2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT Acknowledgments Georgia Department of Human Resources Division of Public Health Epidemiology Branch Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section Georgia BRFSS B.J. Walker, Commissioner Stuart T. Brown, M.D., Director Susan Lance, D.V.M., Ph.D., Director John Horan, M.D., M.P.H., Chief Leah Bryan, Coordinator Shani Thompson, Epidemiologist The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is supported in part through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement U58/CCU422885. Without the cooperation and participation of the Georgia residents who completed the telephone survey the BRFSS would not be possible. Cover photos courtesy of Georgia Department of Industry, Trade and Tourism. Graphic Design: Jimmy Clanton, Jr. Suggested Citation: Bryan L, Thompson S, Patel M, Kanny D. 2004 Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Report. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section, January 2006. Publication number DPH06/008HW. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 3 Table of Contents 4 Introduction ................................................................................................... 5 Obesity .......................................................................................................... 6 Diabetes ........................................................................................................ 8 Asthma .......................................................................................................... 10 Cigarette Smoking .......................................................................................... 12 Physical Activity .............................................................................................. 14 Binge Drinking ................................................................................................ 16 Firearms ........................................................................................................ 18 Suicide .......................................................................................................... 20 Mammography ................................................................................................ 22 Pap Test ......................................................................................................... 24 Colorectal Cancer Screening ............................................................................. 26 (Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy) Influenza Vaccination ....................................................................................... 28 Pneumonia Vaccination .................................................................................... 30 HIV/AIDS Testing ............................................................................................ 32 Health Insurance ............................................................................................. 34 Disability ........................................................................................................ 36 Healthy People 2010 Table ................................................................................ 38 Data tables .................................................................................................... 40 Methods ......................................................................................................... 43 Definitions ...................................................................................................... 45 Introduction The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a primary source of information on the major health risk behaviors and the use of clinical preventive services among adult Georgians. This report presents BRFSS data for Georgia and for the 18 public health districts overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, age group, income and access to medical care. For the state, all estimates are based on the 2004 BRFSS survey. For the 18 health districts, survey data from 2000 through 2004 have been aggregated to increase the sample size and improve the accuracy and precision of the estimates. For each of the risk factors in this report national Healthy People 2010 objectives have been identified. These objectives represent targets to be reached by the year 2010 and support the overarching goals of Healthy People 2010 to increase the quality and years of healthy life and eliminate disparities. Georgia Public Health Districts District 1-1, Northwest (Rome) District 1-2, North Georgia (Dalton) District 2, North (Gainsville) District 3-1, Cobb/Douglas District 3-2, Fulton District 3-3, Clayton (Marrow) District 3-4, East Metro (Lawrenceville) District 3-5, DeKalb District 4, LaGrange District 5-1, South Central (Dublin) District 5-2, North Central (Macon) District 6, East Central (Augusta) District 7, West Central (Columbus) District 8-1, South (Valdosta) District 8-2, Southwest (Albany) District 9-1, Coastal (Savannah/Brunswick) District 9-2, Southeast (Waycross) District 10, Northeast (Athens) Counties Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Dade, Floyd, Gordon, Haralson, Paulding, Polk, Walker Cherokee, Fannin, Gilmer, Murray, Pickens, Whitfield Banks, Dawson, Forsyth, Franklin, Habersham, Hall, Hart, Lumpkin, Rabun, Stephens, Towns, Union, White Cobb, Douglas Fulton Clayton Gwinnett, Newton, Rockdale DeKalb Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Fayette, Heard, Henry, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Bleckley, Dodge, Johnson, Laurens, Montgomery, Pulaski, Telfair, Treutlen, Wheeler, Wilcox Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Hancock, Houston, Jasper, Jones, Monroe, Peach, Putnam, Twiggs, Washington, Wilkinson Burke, Columbia, Emanuel, Glascock, Jefferson, Jenkins, Lincoln, McDuffie, Richmond, Screven, Taliaferro, Warren, Wilkes Chattahoochee, Clay, Crisp, Dooly, Harris, Macon, Muscogee, Marion, Quitman, Randolph, Schely, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taylor, Webster Ben Hill, Berrien, Brooks, Cook, Echols, Irwin, Lanier, Lowndes, Tift, Turner Baker, Calhoun, Colquitt, Dougherty, Decatur, Early, Grady, Lee, Miller, Mitchell, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, Worth Chatham, Effingham, Bryan, Camden, Glynn, Liberty, Long, McIntosh Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Brantley, Bulloch, Candler, Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Evans, Jeff Davis, Pierce, Tattnall, Toombs, Ware, Wayne Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Madison, Morgan, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 5 Obesity 6 Percent of Obese Adults, by Sex, Georgia 2004 An estimated 6,700 Georgians now die 50 every year because they are overweight or obese, 40 approximately 10% of all deaths. Obesity is a risk 30 factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart 20 disease, gall bladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep 10 apnea, respiratory problems, and some types of 25.1 24.4 cancer. Obesity is also associated with high blood 0 Male Female cholesterol and high blood pressure. The risk of Sex these conditions can be reduced by weight loss. Recommendations for weight loss and weight maintenance include reducing calories and increasing physical activity. Percent of Obese Adults, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 50 Obesity is defined as body mass index (BMI) 40 of 30.0 or more where 30 BMI= weight (kg)/height (m2) 20 Obese Adults, Georgia 2004: 24.7% 10 22.6 0 White 32.1 Black 17.2 Race/Ethnicity Hispanic 18.0 Other Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Obese Adults, by Income, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 33.1 0 Less than $15,000 28.0 $15,000$24,999 30.0 30.5 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,999 Income 20.5 $50,000$74,999 17.1 $75,000 or more Percent of Obese Adults, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 23.1 0 Health Coverage 29.4 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Healthy People 2010 Objective: 15% Obesity among adult Georgians is significantly more prevalent in blacks than whites. Obesity is more common in adults who have incomes less than $50,000 and those who have no health coverage. Percent Percent of Obese Adults, by Age, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 16.1 23.4 27.0 28.6 32.5 21.1 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Obese Adults by Sex, Race and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2004 Obe sity Tota l Sex Ra ce Age Male Female W hite Bla ck 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI Ge orgia 25178 23.6 22.9-24.3 23.1 22.0-24.3 24.0 23.1-24.9 21.0 20.3-21.8 31.1 29.5-32.7 21.6 20.6-22.6 28.7 27.4-30.0 20.6 19.2-22.2 1-1 1281 26.1 23.3-29.0 27.9 23.6-32.7 24.2 20.9-27.9 24.9 22.1-28.1 NA NA 24.2 20.3-28.5 31.2 26.5-36.3 22.4 16.8-29.2 1-2 1101 21.0 18.1-24.1 22.8 18.3-28.1 19.0 15.8-22.8 21.2 18.2-24.5 NA NA 19.7 15.7-24.5 25.6 21.0-30.8 14.3 9.5-20.8 2-0 1750 22.5 19.6-25.6 24.9 20.2-30.2 20.0 17.2-23.2 21.1 18.6-23.9 NA NA 20.8 17.3-24.8 29.1 23.2-35.8 16.2 12.0-21.6 3-1 1167 20.4 17.8-23.3 23.4 19.2-28.1 17.4 14.4-20.9 19.8 16.9-23.2 21.9 15.9-29.3 19.3 15.9-23.2 22.0 17.5-27.4 23.5 16.3-32.6 3-2 1094 19.9 17.1-22.9 17.3 13.3-22.2 22.3 18.8-26.3 12.2 9.2-16.1 29.7 24.8-35.2 17.4 14.1-21.4 25.9 20.4-32.2 15.5 9.9-23.5 3-3 987 24.3 21.2-27.7 20.3 16.0-25.6 28.1 23.9-32.8 21.6 16.6-27.7 28.2 23.8-33.0 23.0 19.0-27.5 29.2 23.5-35.6 20.4 12.6-31.2 3-4 1135 18.6 16.2-21.3 21.2 17.5-25.5 15.9 13.1-19.2 18.1 15.4-21.3 24.0 17.9-31.3 14.7 11.9-18.2 26.3 21.6-31.6 23.0 16.0-31.8 3-5 1122 20.5 17.5-23.8 19.6 14.8-25.5 21.4 18.1-25.1 16.2 12.8-20.4 26.8 21.8-32.4 19.1 15.1-23.8 20.7 16.4-25.7 28.1 20.3-37.5 4-0 1171 24.1 21.2-27.2 23.7 19.2-28.8 24.4 21.0-28.2 21.9 18.9-25.3 34.8 26.7-43.8 23.4 19.3-28.1 26.8 22.2-31.9 20.8 14.5-28.8 5-1 1709 29.1 26.2-32.1 28.2 23.8-33.1 30.0 26.5-33.6 27.1 23.8-30.6 35.6 29.6-42.1 25.4 21.6-29.7 35.9 30.6-41.5 27.8 22.1-34.2 5-2 1213 27.7 24.8-30.8 24.3 20.1-29.1 30.9 27.1-35.0 25.3 21.8-29.2 33.5 28.1-39.4 25.8 21.6-30.4 34.3 29.2-39.8 22.4 17.2-28.6 6-0 1730 26.7 24.2-29.4 26.1 22.2-30.5 27.3 24.1-30.7 22.3 19.3-25.6 35.0 30.2-40.1 26.8 23.2-30.7 28.4 24.1-33.2 21.2 16.4-26.9 7-0 1240 24.2 21.5-27.2 20.8 16.6-25.6 27.6 24.2-31.3 20.9 17.3-24.9 29.7 25.1-34.7 22.2 18.3-26.6 31.9 27.0-37.2 17.1 12.5-23.1 8-1 1070 27.9 24.9-31.2 22.4 18.0-27.6 33.3 29.1-37.7 24.7 21.1-28.6 38.3 31.5-45.6 25.4 21.1-30.2 36.4 30.9-42.2 22.5 16.9-29.4 8-2 1732 29.5 26.8-32.3 26.3 22.6-30.4 32.4 28.7-36.3 26.2 23.0-29.5 36.3 31.5-41.3 28.7 24.8-33.0 33.3 28.8-38.1 25.2 20.0-31.3 9-1 2362 23.1 21.1-25.2 21.2 18.3-24.5 24.9 22.3-27.6 20.2 17.9-22.6 32.0 27.5-36.8 22.0 19.2-25.0 27.0 23.7-30.7 19.9 15.7-24.9 9-2 1751 29.0 26.3-31.8 30.0 25.9-34.5 27.9 24.5-31.6 26.9 24.0-30.0 36.0 29.1-43.6 27.1 23.2-31.3 32.7 28.3-37.3 27.9 22.0-34.7 10-0 1563 23.7 21.1-26.4 24.9 21.0-29.2 22.5 19.3-26.0 19.7 17.1-22.5 45.0 37.3-52.9 21.8 18.4-25.6 30.0 25.4-35.0 18.7 13.4-25.4 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 7 Cigarette Smoking Complications of diabetes include heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, amputations, nerve problems, dental disease, and susceptibility to infections. Obesity and physical inactivity are two of the most important preventable risk factors for developing diabetes. Risk factors for complications due to diabetes include glucose levels outside of the normal range, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, poor diet and lack of physical activity. Management of diabetes involves controlling blood glucose levels through diet and insulin regulation, monitoring blood glucose levels, and regular foot and eye exams by health care professionals. Adults with Diabetes, Georgia 2004: 7.3% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 2.5% Adults who are age 55 and older are significantly more likely to have diabetes than those 4554. Percent Percent Percent Percent Diabetes 8 Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Sex, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 7.6 0 Male 7.0 Female Sex Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 6.8 0 White 9.8 Black 2.4 Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 4.3 Other Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Income, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 16.1 10.2 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 6.6 7.2 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 Income 4.2 $50,000-$74,999 3.6 $75,000 or more Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 7.3 0 Health Coverage 7.5 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Percent of Adults with Diabetes, by Age, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 1.3 4.7 8.0 15.4 19.0 0 18-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Percent of Adults with Diabetes by Sex, Race and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2004 Dia be te s Tota l N% Georgia 26362 7.2 1-1 1345 9.2 1-2 1140 7.0 2-0 1819 6.0 3-1 1219 5.5 3-2 1154 4.6 3-3 1049 6.1 3-4 1195 4.9 3-5 1180 4.7 4-0 1225 7.0 5-1 1803 9.5 5-2 1280 8.9 6-0 1803 7.9 7-0 1290 7.9 8-1 1120 10.3 8-2 1814 9.2 9-1 2470 7.8 9-2 1823 9.2 10-0 1633 6.1 95% CI 6.8-7.6 7.5-11.1 5.4-9.0 4.9-7.4 4.2-7.2 3.4-6.2 4.6-8.1 3.8-6.4 3.6-6.2 5.6-8.6 8.0-11.2 7.4-10.7 6.7-9.5 6.5-9.6 8.3-12.7 7.7-10.9 6.7-9.1 7.7-11.0 5.0-7.5 Sex Male Female % 95% CI % 95% CI 6.9 6.4-7.5 7.4 6.9-7.9 11.3 8.6-14.9 7.1 5.5-9.3 8.7 6.1-12.4 5.3 3.9-7.2 6.3 4.5-8.6 5.8 4.4-7.4 6.3 4.4-9.1 4.8 3.2-7.0 3.6 2.2-6.0 5.5 3.8-7.9 5.8 3.8-9.0 6.4 4.3-9.3 4.6 3.1-6.7 5.3 3.7-7.5 4.6 3.1-6.9 4.8 3.4-6.8 6.5 4.5-9.3 7.4 5.7-9.5 9.3 7.2-12.1 9.7 7.7-12.0 7.5 5.3-10.3 10.2 8.1-12.7 7.4 5.5-10.0 8.4 6.8-10.4 6.7 4.8-9.3 9.1 7.2-11.4 9.7 7.1-13.1 10.9 8.0-14.6 7.4 5.5-9.8 10.7 8.6-13.3 6.8 5.2-8.7 8.9 7.3-10.7 9.3 7.0-12.2 9.2 7.4-11.3 6.2 4.5-8.5 6.1 4.7-7.9 Ra ce W hite Bla ck % 95% CI % 95% CI 6.5 6.1-6.9 9.3 8.5-10.2 8.7 7.0-10.9 13.4 7.7-22.4 7.2 5.5-9.4 NA NA 5.4 4.3-6.8 16.8 9.3-28.5 4.7 3.4-6.5 7.9 4.5-13.4 2.1 1.1-3.9 8.0 5.6-11.4 5.7 3.7-8.6 6.6 4.3-10.0 5.8 4.4-7.7 3.9 2.0-7.8 3.9 2.7-5.6 4.9 3.2-7.3 5.6 4.2-7.3 11.7 7.9-17.0 7.9 6.4-9.7 13.6 10.1-18.1 8.2 6.3-10.6 10.8 8.1-14.3 7.5 5.9-9.5 8.6 6.4-11.5 7.5 5.7-9.8 9.4 7.0-12.5 9.0 7.1-11.5 14.0 9.2-20.7 6.9 5.5-8.8 12.5 9.7-16.0 7.4 6.0-9.0 10.3 8.0-13.2 7.5 6.0-9.3 14.4 10.3-19.7 5.2 4.0-6.6 11.3 7.8-16.1 18-44 % 95% CI 2.3 2.0-2.6 3.0 1.6-5.5 2.0 0.8-4.8 0.8 0.3-2.0 3.1 1.8-5.3 2.1 1.1-3.9 1.9 0.8-4.2 1.6 0.9-2.9 1.8 1.0-3.0 2.4 1.5-3.9 2.3 1.4-3.9 3.3 2.0-5.4 2.6 1.6-4.3 2.1 1.2-3.6 3.5 1.7-7.0 3.6 2.5-5.1 2.2 1.4-3.6 2.6 1.6-4.1 2.1 1.3-3.4 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. Age 45-64 65+ % 95% CI % 95% CI 11.3 10.5-12.2 17.9 16.5-19.4 14.6 11.2-18.9 20.8 15.5-27.2 11.5 8.3-15.8 18.6 13.1-25.8 11.4 8.7-14.8 13.8 10.0-18.6 7.9 5.4-11.6 13.8 8.5-21.7 8.6 5.7-12.8 8.2 4.6-14.5 12.7 8.7-18.1 18.5 11.6-28.2 7.9 5.4-11.4 18.6 12.4-26.9 6.3 4.1-9.6 19.6 13.2-28.2 9.7 7.1-13.0 18.9 13.1-26.5 14.6 11.5-18.3 21.4 16.6-27.1 12.4 9.3-16.3 21.4 16.4-27.3 11.1 8.7-14.1 20.6 15.7-26.7 12.2 9.2-16.0 21.1 15.8-27.6 18.4 14.3-23.3 20.9 14.9-28.4 15.0 11.6-19.2 16.2 12.3-21.0 13.1 10.6-16.1 20.3 16.2-25.2 15.7 12.3-19.8 19.8 15.0-25.6 9.6 7.1-12.7 16.4 11.6-22.6 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 9 Asthma 10 Asthma is a disease of the lungs that causes breathing problems or "asthma attacks" and results in more than 9,000 hospitalizations in Georgia each year. The airways of people with asthma tighten abnormally in response to smoke, pollen, dust, air pollution, infection, irritants, allergens, or exercise, leading to difficulty in breathing. While asthma is not often fatal, loss of productivity, high medical costs, and disability are common outcomes for asthma sufferers. Smoking, genetic factors, allergies and some medications can be risk factors for developing asthma and asthma symptoms. Asthma can be effectively controlled by recognizing and avoiding asthma triggers, appropriate management of medication, monitoring lung function, and giving patients tools and education about managing their own care. Percent Percent Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Sex, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 5.2 0 Male 9.5 Female Sex Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 7.1 0 White 8.5 Black Race/Ethnicity 4.6 Hispanic 7.4 Other Percent Percent Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Income, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 16.2 7.6 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 7.9 7.2 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 Income 5.7 $50,000-$74,999 4.5 $75,000 or more Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 7.1 0 Health Coverage 8.2 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Adults with Asthma, Georgia 2004: 7.4% The prevalence of asthma is significantly more common among females than males. Adults with incomes less than $15,000 are more likely to have asthma. Percent Percent of Adults with Asthma, by Age, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 12.2 5.3 6.9 6.4 8.6 7.0 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults with Asthma by Sex, Race and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2004 Asthm a Tota l N% Georgia 26286 7.1 1-1 1342 8.5 1-2 1136 8.3 2-0 1816 6.4 3-1 1217 7.0 3-2 1149 7.3 3-3 1046 7.7 3-4 1193 4.7 3-5 1177 8.3 4-0 1222 7.0 5-1 1797 6.5 5-2 1275 6.9 6-0 1790 6.8 7-0 1291 6.2 8-1 1122 7.0 8-2 1806 8.0 9-1 2465 6.5 9-2 1819 7.4 10-0 1623 7.0 95% CI 6.6-7.5 6.9-10.5 6.3-10.8 5.0-8.1 5.5-8.9 5.5-9.7 5.5-10.8 3.5-6.3 6.5-10.5 5.3-9.1 5.3-8.1 5.5-8.8 5.5-8.3 4.8-8.0 5.5-8.7 6.5-10.0 5.5-7.8 6.1-9.0 5.6-8.7 Sex Male Fe m a le % 95% CI % 95% CI 5.2 4.6-5.9 8.8 8.2-9.5 6.5 4.3-9.6 10.5 8.2-13.2 6.3 3.8-10.4 10.2 7.6-13.6 5.5 3.5-8.5 7.2 5.7-9.2 6.0 4.0-9.0 8.0 6.0-10.6 5.4 3.0-9.7 9.1 6.8-12.1 6.7 3.5-12.4 8.7 6.0-12.4 4.0 2.4-6.4 5.5 3.8-7.8 6.4 3.9-10.3 10.0 7.8-12.8 6.2 4.1-9.3 7.6 5.3-10.9 4.9 3.3-7.4 8.0 6.3-10.2 5.6 3.5-8.8 8.1 6.2-10.5 5.1 3.4-7.7 8.2 6.6-10.3 4.3 2.7-6.9 8.0 6.0-10.6 2.9 1.6-5.3 10.7 8.4-13.5 4.0 2.5-6.1 11.7 9.1-14.9 3.5 2.4-5.1 9.3 7.7-11.3 6.0 4.1-8.5 8.8 7.0-10.9 3.2 1.9-5.1 10.5 8.2-13.4 Ra ce W hite Bla ck % 95% CI % 95% CI 6.8 6.3-7.3 7.9 6.8-9.0 8.9 7.1-11.1 3.2 1.0-10.1 8.2 6.2-10.8 NA NA 6.3 4.8-8.0 11.3 5.0-23.6 7.2 5.5-9.5 5.7 3.1-10.2 4.7 3.1-7.1 11.1 7.6-16.0 8.7 5.4-13.7 7.7 4.7-12.6 4.1 2.9-5.9 7.1 3.6-13.4 8.2 5.9-11.2 8.2 5.6-11.8 6.2 4.7-8.2 8.9 4.2-17.9 6.5 5.0-8.4 6.6 4.4-9.8 6.7 4.9-9.0 7.5 4.9-11.3 7.2 5.5-9.3 6.3 4.3-9.2 6.6 4.8-8.9 6.4 4.1-9.9 6.1 4.6-8.2 9.1 6.0-13.5 7.3 5.6-9.4 9.2 6.3-13.4 7.1 5.7-8.7 5.1 3.5-7.4 7.2 5.8-9.0 7.0 4.1-11.7 7.1 5.5-9.2 6.8 4.1-11.1 18-44 % 95% CI 7.2 6.6-7.9 8.5 6.2-11.7 9.3 6.4-13.3 5.4 3.6-8.2 7.1 5.1-9.8 8.3 5.7-11.9 8.9 5.8-13.6 5.4 3.8-7.8 7.4 5.2-10.4 8.9 6.2-12.6 6.5 4.6-9.1 7.5 5.3-10.4 6.5 4.8-8.9 6.8 4.8-9.6 6.6 4.7-9.1 6.4 4.4-9.1 6.6 5.2-8.5 7.5 5.6-9.9 6.1 4.4-8.3 Age 45-64 % 95% CI 7.1 6.5-7.9 8.1 5.7-11.3 7.3 4.9-10.7 8.0 5.9-10.8 7.2 4.9-10.4 7.1 4.5-10.8 5.9 3.7-9.5 3.2 1.9-5.4 9.0 6.1-13.1 5.0 3.3-7.5 6.6 4.6-9.2 6.4 4.2-9.7 7.9 5.8-10.7 6.4 4.3-9.5 7.7 5.2-11.1 8.8 6.2-12.3 6.3 4.7-8.3 8.5 6.3-11.4 9.2 6.3-13.4 65+ % 95% CI 6.3 5.5-7.3 9.7 6.3-14.8 6.5 3.8-10.9 5.6 3.4-9.1 5.9 2.8-12.2 3.0 1.1-7.7 5.3 2.1-12.7 5.1 1.8-13.5 11.4 6.5-19.2 3.7 2.0-6.8 6.6 4.4-9.9 6.3 3.9-10.1 5.7 3.6-8.9 2.8 1.4-5.6 7.3 4.3-12.1 11.9 7.8-17.8 6.7 4.5-9.8 4.9 3.0-8.0 6.3 3.8-10.2 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 11 Cigarette Smoking 12 50 Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of 40 preventable death in the United States. Tobacco use accounts for 38% of all cancer deaths and 30 82% of all lung cancers in Georgia. Smoking is 20 also associated with illness and death related to 10 heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmo0 nary disease, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and fire. For those who smoke, quitting is always beneficial. At every age group, smokers who quit live longer than those who continue smoking. Policy changes to prevent the 50 initiation of smoking among youth and to reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are 40 also important for reducing the burden of tobacco- 30 related death and disease in Georgia. 20 10 Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, Georgia 2004: 20.0% 0 Healthy People 2010 Objective: 12% The prevalence of cigarette smoking is significantly more common in men, adults with no health coverage and adults younger than age 65. Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Sex, Georgia 2004 22.3 Male Sex 17.8 Female Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 20.3 White 19.4 Black Race/Ethnicity 10.2 Hispanic 24.2 Other Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Income, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 27.7 0 Less than $15,000 26.5 $15,000$24,999 20.7 26.0 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,999 Income 16.7 $50,000$74,999 10.7 $75,000 or more Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 16.3 0 Health Coverage 30.6 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Percent Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, by Age, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 26.5 23.1 18.2 22.5 16.8 11.2 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults who Smoke Cigarettes by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2004 Cigarette Smoking Tota l Sex Race Age Male Female W hite Bla ck 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI Ge orgia 26295 22.6 21.9-23.3 25.3 24.2-26.5 20.1 19.3-20.9 23.8 23.0-24.7 19.6 18.2-21.0 24.6 23.6-25.7 24.2 23.1-25.4 11.1 10.0-12.3 1-1 1339 29.0 26.1-32.1 35.0 30.2-40.2 23.4 20.2-26.9 28.5 25.5-31.7 NA NA 32.9 28.5-37.7 27.6 23.1-32.6 17.5 12.4-24.2 1-2 1134 27.5 24.4-30.8 27.4 22.8-32.7 27.5 23.7-31.8 27.3 24.1-30.8 NA NA 31.2 26.5-36.2 26.1 21.5-31.2 13.9 9.5-19.9 2-0 1814 23.0 20.5-25.8 23.8 19.8-28.3 22.3 19.3-25.7 23.1 20.4-26.0 NA NA 27.4 23.5-31.8 21.8 18.1-26.1 11.0 7.8-15.3 3-1 1214 17.6 15.1-20.4 18.7 14.8-23.4 16.5 13.6-19.9 19.4 16.3-22.8 14.0 9.5-20.1 18.0 14.8-21.9 20.1 15.8-25.3 7.5 4.1-13.3 3-2 1156 17.9 15.4-20.7 21.0 16.8-25.8 15.0 12.2-18.3 16.8 13.5-20.8 19.8 15.7-24.7 18.8 15.4-22.7 19.2 14.8-24.4 9.5 4.5-19.0 3-3 1047 23.9 20.5-27.6 24.1 18.9-30.3 23.6 19.7-28.1 35.1 28.8-41.9 16.1 12.5-20.4 22.6 18.2-27.6 29.8 23.9-36.3 15.6 9.2-25.0 3-4 1193 23.2 20.3-26.3 25.8 21.5-30.6 20.6 16.9-24.8 22.7 19.4-26.4 24.8 17.7-33.6 24.8 20.8-29.2 23.5 19.0-28.7 10.2 5.8-17.5 3-5 1173 19.2 16.4-22.4 22.3 17.6-28.0 16.4 13.6-19.6 20.0 16.0-24.8 19.5 15.3-24.6 20.1 16.2-24.6 20.7 16.3-25.8 9.7 5.5-16.7 4-0 1221 21.6 19.0-24.4 23.9 19.7-28.7 19.4 16.4-22.7 23.7 20.6-27.0 12.7 8.7-18.4 23.6 19.7-27.9 23.3 19.2-28.0 10.2 6.3-15.9 5-1 1800 21.5 19.1-24.0 24.5 20.7-28.8 18.6 15.9-21.6 23.1 20.3-26.3 15.5 11.6-20.3 25.0 21.4-29.0 21.7 17.6-26.4 10.3 7.1-14.6 5-2 1276 24.7 21.9-27.8 26.2 21.6-31.3 23.4 20.2-27.1 25.8 22.2-29.6 22.5 17.8-28.0 27.7 23.4-32.5 27.6 23.1-32.6 10.1 6.8-14.8 6-0 1802 23.5 21.1-26.1 25.3 21.4-29.6 22.0 19.2-25.1 24.1 21.1-27.5 21.2 17.3-25.8 23.9 20.4-27.7 27.6 23.5-32.2 13.0 9.2-17.9 7-0 1286 22.2 19.4-25.2 25.1 20.6-30.2 19.5 16.4-22.9 23.0 19.2-27.3 19.5 15.5-24.2 24.5 20.4-29.2 22.5 18.2-27.4 13.1 8.7-19.2 8-1 1120 25.2 22.1-28.5 29.8 24.8-35.3 20.9 17.5-24.8 27.9 24.1-31.9 17.0 12.2-23.2 29.4 24.9-34.4 23.5 18.7-28.9 12.7 7.8-20.0 8-2 1810 23.6 21.1-26.3 27.0 23.1-31.3 20.6 17.4-24.2 27.3 23.9-31.1 16.1 12.9-19.9 23.6 19.9-27.8 29.9 25.5-34.7 12.3 8.3-17.7 9-1 2462 24.8 22.9-26.9 28.5 25.3-31.9 21.4 19.1-23.9 27.3 24.9-30.0 18.7 15.2-22.9 28.1 25.2-31.1 27.1 23.7-30.8 7.9 5.5-11.1 9-2 1819 26.8 24.2-29.6 32.2 28.0-36.7 21.5 18.5-24.8 26.8 23.9-30.0 24.9 19.0-31.9 30.6 26.7-34.9 29.4 25.0-34.3 8.2 5.4-12.4 10-0 1629 23.6 21.0-26.4 26.7 22.5-31.5 20.7 17.8-23.9 22.8 19.9-26.0 25.4 19.1-33.0 26.7 22.9-30.8 23.9 19.8-28.6 9.5 6.2-14.4 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 13 Physical Activity 14 Georgia ranks 42nd in the nation for adults who participate in leisure time physical activity. Physical activity can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, colon cancer and osteoporosis. Regular physical activity also helps maintain healthy body weight, reduces the risk of falls and fractures, helps prevent back pain, reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression, and enhances quality of life. Benefits can be achieved through regular moderate-intensity activities like walking, housework, and gardening as well as through traditional exercise programs. Inactive individuals who become more physically active improve their health even if they do not reach the recommended level of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity most, preferably all, days a week. Adults with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, Georgia 2004: 25.8% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 20% The prevalence of no leisure time physical activity is significantly more common in women than men, blacks than whites, and those with no access to medical care compared to those with access to medical care. Adults with income less than $25,000 are less likely to participate in any leisure time physical activity than adults with income of $25,000 or more. Adults 18-44 years of age are more likely than adults age 55 and older to be physically active. Percent Percent Percent of Adults with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Sex, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 21.6 0 Male 29.7 Female Sex Percent of Adults with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 23.9 0 White 29.9 Black Race/Ethnicity 18.6 Hispanic 32.3 Other Percent Percent Percent of Adults with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Income, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 44.3 0 Less than $15,000 32.5 $15,000$24,999 26.6 24.6 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,999 Income 21.9 $50,000$74,999 13.1 $75,000 or more Percent of Adults with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 24.0 0 Health Coverage 31.2 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Percent Percent of Adults with No Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Age, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 15.4 18.3 22.8 30.2 34.7 40.0 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age *Estimates are not available because sample size <50. Percent of Adults with No Leisure Time Physical Activity by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2004 PNhoysPichaylsAiccatilvAityc Tota l Sex Ra ce Age Male Female W hite Bla ck 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI Ge orgia 26372 26.4 25.7-27.1 22.6 21.5-23.7 30.0 29.1-30.9 23.8 23.0-24.6 31.9 30.3-33.4 21.3 20.3-22.3 30.7 29.5-32.0 37.8 36.0-39.6 1-1 1346 30.3 27.5-33.2 28.8 24.4-33.5 31.7 28.3-35.3 29.0 26.2-32.1 NA NA 23.2 19.6-27.4 36.6 31.8-41.7 43.4 36.5-50.4 1-2 1140 27.4 24.3-30.7 23.7 19.1-28.9 31.1 27.1-35.4 26.5 23.3-30.0 NA NA 24.1 19.8-29.1 30.7 25.8-36.0 34.8 27.7-42.7 2-0 1821 26.1 23.5-28.7 20.2 16.7-24.2 31.8 28.4-35.4 25.5 22.8-28.3 NA NA 19.3 16.0-23.1 31.6 27.0-36.7 37.7 31.7-44.0 3-1 1221 17.7 15.2-20.4 14.4 10.9-18.9 20.7 17.7-24.2 15.4 12.8-18.5 24.8 18.6-32.3 14.0 11.0-17.6 20.5 16.1-25.7 32.6 24.9-41.5 3-2 1153 21.4 18.6-24.6 19.4 15.2-24.5 23.3 19.6-27.4 16.8 12.8-21.7 27.1 22.6-32.1 18.2 14.7-22.4 23.1 18.0-29.3 36.4 27.4-46.4 3-3 1049 25.9 22.6-29.5 21.7 16.7-27.7 29.7 25.7-34.1 25.1 19.9-31.2 24.6 20.6-29.1 21.1 17.0-25.8 33.1 27.2-39.6 37.7 28.3-48.1 3-4 1196 22.2 19.6-25.2 18.8 15.1-23.2 25.6 21.9-29.7 19.1 16.2-22.3 30.9 23.5-39.5 19.3 15.9-23.2 26.5 21.6-32.0 32.3 24.3-41.4 3-5 1179 22.2 19.3-25.3 19.2 14.9-24.5 24.8 21.4-28.6 15.2 12.1-18.8 27.2 22.6-32.4 18.8 15.1-23.0 26.2 21.2-31.8 34.3 26.3-43.3 4-0 1225 25.9 23.0-29.1 22.9 18.3-28.3 28.7 25.2-32.5 21.4 18.6-24.4 38.3 30.2-47.1 23.8 19.5-28.7 27.7 23.3-32.5 30.2 23.5-37.8 5-1 1803 32.8 30.0-35.6 28.9 24.7-33.5 36.4 33.0-39.9 31.6 28.4-34.9 35.0 29.4-41.0 27.9 24.1-32.1 37.0 32.1-42.2 39.4 33.7-45.4 5-2 1282 27.3 24.6-30.2 23.3 19.4-27.9 30.8 27.3-34.6 25.0 21.8-28.6 30.9 25.9-36.4 22.7 18.9-27.0 30.5 25.9-35.6 37.3 31.2-43.8 6-0 1805 30.6 28.0-33.3 23.8 20.2-27.9 36.7 33.3-40.2 27.0 23.9-30.3 35.4 30.7-40.5 25.4 21.9-29.2 35.2 30.6-40.0 38.7 32.7-45.1 7-0 1294 26.7 24.0-29.5 21.9 18.1-26.3 31.1 27.5-34.9 21.9 18.7-25.5 31.8 27.2-36.9 22.3 18.7-26.3 30.7 26.1-35.7 34.4 27.7-41.8 8-1 1118 32.9 29.7-36.2 28.1 23.3-33.5 37.3 33.2-41.6 30.5 26.9-34.5 39.3 32.6-46.4 27.5 23.2-32.2 38.6 33.1-44.4 42.7 35.4-50.4 8-2 1814 32.0 29.3-34.8 27.9 23.9-32.2 35.7 32.1-39.4 29.0 25.6-32.8 36.9 32.2-41.8 25.6 21.9-29.7 37.5 32.9-42.3 42.3 36.1-48.7 9-1 2466 25.4 23.4-27.5 20.2 17.5-23.3 30.3 27.6-33.1 22.0 19.8-24.4 32.1 27.9-36.6 20.4 17.9-23.2 30.8 27.2-34.6 35.1 30.0-40.6 9-2 1825 33.2 30.3-36.3 30.7 26.6-35.1 35.7 31.8-39.8 31.5 28.3-35.0 41.6 34.6-49.0 27.8 23.5-32.4 37.5 32.9-42.3 44.7 38.4-51.2 10-0 1635 27.4 24.7-30.1 24.1 20.4-28.3 30.4 26.9-34.0 25.4 22.5-28.5 37.7 30.8-45.1 22.4 19.2-26.1 32.7 27.9-37.9 37.7 30.9-44.9 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 15 Binge Drinking 16 Binge drinking is defined as five or more drinks on an occasion where one drink equals one can or bottle of beer, one glass of wine, one can or bottle of wine cooler, one cocktail or one shot of liquor. It results in acute impairment of judgment and physical skills, and causes a significant fraction of alcohol-related deaths. Adverse health effects include unintentional injuries (motor-vehicle crashes, drowning, and falls) and suicide. Chronic conditions like hypertension, pancreatitis and poor diabetic control are also related to binge drinking. Binge drinking has high social and economic impact; it increases the risk of homicide, child abuse, rape and domestic violence and causes loss of productivity. Binge drinking during pregnancy may cause fetal alcohol syndrome. Effective prevention measures against binge drinking can save lives and prevent development of birth defects. Adults who Binge Drink, Georgia 2004: 12.1 % Healthy People 2010 Objective: 6% The prevalence of adults who binge drink is significantly more common among males than females. The occurrence of binge drinking decreases as adults get older. Percent Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Sex, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 18.9 0 Male 5.8 Female Sex Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 12.5 0 White 11.3 Black Race/Ethnicity 8.0 Hispanic 15.5 Other Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Income, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 6.8 14.1 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 14.4 10.4 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 Income 13.7 $50,000-$74,999 14.4 $75,000 or more Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 11.1 0 Health Coverage 15.3 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Percent Percent of Adults who Binge Drink, by Age, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 21.4 18.1 12.8 9.7 5.3 1.7 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults who Binge Drink by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2001-2004 Binge Drinking Tota l Sex Male Female N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI Ge orgia 22007 12.4 11.7-13.1 19.7 18.4-21.0 5.7 5.1-6.2 1-1 1084 10.1 8.0-12.7 15.8 12.0-20.6 4.8 3.2-7.3 1-2 916 13.1 10.4-16.5 19.4 14.6-25.3 7.0 4.7-10.3 2-0 1622 10.2 8.4-12.4 15.7 12.4-19.7 4.9 3.4-6.8 3-1 1007 15.2 12.5-18.3 24.7 19.9-30.2 6.3 4.3-9.1 3-2 943 15.3 12.4-18.8 21.7 16.7-27.8 9.5 6.9-12.9 3-3 862 11.7 8.9-15.2 18.7 13.6-25.1 5.5 3.4-8.7 3-4 1013 12.4 10.0-15.3 19.1 15.0-24.0 5.8 3.6-9.1 3-5 907 14.7 11.6-18.4 23.4 17.6-30.3 6.9 4.9-9.5 4-0 1006 11.9 9.5-14.8 19.5 15.1-24.8 4.9 3.2-7.5 5-1 1532 9.0 7.1-11.4 14.7 11.2-19.1 3.6 2.2-5.8 5-2 1015 11.7 9.3-14.7 18.1 13.7-23.6 6.0 4.1-8.7 6-0 1528 10.0 8.2-12.2 15.1 11.9-19.1 5.4 3.8-7.7 7-0 1049 14.9 12.2-18.1 24.3 19.3-30.1 6.3 4.2-9.2 8-1 895 10.2 7.8-13.2 15.8 11.5-21.3 5.1 3.2-7.9 8-2 1593 11.9 9.9-14.2 21.0 17.2-25.3 3.9 2.7-5.6 9-1 2006 13.8 12.1-15.7 21.5 18.4-24.9 6.7 5.3-8.5 9-2 1603 13.1 10.9-15.7 23.2 19.1-27.8 3.3 2.1-5.0 10-0 1426 13.0 10.7-15.7 20.9 16.7-25.8 5.6 4.0-7.9 Race Age W hite Bla ck 18-44 45-64 % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 13.0 12.2-13.8 10.5 9.3-12.0 17.3 16.2-18.5 8.2 7.4-9.1 9.1 7.1-11.6 NA NA 15.3 11.7-19.6 5.6 3.5-8.8 13.5 10.6-17.1 NA NA 19.2 14.7-24.7 7.3 4.7-11.1 10.6 8.6-13.0 3.8 1.2-11.2 15.0 11.9-18.8 6.1 4.2-8.8 15.9 12.9-19.5 10.0 5.2-18.2 20.0 16.2-24.5 8.4 5.1-13.7 18.6 14.7-23.2 10.5 7.3-14.9 19.0 14.8-24.1 11.1 7.4-16.5 14.0 9.2-20.7 10.3 6.9-15.2 12.4 8.7-17.3 12.5 8.0-18.9 13.0 10.3-16.3 15.5 9.0-25.4 16.6 13.0-20.9 6.9 4.5-10.6 21.3 16.4-27.1 10.7 6.5-16.9 19.4 14.9-24.9 8.5 5.4-13.0 13.1 10.2-16.7 6.4 3.5-11.3 16.3 12.5-21.0 9.1 6.1-13.4 9.1 6.9-12.1 9.1 5.7-14.2 13.9 10.5-18.1 5.2 3.5-7.7 12.5 9.5-16.4 10.3 6.4-16.2 17.3 13.1-22.4 7.3 4.6-11.3 9.8 7.5-12.6 9.3 6.3-13.4 13.6 10.6-17.2 8.2 5.7-11.7 12.6 9.3-16.9 16.8 12.2-22.6 22.5 18.0-27.7 7.9 5.2-11.8 10.5 7.7-14.1 9.7 5.3-16.8 14.8 11.0-19.7 6.1 3.6-10.1 12.8 10.2-16.1 8.8 6.2-12.2 17.7 14.4-21.7 7.9 5.5-11.3 15.5 13.3-18.0 9.3 6.7-12.8 18.2 15.5-21.1 10.8 8.3-14.0 13.3 10.9-16.2 11.1 6.4-18.4 18.8 15.2-23.1 8.3 5.9-11.5 14.1 11.4-17.3 9.3 5.2-16.0 16.9 13.6-20.8 10.0 6.2-15.5 65+ % 95% CI 1.7 1.2-2.3 0.7 0.1-4.9 NA NA 1.8 0.7-4.7 4.2 1.3-12.6 2.3 0.7-7.5 1.6 0.2-10.5 0.8 0.2-3.3 2.0 0.4-8.4 1.7 0.5-5.4 1.3 0.4-4.2 2.7 1.1-6.6 1.0 0.3-3.3 2.1 0.6-7.0 0.5 0.1-3.7 1.7 0.7-4.2 2.3 1.0-5.2 1.9 0.7-5.1 2.2 0.4-10.7 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 17 Firearms 18 Fatal and nonfatal injuries caused by firearms are important public health issues. Among Georgia men, death from firearm injuries was the 2nd leading cause of injury death for ages 15-34, and resulted in 23,440 years of potential life lost in 2002. Restricting access to firearms could reduce their intentional or unintentional use. Adults living in a home with a loaded, unlocked firearm, Georgia 2004: 8.2 % Significantly more men,whites and those with health coverage have loaded, unlocked firearms at home. Percent Percent Percent of Adults Living with a Loaded and Unlocked Firearm, by Sex, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 11.7 0 Male 4.9 Female Sex Percent of Adults Living with a Loaded and Unlocked Firearm, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 10.0 0 White 5.6 Black Race/Ethnicity 2.8 Hispanic 4.5 Other Percent Percent Percent of Adults Living with a Loaded and Unlocked Firearm, by Income, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 4.5 6.6 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 5.0 8.9 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 Income 10.7 $50,000-$74,999 12.2 $75,000 or more Percent of Adults Living with a Loaded and Unlocked Firearm, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 9.4 0 Health Coverage 4.8 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Percent of Adults Living with a Loaded and Unlocked Firearm, by Age, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 3.7 6.8 8.5 10.0 13.0 7.8 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Percent of Adults Living with a Loaded and Unlocked Firearm, by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2001, 2002 & 2004 Firea rms Tota l Sex Male Female N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI Ge orgia 13611 8.4 7.9-9.0 12.1 11.1-13.2 5.1 4.5-5.6 1-1 712 10.5 8.1-13.6 14.5 10.1-20.3 7.0 4.8-9.9 1-2 582 10.8 8.1-14.2 14.5 9.9-20.8 7.3 4.8-10.8 2-0 842 12.5 10.1-15.4 18.4 14.1-23.8 6.7 4.8-9.3 3-1 696 6.1 4.3-8.6 9.1 5.9-13.8 3.4 2.0-5.8 3-2 640 5.2 3.3-8.1 6.1 3.7-9.9 4.4 2.0-9.6 3-3 576 7.5 5.1-10.9 12.1 7.4-19.2 3.4 2.0-5.7 3-4 655 5.6 3.8-8.2 7.8 4.8-12.3 3.6 1.8-7.1 3-5 623 4.4 2.9-6.6 6.1 3.5-10.4 3.0 1.7-5.1 4-0 687 11.9 9.4-15.0 17.9 13.5-23.5 6.2 4.1-9.3 5-1 825 11.8 9.4-14.8 16.7 12.5-21.9 7.2 4.9-10.5 5-2 688 10.9 8.4-14.0 14.9 10.6-20.6 7.3 5.0-10.5 6-0 838 9.5 7.4-12.2 14.2 10.4-19.2 5.4 3.6-7.9 7-0 677 11.3 8.6-14.8 17.4 12.5-23.7 5.4 3.3-8.9 8-1 603 7.7 5.7-10.2 10.7 7.4-15.1 4.9 2.9-8.0 8-2 903 9.6 7.6-12.1 14.1 10.3-19.0 5.8 4.1-8.0 9-1 1330 8.5 6.8-10.4 13.1 10.1-16.8 4.2 3.0-6.0 9-2 927 9.3 7.4-11.8 12.6 9.2-16.9 6.1 4.3-8.6 10-0 807 10.2 7.9-13.2 15.7 11.4-21.2 5.0 3.3-7.4 Ra ce W hite Bla ck % 95% CI % 95% CI 10.2 9.5-10.9 5.4 4.5-6.5 11.4 8.7-14.8 1.5 0.2-9.9 10.3 7.6-13.8 NA NA 13.6 10.9-16.8 2.6 0.6-9.9 6.3 4.2-9.2 6.5 2.9-14.1 5.9 2.9-11.6 4.6 2.6-8.1 8.8 5.3-14.3 7.0 4.0-12.0 7.2 4.7-10.7 3.0 0.9-9.7 6.2 3.7-10.2 3.2 1.6-6.4 13.5 10.5-17.2 6.6 3.0-13.9 14.2 11.0-18.1 6.1 3.3-10.9 13.1 9.7-17.3 7.8 4.5-13.2 12.6 9.5-16.6 4.1 2.0-8.1 15.0 10.8-20.6 7.1 4.0-12.1 9.7 7.0-13.2 2.3 1.0-5.5 11.7 9.0-15.2 6.4 3.7-10.9 10.1 8.1-12.6 4.7 2.7-8.1 10.5 8.1-13.4 5.7 2.5-12.4 11.7 8.8-15.3 3.5 1.3-9.0 18-44 % 95% CI 6.8 6.1-7.6 8.5 5.3-13.3 9.3 5.8-14.5 11.1 7.9-15.3 5.4 3.4-8.5 4.0 1.8-8.5 7.3 4.3-12.1 5.7 3.3-9.6 4.4 2.6-7.6 9.0 6.1-13.2 10.3 7.0-14.9 9.7 6.4-14.4 6.0 3.7-9.4 11.4 7.6-16.7 4.6 2.6-8.1 9.1 6.3-13.1 6.9 4.9-9.7 7.3 4.9-10.8 7.9 5.5-11.3 Age 45-64 65+ % 95% CI % 95% CI 10.9 9.9-12.1 9.6 8.3-11.2 13.9 9.8-19.4 11.4 6.5-19.2 12.4 8.1-18.4 13.8 7.9-23.1 15.3 10.9-21.0 12.6 7.7-20.0 7.7 4.3-13.5 5.8 1.9-16.2 7.0 3.8-12.5 7.1 2.6-17.6 8.7 4.8-15.2 6.0 2.4-14.1 6.2 3.6-10.6 3.3 0.9-11.7 4.6 2.3-9.2 4.2 1.3-12.8 17.9 13.0-24.1 9.9 4.9-19.0 10.8 7.4-15.5 18.2 12.2-26.1 12.5 8.4-18.2 11.9 7.1-19.1 14.7 10.4-20.4 12.3 7.1-20.6 10.3 6.6-15.9 12.5 6.4-23.2 13.4 9.1-19.1 8.7 4.7-15.7 9.6 6.6-13.9 10.3 6.3-16.3 12.7 9.4-17.0 6.7 3.9-11.2 11.6 8.1-16.4 12.7 7.9-19.8 13.2 8.2-20.7 14.8 8.5-24.4 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 19 Suicide 20 Suicide is a public health problem. Every year in Georgia about 900 people die, 2,800 are hospitalized and 5,400 visit hospital emergency departments because of intentionally self-inflicted injuries. Some risk factors include previous suicide attempts, history of mental disorders, particularly depression, history of alcohol and substance abuse, family history of child maltreatment, isolation (a feeling of being cut off from other people), and feelings of hopelessness. Some protective factors include effective clinical care for mental, physical and substance abuse disorders, easy access to a variety of clinical interventions and support, family and community support and skills in problem solving, conflict resolution, and restricted access to highly lethal or common methods of suicide. Adults who have had thoughts of Suicide, Georgia 2004: 6.5 % Thoughts of suicide were significantly more common in adults with no health coverage. Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults who had Thoughts of Suicide in the Last Year, by Sex, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 6.2 0 Male 6.8 Female Sex Percent of Adults who had Thoughts of Suicide in the Last Year, by Income, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 9.4 0 Less than $15,000 9.4 $15,000-$24,999 6.1 8.1 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 Income 5.1 $50,000-$74,999 3.3 $75,000 or more Percent of Adults who had Thoughts of Suicide in the Last Year, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 6.4 0 White 6.4 Black Race/Ethnicity 2.0 Hispanic 11.2 Other Percent of Adults who had Thoughts of Suicide in the Last Year, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 4.2 13.4 0 Health Coverage No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Percent Percent of Adults who had Thoughts of Suicide in the Last Year, by Age, Georgia 2004 25 20 15 10 5 12.2 6.9 7.3 6.1 3.6 2.4 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults who have had thoughts of Suicide in last 12 months, by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2004 Suicide Tota l Sex Ra ce M a le Fe m a le W hite Bla ck 18-44 N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI Ge orgia 4804 6.5 5.6-7.6 6.2 4.8-8.0 6.8 5.6-8.3 6.4 5.3-7.7 6.4 4.6-8.8 8.3 6.8-10.1 1-1 219 8.9 4.8-16.0 NA NA 4.6 1.9-10.8 7.9 4.5-13.7 NA NA 9.7 3.8-22.8 1-2 159 8.7 4.5-16.2 NA NA 4.8 1.8-11.9 8.2 4.0-16.3 NA NA 11.4 4.9-24.3 2 407 6.6 4.0-10.9 3.5 1.4-8.4 9.7 5.3-17.2 6.7 3.9-11.3 2.1 0.3-14.0 6.9 3.1-14.5 3-1 209 6.3 3.4-11.4 3.8 1.2-11.6 8.8 4.3-17.0 5.1 2.3-11.0 NA NA 7.0 3.1-15.0 3-2 160 4.1 1.8-9.0 4.9 1.4-15.3 3.3 1.2-9.0 2.0 0.5-8.3 7.4 2.8-18.2 2.4 0.9-6.4 3-3 160 4.6 1.9-10.7 NA NA 8.8 3.7-19.5 NA NA 4.1 1.1-13.5 7.2 3.0-16.3 3-4 212 6.6 2.6-15.6 3.3 1.0-10.6 NA NA 9.1 3.7-20.8 NA NA NA NA 3-5 178 7.8 3.9-15.2 NA NA 3.7 1.5-9.1 10.1 3.9-23.6 3.3 1.0-10.0 11.4 5.4-22.6 4 202 7.3 4.1-12.8 8.9 3.9-18.8 5.9 2.6-12.8 8.0 4.2-14.9 3.9 0.9-15.8 13.5 7.4-23.2 5-1 372 7.2 4.4-11.4 6.9 2.8-15.9 7.4 4.6-11.7 7.7 4.3-13.4 5.6 2.4-12.6 9.4 4.9-17.4 5-2 214 1.8 0.6-5.0 1.0 0.1-7.0 2.5 0.7-8.2 1.8 0.6-5.7 2.0 0.3-13.1 1.8 0.4-7.8 6 373 5.3 3.3-8.6 4.7 2.2-9.7 5.9 3.1-11.1 5.6 3.1-9.8 5.3 2.0-13.3 6.9 3.6-12.6 7 208 8.4 4.6-15.0 9.7 4.0-21.5 7.2 3.1-16.1 7.9 3.5-16.7 NA NA 10.9 5.0-21.9 8-1 175 6.6 3.3-12.8 5.5 1.8-15.8 7.7 3.2-17.3 6.7 2.9-15.0 2.5 0.6-9.7 9.2 4.0-19.6 8-2 381 8.0 5.2-12.2 5.6 2.4-12.7 10.2 6.2-16.2 7.3 4.0-13.0 8.4 4.1-16.5 11.6 6.8-19.1 9-1 398 7.9 4.8-12.6 5.0 1.9-12.6 10.7 6.1-17.9 6.1 3.2-11.4 9.2 3.8-20.7 11.0 6.2-19.0 9-2 423 4.1 2.6-6.6 3.0 1.2-7.3 5.2 3.0-8.8 4.7 2.8-7.9 3.2 1.1-9.0 4.2 2.1-8.4 10 354 7.3 4.5-11.6 8.8 4.5-16.6 5.9 3.0-11.1 6.2 3.6-10.5 NA NA 8.0 4.3-14.3 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. Age 45-64 % 95% CI 5.0 3.8-6.6 10.0 4.8-19.6 6.5 2.3-16.9 9.2 4.8-16.7 7.2 3.1-16.0 NA NA NA NA 3.1 1.1-8.8 NA NA NA NA 6.6 3.3-12.8 1.1 0.2-7.4 5.1 2.3-10.7 7.1 2.3-20.0 4.2 1.2-14.0 6.2 3.0-12.3 5.0 2.1-11.3 4.6 2.3-8.8 7.8 3.2-17.5 65+ % 95% CI 2.4 1.4-4.0 NA NA 2.4 0.3-15.0 1.1 0.3-4.4 NA NA 7.7 1.1-39.2 NA NA 2.5 0.3-15.8 NA NA 0.9 0.1-6.3 2.0 0.5-8.0 3.0 0.4-18.7 0.7 0.1-4.6 2.6 0.6-10.5 1.5 0.2-10.0 0.6 0.1-4.4 NA NA 3.2 0.8-12.2 3.2 0.8-11.8 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 21 Mammography Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer incidence among women in Georgia and the second leading cause of cancer death. The number of deaths can be reduced if the disease is diagnosed early. Factors associated with breast cancer are age; personal or family history of breast cancer; biopsy-confirmed atypical hyperplasia; early onset of the menstrual cycle coupled with late onset of menopause; recent use of oral contraceptives or post-menopausal estrogens; never having children or first child born after age 30; and consuming 2 or more drinks of alcohol daily. The American Cancer Society recommends that women ages 40 and older receive annual breast cancer screening, including a clinical breast exam and a mammogram. Women, age 40+, who have had a Mammogram in the Last Two Years: Georgia 2004: 74.5% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 70% The prevalence of mammography screenings in the last 2 years was significantly higher among women with health care coverage. The number of women who had mammography screenings increased as income increased. Percent Percent Percent of Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 74.6 0 White 73.4 Black Race/Ethnicity 83.3 Hispanic 76.7 Other Percent of Women, Age 40+, who have had a Mammogram in the Last Two Years, by Age, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 69.3 75.9 79.4 72.8 0 40-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Percent 22 Pe rce nt of W om e n, Age 40+ , w ho hav e had a M am m ogram in the Last Tw o Y e ars, by Incom e , Ge orgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 56.9 0 Less than $15,000 68.2 $15,000$24,999 77.1 77.6 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,999 Incom e 80.7 $50,000$74,999 81.1 $75,000 or more Percent of Women, Age 40+, who have had a Mammogram in the Last Two Years, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 78.7 0 Health Coverage 57.3 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, who have had a Mammogram in the Last Two Years, by Race and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2004 M a m m ogra phy Tota l N % 95% CI Ge orgia 10330 76.4 75.3-77.4 1-1 551 70.7 66.0-75.0 1-2 472 75.0 70.1-79.3 2-0 769 73.3 68.9-77.2 3-1 437 77.7 72.9-81.9 3-2 400 80.8 75.6-85.1 3-3 347 72.9 65.7-79.1 3-4 422 78.3 73.3-82.5 3-5 430 80.3 75.6-84.2 4-0 480 76.9 72.1-81.0 5-1 743 70.4 66.0-74.4 5-2 532 78.0 73.7-81.8 6-0 712 78.8 74.8-82.2 7-0 521 76.4 71.7-80.6 8-1 438 70.6 65.3-75.4 8-2 781 74.9 70.8-78.6 9-1 894 80.3 77.1-83.2 9-2 797 70.4 66.3-74.1 10-0 604 73.2 68.4-77.6 Sex Male Female % 95% CI % 95% CI Ra ce Age W hite Bla ck 40-44 45-64 65+ % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 76.5 75.3-77.7 76.2 73.8-78.4 66.5 63.5-69.3 79.6 78.2-80.9 77.1 75.1-79.0 71.5 66.6-76.0 NA NA NA NA 73.7 67.3-79.3 70.0 61.7-77.2 75.1 70.0-79.7 NA NA NA NA 80.9 75.0-85.6 73.2 63.7-81.0 72.9 68.3-77.1 NA NA NA NA 77.4 71.7-82.3 72.7 65.0-79.3 80.7 75.6-84.9 NA NA 69.9 57.6-79.9 79.6 73.3-84.7 81.6 71.1-88.8 81.2 73.9-86.9 81.7 73.4-87.8 NA NA 86.6 80.2-91.2 81.7 70.8-89.1 71.3 59.5-80.8 77.6 68.9-84.4 57.0 40.6-71.9 77.8 69.5-84.3 82.6 71.2-90.1 77.0 71.4-81.9 84.3 69.5-92.6 NA NA 78.6 71.8-84.1 86.3 76.5-92.4 82.8 76.8-87.4 77.0 69.1-83.4 NA NA 83.6 77.5-88.3 87.1 79.2-92.3 80.6 75.7-84.8 NA NA NA NA 83.4 77.9-87.7 71.8 61.7-80.1 70.0 65.0-74.6 71.4 61.4-79.6 NA NA 72.7 66.5-78.2 70.6 62.8-77.3 78.3 72.7-82.9 77.0 69.1-83.5 67.1 54.6-77.5 76.2 69.9-81.6 86.8 80.2-91.5 76.5 71.3-81.0 83.5 77.0-88.5 74.4 64.2-82.6 82.9 77.5-87.2 73.5 66.0-79.8 77.1 70.6-82.5 77.1 69.1-83.6 NA NA 80.9 75.3-85.5 75.2 64.9-83.2 70.7 64.4-76.3 73.9 63.7-82.1 NA NA 72.4 65.0-78.7 73.8 64.9-81.1 75.2 70.1-79.7 75.2 67.8-81.3 61.5 50.7-71.4 78.2 72.7-82.9 77.3 69.9-83.3 81.6 77.8-84.8 76.2 68.5-82.5 71.1 61.9-78.9 82.2 77.8-85.9 82.9 76.8-87.7 69.2 64.5-73.4 77.7 68.4-84.9 59.8 49.1-69.8 72.8 67.4-77.6 71.9 64.4-78.4 73.2 67.7-78.1 72.4 59.5-82.4 60.0 47.9-70.9 76.3 69.6-81.9 75.0 66.0-82.4 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 23 Pap Test Percent of Adult Women without Hysterectomy who have had a Pap Smear in the Last Three Years, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 The risk of developing cervical cancer is 100 closely linked with sexual practices and sexually 80 Percent transmitted infections with human papillomavirus. 60 Becoming sexually active at a young age, having multiple sex partners and smoking cigarettes are 40 all risk factors for cervical cancer. The American 20 Cancer Society recommends that all women begin 0 87.8 cervical cancer screening within 3 years after White becoming sexually active, but no later than age 21. Screening should be done every year with the regular Pap test, or every 2 years using the newer liquid-based Pap test. At age 30, women who have had 3 normal Pap tests in a row may get screened every two to three years. 87.6 Black Race/Ethnicity 74.1 Hispanic 90.8 Other Women who have had a Pap Test within Three Years, Georgia 2004: 87.5% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90% Percent Percent of Adult Women without Hysterectomy who have had a Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Age, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 The prevalence of pap tests within the last 3 20 years was significantly higher among women with health coverage. 74.9 92.5 94.5 93.2 86.4 68.9 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Percent 24 Percent of Adult Women without Hysterectomy who have had a Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Income, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 68.6 0 Less than $15,000 84.6 $15,000$24,999 91.3 92.7 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,999 Income 92.7 $50,000$74,999 94.0 $75,000 or more Percent of Adult Women without Hysterectomy who have had a Pap Test in the Last Three Years, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 89.6 0 Health Coverage 81.1 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Percent of Adult Women without Hysterectomy, who have had a Pap Test in the Last Three Years by Race and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2004 Pa p Te st Tota l N % 95% CI Georgia 11014 89.1 88.2-89.9 1-1 506 84.3 80.1-87.8 1-2 436 89.6 85.8-92.4 2-0 745 86.1 82.5-89.0 3-1 561 91.0 87.7-93.5 3-2 529 91.0 87.1-93.8 3-3 525 91.0 87.3-93.7 3-4 530 91.6 88.2-94.1 3-5 597 90.5 86.9-93.3 4-0 514 87.8 83.1-91.4 5-1 637 89.7 86.8-92.1 5-2 502 92.8 89.8-95.0 6-0 723 90.6 87.8-92.9 7-0 541 92.2 89.3-94.5 8-1 469 88.6 85.0-91.4 8-2 751 88.5 85.3-91.1 9-1 1023 90.8 88.4-92.6 9-2 703 85.4 82.0-88.2 10-0 722 85.6 81.5-88.8 Sex Ra ce Age Male Female W hite Bl a ck 18-44 45-64 % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI 88.4 87.4-89.3 91.4 89.4-93.0 91.3 90.1-92.3 89.1 87.6-90.4 83.1 78.4-87.0 NA NA 86.3 80.8-90.4 83.5 74.4-89.8 90.5 86.5-93.4 NA NA 92.2 87.1-95.4 89.8 83.0-94.1 86.2 82.4-89.3 97.2 88.9-99.3 89.0 84.2-92.4 85.6 78.4-90.7 91.7 87.8-94.4 87.6 78.7-93.1 92.8 88.8-95.4 88.9 81.4-93.6 92.4 86.9-95.7 89.4 82.9-93.7 92.2 87.2-95.3 91.9 82.6-96.4 90.6 83.0-95.0 92.6 87.8-95.6 91.6 86.8-94.8 90.1 81.9-94.9 91.3 87.4-94.0 96.9 90.1-99.0 91.8 87.1-94.8 91.1 85.1-94.9 89.1 82.9-93.2 92.8 87.5-96.0 90.0 84.9-93.6 93.4 87.8-96.5 90.3 86.7-93.0 NA NA 90.7 83.8-94.9 91.7 85.8-95.2 88.7 84.9-91.7 92.0 86.7-95.3 93.5 89.7-95.9 88.7 82.4-92.9 91.3 86.8-94.4 96.3 92.8-98.1 95.0 91.1-97.3 91.0 83.8-95.2 88.2 84.0-91.5 94.6 90.3-97.0 93.3 90.0-95.6 90.2 83.0-94.5 92.5 88.4-95.3 92.9 87.6-96.0 95.6 92.2-97.6 91.7 86.1-95.2 87.3 82.4-90.9 91.4 85.3-95.1 92.2 88.0-95.0 85.6 76.8-91.4 85.8 80.7-89.6 92.6 88.2-95.5 91.0 86.3-94.2 88.9 83.2-92.8 89.7 86.7-92.2 93.1 88.4-95.9 93.9 91.4-95.8 88.4 82.7-92.4 84.0 79.9-87.3 92.1 84.5-96.2 89.9 85.9-92.9 77.9 70.2-84.0 83.7 78.9-87.6 95.9 90.5-98.3 87.9 83.0-91.6 82.9 72.5-89.9 65+ % 95% CI 73.0 69.9-76.0 71.1 57.1-81.9 67.9 53.3-79.6 68.6 57.5-77.8 77.5 60.4-88.6 72.6 56.1-84.6 84.7 69.1-93.2 91.4 78.7-96.9 85.0 72.8-92.3 55.8 40.4-70.2 71.0 59.5-80.3 81.7 71.1-89.0 66.1 53.0-77.2 70.7 55.3-82.5 71.1 55.4-83.0 73.1 63.6-80.8 73.6 62.6-82.3 69.8 58.0-79.5 73.8 62.1-82.8 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 25 Colorectal Cancer Screening 26 The risk of developing colorectal cancer increases with advancing age. Risk factors include inflammatory bowel disease, a personal or family history of colorectal cancer or colorectal polyps, physical inactivity, a high fat or low fiber diet and inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables. Early detection can save lives. An effective tool for early detection is sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy, an examination of the rectum and lower colon using a lighted tube. The American Cancer Society recommends that beginning at age 50 adults should have sigmoidoscopy every 5 years or colonoscopy every 10 years. Adults, age 50+, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, Georgia 2004: 53.7% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 50% Adults with health coverage were significantly more likely to have ever had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy than adults without health coverage. Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Sex, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 54.4 0 Male 53.2 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Income, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 45.8 0 Less than $15,000 51.8 $15,000$24,999 56.9 47.3 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,999 Income 63.8 $50,000$74,999 53.7 $75,000 or more Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 55.2 0 White 52.3 Black 41.8 Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 37.3 Other Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 56.4 0 Health Coverage 41.2 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy, by Age, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 36.2 57.2 62.1 0 50-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Percent of Adults, Age 50+, who have ever had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy by Sex, Race, and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2001, 2002 & 2004 Colorectal Cancer Screening Tota l Sex Ra ce Age Male Female W hite Bla ck 50-54 55-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI Ge orgia 5969 50.7 49.1-52.3 50.4 47.8-53.1 50.9 48.9-52.8 52.7 50.9-54.5 45.8 42.1-49.6 36.5 33.3-39.8 50.4 47.7-53.1 59.8 57.3-62.2 1-1 344 45.1 39.2-51.2 41.6 32.2-51.7 48.0 40.9-55.3 45.3 39.0-51.8 NA NA NA NA 44.2 34.8-54.0 52.8 43.0-62.3 1-2 287 46.6 39.9-53.4 NA NA 46.2 38.2-54.5 47.1 40.1-54.1 NA NA NA NA NA NA 59.2 48.2-69.4 2-0 424 50.1 44.3-55.9 49.8 40.7-59.0 50.3 43.1-57.5 49.5 43.4-55.6 NA NA NA NA 46.1 36.7-55.8 60.7 52.1-68.7 3-1 251 54.0 46.4-61.4 NA NA 51.5 42.9-60.1 52.8 44.7-60.7 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3-2 208 52.8 44.9-60.6 NA NA 54.5 44.5-64.2 54.6 43.8-64.9 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3-3 183 55.1 46.7-63.2 NA NA 59.6 49.6-69.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3-4 240 52.5 45.1-59.8 NA NA 58.4 48.4-67.7 54.1 45.8-62.2 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3-5 235 61.5 54.2-68.3 61.0 48.8-71.9 61.8 52.8-70.1 70.6 62.1-77.8 NA NA NA NA 65.1 52.9-75.6 74.0 62.2-83.1 4-0 291 47.3 40.9-53.9 52.4 42.0-62.5 42.8 35.0-50.9 47.1 39.9-54.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA 58.0 47.3-67.9 5-1 411 43.7 38.1-49.4 40.4 31.3-50.2 46.2 39.5-53.0 45.8 39.3-52.5 NA NA NA NA 43.2 33.9-53.1 55.2 47.1-63.0 5-2 342 49.5 43.5-55.5 49.4 39.4-59.4 49.6 42.3-56.8 50.3 43.2-57.4 NA NA NA NA 52.3 41.6-62.8 52.2 43.3-61.0 6-0 376 46.2 40.3-52.1 44.5 35.1-54.3 47.5 40.2-54.8 47.1 39.9-54.4 NA NA NA NA 48.9 39.6-58.3 55.8 46.7-64.5 7-0 303 46.0 39.7-52.6 NA NA 47.8 39.9-55.8 49.4 41.4-57.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA 54.8 45.1-64.3 8-1 274 48.0 41.4-54.6 NA NA 47.3 38.9-55.8 54.2 46.8-61.5 NA NA NA NA NA NA 60.7 49.7-70.7 8-2 432 46.1 40.5-51.8 46.7 37.5-56.2 45.6 38.9-52.5 55.1 48.2-61.8 NA NA NA NA 48.3 38.2-58.5 53.1 44.8-61.3 9-1 557 54.8 50.0-59.4 58.0 50.5-65.2 52.1 46.1-58.0 58.3 53.0-63.5 NA NA 33.7 24.9-43.8 52.5 44.6-60.4 67.9 60.7-74.2 9-2 459 45.0 39.5-50.6 44.3 35.1-53.9 45.5 39.2-52.0 45.6 39.6-51.7 NA NA NA NA 40.2 31.3-49.7 56.4 47.8-64.7 10-0 352 54.5 48.2-60.6 52.4 42.4-62.2 56.0 47.9-63.8 57.8 50.8-64.5 NA NA NA NA 49.2 38.9-59.7 63.7 54.3-72.2 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 27 Influenza Vaccination 28 In 2004, Georgia ranked 44th in the nation for influenza vaccination for adults 65 years or older. Influenza and pneumonia were the seventh leading causes of death in Georgia. Infection with the influenza virus is often resolved within two weeks, but can lead to serious or life-threatening disease in some people, especially the elderly or people with chronic health problems. Influenza immunization, or a flu shot, can reduce much of the morbidity and mortality associated with the flu. People who are 65 years or older and people with chronic diseases such as asthma or diabetes should receive an influenza immunization every fall. Adults, age 65+, who have had an Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, Georgia 2004: 64.4% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90% Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who have had Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Sex, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 67.4 0 Male 62.4 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Immunization in the Last Year, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 71.8 0 White 36.0 Black * Hispanic Race/Ethnicity * Other Whites were significantly more likely than blacks to have a flu shot. Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who have had Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 65.2 0 Health Coverage 57.7 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Immunization in the Last Year, by Income, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 55.0 61.8 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 68.1 59.0 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 Income 76.1 $50,000-$74,999 66.7 $75,000 or more * =Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who have had an Influenza Vaccination in the Last Year by Sex and Race, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2004 Influenza Vaccination Tota l Sex Male Female Race W hite Bla ck N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI Ge orgia 4677 63.4 61.5-65.1 66.1 63.0-69.1 61.5 59.3-63.7 68.3 66.3-70.2 45.1 40.6-49.7 1-1 258 58.4 51.3-65.1 NA NA 54.9 46.6-63.0 59.7 52.3-66.6 NA NA 1-2 205 66.0 58.2-73.1 NA NA 64.5 54.9-73.1 67.4 59.3-74.5 NA NA 2-0 392 63.5 57.0-69.5 62.3 51.3-72.1 64.5 56.7-71.6 65.7 59.1-71.8 NA NA 3-1 154 59.8 50.4-68.4 NA NA 63.4 52.3-73.3 63.2 53.3-72.1 NA NA 3-2 138 62.7 53.1-71.3 NA NA 64.3 52.6-74.6 74.0 62.6-82.9 NA NA 3-3 115 62.8 52.1-72.4 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3-4 137 72.1 63.1-79.6 83.8 71.1-91.6 NA NA 75.1 66.0-82.5 NA NA 3-5 162 66.6 57.8-74.3 76.2 62.8-85.9 59.5 48.3-69.8 80.5 71.7-87.0 NA NA 4-0 193 61.8 53.5-69.4 60.3 46.1-72.9 62.9 53.0-71.9 62.9 53.9-71.1 NA NA 5-1 419 58.1 51.9-64.0 61.6 51.2-71.1 55.6 48.1-62.9 61.3 54.3-67.9 NA NA 5-2 281 64.0 57.3-70.2 59.2 46.8-70.4 67.1 59.5-73.9 74.5 67.3-80.6 NA NA 6-0 340 67.8 61.6-73.5 76.6 66.6-84.4 61.3 53.4-68.7 73.5 66.5-79.5 NA NA 7-0 234 58.9 51.3-66.1 NA NA 52.0 42.7-61.1 65.4 56.3-73.6 NA NA 8-1 227 66.2 58.3-73.3 NA NA 70.2 60.4-78.5 70.5 62.5-77.5 NA NA 8-2 380 65.7 59.4-71.6 65.0 53.6-74.8 66.3 58.8-73.0 71.4 64.1-77.8 NA NA 9-1 400 64.5 59.0-69.6 69.2 60.0-77.0 61.0 54.2-67.5 67.3 61.0-73.0 NA NA 9-2 359 62.0 55.6-68.0 71.0 60.1-80.0 55.9 48.0-63.5 64.7 57.6-71.2 NA NA 10-0 283 64.7 57.5-71.3 67.0 55.3-76.9 62.8 53.6-71.1 66.5 58.6-73.5 NA NA N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 18-44 % 95% CI Age 45-64 % 95% CI 65+ % 95% CI 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 29 Pneumonia Vaccination 30 In 2004, Georgia ranked 46th in the nation for pneumonia vaccination for adults 65 years or older. Influenza and pneumonia were the seventh leading causes of death in Georgia and pneumococcal disease is responsible for the most vaccinepreventable deaths in the United States. Pneumococcal bacteria can cause meningitis, pneumonia and infections in the blood (septicemia). Adults older than 65 and people with chronic health problems like diabetes, heart disease, and kidney failure are at especially high risk for infection. Penicillin was once a consistently effective treatment for pneumococcal disease, but drug resistant strains of the bacteria have made prevention of infection though immunization vital. The vaccine can be given at any time of the year. Usually one dose is all that is needed. Adults, age 65+, who have had a Pneumonia Vaccination, Georgia 2004: 59.4% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90% The prevalence of pneumonia vaccination is significantly more common among whites than blacks. Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, who have had a Pneumonia Vaccination, by Sex, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 58.2 0 Male 60.2 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 66.4 0 White 28.2 Black * Race/Ethnicity Hispanic * Other Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccination, by Income, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 52.9 59.4 0 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 58.7 55.8 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 Income 63.7 $50,000-$74,999 61.3 $75,000 or more Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Immunization in the Last Year, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 59.8 0 Health Coverage 57.1 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Percent * =Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. Percent of Adults, Age 65+, have had a Pneumonia Vaccination by Sex and Race, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2004 Pneumonia Vaccination Tota l Sex Ra ce Male Female W hite Bla ck N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI Ge orgia 4552 59.1 57.2-60.9 57.7 54.5-60.9 59.9 57.7-62.2 64.8 62.8-66.8 35.9 31.6-40.5 1-1 252 57.1 49.9-64.0 NA NA 59.7 51.3-67.6 57.3 49.8-64.6 NA NA 1-2 202 67.9 60.1-74.8 NA NA 74.0 65.6-80.9 69.8 61.8-76.7 NA NA 2-0 385 53.8 47.3-60.1 NA NA 61.1 53.3-68.4 55.8 49.1-62.3 NA NA 3-1 152 65.0 55.9-73.2 NA NA 70.8 60.0-79.7 67.4 57.7-75.7 NA NA 3-2 133 55.9 46.0-65.3 NA NA NA NA 68.1 56.3-78.0 NA NA 3-3 112 60.1 49.4-70.0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3-4 136 70.6 61.5-78.3 74.4 60.7-84.6 67.1 54.6-77.5 71.7 62.2-79.6 NA NA 3-5 161 63.2 54.2-71.3 NA NA 67.0 55.5-76.8 73.4 63.4-81.5 NA NA 4-0 190 52.3 44.2-60.4 NA NA 54.2 44.4-63.7 56.0 47.1-64.5 NA NA 5-1 401 54.4 48.1-60.5 NA NA 57.5 49.9-64.7 58.6 51.5-65.4 NA NA 5-2 274 58.9 52.0-65.5 NA NA 62.7 54.8-70.1 71.4 63.6-78.1 NA NA 6-0 328 61.8 55.0-68.1 70.0 58.5-79.4 55.5 47.4-63.4 67.5 59.8-74.3 NA NA 7-0 228 42.8 35.6-50.3 NA NA 37.1 29.1-46.0 48.8 39.9-57.8 NA NA 8-1 221 56.5 48.6-64.1 NA NA 60.3 50.4-69.3 63.6 55.1-71.4 NA NA 8-2 368 61.9 55.5-68.0 60.1 48.5-70.7 63.2 55.8-70.0 72.0 65.1-78.0 NA NA 9-1 388 55.4 49.7-61.1 55.7 46.0-65.0 55.2 48.2-62.1 61.3 54.7-67.5 NA NA 9-2 350 57.9 51.2-64.3 68.2 56.5-78.0 51.2 43.3-59.1 62.0 54.6-68.9 NA NA 10-0 271 63.3 55.9-70.1 NA NA 69.2 60.5-76.7 65.0 56.9-72.3 NA NA 18-44 % 95% CI N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. Age 45-64 % 95% CI 65+ % 95% CI 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 31 HIV/AIDS Testing 32 Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and through intravenous drug use. People who become infected with the virus can be asymptomatic for long periods of time during which they can infect sexual and drug injection partners. Following infection with HIV, people develop AIDS, a disease that affects the immune system and leaves patients vulnerable to a wide variety of potentially fatal opportunistic infections. Testing for HIV infection is crucial to determine HIV status so that those infected can stop HIV transmission, begin treatment, and, in the case of pregnant women, reduce the risk of transmission to an unborn baby. Adults, Ages 18-64, who have been tested for HIV, Georgia 2004: 51.9% The prevalence of HIV testing is significantly more common among blacks than whites and adults ages 25-34 than any other age group. Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18 - 64, who have been tested for HIV, by Sex, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 49.8 0 Male 53.1 Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18 - 64, who have been tested for HIV, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 43.0 0 White 69.0 52.7 Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity 51.0 Other Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18 - 64, who have been tested for HIV, by Income, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 58.2 0 Less than $15,000 52.2 $15,000$24,999 61.9 55.9 $25,000$34,999 $35,000$49,999 Income 54.2 $50,000$74,999 45.0 $75,000 or more Percent of Adults, Age 18 - 64, who have been tested for HIV, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 49.9 0 Health Coverage 55.9 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Percent Percent of Adults, Ages 18 - 64, who have been tested for HIV, by Age, Georgia 2004 100 80 60 40 20 46.8 0 18-24 71.5 25-34 59.4 35-44 Age 37.0 45-54 28.6 55-64 Percent of Adults, Ages 18-64, who have been tested for HIV, by Sex, Race and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2004 HIV Te st Tota l Sex Ra ce Age Male Female W hite Bla ck 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI Ge orgia 20224 53.6 52.6-54.5 52.8 51.3-54.3 54.3 53.2-55.5 47.1 46.0-48.2 67.3 65.5-69.0 62.3 61.1-63.5 37.0 35.6-38.3 1-1 1013 46.0 42.4-49.6 43.3 37.7-49.1 48.7 44.2-53.2 45.6 41.8-49.5 NA NA 56.1 51.2-60.8 27.0 22.6-32.0 1-2 871 50.4 46.3-54.4 50.6 44.5-56.8 50.1 45.0-55.2 49.0 44.7-53.2 NA NA 60.2 54.8-65.4 32.5 27.4-37.9 2-0 1332 46.7 42.9-50.4 44.7 38.7-50.8 48.7 44.4-52.9 45.7 42.0-49.4 NA NA 55.1 50.4-59.8 31.7 25.6-38.4 3-1 997 54.7 51.0-58.3 56.6 50.9-62.1 52.8 48.1-57.5 48.4 44.0-52.8 79.3 72.0-85.1 63.3 58.8-67.6 36.3 30.4-42.7 3-2 943 61.4 57.5-65.2 62.3 55.9-68.3 60.6 55.6-65.4 50.6 44.9-56.3 74.7 69.0-79.7 67.9 62.9-72.4 47.3 40.9-53.9 3-3 874 62.8 58.3-67.0 60.3 52.8-67.4 65.1 60.1-69.7 53.7 45.9-61.4 70.5 64.8-75.6 70.3 64.7-75.4 43.9 37.2-51.0 3-4 971 51.5 47.8-55.3 50.7 45.1-56.2 52.4 47.3-57.4 47.1 42.6-51.5 68.6 59.3-76.6 59.6 54.8-64.3 33.9 28.6-39.6 3-5 957 62.3 58.4-66.1 63.3 56.7-69.4 61.4 56.8-65.8 56.2 50.4-61.8 68.7 62.8-74.1 69.1 64.1-73.7 45.8 39.8-51.9 4-0 958 47.9 44.1-51.7 46.0 40.0-52.2 49.7 45.0-54.3 43.2 39.1-47.5 62.1 53.2-70.2 57.8 52.7-62.7 30.3 25.7-35.5 5-1 1279 48.5 44.9-52.2 46.4 40.7-52.2 50.6 46.0-55.1 43.0 38.8-47.4 62.6 55.4-69.2 57.1 52.3-61.8 34.1 29.0-39.5 5-2 926 55.4 51.6-59.1 54.0 48.1-59.8 56.7 52.0-61.2 49.8 45.1-54.6 64.4 58.0-70.4 66.2 61.3-70.8 35.3 30.3-40.6 6-0 1360 54.3 51.0-57.5 52.8 47.6-57.9 55.7 51.6-59.7 46.6 42.4-50.9 64.0 58.5-69.1 63.6 59.5-67.6 37.2 32.4-42.3 7-0 995 56.8 53.1-60.5 56.2 50.1-62.1 57.4 52.9-61.9 51.3 46.2-56.4 62.8 56.8-68.4 65.5 60.5-70.1 40.1 34.7-45.7 8-1 838 57.0 53.0-61.0 55.6 49.2-61.8 58.4 53.4-63.3 49.5 44.6-54.5 74.9 67.7-80.9 64.4 59.2-69.3 41.3 35.5-47.4 8-2 1345 55.3 51.9-58.7 52.4 47.1-57.6 58.0 53.6-62.3 49.6 45.1-54.1 62.2 56.5-67.6 64.3 59.7-68.6 40.0 35.1-45.1 9-1 1941 60.5 57.9-63.0 59.3 55.2-63.3 61.6 58.3-64.9 56.6 53.4-59.7 70.1 64.8-74.9 69.2 66.0-72.3 41.2 37.1-45.3 9-2 1356 52.0 48.5-55.5 50.4 45.1-55.7 53.6 49.0-58.1 49.4 45.3-53.4 58.6 50.4-66.3 58.5 53.8-63.0 39.5 34.6-44.6 10-0 1268 44.5 41.1-47.9 43.9 38.6-49.3 45.1 40.9-49.3 41.3 37.6-45.2 57.7 49.1-65.9 50.8 46.5-55.2 31.1 26.1-36.6 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 33 Health Insurance 34 50 Access to preventive services and health care 40 can prevent or improve the outcomes of many Percent diseases. Factors that determine whether people 30 will have access to services like screenings and 20 treatment is health care coverage. Access to 10 quality health care can help eliminate disparities in disease and disease outcomes and can improve 0 the quality and length of life for people living in Georgia. Access to health care can be limited both by lack of health insurance and by insuffi- cient coverage. People who cannot afford to see a doctor or a health-care professional for either of these reasons are at risk for adverse health out- comes. 50 Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Sex, Georgia 2004 19.3 Male Sex 14.8 Female Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 40 Adults with No Health Insurance, 30 Percent Georgia 2004: 17.0% 20 Healthy People 2010 Objective: 0% 10 13.0 0 White The prevalence of adults with no health insur- ance is significantly higher among blacks than whites and among adults 18-34 years of age as compared to adults age 35 years or more. 22.1 Black Race/Ethnicity 29.0 Hispanic 29.8 Other Percent Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Age, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 30.8 24.0 14.8 15.6 11.3 2.7 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, by Income, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 27.1 0 33.5 Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 26.1 15.7 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 Income 4.8 $50,000-$74,999 4.7 $75,000 or more Percent Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance by Sex, Race and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2000-2004 Not Insure d Tota l Sex Ra ce Age Male Female W hite Bla ck 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI Ge orgia 26333 15.6 15.0-16.3 17.0 15.9-18.1 14.4 13.6-15.1 12.0 11.4-12.7 21.4 19.9-23.0 20.3 19.3-21.3 12.9 12.0-13.9 2.7 2.0-3.5 1-1 1342 14.8 12.6-17.4 15.4 11.9-19.6 14.3 11.7-17.4 13.8 11.6-16.4 19.8 12.4-30.2 20.6 17.0-24.7 10.3 7.6-13.9 2.8 1.0-7.9 1-2 1140 14.0 11.5-16.8 15.6 11.7-20.4 12.4 9.6-15.8 12.5 10.1-15.4 NA NA 18.9 15.0-23.6 9.8 7.1-13.4 1.5 0.5-4.7 2-0 1817 14.9 12.6-17.5 15.7 12.2-20.1 14.1 11.5-17.1 14.4 12.1-17.2 NA NA 20.5 16.9-24.8 11.6 8.7-15.2 2.0 0.7-5.1 3-1 1218 11.4 9.2-14.2 13.1 9.5-17.8 9.9 7.4-13.1 7.9 5.7-10.9 19.3 13.6-26.7 13.9 10.7-17.8 10.1 6.7-15.0 NA NA 3-2 1154 15.9 13.4-18.9 16.7 12.6-21.8 15.2 12.3-18.6 6.6 4.4-9.8 25.6 20.8-31.2 18.5 14.9-22.7 13.1 9.3-18.1 7.5 2.8-18.6 3-3 1048 17.0 14.0-20.5 18.0 13.2-24.2 16.1 12.7-20.1 13.6 9.4-19.2 18.0 14.0-22.9 20.7 16.5-25.7 13.9 9.7-19.5 0.5 0.1-3.7 3-4 1193 13.2 10.7-16.2 12.8 9.4-17.1 13.7 10.2-18.1 10.5 8.0-13.7 20.4 13.2-30.2 17.3 13.7-21.7 7.6 5.0-11.5 3.2 1.0-10.0 3-5 1180 16.4 13.6-19.6 18.6 13.9-24.5 14.3 11.5-17.8 7.9 5.3-11.6 22.3 17.7-27.8 20.0 16.0-24.7 12.7 9.0-17.6 1.5 0.4-5.9 4-0 1223 14.3 11.9-17.1 17.3 13.2-22.4 11.5 9.2-14.4 11.5 9.2-14.4 21.5 14.7-30.2 18.9 15.0-23.4 12.1 9.0-16.0 1.7 0.4-6.5 5-1 1801 16.0 13.9-18.3 16.3 13.0-20.3 15.7 13.2-18.5 14.2 11.9-16.9 19.8 15.5-25.0 19.1 15.8-22.9 18.3 14.7-22.5 3.0 1.6-5.8 5-2 1279 13.0 10.9-15.5 13.0 9.8-17.1 13.1 10.5-16.1 8.6 6.7-11.1 18.3 14.1-23.4 17.8 14.4-21.9 10.6 7.8-14.2 2.0 0.7-6.1 6-0 1803 16.9 14.7-19.2 18.0 14.6-21.9 15.9 13.4-18.8 13.3 10.9-16.1 22.2 18.2-26.9 20.7 17.4-24.3 17.3 13.9-21.4 1.9 1.0-3.7 7-0 1291 15.2 12.8-17.9 15.6 11.8-20.3 14.9 12.1-18.1 12.3 9.7-15.3 17.9 13.7-23.0 19.0 15.3-23.4 14.5 11.2-18.6 2.5 0.8-7.1 8-1 1118 19.5 16.7-22.7 21.5 16.9-26.9 17.7 14.6-21.3 16.6 13.4-20.3 22.4 17.1-28.8 24.0 19.7-29.0 19.0 14.8-24.2 4.5 1.9-10.0 8-2 1808 19.4 17.1-22.1 19.7 16.0-24.1 19.2 16.3-22.4 17.7 14.7-21.1 21.6 17.7-26.1 26.8 22.8-31.1 15.9 12.9-19.6 3.8 1.9-7.3 9-1 2467 16.1 14.3-18.0 17.0 14.3-20.2 15.1 13.0-17.6 12.6 10.8-14.6 22.0 17.8-26.7 20.1 17.4-23.0 14.2 11.5-17.4 3.2 1.6-6.3 9-2 1820 21.1 18.7-23.6 22.3 18.6-26.4 19.9 17.1-23.1 17.8 15.4-20.5 30.4 24.0-37.6 27.3 23.6-31.3 19.6 16.0-23.7 2.0 0.9-4.7 10-0 1631 15.1 12.9-17.6 15.6 12.1-19.9 14.6 12.1-17.6 13.6 11.2-16.3 19.0 13.8-25.4 19.2 16.1-22.9 12.7 9.1-17.4 2.1 0.7-5.9 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 35 Disability 36 A disability is defined as a limitation in activity as a result of physical, mental or emotional problems or having a health issue that requires use of special equipment, such as a cane, wheelchair or special telephone. People living with disability may have difficulty performing functional activities or activities of daily living. Disability may require the use of special equipment like a cane, crutches, or a walker. Disabilities acquired early in life are referred to as developmental disabilities. As a potentially underserved group, people with disabilities may experience lack of access to health services and medical care and may be at increased risk for various conditions. Adults with a Disability, Georgia 2004: 19.2 % The prevalence of having a disability is significantly higher among older population (55+), adults with no health coverage and adults with income less than $15,000. Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults who have a Disability, by Sex, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 17.1 0 Male 21.2 Female Sex Percent of Adults who have a Disability, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 20.7 0 W hite 17.7 Black Race/Ethnicity 8.9 Hispanic 16.7 Other Percent of Adults who have a Disability, by Income, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 43.8 0 Less than $15,000 22.6 $15,000$24,999 16.8 14.3 $25,000- $35,000- $34,999 $49,999 Income 17.7 $50,000$74,999 10.6 $75,000 or more Percent of Adults who have a Disability, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 17.6 0 Health Coverage 24.1 No Health Coverage Access to Medical Care Percent Percent of Adults who have a Disability, by Age, Georgia 2004 50 40 30 20 10 10.0 9.7 11.6 20.6 33.7 41.4 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults with a Disability by Sex, Race and Age, Georgia Health Districts, 2001, 2003 & 2004 Disa bility Tota l Sex Ra ce Age Male Female W hite Bla ck 18-44 45-64 65+ N % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI % 95% CI Ge orgia 16944 18.2 17.5-19.0 16.4 15.3-17.6 20.0 19.0-20.9 19.8 18.9-20.7 15.5 14.1-17.0 10.5 9.6-11.4 24.5 23.1-25.9 36.0 33.8-38.2 1-1 810 18.0 15.3-21.0 16.4 12.4-21.4 19.5 16.1-23.4 18.8 15.8-22.2 13.9 7.2-25.1 9.8 7.0-13.5 24.3 19.2-30.3 34.7 26.5-43.9 1-2 672 20.0 16.6-23.8 19.0 13.8-25.5 20.9 16.8-25.6 20.7 17.1-24.9 NA NA 12.0 8.0-17.6 27.5 21.5-34.4 37.5 28.8-47.1 2-0 1374 18.8 16.5-21.4 16.9 13.5-20.9 20.7 17.7-24.1 18.4 16.0-21.0 NA NA 11.1 8.5-14.3 25.2 20.9-30.2 31.8 25.5-38.8 3-1 717 15.5 12.8-18.7 16.9 12.6-22.3 14.2 11.2-17.9 17.9 14.5-21.9 9.0 5.0-15.8 8.6 6.0-12.3 23.0 17.4-29.8 37.4 27.1-49.1 3-2 658 15.8 12.7-19.6 11.8 8.1-17.0 19.6 15.0-25.3 15.9 11.5-21.6 16.1 11.4-22.1 10.5 7.0-15.5 22.0 15.9-29.5 33.3 23.0-45.6 3-3 627 16.1 12.8-20.1 13.5 8.9-19.8 18.5 14.0-24.0 21.1 15.1-28.7 11.8 8.1-16.7 11.9 8.0-17.3 23.5 17.2-31.2 28.5 17.5-42.9 3-4 759 14.2 11.6-17.2 12.6 8.9-17.4 15.8 12.5-19.9 15.2 12.2-18.7 10.2 5.6-17.8 8.6 5.9-12.5 20.2 15.4-26.1 33.6 23.9-44.9 3-5 654 13.8 11.1-17.0 13.8 9.7-19.2 13.8 10.5-18.0 17.3 12.9-22.9 10.9 7.6-15.4 9.2 6.2-13.5 19.0 14.0-25.3 29.7 20.0-41.7 4-0 726 17.7 14.8-21.1 16.1 11.8-21.6 19.2 15.6-23.5 18.0 14.6-21.9 17.9 11.9-26.0 12.9 9.3-17.7 18.8 14.2-24.4 34.4 25.8-44.0 5-1 1265 22.0 19.2-25.1 22.1 17.5-27.4 22.0 18.9-25.4 22.2 19.0-25.8 21.9 16.0-29.3 13.3 10.0-17.4 29.1 23.6-35.3 36.3 29.8-43.2 5-2 746 19.0 16.2-22.2 18.6 14.2-24.0 19.4 16.0-23.4 21.7 18.0-26.0 14.7 10.6-20.2 9.5 6.7-13.2 28.2 22.4-34.8 34.7 27.1-43.2 6-0 1265 19.8 17.3-22.5 16.2 12.6-20.6 23.0 19.8-26.5 20.3 17.2-23.9 19.2 15.0-24.3 10.1 7.5-13.5 28.4 23.7-33.6 38.8 31.5-46.7 7-0 803 20.5 17.4-24.1 22.8 17.7-28.9 18.4 14.9-22.6 22.2 18.0-27.1 16.7 12.2-22.4 12.3 8.7-17.1 30.5 24.4-37.2 32.7 24.4-42.3 8-1 656 19.0 15.9-22.5 14.5 10.4-20.0 23.2 19.0-28.0 21.3 17.4-25.7 14.3 9.2-21.4 10.7 7.4-15.4 25.8 19.9-32.6 37.2 28.5-46.7 8-2 1277 19.4 16.9-22.1 17.2 13.6-21.5 21.3 18.1-25.0 20.5 17.1-24.3 16.8 13.2-21.2 9.2 6.7-12.5 26.3 21.8-31.4 39.1 31.5-47.2 9-1 1467 18.3 16.1-20.8 14.4 11.4-18.1 22.0 18.8-25.5 17.7 15.1-20.7 22.6 17.4-28.7 12.1 9.3-15.5 24.7 20.5-29.4 31.0 24.9-37.9 9-2 1316 23.7 21.0-26.7 23.1 18.8-27.9 24.3 21.0-28.0 25.2 22.0-28.7 17.2 12.2-23.7 13.6 10.4-17.6 34.0 29.1-39.4 40.3 33.4-47.7 10-0 1152 19.1 16.4-22.1 16.4 12.5-21.2 21.6 18.1-25.5 19.7 16.6-23.1 15.2 9.8-22.8 12.2 9.0-16.3 23.1 18.3-28.6 41.8 34.0-50.0 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are considered unreliable because the 95% CI exceeds the recommended width. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 37 Healthy People 2010 Table 38 Year 2010 Health Objectives for the Nation: Summary of BRFSS Data, Georgia, 2001-2004 Healthy People 2010 1 Objectives 2 Georgia Georgia 2001 2002 Georgia 2003 Georgia 2004 Year 2010 Target Health Outcomes Obese, BMI > 30 (Objective # 19.2) Ages > 20 years 23% 24% 26% Diabetes, Clinically Diagnosed (Objective #5.3) 7% 7% 8% Ages >18 years Limitation in Activities Due to Arthritis 54% 41% (Objective #2.2) Adults with Chronic Joint Symptoms, Ages >18 yrs High Blood Pressure (Objective #12.9) Ages > 20 years 28% 29% 25% < 15% 7% < 2.5% < 30% < 16% Health-related Behaviors No Leisure Time Physical Activity (Objective # 22. 27% 26% 25% Ages >18 years Regular Moderate Physical Activity, 5 or more 40% 42% days/week for 30 or more minutes or Vigorous Physical Activity, 3 or more days per week for 20 minutes or more per day (Objective # 22.2) Ages > 18 years Regular, Vigorous Physical Activity, 3 or more 23% 25% Days/Week for 20 or more Minutes (Objective #22. Ages >18 years Cigarette Smoking (Objective # 27.1a) Ages > 18 years 24% 23% 23% Binge Drinking, During Past Month (Objective # 12% 13% 13% 26.11c) Ages > 18 years 26% < 20% > 50% > 30% 20% < 12% 12% < 6% Healthy People 2010 Objectives (cont'd) Georgia Georgia 2001 2002 Georgia 2003 Georgia 2004 Year 2010 Target 1 Healthy People 2010 is designed to achieve two overarching goals: 1. Increase quality and years of healthy life, 2. Eliminate health disparities. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Healthy People 2010. 2nd edition, Washington DC:U.S. Government Printing Office, November 2000. 2 In some cases, BRFSS definitions of objectives differ slightly from those in Healthy People 2010. See Healthy People 2010 for the exact definition of the objective. Data were not collected in that year. ** Met Year 2010 target. Screening/Immunizations Pap Smear, Ever Had (Objective #3.11a) Women, Ages >18 years Pap Smear, Within Past Three Years (Objective #3.11b) Women, Ages >18 years Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) Within Past Two Years (Objective #3.12a) Ages > 50 years Sigmoidoscopy, Ever Had (Objective #3.12b) Ages > 50 years Mammogram, Within Past Two Years (Objective #3.13) Women, Ages > 40 years Cholesterol Screening, Within Past Five Years (Objective #12.15) Ages >18 years Influenza Immunization, Within Past Year (Objective # 14.29a) Ages > 65 years Pneumococcal Immunization, Ever Had (Objective # 14.29b) Ages > 65 years 94% 88% 32% 49% 79%** 75% 62% 58% 96% 87% 30% 76%** 59% 57% 97%** 88% 76%** 75% 67% 61% Access to Health Care Health Insurance (Objective # 1.1) Ages > 18 years Specific Source of Ongoing Primary Care (Objective #1.4c) Ages > 18 years 86% 77% 84% 77% 84% 77% 95% 85% > 97% > 90% 26% > 50% 54%** 75%** > 50% > 70% > 80% 64% > 90% 59% > 90% 83% 79% = 100% > 96% 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 39 Data Tables 40 Total Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other Age 18-24 (18-34 Diabetes) 25-34 35-44 (40-44 Mammography) 45-54 (50-54 Sigmoidoscopy/Colonscopy) 55-64 65+ Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Access to Medical Care Health Coverage No Health Coverage N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are not available because sample size <50. Obesity (BMI > 30) Diabetes N=4826 N=5041 n % 95 % CI n % 95 % CI 1276 24.7 23.0-26.5 488 7.3 6.5-8.2 Asthma N=5022 n % 95 % CI 383 7.4 6.4-8.6 Cigarette Smoking No Leisure Time Physical Activity N=5026 N=5039 n % 95 % CI n % 95 % CI 980 20.0 18.4-21.6 1499 25.8 24.2-27.4 468 25.1 22.4-28.0 185 7.6 6.3-9.1 808 24.4 22.4-26.5 303 7.0 6.0-8.2 94 5.2 4.1-6.8 419 22.3 19.8-25.0 473 21.6 19.3-24.2 289 9.5 7.9-11.4 561 17.8 16.0-19.6 1026 29.7 27.6-31.9 811 22.6 20.7-24.5 315 6.8 5.9-7.9 250 7.1 6.0-8.4 701 20.3 18.5-22.1 974 23.9 22.1-25.7 402 32.1 28.1-36.4 158 9.8 7.9-12.1 103 8.5 6.0-12.0 208 19.4 16.2-23.0 419 29.9 26.3-33.7 21 17.2 9.7-28.7 5 2.4 0.8-6.7 5 4.6 1.6-12.8 16 10.2 5.1-19.1 31 18.6 11.4-28.9 37 18.0 11.8-26.5 9 4.3 1.9-9.6 23 7.4 4.3-12.3 49 24.2 16.8-33.5 67 32.3 24.3-41.4 62 16.1 11.1-22.6 16 1.3 0.7-2.3 32 12.2 7.6-19.1 96 26.5 20.8-33.2 68 15.4 11.3-20.7 187 23.4 19.4-27.9 48 4.7 3.2-6.7 39 5.3 3.5-7.8 172 23.1 19.5-27.2 168 18.3 15.2-21.8 255 27.0 23.4-30.9 82 8.0 6.1-10.4 71 6.9 5.2-9.0 198 18.2 15.3-21.5 234 22.8 19.6-26.3 293 28.6 24.8-32.6 82 8.0 6.1-10.4 71 6.4 4.8-8.6 244 22.5 19.4-26.0 308 30.2 26.4-34.3 259 32.5 28.3-36.9 138 15.4 12.4-18.9 92 8.6 6.7-11.2 157 16.8 13.9-20.3 305 34.7 30.5-39.1 217 21.1 18.0-24.6 201 19.0 16.0-22.3 75 7.0 5.2-9.4 111 11.2 8.8-14.3 410 40.0 36.1-44.0 215 33.1 26.3-40.8 125 16.1 12.4-20.7 100 16.2 10.5-24.1 163 27.7 22.3-33.8 313 44.3 37.6-51.3 229 28.0 23.7-32.7 97 10.2 7.8-13.4 60 7.6 5.4-10.5 201 26.5 22.3-31.1 301 32.5 28.2-37.1 157 30.0 24.2-36.6 47 6.6 4.6-9.5 50 7.9 5.4-11.3 137 20.7 16.8-25.2 173 26.6 21.9-31.9 209 30.5 26.2-35.2 65 7.2 5.3-9.7 52 7.2 5.0-10.4 157 26.0 21.3-31.3 188 24.6 20.4-29.3 161 20.5 17.1-24.5 43 4.2 3.0-6.0 31 5.7 3.7-8.6 119 16.7 13.4-20.5 144 21.9 18.0-26.3 160 17.1 14.1-20.5 36 3.6 2.4-5.5 39 4.5 3.0-6.7 90 10.7 8.3-13.7 126 13.1 10.7-16.1 913 23.1 21.3-25.0 371 7.3 6.3-8.3 361 29.4 25.5-33.6 116 7.5 5.8-9.7 257 7.1 5.9-8.6 633 16.3 14.8-18.0 1049 24.0 22.3-25.8 124 8.2 6.4-10.4 345 30.6 26.8-34.7 446 31.2 27.5-35.1 Data Tables Binge Drinking Total Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 (40 - 44 Mammography) 45-54 (50 - 54 Sigmoidoscopy/ 55-64 65+ Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Access to Medical Care Health Coverage No Health Coverage N=4988 n % 95 % CI 455 12.1 10.7-13.6 307 18.9 16.4-21.6 148 5.8 4.7-7.1 333 12.5 11.0-14.2 93 11.3 8.4-14.9 10 8.0 3.8-16.0 19 15.5 8.6-26.3 74 21.4 16.3-27.4 116 18.1 14.4-22.5 114 12.8 10.3-15.8 95 9.7 7.4-12.6 38 5.3 3.3-8.6 17 1.7 1.0-3.1 33 6.8 4.1-11.1 81 14.1 10.5-18.6 54 14.4 9.5-21.3 67 10.4 7.5-14.2 72 13.7 10.4-17.7 112 14.4 11.7-17.8 328 11.1 9.7-12.6 127 15.3 11.9-19.3 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are not available because sample size <50. Loaded, unlocked Firearm N=4644 n % 95 % CI 442 8.2 7.3-9.3 258 11.7 10.0-13.6 184 4.9 4.0-6.0 358 10.0 8.8-11.5 65 5.6 4.0-7.6 5 2.8 0.9-8.3 14 4.5 2.2-8.8 15 3.7 1.9-6.9 53 6.8 4.8-9.5 84 8.5 6.5-11.0 105 10.0 7.7-12.7 97 13.0 10.3-16.3 86 7.8 6.1-10.0 39 4.5 3.0-6.6 61 6.6 4.8-9.1 39 5.0 3.3-7.4 68 8.9 6.5-12.0 79 10.7 8.1-14.0 113 12.2 9.7-15.2 370 9.4 8.2-10.7 72 4.8 3.5-6.5 Thoughts of Suicide N=4804 n % 95 % CI 287 6.5 5.6-7.6 98 6.2 4.8-8.0 189 6.8 5.6-8.3 199 6.4 5.3-7.7 64 6.4 4.6-8.8 5 2.0 0.6-6.3 17 11.2 5.9-21.1 43 12.2 8.2-17.7 53 6.9 4.9-9.6 72 7.3 5.4-9.7 63 6.1 4.3-8.4 33 3.6 2.3-5.5 21 2.4 1.4-4.0 59 9.4 6.4-13.6 57 9.4 6.5-13.4 36 6.1 3.9-9.5 44 8.1 5.4-12.0 31 5.1 3.3-7.8 25 3.3 2.0-5.1 150 4.2 3.4-5.2 135 13.4 10.6-16.8 Mammogram in past 2 years N=2144 n % 95 % CI 1573 74.5 71.9-76.9 1573 74.5 71.9-76.9 1163 74.6 71.7-77.4 349 73.4 67.4-78.6 15 83.3 59.0-94.5 39 76.7 61.5-87.1 203 69.3 62.4-75.4 450 75.9 71.4-80.0 416 79.4 74.0-83.8 504 72.8 67.9-77.2 211 56.9 49.1-64.3 239 68.2 61.3-74.4 176 77.1 69.8-83.1 202 77.6 70.7-83.3 205 80.7 73.8-86.1 256 81.1 74.6-86.2 1340 78.7 75.9-81.2 231 57.3 50.7-63.7 Pap Test in past 2 years N=1974 n % 95 % CI 1728 87.5 84.7-89.8 1728 87.5 84.7-89.8 1163 87.8 85.2-90.0 471 87.6 80.1-92.5 36 74.1 47.4-90.1 54 90.8 80.3-96.0 158 74.9 62.3-84.3 396 92.5 88.0-95.4 421 94.5 91.6-96.4 343 93.2 89.8-95.5 206 86.4 80.7-90.7 204 68.9 61.4-75.6 173 68.6 52.2-81.4 274 84.6 78.0-89.4 210 91.3 85.5-94.9 263 92.7 88.0-95.6 265 92.7 87.7-95.7 318 94.0 89.2-96.7 1346 89.6 86.4-92.2 381 81.1 75.4-85.7 n 1251 440 811 1005 205 8 24 175 463 613 183 198 133 144 162 192 1095 153 Sigmoidoscopy /Colonoscopy N=2331 % 95 % CI 53.7 51.0-56.4 54.4 53.2 50.0-58.7 49.8-56.5 55.2 52.3 41.8 37.3 52.2-58.2 45.9-58.7 20.1-67.3 21.5-56.4 36.2 57.2 62.1 45.8 51.8 56.9 47.3 63.8 53.7 56.4 41.2 30.8-42.0 52.8-61.4 58.0-66.0 38.4-53.4 45.2-58.4 48.5-64.9 40.2-54.4 56.0-71.0 47.1-60.1 53.5-59.3 34.1-48.6 NA=Estimates are not available because sample size <50. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 41 Data Tables 42 Influenza Total Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or more Access to Medical Care Health Coverage No Health Coverage Vaccination N=1031 n % 95 % CI 657 64.4 60.5-68.2 225 67.4 60.9-73.4 432 62.4 57.5-67.1 569 71.8 67.7-75.5 66 36.0 26.9-46.2 6 94.4 64.3-99.4 11 38.4 19.9-61.1 657 64.4 60.5-68.2 118 55.0 45.7-64.0 141 61.8 53.4-69.5 88 68.1 57.2-77.4 57 59.0 45.8-71.0 46 76.1 62.8-85.8 36 66.7 50.1-80.0 603 65.2 61.1-69.1 53 57.7 43.1-71.1 N=number of respondents. NA=Estimates are not available because sample size <50. Pneumococcal Vaccination N=990 n % 95 % CI 596 59.4 55.3-63.4 193 58.2 51.2-64.9 403 60.2 55.3-65.0 518 66.4 62.1-70.4 54 28.2 20.2-37.7 596 59.4 55.3-63.4 . 114 52.9 43.3-62.2 132 59.4 51.0-67.2 78 58.7 47.7-68.9 52 55.8 42.7-68.0 41 63.7 48.5-76.6 31 61.3 44.0-76.1 547 59.8 55.6-63.9 49 57.1 42.3-70.8 n 1759 679 1080 991 631 54 75 166 517 512 356 208 209 272 250 290 289 312 1230 528 HIV Test N=3701 % 95 % CI 51.4 49.2-53.7 49.8 46.3-53.2 53.1 50.3-55.9 43.0 40.5-45.7 69.0 64.6-73.1 52.7 38.6-66.4 51.0 40.3-61.7 46.8 39.4-54.2 71.5 66.8-75.7 59.4 55.2-63.4 37.0 32.9-41.3 28.6 24.5-33.2 58.2 49.5-66.5 52.2 46.1-58.3 61.9 54.9-68.5 55.9 50.4-61.2 54.2 49.0-59.3 45.0 40.5-49.5 49.9 47.4-52.4 55.9 51.3-60.5 No Health Coverage N=5029 n % 95 % CI 723 17.0 15.5-18.7 295 19.3 16.7-22.2 428 14.8 13.1-16.7 393 13.0 11.4-14.7 245 22.1 18.7-26.1 31 29.0 18.7-42.1 48 29.8 21.4-39.8 114 30.8 24.8-37.6 169 24.0 20.0-28.5 158 14.8 11.9-18.2 152 15.6 12.7-19.1 104 11.3 8.5-14.9 23 2.7 1.4-5.3 161 27.1 21.8-33.1 223 33.5 28.8-38.6 101 26.1 20.2-33.1 73 15.7 11.7-20.8 34 4.8 3.2-7.0 33 4.7 3.1-7.3 n 1160 374 786 847 248 17 42 40 70 131 223 282 405 316 211 123 118 108 98 799 359 Disability N=4901 % 95 % CI 19.2 17.8-20.7 17.1 21.2 15.0-19.5 19.4-23.2 20.7 17.7 8.9 16.7 19.0-22.5 14.8-21.0 4.6-16.5 10.8-24.8 10.0 9.7 11.6 20.6 33.7 41.4 6.7-14.6 7.2-13.0 9.3-14.5 17.3-24.2 29.5-38.1 37.5-45.5 43.8 22.6 16.8 14.3 17.7 10.6 36.9-50.9 18.9-26.8 13.4-20.8 11.3-17.8 13.9-22.2 8.3-13.5 17.6 24.1 16.1-19.3 21.0-27.6 Methods Georgia has been conducting the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) since 1984. In 2004, approximately 420 Georgia residents age 18 and older were interviewed each month by telephone about health conditions, behaviors, and the use of preventive services. The total sample size was 5,044. The average monthly co-operation rate for 2004 was 73%. The 2004 BRFSS used a Disproportionate Stratified Sample (DSS) design. Telephone numbers were classified into two strata based on the presumed density of residential telephone numbers. Telephone numbers in the high-density strata were sampled at a higher rate than numbers in the low-density strata. The sample was further stratified to yield approximately equal numbers of respondents in each of the then 19 Health Districts in Georgia. In January 2005, two Health Districts merged, making a current total of 18 Health Districts (see page 1). The 2004 BRFSS questionnaire covered a range of topics, on health behaviors and conditions. This report contains selected risk factors, protective factors, and conditions, including obesity, diabetes, asthma, cigarette smoking, leisure time physical activity, binge drinking, firearms, suicide, mammography, Pap test, colorectal screenings, flu shot, pneumonia vaccination, HIV/AIDS testing, health insurance and disability. Participation in the survey was random, anonymous, and confidential. Respondents were randomly selected from among the adult members of the non-institutional households in Georgia. Trained interviewers administered the questionnaire, and data were entered during the interview via computer using CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) software. Households without telephones (approximately 8% of households in Georgia) and households that use cellular telephones only are not represented in the sampling frame. At the end of the year, data from the monthly surveys were compiled and weighted to represent the age, race, and sex-distribution of the adult population in Georgia and to adjust for an individual's probability of selection. Weighting also adjusts for non-response to the extent that non-responders are similar to responders. Estimates for the Health Districts were weighted to the age-, race-, and sex-specific population of the District. Analysis for this report was performed using statistical software that accounts for the complex survey sample design, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all estimates. Significant differences among demographic groups were identified by comparing confidence interval overlap. In addition to the 2004 estimates for Georgia, this report also contains district estimates by selected demographic characteristics (age, race and sex). BRFSS data from 2000 to 2004 were aggregated in order to increase the sample size and reduce the statistical variability of demographic estimates. The sample size in 2000 was 4,114, in 2001 was 4,532, in 2002 was 5,065 and in 2003 was 7,651. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 43 44 Sample & Population Demographic Distribution Table Total Sex Male Fem ale Demographic Distribution Sample Sample % Population N % N 5044 6,488,915 Weighted % % 1904 3140 37.8 62.3 3,158,004 3,330,911 48.7 51.3 Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other 3509 1212 107 182 70.0 24.2 2.1 3.6 4,084,076 1,777,178 231,554 356,492 63.3 27.6 3.6 5.5 Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ 372 780 967 991 863 1036 7.4 15.6 19.3 19.8 17.2 20.7 898,972 1,345,581 1,403,353 1,159,975 786,121 852,414 14.0 20.9 21.8 18.0 12.2 13.2 Income Less than $15,000 $15,000-$24,999 $25,000-$34,999 $35,000-$49,999 $50,000-$74,999 $75,000 or m ore 626 14.5 609,692 10.9 803 18.6 943,512 16.9 588 13.6 728,644 13.0 721 16.7 983,642 17.6 703 16.3 965,389 17.3 874 20.3 1,363,202 24.4 Access to Medical Care Yes No 3873 1156 77.0 23.0 4,811,391 1,657,017 74.4 25.6 Definitions Risk Factor Definitions among Adult Georgia BRFSS Respondents Obesity: A body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 30.0. BMI is measured as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Diabetes: Having ever been told by a doctor that they have diabetes. Asthma: Having ever been told by a doctor, nurse, or other health professional that they have asthma and still have asthma. Cigarette Smoking: Having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and who are current smokers. No Leisure Time Physical Activity: Not participating in any physical activities or exercise during the past 30 days. Binge Drinking: Having 5 or more drinks on an occasion during the past 30 days. Firearms: A loaded and unlocked firearm in home. Suicide: Having had thoughts of taking own life, even if would not really do it in the last 12 months. Mammography: Women, age 40 and older, who had a mammogram within the past two years. Pap Test: Women, not having had a hysterectomy and have had a Pap smear within the past three years. 2004GEORGIA BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM REPORT 45 46 Colorectal Cancer Screening (Sigmoidoscopy/Colonoscopy): Adults aged 50+ that have had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy. Influenza Vaccination: Adults, ages 65 and older, who have had a flu shot within the past 12 months. Pneumonia Vaccination: Adults, ages 65 and older, who have ever had a pneumonia vaccination. HIV/AIDS Testing: Adults, ages 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV. Health Insurance: Having no health care plan. Disability: Having activity limitation because of physical, mental, or emotional problems or who require the use of special equipment, such as a cane, wheelchair, special bed, or special telephone. Demographic Definitions Race/Ethnicity: Race/ethnicity is based on responses to questions about race and Hispanic origin. Hispanics may be of any race; white, black and other exclude persons who reported they were Hispanic. Other includes multiracial and all race categories other than black or white. Income: Self-reported annual household income from all sources. Access to Medical Care: Adults with no access to medical care were not able to see a doctor because of cost within the last year or have no health insurance.