-7.6 3.3 2.3-4.9 4.5 2.7-7.2 3.5 2.3-5.5 4.0 2.4-6.7 3.5 2.1-5.9 Ra ce W hite Bla ck % 95% CI % 95% CI 4.5 4.1-5.0 2.5 1.9-3.1 4.5 3.2-6.4 2.2 0.8-6.2 6.4 4.7-8.8 NA NA 3.9 2.7-5.6 NA NA 2.7 1.6-4.3 2.6 0.9-7.4 3.5 2.0-5.9 2.3 1.0-5.2 4.8 2.6-8.6 1.8 0.8-4.0 3.6 2.2-5.6 2.9 0.9-8.7 1.3 0.5-3.3 0.6 0.2-1.5 2.6 1.6-4.3 3.9 1.5-9.5 5.1 3.9-6.7 1.9 0.9-3.9 5.6 3.7-8.4 2.3 1.1-4.8 3.5 2.3-5.2 1.3 0.7-2.4 9.2 5.6-14.8 2.9 1.3-6.3 7.0 4.5-10.8 2.0 0.6-6.5 3.8 2.6-5.6 2.3 1.2-4.3 4.7 3.4-6.5 3.8 1.7-8.2 4.4 3.1-6.4 1.8 0.7-5.1 4.1 2.7-6.2 2.6 0.9-7.1 18-44 % 95% CI 1.0 0.7-1.3 1.3 0.5-3.5 0.9 0.3-3.0 2.0 0.8-4.9 0.2 0.0-1.4 0.7 0.2-2.9 0.3 0.1-1.1 0.8 0.2-2.6 0.1 0.0-0.6 1.2 0.4-3.1 0.8 0.3-1.8 1.5 0.5-4.4 0.3 0.1-1.5 4.1 1.7-9.5 1.9 0.5-7.1 0.5 0.2-1.6 1.0 0.4-2.4 1.0 0.3-3.0 1.0 0.3-3.2 Age 45-64 % 95% CI 4.9 4.3-5.6 6.4 3.9-10.3 8.6 5.3-13.6 2.9 1.6-5.2 3.9 1.9-7.6 4.2 2.3-7.4 5.5 2.8-10.6 4.1 2.0-8.1 0.7 0.2-2.3 4.2 2.2-7.9 7.6 5.2-10.9 3.3 1.6-6.5 5.0 3.0-8.0 8.5 4.8-14.9 8.0 4.6-13.7 6.4 4.0-10.2 6.4 3.9-10.2 5.3 3.2-8.7 4.5 2.6-7.7 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 65+ % 95% CI 13.0 11.6-14.7 12.1 7.9-18.0 23.9 16.3-33.6 12.2 8.2-17.6 15.0 8.4-25.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA 7.5 3.4-15.9 8.0 4.1-15.1 12.5 8.9-17.2 18.2 12.3-26.0 10.1 6.5-15.5 9.9 5.8-16.5 14.8 8.8-23.9 7.8 5.1-11.8 14.0 9.2-20.6 13.5 8.6-20.7 15.8 9.7-24.7 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 17 Cigarette Smoking 18 Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Over 40% of all tobacco-related deaths in Georgia are from cancer. An estimated 79% of lung cancer deaths in Georgia result from smoking. Smoking is also associated with illness and death related to heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and fire. For those who smoke, quitting is always beneficial. At every age group, smokers who quit live longer than those who continue smoking. Policy changes to prevent the initiation of smoking among youth and to reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are also important for reducing the burden of tobacco-related death and disease in Georgia. Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, Georgia 2005: 22.1% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 12% The prevalence of cigarette smoking is significantly more common in men and adults with no health insurance. Adults with less than a high school education are also more likely to smoke cigarettes. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Sex, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 25.1 0 1 19.3 2 Sex Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 24.3 0 White 19.6 Black Race/Ethnicity Hispanic 16.0 Other Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Age, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 29.4 24.4 23.1 24.9 18.8 9.1 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 30.6 30.8 27.8 24.6 16.6 14.6 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 33.7 0 27.2 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 23.2 Some College Level of Education Completed Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 50 11.2 College Graduate 40 30 20 10 18.2 41.9 0 Health Insurance No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens N 32327 1631 1368 2296 1468 1390 1251 1439 1395 1461 2270 1515 2292 1545 1387 2294 3326 2273 1726 Total Sex Race Age Male Female White Black 18-44 45-64 65+ % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 22.5 21.9-23.2 25.3 24.2-26.3 19.9 19.2-20.7 23.9 23.2-24.7 19.6 18.3-20.9 24.7 23.8-25.7 23.9 22.9-24.9 10.8 9.8-11.8 29.2 26.4-32.0 34.9 30.3-39.7 23.8 20.9-27.0 29.1 26.3-32.2 NA NA 32.7 28.6-37.2 28.4 24.3-32.9 16.9 12.2-22.8 28.2 25.2-31.4 29.1 24.4-34.3 27.3 23.7-31.2 27.4 24.4-30.7 NA NA 32.3 27.8-37.3 26.0 21.9-30.6 14.0 9.9-19.3 23.7 21.4-26.2 24.5 20.9-28.6 23.0 20.2-26.0 23.5 21.1-26.2 NA NA 28.1 24.4-32.0 22.3 19.0-26.1 11.0 8.0-14.8 17.5 15.2-20.1 19.3 15.5-23.7 15.9 13.3-18.9 19.4 16.5-22.6 13.9 9.7-19.4 18.1 15.0-21.7 19.5 15.7-24.1 7.4 4.3-12.5 17.4 15.1-20.0 20.4 16.6-24.9 14.5 12.0-17.5 16.4 13.3-20.1 19.2 15.5-23.6 18.4 15.3-22.0 18.2 14.4-22.8 8.7 4.2-17.2 25.9 22.1-30.1 28.1 21.5-35.8 23.9 20.3-28.0 36.0 29.9-42.5 17.2 13.8-21.2 25.7 20.5-31.8 29.7 24.4-35.6 15.3 9.4-24.0 21.8 19.2-24.6 24.4 20.5-28.8 19.1 15.9-22.8 21.8 18.8-25.1 24.5 17.9-32.7 23.2 19.7-27.2 22.1 18.1-26.6 9.6 5.6-16.0 18.2 15.7-21.0 21.3 17.0-26.4 15.4 13.0-18.3 19.2 15.6-23.5 18.3 14.6-22.8 19.2 15.7-23.2 19.3 15.5-23.8 9.1 5.2-15.3 21.9 19.5-24.6 23.9 19.9-28.4 20.0 17.3-23.2 23.8 21.0-27.0 13.8 9.8-19.1 24.3 20.6-28.4 22.6 18.8-26.8 10.8 7.1-16.0 21.3 19.2-23.7 24.4 20.9-28.4 18.4 15.9-21.1 23.4 20.8-26.2 15.3 11.8-19.6 24.8 21.5-28.4 21.4 17.8-25.6 9.9 7.0-13.7 25.4 22.7-28.3 27.8 23.4-32.7 23.2 20.2-26.5 26.7 23.3-30.4 22.8 18.3-28.0 28.8 24.6-33.3 27.3 23.2-31.9 9.9 6.9-14.2 23.4 21.2-25.7 25.0 21.5-28.9 21.9 19.4-24.7 24.7 21.9-27.7 20.4 16.9-24.5 23.9 20.8-27.3 26.6 22.9-30.6 13.2 9.7-17.6 22.8 20.2-25.6 25.2 21.0-29.9 20.6 17.7-23.8 24.5 20.9-28.4 19.9 16.1-24.3 25.2 21.4-29.5 23.2 19.2-27.9 12.8 8.8-18.3 25.3 22.5-28.3 30.1 25.5-35.0 20.8 17.7-24.3 28.2 24.8-31.9 17.5 13.1-23.1 29.4 25.3-33.9 23.5 19.2-28.3 12.3 7.8-18.9 23.8 21.5-26.3 27.6 23.8-31.7 20.5 17.7-23.6 27.7 24.4-31.1 16.8 13.8-20.3 23.7 20.4-27.5 30.3 26.1-34.8 11.7 8.1-16.6 24.9 23.1-26.8 28.2 25.2-31.3 21.8 19.8-24.1 27.2 25.0-29.5 19.3 15.8-23.4 28.3 25.6-31.1 26.3 23.3-29.4 8.1 5.9-10.9 26.4 24.1-28.9 30.8 27.0-34.8 22.2 19.5-25.2 27.1 24.4-29.9 23.3 18.1-29.5 30.0 26.5-33.8 28.8 24.9-33.0 8.1 5.5-11.8 23.4 20.8-26.1 25.6 21.6-30.1 21.3 18.3-24.5 22.5 19.7-25.6 26.3 19.9-33.8 25.5 21.9-29.4 24.8 20.6-29.4 9.9 6.4-14.8 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 19 Physical Inactivity Physical activity can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, colon cancer and osteoporosis. Regular physical activity also helps maintain healthy body weight, reduces the risk of falls and fractures, helps prevent back pain, reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression, and enhances quality of life. Benefits can be achieved through regular moderate-intensity activities like walking, housework, and gardening as well as through traditional exercise programs. Inactive individuals who become more physically active improve their health even if they do not reach the recommended level of 30 minutes of moderateintensity activity most, preferably all, days a week. Adults who are Physically Inactive during Leisure Time, Georgia 2005: 27.2% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 20% The prevalence of physical inactivity is significantly higher in women, blacks and those with no health insurance. As the age of adults increases or annual household income decreases, more adults become less physically active. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Sex, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 22.9 0 Male 31.2 Female Sex Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 25.1 0 White 31.4 Black Race/Ethnicity Hispanic 23.5 Other Percent of Adults Physically Inactive Adults, by Age, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 19.5 0 18-24 25.9 25-34 26.8 35-44 Age 24.5 45-54 33.0 55-64 36.3 65+ Percent Percent Percent 20 Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 60 50 40 30 20 10 50.1 36.9 32.9 25.6 20.3 13.3 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 44.7 0 31.7 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 25.2 Some College Level of Education Completed Percent of Physically Inactive Adults, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 50 16.4 College Graduate 40 30 20 10 25.8 33.6 0 Health Insurance No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Physically Inactive Adults by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens Total Sex Race Age Male Female White Black 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 32432 26.5 25.9-27.2 22.6 21.6-23.7 30.2 29.4-31.0 24.0 23.3-24.7 31.8 30.3-33.2 21.9 21.0-22.8 30.2 29.1-31.3 37.5 35.9-39.1 1638 29.4 26.8-32.1 27.3 23.3-31.7 31.3 28.2-34.6 28.4 25.8-31.2 NA NA 22.6 19.2-26.4 35.3 31.0-39.9 43.5 37.3-49.9 1374 26.5 23.6-29.5 23.0 18.7-27.9 29.9 26.3-33.8 26.0 23.0-29.1 NA NA 23.0 19.0-27.6 29.5 25.2-34.3 35.3 28.8-42.4 2304 25.3 23.0-27.7 19.5 16.5-23.0 30.9 27.9-34.1 25.1 22.7-27.6 NA NA 19.0 16.0-22.4 30.6 26.6-34.9 36.9 31.6-42.6 1476 18.0 15.8-20.5 15.3 12.0-19.4 20.6 17.8-23.7 16.2 13.7-19.0 23.8 18.1-30.5 14.1 11.4-17.4 21.8 17.8-26.4 32.8 25.8-40.8 1387 22.0 19.3-25.0 19.8 15.8-24.7 24.0 20.6-27.8 15.6 12.1-19.9 29.5 25.0-34.4 19.7 16.2-23.8 22.1 17.5-27.4 36.8 28.6-45.8 1255 25.5 22.4-28.9 21.4 16.6-27.2 29.2 25.5-33.0 25.0 20.0-30.9 24.5 20.8-28.5 21.0 17.1-25.6 31.8 26.5-37.5 38.7 29.9-48.4 1443 22.5 20.0-25.2 19.0 15.5-23.2 25.9 22.5-29.6 19.5 16.8-22.5 29.9 23.0-37.9 20.5 17.2-24.2 25.3 21.0-30.2 30.7 23.5-38.9 1403 22.5 19.8-25.4 19.4 15.3-24.3 25.3 22.1-28.9 15.0 12.2-18.3 27.4 23.1-32.1 20.0 16.5-24.0 25.5 21.1-30.5 32.4 25.0-40.7 1467 26.7 24.0-29.6 23.6 19.3-28.5 29.6 26.3-33.1 23.4 20.6-26.3 35.6 28.4-43.5 24.3 20.4-28.7 29.6 25.3-34.3 29.7 23.5-36.6 2273 31.9 29.3-34.5 27.6 23.8-31.8 35.9 32.8-39.1 30.6 27.8-33.6 35.1 30.0-40.6 26.9 23.4-30.8 35.8 31.5-40.4 39.7 34.5-45.2 1526 27.9 25.3-30.6 23.8 19.9-28.2 31.6 28.3-35.1 25.8 22.7-29.2 31.8 27.1-37.0 24.3 20.6-28.5 30.6 26.4-35.2 36.1 30.5-42.1 2296 30.6 28.3-33.0 24.8 21.4-28.5 35.8 32.8-39.0 27.3 24.5-30.3 34.7 30.5-39.2 25.6 22.5-29.0 35.2 31.2-39.4 38.9 33.4-44.6 1553 27.1 24.6-29.8 23.1 19.4-27.4 30.9 27.6-34.3 23.0 19.8-26.4 31.4 27.1-36.0 23.6 20.1-27.4 30.0 25.8-34.6 34.9 28.8-41.6 1390 31.9 29.0-34.9 26.9 22.6-31.7 36.5 32.9-40.3 29.7 26.4-33.2 38.2 32.1-44.7 26.6 22.8-30.9 37.1 32.2-42.3 42.8 36.1-49.8 2299 31.5 29.0-34.0 27.3 23.6-31.3 35.2 32.0-38.5 28.1 25.1-31.4 36.9 32.6-41.5 25.7 22.3-29.4 36.4 32.3-40.7 41.5 35.9-47.4 3336 25.3 23.5-27.1 20.1 17.6-22.8 30.2 27.8-32.6 21.7 19.8-23.7 32.9 28.9-37.2 21.0 18.7-23.5 29.9 26.7-33.2 34.3 29.9-39.1 2282 34.1 31.5-36.9 30.7 27.0-34.8 37.5 33.9-41.1 32.1 29.1-35.1 42.7 36.3-49.5 29.3 25.5-33.6 38.5 34.5-42.7 43.7 38.0-49.6 1730 27.8 25.2-30.5 22.9 19.3-27.0 32.3 28.8-36.0 26.6 23.6-29.7 35.5 28.8-42.7 23.1 19.8-26.7 31.9 27.2-37.0 41.0 33.8-48.5 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 21 Fruit & Vegetable Consumption 22 Fruits and vegetables are low in fat and are good sources of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. A diet high in fruits and vegetables may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancers of the colon, stomach, and prostate. Adults should eat two to four servings of fruits each day and three to five serving of vegetables, for a minimum of five servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Fruits and vegetables in the diet can also substitute for higher fat and calorie foods as part of a weight loss or maintenance program. Adults Eating Less Than Five Servings of Fruits and Vegetables per Day, Georgia 2005: 76.8% Men are significantly more likely than women to consume an inadequate amount of fruits and vegetables per day. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults who Consumed <5 Fruits and Vegetables Daily, by Sex, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 80.4 73.3 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults who Consumed <5 Fruits and Vegetables Daily, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 77.0 0 White 76.5 Black Race/Ethnicity Hispanic 78.1 Other Percent of Adults who Consumed <5 Fruits and Vegetables Daily, by Age, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 77.3 0 18-24 79.0 25-34 79.9 35-44 Age 74.3 45-54 76.5 55-64 71.4 65+ Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults who Consumed <5 Fruits and Vegetables Daily, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 80.1 81.5 76.3 77.5 75.3 74.9 0 Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000 Annual Household Income Percent of Adults who Consumed <5 Fruits and Vegetables Daily, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 83.7 0 79.7 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 75.2 Some College Level of Education Completed 72.1 College Graduate Percent of Adults who Consumed <5 Fruits and Vegetables Daily, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 75.8 0 Health Insurance 81.4 No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adults who Consumed <5 Daily Fruits and Vegetables by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000, 2002, 2003, & 2005 D IS T R ICT GE OR GIA 1-1 R o me 1-2 D a lto n 2 Gainesville 3-1 Co b b -D o ug la s 3-2 Fulto n 3-3 Cla yto n 3-4 La wre nce ville 3-5 D e ka lb 4 La g ra ng e 5-1 D ub lin 5-2 Ma co n 6 Aug usta 7 Columbus 8-1 Va ld o sta 8-2 Alb a ny 9-1 Sa va nna h 9-2 W a ycro ss 10 Athe ns N 22793 1138 978 1643 1011 985 849 976 994 999 1645 1042 1666 1084 990 1651 2070 1571 1501 T o ta l % 77.2 79.2 77.9 74.6 75.9 74.8 82.4 75.8 73.0 78.4 80.6 79.1 78.8 79.9 79.5 80.6 77.0 80.1 77.8 95% CI 76.4-78.0 75.8-82.3 74.5-80.9 71.6-77.4 72.6-78.9 71.3-78.0 79.0-85.3 72.4-78.9 69.5-76.3 75.1-81.3 77.6-83.3 76.1-81.9 76.1-81.1 76.9-82.6 76.3-82.4 77.8-83.1 74.6-79.2 76.8-83.0 75.0-80.5 Sex R a ce M a le Fe ma le W hite Bla ck 18-44 % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 80.3 79.0-81.4 74.3 73.4-75.3 76.7 75.8-77.6 79.1 77.6-80.6 78.9 77.8-80.0 81.5 75.6-86.3 77.1 73.2-80.6 79.9 76.8-82.7 85.9 76.2-92.1 81.3 75.8-85.8 83.8 78.9-87.8 72.0 67.5-76.2 78.7 75.2-81.8 N A N A 79.4 74.4-83.7 78.6 73.6-82.8 70.7 66.9-74.2 74.1 70.9-77.0 N A N A 77.9 73.2-81.9 80.2 75.3-84.4 71.8 67.2-75.9 75.7 71.9-79.1 79.9 72.0-86.0 79.3 74.8-83.2 76.6 70.7-81.6 73.1 68.8-77.1 72.8 67.7-77.4 76.6 70.9-81.4 75.7 70.8-80.1 90.8 86.0-94.0 74.7 70.0-78.9 83.4 77.7-87.8 79.8 75.1-83.9 83.6 79.0-87.4 78.8 73.6-83.3 72.8 68.2-77.0 75.5 71.5-79.2 78.6 69.2-85.8 78.2 73.6-82.2 75.9 70.2-80.8 70.4 66.0-74.5 68.2 62.9-73.0 76.0 70.8-80.5 74.5 69.7-78.8 82.3 77.2-86.5 74.7 70.6-78.5 78.2 74.6-81.4 80.2 72.1-86.4 81.5 76.8-85.5 82.0 76.7-86.3 79.2 75.8-82.3 79.2 75.5-82.5 83.5 78.0-87.9 78.9 74.0-83.1 81.6 76.7-85.7 76.8 72.9-80.3 78.7 74.8-82.1 79.3 73.6-84.1 79.7 75.0-83.7 82.4 78.1-86.0 75.5 72.2-78.5 78.7 75.4-81.6 79.2 74.3-83.4 78.9 75.0-82.3 83.9 79.2-87.7 76.1 72.2-79.7 80.0 76.0-83.4 79.6 74.3-84.1 81.3 77.0-85.0 82.4 76.8-86.9 76.8 72.9-80.3 80.4 76.7-83.7 78.3 71.6-83.8 81.4 76.5-85.4 82.5 77.6-86.4 78.9 75.6-81.9 77.8 74.0-81.2 84.4 79.8-88.1 82.9 79.0-86.2 79.7 75.9-83.1 74.4 71.5-77.1 77.8 75.1-80.3 77.5 72.1-82.1 78.0 74.5-81.1 83.2 78.8-86.9 77.0 72.0-81.3 80.1 76.1-83.5 80.8 74.0-86.1 82.0 76.6-86.4 81.1 76.5-84.9 74.8 71.1-78.2 76.8 73.7-79.7 89.6 84.7-93.1 79.7 75.7-83.2 Age 45-64 % 95% CI 76.3 75.1-77.5 77.8 72.8-82.0 77.9 72.7-82.4 74.1 69.1-78.5 70.8 65.0-76.0 75.9 70.0-80.9 79.1 73.0-84.1 73.3 67.4-78.5 72.2 66.2-77.5 75.8 70.5-80.4 81.7 76.8-85.7 81.5 76.8-85.4 79.4 75.2-83.1 79.9 74.9-84.1 75.0 69.3-80.0 78.7 73.2-83.3 77.1 73.5-80.4 76.4 71.8-80.4 77.0 72.2-81.2 65+ % 95% CI 72.7 70.9-74.4 74.2 67.3-80.2 70.5 62.3-77.6 65.5 58.5-71.9 67.9 58.2-76.3 70.7 60.8-78.9 82.9 73.7-89.3 NA NA 64.6 54.6-73.5 71.9 62.8-79.5 84.1 78.9-88.2 72.7 65.8-78.6 76.4 69.6-82.1 74.6 66.7-81.1 81.2 74.7-86.4 76.3 70.3-81.4 72.4 66.1-77.9 79.8 72.9-85.2 70.5 62.3-77.5 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 23 Binge Drinking Binge drinking is defined as five or more drinks on an occasion where one drink equals one can or bottle of beer, one glass of wine, one can or bottle of wine cooler, one cocktail or one shot of liquor. It results in acute impairment of judgment and physical skills, and causes a significant number of alcohol-related deaths. Adverse health effects include unintentional injuries (motor vehicle crashes, drowning and falls) and suicide. Chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, pancreatitis and poor diabetic control are also related to binge drinking. Binge drinking has high social and economic impact; it increases the risk of homicide, child abuse, rape and domestic violence and causes loss of productivity. Binge drinking during pregnancy may cause fetal alcohol syndrome. Effective prevention measures against binge drinking can save lives and prevent birth defects. Adults who Binge Drink, Georgia 2005: 12.0 % Healthy People 2010 Objective: 6% The prevalence of adults who binge drink is significantly more common among males and the occurrence of binge drinking decreases as adults get older. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Sex, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 18.6 0 Male 5.7 Female Sex Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 12.5 0 White 11.5 Black Race/Ethnicity 12.1 Hispanic 9.6 Other Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Age, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 17.2 18.0 13.4 10.3 5.9 2.9 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Percent Percent 24 Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 7.7 0 12.2 12.8 11.8 11.4 14.5 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 10.4 12.5 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 12.1 Some College Level of Education 12.0 College Graduate Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 11.3 0 Health Insurance 15.3 No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adults who Binge Drink by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2001-2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens Total N % 95% CI 27984 12.3 11.7-13.0 1373 10.9 8.5-13.8 1146 13.2 10.7-16.2 2099 10.8 9.1-12.8 1260 15.2 12.7-18.1 1172 14.9 12.3-18.1 1064 11.5 8.8-14.7 1258 13.2 10.9-15.8 1129 14.5 11.8-17.7 1243 11.8 9.6-14.3 1995 9.1 7.4-11.2 1257 11.3 9.0-14.2 2008 11.0 9.2-13.0 1305 14.7 12.2-17.7 1162 10.3 8.1-12.9 2073 10.8 9.1-12.8 2866 14.0 12.4-15.7 2056 12.6 10.6-14.8 1518 12.9 10.5-15.6 Sex Male Female % 95% CI % 95% CI 19.5 18.3-20.6 5.7 5.2-6.2 17.3 13.0-22.8 4.8 3.3-6.9 20.0 15.6-25.3 6.5 4.5-9.3 16.6 13.5-20.3 5.1 3.7-6.9 24.5 20.0-29.7 6.5 4.7-9.0 21.4 16.7-27.0 9.0 6.7-11.9 16.8 12.0-23.1 6.7 4.6-9.5 20.4 16.5-24.9 6.0 4.0-8.8 23.3 18.2-29.3 6.4 4.7-8.7 18.3 14.4-23.0 5.7 4.0-8.1 15.1 11.9-18.9 3.4 2.2-5.2 18.5 14.1-23.7 4.9 3.3-7.2 17.1 14.0-20.8 5.4 3.9-7.5 24.0 19.3-29.3 6.2 4.4-8.7 15.6 11.7-20.4 5.3 3.6-7.8 18.8 15.6-22.6 3.7 2.7-5.2 21.0 18.2-24.2 7.3 5.9-9.0 21.7 18.1-25.8 3.5 2.5-5.1 20.8 16.5-25.8 5.5 4.0-7.5 Race White Black % 95% CI % 95% CI 12.9 12.2-13.6 10.7 9.6-12.0 9.2 7.3-11.6 12.1 6.2-22.3 13.3 10.7-16.4 NA NA 10.8 9.0-12.9 NA NA 16.2 13.3-19.6 10.7 6.2-17.8 17.9 14.4-22.0 11.2 7.8-15.8 14.4 9.5-21.3 10.2 7.1-14.3 13.5 10.9-16.6 17.2 10.9-26.2 21.0 16.7-26.1 10.7 7.1-15.9 13.0 10.4-16.2 5.9 3.4-10.1 9.4 7.3-12.0 9.5 6.4-13.8 11.8 8.9-15.4 10.4 6.7-15.9 10.7 8.6-13.3 11.0 8.0-15.1 13.7 10.4-17.9 14.7 10.8-19.6 10.6 8.1-13.8 9.6 5.7-15.7 11.7 9.4-14.4 8.4 6.2-11.4 15.5 13.6-17.7 10.6 7.6-14.6 13.0 10.8-15.5 9.9 6.0-16.0 13.5 10.9-16.7 9.4 5.4-15.7 18-44 % 95% CI 17.1 16.1-18.1 15.9 12.0-20.8 18.6 14.6-23.4 15.5 12.5-18.9 20.1 16.5-24.3 18.7 14.8-23.3 12.3 8.7-16.9 17.5 14.1-21.4 18.9 15.0-23.6 15.8 12.4-19.9 13.4 10.5-17.1 16.7 12.8-21.5 14.6 11.8-18.0 21.3 17.2-26.0 14.4 11.0-18.7 15.4 12.6-18.7 18.3 15.8-21.0 17.9 14.8-21.6 16.2 13.0-20.1 Age 45-64 % 95% CI 8.2 7.5-9.0 6.4 4.3-9.3 8.3 5.8-11.7 6.7 4.8-9.2 8.4 5.4-12.8 10.2 7.1-14.6 11.7 7.8-17.3 7.2 5.0-10.4 8.5 5.7-12.5 9.0 6.3-12.7 5.8 4.0-8.3 6.6 4.3-10.0 8.8 6.5-11.9 9.0 6.0-13.2 6.6 4.3-10.2 7.9 5.7-10.7 10.6 8.5-13.2 7.5 5.5-10.3 9.9 6.2-15.4 65+ % 95% CI 1.9 1.5-2.5 0.7 0.1-3.8 0.2 0.0-1.1 2.1 1.0-4.4 3.8 1.3-10.9 2.6 0.9-6.8 2.2 0.6-8.0 1.4 0.5-3.9 1.7 0.4-7.2 1.7 0.6-4.8 1.5 0.6-3.8 2.4 1.0-5.8 1.4 0.6-3.2 2.0 0.6-6.1 0.8 0.2-3.3 1.9 0.9-4.0 2.5 1.3-4.7 2.1 0.9-4.9 3.1 0.8-11.1 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 25 Frequent Mental Distress 26 Frequent mental distress includes stress, depression or problems with emotions for 14 days or more during the past 30 days. Some of the immediate physical effects of stress are a quicker heart rate, higher blood pressure and faster breathing rates. Depression can interfere with normal functioning, and frequently causes problems with work, social and family adjustment. It causes pain and suffering not only to those who have a disorder, but also to those who care about them. Serious depression can destroy family life as well as the life of the depressed person. Adults with Frequent Mental Distress, Georgia 2005: 11.1 % The prevalence of frequent mental distress is significantly more common in women. Frequent mental distress decreases as level of educational attainment and annual household income increase. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults with Frequent Mental Distress, by Sex, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 8.4 0 Male 13.7 Female Sex Percent of Adults with Frequent Mental Distress, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 10.4 0 White 12.0 Black Race/Ethnicity Hispanic 13.5 Other Percent of Adults with Frequent Mental Distress, by Age, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 11.5 12.1 12.2 10.9 10.8 8.1 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults with Frequent Mental Distress, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 23.5 14.6 14.7 9.6 9.0 5.3 0 Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000 Annual Household Income Percent of Adults with Frequent Mental Distress, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 18.4 11.1 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 12.9 Some College Level of Education 6.8 College Graduate Percent of Adults with Frequent Mental Distress, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 25 20 15 10 5 10.3 0 Health Insurance 15.2 No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adults with Frequent Mental Distress by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004 & 2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens Total Sex Race Age Male Female White Black 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 16222 17.9 17.1-18.7 15.2 13.9-16.5 20.2 19.2-21.2 17.3 16.4-18.2 19.6 17.9-21.4 17.8 16.7-19.0 19.3 18.0-20.7 14.1 12.4-15.9 790 20.0 17.1-23.4 15.8 11.5-21.2 23.7 19.8-28.0 19.7 16.6-23.3 NA NA 18.5 14.7-23.1 25.6 20.2-31.8 13.6 8.1-22.0 614 20.5 16.9-24.7 17.2 12.1-23.9 23.5 18.7-29.1 21.2 17.4-25.7 NA NA 23.7 18.3-30.0 16.1 11.8-21.4 14.2 7.3-25.8 1290 18.6 15.9-21.7 17.3 13.2-22.3 19.9 16.4-23.9 19.4 16.4-22.7 NA NA 19.1 15.2-23.8 19.6 15.7-24.2 12.3 7.6-19.2 719 13.6 10.8-17.0 13.0 8.5-19.5 14.1 11.0-18.0 14.3 10.8-18.6 16.5 10.5-24.9 12.5 9.0-17.2 16.8 12.2-22.8 NA NA 666 17.7 14.4-21.6 16.2 11.3-22.8 19.1 15.0-24.0 13.4 9.7-18.3 22.5 16.8-29.5 17.8 13.7-22.9 18.2 12.6-25.5 NA NA 600 21.3 17.2-26.1 16.3 10.2-25.0 25.3 20.5-30.9 26.6 19.5-35.1 18.3 13.4-24.5 22.7 17.3-29.2 17.5 11.9-25.0 NA NA 735 15.1 12.3-18.5 13.5 9.5-18.7 16.7 12.8-21.4 14.2 11.0-18.1 15.4 9.3-24.3 15.4 11.8-20.0 16.2 11.5-22.4 10.2 4.7-20.7 676 17.1 13.6-21.1 14.1 8.6-22.0 19.5 15.5-24.1 15.0 10.8-20.5 19.7 14.3-26.6 18.7 14.1-24.4 12.8 8.7-18.4 NA NA 689 19.5 16.0-23.4 17.1 11.6-24.5 21.4 17.5-25.9 18.2 14.8-22.2 18.6 11.9-27.8 20.7 15.9-26.6 19.1 14.1-25.4 13.6 7.5-23.6 1160 19.6 16.8-22.6 14.9 11.1-19.8 23.6 20.2-27.5 18.2 15.2-21.6 23.6 18.0-30.3 17.0 13.4-21.3 25.9 21.1-31.5 15.1 10.3-21.5 723 20.1 16.8-24.0 18.4 13.1-25.2 21.6 17.7-26.1 20.2 16.2-24.9 21.8 15.6-29.6 20.8 16.0-26.6 19.2 14.7-24.5 20.0 12.6-30.3 1233 18.7 16.2-21.6 14.1 10.3-19.0 22.5 19.2-26.2 17.0 13.9-20.6 22.6 17.8-28.4 19.2 15.6-23.5 18.7 14.7-23.5 15.3 10.2-22.4 731 20.6 17.4-24.2 17.1 12.4-23.2 23.6 19.5-28.2 19.8 15.6-24.7 20.5 15.5-26.6 19.5 15.3-24.6 24.2 18.6-30.8 17.2 10.9-26.0 651 18.1 14.8-22.0 16.3 11.2-23.3 19.7 15.7-24.3 17.1 13.4-21.6 21.6 14.5-31.1 16.9 12.6-22.4 21.0 15.4-28.0 18.3 11.0-28.7 1194 18.4 15.7-21.4 13.2 9.5-17.9 22.8 19.1-26.9 16.3 13.0-20.1 20.9 16.4-26.4 16.3 12.9-20.4 22.3 17.4-28.2 16.2 9.7-25.9 1738 19.6 17.3-22.1 16.8 13.3-20.8 22.1 19.2-25.4 18.1 15.6-21.0 22.0 16.7-28.4 19.4 16.3-22.9 22.7 18.8-27.3 12.1 8.2-17.4 1208 17.9 15.4-20.6 14.0 10.5-18.5 21.2 17.9-24.8 18.5 15.7-21.7 13.5 9.0-19.8 15.3 12.1-19.1 21.7 17.5-26.6 22.0 15.5-30.3 805 20.6 17.1-24.6 15.8 11.2-21.8 24.7 19.8-30.3 19.7 15.8-24.4 NA NA 16.7 12.9-21.4 26.4 19.2-35.2 NA NA N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 27 Mammography 28 Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer among women in Georgia and the second leading cause of cancer death. The number of deaths can be reduced if the disease is diagnosed early. Factors associated with breast cancer are personal or family history of breast cancer, biopsyconfirmed atypical hyperplasia, early onset of the menstrual cycle coupled with late onset of menopause, recent use of oral contraceptives or post-menopausal estrogens, never having children or first child born after age 30 and consuming 2 or more drinks of alcohol daily. The American Cancer Society recommends that women ages 40 and older receive annual breast cancer screening, including a clinical breast exam and a mammogram. Women, age 40+, who have had a Mammogram in the Last Two Years: Georgia 2005: 75.4% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 70% The prevalence of mammography screenings in the last 2 years was significantly higher among women with health insurance. The number of women who had mammography screenings increased as income and level of educational attainment increased. Percent Percent Percent of Women, Age 40+, who have had a Mammogram in the Last Two Years, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 76.2 74.0 0 White Black Race/Ethnicity Percent of Women, Age 40+, who have had a Mammogram in the Last Two Years, by Age, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 62.3 0 40-44 79.7 45-64 Age 77.0 65+ Percent Percent Percent of Women, Age 40+, who have had a Mammogram in the Last Two Years, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 62.6 67.9 68.1 77.6 82.6 84.8 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Women, Age 40+, who have had a Mammogram in the Last Two Years, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 67.8 0 72.6 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 74.6 Some College Level of Education 83.1 College Graduate Percent of Women, Age 40+, who have had a Mammogram in the Last Two Years, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 79.5 0 42.3 Health Insurance No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years by Race and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens Total Sex Race Age Male Female White Black 40-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 13119 76.2 75.2-77.1 76.5 75.4-77.5 75.8 73.6-77.9 65.7 63.1-68.3 79.6 78.4-80.8 77.1 75.3-78.8 692 70.8 66.5-74.7 71.3 66.8-75.4 NA NA 63.5 52.2-73.6 73.9 68.1-78.9 70.4 62.8-77.0 596 74.3 69.8-78.4 74.3 69.6-78.5 NA NA 58.1 45.8-69.5 80.7 75.5-85.0 74.3 65.7-81.3 982 73.7 69.8-77.3 73.0 69.0-76.8 NA NA 63.7 52.9-73.4 77.5 72.5-81.9 73.5 66.5-79.5 545 77.6 73.2-81.4 80.6 76.1-84.5 NA NA 69.6 58.5-78.8 80.0 74.6-84.6 80.1 70.8-87.1 507 80.2 75.6-84.2 82.1 75.7-87.1 80.0 72.5-85.8 66.0 54.1-76.2 85.9 80.3-90.1 82.0 72.3-88.8 435 71.4 64.9-77.0 68.2 57.9-77.0 77.3 69.5-83.6 56.9 42.4-70.2 75.6 68.0-81.9 81.2 70.9-88.4 530 77.5 73.0-81.4 76.4 71.2-80.9 NA NA 71.7 62.1-79.7 78.8 72.8-83.8 85.2 76.4-91.1 534 80.9 76.7-84.5 83.6 78.3-87.8 77.2 70.1-83.1 67.2 56.2-76.7 84.7 79.4-88.8 85.7 77.9-91.1 597 77.2 72.9-80.9 80.8 76.3-84.7 NA NA 66.8 55.3-76.6 83.3 78.3-87.4 72.5 63.3-80.1 974 70.7 66.9-74.3 70.2 65.7-74.3 72.2 63.4-79.5 64.6 54.7-73.4 72.6 67.2-77.5 70.8 63.8-76.9 644 77.7 73.6-81.3 77.9 72.8-82.3 76.1 68.4-82.4 60.6 48.7-71.3 78.0 72.3-82.8 87.3 81.2-91.6 943 78.6 75.2-81.7 76.0 71.4-80.1 83.6 77.8-88.1 75.1 66.7-82.0 82.1 77.4-86.0 74.3 67.6-80.1 635 76.9 72.5-80.7 78.1 72.2-83.0 76.4 69.0-82.5 65.4 52.4-76.5 80.7 75.7-85.0 76.3 67.0-83.6 557 70.4 65.6-74.8 69.8 64.2-74.9 74.7 65.4-82.2 60.6 46.9-72.7 71.6 65.1-77.3 74.8 66.7-81.5 1018 75.2 71.5-78.5 75.3 70.8-79.3 75.7 69.2-81.2 63.5 53.9-72.1 78.3 73.5-82.5 77.1 70.5-82.6 1253 79.1 76.2-81.7 79.9 76.7-82.9 76.1 69.2-81.8 68.3 60.4-75.3 81.6 77.9-84.8 81.8 76.4-86.1 1019 68.5 64.6-72.1 68.4 64.3-72.3 NA NA 51.1 40.8-61.2 73.1 68.3-77.4 71.7 64.9-77.7 658 73.2 68.3-77.6 73.0 67.4-77.9 NA NA 62.8 51.4-73.0 76.7 69.9-82.3 73.0 63.2-80.9 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 29 30 Pap Test The risk of developing cervical cancer is closely linked with sexual practices and sexually transmitted infections with human papillomavirus. Becoming sexually active at a young age, having multiple sex partners, and smoking cigarettes are all risk factors for cervical cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends that all women begin cervical cancer screening within 3 years after becoming sexually active, but no later than age 21. Screening should be done every year with the regular Pap test, or every 2 years using the newer liquid-based Pap test. At age 30, women who have had 3 normal Pap tests in a row may get screened every two to three years. Women who have had a Pap test within Three Years, Georgia 2005: 86.9% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90% The prevalence of pap tests within the last 3 years was significantly higher among women with health insurance and women with a higher level of educational attainment. Percent Percent Percent of Women who have had a Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 87.2 87.4 0 White Black Race/Ethnicity Percent Percent of Women who have had a Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 82.7 82.0 81.5 89.3 92.8 95.7 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Women who have had a Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Age, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 79.9 0 18-24 90.5 25-34 89.5 35-44 Age 89.3 45-54 88.9 55-64 75.4 65+ Percent Percent of Women who have had a Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 73.6 82.1 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 86.0 Some College Level of Education 95.2 College Graduate Percent of Women who have had a Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 Percent 40 20 90.0 72.3 0 Health Insurance No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adult Women without Hysterectomy who Received a Pap Smear in the Last Three Years by Race and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens Total Sex Race Age Male Female White Black 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 13452 88.7 87.9-89.5 88.2 87.2-89.0 90.7 88.9-92.2 90.7 89.6-91.6 89.1 87.8-90.3 73.4 70.6-76.0 628 85.1 81.4-88.2 84.2 80.1-87.6 NA NA 87.4 82.6-91.0 83.3 75.3-89.0 NA NA 532 89.4 85.9-92.1 90.0 86.3-92.7 NA NA 91.7 87.0-94.8 90.0 84.1-93.9 NA NA 919 86.8 83.6-89.4 86.6 83.3-89.4 NA NA 89.4 85.2-92.5 86.5 80.3-90.9 69.9 59.9-78.2 684 91.0 88.1-93.2 92.0 88.6-94.4 87.4 79.7-92.5 92.6 89.1-95.1 88.8 82.5-93.1 NA NA 639 90.4 86.9-93.1 93.1 88.5-95.9 88.6 82.7-92.6 91.2 86.6-94.3 92.2 84.6-96.2 NA NA 629 91.2 87.9-93.7 90.2 83.6-94.3 92.9 88.8-95.6 92.2 88.0-94.9 89.4 82.1-93.9 NA NA 634 90.2 86.6-92.9 89.3 84.9-92.5 97.2 91.3-99.2 89.7 84.8-93.1 91.3 86.0-94.7 91.0 80.6-96.1 705 91.1 87.7-93.6 90.2 84.8-93.8 92.6 87.3-95.8 90.6 85.7-93.9 94.1 89.3-96.8 NA NA 611 87.9 83.8-91.1 90.4 87.1-92.9 NA NA 90.9 84.9-94.6 90.8 85.2-94.4 NA NA 812 88.9 86.1-91.2 87.8 84.1-90.8 91.2 86.3-94.4 92.3 88.5-94.8 87.7 82.1-91.7 71.1 60.7-79.7 591 91.6 88.4-93.9 90.9 86.8-93.9 94.3 88.8-97.2 92.8 88.5-95.6 91.7 85.5-95.4 82.2 72.4-89.1 900 91.1 88.6-93.1 88.6 84.9-91.5 94.9 91.1-97.1 93.4 90.5-95.5 90.7 84.6-94.5 NA NA 638 90.6 87.2-93.1 91.0 86.3-94.3 91.1 85.4-94.7 93.0 88.5-95.8 91.5 86.2-94.8 NA NA 588 88.1 84.8-90.7 86.8 82.4-90.2 90.4 84.5-94.3 91.8 87.9-94.5 83.5 75.6-89.2 NA NA 945 88.6 85.8-91.0 85.9 81.4-89.4 92.7 88.9-95.2 91.3 87.1-94.2 88.9 83.9-92.5 72.0 63.3-79.4 1379 89.6 87.4-91.4 88.3 85.5-90.5 92.3 87.2-95.5 92.4 89.8-94.3 87.9 83.2-91.5 73.3 63.8-81.0 867 83.9 80.5-86.9 83.1 79.5-86.3 NA NA 88.3 83.8-91.7 76.0 69.1-81.7 NA NA 751 86.2 82.2-89.4 84.6 79.7-88.4 96.4 91.1-98.6 87.7 82.9-91.4 84.7 74.3-91.4 NA NA N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 31 Colorectal Cancer Screening 32 (Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) The risk of developing colorectal cancer 100 increases with advancing age. Risk factors include inflammatory bowel disease, a personal or family 80 Percent history of colorectal cancer or colorectal polyps, 60 physical inactivity, a high fat or low fiber diet and inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables. Early 40 detection can save lives. An effective tool for early 20 detection is sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, an examination of the rectum and lower colon using a 0 lighted tube. The American Cancer Society recommends that beginning at age 50 adults should have sigmoidoscopy every 5 years or colonoscopy every 10 years. 100 Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Sex, Georgia 2005 63.5 Male 60.8 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 Percent Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 53.7 54.6 61.1 64.1 63.1 70.6 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 100 80 80 Adults, age 50+, who have ever had a Percent Percent Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, 60 60 Georgia 2005: 62.0% 40 40 Healthy People 2010 Objective: 50% 20 0 Adults with health insurance were significantly more likely to have ever had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy screening. The prevalence of colorectal cancer screenings increased as level of 100 educational attainment and annual household income increased. 80 60 Percent 40 20 0 61.5 White Race/Ethnicity 61.2 Black Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Age, Georgia 2005 46.3 50-54 64.5 55-64 Age 69.8 65+ Percent 20 54.6 58.5 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 61.3 Some College Level of Education 70.2 College Graduate Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 64.9 0 Health Insurance 32.1 No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who Have Ever Had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2001, 2002, 2004 & 2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 W aycross 10 Athens T ota l Sex Ra ce Age Male Female W hite Bla ck 50-54 55-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 8986 53.6 52.2-54.9 53.8 51.6-56.0 53.4 51.7-55.0 55.0 53.4-56.5 50.0 46.8-53.1 39.0 36.3-41.9 54.1 51.8-56.3 62.3 60.3-64.3 513 46.0 41.0-51.1 43.9 35.7-52.4 47.7 41.6-53.9 46.1 40.8-51.6 NA NA 32.8 23.8-43.3 46.2 38.2-54.4 54.7 46.3-62.8 413 49.4 43.6-55.3 51.6 41.8-61.2 47.6 40.8-54.5 49.7 43.7-55.7 NA NA 37.4 26.6-49.6 49.5 40.3-58.6 60.1 50.7-68.8 699 51.8 47.0-56.6 50.2 42.7-57.8 53.1 47.1-59.1 51.3 46.2-56.3 NA NA 36.4 27.0-47.0 49.2 41.6-56.9 62.0 54.7-68.9 371 56.7 50.3-62.9 59.2 48.6-69.1 54.3 46.8-61.6 57.0 50.1-63.6 NA NA NA NA 58.0 47.4-68.0 69.1 58.9-77.7 324 56.0 49.3-62.4 53.0 42.2-63.5 58.0 49.6-66.0 57.8 48.6-66.5 NA NA NA NA 61.7 50.3-72.0 NA NA 256 54.2 46.9-61.3 50.4 39.1-61.6 58.1 49.3-66.4 50.2 40.7-59.7 57.2 45.1-68.5 NA NA 54.5 43.2-65.3 73.0 60.5-82.7 338 54.3 47.9-60.6 48.0 38.6-57.5 60.4 52.0-68.2 55.2 48.0-62.2 NA NA NA NA 55.4 45.1-65.3 65.9 54.9-75.4 322 64.9 58.6-70.7 68.1 57.2-77.3 62.7 55.0-69.9 72.2 64.7-78.6 55.0 43.9-65.6 45.7 34.2-57.7 69.9 59.5-78.6 75.6 65.4-83.5 419 50.6 44.9-56.2 54.6 45.2-63.7 47.1 40.4-53.9 50.1 43.7-56.4 47.1 33.7-61.0 37.8 27.0-50.1 49.7 40.7-58.7 60.4 51.1-69.0 677 45.9 41.1-50.8 46.4 38.3-54.7 45.5 39.9-51.3 49.0 43.4-54.7 37.4 28.3-47.4 25.6 17.2-36.3 46.1 38.0-54.4 56.3 49.3-63.0 470 53.2 47.9-58.3 53.3 44.6-61.8 53.1 46.7-59.3 52.4 46.1-58.6 57.1 46.7-66.8 41.6 31.7-52.3 59.5 50.1-68.2 55.3 47.4-62.9 622 48.5 43.6-53.4 48.3 40.5-56.3 48.7 42.6-54.8 49.9 43.9-55.9 46.0 36.9-55.5 31.1 22.3-41.5 49.6 41.9-57.3 57.5 49.8-64.9 430 45.9 40.3-51.5 42.5 33.6-51.8 48.6 41.8-55.5 49.0 42.0-56.0 35.7 26.6-46.0 27.5 18.7-38.6 45.4 36.0-55.2 56.3 47.7-64.5 401 51.5 45.7-57.2 52.9 43.9-61.8 50.2 42.9-57.4 57.0 50.5-63.2 39.0 27.0-52.6 34.8 24.5-46.8 51.9 42.5-61.2 62.2 52.7-70.8 676 48.5 43.5-53.5 50.4 41.9-58.9 47.0 41.3-52.8 55.7 49.6-61.6 35.9 28.0-44.7 34.1 23.6-46.4 50.8 42.3-59.3 55.4 48.1-62.5 960 57.5 53.7-61.2 60.6 54.4-66.5 54.9 50.1-59.5 60.7 56.6-64.8 43.2 34.2-52.8 38.1 30.3-46.6 56.9 50.4-63.1 68.1 62.4-73.3 691 46.8 42.1-51.5 47.8 40.0-55.7 45.9 40.5-51.5 47.6 42.5-52.8 36.7 26.1-48.6 36.1 27.0-46.3 42.7 35.0-50.7 57.9 50.5-65.0 404 55.5 49.0-61.7 55.2 45.0-65.0 55.7 47.4-63.6 58.2 51.0-65.1 NA NA NA NA 51.5 41.2-61.7 63.5 53.3-72.7 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 33 Cholesterol Screening 34 Cholesterol is fat needed for the body to function normally, but when there is too much cholesterol in blood it can be deposited in arterial walls creating waxy plaques. Cholesterol build up in the arteries happens slowly but over time can cause heart attacks, stroke, and other vascular problems. Lowering blood cholesterol can reduce the risk of dying from heart disease, a non-fatal heart attack, and a heart bypass surgery. The National Cholesterol Education Program recommends that adults have their cholesterol level checked at least every five years. Adults who had Blood Cholesterol checked in the past five years, Georgia 2005: 74.4 % Healthy People 2010 Objective: 80% Cholesterol screenings in the past five years are significantly more prevalent in adults 35 and older, adults with health insurance and college graduates. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults who have had their Cholesterol Checked in the Last Five Years, by Sex, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 72.5 76.2 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults who have had their Cholesterol Checked in the Last Five Years, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 76.1 0 White 73.3 Black Race/Ethnicity Percent of Adults who have had their Cholesterol Checked in the Last Five Years, by Age, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 40.8 0 18-24 58.6 25-34 77.4 35-44 Age 86.0 45-54 93.1 55-64 93.9 65+ Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults who have had their Cholesterol Checked in the Last Five Years, by Annual Househould Income, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 70.3 62.2 67.4 76.8 79.3 84.8 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Adults who have had their Cholesterol Checked in the Last Five Years, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 66.1 68.8 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 74.4 Some College Level of Education 83.4 College Graduate Percent of Adults who have had their Cholesterol Checked in the Last Five Years, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 79.1 0 Health Insurance 50.6 No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adults, who Have Had a Cholesterol Check in the Last Five Years by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2001, 2003 & 2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens Total Sex Race Age Male Female White Black 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 17536 74.7 73.7-75.7 72.7 71.1-74.3 76.6 75.5-77.7 76.4 75.2-77.4 73.2 71.1-75.2 63.4 61.8-64.9 86.8 85.6-87.9 92.4 91.1-93.6 851 71.0 66.8-74.8 68.1 60.9-74.5 73.7 69.0-77.9 70.1 65.6-74.3 NA NA 57.9 51.4-64.1 87.5 82.5-91.2 87.5 77.8-93.4 724 74.5 69.3-79.0 72.5 63.6-79.9 76.4 70.9-81.2 75.5 70.5-79.9 NA NA 61.1 53.4-68.2 91.0 86.5-94.1 95.1 88.1-98.1 1394 74.1 70.6-77.3 73.1 67.5-78.1 75.0 70.6-78.9 75.4 71.8-78.7 NA NA 63.6 58.2-68.8 84.3 79.2-88.3 92.5 88.0-95.4 747 77.3 73.1-81.1 77.3 70.3-83.1 77.3 72.1-81.8 77.1 72.0-81.5 75.7 65.6-83.7 71.0 64.9-76.5 85.4 78.9-90.1 96.6 90.5-98.8 712 75.3 70.8-79.2 77.2 70.0-83.1 73.4 67.7-78.4 80.1 74.0-85.0 72.5 65.2-78.7 66.0 59.5-72.0 89.6 83.8-93.4 93.1 86.1-96.7 664 75.7 70.7-80.1 72.0 63.0-79.5 79.1 74.0-83.4 NA NA 76.9 71.1-81.8 67.8 60.7-74.2 88.8 81.9-93.3 96.9 91.5-98.9 774 74.3 70.1-78.0 70.5 63.9-76.3 78.1 73.0-82.4 75.2 70.4-79.5 74.4 64.1-82.6 65.8 60.0-71.1 87.1 80.9-91.6 95.2 85.7-98.5 674 72.1 67.0-76.8 60.6 52.3-68.4 82.5 77.2-86.8 71.8 64.8-77.9 74.0 66.0-80.7 61.9 54.9-68.4 88.6 81.9-93.0 92.4 84.2-96.5 746 77.7 73.8-81.2 75.3 68.8-80.9 80.0 75.5-83.9 78.9 74.3-82.8 76.7 67.7-83.9 69.0 63.0-74.4 87.7 82.3-91.6 90.3 81.6-95.2 1291 71.5 66.8-75.8 69.8 61.6-76.9 73.2 68.5-77.4 71.7 67.1-75.9 74.2 66.8-80.5 59.6 52.4-66.4 81.7 76.2-86.1 91.7 87.1-94.8 752 75.5 71.2-79.4 75.2 67.8-81.4 75.8 70.5-80.5 78.8 73.5-83.3 73.5 65.2-80.4 60.9 54.1-67.2 91.3 86.7-94.4 95.8 90.9-98.1 1329 75.8 72.4-78.9 72.5 66.8-77.7 78.7 74.9-82.1 78.5 74.5-82.0 70.6 64.0-76.5 64.5 59.2-69.5 88.9 85.0-91.8 90.5 84.6-94.3 823 74.3 70.0-78.3 73.5 65.9-79.9 75.1 70.4-79.4 74.2 67.8-79.6 75.5 69.0-81.1 63.4 56.6-69.7 87.5 82.9-90.9 90.7 81.6-95.6 715 71.0 66.2-75.3 68.8 60.8-75.8 73.0 67.6-77.8 75.7 70.5-80.2 62.7 52.5-71.9 60.6 53.6-67.1 83.8 77.6-88.5 NA NA 1318 72.4 68.7-75.8 68.4 62.2-74.0 75.9 71.3-79.9 76.2 71.4-80.5 66.2 59.5-72.3 60.8 55.0-66.2 83.1 77.9-87.2 91.9 85.0-95.8 1532 75.8 72.8-78.6 73.9 69.0-78.3 77.7 74.0-81.0 76.7 73.2-79.9 79.7 73.8-84.5 67.2 62.7-71.3 86.2 81.6-89.7 93.1 88.7-95.8 1279 68.2 64.5-71.6 68.1 62.3-73.3 68.3 63.6-72.6 68.2 64.2-72.0 66.5 57.1-74.8 57.7 52.1-63.0 78.1 73.2-82.4 90.9 85.6-94.4 1211 72.4 68.5-76.0 75.8 70.0-80.8 69.2 64.2-73.8 72.1 67.7-76.2 76.7 67.6-83.8 62.4 57.0-67.4 84.7 78.5-89.4 94.2 88.0-97.3 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 35 HIV/AIDS Testing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and through intravenous drug use. People who become infected with the virus can be asymptomatic for long periods of time during which they can infect sexual and drug injection partners. Following infection with HIV, people develop AIDS, a disease that affects the immune system and leaves patients vulnerable to a wide variety of potentially fatal opportunistic infections. Testing for HIV infection is crucial to determine HIV status so that those infected can stop HIV transmission, begin treatment, and, in the case of pregnant women, reduce the risk of transmission to an unborn baby. Adults, Ages 18-64, Tested for HIV, Georgia 2005: 48.4% The prevalence of HIV testing is significantly more common among blacks and adults ages 25-34 than any other age group. Adults whose annual household income was less than $15,000 were more likely to have had an HIV test. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Ages 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV, by Sex, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 46.5 0 50.2 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Ages 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 41.9 62.7 0 White Black Race/Ethnicity Percent of Adults, Ages 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV, by Age, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 47.7 0 18-24 61.7 25-34 57.6 35-44 Age 40.4 45-54 22.7 55-64 Percent Percent Percent 36 Percent of Adults, Ages 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 61.3 53.8 47.5 50.8 50.2 43.4 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Adults, Ages 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 46.1 48.1 51.0 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College Level of Education 47.3 College Graduate Percent of Adults, Ages 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 47.7 0 Health Insurance 51.3 No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adults, Ages 18-64, who Have Been Tested for HIV, by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens Total Sex Race Age Male Female White Black 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 24490 52.7 51.8-53.5 51.7 50.3-53.1 53.6 52.6-54.7 46.2 45.2-47.2 66.5 64.8-68.0 61.3 60.2-62.4 36.3 35.1-37.5 1205 45.6 42.2-49.1 43.6 38.1-49.2 47.7 43.6-51.9 44.6 41.1-48.2 NA NA 56.0 51.4-60.5 26.1 22.0-30.6 1042 50.3 46.6-54.1 49.9 44.1-55.8 50.7 46.0-55.3 48.2 44.4-52.1 NA NA 60.3 55.2-65.1 32.0 27.4-36.9 1651 45.6 42.3-48.9 44.3 38.9-49.8 46.9 43.1-50.7 44.5 41.2-47.9 NA NA 54.3 50.0-58.5 30.1 24.9-35.9 1185 53.6 50.2-57.0 55.4 50.0-60.6 51.9 47.7-56.2 47.0 43.0-51.1 78.4 71.5-84.0 62.1 57.8-66.2 35.8 30.5-41.4 1119 60.4 56.7-63.9 61.7 55.7-67.4 59.1 54.5-63.5 48.4 43.1-53.7 74.2 69.1-78.7 66.1 61.5-70.5 47.7 41.9-53.5 1037 63.1 59.1-66.9 60.8 53.8-67.4 65.1 60.7-69.3 56.4 49.2-63.3 69.4 64.3-74.1 71.1 66.1-75.7 43.4 37.3-49.7 1163 50.1 46.6-53.5 47.9 42.8-53.0 52.2 47.6-56.8 45.8 41.7-49.9 69.7 61.2-77.0 58.0 53.6-62.4 32.5 27.9-37.6 1131 62.4 58.8-65.9 63.3 57.4-68.9 61.6 57.3-65.7 56.0 50.6-61.1 68.5 63.2-73.3 69.2 64.7-73.4 45.8 40.4-51.3 1129 47.5 44.0-51.1 47.1 41.5-52.8 48.0 43.7-52.2 42.8 38.9-46.8 63.0 55.1-70.3 56.5 51.8-61.1 31.6 27.1-36.3 1582 46.3 42.9-49.7 43.6 38.2-49.1 48.9 44.9-53.0 41.3 37.5-45.1 60.8 54.3-66.9 54.3 49.6-58.9 32.7 28.2-37.4 1095 54.3 50.8-57.8 52.5 46.9-58.0 56.0 51.7-60.3 49.8 45.4-54.3 62.4 56.3-68.1 65.1 60.4-69.4 34.3 29.8-39.1 1707 54.4 51.5-57.3 52.6 47.9-57.2 56.1 52.5-59.7 46.3 42.6-50.1 64.6 59.6-69.2 63.7 60.0-67.3 37.3 33.1-41.7 1173 56.2 52.8-59.6 54.4 48.8-59.9 58.0 53.8-62.1 50.2 45.4-54.9 62.5 57.0-67.7 65.0 60.4-69.3 39.2 34.3-44.3 1029 55.6 51.9-59.2 53.2 47.4-59.0 57.8 53.4-62.2 49.4 45.0-53.8 71.3 64.5-77.2 62.5 57.7-67.0 40.6 35.3-46.1 1677 53.7 50.6-56.8 50.0 45.0-54.9 57.1 53.3-60.9 46.6 42.6-50.7 62.2 57.0-67.1 62.5 58.3-66.5 38.4 34.0-43.0 2566 58.0 55.6-60.3 55.2 51.4-58.8 60.8 57.9-63.6 53.1 50.2-55.9 69.3 64.4-73.8 66.9 63.9-69.7 38.6 35.1-42.2 1664 51.6 48.4-54.7 50.1 45.3-54.9 53.1 49.0-57.2 49.5 45.9-53.1 56.8 49.2-64.1 57.9 53.7-62.1 39.3 34.9-43.8 1335 45.3 42.0-48.7 45.7 40.3-51.1 45.0 40.9-49.2 42.9 39.1-46.7 56.7 48.2-64.8 52.3 47.9-56.5 30.7 25.7-36.1 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 37 Influenza Vaccination In 2005, Georgia ranked 44th in the nation for influenza vaccination for adults 65 years or older. Influenza and pneumonia were the seventh leading causes of death in Georgia. Infection with the influenza virus is often resolved within two weeks, but can lead to serious or life-threatening disease in some people, especially the elderly or people with chronic health problems. Influenza vaccination, or a flu shot, can reduce much of the morbidity and mortality associated with the flu. People who are 65 years or older and people with chronic diseases such as asthma or diabetes should receive an influenza vaccine every fall. Adults, age 65+, who had a Flu shot in the Last Year, Georgia 2005: 60.8% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90% Whites and college graduates are more likely to have had an influenza immunization in the last year. Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who have had an Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Sex, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 63.9 0 Male 58.7 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who have had an Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 64.5 0 White 45.2 Black Race/Ethnicity Percent Percent 38 Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who have had an Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 43.2 64.3 63.0 69.7 69.9 75.2 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who have had an Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 47.0 0 63.4 65.9 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College Level of Education 71.2 College Graduate Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who Have Had an Influenza Vaccination in the Last 12 Months, by Sex and Race, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens Total Sex Race Age Male Female White Black 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 3846 62.8 60.7-64.8 65.8 62.3-69.1 60.7 58.2-63.2 68.4 66.3-70.5 41.9 36.9-47.1 232 54.6 46.6-62.4 NA NA 49.7 40.2-59.2 56.1 47.8-64.1 NA NA 172 68.6 60.2-75.9 NA NA 68.4 58.2-77.1 69.4 60.8-76.8 NA NA 312 61.8 54.2-68.9 NA NA 63.9 54.5-72.3 64.6 57.0-71.6 NA NA 128 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 115 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 86 NA NA NA NA 50.5 35.3-65.5 NA NA NA NA 118 74.9 65.0-82.7 NA NA NA NA 79.4 69.5-86.7 NA NA 138 67.4 57.4-76.1 NA NA NA NA 82.3 72.7-89.1 NA NA 162 63.8 54.7-72.0 NA NA NA NA 68.4 58.7-76.7 NA NA 354 56.1 49.0-63.0 NA NA 49.0 40.4-57.7 62.0 54.0-69.4 34.0 20.9-50.1 201 67.3 59.2-74.4 NA NA 70.5 61.8-77.9 75.4 66.9-82.2 50.8 34.8-66.7 273 67.0 59.5-73.7 NA NA 63.3 53.8-71.8 72.5 63.8-79.8 51.7 35.4-67.7 201 59.0 50.5-67.0 NA NA 51.8 41.4-62.0 71.9 62.1-79.9 28.9 16.5-45.6 185 59.3 50.0-68.0 NA NA NA NA 65.2 55.6-73.7 NA NA 298 64.6 56.9-71.6 NA NA 61.7 52.6-70.0 68.0 58.9-75.9 54.6 39.0-69.3 401 61.8 55.8-67.6 65.2 55.1-74.1 59.4 51.8-66.5 68.0 61.3-73.9 37.8 24.1-53.7 305 59.1 51.5-66.3 NA NA 55.5 46.1-64.6 61.6 53.2-69.4 NA NA 165 61.3 50.8-70.8 NA NA 60.6 46.8-73.0 NA NA NA NA N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 39 Pneumonia Vaccination 40 In 2005, Georgia ranked 46th in the nation for pneumonia vaccination for adults 65 years or older. Influenza and pneumonia were the seventh leading causes of death in Georgia, and pneumococcal disease is responsible for the most vaccinepreventable deaths in the United States. Pneumococcal bacteria can cause meningitis, pneumonia, and infections in the blood (septicemia). Adults older than 65 and people with chronic health problems like diabetes, heart disease, and kidney failure are at especially high risk for infection. Penicillin was once an effective treatment for pneumococcal disease, but drug resistant strains of the bacteria have made prevention of infection though immunization vital. The vaccine can be given at any time of the year. Usually one dose is all that is needed. Adults, age 65+, who have ever had a Pneumonia Vaccination, Georgia 2005: 62.5% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90% Whites were more likely to have ever had a pneumonia vaccination. The prevalence of pneumonia vaccination increased as level of educational attainment increased. Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who have ever had a Pneumonia Vaccination, by Sex, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 62.7 0 62.4 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who have ever had a Pnuemonia Vaccination, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 67.7 40.7 0 White Black Race/Ethnicity Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who have ever had a Pneumonia Vaccination, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 55.6 62.3 63.9 73.9 63.5 75.2 0 Less than $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000 Annual Household Income Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who have ever had a Pneumonia Vaccination, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 100 80 60 40 20 51.0 63.2 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 69.7 Some College Level of Education Completed 70.4 College Graduate Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who Have Had a Pneumonia Vaccination, by Sex and Race, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens Total Sex Race Age Male Female White Black 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 6000 59.7 58.0-61.3 58.6 55.8-61.4 60.3 58.3-62.3 65.3 63.5-67.0 36.8 32.9-40.9 343 58.0 51.5-64.2 NA NA 59.2 51.6-66.4 58.5 51.7-65.1 NA NA 256 67.6 60.5-74.0 NA NA 72.6 65.0-79.1 69.4 62.1-75.8 NA NA 526 54.7 48.8-60.4 46.3 37.2-55.7 61.5 54.4-68.2 56.4 50.4-62.3 NA NA 204 66.0 57.7-73.4 NA NA 70.3 60.6-78.5 68.1 59.5-75.6 NA NA 176 58.0 49.1-66.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 140 61.1 51.2-70.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 175 69.6 61.4-76.7 NA NA NA NA 70.6 62.0-78.0 NA NA 199 63.3 54.9-70.9 NA NA NA NA 74.0 64.8-81.4 NA NA 248 53.2 45.7-60.5 NA NA 53.6 44.6-62.3 57.1 48.9-64.9 NA NA 542 55.2 49.5-60.7 51.1 41.6-60.5 58.0 51.1-64.6 59.7 53.2-65.8 NA NA 333 59.8 53.5-65.9 NA NA 64.3 56.9-71.0 71.0 63.8-77.3 NA NA 437 62.2 56.1-67.9 70.2 59.9-78.8 56.1 48.7-63.3 68.0 61.0-74.2 NA NA 298 43.4 36.8-50.3 NA NA 38.5 31.0-46.5 50.9 42.6-59.1 17.2 10.3-27.3 286 56.9 49.7-63.8 NA NA 60.9 51.9-69.2 64.1 56.4-71.2 NA NA 496 60.7 54.9-66.3 NA NA 62.3 55.6-68.6 71.0 64.8-76.6 NA NA 575 55.8 50.7-60.8 55.8 47.2-64.1 55.8 49.6-61.7 62.2 56.5-67.5 NA NA 474 57.9 51.9-63.7 66.3 55.9-75.3 52.3 45.0-59.5 62.2 55.5-68.5 NA NA 292 61.5 53.7-68.6 NA NA 68.4 59.3-76.3 63.8 55.2-71.5 NA NA N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 41 Health Insurance 42 Access to preventive services and health care can prevent or improve the outcomes of many diseases. Insurance coverage is a strong determining factor in whether people will have access to services like screenings, treatment, and health recommendations. Access to quality health care can help eliminate disparities in disease and disease outcomes and can improve the quality and length of life for people living in Georgia. Access to health care can be limited both by lack of health insurance and by insufficient coverage. People who cannot afford to see a doctor or a health-care professional for either of these reasons are at risk for adverse health outcomes. Adults with No Health Insurance, Georgia 2005: 16.6% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 0% The prevalence of adults with no health insurance is significantly higher among blacks. Having no health insurance becomes less common as adults age, annual household income increases and level of educational attainment increases. Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Sex, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 17.9 15.3 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 31.2 31.2 24.0 11.5 8.2 5.6 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Annual Household Income Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 50 40 Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Level of Education, 50 Georgia 2005 40 30 30 20 20 10 13.0 0 White 20.5 Black Race/Ethnicity 10 29.9 24.4 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED 13.6 Some College Level of Education 5.3 College Graduate Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Age, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 Percent 20 10 34.1 19.8 15.1 14.3 12.8 2.6 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance by Sex, Race and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens Total Sex Race Age Male Female White Black 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 32385 15.8 15.2-16.4 17.1 16.1-18.2 14.5 13.9-15.2 12.2 11.6-12.8 21.2 19.9-22.7 20.5 19.5-21.5 13.1 12.3-13.9 2.7 2.1-3.4 1634 14.7 12.7-17.1 15.6 12.3-19.6 13.9 11.6-16.7 13.9 11.8-16.2 20.3 13.3-29.9 19.6 16.4-23.4 11.3 8.7-14.7 2.8 1.1-7.2 1374 15.4 12.9-18.3 17.5 13.4-22.5 13.4 10.7-16.6 13.6 11.3-16.2 NA NA 20.8 16.7-25.4 10.8 8.2-14.2 1.6 0.6-4.4 2300 15.1 13.0-17.4 16.0 12.7-20.0 14.1 11.8-16.8 14.5 12.3-16.9 19.8 11.2-32.7 20.1 16.8-23.9 12.4 9.8-15.5 1.8 0.7-4.5 1473 11.2 9.2-13.6 12.1 8.9-16.3 10.4 8.1-13.2 7.8 5.8-10.4 19.2 13.9-25.9 13.6 10.8-17.1 9.6 6.6-13.8 0.0 1386 15.5 13.1-18.1 15.7 12.1-20.2 15.2 12.5-18.4 6.3 4.3-9.1 24.6 20.2-29.5 17.9 14.6-21.7 12.8 9.4-17.2 6.8 2.6-16.7 1253 18.8 15.2-23.0 20.8 14.5-29.0 16.9 13.7-20.6 14.6 10.4-20.0 18.1 14.5-22.5 23.0 17.9-29.1 14.4 10.6-19.2 0.5 0.1-3.3 1439 13.7 11.4-16.5 13.8 10.5-17.9 13.6 10.5-17.6 11.2 8.8-14.1 19.1 12.6-27.9 18.0 14.5-22.0 7.5 5.1-10.8 4.2 1.6-10.3 1404 16.0 13.4-19.0 18.7 14.3-24.1 13.7 11.0-16.8 7.6 5.2-10.9 21.0 16.9-25.9 19.9 16.2-24.2 11.6 8.4-15.9 1.3 0.3-5.2 1465 14.0 11.8-16.6 16.1 12.4-20.7 12.0 9.8-14.7 11.2 9.0-13.9 20.9 14.9-28.6 18.2 14.7-22.3 11.9 9.1-15.5 1.7 0.5-5.6 2270 17.2 14.8-19.9 18.0 14.0-22.9 16.4 14.1-19.0 14.8 12.6-17.2 19.5 15.7-24.1 21.3 17.3-25.8 17.8 14.6-21.4 3.3 1.9-5.7 1522 13.4 11.3-15.8 14.2 10.8-18.4 12.7 10.3-15.5 8.9 6.9-11.4 18.5 14.4-23.4 18.4 15.0-22.4 10.3 7.9-13.5 1.8 0.6-5.5 2294 16.9 15.0-19.0 18.1 15.1-21.6 15.8 13.6-18.4 14.2 12.0-16.8 21.4 17.8-25.6 20.1 17.2-23.3 17.6 14.5-21.2 2.7 1.5-4.7 1549 15.5 13.3-18.0 15.9 12.4-20.1 15.1 12.6-18.1 11.7 9.4-14.4 19.1 15.2-23.7 18.5 15.2-22.5 15.7 12.5-19.5 3.1 1.4-6.7 1389 20.1 17.4-23.0 22.2 17.9-27.2 18.1 15.2-21.3 17.7 14.7-21.2 23.0 18.1-28.7 24.7 20.7-29.2 18.8 15.0-23.4 4.6 2.2-9.4 2292 20.0 17.8-22.4 20.6 17.1-24.7 19.4 16.8-22.3 17.6 14.9-20.6 22.4 18.7-26.5 27.6 24.0-31.6 15.7 13.0-18.9 3.6 1.9-6.7 3336 16.0 14.5-17.7 16.4 14.0-19.1 15.7 13.8-17.8 12.6 11.1-14.3 21.5 17.9-25.6 20.0 17.7-22.6 13.8 11.6-16.4 3.2 1.7-5.8 2277 21.6 19.4-23.9 21.7 18.4-25.5 21.4 18.7-24.4 18.3 16.1-20.7 31.4 25.2-38.3 27.5 24.1-31.3 20.0 16.8-23.6 2.1 1.0-4.4 1728 14.8 12.6-17.2 15.2 11.7-19.4 14.4 11.8-17.3 13.8 11.5-16.6 16.5 11.9-22.6 18.9 15.7-22.5 11.8 8.4-16.4 2.0 0.6-6.3 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 43 Disability People living with disability may have difficulty performing functional activities or activities of daily living. Disability may require the use of special equipment like a cane, crutches, or a walker. As a potentially underserved group, people with disabilities may experience lack of access to health services and medical care and may be at increased risk for various conditions. Adults with a Disability, Georgia 2005: 20.1 % The prevalence of having a disability is significantly higher among adults 55 years and older. Adults with less than a high school education or adults whose annual household income is less than $15,000 have the highest prevalence of disability. Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults who have a Disability, by Sex, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 19.1 0 Male 21.1 Female Sex Percent of Adults who have a Disability, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 21.5 0 White 19.5 Black Race/Ethnicity 10.2 Hispanic 15.0 Other Percent of Adults who have a Disability, by Age, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 12.3 0 18-24 9.8 25-34 17.5 35-44 Age 20.4 45-54 30.7 55-64 38.0 65+ Percent Percent Percent 44 Percent of Adults who have a Disability, by Annual Household Income, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 44.9 26.8 21.6 16.2 13.1 12.0 0 Less than 15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more $15,000 Annual Household Income Percent of Adults who have a Disability, by Level of Education, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 35.4 19.2 20.9 0 Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College Level of Education 14.1 College Graduate Percent of Adults who have a Disability, by Health Insurance Status, Georgia 2005 50 40 30 20 10 20.8 0 Health Insurance 16.9 No Health Insurance Health Insurance Status Percent of Adults with A Disability by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2001, 2003, 2004 & 2005 DISTRICT GEORGIA 1-1 Rome 1-2 Dalton 2 Gainesville 3-1 Cobb-Douglas 3-2 Fulton 3-3 Clayton 3-4 Lawrenceville 3-5 Dekalb 4 Lagrange 5-1 Dublin 5-2 Macon 6 Augusta 7 Columbus 8-1 Valdosta 8-2 Albany 9-1 Savannah 9-2 Waycross 10 Athens Total Sex Race Age Male Female White Black 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 22963 18.7 18.1-19.4 17.1 16.1-18.1 20.3 19.4-21.1 20.2 19.4-21.0 16.6 15.3-17.9 11.2 10.4-12.1 24.5 23.4-25.7 36.5 34.7-38.4 1100 18.8 16.2-21.5 18.0 14.1-22.7 19.5 16.5-22.9 19.8 17.0-22.8 14.1 8.0-23.9 10.2 7.4-13.8 26.4 21.8-31.6 36.1 29.0-43.9 905 19.2 16.4-22.5 16.8 12.6-22.1 21.6 18.0-25.6 20.2 17.1-23.6 NA NA 11.6 8.3-16.0 26.4 21.4-32.1 38.6 30.9-47.0 1857 19.4 17.3-21.6 17.5 14.5-21.0 21.2 18.6-24.2 19.3 17.1-21.6 NA NA 11.9 9.5-14.8 26.9 23.1-31.1 31.2 25.8-37.2 969 15.5 13.1-18.2 15.6 11.9-20.2 15.3 12.5-18.6 17.4 14.5-20.8 10.6 6.6-16.5 8.5 6.1-11.7 24.2 19.3-29.9 36.5 27.6-46.4 889 16.0 13.2-19.4 13.8 9.8-19.1 18.2 14.3-22.8 15.3 11.6-20.0 17.7 13.1-23.6 11.5 8.0-16.3 20.3 15.4-26.2 35.6 26.4-46.0 830 15.2 12.4-18.6 13.0 8.9-18.5 17.2 13.6-21.6 20.0 14.8-26.5 11.7 8.6-15.7 10.9 7.7-15.4 22.6 17.2-29.1 NA NA 1003 15.1 12.7-17.9 12.5 9.2-16.6 17.8 14.4-21.7 17.3 14.3-20.7 9.7 5.7-16.1 10.9 8.0-14.7 19.8 15.7-24.6 31.8 23.3-41.7 876 14.5 12.1-17.4 14.4 10.6-19.1 14.6 11.7-18.2 17.5 13.6-22.3 12.3 9.1-16.4 10.4 7.6-14.2 18.4 14.1-23.7 32.7 23.8-43.1 965 17.0 14.5-19.8 15.7 12.0-20.4 18.2 15.1-21.7 17.5 14.6-20.8 16.0 11.1-22.7 11.8 8.7-15.8 18.9 14.8-23.8 34.5 26.9-42.9 1733 21.4 19.0-24.0 20.9 17.0-25.5 21.8 19.1-24.7 22.3 19.5-25.3 20.9 15.9-26.9 12.3 9.5-15.7 29.3 24.6-34.4 36.7 31.1-42.7 990 20.7 17.9-23.7 20.5 16.1-25.7 20.9 17.7-24.5 22.9 19.3-27.0 16.8 12.5-22.0 12.7 9.3-17.0 29.5 24.4-35.1 33.0 26.4-40.3 1756 19.9 17.8-22.3 17.0 13.8-20.7 22.6 19.9-25.6 20.4 17.7-23.4 19.0 15.4-23.2 11.3 8.8-14.3 27.0 23.1-31.3 40.1 33.7-46.8 1061 20.4 17.6-23.5 21.8 17.3-27.1 19.1 16.0-22.6 20.8 17.1-24.9 19.1 14.8-24.3 13.2 9.8-17.5 27.5 22.5-33.1 35.7 28.3-43.9 925 19.4 16.8-22.4 15.0 11.3-19.6 23.6 20.0-27.6 21.7 18.4-25.4 15.7 11.1-21.7 10.6 7.8-14.4 28.5 23.3-34.4 37.7 30.1-45.9 1755 20.2 17.9-22.7 19.5 15.9-23.8 20.8 18.1-23.8 20.9 18.0-24.1 18.6 14.8-23.2 11.3 8.4-14.9 26.4 22.5-30.7 39.2 32.6-46.2 2326 18.3 16.4-20.2 15.1 12.5-18.2 21.2 18.8-23.9 17.7 15.7-19.8 22.4 17.8-27.8 11.7 9.5-14.3 25.2 21.7-29.0 32.8 27.8-38.2 1771 23.4 21.0-25.9 22.0 18.4-26.1 24.7 21.8-27.8 24.7 21.9-27.6 17.8 13.2-23.4 13.9 11.1-17.3 33.3 29.1-37.8 40.4 34.4-46.8 1252 19.4 16.7-22.3 17.0 13.1-21.8 21.5 18.1-25.4 20.5 17.4-24.0 12.0 7.8-18.1 13.5 10.2-17.7 23.9 19.3-29.2 39.1 31.1-47.7 N=Number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 45 Healthy People 2010 Table 46 Year 2010 Health Objectives for the Nation: Summary of BRFSS Data, Georgia, 2001-2005 Healthy People 2010 1 Objectives 2 Georgia Georgia Georgia Georgia Georgia 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year 2010 Target Health Outcomes Obese, BMI 30 (Objective # 19.2) Ages 20 years 23% 24% 26% 25% 27% 15% Diabetes, Clinically Diagnosed (Objective #5.3) 7% 7% 8% 7% 8% 2.5% Ages >18 years Limitation in Activities Due to Arthritis 54% 41% 41% 33% (Objective #2.2) (< 21%) Adults with Doctor-diagnosed Arthritis, Ages >18 yrs (definition for arthritis surveillance changed in 2002) Health-related Behaviors No Leisure Time Physical Activity (Objective # 22.1) Ages >18 years 27% 26% 25% 26% 27% 20% Regular Moderate Physical Activity, 5 or more 40% 42% 42% 50% days/week for 30 or more minutes or Vigorous (> 30%) Physical Activity, 3 or more days per week for 20 minutes or more per day (Objective # 22.2) Ages 18 years Regular, Vigorous Physical Activity, 3 or more 23% 25% 24% 30% Days/Week for 20 or more Minutes (Objective #22.3) Ages >18 years Cigarette Smoking (Objective # 27.1a) Ages 18 years 24% 23% 23% 20% 22% 12% Binge Drinking, During Past Month (Objective # 26.11c) Ages 18 years 12% 13% 13% 12% 12% 6% 1 Healthy People 2010 is designed to achieve two overarching goals: 1. Increase quality and years of healthy life, 2. Eliminate health disparities. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition, Washington DC:U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000. 2 In some cases, BRFSS definitions of objectives differ slightly from those in Healthy People 2010. See Healthy People 2010 for the exact definition of the objective. Data were not collected in that year. ( ) Original target prior to 2005 Midcourse Review Met Year 2010 target. Georgia Georgia Georgia Georgia Georgia Healthy People 2010 Objectives (cont'd) 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Year 2010 Target Screening/Immunizations Pap Smear, Ever Had (Objective #3.11a) Women without a hysterectomy, Ages >18 years Pap Smear, Within Past Three Years (Objective #3.11b) Women without a hysterectomy, Ages >18 years Mammogram, Within Past Two Years (Objective #3.13) Women, Ages >40 years 94% 96% 97% 95% 95% 88% 87% 88% 85% 87% 79% 76% 76% 75% 75% Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) Within Past 32% 30% 26% 27% Two Years (Objective #3.12a) Ages >50 years Sigmoidoscopy, Ever Had (Objective #3.12b) 49% Ages >50 years 54% 62% Cholesterol Screening, Within Past Five Years 75% 75% 74% (Objective #12.15) Ages >18 years Influenza Immunization, Within Past Year (Objective # 14.29a) Ages 65 years 62% 59% 67% 64% 61% Pneumococcal Immunization, Ever Had (Objective # 14.29b) Ages 65 years 58% 57% 61% 59% 63% 97% 90% 70% 33% (> 50%) 50% 80% 90% 90% Access to Health Care Health Insurance (Objective # 1.1) Ages 18 years 86% 84% 84% 83% 83% 100% Specific Source of Ongoing Primary Care (Objective #1.4c) Ages 18 years 77% 77% 77% 79% 79% 96% 1 Healthy People 2010 is designed to achieve two overarching goals: 1. Increase quality and years of healthy life, 2. Eliminate health disparities. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition, Washington DC:U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000. 2 In some cases, BRFSS definitions of objectives differ slightly from those in Healthy People 2010. See Healthy People 2010 for the exact definition of the objective. Data were not collected in that year. ( ) Original target prior to 2005 Midcourse Review Met Year 2010 target. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health Publication No. DPH06/101HW 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 47 Data Tables 48 Tota l Sex Ma l e Fem ale Ra c e /Ethnic ity W h i te N H BlackNH His panic Oth e r Age 18-24 (18-34 Diabetes ) 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 yr 65+ yr Level of Education Les s than High School High School Graduate/GED Som e College College Graduate Incom e Les s than $15,000 $ 1 5 ,0 0 0 -$ 2 4 ,9 9 9 $ 2 5 ,0 0 0 -$ 3 4 ,9 9 9 $ 3 5 ,0 0 0 -$ 4 9 ,9 9 9 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 -$ 7 4 ,9 9 9 $75,000 or m ore Health Insurance Health Ins urance No Health Ins urance Obesity (BMI => 30) N= 5 8 0 0 n % 95% CI n 1610 26.5 24.9-28.2 658 Diabetes N=6 0 6 4 % 95% CI 8.3 7.5-9.3 Asthm a N=6 0 3 1 n % 95% CI 479 7.3 6.4-8.4 Coronary Heart Arthritis High Blood Pressure Dis e a s e N= 5 9 8 2 N=5 9 6 8 N=6 0 0 1 n % 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI 2152 25.8 24.3-27.2 2132 26.9 25.4-28.4 312 3.7 3.1-4.3 Cigarette Sm oking N= 6 0 3 2 n % 95% CI 1252 22.1 20.6-23.7 511 25.7 23.1-28.6 229 8.8 7.3-10.4 100 5.5 4.2-7.2 619 22.3 20.0-24.7 715 27.0 24.5-29.5 126 4.2 3.3-5.3 503 25.1 22.4-27.9 1099 27.3 25.4-29.3 429 7.9 6.9-9.1 379 9.1 7.9-10.4 1533 29.1 27.3-30.9 1417 26.8 25.1-28.6 186 3.1 2.6-3.8 749 19.3 17.7-21.1 995 23.8 22.0-25.7 399 7.3 522 32.8 29.3-36.4 211 10.9 19 10.3 31 12.3 7.5-19.6 22 6.4 6.3-8.3 328 7.6 8.9-13.3 117 7.1 4.8-20.9 12 4.2 3.7-10.9 17 7.2 6.4-8.9 1569 27.4 25.7-29.1 1431 26.3 24.6-28.0 251 4.5 5.5-9.1 469 25.3 22.2-28.6 602 32.6 29.3-36.1 49 2.6 1.9-9.2 33 11.3 6.9-18.1 31 11.1 6.9-17.3 2 0.5 3.6-13.9 63 18.4 12.7-25.9 52 15.5 10.5-22.3 8 1.8 3 .8 -5 .3 1 .7 -4 .0 0 .1 -1 .8 0 .7 -4 .4 923 24.3 22.5-26.2 267 19.6 16.6-23.0 39 16.0 10.5-23.5 63 22.6 16.6-30.0 19 1.8 1.0-3.2 28 8.9 199 23.1 19.5-27.1 63 7.3 305 29.0 25.4-32.9 59 6.8 4.8-9.5 75 6.5 380 29.9 26.7-33.3 111 7.6 6.1-9.5 98 7.0 297 29.4 25.8-33.3 174 17.0 14.0-20.5 92 7.4 364 25.1 22.1-28.4 292 20.7 17.8-23.9 120 7.3 5 .6 -1 3 .9 5 .2 -1 0 .1 4 .8 -8 .6 5 .4 -9 .0 5 .8 -9 .3 5 .9 -9 .1 16 3.8 2.0-7.1 19 4.6 2.7-7.7 0 0.0 97 29.4 23.4-36.3 74 7.1 5.3-9.5 68 7.8 5.7-10.7 6 0.8 0.3-2.2 212 24.4 20.7-28.6 210 21.4 17.9-25.4 201 21.7 18.3-25.5 18 2.0 1.1-3.7 254 23.1 19.9-26.5 428 32.5 29.3-35.8 419 32.5 29.2-36.0 37 3.5 2.4-5.2 329 24.9 21.9-28.1 527 45.6 41.7-49.5 513 47.5 43.6-51.5 64 6.0 4.4-8.1 200 18.8 15.9-22.1 884 56.5 53.1-59.9 897 61.6 58.3-64.8 184 12.4 10.3-15.0 152 9.1 7.5-10.9 284 27.9 23.1-33.2 186 15.3 12.4-18.8 108 8.4 571 29.2 26.0-32.5 202 7.0 5.8-8.4 141 6.7 400 28.5 25.3-32.0 157 9.8 7.7-12.5 108 7.8 353 21.6 19.1-24.4 113 5.7 4.4-7.4 122 7.2 6 .3 -1 1 .1 5 .1 -8 .8 6 .1 -9 .9 5 .6 -9 .2 504 39.7 34.7-44.9 496 42.0 36.8-47.4 74 5.0 659 24.0 21.6-26.6 711 27.6 25.0-30.5 102 3.6 516 28.1 25.1-31.4 475 26.2 23.3-29.3 68 3.3 467 20.0 17.7-22.4 442 20.2 17.9-22.7 68 3.5 3 .6 -7 .0 2 .7 -4 .7 2 .4 -4 .7 2 .6 -4 .6 260 33.7 28.9-39.0 462 27.2 24.1-30.6 332 23.2 20.2-26.4 196 11.2 9.3-13.3 283 36.0 30.9-41.5 161 17.7 14.3-21.8 111 15.4 11.6-20.1 441 45.6 40.3-51.0 422 44.2 39.0-49.5 87 8.4 6.1-11.4 217 30.6 25.9-35.7 286 28.2 23.9-32.9 136 10.3 8.0-13.1 91 8.0 5.9-10.8 383 30.2 25.9-34.8 388 30.7 26.5-35.2 55 3.4 2.5-4.8 274 30.8 26.5-35.4 189 28.9 24.0-34.4 63 8.6 6.1-12.0 50 8.7 6.0-12.5 235 26.2 22.0-31.0 221 27.7 23.1-32.8 32 3.7 2.3-5.9 156 27.8 22.8-33.5 219 28.2 24.0-32.8 78 8.3 5.9-11.5 50 6.8 4.7-9.8 237 23.5 20.0-27.4 241 24.0 20.5-27.9 32 3.2 2.0-5.0 173 24.6 20.7-29.0 208 23.9 20.4-27.9 60 7.3 5.1-10.3 47 5.1 3.4-7.6 232 22.0 18.8-25.5 226 24.3 20.8-28.2 27 2.8 1.6-4.8 144 16.6 13.2-20.6 239 23.0 19.3-27.1 49 3.7 2.6-5.2 57 5.0 3.3-7.4 262 17.7 15.2-20.5 262 18.8 16.1-21.8 30 2.6 1.8-4.0 142 14.6 11.5-18.3 1358 26.0 24.2-27.8 592 8.8 7.8-9.9 411 7.5 6.5-8.6 1921 27.1 25.6-28.8 1886 28.3 26.6-30.0 287 4.0 3.4-4.7 922 18.2 16.8-19.8 252 30.0 25.1-35.3 64 5.9 4.1-8.6 67 6.4 4.5-8.9 228 18.9 15.7-22.7 244 20.2 17.0-23.9 25 2.0 1.1-3.3 327 41.9 36.7-47.3 Data Tables 5+ Servings Fr uits /V e ge ta ble s Physical Inactivity Per Day Binge Drinking N= 6 0 6 0 N= 5 9 7 2 N=5 9 7 7 n % 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI Total 1847 27.2 25.5-28.8 1434 23.2 21.7-24.8 501 12.0 10.7-13.4 Sex Male 523 22.9 20.4-25.6 390 19.6 17.3-22.1 313 18.6 16.2-21.2 Fem ale 1324 31.2 29.2-33.2 1044 26.7 24.8-28.7 188 5.7 4.8-6.8 Ra c e /Ethnic ity W h i te N H 1227 25.1 23.4-26.9 1014 23.0 21.3-24.8 361 12.5 11.0-14.1 BlackNH 497 31.4 27.9-35.1 322 23.5 20.3-27.1 116 11.5 8.9-14.8 H is panic 13 12.1 6.1-22.6 O th e r 59 23.5 15.5-34.0 53 21.9 15.6-29.9 11 9.6 4.8-18.1 Age 18-24 79 19.5 14.9-25.0 85 22.7 17.7-28.5 55 17.2 12.7-22.8 25-34 212 25.9 21.8-30.6 166 21.0 17.4-25.3 122 18.0 14.5-22.0 35-44 (40-44 Mam m ogram ) 279 26.8 23.3-30.7 224 20.1 17.1-23.5 113 13.4 10.6-16.9 45-54 (50-54 Sigm oidos copy/Colonos co 350 24.5 21.7-27.5 299 25.7 22.5-29.1 117 10.3 8.3-12.7 55-64 yr (45-64 Mam m ogram ) 350 33.0 29.2-36.9 264 23.5 20.4-26.8 50 5.9 4.3-8.2 65+ yr 571 36.3 33.1-39.6 386 28.6 25.4-31.9 41 2.9 1.9-4.3 Level of Education Les s than High School 462 44.7 39.3-50.3 139 16.3 12.6-20.8 42 10.4 6.8-15.5 H igh School Graduate/GED 673 31.7 28.6-34.9 391 20.3 17.7-23.2 158 12.5 10.2-15.2 Som e College 386 25.2 22.1-28.5 368 24.8 21.7-28.1 140 12.1 9.7-14.9 C ollege Graduate 315 16.4 14.2-19.0 533 27.9 25.2-30.8 161 12.0 9.9-14.4 Incom e Les s than $15,000 391 50.1 44.6-55.5 142 19.9 15.4-25.2 38 7.7 5.1-11.6 $ 1 5 ,0 0 0 -$ 2 4 ,9 9 9 393 36.9 32.2-41.8 201 18.5 15.1-22.4 72 12.2 8.8-16.7 $ 2 5 ,0 0 0 -$ 3 4 ,9 9 9 199 32.9 27.4-39.0 159 23.7 19.2-28.8 62 12.8 9.1-17.7 $ 3 5 ,0 0 0 -$ 4 9 ,9 9 9 212 25.6 21.7-30.0 197 22.5 18.8-26.7 82 11.8 9.2-15.0 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 -$ 7 4 ,9 9 9 171 20.3 16.7-24.3 217 24.7 20.9-28.8 79 11.4 8.6-14.9 $75,000 or m ore 178 13.3 11.1-15.9 306 25.1 21.8-28.6 127 14.5 11.7-17.8 Health Insurance H ealth Ins urance 1534 25.8 24.1-27.5 1275 24.2 22.6-25.9 413 11.3 10.0-12.7 N o H ealth Ins urance 309 33.6 28.8-38.8 158 18.6 15.0-22.9 87 15.3 11.7-19.8 Frequent Mental Distress (14+ Days Poor Mental Health in Last Month) N=5 9 4 5 n % 95% CI 714 11.1 10.0-12.3 181 8.4 6 .9 -1 0 .1 533 13.7 12.3-15.3 463 1 0 .4 9 .3 -1 1 .7 196 1 2 .0 9 .7 -1 4 .7 31 1 3 .5 8 .8 -2 0 .3 46 1 1 .5 8 .1 -1 6 .1 112 1 2 .1 9 .4 -1 5 .4 137 12.2 10.0-14.8 162 1 0 .9 9 .0 -1 3 .1 127 1 0 .8 8 .8 -1 3 .3 127 8.1 6 .3 -1 0 .4 156 18.4 14.5-23.2 234 1 1 .1 9 .3 -1 3 .1 181 12.9 10.7-15.5 143 6.8 5 .6 -8 .3 173 23.5 19.2-28.3 137 14.6 11.7-18.1 88 14.7 11.0-19.3 91 9.6 7 .5 -1 2 .1 70 9.0 6 .6 -1 2 .3 61 5.3 3 .9 -7 .2 559 1 0 .3 9 .2 -1 1 .5 154 15.2 12.2-18.8 Sigm oidoscopy or Mam m ogram in Past Pap Test in Past 3 Colonoscopy, Adults 2 Years, W om en 40+ Years, W om en 18+ 50+ N= 2 7 8 9 N= 2 4 3 8 N= 3 0 1 7 n % 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI 2117 75.4 73.2-77.6 2115 86.9 84.7-88.8 1830 62.0 59.7-64.2 631 63.5 59.5-67.2 1199 60.8 58.0-63.5 1521 76.2 73.7-78.5 1399 87.2 84.7-89.4 1406 61.5 58.9-64.0 489 74.0 68.5-78.9 587 87.4 82.8-91.0 333 61.2 55.6-66.6 158 79.9 71.0-86.6 455 90.5 85.1-94.1 237 62.3 56.0-68.2 481 89.5 85.5-92.4 422 89.3 85.4-92.2 256 46.3 41.0-51.6 1142 79.7 76.8-82.3 283 88.9 84.3-92.3 624 64.5 60.6-68.2 738 77.0 73.2-80.5 301 75.4 69.6-80.4 950 69.8 66.6-72.8 339 67.8 61.3-73.6 204 73.6 64.2-81.3 314 54.6 49.2-59.8 670 72.6 68.2-76.5 585 82.1 77.2-86.2 555 58.5 54.2-62.7 505 74.6 70.0-78.7 566 86.0 81.4-89.7 423 61.3 56.4-65.9 600 83.1 79.5-86.2 758 95.2 92.9-96.8 534 70.2 66.0-74.1 301 62.6 56.2-68.5 234 82.7 76.7-87.4 260 53.7 47.8-59.5 326 67.9 61.8-73.4 319 82.0 75.3-87.1 279 54.6 48.5-60.5 229 68.1 58.5-76.3 247 81.5 71.2-88.8 208 61.1 53.9-67.8 250 77.6 70.9-83.1 304 89.3 83.6-93.2 224 64.1 57.2-70.4 261 82.6 77.0-87.1 315 92.8 86.0-96.4 218 63.1 56.7-69.1 369 84.8 80.5-88.4 439 95.7 91.7-97.8 315 70.6 65.3-75.4 1974 79.5 77.3-81.6 1826 90.0 87.9-91.7 1745 64.9 62.5-67.2 141 42.3 35.2-49.7 286 72.3 64.8-78.7 83 32.1 25.0-40.2 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 49 Data Tables 50 Tota l Sex Male Fem ale Ra c e /Ethnic ity W h i te N H BlackNH His panic Oth e r Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 yr 65+ yr Level of Education Les s than High School High School Graduate/GED Som e College College Graduate Incom e Les s than $15,000 $ 1 5 ,0 0 0 -$ 2 4 ,9 9 9 $ 2 5 ,0 0 0 -$ 3 4 ,9 9 9 $ 3 5 ,0 0 0 -$ 4 9 ,9 9 9 $ 5 0 ,0 0 0 -$ 7 4 ,9 9 9 $75,000 or m ore Health Insurance Health Ins urance No Health Ins urance Influe nz a Pnuem onia Cholesterol Check in Vaccination, Adults Vaccination, Adults Past 5 Years HIV Test 65+ 65+ No Health Insurance Dis a bility N= 5 8 3 3 N= 4 2 6 6 N= 1 4 8 5 N= 1 4 4 8 N= 6 0 5 2 N= 6 0 1 9 n % 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI 4733 74.4 72.6-76.2 1935 48.4 46.2-50.5 881 60.8 57.4-64.1 902 62.5 59.2-65.8 834 16.6 15.1-18.2 1557 20.1 18.8-21.5 1589 72.5 69.4-75.4 646 46.5 43.0-50.0 286 63.9 58.0-69.3 274 62.7 57.0-68.1 296 17.9 15.3-20.7 478 19.1 16.9-21.4 3144 76.2 74.1-78.2 1289 50.2 47.7-52.7 595 58.7 54.7-62.7 628 62.4 58.3-66.4 538 15.3 13.7-17.1 1079 21.1 19.6-22.8 3343 76.1 74.0-78.0 1150 41.9 39.4-44.4 751 64.5 61.1-67.9 777 67.7 64.3-71.0 486 13.0 11.5-14.6 1132 21.5 19.9-23.1 1107 73.3 69.5-76.8 654 62.7 58.6-66.5 92 45.2 36.0-54.8 81 40.7 31.5-50.5 267 20.5 17.4-23.9 341 19.5 16.7-22.7 13 90.6 72.3-97.2 15 94.5 78.2-98.8 26 10.2 5.8-17.1 18 70.1 51.6-83.8 20 71.1 51.1-85.3 47 15.0 10.2-21.5 129 40.8 33.7-48.3 173 47.7 40.8-54.8 105 34.1 27.6-41.2 35 12.3 8.3-17.9 492 58.6 53.8-63.3 508 61.7 56.9-66.3 160 19.8 16.0-24.3 94 9.8 7.7-12.6 761 77.4 73.9-80.5 567 57.6 53.6-61.6 171 15.1 12.5-18.1 184 17.5 14.5-21.0 1040 86.0 83.4-88.3 473 40.4 36.8-44.0 202 14.3 12.0-16.8 284 20.4 17.8-23.3 963 93.1 91.0-94.8 214 22.7 19.4-26.3 147 12.8 10.4-15.6 362 30.7 27.3-34.3 1317 93.9 92.2-95.3 881 60.8 57.4-64.1 902 62.5 59.2-65.8 43 2.6 1.7-3.8 591 38.0 34.8-41.4 662 66.1 59.9-71.7 189 46.1 38.5-53.9 221 47.0 40.7-53.4 239 51.0 44.5-57.5 206 29.9 24.9-35.5 410 35.4 30.6-40.5 1404 68.8 65.3-72.2 587 48.1 44.2-52.1 274 63.4 57.4-69.0 274 63.2 57.1-68.8 343 24.4 21.1-28.0 479 19.2 16.9-21.7 1172 74.4 70.8-77.8 543 51.0 47.0-55.0 177 65.9 57.8-73.2 179 69.7 62.5-76.0 192 13.6 11.3-16.3 349 20.9 18.2-23.9 1483 83.4 80.5-85.9 616 47.3 43.7-50.8 205 71.2 64.5-77.1 205 70.4 63.3-76.6 91 5.3 4.0-6.9 315 14.1 12.1-16.3 569 70.3 64.5-75.4 208 61.3 54.2-67.9 157 43.2 36.5-50.1 190 55.6 48.4-62.6 198 31.2 26.1-36.7 405 44.9 39.7-50.3 714 62.2 56.9-67.2 329 53.8 47.9-59.5 175 64.3 57.0-70.9 173 62.3 54.7-69.3 234 31.2 26.5-36.2 313 26.8 22.8-31.2 501 67.4 60.9-73.4 228 47.5 40.9-54.1 94 63.0 52.9-72.1 99 63.9 53.6-73.1 115 24.0 18.7-30.2 151 21.6 17.3-26.6 643 76.8 72.4-80.7 295 50.8 45.5-56.1 100 69.7 60.1-77.9 103 73.9 64.6-81.4 84 11.5 8.8-14.9 156 16.2 13.3-19.7 675 79.3 74.7-83.2 310 50.2 45.2-55.3 73 69.9 58.0-79.6 66 63.5 51.4-74.1 53 8.2 5.4-12.3 125 13.1 10.5-16.1 975 84.8 81.2-87.9 400 43.4 39.2-47.8 67 75.2 64.5-83.5 65 75.2 63.4-84.1 33 5.6 3.3-9.2 149 12.0 9.6-14.8 4270 79.1 77.3-80.9 1557 47.7 45.4-50.0 862 61.2 57.8-64.5 884 63.1 59.7-66.4 456 50.6 45.1-56.1 375 51.3 45.8-56.8 19 47.0 28.7-66.2 18 50.5 31.0-69.8 1366 20.8 19.4-22.4 191 16.9 13.7-20.6 Methods Georgia has been conducting the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) since 1984. In 2005, approximately 420 interviews were completed by Georgia residents each month by telephone about health conditions, behaviors, and the use of preventive services. The total sample size was 6,064. The average monthly cooperation rate for 2005 was 73%. The 2005 BRFSS used a Disproportionate Stratified Sample (DSS) design. Telephone numbers were classified into two strata based on the presumed density of residential telephone numbers. Telephone numbers in the high-density strata were sampled at a higher rate than numbers in the low-density strata. The sample was further stratified to yield approximately equal numbers of respondents in each of the 18 Health Districts in Georgia (see pages 4 and 5). The 2005 BRFSS questionnaire covered a range of topics on health behaviors and conditions. This report contains selected chronic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, asthma, arthritis, high blood pressure and coronary heart disease. The risk behaviors are cigarette smoking, physical inactivity, inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, binge drinking and frequent mental distress. Preventive practices included in the survey are mamography, pap test, colorectal cancer screenings, cholesterol screening, HIV/AIDS testing and influenza and pneumonia vaccination. Participation in the survey was random, anonymous, and confidential. Respondents were randomly selected from among the adult members of the non-institutional households in Georgia. Trained interviewers administered the questionnaire, and data were entered during the interview via computer using CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) software. Households without telephones (approximately 8% of households in Georgia) and households that use cellular telephones only are not represented in the sampling frame. At the end of the year, data from the monthly surveys were compiled and weighted to represent the age-, race/ethnicity-, and sex-distribution of the adult population in Georgia and to compensate for an individual's probability of selection. Weighting also adjusts for non-response to the extent that non-responders are similar to responders. Estimates for the Public Health Districts were weighted to the age-, race-, and sex-specific population of the district. Included in this report are district estimates by selected demographic characteristics (age, race and sex). BRFSS data from 2000 to 2005 were aggregated in order to increase the sample size and reduce the statistical variability of demographic estimates. The sample size in 2000 was 4,114, in 2001 was 4,532, in 2002 was 5,065, in 2003 was 7,651 and in 2004 was 5,044. Analysis for this report was performed using statistical software that accounts for the complex survey sample design, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all estimates. Significant differences among demographic groups were identified by comparing confidence intervals of the prevalence estimates. Data is not reported when the half-width of the 95% confidence interval of the prevalence estimate is greater than 10%. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 51 52 Sample & Population Demographic Distribution Table Total Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other Age 18-24 yr 25-34 yr 35-44 yr 45-54 yr 55-64 yr 65+ yr Level of Education Less than High School High School Graduate/GED Some College College Graduate Income Less than $15,000 15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Health Insurance Health Coverage No Health Coverage N 6064 2053 4011 4244 1438 140 200 347 831 1032 1253 1065 1494 914 1892 1487 1757 781 988 664 804 825 1128 5218 834 Sample % Population Weighted % 6,565,756 33.9 3,200,337 48.7 66.1 3,365,419 51.3 70.5 4,116,562 63.2 23.9 1,825,068 28.0 2.3 249,676 3.8 3.3 325,006 5.0 5.8 904,314 13.9 13.8 1,342,710 20.6 17.1 1,396,249 21.4 20.8 1,184,267 18.1 17.7 832,697 12.8 24.8 869,229 13.3 15.1 838,819 12.8 31.3 2,100,649 32.0 24.6 1,604,748 24.5 29.0 2,011,857 30.7 15.1 561,612 9.9 19.0 998,263 17.6 12.8 700,080 12.4 15.5 918,024 16.2 15.9 960,900 17.0 21.7 1,528,470 27.0 86.2 5,460,964 83.4 13.8 1,084,397 16.6 Definitions Chronic Conditions Obesity: Adults with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 30.0. BMI is measured as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Diabetes: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor that they have diabetes. Asthma: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that they have asthma and still have asthma. Arthritis: Adults who have been told by a doctor or other health professional that they have some form of arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, lupus, or fibromyalgia. High Blood Pressure: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that they have high blood pressure. Coronary Heart Disease: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor, nurse or other health professional that they have angina or coronary heart disease. Risk Behaviors Cigarette Smoking: Adults who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and who are current smokers. Physical Inactivity: Adults who did not participate in any physical activities or exercise during leisure time in the past 30 days. Fruit & Vegetable Consumption: Adults who consume less than five servings of fruits or vegetables per day. Binge Drinking: Adults who have had 5 or more drinks on an occasion during the past 30 days. Frequent Mental Distress: Adults who self-report that he/she has been under stress, depressed and have had problems with emotions for 14 or more days during the past 30 days. Preventive Practices Mammography: Adult women, age 40 and older, who had a mammogram within the past two years. 2005GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 53 54 Preventive Practices Pap Test: Adult women, who have not had a hysterectomy, who had a Pap smear within the past three years. Colorectal Cancer Screenings (Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy): Adults aged 50+ who have had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Cholesterol Screening: Adults who have ever had blood cholesterol checked within the past five years. HIV/AIDS Testing: Adults, age 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV. Influenza Vaccination: Adults, age 65 and older, who have had a flu shot within the past 12 months. Pneumonia Vaccination: Adults, age 65 and older, who have ever had a pneumonia vaccination. Disability: Adults who have activity limitation because of physical, mental, or emotional problems or who require the use of special equipment, such as a cane, wheelchair, special bed, or special telephone. Demographics Race/Ethnicity: Race/ethnicity is based on responses to questions about race and Hispanic origin. Hispanics may be of any race; white, black and other exclude persons who reported they were Hispanic. Other includes multiracial and all race categories other than black or white or Hispanic ethnicity. Income: Self-reported annual household income from all sources. Health Insurance: Adults who have no health insurance. Education: Highest grade or year of school completed.