Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2000 Report Table of Contents Page Chapter 1 Introduction 2 Overweight or Obese 4 Diabetes 6 Asthma 8 Cigarette Smoking 10 Physical Activity 12 Fruits and Vegetables 14 Mammography 16 Pap Test 18 Flu Shot 20 Pneumonia Immunization 22 Folic Acid 24 HIV/AIDS Testing 26 Health Insurance 28 Fair or Poor Health 30 Frequent Mental Distress 32 Data Tables 35 Methods 36 Definitions Acknowledgements Georgia Department of Human Resources Division of Public Health Epidemiology Branch Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section Jim Martin, Commissioner Kathleen E. Toomey, M.D., M.P.H., Director Paul Blake, M.D., M.P.H. Kenneth E. Powell, M.D., M.P.H. The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System is supported in part through Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cooperative Agreement U58/CCU400591. Special thanks to Rosa J. Ergas for programming and analysis and to Jimmy Clanton, Jr. for design and layout. Without the cooperation and participation of the Georgia residents who complete the telephone survey, the BRFSS would not be possible. Suggested Citation: Martin LM, Ergas RJ, Powell KE, Clanton J. Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2000 Report. Georgia Department of Human Resources, Division of Public Health, Chronic Disease, Injury, and Environmental Epidemiology Section, March 2002. Publication number DPH02.22HW. Introduction Many behaviors are related to health. Healthy behaviors include everyday activities such as eating and walking, and use of health services such as vaccinations and periodic screening examinations. Unhealthy behaviors and the lack of preventive medical services increase the risk of some chronic diseases, infections, and injuries. Efforts to reduce death and disability from chronic diseases, infections, and injuries often include efforts to change behaviors and increase the use of preventive medical services. The Georgia Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is a primary source of information on the major health risk behaviors and the use of clinical preventive services among adult Georgians. This report presents 2000 BRFSS data for Georgia and for the 19 Public Health Districts. For eight of the risk factors in this report national Healthy People 2010 objectives have been identified. These objectives represent targets to be reached by the year 2010 and support the overarching goals of Healthy People 2010 to increase the quality and years of healthy life and eliminate health disparities. Georgia Public Health Districts District 1-1, Northwest (Rome) District 1-2, North Georgia (Dalton) District 2, North (Gainesville) District 3-1, Cobb/Douglas District 3-2, Fulton District 3-3, Clayton County (Morrow) District 3-4, East Metro (Lawrenceville) District 3-5, DeKalb District 4, LaGrange District 5-1, South Central (Dublin) District 5-2, North Central (Macon) District 6, East Central (Augusta) District 7, West Central (Columbus) District 8-1, South (Valdosta) District 8-2, Southwest (Albany) District 9-1, East (Savannah) District 9-2, Southeast (Waycross) District 9-3, Coastal (Brunswick) District 10, Northeast (Athens) Counties Bartow, Catoosa, Chattooga, Dade, Floyd, Gordon, Haralson, Paulding, Polk, Walker Cherokee, Fannin, Gilmer, Murray, Pickens, Whitfield Banks, Dawson, Forsyth, Franklin, Habersham, Hall, Hart, Lumpkin, Rabun, Stephens, Towns, Union, White Cobb, Douglas Fulton Clayton Gwinnett, Newton, Rockdale DeKalb Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Fayette, Heard, Henry, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Bleckley, Dodge, Johnson, Laurens, Montgomery, Pulaski, Telfair, Treutlen, Wheeler, Wilcox Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Hancock, Houston, Jasper, Jones, Monroe, Peach, Putnam, Twiggs, Washington, Wilkinson Burke, Columbia, Emanuel, Glascock, Jefferson, Jenkins, Lincoln, McDuffie, Richmond, Screven, Taliaferro, Warren, Wilkes Chattahoochee, Clay, Dooly, Harris, Macon, Muscogee, Marion, Quitman, Randolph, Schely, Stewart, Sumter, Talbot, Taylor, Webster Ben Hill, Berrien, Brooks, Cook, Echols, Irwin, Lanier, Lowndes, Tift, Turner Baker, Calhoun, Colquitt, Dougherty, Decatur, Early, Grady, Lee, Miller, Mitchell, Seminole, Terrell, Thomas, Worth Chatham, Effingham Appling, Atkinson, Bacon, Brantley, Bulloch, Candler, Charlton, Clinch, Coffee, Evans, Jeff Davis, Pierce, Tattnall, Toombs, Ware, Wayne Bryan, Camden, Glynn, Liberty, Long, McIntosh Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Madison, Morgan, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton BRFSS 2000 | 1 Overweight or Obese Overweight or Obese Overweight is a risk factor for Type II diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, gall bladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and some types of cancer. Overweight is also associated with high blood cholesterol and high blood pressure. The risk of these conditions can be reduced by weight loss. Recommendations for weight loss and weight maintenance include reducing calories and increasing physical activity. Overweight is defined as body mass index (BMI1) of 25.0-29.9; obese is defined as BMI 30.0 or more. Overweight or Obese Adults, Georgia, 2000: 59.4% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 15% 1 BMI= weight in kg/height in m2 The prevalence of overweight or obese adults is significantly more common in men than women, more common in blacks than whites, and increases with age. Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Income, Georgia, 2000 Percent 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 2 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Sex, Georgia, 2000 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 White Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Age, Georgia, 2000 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Overweight or Obese Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia 0 Percent of Overweight or Obese Adults, Age 18+, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 Healthy People 2010 goal 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Percent BRFSS 2000 | 3 Health District Diabetes Diabetes Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases and the seventh leading cause of death in Georgia. Complications of diabetes include heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, blindness, kidney disease, amputations, nerve problems, dental disease, and susceptibility to infections. Obesity and physical inactivity are two of the most important preventable risk factors for developing diabetes. Risk factors for complications due to diabetes include glucose levels outside of the normal range, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, smoking, poor diet and lack of physical activity. Management of diabetes involves controlling blood glucose levels through diet and insulin regulation, monitoring of blood glucose levels, and regular foot and eye exams by health care professionals. Adults with Diabetes, Georgia, 2000: 6.8% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 2.5% The prevalence of diabetes is significantly more common in blacks than whites and increases with age. The prevalence of diabetes decreases as income increases. Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Income, Georgia, 2000 25 20 Percent 15 10 5 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 4 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Sex, Georgia, 2000 25 20 15 10 5 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 25 20 15 10 5 0 White Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Age, Georgia, 2000 25 20 15 10 5 0 18-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Diabetes Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Diabetes, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia Healthy People 2010 goal 0 5 10 15 20 Percent 25 BRFSS 2000 | 5 Health District Asthma Asthma Asthma is a disease of the lungs that causes breathing problems or "asthma attacks" and results in more than 9,000 hospitalizations in Georgia each year. The airways of people with asthma tighten abnormally in response to smoke, pollen, dust, air pollution, infection, irritants, allergens, and exercise leading to difficulty in breathing. While asthma is not often fatal, loss of productivity, high medical costs, and disability are common outcomes for asthma sufferers. Smoking, genetic factors, allergies, and some medications can be risk factors for developing asthma and asthma symptoms. Asthma can be effectively controlled by recognizing and avoiding asthma triggers, appropriate management of medication, monitoring lung function, and giving patients tools and education about managing their own care. Adults with Asthma, Georgia, 2000: 6.2% The prevalence of asthma is significantly more common among persons with no access to medical care because of lack of insurance or cost barriers. Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Income, Georgia, 2000 20 15 Percent 10 5 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 6 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Sex, Georgia, 2000 20 15 10 5 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 20 15 10 5 0 White Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Age, Georgia, 2000 20 15 10 5 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Asthma Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Asthma, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia 0 5 10 15 Percent 20 BRFSS 2000 | 7 Health District Cigarette Smoking Cigarette Smoking Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Tobacco use accounts for at least 30% of all cancer deaths and 87% of all lung cancers in Georgia. Smoking is also associated with illness and death related to heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, low birth weight, sudden infant death syndrome, and fire. For those who smoke, quitting is always beneficial. At every age group, smokers who quit live longer than those who continue smoking. Policy changes to prevent the initiation of smoking among youth and to reduce exposure to environmental tobacco smoke are also important for reducing the burden of tobacco related death and disease in Georgia. Adults who Smoke Cigarettes, Georgia, 2000: 23.5% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 12% The prevalence of cigarette smoking is significantly more common in men than women, more common in whites than blacks, and more common among those with no access to medical care. The prevalence is significantly lower among those with household incomes of $75,000 or more. Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Income, Georgia, 2000 Percent 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 8 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Sex, Georgia, 2000 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 White Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Age, Georgia, 2000 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Cigarette Smoking Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Health District 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Smoke Cigarettes, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 Healthy People 2010 goal 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Percent BRFSS 2000 | 9 Physical Activity Physical Activity Physical activity can reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, colon cancer, and osteoporosis. Regular physical activity also helps maintain healthy body weight, reduces the risk of falls and fractures, helps prevent back pain, reduces symptoms of anxiety and depression, and enhances quality of life. Besides traditional exercise programs, benefits can be achieved through regular moderate-intensity activities like walking, housework, and gardening. Inactive individuals who become more physically active improve their health even if they do not reach the recommended level of 30 minutes of moderate-intensity activity most, preferably all, days a week. Adults with No Regular Physical Activity, Georgia, 2000: 71.9% The prevalence of inadequate physical activity is significantly more common among those with no access to medical care and among those with household incomes less than $15,000. Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Inadequate Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Income, Georgia, 2000 Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 10 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Inadequate Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Sex, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Inadequate Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 White Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Inadequate Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Age, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Inadequate Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Physical Activity Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Inadequate Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Inadequate Leisure Time Physical Activity, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent BRFSS 2000 | 11 Health District Fruits & Vegetables Fruits and Vegetables Fruits and vegetables are low in fat and are good sources of vitamins, minerals, and fiber. A diet high in fruits and vegetables may lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and cancers of the colon, stomach, and lung. Adults should eat two to four servings of fruit each day and three to five servings of vegetables, for a minimum of five servings of fruits and vegetables each day. Fruits and vegetables in the diet can also substitute for higher fat and calorie foods as part of a weight loss or maintenance program. Adults Eating Five or More Servings of Fruits and Vegetables per Day, Georgia, 2000: 22.3% Women are significantly more likely than men to consume five or more fruits and vegetables each day. Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Consume Five or More Servings of Fruits and Vegetables per Day, by Income, Georgia, 2000 40 35 30 25 Percent 20 15 10 5 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 25,000- 35,00034,999 49,999 Income 50,000- 75,000 or 74,999 More 12 | BRFSS 2000 Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Consume Five or More Servings of Fruits and Vegetables per Day, by Sex, Georgia, 2000 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Consume Five or More Servings of Fruits and Vegetables per Day, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 White Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Consume Five or More Servings of Fruits and Vegetables per Day, by Age, Georgia, 2000 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Consume Five or More Servings of Fruits and Vegetables per Day, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Fruits & Vegetables Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Consume Five or More Servings of Fruits and Vegetables per Day, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent of Adults, Age 18+, who Consume Five or More Servings of Fruits and Vegetables per Day, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Percent 40 BRFSS 2000 | 13 Health District Mammography Mammography Breast cancer is the leading cancer among women in Georgia and the second leading cause of cancer death. The number of deaths can be reduced if the disease is diagnosed early. Factors associated with breast cancer are age; personal or family history of breast cancer; biopsy-confirmed atypical hyperplasia; early onset of the menstrual cycle coupled with late onset of menopause; recent use of oral contraceptives or postmenopausal estrogens; never having children or first child born after age 30; and consuming 2 or more drinks of alcohol daily. The American Cancer Society recommends that women ages 40 and older receive annual breast cancer screening, including a clinical breast exam and a mammogram soon afterwards. Women, age 40+, with Mammogram in the Last Two Years: Georgia, 2000: 76.1% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 70% Percent Percent Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 White Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, by Age, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 40-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, by Income, Georgia, 2000 Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 14 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Mammography Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia Percent of Adult Women, Age 40+, with Mammography in the Last Two Years, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 Healthy People 2010 goal 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent BRFSS 2000 | 15 Health District Pap Test Pap Test An estimated 550 cases of cervical cancer were diagnosed and 130 women were expected to die of the disease in 2000 in Georgia. The risk of developing cervical cancer is closely linked with sexual practices and sexually transmitted infections with human papillomavirus. Becoming sexually active at a young age, having multiple sex partners, and smoking cigarettes are all risk factors for cervical cancer. The American Cancer Society recommends annual Pap smears for all women who are sexually active or have reached the age of eighteen; after three consecutive normal annual exams, Pap smears may be performed less frequently at the discretion of the physician. Women who had a Pap Smear in the Last Three Years, Georgia, 2000: 89.1% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90% Percent Percent Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, who Received a Pap Smear in the Last Three Years, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 White Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, who Received a Pap Smear in the Last Three Years, by Age, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, who Received a Pap Smear in the Last Three Years, by Income, Georgia, 2000 Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 16 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, who Received a Pap Smear in the Last Three Years, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Pap Test Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, who Received a Pap Smear in the Last Three Years, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Health District 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia Percent of Adult Women, Age 18+, without Hysterectomy, who Received a Pap Smear in the Last Three Years, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 Healthy People 2010 goal 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent BRFSS 2000 | 17 Flu Shot Flu Shot Influenza and pneumonia are among the 10 leading causes of death in Georgia. Infection with the influenza virus is often resolved within two weeks, but can lead to serious or life-threatening disease in some people, especially the elderly or people with chronic health problems. Influenza vaccination, or a flu shot, can reduce much of the morbidity and mortality associated with the flu. People who are 65 years or older and people with chronic diseases such as asthma or diabetes should receive an influenza vaccine every fall. Adults, age 65+, Flu Shot in the Last Year, Georgia, 2000: 63.6% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90% Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccine in the Last Year, by Sex, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccine in the Last Last Year, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 White Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccine in the Last Year, by Income, Georgia, 2000 Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 18 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccine in the Last Year, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Flu Shot Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccine in the Last Year, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Influenza Vaccine in the Last Year, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 Healthy People 2010 goal 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Percent 100 BRFSS 2000 | 19 Health District Pneumonia Immunization Pneumonia Immunization Influenza and pneumonia are among the 10 leading causes of death in Georgia, and pneumococcal disease is responsible for the most vaccinepreventable deaths in the United States. Pneumococcus bacteria can cause meningitis, pneumonia, and infections in the blood (septicimia). Adults older than 65 and people with chronic health problems like diabetes, heart disease, and kidney failure are at especially high risk for infection. Penicillin was once an effective treatment for pneumococcal disease, but drug resistant strains of the bacteria have made prevention of infection though immunization vital. The vaccine can be given at anytime of the year. Usually one dose is all that is needed. Adults, age 65+, Pneumonia Immunization, Georgia, 2000: 60.2% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 90% The prevalence of pneumonia vaccination is significantly more common among whites than blacks. Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccine, by Sex, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccine, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 White Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccine, by Income, Georgia, 2000 Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 20 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccine, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Pneumonia Immunization Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccine, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia 0 Percent of Adults, Age 65+, with Pneumonia Vaccine, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 Healthy People 2010 goal 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent BRFSS 2000 | 21 Health District Folic Acid Folic Acid Folic acid deficiency is related to an increase of neural tube defects, birth defects of a baby's brain (anencephaly) or spine (spina bifida). The B vitamin, folic acid, can reduce the risk of these defects if it is consumed daily before conception and during the early weeks of pregnancy. All women who could possibly become pregnant should get 400 micrograms of folic acid every day, either in their diets, through foods rich in folate or fortified with folic acid, or by taking supplements. Women, Age 18-44*, who Take a Folic Acid Supplement, Georgia, 2000: 45.3% *Excludes women who have had a hysterectomy or who are in menopause. The prevalence of folic acid consumption is significantly more common among whites than blacks and among those with access to medical care. The prevalence of folic acid consumption increases as income increases. Percent Percent Percent of Women, Age 18-44, who Take a Folic Acid Supplement, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 White Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Women, Age 18-44, who Take a Folic Acid Supplement, by Age, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 18-24 25-34 Age 35-44 Percent of Women, Age 18-44, who Take a Folic Acid Supplement, by Income, Georgia, 2000 Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 22 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent of Women, Age 18-44, who Take a Folic Acid Supplement, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Folic Acid Percent of Women, Age 18-44, not During or Post-Menopause, without Hysterectomy, who Take a Folic Acid Supplement, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Health District Percent of Women, Age 18-44, who Take a Folic Acid Supplement, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent BRFSS 2000 | 23 HIV Testing HIV Testing Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). HIV is mainly transmitted through sexual contact and through intravenous drug use. People who become infected with the virus can be asymptomatic for long periods of time during which they can infect sexual and drug injection partners. Following infection with HIV, people develop AIDS, a disease that affects the immune system and leaves patients vulnerable to a wide variety of potentially fatal opportunistic infections. Testing for HIV infection is crucial to determine HIV status so that those infected can stop HIV transmission, begin treatment, and, in the case of pregnant women, reduce the risk of transmission to an unborn baby. Adults, Ages18-64, Tested for HIV, Georgia, 2000: 54.4% The prevalence of HIV Testing is significantly more common among blacks than whites and more common among adults ages 25-34 than any other age group. Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Income, Georgia, 2000 Percent 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 24 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Sex, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 White Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Age, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 Age 45-54 55-64 Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care HIV Testing Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia Percent of Adults, Age 18-64, Ever Tested for HIV, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent BRFSS 2000 | 25 Health District Health Insurance Health Insurance Access to preventive services and health care can prevent or improve the outcomes of many diseases. Insurance coverage is a strong determining factor in whether people will have access to services like screenings, treatment and health recommendations. Access to quality health care can help eliminate disparities in disease and disease outcomes and can improve the quality and length of life for people living in Georgia. Access to health care can be limited both by lack of health insurance and by insufficient coverage. People who cannot afford to see a doctor or a health-care professional for either of these reasons are at risk for adverse health outcomes. Percent of Adults with No Health Insurance, Georgia, 2000: 11.5% Healthy People 2010 Objective: 0% The prevalence of adults with no health insurance is significantly higher among blacks than whites. Adults ages 18-24 are less likely than any other age group and adults with household incomes less than $25,000 are less likely than those with higher incomes to have health insurance. Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, by Income, Georgia, 2000 Percent 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 26 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, by Sex, Georgia, 2000 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 W hite Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, by Age, Georgia, 2000 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Health Insurance Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Insurance, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with No Health Insurance, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 Healthy People 2010 goal 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 Percent 35 BRFSS 2000 | 27 Health District Fair or Poor Health Fair or Poor Health According to a 1948 World Health Organization statement, "Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeingnot merely the absence of disease, or infirmity." Self-perception of health status is useful for identifying health disparities and tracking population trends that questions about specific diseases cannot measure. Individual perceptions of health are useful as outcome measures and predictors to identify vulnerable subgroups within populations. This information can be used to improve the quality and years of healthy life and eliminate health disparities. Adults who Report their Health Status as Fair or Poor, Georgia, 2000: 15.2% The prevalence of adults with fair or poor health is significantly higher in women than men, more common among older adults than younger adults, more common among adults with lower household income than higher incomes, and more common among those with no access to medical care. Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Income, Georgia, 2000 Percent 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 28 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Sex, Georgia, 2000 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Male Female Sex Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 White Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Age, Georgia, 2000 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Fair or Poor Health Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 4-0 5-2 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Health District 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia Percent of Adults, Age 18+, with Fair or Poor Health Status, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 Percent BRFSS 2000 | 29 Frequent Mental Distress Frequent Mental Distress Mental health is necessary for successful performance of mental function and is characterized by productive activities, fulfilling relationships, coping skills, and the ability to adapt to change. It is critical for personal well-being and healthy family and interpersonal relationships. Mental distress can affect health-related quality of life, a measure of individual well-being, and may be related to health behaviors that contribute to chronic disease and disability. Serious mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, major depression, or obsessive-compulsive disorder, can be very disabling. There are effective treatments for mental disorders, and appropriate, quality mental health services can improve mental health status. Adults with Frequent Mental Distress, Georgia, 2000: 10.4% The prevalence of frequent mental distress is significantly more common among women than men and more common among those with no access to medical care. Frequent Mental Distress, Adults, Age 18+, by Income, Georgia, 2000 25 20 Percent 15 10 5 0 Less than 15,000 15,00024,999 30 | BRFSS 2000 25,00034,999 35,00049,999 Income 50,00074,999 75,000 or More Percent Percent Percent Percent Frequent Mental Distress, Adults, Age 18+, by Sex, Georgia, 2000 25 20 15 10 5 0 Male Female Sex Frequent Mental Distress, Adults, Age 18+, by Race/Ethnicity, Georgia, 2000 25 20 15 10 5 0 W hite Black Hispanic Race/Ethnicity Other Frequent Mental Distress, Adults, Age 18+, by Age, Georgia, 2000 25 20 15 10 5 0 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age Frequent Mental Distress, Adults, Age 18+, by Access to Medical Care, Georgia, 2000 25 20 15 10 5 0 Yes No Access to Medical Care Frequent Mental Distress Frequent Mental Distress, Adults, Age 18+, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 1-2 2-0 1-1 3-1 3-4 10-0 3-5 3-2 3-3 4-0 5-2 Highest Third Middle Third Lowest Third 6-0 5-1 7-0 8-2 9-2 8-1 9-1 9-3 Health District 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Georgia 0 Frequent Mental Distress, Adults, Age 18+, by Health District, Georgia, 2000 5 10 15 20 25 Percent BRFSS 2000 | 31 Data Tables Total Sex Male Female Race/Ethnicity White Black Hispanic Other Age 18-24 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Age (diabetes only) 18-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 65+ Income Less than 15,000 15,000-24,999 25,000-34,999 35,000-49,999 50,000-74,999 75,000 or More Access to Medical Care Yes No District 1-1 1-2 2-0 3-1 3-2 3-3 3-4 3-5 4-0 5-1 5-2 6-0 7-0 8-1 8-2 9-1 9-2 9-3 10-0 Overweight or Obese Diabetes Asthma Cigarette Smoking Physical Activity n % 95%CI n % 95%CI n % 95%CI n % 95%CI n % 95%CI 3919 59.4 57.4 - 61.4 4104 6.8 5.9 - 7.7 4089 6.2 5.3 - 7.1 4094 23.5 21.8 - 25.2 4108 71.9 70.1 - 73.7 1545 67.0 64.1 - 69.9 1567 6.0 2374 52.1 49.5 - 54.6 2537 7.5 2709 56.3 54.0 - 58.7 2812 5.6 1031 70.4 66.7 - 74.1 1090 10.3 98 55.0 40.1 - 69.9 107 4.8 67 36.8 22.9 - 50.7 71 5.3 4.7 6.3 - 4.7 8.1 0.6 0.0 - 7.3 1566 8.8 2523 6.6 2794 12.5 1091 9.0 107 10.6 71 4.8 3.5 - 6.2 1563 26.3 23.6 - 29.0 1569 69.6 66.7 - 72.6 7.5 6.2 - 8.8 2531 20.9 18.9 - 23.0 2539 73.9 71.7 - 76.1 6.3 5.2 - 7.4 2801 25.6 23.5 - 27.7 2811 71.1 68.9 - 73.2 6.1 3.9 - 8.2 1090 18.4 15.4 - 21.4 1094 76.0 72.6 - 79.5 6.0 1.5 - 10.4 107 21.8 11.7 - 31.9 106 60.2 45.4 - 75.1 5.3 0.0 - 10.6 71 23.7 12.1 - 35.4 71 61.3 47.2 - 75.4 357 44.9 38.4 - 51.4 805 55.0 50.4 - 59.6 891 63.5 59.5 - 67.5 728 66.9 62.7 - 71.2 497 67.4 62.5 - 72.3 629 57.2 52.5 - 61.9 na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 366 8.6 5.0 - 12.2 367 31.2 25.1 - 37.3 367 67.7 61.5 - 73.8 833 6.4 4.0 - 8.8 832 20.4 16.6 - 24.3 833 70.9 66.9 - 74.9 936 5.3 3.7 - 6.8 942 27.2 23.8 - 30.6 942 72.0 68.3 - 75.6 760 6.3 4.4 - 8.2 761 27.2 23.3 - 31.0 763 72.6 68.2 - 77.0 522 6.7 4.1 - 9.3 524 22.2 18.0 - 26.4 526 71.6 66.9 - 76.2 649 4.7 3.0 - 6.5 645 12.0 9.0 - 15.1 654 75.7 71.7 - 79.7 na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 1200 0.7 0.3 - 1.1 945 3.9 2.3 - 5.5 759 9.1 6.7 - 11.5 525 13.0 9.5 - 16.5 652 17.5 14.0 - 21.0 na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 405 66.5 60.4 - 72.6 433 14.9 10.8 - 19.0 427 12.0 8.1 - 15.8 434 28.0 22.5 - 33.6 435 84.5 80.2 - 88.8 647 60.0 54.9 - 65.1 661 8.1 5.4 - 10.8 660 6.8 4.5 - 9.1 661 30.3 25.8 - 34.9 661 74.9 70.3 - 79.5 546 57.0 51.7 - 62.2 571 7.5 5.0 - 10.1 569 6.2 4.1 - 8.4 565 32.3 27.2 - 37.4 571 74.0 69.5 - 78.5 645 65.2 60.8 - 69.6 671 5.8 4.0 - 7.7 665 4.2 2.6 - 5.9 670 24.4 20.4 - 28.3 671 71.1 66.2 - 75.9 591 58.5 53.4 - 63.5 615 4.8 2.8 - 6.9 612 5.1 3.1 - 7.1 614 19.8 16.0 - 23.6 615 67.8 63.2 - 72.3 535 57.0 51.9 - 62.2 547 2.9 1.3 - 4.6 548 5.2 2.3 - 8.1 547 12.8 9.8 - 15.8 548 59.6 54.4 - 64.8 3153 60.1 57.9 - 62.2 3294 6.8 5.8 - 7.8 3287 5.5 4.4 - 6.5 3281 20.5 18.7 - 22.2 3296 70.7 68.7 - 72.7 734 57.0 52.2 - 61.8 775 7.1 5.1 - 9.1 767 9.5 7.2 - 11.9 778 36.0 31.5 - 40.5 777 77.5 73.3 - 81.6 236 59.6 52.3 - 66.9 210 52.6 44.4 - 60.8 175 50.5 41.3 - 59.8 186 62.3 54.1 - 70.5 186 52.9 43.9 - 62.0 166 50.8 40.1 - 61.6 167 54.7 45.8 - 63.6 255 60.1 53.2 - 67.0 200 56.9 49.1 - 64.7 241 66.6 59.3 - 73.8 241 65.3 58.7 - 71.8 243 63.3 56.5 - 70.1 214 62.0 54.2 - 69.9 202 64.3 56.7 - 71.9 189 59.5 50.6 - 68.3 231 54.7 47.3 - 62.1 197 63.5 54.1 - 72.9 193 63.0 54.9 - 71.1 187 65.7 58.1 - 73.3 248 9.8 218 4.5 179 4.5 199 4.6 198 5.4 178 3.6 174 3.5 264 5.8 212 6.2 254 9.9 250 7.3 257 9.2 225 6.8 211 16.5 201 9.0 243 6.3 205 9.1 197 4.5 191 4.0 5.5 - 14.0 1.8 - 7.1 1.6 - 7.3 1.4 - 7.8 2.0 - 8.9 0.9 - 6.3 0.9 - 6.0 2.8 - 8.9 2.8 - 9.5 5.6 - 14.3 3.9 - 10.7 5.4 - 13.1 3.6 - 10.0 9.2 - 23.7 4.1 - 13.9 2.7 - 10.0 4.6 - 13.6 1.6 - 7.4 1.4 - 6.5 247 8.5 4.8 - 12.1 218 10.5 5.9 - 15.1 179 6.2 1.2 - 11.2 198 7.1 3.1 - 11.1 195 7.4 1.2 - 13.6 177 7.9 1.3 - 14.5 173 2.0 0.3 - 3.7 261 6.4 3.2 - 9.5 212 6.1 2.6 - 9.5 253 7.1 3.7 - 10.5 251 6.4 3.0 - 9.7 257 4.8 2.0 - 7.6 224 7.0 3.2 - 10.7 211 5.9 2.5 - 9.3 198 5.9 1.5 - 10.3 242 4.7 2.2 - 7.2 204 4.7 2.0 - 7.4 198 5.6 1.0 - 10.1 191 6.6 3.1 - 10.1 247 28.1 21.1 - 35.0 216 29.6 22.2 - 37.1 177 25.4 16.9 - 33.9 197 21.1 13.7 - 28.6 198 14.2 8.7 - 19.8 178 31.2 20.4 - 42.0 173 22.1 15.0 - 29.1 263 17.7 12.3 - 23.1 211 21.8 15.7 - 27.9 255 20.8 14.8 - 26.8 249 26.1 20.1 - 32.0 258 24.8 18.4 - 31.1 224 24.6 18.2 - 31.0 210 23.6 16.6 - 30.5 200 28.9 20.9 - 37.0 243 21.5 15.7 - 27.2 206 22.7 16.0 - 29.3 196 30.9 22.9 - 38.9 193 26.7 19.7 - 33.8 248 76.2 70.1 - 82.3 218 73.7 66.7 - 80.8 179 68.8 59.3 - 78.3 199 67.0 59.1 - 74.9 198 67.4 58.7 - 76.1 178 71.0 61.4 - 80.5 174 66.2 57.7 - 74.8 264 73.6 67.5 - 79.6 211 73.6 66.5 - 80.7 255 72.6 64.9 - 80.3 252 72.2 66.3 - 78.2 258 76.5 70.7 - 82.3 225 75.8 69.4 - 82.2 209 72.9 65.5 - 80.2 201 69.1 60.7 - 77.5 243 68.7 61.8 - 75.5 206 79.8 73.3 - 86.3 197 68.2 60.6 - 75.8 193 72.0 64.9 - 79.2 32 | BRFSS 2000 Data Tables Fruits a nd Vege ta ble s Ma m m ogra phy n % 95% CI n % 95% CI To ta l 4111 22.3 20.7 - 23.9 1465 76.1 73.5 - 78.7 Sex Male 1571 19.7 17.3 - 22.1 na na na Fe m a le 2540 24.7 22.6 - 26.9 na na na Ra ce/Ethnicity W hite 2814 23.5 21.5 - 25.4 1050 77.6 74.7 - 80.5 Bla ck 1094 18.9 15.9 - 21.8 362 72.8 67.0 - 78.6 Hispa nic 107 19.1 7.9 - 30.4 26 72.3 51.5 - 93.1 Oth e r 70 26.0 13.6 - 38.3 16 53.6 25.0 - 82.2 Age 18-24 368 25.1 19.4 - 30.7 na na na 25-34 832 19.7 16.1 - 23.2 na na na 35-44 945 18.8 15.8 - 21.9 na na na 45-54 761 20.6 17.1 - 24.2 na na na 55-64 526 22.4 18.2 - 26.5 na na na 65+ 656 30.0 25.7 - 34.2 na na na Age (ma mm ogra phy only) 40-44 na na na 269 61.7 54.51 - 69.4 45-54 na na na 457 77.4 73.0 - 81.8 55-64 na na na 316 85.5 81.1 - 90.0 65+ na na na 423 76.9 72.3 - 81.6 Incom e Le ss tha n 15,000 433 19.7 14.7 - 24.8 199 59.5 51.6 - 67.5 15,000-24,999 663 19.6 15.9 - 23.4 247 72.5 65.7 - 79.2 25,000-34,999 571 18.8 14.8 - 22.7 175 66.5 58.3 - 74.7 35,000-49,999 672 22.3 18.5 - 26.0 214 83.3 77.6 - 89.0 50,000-74,999 614 22.1 18.0 - 26.2 179 84.2 78.2 - 90.3 75,000 or More 548 28.0 23.3 - 32.7 161 82.3 75.5 - 89.2 Access to Hea lth Ca re Ye s 3298 22.8 21.0 - 24.6 1195 79.7 77.0 - 82.3 No 778 20.7 16.8 - 24.6 257 59.3 52.2 - 66.5 District 1-1 248 21.9 15.6 - 28.1 90 59.9 48.1 - 71.7 1-2 218 28.0 20.5 - 35.5 74 81.6 73.3 - 89.9 2-0 179 25.0 17.3 - 32.7 73 77.6 66.1 - 89.1 3-1 199 19.2 13.1 - 25.4 51 87.4 77.9 - 96.9 3-2 198 23.6 16.7 - 30.4 66 77.0 65.1 - 89.0 3-3 178 17.4 10.3 - 24.6 54 61.9 41.3 - 82.4 3-4 174 26.7 18.7 - 34.6 55 81.3 69.0 - 93.6 3-5 263 23.3 17.6 - 29.0 90 72.7 60.7 - 84.6 4-0 212 22.2 15.7 - 28.7 81 76.3 65.9 - 86.7 5-1 256 18.0 12.5 - 23.5 114 68.1 57.5 - 78.6 5-2 252 19.2 13.9 - 24.4 87 76.9 67.2 - 86.6 6-0 258 22.7 17.2 - 28.1 88 76.3 66.8 - 85.7 7-0 225 19.4 13.6 - 25.1 90 73.7 63.4 - 84.0 8-1 211 16.1 10.8 - 21.3 74 76.2 66.0 - 86.4 8-2 201 17.9 11.5 - 24.3 81 74.0 63.4 - 84.6 9-1 242 21.6 15.4 - 27.8 98 75.2 64.7 - 85.7 9-2 206 23.1 13.7 - 32.5 80 74.4 64.1 - 84.7 9-3 198 23.8 16.6 - 31.1 62 80.5 69.8 - 91.2 10-0 193 27.2 20.1 - 34.3 57 76.9 65.0 - 88.8 Pa p Test n % 95% CI 1781 89.1 87.2 - 91.0 Flu Shot n% 95% CI 648 63.6 59.1 - 68.1 na na na na na na 215 65.2 57.6 - 72.7 433 62.6 57.1 - 68.1 1128 88.6 86.2 - 91.0 524 67.3 62.7 - 71.8 557 91.6 88.2 - 95.0 108 52.1 40.4 - 63.8 56 82.8 71.6 - 94.0 8 36.0 0.0 - 79.4 30 81.2 59.6 - 100.0 3 20.2 0.0 - 60.1 207 85.0 77.7 - 92.3 477 95.9 94.0 - 97.8 480 91.6 88.6 - 94.6 274 86.6 81.7 - 91.5 153 90.0 85.0 - 95.0 184 73.9 66.0 - 81.7 na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 196 81.1 73.8 - 88.4 123 56.8 45.6 - 67.9 316 87.5 82.8 - 92.1 116 56.8 45.5 - 68.1 254 89.1 84.5 - 93.6 71 59.1 45.8 - 72.3 303 95.0 92.2 - 97.7 66 66.4 54.3 - 78.4 250 91.2 85.3 - 97.2 43 70.2 54.9 - 85.4 214 94.0 90.3 - 97.7 31 72.9 53.1 - 92.8 1370 90.5 88.4 - 92.6 591 64.7 60.1 - 69.3 400 86.5 82.5 - 90.4 49 49.5 30.6 - 68.4 - 86 80.7 70.8 - 90.6 51 46.8 31.7 - 61.9 70 88.7 80.0 - 97.3 39 74.0 58.9 - 89.0 83 86.5 77.5 - 95.6 38 49.9 32.3 - 67.4 95 91.7 84.5 - 98.8 22 53.4 31.9 - 74.9 100 91.1 83.0 - 99.1 21 71.0 47.7 - 94.3 98 96.7 93.1 - 100.0 20 82.9 64.9 - 100.0 71 90.9 82.6 - 99.2 18 83.9 66.4 - 100.0 127 86.4 79.0 - 93.7 42 67.1 50.9 - 83.2 97 87.7 80.3 - 95.1 24 65.3 44.0 - 86.7 110 92.2 86.6 - 97.8 53 55.9 39.3 - 72.5 104 96.3 92.9 - 99.7 39 73.5 59.3 - 87.8 111 90.0 84.4 - 95.6 40 71.6 56.2 - 87.1 94 95.4 91.4 - 99.4 38 63.1 46.1 - 80.1 83 89.5 82.4 - 96.6 42 71.4 56.0 - 86.8 95 90.0 82.9 - 97.1 36 67.7 50.0 - 85.4 112 82.0 73.3 - 90.6 42 60.3 43.0 - 77.5 81 86.8 79.6 - 94.0 32 74.5 58.9 - 90.2 84 91.4 85.0 - 97.8 21 61.6 40.4 - 82.8 80 91.0 84.2 - 97.7 30 66.9 48.9 - 85.0 P ne um onia Im muniza tion n % 95% CI 633 60.2 55.6 - 64.7 210 55.9 48.2 - 63.7 423 63.0 57.5 - 68.5 513 63.2 58.4 - 68.0 104 44.9 33.1 - 56.7 8 83.5 58.5 - 100.0 3 76.5 31.6 - 100.0 na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na na 121 49.6 38.5 - 60.8 113 63.1 52.7 - 73.6 70 65.2 52.2 - 78.2 66 69.3 56.9 - 81.6 43 55.6 38.7 - 72.5 31 66.2 44.9 - 87.5 580 60.8 56.1 - 65.6 46 58.8 40.8 - 76.8 51 51.2 36.0 - 66.4 39 71.5 56.6 - 86.5 38 50.7 33.1 - 68.2 22 67.2 46.3 - 88.2 20 70.5 48.1 - 92.9 20 67.0 44.5 - 89.4 18 76.1 55.3 - 96.8 42 64.0 46.5 - 81.4 24 63.6 41.3 - 86.0 50 48.1 31.3 - 64.9 38 66.9 50.5 - 83.3 39 53.6 36.2 - 71.0 36 45.7 27.8 - 63.6 41 60.0 43.2 - 76.8 33 73.9 56.7 - 91.1 42 42.2 23.9 - 60.4 31 59.3 40.5 - 78.1 21 39.5 19.0 - 60.0 28 68.4 50.0 - 86.8 BRFSS 2000 | 33 Data Tables Fre que nt Folic Acid HIV Testing Health Insura nce Fair or Poor Hea lth Mental Distress n % 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI n % 95% CI Tota l 1041 45.3 41.6 - 49.0 3219 54.4 52.2 56.6 4088 11.5 10.1 - 12.9 4103 15.2 13.8 - 16.5 3983 10.4 9.2 - 11.6 Sex Male na na na 1279 54.6 51.1 - 58.0 1560 12.4 10.1 - 14.7 1570 12.9 10.7 - 15.0 1528 8.3 6.5 - 10.1 Female na na na 1940 54.3 51.5 - 57.0 2528 10.7 9.2 - 12.2 2533 17.3 15.6 - 19.1 2455 12.4 10.8 - 14.0 Ra ce /Ethnicity W hite 626 49.6 44.9 - 54.4 2104 50.3 47.7 - 53.0 2801 9.2 7.7 - 10.7 2806 13.7 12.3 - 15.1 2732 9.5 8.2 - 10.8 Bla ck 352 35.5 29.4 - 41.6 940 64.3 60.2 - 68.5 1085 15.9 12.9 - 19.0 1093 17.5 14.8 - 20.2 1054 12.0 9.5 - 14.6 Hisp a ni c 38 29.8 14.8 - 44.8 94 54.2 40.0 - 68.4 105 19.1 7.4 - 30.8 107 29.7 13.9 - 45.5 105 8.7 2.9 - 14.5 Oth e r 19 68.7 44.1 - 93.4 63 49.0 33.8 - 64.2 71 18.7 7.9 - 29.6 71 8.1 1.6 - 14.7 69 11.0 1.6 - 20.3 Age 18-24 195 40.8 31.8 - 49.7 356 49.5 42.9 - 56.0 357 26.2 20.3 - 32.0 368 6.7 3.4 - 9.9 356 10.8 7.1 - 14.6 25-34 456 47.5 42.3 - 52.7 796 76.4 72.8 - 80.1 830 14.4 10.8 - 18.0 832 4.0 2.6 - 5.4 816 9.8 7.1 - 12.5 35-44 390 46.2 40.6 - 51.8 890 55.7 51.6 - 59.7 942 11.5 8.9 - 14.1 944 10.6 8.4 - 12.9 930 11.5 8.9 - 14.0 45-54 na na na 699 44.9 40.1 - 49.7 758 7.9 5.8 - 9.9 762 17.7 13.7 - 21.6 744 13.6 10.6 - 16.6 55-64 na na na 460 33.4 28.3 - 38.6 526 6.7 3.9 - 9.5 523 23.1 19.0 - 27.3 501 9.3 6.3 - 12.3 65+ na na na na na na 652 2.3 0.2 - 4.4 652 36.3 31.8 - 40.8 614 6.1 3.9 - 8.2 Income Less than 15,000 94 30.2 19.4 - 41.0 293 57.0 49.8 - 64.2 433 22.9 17.4 - 28.4 433 38.8 33.2 - 44.5 404 20.7 16.3 - 25.1 15,000-24,999 193 36.4 27.8 - 44.9 506 55.6 49.6 - 61.5 659 23.7 18.9 - 28.5 663 23.1 19.0 - 27.2 648 15.2 11.5 - 19.0 25,000-34,999 166 37.9 29.3 - 46.5 464 59.9 54.4 - 65.4 570 13.2 9.9 - 16.6 571 13.7 10.5 - 17.0 563 12.3 9.1 - 15.5 35,000-49,999 199 46.8 38.7 - 54.8 574 54.3 49.2 - 59.5 671 6.7 4.5 - 8.9 671 12.1 7.9 - 16.2 663 7.4 5.1 - 9.7 50,000-74,999 155 49.4 40.1 - 58.7 535 55.1 49.8 - 60.3 615 5.6 3.2 - 8.0 614 4.6 2.8 - 6.4 607 7.4 4.8 - 10.1 75,000 or More 130 68.8 59.7 - 77.9 480 51.7 46.2 - 57.3 546 4.4 1.9 - 6.8 548 4.3 2.1 - 6.5 539 7.4 4.2 - 10.6 Access to He alth Ca re Ye s 772 50.6 46.4 - 54.9 2510 53.5 51.1 - 56.0 na na na 3294 13.2 11.8 - 14.7 3208 8.2 7.1 - 9.4 No 263 30.6 24.0 - 37.2 685 58.4 53.3 - 63.4 na na na 774 23.4 19.6 - 27.1 744 19.6 15.9 - 23.3 District 1-1 46 38.6 22.7 - 54.5 185 43.1 35.0 - 51.2 246 12.3 7.5 - 17.1 246 21.0 15.4 - 26.7 240 14.9 10.1 - 19.8 1-2 42 54.5 37.9 - 71.0 166 62.8 54.4 - 71.1 218 10.2 5.0 - 15.5 214 17.2 11.4 - 23.0 211 9.1 4.9 - 13.3 2-0 39 46.8 30.3 - 63.4 129 52.8 40.8 - 64.8 178 14.0 7.1 - 21.0 179 16.8 6.7 - 26.9 172 7.6 3.0 - 12.2 3-1 73 55.1 42.2 - 67.9 166 52.3 43.3 - 61.3 198 10.7 3.9 - 17.5 199 7.7 4.1 - 11.3 194 6.6 3.2 - 10.1 3-2 66 43.8 30.1 - 57.4 161 62.2 52.6 - 71.9 195 16.0 8.3 - 23.6 198 9.0 4.7 - 13.3 194 13.6 6.5 - 20.7 3-3 62 43.1 23.9 - 62.3 151 71.9 62.4 - 81.4 178 9.7 3.5 - 15.9 178 13.4 5.8 - 20.9 173 11.0 5.5 - 16.5 3-4 38 58.6 41.1 - 76.0 138 52.5 42.8 - 62.2 172 9.8 4.0 - 15.6 173 9.5 5.1 - 13.9 169 8.5 2.9 - 14.0 3-5 76 53.5 41.1 - 65.8 209 65.2 57.7 - 72.8 264 11.8 7.1 - 16.4 265 12.4 7.7 - 17.0 261 11.1 6.3 - 15.8 4-0 58 38.1 24.9 - 51.3 172 50.1 40.5 - 59.8 210 5.0 1.8 - 8.2 211 15.5 10.0 - 20.9 207 17.0 9.5 - 24.4 5-1 57 30.3 17.3 - 43.2 183 52.4 43.5 - 61.3 253 10.4 6.3 - 14.5 256 19.3 13.6 - 25.0 246 12.5 7.8 - 17.2 5-2 64 47.3 33.0 - 61.5 200 58.5 50.7 - 66.2 251 12.4 7.8 - 16.9 252 19.3 13.9 - 24.6 247 8.9 5.2 - 12.6 6-0 71 50.4 37.2 - 63.6 202 52.6 44.8 - 60.5 257 10.2 6.1 - 14.2 257 16.1 11.3 - 20.8 247 9.2 5.2 - 13.2 7-0 47 43.4 27.8 - 59.0 174 51.0 42.3 - 59.7 224 14.5 8.0 - 21.0 225 16.5 11.6 - 21.4 216 8.0 4.4 - 11.5 8-1 46 26.7 12.3 - 41.0 159 61.3 52.8 - 69.8 210 12.6 7.0 - 18.2 211 16.1 10.7 - 21.4 199 8.4 4.3 - 12.6 8-2 46 29.8 15.5 - 44.1 156 56.5 46.7 - 66.2 198 12.6 6.3 - 19.0 200 19.9 13.2 - 26.5 192 13.2 7.2 - 19.2 9-1 63 32.0 19.6 - 44.5 191 56.6 48.5 - 64.7 242 11.8 7.4 - 16.3 243 14.0 9.2 - 18.8 236 8.3 4.9 - 11.7 9-2 42 43.8 32.9 - 54.6 160 51.0 40.7 - 61.4 205 13.3 8.1 - 18.4 205 19.0 12.9 - 25.1 201 8.2 4.4 - 12.0 9-3 53 56.7 38.0 - 75.5 163 62.3 54.0 - 70.7 196 10.0 5.1 - 14.8 198 11.5 6.8 - 16.1 194 13.0 6.1 - 19.8 10-0 52 44.0 29.7 - 58.3 154 48.6 39.9 - 57.2 193 12.2 6.4 - 17.9 193 14.6 8.8 - 20.4 184 8.5 4.4 - 12.6 34 | BRFSS 2000 Methodology The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) is conducted in cooperation with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In 2000, approximately 340 Georgia residents age 18 and older were interviewed each month by telephone about health conditions, behaviors, and the use of preventive services. The total sample size was 4,114. The survey used a Disproportionate Stratified Sample (DSS) design. Telephone numbers were classified into two strata based on the presumed density of residential telephone numbers. Telephone numbers in high-density strata were sampled at a higher rate than numbers in low-density strata. The sample was further stratified to yield approximately equal numbers of respondents in each of the 19 Health Districts in Georgia (see page 1). The questionnaire for 2000 covered a range of topics, including health status, health care access, asthma, diabetes, exercise, tobacco use, fruit and vegetable consumption, weight control, breast and cervical cancer screening, HIV/AIDS, flu and pneumonia immunization, folic acid, and demographic information. Participation was random, anonymous, and confidential. Respondents were randomly selected from among the adult members of the non-institutional households in Georgia. The questionnaire was administered by trained interviewers, and data were entered during the interview via computer using CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing) software. At the end of the survey year, data from the monthly surveys were compiled and weighted to represent the age-, race-, and sex-distribution of the adult population of Georgia. Health District estimates were weighted to the population distributions in each District. Analysis for this report was performed using SAS 8.2, a statistical analysis software package for the analysis of complex survey samples. BRFSS 2000 | 35 Definitions Georgia BRFSS Risk Factor Definitions Overweight or Obese: Adults with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or greater than 25.0. BMI is measured as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Diabetes: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor that they have diabetes. Asthma: Adults who have ever been told by a doctor that they have asthma Cigarette Smoking: Adults who have smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and who are current smokers. Physical Activity: Adults who had insufficient moderate or vigorous activity level. Regular physical activity is defined as leisure time physical activity of moderate intensity five times a week for 30 minutes a session, or vigorous intensity activity three times a week for 20 minutes a session. Fruits and Vegetables: Adults who consume five or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day. Mammography: Adult women, age 40 and older, who had a mammogram within the past two years. Pap Test: Adult women, who have not had a hysterectomy, who had a Pap smear within the past 3 years. Flu Shot: Adults, age 65 and older, who have had a flu shot within the past 12 months. Pneumonia Immunization: Adults, age 65 and older, who have ever had a pneumonia vaccination. Folic Acid: Adult women, age 18-44, not during or post menopause, without hysterectomy, who take a folic acid supplement. HIV Testing: Adults, age 18-64, who have ever been tested for HIV. Health Insurance: Adults who have no health care plan. Fair or Poor Health: Adults who self-reported their health status as fair or poor. Frequent Mental Distress: Adults who reported mental health, including stress, depression, and problems with emotions, not good on 14 or more of the past 30 days. Race/Ethnicity: Race/ethnicity based on response to questions about race and Hispanic origin. Income: Annual household income from all sources. Access to Medical Care: Adults with no access to medical care either have no health insurance or were not able to see a doctor because of cost within the last year. 36 | BRFSS 2000 If you would like more information, visit the BRFSS web sites at: health.state.ga.us/epi/brfss/index.shtml www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/brfss/ For additional copies of this report contact: BRFSS Coordinator Georgia Division of Public Health 2 Peachtree Street, NW, 14th Floor Atlanta, Georgia 30303 Georgia Department of Human Resources DPH Publication #DPH02.22HW