2018 Georgia in Perspective Statistics Trends Facts and Figures For Key Policy Issues Governor s Office of Planning and Budget The photograph on the cover is of a Dove Field at Crockford-Pigeon Mountain Wildlife Management Area taken by the Wildlife Resources Division of the Department of Natural Resources. Editor s Note Georgia in Perspective is a compilation of data from a wide range of sources including federal and state agencies as well as private and non-profit organizations. The Governor s Office of Planning and Budget has attempted to present the most currently available annual data in this report. However the most current year for which data are available at publication time for Georgia in Perspective varies considerably. For example national data from federal agencies frequently have a two year lag time between occurrence of events being tracked and publication of data due to the amount of time required to compile and publish national summary data for 50 states. Georgia state agency data are generally available for the most recently completed fiscal year however for some types of data the compilation time is greater for such reasons as fiscal closeout. 4 Contents Growing Georgia 6 Population Growth and Change Demographics Income Job Growth Housing Exports Quality of Life Mobile Georgia 30 Transportation Infrastructure Public Transit Airport Railroads Bridge Maintenance Healthy Georgia 39 Health Status Child Safety Assistance Programs Insurance Physician Access Mental Health Services in Communities Vaccinations Birth Statistics Diseases Trauma Network Educated Georgia 70 Educational Attainment National Assessments Graduation SAT/ ACT Scores Special Education Teacher Salaries Technical Colleges Universities Safe Georgia 107 Criminal Investigations Adult Corrections Juvenile Crime and Justice Reconvictions Pardons and Paroles Highway Safety Responsible and Efficient Government 131 State Spending Financial Management State Employment Risk Management Administrative Operations Technology Sources 159 "Strategic economic growth in Georgia can be traced back to the state s vast range of competitive resources that keeps Georgia on the top of minds for businesses here and around the world. From our talented workforce comprehensive incentives and other business assets Georgia take intentional steps to make certain businesses in our state can compete in the global market place" Georgia Department of Economic Development Contents Population Growth and Change 7 Demographics 11 Income 14 Job Growth 17 Housing 21 Exports 23 Quality of Life 26 Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 6 Population Growth and Change 12 000 000 10 000 000 Georgia s Population 1900 - 2017 30% 26.4% 25% Number of Persons Percent Growth 8 000 000 6 000 000 4 000 000 2 000 000 17.7% 11.0% 19.0% 18.6% 16.4% 14.5% 10.3% 7.4% 18.6% 20% 15% 10% 7.4% 5% 0.4% 0 0% 1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2017 Population % Change Source U.S. Census Bureau Georgia s population was relatively stable during the first half of the last century followed by a period of rapid population growth. During the 1960s Georgia s population grew by 16.4% followed by growth rates of approximately 19% during each of the succeeding two decades. The fastest pace of growth occurred in Georgia during the decade between 1990 and 2000 ranking it 6th in population growth among the 50 states. Growth increased by 26.4% twice the national average rate of 13.2%. The overall growth rate in Georgia between 2010 and 2017 was 7.4%. From 2010 to 2017 the year-to year growth rate was 1% or above. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 7 Population Growth and Change Annual Growth Rate Population Annual Growth Rate United States and Georgia 2005 - 2017 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 2.6% 2.1% 1.7% 1.5% 1.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.8% 1.0% 0.7% 1.1% 0.7% 1.1% 0.7% 1.0% 0.7% 1.2% 0.8% 1.1% 0.7% 1.1% 0.7% 0.0% 2005-20062006-20072007-20082009-20102010-20112011-20122012-20132013-20142014-20152015-20162016-2017 United States Georgia Source U.S. Census Bureau Between 2009 and 2017 Georgia s population growth remained steady between 1.0% and 1.2%. Between 2009 and 2017 the national population growth remained constant at 0.7% except for 2010 and 2015. Other Statistical Data In 2017 Georgia was ranked the 8th most populous state in the nation and the 2nd most populous southeastern state after Florida. Between 2016 and 2017 Georgia added 115 759 new residents. Georgia ranked 6th in the nation for the largest numeric population increase and 14th for the largest population growth rate. The City of Atlanta ranked 10th among the cities for the largest numeric population increase. The city increased by 13 323 residents between 2016 and 2017. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 8 Population Growth and Change Average Annual Population Growth Rates 2000-2010 and 2010-2017 2.5% Average Annual Percent Change 2.0% 1.5% 1.0% 1.8% 1.9% 1.8% 1.7% 1.5% 1.0% 0.8% 1.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 0.8% 0.8% 0.5% 0.3% 0.0% United States Georgia North Carolina Florida South Carolina Tennessee Alabama 2000-2010 2010-2017 Source U.S. Census Bureau During the last decade Georgia North Carolina South Carolina and Florida registered annual growth rates at 1.5% or above. Alabama and Tennessee experienced the slowest growth rates in the region. During the last decade Georgia North Carolina and Florida experienced the highest growth rates in the region. In the current decade Florida and South Carolina experienced the highest growth rates in the region followed by Georgia and North Carolina at 1.1%. The average annual population growth rates between 2010 and 2017 among the southeastern states ranged from 1.7% in Florida to 0.3% in Alabama. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 9 Population Growth and Change Components of Population Change Southeastern States 2010-2017 Alabama* 33.74% 65.05% Georgia 22.18% 23.69% 54.13% North Carolina 44.73% 20.01% 35.26% Tennessee 48.28% 18.00% 33.72% South Carolina 66.81% 10.10% 23.09% Florida 47.22% 41.95% 10.83% 0% 20% Domestic Migration 40% 60% 80% International Migration Natural Increase 100% * Alabama s Domestic Migration is 1.21% Source U.S. Census Bureau Population change occurs as a result of natural increase (births - deaths) and net migration (in-migration out-migration). Overall between 2000 and 2009 natural increase accounted for 45% of the state s population growth. Between 2010 and 2017 the overall driving force was also natural increase accounting for 54% of the population increase. Migration represented more than half of the population growth in 4 of the 6 southeast states (Florida South Carolina North Carolina and Tennessee) between 2010 and 2017. Natural increase was the major contributor to growth in only 2 of the region s states (Alabama and Georgia). Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 10 Demographics Age Distribution United States and Georgia 2017 30% 25% 24.1% 22.6% 26.5% 27.0% 25.9% 25.8% 20% Percentage of Total Population 15% 10% 9.4% 9.6% 13.6% 12.1% 5% 0% Under 18 18-24 25-44 United States 45-64 Georgia 2.0% 1.4% 65-84 85 Source U.S. Census Bureau In 2017 Georgia had the 10th youngest population among the 50 states with a median age of 36.7 years and about one-quarter of the population (24.1%) was under the age of 18. Georgia s older population continues to increase. Residents who are over the age of 65 account for 13.5% of the total population an increase of 26.6% since 2010. The U.S. Census Bureau reports that by 2035 the population of those aged 65 and older will increase to 78.0 million people nationwide and will outnumber those under the age of 18 (76.4 million). According to the U.S. Census Bureau approximately 4 out of 5 seniors in the United States have 1 chronic health condition and half have 2 or more conditions. The conditions that most frequently limit activity among older Americans include arthritis hypertension heart disease diabetes and respiratory diseases. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 11 Demographics 70% 59.6% 60% 54.0% 50% Georgia s Population by Race 40% 28.9%30.7% 30% 20% 9.2% 10% 7.1% 2.7% 3.7% 0.2% 0.2% 1.1% 1.8% 0.1% 0.1% 0.3% 0.3% 0% White Black AorsAiAamnfreicriacnanAmInedriiacna/nAlaskan Native Two or more races Native HaHwiasipiaann/icPacific Islander Other 2005 2016 Source U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey The population of Whites in Georgia decreased slightly from 59.6% in 2005 to 54.0% in 2016. The population of blacks increased slightly from 28.9% in 2005 to 30.7% in 2016. The number of persons indicating that they were two or more races experienced the fastest growth between 2005 and 2016 increasing 95 798 to 180 061 (an 88.0% increase). The Hispanic population increased from 7.1% in 2005 to 9.2% in 2016 and the Asian population increased from 2.7% to 3.7% during the same period. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 12 Demographics Percentage of Families below Poverty Threshold Poverty Rate United States and Georgia 2010 - 2016 20% 19.1% 19.2% 19.0% 19% 18.3% 18% 17.9% 17.0% 17% 16% 15.3% 15% 15.9% 15.9% 15.8% 15.5% 14.7% 16.0% 14.0% 14% 13% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Size of Family Unit Poverty Threshold ($) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 11 880 16 020 20 160 24 300 28 440 32 580 36 730 40 890 Source U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services The poverty rate measures the percentage of people in families with income below the thresholds specified by the federal government. The thresholds vary by family size. In 2016 Georgia s poverty rate of 16.0% ranked 10th highest among the 50 states and higher than the national rate of 14.0%. Between 2012 and 2016 the poverty rate declined both nationally and in Georgia. In Georgia the poverty rate decreased by 16.7% from 19.2% in 2012 to 16.0% in 2016. Nationally the poverty rate decreased by 11.9% from 15.9% in 2012 to 14.0% in 2016. 15 of Georgia s 159 counties had poverty rates above 30% in 2016 Calhoun Clay Crisp Dougherty Early Hancock Jenkins Macon Randolph Stewart Telfair Terrell Turner Wheeler and Wilcox. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 13 Income Per Capita Income United States and Georgia 2006 - 2017 $55 000 Per Capita Income $50 000 $45 000 $40 000 $35 000 50 392 49 204 48 429 46 486 44 283 44 489 42 463 41 082 39 821 40 278 39 376 38 144 43 270 42 146 41 020 39 142 36 672 36 876 37 183 35 516 35 306 34 665 34 361 34 646 $30 000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 United States Georgia Source U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Economic Accounts Due to changing economic conditions per capita income in Georgia experienced a temporary decline between 2007 and 2009 and the national per capita income also experienced a decline between 2008 and 2009. Despite the temporary dip Georgia experienced an overall 24.8% increase in per capita income between 2006 and 2017 from $34 665 to $43 270. Nationally income increased at a faster pace during this period (32.1%). Other Statistical Data Although Georgia s per capita income lags behind the national average the state has the 15th lowest cost of living among the 50 states. In 2016 per capita income among Georgia s counties varied considerably from $16 267 in Wheeler County to $74 095 in Fulton County. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 14 Income Per Capita Real Gross Domestic Product United States and Georgia 2006 - 2017 $54 000 Per Capita GDP $52 000 $50 000 $48 000 $46 000 $44 000 $42 000 51 337 50 660 50 301 48 880 49 126 48 401 49 329 48 534 48 174 47 013 46 374 47 289 47 598 46 680 45 925 45 238 44 239 44 246 43 467 42 052 42 032 42 144 42 206 42 513 $40 000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 United States Georgia Source U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Economic Accounts Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is the total value of goods and services produced by a state per resident. In 2006 Georgia s per capita real GDP ($47 013) was close to the national average ($48 880). Georgia continues to lag behind the national GDP. In 2017 Georgia s per capita real GDP ($45 925) was 10.5% lower than the national average ($51 337). Nationally per capita GDP increased by 5% between 2006 and 2017 while in Georgia per capita GDP decreased by 2.3% during the same period. As a result there was a widening gap in GDP between Georgia and the nation as a whole. GDP declined steeply between 2008 and 2009 both nationally and in Georgia in response to the economic recession which was followed by a period of stabilization. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 15 Income Household Income Median Household Income United States and Georgia 2006 - 2016 $60 000 $58 000 $56 000 57 617 55 775 $54 000 $52 000 $50 000 $48 000 $46 000 $44 000 53 657 50 740 52 029 50 861 50 221 50 046 50 502 51 371 52 250 53 559 51 244 48 451 49 136 49 321 46 832 47 590 47 829 47 209 46 430 46 007 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey Median income in Georgia has fluctuated over the past decade. It increased between 2006 and 2008 but declined during the economic downturn. However between 2011 and 2016 Georgia s median income increased by 16.4% from $46 007 to $53 559. Although Georgia ranks 30th for median household income among the states the state s median household income of $53 559 is the highest among southeast states. 52.4% of Georgia s population falls within the prime workforce age range (25-64 years). Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 16 Job Growth Unemployement Rate (Percentage) Monthly Unemployment Rate United States and Georgia 2008 - 2017 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 United States Georgia Source Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics As a result of the "Great Recession" (December 2007 to June 2009) Georgia s unemployed labor force grew from 248 000 individuals in January 2008 to a high of 503 000 individuals in December 2009. During the same time the unemployment rate more than doubled from 5.1% to 10.5%. Georgia s unemployment rate continued to grow well into 2010 reaching 10.6% in four separate months. In December 2017 Georgia s unemployment rate declined to 4.5% while seeing an increase its overall labor force from 4.9 million in January 2008 to 5.1 million in December 2017. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 17 Job Growth 4 600 000 Non-Agricultural Jobs Georgia 2008 - 2017 4 500 000 4 400 000 4 452 100 4 371 300 Number of Jobs 4 300 000 4 200 000 4 100 000 4 000 000 3 900 000 3 800 000 4 261 800 4 122 200 4 144 900 4 034 400 3 899 900 3 860 100 3 953 700 3 900 200 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source Bureau of Labor Statistics and Georgia Department of Labor Current Employment Statistics (CES) Not Seasonally Adjusted (Yearly Average) As a result of the Great Recession the number of jobs in Georgia continued to decline well into 2010 however from 2010 and 2017 the number of non-agricultural jobs increased by over 15.3% or an estimated 592 000 jobs. Georgia s growth from 2010 to 2017 was attributed to growth across multiple sectors including Manufacturing. Georgia was ranked by Forbes Magazine as the sixth best state for business in 2017 due to the state s regulatory environment economic climate and labor supply. In 2018 Site Selection Magazine announced Georgia as the Number 1 State for Business for the fifth year in a row. Also in 2018 Area Development Magazine announced Georgia as the Number 1 State for Business for fifth year in a row. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 18 Job Growth Employment by Major Industry Georgia 2008 2010 and 2017 Mining and Logging Construction Manufacturing Trade Transportation and Utilities Information Financial Activities Professional and Business Services Education and Health Services Leisure and Hospitality Other Services Government 0 200 400 600 800 1 000 1 200 Thousands (000s) 2017 2010 2008 Source Bureau of Labor Statistics and Georgia Department of Labor Current Employment Statistics (CES) Not Seasonally Adjusted Georgia s employment sectors are categorized into 11 major industries with Trade Transportation and Utilities Professional and Business Services and the Government sector making up over 50 percent of Georgia s jobs. From 2008 to 2017 Georgia s Mining and Logging Construction and Manufacturing sectors saw an overall decline in jobs. Most of the overall decline can be attributed to a two year period from 2008 to 2010 where the state lost nearly 120 000 jobs in all three sectors combined. Since 2010 the Construction and Manufacturing sectors have seen job growth of 23% and 15% respectively and Mining and Logging has increased a little over 2%. Since 2008 the Professional and Business Services Education and Health and Leisure and Hospitality sectors have seen job growth exceeding 20%. The Government sector in Georgia has decreased steadily since 2008. In 2008 government sector jobs which include local state and federal was estimated at 711 000. In 2010 the number stood at a little under 700 000 and in 2017 there were nearly 688 000 jobs. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 19 Job Growth Direct Tourism Expenditures $32 Billions of Dollars $30 $29.6 $28.5 $28 $26.7 $27.5 $26 $24.0 $24.9 $24 $22 $20.8 $21.0 $22.7 $20 $19.4 $18 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source U.S. Travel Association and the Department of Economic Development Georgia cultivates strong tourism through convention and conference business coastal tourism and the world s busiest airport. With the Leisure and Hospitality sector showing job growth of 21% since 2008 and 28% since 2010 direct tourism expenditures are driving the industry. Travel industry spending directly supported an estimated 478 000 of the state s Leisure and Hospitality sector jobs in 2017. Direct tourism expenditures in Georgia have steadily increased by 52.6% from 2012 to 2017. Tourism generated $3.3 billion in tax revenue for state and local governments in 2017. In 2016 $17.2 billion in wages and salaries were generated in Georgia from the travel industry. In 2017 domestic travelers accounted for $26.5 billion in spending and international travelers generated $3.1 billion. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 20 Housing Homeownership Rates United States and Georgia 2006 - 2016 70% Percentage of Units Occupied Owner 69% 68.5% 68% 67.7% 67.4% 67% 67.3% 67.2% 67.0% 67.2% 66.8% 66.6% 66.2% 66.6% 66.0% 66% 66.1% 65.9% 65.1% 65% 65.4% 65.5% 64.9% 64.4% 64.6% 63.9% 64% 64.2% 63.6% 63% 63.3% 62.8% 62% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey Homeownership rates are the number of owner-occupied housing units divided by the total occupied housing units. Georgia s homeownership rate has declined from 67.2% in 2010 to 62.8% in 2016. The national homeownership rate also declined between 2010 and 2016 from 66.2% to 63.6%. Between 2010 and 2016 the national and state homeownership rates were very close. From 2010 to 2013 the state rate was slighter higher than the national rate and from 2014-2016 the national rate was slightly higher. New single unit residential construction in Georgia increased from 14 779 units in 2010 to 40 311 in 2017. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 21 Housing Housing Value Median Housing Values United States and Georgia 2005 - 2016 $220 000 $210 000 $200 000 197 600 194 300 205 000 194 500 $190 000 $180 000 $170 000 $160 000 185 200 185 200 179 900 181 900 167 500 169 100 164 500 162 800 173 600171 900173 900 156 800 156 200 166 800 159 300 $150 000 147 500 $140 000 147 100 147 900 142 300141 600 $130 000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey Median housing values have fluctuated nationally and in Georgia between 2005 and 2016. Housing value peaks occurred in 2008 before declining to a low value in 2013 in Georgia. Since 2013 housing values have been increasing. Median housing values in Georgia have been below national levels during the last decade the gap between median housing values in Georgia and in the nation continue to widen. In 2016 median rent in Georgia s counties ranged from $413 in Clay County to $1272 in Chattahoochee County. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 22 Exports Value of Agricultural Sector Production Georgia 2010-2017 $11 500 000 $11 000 000 $10 500 000 $10 000 000 $10 828 143 $10 829 242 $10 693 291 $10 347 331 $10 068 009 Dollars (000s) $9 500 000 $9 000 000 $9 311 527 $9 283 890 $8 500 000 $8 000 000 $8 314 394 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Value of agricultural sector production is the gross value of the commodities and services produced in Georgia. The value of agricultural sector production includes two major production categories Crop and Animals and Products. The value of Animals and Products production consistently makes up more than 50 % of total production. In 2017 Animal and Product production comprised an estimated 58% of all value. Georgia s top four agricultural commodities in 2017 were Broilers Cotton Peanuts Eggs Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 23 Exports Value of Exports Georgia 2008-2017 $45 $40 $39.4 $38.6 $37.6 $37.2 $36 $34.9 $35 $35.7 Billions of Dollars $30 $27.5 $28.9 $25 $23.7 $20 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source U.S. Department of Commerce Trade Statistics Express The value of Georgia s exports steadily increased after the recession from $23.7 billion in 2009 to a high of $39.4 billion in 2014. Georgia s top 5 exports in 2017 Transportation equipment Machinery (except electrical) Chemicals Paper Computers and electronic products Georgia s top trade partners are Canada Mexico China Germany Singapore Japan United Kingdom India and Netherlands. The state exported more than $1 billion worth of products to each of these countries in 2017. Georgia exported to 215 destinations in 2017 and is ranked 12th in the nation in terms of export value. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 24 Exports Georgia Exports by Country 2017 Canada 16.8% Mexico 9.7% Other 37.5% China 7.6% Germany 5.0% Singapore 3.8% Japan 3.7% United Kingdom 3.4% United Arab Emirates 2.2% Brazil 2.3% Korea South 2.3% Netherlands 2.8% India 2.8% Source U.S. Census Bureau Economic Indicators Division Georgia exported to over 215 countries totaling over $37 billion in 2017 however 12 countries make up more than 62.5% or $23 billion of the total export value. In 2017 Georgia exported over $6.3 billion in products or 16.8% of total exports to Canada. Geographic regions include Africa (3%) Asia (34%) Australia (2%) Europe (23%) North America (27%) and South/Central America (11%). Other entities and International organizations include LAFTA - Latin American Free Trade Association NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Allies OECD - Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development and OPEC - Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 25 Quality of Life Per Capita Energy Consumption Georgia 2006 - 2016 350 Million BTU Per Capita 340 337.6 330 328.7 320.2 320 310.9 310 305.1 300.5 300 290 283.8 280.2 279.8 280.9 280 275.3 270 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source U.S. Energy Information Administration Four main fuel types contribute to Georgia s total energy consumption coal petroleum natural gas and electricity fuels such as nuclear hydro-power and wood biomass. The average amount of energy consumed by each Georgian decreased by 14.0% between 2010 and 2016. Georgia ranked 33rd among the states for per capita total energy consumption in 2016. Georgia is a leading state in the production of lumber and pulpwood which contribute feedstock for biomass electricity generation. In 2016 Georgia ranked 2nd in the nation in net electricity generation from biomass. Between 2010 and 2016 Georgia s electric power generation from renewable sources increased by 22.3%. Since 2009 electricity generated by natural gas has gained an increasing share of Georgia s energy portfolio reducing the state s reliability on coal-fired electricity. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 26 Quality of Life River Miles Assessed That Meet Water Quality Standards Georgia 2000 - 2016 River Miles 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 9 996 11 287 11 823 12 342 13 107 13 702 13 838 14 123 14 415 5 983 4 013 6 387 4 900 6 871 4 952 6 983 5 359 7 628 5 479 7 845 5 857 8 211 5 627 8 360 5 763 8 531 5 884 2 000 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Miles Fully Supporting Standards Total Miles Assessed Miles Not Fully Supporting Standards Source Georgia Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division Pollutants that cause water quality standard violations can pose risks to human health impact fish and wildlife populations and decrease the recreational quality of these waters. Water quality standards define the goals for a body of water by designating its uses and setting criteria to protect those uses including limits that define acceptable amounts of specific pollutants. Georgia has an estimated 70 150 total miles of rivers and streams. The total number of rivers assessed in Georgia increased 44.2% between 2000 and 2016 from 9 996 to 14 415. The proportion of river miles assessed that met standards remained stable at 40.2% in 2000 and 40.8% in 2016. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 27 Quality of Life Air Quality Levels Georgia 2006 - 2016 0.090 100 Ozone Index Value Atlanta Metro Air quality values over 100 (In days) 0.085 0.084 0.084 80 0.080 0.075 0.070 0.065 0.060 60 0.076 0.074 84 0.072 0.072 40 63 0.068 54 0.068 44 0.065 0.065 20 25 27 0.063 31 15 11 16 15 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Georgia Ozone Level (Parts per million) Atlanta Air Quality Values over 100 (days) Source Georgia Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division Despite fluctuations over the past decade ozone levels have decreased from 0.084 parts per million of volume of air in 2006 to 0.068 in 2016. The number of days the Air Quality Index exceeded 100 in the Atlanta metropolitan area has also fluctuated over the past decade from a high of 84 in 2007 to a low of 11 in 2013. Sources that contribute to ozone levels include both mobile (automobiles and trucks) and stationary (industrial and other) sources. Added emphasis on vanpools carpools telework and public transit through the Clean Air Campaign and the Georgia Commute Options program(s) have worked to reduce mobile-source emissions. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 28 Quality of Life Particulate Matter (PM-2.5) Concentration Levels Georgia 2006 - 2016 16 15 14.69 14 13.74 Concentration of PM-2.5 13 12.56 12.03 12 11.14 11.19 11 10.01 9.96 10 9.32 9 8.76 8.72 8 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source Georgia Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division Particulate Matter 2.5 (PM-2.5) is a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. Fine particles can be emitted directly from smoke or formed in the atmosphere from emissions from industrial and mobile sources. Fine particulate matter is less than 2.5 microns in diameter. The Environmental Protection Agency re-designated the Atlanta Metro Area to "attainment" (from "nonattainment") for the 1997 PM-2.5 NAAQS on February 24 2016. This was the last remaining "nonattainment" area in Georgia for PM-2.5. No areas of Georgia are currently in "non-attainment" status for PM-2.5. PM-2.5 concentrations declined in Georgia by 41% between 2006 and 2016 from 14.69 to 8.72. Growing Georgia Georgia in Perspective 29 Developing and maintaining Georgia s transportation infrastructure to move people and products in a 21st Century economy. Contents Transportation Infrastructure 31 Public Transit 32 Airports 35 Railroads 37 Interstate and Bridge Maintenance 38 Mobile Georgia Georgia in Perspective 30 Transportation Infrastructure Source Georgia Center of Innovation for Logistics Currently Georgia has about 11 000 logistics providers. The Georgia logistics industry is predicted to create 9 500 new jobs each year. Georgia jobs in the logistics industry are predicted to grow a rate of 18% compared to the national average of 13%. On the state and national level there is a projected large shortage of skilled workers for logistics-related jobs. Mobile Georgia Georgia in Perspective 31 Public Transit Source Georgia Department of Transportation 123 Georgia counties offered some form of transit service to citizens in 2017. Urban transit systems comprise the majority of Georgia s transit activity with approximately 148 million passenger trips annually. The largest transit system in Georgia is the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority also known as MARTA which currently operates 48 miles of rail transit lines along with bus service in the City of Atlanta and its immediate surrounding areas. The state of Georgia offers the Xpress system through the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority which provides bus rapid transit services to 12 metro Atlanta counties. Mobile Georgia Georgia in Perspective 32 Public Transit State Transit Systems - Passenger Miles Traveled 2008-2016 1 200 000 000 1 000 000 000 800 000 000 Passengers Miles 600 000 000 400 000 000 200 000 000 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 MARTA Non-MARTA Source U.S. Department of Transportation National Transit Database Miles traveled by state transit systems have remained relatively stagnant since 2008. The Metropolitan Atlanta Transit Authority (MARTA) comprises the largest share of passenger miles in the state with a high point in 2009 with 818 million passenger miles serviced. MARTA serviced approximately 744 million miles in 2016. Other transit systems outside of MARTA service a large amount of commuter miles including Cobb County Transit (CCT) Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA) Gwinnett County Transit (GCT) and Chatham Area Transit (CAT). Rideshare services such as vRide Inc. and Enterprise Rideshare have become more prevalent comprising approximately 37 million miles traveled in 2016. Mobile Georgia Georgia in Perspective 33 Public Transit Metropolitan Atlanta Evening Peak Hour Speed (General Purpose Lanes) FY 2012 - FY 2018 42 40 38 Miles Per Hour 36 34 32 30 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Miles Per Hour (AM) Miles Per Hour (PM) Target (40 MPH) Source Georgia Department of Transportation Peak morning hours are from 6 AM to 10 AM while peak evening hours are from 3 PM to 7 PM. Population growth in Atlanta has caused commute times and congestion to increase across the metro area. Since the passing of HB 170 (2015 Legislative Session) heavy emphasis on new roadwork projects such as the Interstate 75 Northwest Corridor the Georgia 400 interchange and other projects has increased congestion in the various areas of the state resulting in increased travel times. With the long-term goal of providing congestion relief current and future projects will continue to increase travel times in the short-term. Large projects along with increased access to consumer choice through the State s Peach Pass program and other lanes such as the High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes are designed to mitigate congestion in metro Atlanta s general purpose lanes. Mobile Georgia Georgia in Perspective 34 Airports Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport Total Passengers 2006 - 2016 110 Passengers (in millions) 105 104 101 100 96 95 95 94 92 90 90 89 89 88 85 85 80 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source Georgia Department of Transportation Airports Council International Hartsfield-Jackson International has been the world s busiest airport for 19 years in a row and the world s most efficient airport for 15 years in a row. The airport hosts 18 passenger airlines which carried 104 million passengers in 2016. ATLNext a 20-year capital improvement program began in 2016 and is estimated to cost $6 billion. In March 2017 ATL initiated TruckPass to enhance customer service and promote air cargo growth. Hartsfield-Jackson has three main air cargo complexes which maintain more than 1.3 million square feet of air cargo handling. According to the Airports Council International Hartsfield-Jackson Airport ranked 12th in the nation in total cargo in 2016. In 2016 Atlanta s airport handled 648 595 metric tons of cargo a 3.6% increase from 2015. Mobile Georgia Georgia in Perspective 35 Airports Number of Airports Meeting State Recommendation for Runway Length by Airport Type Georgia FY 2011 - FY 2017 45 41 41 41 41 40 40 40 38 35 Number of Airports 30 27 25 20 18 27 18 28 18 28 20 28 20 28 20 26 20 15 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Local Airports 4000 Runway Regional Airports 5500 Runway Business Airports 5000 Runway Source Georgia Department of Transportation Airports in Georgia are classified among three tier levels that reflect their role within the state airport system. Tier One "Local" airports must have a runway length of 4 000 feet and can accommodate all single-engine and smaller twin-engine aircraft. Tier Two "Business" airports must have a runway length of 5 000 feet and can accommodate all single and twin-engine aircraft along with most corporate/business aircraft. Tier Three "Regional" airports must have a runway length of 5 500 feet and can accommodate nearly all aircraft including commercial and business aircraft. The number of Georgia airports meeting recommended runway length increased from 85 in FY 2012 to 89 in FY 2016. The number dropped to 84 in FY 2017. According to a study by the Georgia Department of Transportation (GDOT) the economic impact of Georgia s airports include $62.6 billion in overall economic output in 2011 including 471 000 jobs with an annual payroll of $17.8 billion. Mobile Georgia Georgia in Perspective 36 Railroads Source Georgia Department of Transportation Governor s Office of Planning and Budget Georgia operates a robust freight rail system with approximately 5 000 miles of track transporting 196 million tons of freight annually. The majority of rail mileage in the state is owned by CSX Transportation and Norfolk Southern Railway which mainly operate Mainline track miles. The state of Georgia and other entities comprise the ownership of the remaining mileage which consists of mostly Shortline rail systems. The state of Georgia owns approximately 14% of route mileage in Georgia comprising roughly 600 track miles. Operations on state-owned tracks are managed by private entities. Since 2013 the state of Georgia has appropriated over $34 million in state funding dedicated toward improving state-owned rail track mileage with over 280 miles of track rehabilitated statewide. Mobile Georgia Georgia in Perspective 37 Interstate and Bridge Maintenance Percentage of Interstates/Bridges Percentage of Georgia s Interstates and Bridges Meeting Maintenance Standards FY 2010 - FY 2017 95% 90% 89.0% 89.0% 87.0% 87.0% 86.0% 86.0% 86.0% 87.0% 85% 83.3% 81.7% 80.1% 80% 75.5% 75% 75.9% 72.3% 70% 74.0% 73.7% 65% 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Interstates Bridges Source Georgia Department of Transportation FY 2019 Performance Measure Report There are 15 interstates in Georgia covering over 1 200 miles. Over 500 miles of interstates are located in rural areas and over 600 miles are located in urban areas and the remainder covers small urban areas around 110 miles. There are approximately 14 700 bridge structures across the state of Georgia with over 6 600 bridges being state-owned. Mobile Georgia Georgia in Perspective 38 Ensuring access to care and encouraging active lifestyles. Contents Health Status 40 Child Safety 44 Assistance Programs 48 Insurance 50 Physician Access 52 Mental Health Services in Communities 54 Vaccinations 55 Birth Statistics 57 Diseases 59 Trauma Network 69 Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 39 Health Status Georgia Index of Health Compared to Nationally Ranked States 2007 - 2017 1.5 1.197 1.196 1.082 1.045 1.064 1.117 1.0 0.919 0.91 0.892 0.905 0.916 State Score 0.5 0.185 0.278 0.245 0.236 0.139 0.139 0.275 0.21 0.132 0.116 0.123 0.0 -0.363 -0.345 -0.469 -0.22 -0.275 -0.261 -0.315 -0.32 -0.371 -0.464 -0.432 -0.5 -1.0 -0.848 -0.789 -0.743 -0.822 -0.938 -0.894 -1 -0.986 -1.036 -1.136 -1.123 -1.5 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 1st Ranked State Georgia Overall Rank 25th Ranked State 50th Ranked State Source United Health Foundation America s Health Rankings America s Health Rankings combine measures on personal behaviors clinical care community and environment and health policy into a composite score of a state s health. The composite score indicates the percentage a state is above or below the national norm in overall health. For example a score of -0.2 means the state is 20% below the national average. Georgia continues to rank below the national average on health factors in 2017 Georgia ranked 41st in the nation. Georgia s strengths include low occurrence of binge drinking low percentage of drug deaths high percentage of meningococcal immunization among adolescents Georgia s weaknesses include high percentage of population without health insurance high rate of children in poverty high mortality rate for infants Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 40 Health Status Factors Influencing Health Status Health Care 10.0% Environment 19.0% Lifestyle 51.0% Human Biology 20.0% Source Georgia Health Policy Center Georgia State University Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) the proportion of adults in the United States who rate their health as good or better was 90.1% in 2017. Environmental factors impacting health include housing access to food income distribution transportation means racial disparities and physical conditions such as air quality. Lifestyle factors include smoking obesity stress nutrition blood pressure and alcohol and drug use. Health care factors include insurance status prenatal care immunizations and dental care. According to the CDC lifestyle choices have the greatest impact on a person s health. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 41 Health Status Number of Dentists Per 10 000 Residents United States and Georgia 2011 - 2016 6.5 6.1 6.1 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 Number per 10 000 Residents 5.5 5.0 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention & Health Promotion Since 2011 the number of dentists in Georgia per 10 000 residents has remained constant at 4.7 dentists per 10 000 residents. The state of Georgia continues to fall below the national average of 6.0 to 6.1 dentists per 10 000 residents. The Dental College of Georgia at Augusta University is the only dental school in Georgia. In 2016 74 students graduated from Georgia s dental school. Georgia is among 21 states receiving CDC funding to enhance the infrastructure and capacity of the state s oral health programs. CDC funding through the State Oral Disease Prevention Program and the State Chronic Disease and Oral Health Programs ended September 2018. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 42 Health Status Georgia Counties without Dentists 2017 Source Georgia Board for Physician Workforce In 2017 there were 4 693 dentists practicing in Georgia. As indicated in the map above there were 23 counties in Georgia that had no dentists Atkinson Baker Banks Brooks Chattahoochee Clay Crawford Echols Hancock Heard Jenkins Long Marion Montgomery Oglethorpe Pulaski Quitman Randolph Schley Taliaferro Twiggs Warren and Webster. 36% of counties in Georgia have 2 or less dentists. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 43 Child Safety Child Abuse and Neglect Reports Georgia FY 2012 - FY 2016 130 000 120 000 110 000 100 000 90 000 115 311 108 718 91 853 Number of Reports 80 000 70 000 70 512 76 578 60 000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Child Maltreatment 2016 In Georgia people who work with children and families are required to report suspected abuse to the Division of Family and Children Services (DFCS). Some of the mandated reporters include physicians hospital personnel dentists psychologists podiatrists nurses professional counselors school teachers and child welfare staff. The largest number of child abuse and neglect reports are received from Georgia s schools followed by law enforcement. Between FY 2012 and FY 2016 the number of child abuse and neglect reports has increased by 63.5% from 70 512 to 115 311. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 44 Child Safety Child Protective Cases Investigated by Determination Georgia 2017 Substantiated Closed 8.4% Unsubstantiated Open 14.5% Substantiated Open 14.1% Unsubstantiated Closed 63.0% Source Georgia Department of Human Services Division of Family and Children Services Less than one-fourth of the 35 593 reports of suspected child abuse and neglect in Georgia investigated by DFCS in 2017 were substantiated (22.5%). There were 6 738 Family Preservation cases opened in 2017. Of these only 2 734 were preceded by a substantial investigation. The maltreatment rate per 1 000 children in Georgia increased from 7.4 in 2011 to 9.1 in 2016. Neglect is the most frequent type of maltreatment identified in Georgia. In 2017 63% of Georgia s substantiated cases involved this type of maltreatment. Almost 2 out of 5 of Georgia s maltreatment victims (38.5%) are under the age of 4 years. In 2017 nearly 8 out of 10 (78%) perpetrators of substantiated abuse and neglect were parents followed by non-biological parents (8%) and relatives (5%). Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 45 Child Safety Number of Monthly Active Child Protective Service Cases Georgia 2011 - 2017 20 000 18 000 16 000 17 237 14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 7 357 6 000 Number of Cases July 2017 2016 2017 2015 2016 2014 2015 2013 2014 2012 2013 2011 2012 July January July January July January July January July January July January Source Georgia Department of Human Services Division of Family and Children Services Active Child Protective Services (CPS) cases include the number of CPS investigations and Family Preservation cases being handled by DFCS. Substantiated Family Preservation cases of abuse and neglect are opened by DFCS for ongoing CPS action when the level of risk for recurring maltreatment is high or moderate. The monthly number of CPS cases in Georgia has fluctuated considerably with a low of 7 357 in July 2011 and a high of 17 237 in March 2016. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 46 Child Safety Monthly Number of Children in DFCS Custody Georgia July 2012 - June 2017 15 000 14 000 13 000 13 561 Number of Children per Month 12 000 11 000 10 000 9 000 7 953 8 000 7 000 July 2012January 2013 July 2013January 2014 July 2014January 2015 July 2015January 2016 July 2016January 2017June 2017 Source Georgia Department of Human Services Division of Family and Children Services The monthly number of children that were in DFCS custody in Georgia increased by 70.5% from 7 953 in July 2012 to 13 561 in June 2017. During FY 2017 there was an average of 13 162 children in DFCS legal custody. One-third of children in DFCS custody (33.3%) in FY 2017 were under the age of 4 years. In 2017 approximately half (53%) of children placed in foster care were placed with their siblings and 13% of these children were placed in institutions. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 47 Assistance Programs Temporary Assistance for Needy Families Georgia Monthly Caseload FY 2012 - FY 2016 22 000 20 000 19 256 18 000 Number of Cases 16 000 14 000 12 000 12 408 10 000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source Georgia Department of Human Services Division of Family and Children s Services Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) is a monthly cash and work opportunities assistance program for low income families. The TANF Program has four purposes Help needy families so children can be nurtured in their home Reduce reliance of needy parents by encouraging marriage work and job preparation Prevent out-of-wedlock pregnancies Promote the preservation and formation of two-parent families The number of TANF cases decreased by 36% from 19 256 at the beginning of FY 2012 to 12 408 at the end of FY 2016. At $280 Georgia s monthly TANF benefit ranked 9th lowest among states for a single-parent family of three in July 2017. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 48 Assistance Programs Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Georgia Monthy Caseload FY 2012 - FY 2016 940 000 920 000 918 712 900 000 Number of SNAP Cases 880 000 860 000 840 000 820 000 800 000 780 000 778 913 760 000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source Georgia Department of Human Services Division of Family and Children s Services The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) formerly known as the Food Stamp Program provides food and nutrition assistance to eligible families. Households are eligible if total resources such as checking accounts savings accounts and saving bonds are less than $2 250 and they meet the income limits for their household size. In addition households with a member 60 years or older or disabled have a higher resource limit of $3 500. Between FY 2012 and FY 2016 the number of SNAP cases fluctuated between a high of 918 712 cases in FY 2013 to a low of 778 913 in FY 2014. There was an overall decrease of 5% during this time period. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture the average amount a Georgia family received in SNAP assistance in FY 2016 was $277 per month while the national average was $255 per month. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 49 Insurance Health Insurance Coverage Georgia 2016 Other Public 3.5% Non-group 6.8% Medicare 11.8% Uninsured 12.3% Employer 49.0% Medicaid 16.6% Source Kaiser Family Foundation State Health Facts Employers are the primary sponsor of health insurance in the state of Georgia and the United States. In 2016 the state and national percentage of employer-sponsored health insurance was 49%. The average family premium per enrolled employee for employer-based health insurance in Georgia has grown at a faster rate than the national average. Between 2013 and 2016 the average family premium in Georgia went from $14 762 to $18 252 while the national average family premium went from $16 029 to $17 710. In 2016 approximately 1.3 million (12.3%) Georgians were uninsured with Georgia ranking 4th highest in the nation for the percentage of total population uninsured. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 50 Insurance Average Monthly Medicaid and PeachCare Enrollment Georgia FY 2011 - FY 2017 2 500 Enrollment in Thousands 2 000 1 500 1 509.95 1 559.29 1 607.55 1 639.1 1 777.87 1 820.88 1 792.44 1 000 500 199.35 205.17 217.96 223.27 195.07 174.37 180.08 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Medicaid PeachCare Source Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services National Health Expenditures Data Department of Community Health Medicaid is a joint state and federal partnership that provides medical assistance to persons who are aged blind disabled or low-income. Nationally Medicaid accounted for 17% of health care spending in 2016. Average monthly Medicaid enrollment in Georgia increased 18.7% between FY 2011 and FY 2017 from 1 509 951 to 1 792 439. PeachCare is Georgia s State Children s Health Insurance Program (S-CHIP) and provides medical and dental coverage for qualified low-income Georgia children. PeachCare average monthly enrollment decreased by 9.7% between FY 2011 and FY 2017 from 199 345 to 180 083. PeachCare enrollment includes S-CHIP as well as Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Grant Extension Aid Categories. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 51 Physician Access Number per 100 000 Population Physicians per 100 000 Population Georgia 2000 - 2015 240 220 210 202 202 200 204 205 200 192 193 180 160 140 120 100 83 86 88 81 81 82 86 88 80 60 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2013 2015 Physicians all specialties Primary Care Physicians Source Georgia Board for Physician Workforce Georgia ranked 39th in the nation with respect to the number of physicians per capita in 2015 an increase from 40th in 2008 according to the American Medical Association. The number of physicians per 100 000 residents increased by 9.4% from 192 in 2000 to 210 in 2015 and the number of primary care physicians increased by about 6.0% from 83 to 88. Health Professional Shortage Areas are designated by the U.S. Health Resources and Services Administration as having a shortage of primary medical care. There are 241 primary care health professional shortage areas in Georgia. The state dedicated $3.2 million in funding to the Georgia Undergraduate Medical Education program and $17.2 million to the Georgia Graduate Medical Education program in FY 2018. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 52 Physician Access Emergency Room Visit Rate Per 100 000 by County of Residence Georgia 2016 Source Georgia Department of Public Health In 2016 there were 3 952 553 visits to emergency rooms across the state of Georgia. Medicaid paid for more than a quarter (27.7%) of these visits. Other major sources of payment for emergency room visits include self-pay (23.7%) private insurance (23.5%) and Medicare (17.3%). The other 7.8% comes from all other payors. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 53 Mental Health Services in Communities Mental Health Utilization Rates Georgia 2008 - 2017 20 16.1 16.99 17.07 16.70 16.37 15.16 15.04 15 13.49 13.92 12.93 Rate per 1 000 Population 10 14.08 16.14 16.96 17.75 17.75 17.33 16.90 15.48 14.34 13.29 5 1.17 0.98 0.86 0.76 0.68 0.63 0.53 0.44 0.42 0.36 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Hospital Utilization Community Utilization Total Utilization Rate Source SAMHSA Center for Mental Health Services Uniform Reporting System Mental Health National Outcome Measures Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities Between 2012 and 2017 the hospital and community utilization rates declined. The total utilization rate decreased by 25% from 17.75 to 13.29. The Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities provided housing vouchers for 2 471 people with mental illness in FY 2017. In FY 2017 119 857 adult mental health individuals were served in the community. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 54 Vaccinations Percentage of Vaccinations for Children 19-35 Months of Age United States and Georgia 2007 - 2016 90% Percent Vaccinated 80% 70% 68.4% 66.5% 65.9% 67.4% 60% 69.5% 68.5% 74.7% 68.4% 70.4% 69.8% 74% 71.6% 75.6% 72.2% 77.3% 70.7% 56% 50% 45.8% 49.6% 44.3% 40% 30% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ChildVaxView Children attending day care or school are required to be vaccinated against diphtheria tetanus polio measles mumps and rubella Haemophilus influenzae type B hepatitis A hepatitis B varicella pneumonia pertussis and meningococcal disease. To overcome barriers to vaccination Georgia s public health departments Remind parents when their children s vaccinations are due Offer extended clinic hours including the Georgia School-Based Flu Program Provide vaccinations on a walk-in basis Distribute educational materials on immunization In 2016 Georgia ranked 7th (tied with Alabama) nationally for the percentage of children 19-35 months of age who received the Combined 7-vaccine series. The seven vaccines include DTaP Polio MMR Hib. full series Hep. B Varicella and PCV. Georgia ranks 2nd (tied with Alabama) among the six southeastern states for the percentage of children who received the 7-vaccine series. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 55 Vaccinations Percentage of Adults 65 Years and Older Adults 65 Years and Older Who Have Had a Flu Shot in the Past Year United States and Georgia 2006 - 2016 75% 72% 71.1% 69.6% 70% 70.1% 67.6% 65% 66.6% 64.8% 65.2% 67.5% 62.8% 61.8% 61.3% 60.1% 60.8% 61.3% 60% 60.1% 58.6% 58.3% 55% 55.2% 55.7% 54.6% 54.7% 50% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Prevalence and Trends Data Infections caused by pneumococci are a major cause of death and disease globally. Some adults with weakened immune systems may receive more than one dose over their lifetime. Pneumonia and meningitis are the most common manifestations of invasive pneumococcal disease. Bacteria spread in the respiratory tract can cause ear infection sinusitis or recurrent bronchitis. The highest rate of pneumococcal disease occurs in the elderly and young children. It also affects those suffering from chronic conditions and weakened immune systems. 58.3% of elderly Georgians were vaccinated against pneumococcal disease in 2016. In 2016 Georgia ranked 27th nationally for percentage of adults 65 years and older who had a flu shot in the past year. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 56 Birth Statistics Rate per 1 000 Population Teen Birth Rate United States and Georgia 2007 - 2016 60 54.9 51.8 50 47.0 40 42.5 41.5 41.4 38.2 37.9 33.8 34.2 30.5 30 31.3 28.4 29.4 25.6 26.6 23.6 24.2 20 22.3 20.3 10 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics In 2016 Georgia tied for 17th in the nation for the rate of teen births per 1 000 females aged 15-19 years. Georgia s teen birth rate is consistently higher than the national rate. In 2016 Georgia s rate was 23.6 compared to the national rate of 20.3. The teen birth rate steadily declined both nationally and in Georgia between 2007 and 2016. Children born to teen mothers are more likely to have increased health and behavioral problems as well as poor school performance (Child Trends 2012). Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 57 Birth Statistics Percentage of Babies Born with Low Birth Weight United States and Georgia 2008 - 2016 10.5% 10.0% 9.5% 9.6% 9.5% 9.8% 9.4% 9.4% 9.5% 9.5% 9.5% 9.8% Percentage of Births 9.0% 8.5% 8.2% 8.2% 8.2% 8.2% 8.1% 8.1% 8% 8% 8% 8.0% 7.5% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics Low birth weight babies weigh less than 5 pounds 8 ounces and very low birth weight infants weigh less than 3 pounds 5 ounces. In 2016 the leading cause of death among infants was birth defects followed by low birth weight and preterm birth. Babies born at low birth weight face an increased risk of physical and developmental health problems. Between 2008 and 2016 Georgia s low birth weight rate fluctuated between 9.4% and 9.8%. During that time the state s rate remained above the national rate. The following counties in Georgia had the highest percentage of babies born with low birth weight in 2016 Dooly (19.5%) Clay (18.9%) Macon (18.9%) Miller (18.5%) Stewart (18.2%) and Talbot (17.8%). Counties with the lowest rates were Oconee (3.7%) Oglethorpe (4.5%) Atkinson (5.0%) Gilmer (5.3%) Pike (5.3%) and Rabun (5.9%). In 2011 Georgia implemented a Planning for Healthy Babies Medicaid waiver which is intended to improve birth outcomes. Educating expectant mothers about smoking cessation during pregnancy prenatal care health nutrition and appropriate weight gain can help deter low birth weight. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 58 Diseases Prevalence of Obesity Among Adults United States and Georgia 2011 - 2016 32% 31.4% 31% 30.7% 30.5% 30.3% 30% 29.8% 29.9% 29.1% 29.4% 29.6% 29% Percentage of Adults 28.1% 28% 27.8% 27% 2011 27.6% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Prevalence and Trends Data The Department of Public Health (DPH) defines obesity as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30.0 or greater. Being overweight is characterized as having a BMI of 25.0 to 29.9. Many factors including poor diet and physical inactivity have contributed to the rise in both adult and youth obesity. Between 2011 and 2016 the percentage of Georgia s adults who were obese increased by 11.7% from 28.1% to 31.4%. The percentage of obese adults in Georgia continues to remain above the national average. In 2016 31.4% of adults in Georgia were obese compared to the national average of 29.9%. Obesity increases the risk of many diseases and health conditions including hypertension type 2 diabetes coronary heart disease stroke osteoarthritis dyslipidemia and some cancers. In 2016 Georgia ranked 20th (tied with Alaska) in the nation for the prevalence of obesity among adults. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 59 Diseases Percentage of Audlts Percentage of Adults Who Are Current Smokers United States and Georgia 2005 - 2016 23% 22.1% 22% 21.2% 21% 20.6% 20.1% 20% 19.8% 19.5% 19.9% 19% 19.4% 20.4% 19.6% 19% 18.8% 18.1% 18% 18.4% 17.9% 17.9% 17.7% 17.6% 17.7% 17.4% 17.5% 17% 17.3% 17.1% 16% 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System Prevalence and Trends Data Approximately 1.35 million adults in Georgia smoke cigarettes. The percentages of smokers have fluctuated over the past decade. Georgia s percentages ranged from a high of 21.2% in 2011 to a low of 17.4% in 2014. The national percentages ranged from a high of 22.1% in 2005 to a low of 17.1% in 2016. DPH estimates that smoking accounts for $1.8 billion in yearly healthcare costs in Georgia. Adult smokers lose an average of 17.6 years of life compared to adult non-smokers and 1 out of 6 Georgians die annually from smoking-related illnesses. Tobacco use during pregnancy can cause premature births sudden infant death stillbirths fetal brain changes and nervous system development issues. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 60 Diseases Percentage of Adults Diagnosed with Diabetes United States and Georgia 2006 - 2015 13% Percentage of Adults 12% 11.5% 11.3% 11% 10.8% 10.1% 10.1% 9.9% 9.9% 10% 9.6% 9.7% 10% 10% 9.1% 9.5% 9.7% 9.8% 9% 8.8% 8.7% 8% 8.3% 8.4% 7.5% 7% 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 United States Georgia Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention United States Diabetes Surveillance System Diabetes is a disease with serious complications and can lead to premature death however those living with the disease can control the disease and reduce its negative impacts through proper nutrition regular physical activity and well-managed treatment plans. It is also the leading cause of blindness and kidney failure. In 2015 11.3% of Georgia adults were diabetic compared to 10.0% nationwide. From 2006 to 2015 the percentage of adult Georgians with diabetes increased from 7.5% to 11.3%. The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey estimates the national expenditures for the treatment of diabetes exceeded $91.3 billion in 2014 15.8% of the cost was paid for by Medicaid. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 61 Diseases Five year Age-Adjusted Major Cardiovascular Disease Death Rate Georgia 2012-2016 Source Georgia Department of Public Health Cardiovascular disease includes all diseases of the heart and blood vessels including ischemic heart disease stroke congestive heart failure hypertensive disease and atherosclerosis. Like diabetes cardiovascular disease can be moderated by living a healthier life and understanding what risk factors influence an individual s likelihood of developing the disease. In 2016 29.8% of deaths (24 241) were caused by a major cardiovascular disease in 2016. From 2012 to 2016 the three counties with the highest rates of cardiovascular deaths were Jeff Davis at 439.3 Clinch at 375.2 and Macon at 370.2. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 62 Diseases Percentage of Women Aged 40 and Older Who Have Had a Mammogram Within the Past 2 Years United States and Georgia 2006 - 2016 80% 79% 78.6% 78.9% Percentage of Women Aged 40 78% 77% 76.5% 76% 75% 74% 73% 72% 2006 76% 2008 77.2% 76% 75.2% 74% 2010 2012 75.5% 73% 2014 73.9% 72.5% 2016 United States Georgia Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System Prevalence and Trends Data Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and one of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women of all races. Mammograms screen for breast cancer and allow for early detection. It is estimated that such screenings increase the breast cancer survival rate by approximately 20%. Mammograms are recommended annually for women ages 45-54 and biennially for women ages 55 and older. The percentage of women 40 years and older who have had a mammogram in the previous two years in Georgia declined between 2006 and 2016 from 78.6% to 73.9%. However in 2016 Georgia women were screened at a slightly higher rate (73.9%) compared to the nation as a whole (72.5%). Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 63 Diseases Percentage of Women 18 and Older Who Have Had a Pap Test Within the Past 3 Years United States and Georgia 2006 - 2016 90% 88% 87.4% 86% 87.6% 86.6% Percentage of Women Aged 18 84% 84.0% 82% 80% 78% 76% 74% 2006 82.9% 2008 81.3% 2010 80.5% 79.2% 78.0% 2012 75.2% 2014 79.8% 78.8% 2016* United States Georgia * Percentage of Women 21 and Older Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Prevalence and Trends Pap tests primarily detect cervical cancer and like mammograms early detection improves survival rates. Nationwide in 2014 75.2% of women 18 years and older had a Pap test within the last three years. Georgia ranked 6th among the 50 states with respect to the percentage of women having a Pap test within three years in 2014 (79.2%). Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 64 Diseases Percentage of Adults Screened Percentage of Adults 50 Years and Older Who Have Had a Sigmoidoscopy or Colonoscopy United States and Georgia 2006 2016 72% 69.8% 70% 69.4% 68% 67.7% 69.3% 66% 67.3% 65.6% 65.2% 64% 62.2% 62% 60% 61% 58% 57% 56% 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016* United States Georgia * In 2016 the data criteria changed for percentage of adults who have a had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Prevalence and Trends In Georgia cancer is the second leading cause of all deaths heart disease is the leading cause. Colorectal cancer screenings are recommended for both men and women over the age of 50. Colon cancer is detected through colonoscopy flexible sigmoidoscopy and fecal occult blood test. Polyps in the colon detected by these tests can be removed which prevents the onset of cancer or allow for earlier aggressive treatment. In men colorectal cancer is the third most common type of cancer death after lung and prostate cancers. Between 2006 and 2016 the percentage of adults 50 years and older who had a sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy in Georgia increased from 57.0% to 61.0% and nationally from 57.1% to 65.6%. Among cancers that affect men and women colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States (CDC). Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 65 Diseases Rate Per 100 000 Population Cancer Mortality Age-Adjusted Rate Per 100 000 United States and Georgia 2006 - 2014 190 184.9 186.1 185 180 182 179.3 176.3 176.3 175 175.7 173.9 173.4 171.0 169.6 170 171.7 168.3 168.7 166.2 165 166.3 163.1 160 161.3 155 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 United States Georgia Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Health Statistics CDC WONDER Cancer mortality rates in Georgia mostly declined between 2006 and 2014 from 184.9 to 166.2 per 100 000 residents. Men in Georgia have a higher cancer mortality rate population (205.9 per 100 000) than women (138.5 per 100 000). Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among Georgians (45.4 per 100 000 population) followed by female breast cancer (22.6 per 100 000) and male prostate cancer (22.1 per 100 000). The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey estimates the medical expenses for cancer nationwide in 2014 at $87.8 billion. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 66 Diseases HIV/AIDS Mortality Age-Adjusted Rate Per 100 000 United States and Georgia 2006 - 2016 8 7.2 7.3 7 Rate per 100 000 Population 6 5.6 5.3 5.0 5 4.4 4.2 4 4.0 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.6 3.2 3 3.3 3.0 2.6 2 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Health Statistics CDC WONDER The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects the immune system and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the advanced stage of HIV. In 2015 there were 25 843 known Georgians living with AIDS. Of individuals with AIDS 75% were male and 25% were female. The majority of people living with the disease were between the ages of 45-54. The age-adjusted mortality rates for individuals with HIV/AIDS has declined during the last decade nationally and in Georgia. In Georgia the rate declined from 7.2 to 3.2 per 100 000 residents and nationally the rate declined from 4.0 to 1.8 per 100 000. Effective drug treatments and therapies are prolonging the lives of those living with AIDS. Early screening helps detect HIV earlier can prevent the transmission of HIV and allows for the initiation of treatment to slow the onset of AIDS. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 67 Diseases Rate per 100 000 Residents Pneumonia Mortality Age-Adjusted Rate Per 100 000 United States and Georgia 2006 - 2016 21 20 19.5 19.3 19 18.4 18.6 17.9 18 17.3 17 17.5 17.1 16.7 16 16.0 16.1 15 15.6 15.3 15.1 14.9 14.9 14.9 14 13.8 14.2 13.8 13.8 13 12.8 12 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics CDC WONDER Pneumonia-related deaths most often occur among the elderly population the very young (under the age of 2 years) or in patients with diseases that weaken the immune system such as AIDS. Between 2006 and 2016 the age-adjusted pneumonia death rate per 100 000 residents in Georgia declined 29.2% from 19.5 to 13.8. Nationally the percentage of pneumonia deaths declined 26.9% from 17.5 to 12.8. Between 2012 and 2016 5 896 Georgia residents aged 60 and older died of pneumonia. The highest death rates for this condition were recorded in Stewart Clinch Upson Miller and Spalding counties. Flu and pneumonia together are the 8th leading cause of death in the United States. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 68 Trauma Network Georgia Designated Trauma Centers 2017 Source Department of Public Health Office of EMS and Trauma Georgia Trauma Foundation Trauma continues to be a public health concern resulting in national expenditures of over $400 billion to cover costs associated with trauma care. The Georgia Trauma Care Network Commission uses super speeder fines to maintain a trauma center network coordinate the efficient use of existing trauma center facilities and direct patients to the best available facility for treatment of traumatic injury. From 2008 through 2017 the number of designated trauma centers across the state of Georgia grew from 13 to 29 and the number of designated Level I trauma centers increased from four to six to include a specialty pediatric Level I trauma center located at Children s Healthcare of Atlanta- Egleston hospital. A Level I trauma facility is the highest level of trauma center designation and offers the most comprehensive trauma care from prevention through rehabilitation. Level I facilities also have the major responsibility of leading trauma education research and planning. Healthy Georgia Georgia in Perspective 69 Developing life college and work-ready students Contents Educational Attainment 71 National Assessments 75 Graduation 83 SAT/ACT Scores 85 Special Education 87 Teacher Salaries 88 Technical Colleges 90 Universities 96 Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 70 Educational Attainment Attainment of High School Diploma of Population 25 Years and Older United States and Georgia 1970 - 2016 100% 75% 66.3% 77.6% 84.1% 85.6% 84.3% 87.0% 85.8% 80.0% 70.9% 52.3% 50% 40.6% 56.5% 25% Percentage of Population 25 Years 0% 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2016 United States Georgia Source U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey The percentage of Georgians 25 years and older who have completed high school has increased significantly from 40.6% in the 1970s to 85.8% in 2016. Georgia lagged behind the nation as a whole with respect to high school completion by the age of 25 years. During the 1970s and 1980s the discrepancy was at least 10%. Since the 1990s however the gap has gradually decreased. Georgia invests a significant portion of the state s annual budget in educating its citizens. Education represents more than half of the state s total budget. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 71 Educational Attainment Percentage of Population 25 Years Attainment of College Degree of Population 25 Years and Older United States and Georgia 1970 - 2016 35% 30.3% 30% 28.2% 29.4% 27.3% 25.6% 25% 23.1% 21.3% 20% 19.3% 16.3% 15.8% 15% 10.7% 10% 9.2% 5% 0% 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2016 United States Georgia Source U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey Education is a crucial element in sustaining and growing the economy of the state. Georgia has made significant investments in education and training in strategic industries and high demand professions such as health professions with service cancelable loans and other incentive programs. The proportion of Georgians 25 years and older completing college tripled between 1970 and 2016 from 9.2% to 29.4%. The percentage of adult Georgians completing a college education has remained close to the national average. Georgia was the first state in the nation to have a completion plan for every public higher education institution. The plans detailed how the University System of Georgia and the Technical College System of Georgia will attain the state s goal of adding 250 000 postsecondary graduates to Georgia s rolls by 2020. 72 Educational Attainment Median Earnings by Education Attainment Population 25 Years and Older United States and Georgia 2016 Less than high school graduate High school graduate Some college or associates degree Bachelor s degree Graduate or professional degree $20 924 $20 339 $28 672 $26 716 $34 412 $31 892 $51 094 $50 340 $67 832 $61 703 $0 $10 000 $20 000 $30 000 $40 000 $50 000 $60 000 $70 000 Median Earnings United States Georgia Source U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey Education is a key to earnings with median income increasing with each level of education completed. A college graduate with a bachelor s degree in Georgia earns on average $23 624 more per year compared to a high school graduate. Earnings for Georgia s college graduates ($50 340) are comparable to the national average ($51 094). However earnings for Georgia s adults completing a graduate or professional degree ($61 703) are significantly lower than the national average ($67 832). In 2011 the national average was 5.6% higher than Georgia s average. In 2016 the national average was 9.9% higher. Median earnings for adults with less than a high school education have increased over the last 5 years. Between 2011 and 2016 these earnings in Georgia increased 17.4% from $17 318 to $20 339. Median earnings for Georgia s college graduates increased 4.0% between 2011 and 2016 and increased by 1.3% for adults completing a graduate or professional degree. 73 Educational Attainment Unemployment Rate by Educational Attainment for Population 25 to 64 Years United States and Georgia 2016 20% Percentage of Population 25 to 64 years 15% 9.9% 10% 8.7% 5% 6.3% 6.0% 4.7% 5.1% 2.7% 2.7% 0% Less than high school graduate High school graduate Some college or associate s degree Bachelor s degree or higher United States Georgia Source U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey Education prepares adults for labor force participation. The American Community Survey data confirms that the higher the level of education the more employable an adult becomes. Less educated working age adults between the ages of 25 to 64 years are more likely to be unemployed compared to college graduates. 1 out of 10 adults in Georgia and 1 out of 9 adults nationwide who had not completed high school were unemployed in 2016. In Georgia unemployment rates are lower for high school graduates (6.0%) and adults completing some college (5.1%) compared to high school drop outs (9.9%). Adults with a college degree or higher are most likely to be employed only 1 out of 37 adults with college degrees were unemployed both nationally and in Georgia in 2016. 74 National Assessments Number of Students 84 000 82 000 80 000 Pre-K Enrollment Georgia Fall 2005 - Fall 2016 82 608 82 868 81 683 81 453 80 825 80 874 80 430 78 000 78 129 76 000 74 000 76 491 75 299 72 943 72 902 72 000 70 000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source Georgia Department of Early Care and Learning Georgia was the first state to establish a universal Pre-Kindergarten (Pre-K) program for four year olds which is supported with lottery funds. The Georgia Pre-K program is available in public schools Head Start agencies private child care centers faith-based organizations military facilities and state colleges and universities. Since 2010 Pre-K enrollment in Georgia has fluctuated with a high of 82 868 in 2011 and a low of 80 430 in 2014. As of December 2017 the Georgia Department of Early Care and Learning estimates that Georgia s Pre-K program served 57.8% of the 4-year-old population in Georgia. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 75 National Assessments Number of Students K-12 Public School Enrollment Georgia Fall 2007 - Fall 2017 1 740 000 1 720 000 1 700 000 1 720 916 1 716 785 1 709 869 1 697 879 1 680 000 1 678 012 1 660 000 1 657 506 1 640 000 1 620 000 1 600 000 1 639 077 1 633 596 1 625 745 1 615 066 1 609 681 1 580 000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source Georgia Department of Education Georgia s 181 public school districts enrolled more than 1.7 million K-12 students in Fall 2017. Between Fall 2007 and Fall 2017 K-12 public school enrollment increased by about 111 000 a 6.9% increase. Approximately 1 out of 14 public school students are kindergarten students (7.3%) 2 out of 5 attend elementary school (39.0%) 1 out of 4 are middle school students (23.3%) and approximately 1 out of 3 attend high school (30.3%). Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 76 National Assessments Percentage of Public School Students by Race/Ethnicity Georgia Fall 2008 - Fall 2017 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 0% 37.7% 10.0% 6.6% 37.4% 11.3% 6.3% 37.0% 11.9% 6.6% 37.0% 12.2% 6.7% 36.9% 12.7% 6.8% 36.9% 14.0% 7.3% 36.9% 14.6% 7.5% 36.8% 15.2% 7.8% 36.7% 15.6% 8.1% 45.7% 45.0% 44.5% 44.1% 43.6% 41.8% 41.0% 40.2% 39.6% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Percentage of Students Black Hispanic Other White Source Georgia Department of Education Georgia s public school population has become increasingly diverse. In Fall 2017 60.4% of students were racial or ethnic minorities compared to 54.3% in Fall 2008. Between Fall 2008 and Fall 2017 the Hispanic public school student population increased at the fastest pace from 10.0% to 15.6%. The percentage of Black students enrolled in Georgia s public schools has decreased slightly from 37.7% to 36.7% during the last deacade. The Other population includes Asian American Indian Pacific Islander and multi- racial students. Between Fall 2008 and Fall 2017 this population of students increased slightly from 6.6% to 8.1%. Georgia s White public school student population decreased between Fall 2008 and Fall 2017 from 45.7% to 39.6%. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 77 National Assessments Home Study and Private School Enrollment Georgia FY 2011 - FY 2018 120 000 100 000 107 509 108 565 108 676 101 211 103 428 103 250 101 814 99 989 Number of Students 80 000 60 000 40 000 42 474 40 979 62 594 59 921 61 658 64 799 66 149 20 000 18 085 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Home Study Private School Source Georgia Department of Education One out of 11 of Georgia s children attend a private school or are home schooled. The number of Georgia students home schooled or attending private schools increased 10.8% between FY 2011 and FY 2018. The number of Georgia students home schooled increased 56% between FY 2011 and FY 2018 from 42 474 to 66 149. Private school enrollment in Georgia decreased by 7.0% between FY 2011 and FY 2018 from 107 509 to 99 989. About 50% more Georgia students attend private school than are home schooled. Note Home School Reporting transitioned to the Georgia Department of Education during the 2013 school year. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 78 National Assessments Fourth Grade NAEP Math Scores United States and Georgia 2005 - 2015 244 NAEP Scores 242 241 240 240 240 240 239 239 238 238 237 236 236 236 235 234 234 232 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 United States Georgia Source National Center on Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress Nation s Report Card The No Child Left Behind Act required states to participate in the biennial National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) tests for 4th and 8th grade reading and mathematics in order to provide a national comparison of student academic progress. The National Center for Education Statistics administers NAEP to elementary and secondary students in various subjects. Three of the 10 total subject areas are reported at the state level including mathematics. Both private and public school children are assessed but only public school data is available for state comparisons. Fourth grade math scores in Georgia have steadily increased between 2005 and 2013 from 234 to 240. However between 2013 and 2015 the 4th grade average math score decreased by four points from 240 to 236. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 79 National Assessments Fourth Grade NAEP Reading Scores United States and Georgia 2005 - 2015 224 222 220 218 217 220 219 220 218 221 220 222 221 222 221 216 214 214 NAEP Scores 212 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 United States Georgia Source National Center on Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress Nation s Report Card NAEP measures 4th grade student reading performance. Students respond to questions that assess comprehension of literary and informational text. In 2011 2013 and 2015 Georgia exceeded the national average in 4th grade student reading performance. Since 2005 reading scores for 4th graders have increased 4% from 214 to 222. In 2015 1 out of 3 (32%) of Georgia s 4th grade students were reading below basic level and 2 out of 3 (68%) were reading at or above basic level. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 80 National Assessments Eighth Grade NAEP Mathematics Scores United States and Georgia 2005 - 2015 286 284 284 283 282 282 281 280 280 279 279 278 278 278 278 NAEP Scores 276 275 274 272 272 270 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 United States Georgia Source National Center on Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress Nation s Report Card Eighth grade mathematics scores in Georgia have continuously improved over the past decade. In 2015 8th grade students in Georgia scored 7 points higher in mathematics compared to the 2005 NAEP scores. Eighth grade mathematics students in Georgia lag behind the national average by 2 points with a score of 279. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 81 National Assessments Eighth Grade NAEP Reading Scores United States and Georgia 2005 - 2015 268 266 266 265 264 264 264 NAEP Scores 262 262 262 262 261 260 260 260 259 258 257 256 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 United States Georgia Source National Center on Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress Nation s Report Card Eighth grade reading scores in Georgia have steadily increased between 2005 and 2013 from 257 to 265. However between 2013 and 2015 the 8th grade average reading score decreased by three points from 265 to 262. On average 8th grade reading scores in Georgia have lagged by two points behind national reading scores. In 2013 8th grade students scored only one point below the national average in reading. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 82 Graduation Public High School Graduation Rate Southeast States 2016 100% 90% 87.1% 80% 80.7% 79.4% 85.9% 82.6% 88.5% Graduation Rate 70% 60% 50% Alabama Florida Georgia North Carolina South Carolina Tennessee Source Georgia Department of Education National Center for Education Statistics In 2012 the U.S. Department of Education published graduation rates based on the 2008 formula meeting federal education regulations that permits uniformity across states. The formula tracks the percentage of 9th grade students who graduate within 4 years. Nationally Georgia ranks 44th in high school graduation among all states. Among the southeastern states graduation rates in 2016 ranged from a low of 79.4% in Georgia to a high of 88.5% in Tennessee. Other Statistical Data In Georgia Asian/Pacific Islander and White students have the highest graduation rates at 87.8% and 83.1% respectively. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 83 Graduation Total Dropout Rate in Grades 9-12 Georgia FY 2008 - FY 2017 4.0% Dropout Rate 3.9% 3.8% 3.8% 3.8% 3.8% 3.8% 3.7% 3.7% 3.7% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.6% 3.5% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source Georgia Governor s Office of Student Achievement The dropout rate calculation is the number of students with a withdrawal code corresponding to a dropout divided by the number of students that attended the school. Georgia s dropout rate has remained relatively stable during the last decade. It has fluctuated between 3.6% to 3.8%. The National Dropout Prevention Center has identified best practices for reducing the number of students dropping out of school. These best practices include use of incentives and sanctions family involvement and creation of a supportive environment for students. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 84 SAT/ACT Scores Combined Score Combined SAT Scores in Mathematics Critical Reading and Writing United States and Georgia FY 2010 - FY 2017 1 520 1 510 1 506 1 500 1 490 1 480 1 500 1 498 1 498 1 498 1 497 1 490 1 484 1 470 1 460 1 450 1 440 1 453 1 445 1 452 1 452 1 452 1 445 1 450 1 459 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 United States Georgia Source The College Board The SAT Reasoning Test is a standardized test used by most colleges to determine admittance along with other deciding factors including coursework grades letters of recommendations and other criteria. The new SAT was introduced in March 2016. Students taking the new SAT are tested in mathematics and evidence-based reading and writing for a composite score of 1 600. In Georgia the graduating class of 2017 had a mean score of 535 in evidence-based reading and writing and 515 in mathematics. In 2017 63 805 of Georgia s high school seniors took the new SAT Test. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 85 SAT/ACT Scores Composite ACT Scores United States and Georgia FY 2010 - FY 2016 21.4 Score 21.2 21.1 21.1 21.0 21.0 21.0 21.0 20.9 20.8 20.7 20.7 20.7 20.8 20.8 20.6 20.6 20.5 20.4 20.3 20.2 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source The College Board The Governor s Office of Student Achievement The ACT is a standardized test that colleges use comparably to the SAT to determine admittance. The ACT assesses students general educational development and ability to complete college-level work. The ACT tests four subjects which include English reading mathematics and science. Each section is worth a maximum of 36 points and the total score or composite score is the average of all four sections. In FY 2016 39 416 of Georgia s graduating seniors took the ACT representing 39% of all graduates. Between FY 2010 and FY 2016 the average composite ACT score for Georgia has fluctuated slightly with a high of 20.9 in FY 2013 and a low of 20.3 in FY 2016. Average ACT scores among Georgia s students were slightly below the national average of 20.8 in FY 2016. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 86 Special Education Percentage of Students in Special Education Georgia School Districts FY 2018 The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) assures access to quality education for children with disabilities. In Georgia 1 in 8 public school children received special education services. Nationally during the 2015-2016 school year 6.7 million children and youth (13% of public school students) received special education services according to the National Center for Education Statistics. Three state schools serve visually impaired and deaf and hard-of-hearing students the Georgia Academy for the Blind in Macon Bibb County the Georgia School for the Deaf in Cave Spring Floyd County and the Atlanta Area School for the Deaf in Clarkston DeKalb County. Among Georgia s school systems in FY 2018 the percentage of students served in special education ranges from 7.3% (Chickamauga City) and 7.4% (Echols County) to 19.2% (Baker County) and 19.3% (Meriwether County). Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 87 Teacher Salaries $60 000 $58 000 Average Public School Teacher Salaries United States and Southeastern States FY 2016 $58 353 $56 000 $54 000 $54 190 Average Salary $52 000 $50 000 $48 000 $49 199 $48 769 $48 518 $48 217 $47 941 $46 000 United States Georgia Florida South Carolina Alabama Tennessee North Carolina Source National Education Association The average public school teacher salary in Georgia was $54 190 during the 2015-2016 school year while the national average was $58 353. Georgia is competitive among the six southeastern states with respect to public school teacher salaries. Georgia s average teacher salary is almost $5 000 higher compared to Florida which recorded the second highest salary in the region. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 88 Teacher Salaries Average Salaries of Full-Time Faculty at Public Two-Year and Four-Year Colleges Southeastern States FY 2016 $100 000 $90 000 $80 000 $70 000 $85 768 $78 208 $75 538 $79 243 $80 710 $70 945 Average Salary $60 000 $56 812 $50 000 $40 000 $51 341 $50 503 $48 674 $47 362 $42 461 $30 000 Florida Alabama Tennessee South Carolina North Carolina Georgia Average Salary Two-Year School Average Salary Four-Year School Source Southern Regional Education Board Average salaries for full-time faculty at public two-year colleges among the southeastern states ranges from $56 812 in Florida to $42 461 in Georgia. Between FY 2011 and FY 2016 the average salary for faculty at Georgia s two-year colleges dropped 11.5% from $47 972 to $42 461. Georgia s public two-year college faculty members are paid $14 300 less than their peers in Florida and $4 900 less than faculty in North Carolina. Average salaries for full-time faculty at public four-year colleges in the southeast range from a high of $85 768 in Florida to a low of $70 945 in Georgia. Between FY 2011 and FY 2016 the average salary for faculty at Georgia s four-year colleges and universities dropped 2.5% from $72 774 to $70 945. Georgia s public four-year college and university faculty members are paid $14 800 less than their peers in Florida and $4 500 less than faculty in Tennessee. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 89 Technical Colleges Source Technical College System of Georgia Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 90 Technical Colleges Technical College System of Georgia Total Credit Enrollment Academic Year (AY) 2006 - AY 2017 210 000 200 000 190 000 197 059 195 366 Number of Students 180 000 170 000 160 000 150 000 152 037 148 213 163 655 152 911 140 000 130 000 170 860 151 150 143 658 135 786 133 455 134 630 120 000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source Technical College System of Georgia Office of Data Planning and Research (DPR) Scorecard The Technical College System of Georgia (TCSG) provides student-centered high quality and affordable technical academic adult education and training. This system contributes to building literate and economically strong communities and businesses in Georgia. Georgia s Technical College System students may enroll in programs that lead to an associate degree a diploma or a technical certificate. Between AY 2010 and AY 2016 TCSG enrollment declined by 32.3% from 197 059 to 133 455. Between AY 2016 and AY 2017 the enrollment increased by 0.9% from 133 455 to 134 630. Note Student enrollment includes students enrolled in technical education programs at some University System of Georgia two-year colleges. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 91 Technical Colleges Employment of Technical College Award Recipients AY 2005 - AY 2016 50 000 Number of Students 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 37 576 33 455 29 581 29 360 27 222 24 870 25 287 20 998 21 205 22 681 21 665 22 896 20 414 19 076 16 581 17 655 15 169 14 164 14 167 12 805 11 333 10 685 11 386 11 736 3 758 4 173 4 589 5 127 6 127 7 469 8 182 6 868 5 878 6 404 6 273 7 397 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Employed In Field or Related Field Continuing Education Employed Out of Field Source Technical College System of Georgia In 2016 more than 1 out of 3 Technical College System students continued their education following completion of a course of study. Almost two-thirds (65%) of Technical College System award recipients were employed in the field or a related field in 2016. 1 out of 8 (13%) Technical College System award recipients were employed out of their field in 2016. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 92 Technical Colleges 36 000 Number of Adult Basic Education Program Graduates Georgia AY 2008 - AY 2017 34 000 33 123 32 000 30 000 30 808 Number of Students 28 000 26 000 24 000 22 000 26 445 26 430 24 721 22 661 23 001 23 059 22 950 22 186 20 000 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source Technical College System of Georgia The Technical College System of Georgia oversees the state s adult education efforts. Adult education provides adult learners with the opportunity to study for and earn a General Educational Development (GED) diploma. Students completing a GED are able to attend college or enter the labor force. The curriculum for adult basic education focuses on reading writing and math skills. The Adult Basic Education program is designed to provide special attention to adults returning to school to resume educational programs which were interrupted in earlier years. The goal of the program is a fully literate Georgia. The number of Adult Basic Education graduates has fluctuated over the past decade from a high of 33 123 in 2009 to a low of 22 186 in 2015. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 93 Technical Colleges Percent of Adult Education Students Who Met Intended Goal to Obtain a GED 2008 - 2017 95% 90% 88.1% 88.9% 87.6% 85% 83.9% Percentage of Students 80% 75% 72.0% 75.5% 70% 69.5% 66.6% 66.4% 65% 72.6% 60% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source Technical College System of Georgia In 2017 TCGS awarded 10 128 GED diplomas. The passage rate for Adult Basic Education students intending to obtain a GED has fluctuated over the past decade from a high of 88.9% in 2016 to a low of 66.4% in 2011. However the proportion of adult Georgians without a high school education declined from 21.4% in 2000 to 14.2% in 2016. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 94 Technical Colleges Earnings of Technical College HOPE Career Grant Graduates Before and After Graduation FY 2015 Graduates Automotive Aviation Certified Engineer Assistant Commercial Truck Driving Computer Programming Computer Technology Construction Diesel Equipment Technology Early Childhood Care and Education Electrical Line Worker Health Science Industrial Maintenance Logistics Movie Production Set Design Practical Nursing Precision Manufacturing Welding and Joining Technology 15 000 $23 120 $26 172 $23 906 $27 041 $26 812 $30 763 $28 602 $34 513 $27 621 $32 572 $27 950 $30 721 $29 143 $32 638 $24 318 $32 004 $19 900 $19 968 $26 467 $35 086 $21 499 $23 522 $32 866 $38 550 $32 748 $35 086 $19 294 $20 614 $20 602 $30 949 $31 293 $37 661 $24 358 $28 899 20 000 25 000 30 000 35 000 40 000 45 000 Pre-Graduation Average Salary (2014) Post-Graduation Average Salary (2016) Source Technical College System of Georgia The Technical College System of Georgia has developed educational programs to ensure Georgia businesses have a trained workforce in strategic industries. The customized training assists companies which are starting up or utilizing new technologies or business processes. In AY 2017 more than 30 000 students enrolled in HOPE Career Grant programs formerly referred to as Strategic Industries Workforce Development Grant programs. Students in Technical College programs increase their earnings following graduation. Students training for practical nursing increased their earnings by 50% after completing their studies. Students training for diesel equipment technology increased their earnings by 32%. Students training to be an electrical line worker increased their earnings by 33% after completing their studies. Students completing training for industrial maintenance earn the highest incomes following graduation ($38 550). Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 95 Universities USG Institution Map Source University System of Georgia Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 96 Universities Enrollment in the University System of Georgia Fall 2005 - Fall 2017 340 000 320 000 300 000 318 027 314 365 325 203 318 164 321 551 311 442 301 892 312 936 309 469 Number of Students 280 000 260 000 282 978 270 022 259 945 253 552 240 000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source University System of Georgia Board of Regents Research and Policy Analysis Georgia s public colleges and universities operate under the University System of Georgia (USG). The system consists of research universities comprehensive universities state universities state colleges. USG is responsible for providing higher education to Georgia residents in order to create a more educated Georgia through instruction research and public service. Enrollment in the University System of Georgia has steadily increased over the last five years. Between Fall 2005 and Fall 2017 the enrollment increased from 253 552 to 325 203 students which is about a 28% increase. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 97 Universities USG University and College Minority Enrollment by Race Fall 2007 - Fall 2017 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 0 24.0 24.7 26.3 27.0 28.1 27.5 27.7 27.7 27.6 27.2 26.7 3.3 6.2 2.5 0.3 3.5 6.3 2.4 0.3 4.2 6.4 1.7 0.3 4.7 6.5 2.0 0.3 5.2 6.5 2.3 0.3 5.7 7.1 5.4 0.2 6.2 7.4 4.8 0.2 6.8 7.8 5.0 0.2 7.3 8.1 5.2 0.2 7.8 8.5 5.4 0.2 8.4 9.0 5.5 0.2 10 20 30 40 50 60 Percentage of Students Black Multiracial Hispanic Native American Asian/Pacific Islander Source University System of Georgia Board of Regents Research and Policy Analysis The number of minority students attending USG colleges and universities increased by 12% between 2012 and 2017 from 144 450 to 162 089. Minority enrollment increased from 45.9% to 49.8% of total students between 2012 and 2017. The growth in Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander and Multiracial students has caused the percentage of Black students to decline from 27.5% in 2012 to 26.7% in 2017. The percentage of Asian/Pacific Islander students enrolled in the USG system increased from 7.1% in 2012 to 9.0% in 2017. In 2012 Hispanics represented 5.7% of students enrolled in the USG system. This percentage increased to 8.4% in 2017. Other Statistical Data Females comprised more than half (56.0%) of the student population enrolled in the University System of Georgia in Fall 2017. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 98 Universities University System of Georgia International Student Enrollment Fall 2017 South Asia 18.3% Middle East & North Africa 4.8% Africa 12.9% Europe Central Asia & Canada 13.0% South/Latin America & Caribbean 18.4% East Asia & the Pacific 32.6% Source University System of Georgia Board of Regents Research and Policy Analysis The University System of Georgia attracts students from around the globe. In Fall 2017 international students comprised 7.9% of students in the University System of Georgia. This is 25 588 of more than 325 000 students. About 1 out of 3 international students (32.6%) are from the East Asia and Pacific region. About one-fifth of international students are from South/Latin America and the Caribbean and an additional one-fifth are from South Asia. The number of non-citizen students enrolled in the University System of Georgia increased by 655 students (2.6%) between Fall 2016 and Fall 2017. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 99 Universities USG First-Year Retention Rates Fall to Fall for First Year Freshmen Fall 2007 - Fall 2017 85% 81.7% 81.7% 81.7% 81.2% 80% 79.2% 78.9% 78.9% 78.8% 77.0% 76.6% 76.1% 75.3% 76.1% 76.0% 75.8% 75% 73.5% 73.2% 73.0% 73.0% 71.2% 70.6% 70.1% 70% Percentage of Students 65% 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Institute-Specific Rate System-Wide Rate Source University System of Georgia Board of Regents Four out of five students entering a University System of Georgia college or university return the following fall. First-year retention rates for university students in Georgia have mostly increased between Fall 2011 to Fall 2017. For the Fall 2016 Cohort the retention rate was 75.8% for degree seeking full-time freshmen who entered a USG institution and returned to the same institution the following year. The retention rate for incoming freshmen returning to any USG institution was 81.7% in Fall 2017. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 100 Universities Six-Year Graduation Rates for Freshman Attending Four-Year Institutions Fall 2008 - Fall 2017 64% Percentage of Students 62% 60% 58% 56% 56.8% 59.0% 59.2% 59.5% 60.5% 61.4% 60.4% 59.4% 58.7% 58.0% 54% 52% 50% 49.5% 51.8% 51.7% 52.0% 52.9% 53.5% 52.6% 51.0% 49.8% 49.9% 48% 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Percent Graduated from Initial Institution Percent Graduated from USG Source University System of Georgia Board of Regents The proportion of Georgia s university students completing their degree peaked in Fall 2013. Among first-time full-time bachelor s degree seeking undergraduates at four-year colleges who entered a University System of Georgia college or university in Fall 2011 49.9% graduated within six years from the same institution and 58.0% graduated from an institution within the system. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 101 Universities Research Expenditures for All USG Institutions FY 2012 - FY 2017 $1 500 $1 400 $1 388.07 Millions of Dollars $1 300 $1 200 $1 219.05 $1 169.27 $1 237.47 $1 100 $1 114.71 $1 055.61 $1 000 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source University System of Georgia Board of Regents There are four research universities within the University System of Georgia University of Georgia Augusta University Georgia State University and Georgia Institute of Technology. Between FY 2012 and FY 2017 USG s institutions used almost $7.2 billion dollars for research expenditures. Overall research expenditures increased by 31% between FY 2012 and FY 2017. In FY 2017 research funding increased by $150 million compared to the previous year. The research awards received by the USG institutions encompass a wide range of topics such as national security astronomy and advances in medicine. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 102 Universities University System of Georgia Research Expenses by Revenue Source FY 2017 Non-sponsored Research 42.8% Federal 42.0% Private 11.8% State & Local 3.4% Source University System of Georgia Board of Regents Research within the University System of Georgia spans many subject areas and is primarily concentrated in the four research universities. For FY 2017 97.6% of the research expenditures were made by the four research universities. Non-sponsored research accounted for 42.8% of USG s research expenses while the federal government funded 42.0% of USG s research expenses. State and local government provided funding for 3.4% of USG s research expenses. Private entities funded 11.8% of USG research expenses. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 103 Universities Percentage of Family Income Required for Annual Tuition United States and Southeast States FY 2015 and FY 2016 26% Percentage of Median Income 24% 23.1%23.2% 22% 21.5% 21.0% 20% 18.4% 18% 17.7% 16% 14.3%14.2% 14% 12% United StatesSouth Carolina Alabama Tennessee 13.8%14.0% 13.8% 13.4% 13.0% 13.0% Georgia FloridaNorth Carolina FY 2015 FY 2016 Source Southern Regional Education Board Median tuition and fees at Georgia s universities and colleges ($7 117) was more affordable than three other southeast region states in FY 2016. Such costs in Georgia are lower than South Carolina ($10 735) Alabama ($9 358) and Tennessee ($8 356). Tuition in Georgia as a percentage of median household income (14.0%) was very close to the national average (14.2%) in FY 2016. The percentage of family income required to pay college tuition and fees at Georgia s colleges and universities increased between FY 2009 and FY 2016 from 9.0% to 14.0%. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 104 Universities Number of Students Dollars in Millions HOPE Programs Students and Dollars FY 2013 - FY 2017 200 000 $660 195 000 190 000 193 594 190 703 $634.33 $612.28 $640 $620 $600 185 000 186 789 $573.95 $580 $560 180 000 175 000 170 000 $502.89 2013 $534.02 176 040 2014 2015 2016 174 415 2017 $540 $520 $500 $480 Students Dollars Source Georgia Student Finance Commission Scholarships and Grants database HOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally) Georgia s scholarship and grant program provides financial assistance at public and private colleges universities and public technical colleges. HOPE scholarships and grants are available to Georgia residents meeting certain academic requirements. The amount of the award is based upon a per hour rate at the institution the student attends. Between FY 2013 and FY 2017 the amount of money awarded for HOPE scholarships and grants increased by 26% from $503 million to $634 million while the number of students receiving HOPE scholarships and grants decreased by 10% from 193 594 to 174 415. Between 1993 and 2017 1 741 471 students received HOPE awards which include the HOPE Scholarship Zell Miller Scholarship HOPE Grant Zell Miller Grant HOPE Career Grant and HOPE GED Grant. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 105 Universities Disbursements of Georgia s HOPE Scholarships and Grants to Georgia s Educational Institutions 1993 - 2017 Private Colleges and Universities 9.8% Public Technical Colleges 20.7% Public Colleges and Universities 69.5% Source Georgia Student Finance Commission Scholarships and Grants database Between 1993 and 2017 the Georgia Lottery Corporation provided $9.4 billion to Georgia colleges and universities through the HOPE scholarships and grants program. Almost 7 out of 10 HOPE scholarships and grants have been disbursed to students attending University System of Georgia institutions. Approximately 21% of scholarships and grants were disbursed to Technical College System of Georgia institutions while the remaining 9.8% of scholarships went to students attending private colleges and universities. Educated Georgia Georgia in Perspective 106 Protecting Georgia s public safety and security Contents Criminal Investigations 108 Adult Corrections 110 Juvenile Crime and Justice 117 Reconvictions 121 Pardons and Paroles 123 Highway Safety 128 Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 107 Criminal Investigations Georgia Bureau of Investigation Number of Cases Initiated FY 2012 - FY 2017 5 000 4 000 Number of Cases 3 000 2 000 1 000 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Crimes Against Persons Crime Scene Specialists Technology Crimes Bomb Disposal Services Other Investigations Narcotics Property Crimes Assistance Rendered Polygraph and Background Exams Source Georgia Bureau of Investigation In FY 2017 the Georgia Bureau of Investigation s (GBI) Child Exploitation and Computer Crimes Unit (CEACCU) accounted for 30% of all cases opened (2 997). CEACCU support encompasses forensic and investigative components training and technical assistance victim services and prevention and community education. Between FY 2012 and FY 2017 GBI seized over $452 million of contraband. Examples of contraband are illegal narcotics currency weapons etc. GBI investigated 490 Officer Involved Use of Force cases between FY 2012 and FY 2017. GBI is requested to investigate these cases when an officer s use of force results in death or serious injury. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 108 Criminal Investigations GBI Investigative Hours Expended FY 2017 Other Investigations 21.9% Background Investigations 1.4% Polygraph 3.1% Bomb Disposal Services 3.4% Crime against Property 9.7% Crime Scence / Evidence Processing 12.8% Crimes against persons 34.1% Narcotics 13.6% Source Georgia Bureau of Investigation The GBI Investigative Division expended over 342 735 hours investigating crimes in FY 2017. Approximately 1 out of 3 of GBI investigative hours was spent on crimes against persons. The other investigations category includes such cases as public corruption technology assistance and civil security. Crime scenes evidence processing property crimes and bomb disposal accounted for about 1 out of 4 (25.9%) of GBI total investigative hours in FY 2017. A small portion of GBI s investigative hours in FY 2017 (3.1%) were spent on polygraphs. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 109 Adult Corrections Reported Offenses in the United States and Selected Southeastern States 2016 5 000 Rate per 100 000 Residents 4 000 3 000 2 000 2 451 3 005 2 948 2 687 2 738 3 244 2 854 1 000 397 0 United States 532 398 Georgia Alabama 633 430 372 502 FloridaNorth CarolinaSouth Carolina Tennessee Violent Crime Property Crime Source Federal Bureau of Investigation Georgia Bureau of Investigation Georgia s violent crime rate (398 per 100 000 residents) is near the national figure (397). Among selected southeastern states Georgia had the second lowest violent crime rate in 2016. North Carolina had the lowest rate in the region at 372 per 100 000 residents while Tennessee had the highest with 633. Georgia had the second highest property crime rate among the southeastern states at 3 005 per 100 000 residents. Florida ranked lowest in the region with a rate of 2 687 and South Carolina was highest at 3 244. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 110 Adult Corrections Violent Crime Rate United States and Georgia 2007 - 2016 550 500 493.2 478.9 Rate per 100 000 Residents 466.9 450 454.5 431.9 428 403.6 397.1 400 403.3 387.1 386.9 377.3 383.2 397.6 373.2 378.9 367.9 375.7 359.7 378.3 350 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source Federal Bureau of Investigation 2016 The Violent Crime Rate is composed of four offenses which are murder and non-negligent manslaughter rape robbery and aggravated assault. These offenses involve force or threat of force. In the nation in 2016 45.6% of violent crimes were cleared by arrest or exceptional means. Georgia s rate of reported violent crime was at or below the national average from 2009 to 2016. Georgia s violent crime rate continued its decline by 27.1% from 2007 through 2013. However the rate has followed the national trend and risen approximately 10.5% since 2013. In 2016 aggravated assault was the most frequently reported violent crime in Georgia with a rate of 230.4 per 100 000 residents. Robbery was second with a rate of 117.1 per 100 000 residents. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 111 Adult Corrections Rate per 100 000 Residents Property Crime Rate United States and Georgia 2007 - 2016 4 500 4 000 3 500 3 000 2 500 4 015.5 3 901 3 666.6 3 640.5 3 626.5 3 410.6 3 346.6 3 281.2 3 276.4 3 214.6 3 041.3 2 945.9 2 908.7 2 868.0 2 733.6 2 574.1 3 022.3 2 500.5 3 005.5 2 450.7 2 000 1 500 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source Federal Bureau of Investigation 2016 Overall property crime rates have declined both nationally and in Georgia over the past ten years. The property crime rate per 100 000 residents has declined by 22.9% in Georgia over the last 10 years. Nationally the 10-year trend showed that property crime offenses decreased 25.2% in 2016 when compared with the 2007 estimate. Georgia s property crime rate continues to exceed the national average despite an overall decline since 2000. In 2016 larceny-theft was the most frequently reported non-violent crime in Georgia with a rate of 2080.8 per 100 000 residents followed by burglary at 596.1 and motor vehicle theft at 255.7. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 112 Adult Corrections Cargo Theft Georgia and Comparative States 2016 1.0 0.84 0.8 0.59 0.6 0.49 0.44 0.4 0.38 0.39 0.28 0.2 Rate per 100 000 Residents 0.0 United States Georgia California Texas Florida New Jersey Illinois Source CargoNet 2017 Among the top six states for cargo theft in the United States Georgia dropped to the bottom position in 2016. In 2016 there were 0.38 cargo thefts per 100 000 residents reported in Georgia compared to the U.S. average of 0.28. Many states do not experience cargo theft which skews the national figure. The national average has maintained a steady decrease between 2012 and 2016 while Georgia showed a sharp decline after 2015. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 113 Adult Corrections Adult Prisoners by Crime Type FY 2017 Other 4.9% Habitual Traffic Violations/ DUI 0.2% Drug 11.3% Property 15.4% Violent 51.4% Sex Crime 16.8% Source Georgia Department of Corrections The Georgia Council on Criminal Justice Reform identified that nearly 60% of prison admissions in 2011 were property and drug offenders. Due to the success of criminal justice reform efforts only 28.1% of adult prisoners were property and drug offenders in FY 2017. Because the proportion of property and drug offenders has fallen the proportion of violent and sex crime offenders has grown to roughly 67% of adult prisoners in FY 2017. There were 54 847 adult offenders under the supervision of the Georgia Department of Corrections at the end of FY 2017. The average age of offenders at the end of FY 2017 was approximately 38 years. At the end of FY 2017 42.49% of adult offenders had at least a high school diploma or GED certificate. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 114 Adult Corrections Average Percentage of Time Served by Type of Crime Georgia FY 2013 - FY 2017* 55% Percentage of Sentences Served 45% 35% 25% 15% 2013 Violent Property 2014 Sex Offenses 2015 2016 Drug Sales 2017 Drug Possession *Data only includes new commitments. Source Georgia Department of Corrections The average percentage of time served by Georgia s inmates varies by type of crime committed. In FY 2017 violent offenders served the greatest percentage of their sentence (38.2%) followed by sex offenders (37.9%). Drug sales offenders typically serve the smallest percentage of their sentences. In FY 2017 they served 22.3% of their sentences on average. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 115 Prisoners per 100 000 Residents (All Ages) Adult Corrections Incarceration Rate United States and Georgia 2010-2016 600 563 558 561 560 547 550 540 542 532 517 512 504 500 501 506 506 504 500 492 480 479 471 450 459 450 400 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics Georgia s incarceration rate has remained above the national average since 2006. In 2016 the state s incarceration rate (512 prisoners per 100 000 residents) ranked 10th highest in the nation. Between 2006 and 2016 Georgia s incarceration rate decreased by 8.2% from 558 prisoners per 100 000 residents to 512 prisoners per 100 000 residents. Between 2006 and 2016 the national incarceration rate decreased by 10.2% from 501 prisoners per 100 000 residents to 450 prisoners per 100 000 residents. Georgia has reinvested money saved through criminal justice reform into accountability courts Residential Substance Abuse Treatment facilities and programs the reentry initiative and vocational and on-the-job training. As of June 2018 Georgia has 149 state-funded accountability courts. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 116 Juvenile Crime and Justice 65 000 Number of Juvenile Arrests Georgia 2006-2017 Number of Juveniles 60 000 57 797 55 000 50 000 54 932 51 188 50 718 47 022 48 449 45 000 40 000 35 000 42 480 43 297 41 465 36 710 34 256 33 002 30 000 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source Georgia Bureau of Investigation Between 2006 and 2017 the number of juvenile arrests declined by 35.5% from 51 188 to 33 002. Juveniles were most frequently arrested in 2017 for larceny (17%) other assaults (16%) and drugs (10%). Among the drug arrests in 2017 529 arrests involved sales or manufacture of drugs and 2 438 arrests were possession charges. Disorderly conduct accounted for 8% of arrests among juveniles in 2017. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 117 Juvenile Crime and Justice Department of Juvenile Justice Admissions by Offense Georgia FY 2017 30% Percentage of Admissions 25% 23.4% 19.7% 20% 15.9% 15.4% 15% 10% 8.8% 6.4% 5% 1.5% 2.9% 1.2% 2.4% 2.4% 0% Drug (selling)Drug (use) PropertPyubliSceoxrd(neron-violenSte)x (violent) Status Traffic VOVPio/VleOntACW/VeOapAoPns violation Source Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Juvenile offenders under Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) supervision most frequently enter the system due to property offenses (23.4%) violent offenses (19.7%) public order offenses (15.9%) or status offenses (15.4%). In FY 2017 there were 9 273 admissions to secure detention at Regional Youth Detention Centers (RYDC) a 35% decrease from FY 2011. The average length of stay is 33.6 days in FY 2017. Public order crime involves acts that interfere with the operations of society and the ability of people to function efficiently. Status offenses are crimes defined as criminal due to the offender s age such as truancy and curfew violations. VOP is a violation of parole VOAC is a violation of aftercare VOAP is a violation of alternative plan. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 118 Juvenile Crime and Justice Juvenile Justice Placements FY 2017 RYDC 19.7% YDC 2.7% Non- Secure Residential 4.7% Community 72.9% Source Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice A Regional Youth Detention Center (RYDC) provides temporary secure care and supervision to youth charged with offenses and awaiting placement or treatment in a community program or long-term facility. A Youth Development Campus (YDC) provides secure care supervision and treatment services to youth committed for long-term programs. Between FY 2011 and FY 2017 the average daily population served by DJJ declined by 23% from 15 991 to 12 309. The majority of Georgia s youth offenders entering the juvenile justice system are placed in community settings (72.9%). Juvenile offenders are also distributed among non-secure residential settings (4.7%) YDCs (2.7%) and RYDCs (19.7%). The average length of stay for youth committed to a DJJ facility varies based on the type of placement. On average youth in a community setting stay 158 days in a residential setting 146 days in RYDC awaiting YDC placement 119 days and in YDC 234 days. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 119 Juvenile Crime and Justice Youth Development Campus Placements by Offense FY 2017 60% 50% 47.0% 40% Percentage of Placements 30% 24.5% 20% 14.2% 9.5% 10% 0.4% 0.4% 0.3% 0% Drug (selling)Drug (use) PropertPyubliSceoxrd(neron-violenSte)x (violent) 0.1% 0.1% 2.0% 1.5% Status Traffic VOVPio/VleOntACW/VeOapAoPns violation Source Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Almost half of the youth (47.0%) admitted to YDC in FY 2017 were committed to the department due to a violent offense. An additional 1 out of 7 (14.2%) youth offenders were admitted to a YDC because they committed a violent sexual offense. Approximately 1 out of 4 youth admitted to a YDC in FY 2017 committed a property offense. Drug offenses represent a very small proportion of offenses for which youth are placed in a YDC (0.8%). DJJ operates the state s 181st school district which served 4 670 students in FY 2017 and provides youth with the ability to earn a high school diploma while in custody. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 120 Reconvictions Three-Year Return to Prison and Felony Reconviction Rates FY 2004 - FY 2014 40% Three-Year Reconviction Rate 35% 32.5% 31.4% 30.4% 30% 29.1% 27.8% 28.2% 28.4% 27.5% 27.6% 26.7% 26.9% 26.5% 27.0% 26.5% 27.0% 25% 26.8% 26.4% 26.1% 25.8% 25.6% 26.1% 24.8% 20% 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Return to Prison Rate 3-Year Felony Reconviction Rate Source Georgia Department of Corrections The three-year return to prison rate is defined as the percentage of offenders who return to prison for either new offenses or for technical violations of their release. The three-year felony reconviction rate is the percentage of offenders who are convicted of a new felony resulting in either prison or probation within 3 years of release. The three-year return to prison rate in Georgia declined by 23.7% between FY 2004 to FY 2013 from 32.5% to 24.8% with a slight increase between FY 2013 to FY 2014 from 24.8% to 26.1%. Georgia s three-year felony reconviction rate has remained fairly stable over the past decade from a high of 28.4% in FY 2006 to a low of 26.4% in FY 2009. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 121 Reconvictions Inmate Probation and Parolee Populations Georgia FY 2008 - FY 2017 250 000 214 489 200 000 150 000 148 629 154 218 154 922 157 000 161 234 164 051 165 494 166 383 168 088 Population 100 000 50 000 53 921 53 882 52 401 53 341 57 570 55 245 53 131 53 870 54 026 54 847 21 557 21 307 22 403 23 729 22 480 25 020 25 195 23 859 22 901 22 737 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Inmate Population Parolee Population Probation Population Source Georgia Department of Corrections Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles Georgia Department of Community Supervision At the end of FY 2017 there were 214 489 probationers 54 847 inmates and 22 737 parolees in Georgia. Between FY 2008 and FY 2017 the inmate population has fluctuated with a high of 57 570 in FY 2012 and a low of 52 401 in FY 2010. Over the past five years the parole population decreased by 9.1% from 25 020 to 22 737 and the probation population increased by 30.7% from 164 051 to 214 489. Other Statistical Data Discretionary parole where release is determined by a parole board maintains public safety by ensuring that only offenders who will seek to become law-abiding citizens are allowed release. According to the U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics in 2016 Georgia tied with New York for the 16th highest parole population in the United States with 285 parolees per 100 000 adult residents. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 122 Pardons and Paroles Georgia County Jail Inmate Population September 2017 Other Inmates 15.2% County Sentenced Inmates 14.1% Inmates Sentenced to State Institutions 6.1% Inmates Awaiting Trial in Jail 64.6% Source Georgia Department of Community Affairs There are 144 counties with jails in Georgia which housed 39 046 inmates in September 2017. In September 2017 the majority (64.6%) of county jail inmates were awaiting trial 14.1% of inmates were sentenced to county jails and 6.1% were state sentenced inmates housed at county facilities. Between 2012 and 2017 the county jail population increased by less than 1%. The number of state sentenced inmates housed in county jails decreased by 31% from 3 520 in September 2012 to 2 439 in September 2017. The number of county jails over capacity decreased from 32 in September 2012 to 29 in September 2017. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 123 Pardons and Paroles Georgia Parolees by Crime Type FY 2017 Nonviolent Crimes 0.1% Other Crimes 8.0% Drug Sales/ Trafficking 18.2% Property 25.9% Drug Possessions 17.0% Sex Crimes 5.3% DUI/Habitual Traffic Violations 0.3% Violent Crimes 25.2% Source Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles In FY 2017 over half of all parolees were initially convicted of property or violent crimes. The percentage of parolees initially convicted of violent crimes has decreased from 26.4% in FY 2013 to 25.2% in FY 2017. The percentage of parolees convicted of drug possessions increased from 15.4% of parolees in FY 2013 to 17.0% in FY 2017 but the percentage of parolees convicted of drug sales/ trafficking decreased during the same time period. In FY 2013 20.3% of parolees were convicted of drug sales/ trafficking but only 18.3% of parolees were convicted of the same in FY 2017. The percentage of parolees convicted of driving under the influence or of habitual traffic violations has remained low this population made up 0.4% of parolees in FY 2013 and 0.3% of parolees in FY 2017. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 124 Pardons and Paroles Parole Supervision Completion Rates United States and Georgia FY 2013 - FY 2017 80% 75% 74% 72% 72% 71% 70% 68% 65% 62% 62% 62% 60% 59% 59% Percentage of Parolees 55% 50% 2013 2014 2015 United States Georgia 2016 2017 Source Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles Parole supervision begins when an offender is released from prison into the community prior to serving his/ her entire sentence. Successful completion of parole supervision requires an offender to show success in re-integrating into the community via employment stable residence program completion etc. Between FY 2013 and FY 2017 the successful parole completion rate in Georgia decreased from 74% to 71% while the national average has mostly remained constant at 62%. Successful parole completion excludes offenders who are revoked absconded or in jail at the time of discharge from parole. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 125 Pardons and Paroles State Daily Cost by Offender Placement FY 2017 All Community Supervision (new category) Active Community Supervision (new category) Day Reporting Centers Transition Centers Detention Centers State Prisons $1.94 $3.70 $16.16 $43.29 $58.89 $61.20 Source Georgia Department of Corrections Georgia Department of Community Supervision In FY 2017 the Georgia Department of Corrections operated (12) Probation Residential Substance Abuse Treatment centers (13) Transitional centers (33) State prisons (4) Private prisons by contract (21) County correctional institutes (7) Probation Detention Centers Currently the Georgia Department of Community Supervision operates (83) Community supervision field offices (32) Day reporting centers The average annual cost per Georgia offender in state prison is $23 938 compared to $708 for community supervision. The average daily cost per Georgia offender (State Federal & Other) is $65.58 compared to $61.20 (State). Incarceration costs can be different because of the security level needed to maintain the prisoner and can vary from $38 272 per year for close security prisons to $19 460 per year for medium security prisons. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 126 Pardons and Paroles Georgia s Prison Population FY 2012 - FY 2017 Source Georgia Department of Corrections Over the last six years the State of Georgia has adopted an introspective approach to identify factors driving prison population growth and constraining improved public safety outcomes. A commitment to evidence-based policies and programs has helped make Georgia a national leader in adopting bipartisan comprehensive criminal justice reforms that preserve public safety hold offenders accountable and conserve taxpayer dollars. Since 2012 the Georgia State Legislature passed numerous pieces of legislation to implement recommendations from the Criminal Justice Reform Council. These bills amended state law to focus prison bed utilization for serious adult offenders. Additionally the legislation created a grant program for accountability courts that provides treatment for drug offenders and other offenders with a mental health diagnosis as an underlying factor for their crime as opposed to incarceration. Adult Offender Reform (House Bill 1176) included revised sentence ranges for specific types of offenses to correspond with value degree or severity of the offense the implementation of effective community-based sanctions probation and community supervision reform and a performance measurement system focused on public safety outcomes. The state s multifaceted approach contained within Senate Bill 365 focused on the reentry of citizens by codifying the concept of Program Treatment Certificates (PTCs) which are issued to offenders who have completed programs related to drug addiction recidivist behavior or work training. Reentering individuals who have these certificates have advantages in searching for housing and employment. Safe Georgia Georgia in Perspective 127 Highway Safety Motor Vehicle Fatality Rate Georgia Counties Source Georgia Department of Transportation National Highway Safety Travel Administration In 2016 motor vehicle crashes killed 1 554 people in Georgia. 1 out of 4 of these crashes involved an alcohol-impaired driver. Counties with the highest motor vehicle fatalities rates in 2016 were Warren Jenkins Twiggs Webster and Early counties. Metropolitan Atlanta counties with low fatality rates include Cherokee Forsyth Gwinnett Fayette and Cobb. Rural areas of the state have higher fatality rates per 100 million vehicle miles driven (1.98) compared to urban areas (0.97). In 2016 232 Georgian pedestrians were among those killed in motor vehicle accidents. Mobile Georgia Georgia in Perspective 128 Highway Safety Fatalities in Crashes Involving Young Drivers (Under Age 21) 2015 Nonoccupants 7.8% Passengers in Driver s Vehicle 49.4% Young Drivers 42.8% Source Governor s Office of Highway Safety National Highway Traffic Safety Administration In 2015 180 people under 21 died due to a motor vehicle accident. Of these 180 people 89 were passengers 77 were young drivers and 14 were non-occupants (pedestrians or bicyclists). There were 197 fatalities in crashes involving young drivers in 2010. Georgia ranks 4th in the nation in fatal vehicle crashes involving young drivers. Mobile Georgia Georgia in Perspective 129 Highway Safety Motor Vehicle Fatalities per 100 Million Vehicle Miles Traveled United States and Georgia 2006 - 2016 1.6 1.49 1.5 1.46 1.4 1.42 1.37 1.36 1.3 1.27 1.26 1.21 1.2 1.18 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.18 1.1 1.15 1.10 1.08 1.15 1.11 1.10 1.11 1.08 1.0 1.04 Fataility Rate 0.9 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 United States Georgia Source National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Governor s Office of Highway Safety The rate of motor vehicle fatalities has decreased in both the United States and Georgia for a number of years but that trend reversed in 2015 and 2016. Mobile Georgia Georgia in Perspective 130 Contents State Spending 132 Financial Management 138 State Employment 144 Risk Management 148 Administrative Operations 149 Technology 150 Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 131 State Spending Estimated State Revenue by Source Georgia FY 2019 Brain and Spinal Trust Funds 0.01% Tobacco Settlement Funds 0.6% Lottery Funds 4.6% Interest Fees and Sales 6.4% Other Taxes 7.7% Motor Fuel 6.9% Income Tax Individual 46.2% Sales and Use Tax General 23.4% Income Tax - Corporate 4.2% Source Governor s Office of Planning and Budget Budget in Brief Georgia has a diversified tax base with nearly one-quarter of revenues (23.4%) coming from sales and use tax revenues and about half (50.4%) from individual and corporate income taxes. The motor fuel tax is projected to represent 6.9% of total state revenue in FY 2019. In 2015 the general assembly passed HB 170 Transportation Funding Act which changed the way fuel is taxed in Georgia especially the excise tax. Through this legislation the general assembly set a base excise tax of 29 cents per gallon for diesel fuel and 26 cents per gallon for all other fuel types. The rates are adjusted each year. For 2018 the base excise tax is 30 cents per gallon for diesel fuel and 26.8 cents per gallon for all other fuel types. The Georgia Lottery Corporation is also anticipated to represent 4.6% of state revenue in FY 2019. On average for every dollar spent on a lottery ticket 25 cents funds the Pre-K and HOPE programs. Additional sources of revenue include interest fees and sales (6.4%) other taxes (7.7%) and Tobacco Settlement funds (0.6%). Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 132 State Spending Total State Treasury Recepts FY 2008 - FY 2018 $30 $25.6 $25 $24.5 $23.5 $19.8 $20 $17.8 $19.5 $17.6 $18.3 $16.3 $15 $21.6 $20.3 Billions of Dollars $10 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source State Accounting Office Georgia Revenues and Reserves Report FY 2018 Between FY 2008 and FY 2018 total state revenues have increased by 29% from $19.8 billion to $ 25.6 billion. In FY 2018 the state reported $25.6 billion in total treasury receipts. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 133 State Spending $3 000 Revenue Shortfall Reserve FY 2006 - FY 2017 $2 500 $2 000 $1 500 $1 545 $2 309 $2 033 $1 431 Millions of Dollars $1 000 $500 $0 $792 $566 $863 $717 $328 $378 $104 $116 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Source Governor s Office of Planning and Budget Georgia s Revenue Shortfall Reserve was created in 1976 to serve as a savings account or "Rainy Day" fund. According to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities shortfall reserve funds enabled states to meet increased service demand in the face of declining revenues during the recent recession. In 2010 the Shortfall Reserve cap was increased from 10% to 15% of previous year net revenue collections in order to increase Georgia s savings capacity. Reserve sources include state net revenues and agency surpluses. 4% of the net revenue of the preceding fiscal year must remain in the fund. The Governor is authorized to release reserve funds beyond that amount. Between FY 2009 and FY 2017 the revenue shortfall reserve has increased drastically from $104 million to $2.3 billion Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 134 State Spending Appropriations by State Priority Policy Area FY 2019 Growing Georgia 1.21% Responsible and Efficient Government 3.26% Debt Management 4.83% Mobile Georgia 7.31% Safe Georgia 7.94% Educated Georgia 53.91% Healthy Georgia 21.54% Source Governor s Office of Planning and Budget Education is Georgia s highest priority. More than half of the state budget is dedicated to Pre-K to college education. Healthy Georgia funds Medicaid and the State Health Benefit Plan mental health services and child protective services. Safe Georgia funds adult and juvenile corrections probation parole and the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. Mobile Georgia funds transportation services. Responsible and Efficient Government programs include administrative functions such as building maintenance contract management and IT services. Growing Georgia funds economic development. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 135 State Spending 2016 Freedom in the United States Report ECONOMIC FREEDOM State Score 1 South Dakota 0.35 2 Idaho 0.31 3 Tennessee 0.30 4 Oklahoma 0.25 5 New Hampshire 0.22 6 Florida 0.22 7 North Dakota 0.17 8 Alabama 0.17 9 Wyoming 0.16 10 Alaska 0.14 11 Indiana 0.13 12 Georgia 0.12 13 Utah 0.12 14 Missouri 0.11 15 Virginia 0.10 REGULATORY POLICY State Score 1 Idaho 0.15 2 Indiana 0.10 3 Wyoming 0.10 4 Kansas 0.09 5 Iowa 0.08 6 North Dakota 0.08 7 South Dakota 0.08 8 Nebraska 0.07 9 Utah 0.06 10 Oklahoma 0.05 11 Mississippi 0.05 12 South Carolina 0.03 13 Tennessee 0.02 14 Georgia 0.01 15 Michigan 0.01 Source Cato Institute Freedom in the 50 United States is an annual index of personal and economic freedom published by Cato Institute. Note Mercatus Center no longer publishes it. The Freedom in the 50 States report ranks states in four main areas which include Fiscal Policy Regulatory Policy Economic Freedom and Personal Freedom. In 2016 Georgia ranked 12th in Economic Freedom and 14th in Regulatory Policy. Georgia is the 4th highest ranking southeastern state in the Cato Institute s Economic Freedom ranking and the 3rd highest in the Regulatory Policy ranking. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 136 State Spending Index Value Camelot Index Prudent State Government Georgia and State Rank Comparison 2013-2018 25 20.2 20 18.4 15.6 15 11.5 12.5 11.8 13.4 14.2 10 11.3 11.3 11.8 12.4 6.8 7 6.3 5 3.8 4.2 2.6 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Georgia Rank 1 States Rank 5 States Source Federal Funds Information for States (FFIS) State Policy Reports Camelot Index The Camelot Index is a composite measure of states in the areas of economic vitality society health education crime and government. Five criteria are used to determine the 2018 Camelot Prudent Government scores 1. State and local taxes as a percent of personal income 2. State solvency 3. Pension funding 4. Bond ratings 5. State and local capital spending as a percent of state gross domestic product (Howard & Olson 2018 pp. 8-9) Between 2013 and 2016 Georgia ranked among the top 10 Prudent Government States. However Georgia s ranking dropped to 16th and 21st in 2017 and 2018 respectively. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 137 Financial Management Georgia s Bond Ratings 2017 Moody Investor Services AAA (since 1974) Standard and Poor s AAA (since 1997) Fitch s Investor s Service AAA (since 1993) FY 2018 - FY 2022 Debt Management Plan Debt Ratio Targets Planning Levels Without GARVEEs* With GARVEEs* Debt per Capita $1 200 $1 500 Debt Service to Prior Year Revenues 7.0% 8.0% Debt to Personal Income 3.5% 4.0% Note GARVEE bonds are tax-exempt debt instrument financing mechanisms backed by annual federal appropriations for federal-aid transportation projects. Source Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission Debt Management Plan Rating agencies scrutinize states in several areas to judge a state s fiscal health. The better a state s bond rating the lower the interest it must pay on the bonds it issues. Rating agency analysts use a 10% debt service level as the standard warning level for states approaching limited fiscal flexibility. They also consider other metrics to measure debt burden such as debt per capita and debt as a percentage of personal income. Georgia has maintained its AAA bond rating from all three rating agencies every year since 1997. Currently Georgia is 1 of 12 states with a AAA bond rating from all three major bond rating agencies. The other states are Indiana Iowa South Dakota Delaware Maryland Missouri North Carolina Tennessee Texas Utah and Virginia. Georgia has implemented a formal debt management plan (DMP) to help the State fund ongoing spending priorities. Georgia s DMP sets target levels in three areas Debt Per Capita Debt Service to Revenues and Debt to Personal Income. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 138 Financial Management Historic and Projected Annual Debt Service as Percentage of Prior Year Receipts FY 2013 - FY 2022 7.5% 7.0% 7.0% Percentage of Debt Service to Revenue 6.5% 6.0% 5.5% 5.0% 6.7% 6.3% 6.3% 6.0% 5.5% 5.6% 5.6% 5.5% 5.5% 5.2% 4.5% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Proj 2019 Proj 2020 Proj 2021 Proj 2022 Ratio Debt Planning Level Source Georgia State Finance and Investment Commission Debt Management Plan To restrict over-borrowing Georgia s constitution sets a debt limit at 10% of the prior year s total treasury receipts and the state s DMP sets 7% as the planning level for debt. Debt service to prior year revenues measures the percentage of revenue dedicated to debt service. Steadily increasing revenue and moderate borrowing at low interest rates keep this measure within target levels. Between FY 2013 and FY 2017 the debt service to revenues ratio dropped from 6.7% to 5.5%. The debt service to revenues ratio is projected to continue decreasing through FY 2022. By FY 2022 the debt service to revenues ratio is projected to drop to 5.2%. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 139 Financial Management Historic and Projected Debt Per Capita Georgia FY 2013 - FY 2022 $1 250 $1 200 $1 150 Debt Per Capita $1 050 $950 $850 $887 $906 $888 $890 $867 $868 $900 $890 $881 $876 $750 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Proj 2019 Proj 2020 Proj 2021 Proj 2022 Debt Per Capita Debt Planning Level Source Georgia State Finance and Investment Commission Debt Management Plan Debt per capita measures the state debt burden per state resident. Net tax-supported debt per capita is calculated as the total tax-supported debt divided by the population of the state. The debt per capita planning level was raised in 2007 from $1 000 to $1 200 due to rising infrastructure costs. Figures for the FY 2013 through FY 2017 represent the actual debt per capita. Figures for FY 2018 to FY 2022 reflect projected debt per capita. Georgia has kept the debt per capita below the target mark. Net tax-supported debt items are debt items supported by the state s tax revenues. Items which are paid by tax revenues are pledged to that payment such as motor fuel tax pledged to certain State Road and Tollway Authority bonds which are considered tax-supported debt. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 140 Financial Management Historic and Projected Debt as Percent of Personal Income Georgia FY 2013 - FY 2022 4.0% 3.5% 3.5% Debt as Percentage of Personal Income 3.0% 2.5% 2.0% 2.4% 2.3% 2.2% 2.2% 2.1% 2.0% 2.0% 1.9% 1.9% 1.8% 1.5% 1.0% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Proj 2019 Proj 2020 Proj 2021 Proj 2022 Debt Debt Planning Level Source Georgia State Finance and Investment Commission Debt Management Plan Debt as a percent of personal income measures the debt burden to Georgians personal incomes. It is calculated as the amount of tax-supported debt divided by the total personal income of the state s population. Between FY 2013 and FY 2017 the debt as a percentage of personal income decreased slightly. The state s planning level for debt as a percentage of personal income has remained at 3.5%. From FY 2013 to FY 2017 the state debt ratio decreased from 2.4% to 2.1%. In FY 2018 to FY 2022 the Georgia State Finance and Investment Commission anticipates that the debt as a percentage of personal income will decrease even further from 2.0% to 1.8%. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 141 Financial Management Time Frame to Complete Statewide Financial Reports FY 2010 - FY 2017 200 190 192 183 183 181 184 184 183 180 167 160 153 140 151 150 141 142 143 137 Number of Days 120 100 2010 2011 2012 2013 CAFR 2014 BCR 2015 2016 2017 Source State Accounting Office and Governor s Office of Planning and Budget Performance Measures Report The Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR) is a standard annual financial report prepared by most governments. The CAFR includes basic information about the state the auditor s report financial statements and a statistical section. While the state budget presents the projected expectations and plan of use for state funds over a year the state CAFR reports the historical use and financial condition of state government. The Budgetary Compliance Report (BCR) shows state agency financial compliance with state amended appropriations act(s) by fiscal year. Georgia created a State Accounting Office on July 1 2005 to establish statewide standards and practices and align responsibility for the state s financial reports and accounting system. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 142 Financial Management Audit Findings Number of Findings Reported and Number Resolved Within One Year of Issuance 2013 - 2017 80 70 60 50 50 40 30 26 20 19 10 2013 66 29 27 2014 55 31 18 2015 53 32 18 2016 44 2017 Number of Findings Reported Number of Findings Fully Resolved within One Year Number Partially Resolved Within One Year Source Georgia Department of Audits and Accounts The Georgia Department of Audits provides accountability over operations by conducting financial audits and federal compliance audits of all state agencies. Agencies who receive a financial statement or federal compliance audit finding are expected to resolve the issue identified. Agencies are expected to submit a corrective action plan on each finding they receive. Annually the Department of Audits and Accounts performs procedures to determine the extent to which prior-year findings are resolved. While agencies are expected to take action to address findings in a timely manner it is not always possible to fully resolve a finding within a year. The number of single audit findings for Georgia state government agencies fluctuated between FY 2013 and FY 2017 with a high of 66 in FY 2014 and a low of 44 in FY 2017. The vast majority of audit findings requiring corrective action have been acted upon. In FY 2016 94% of findings were fully or partially resolved within one year. Note DOAA has not released 2017 data at the time of this publication. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 143 State Employment Funding Ratio Based on Actuarial Value of Assets for Retirement Systems Legislative Retirement System Public School Employees Retirement System Teachers Retirement System Georgia Judicial Retirement System Georgia Military Pension Fund Employees Retirement System 31.8% 50.6% 84.2% 83.6% 85.7% 74.2% 118.3% 128.1% 113.7% 107.9% 80.1% 74.7% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120% 140% 2010 2017 Source Employees Retirement System and Teachers Retirement System The actuarial funding ratio for Georgia s state retirement systems increased for two of the systems and decreased for four of the systems between 2010 and 2017. Benefits paid to Employees Retirement System (ERS) retirees and beneficiaries increased 21.6% between 2010 and 2017 from $1.11 billion to $1.35 billion. There were approximately 49 500 retired members and beneficiaries in ERS in 2017 a 28.2% increase since 2010. The actuarial value of assets for ERS increased by 0.8% from $13.0 billion in 2010 to $13.1 billion in 2017. Benefits paid to Teachers Retirement System (TRS) retirees and beneficiaries increased 58.4% between 2010 and 2017 from $2.86 billion to $4.53 billion. There were approximately 122 700 retired members and beneficiaries in TRS in 2017 a 41.0% increase since 2010. The actuarial value of assets for TRS increased 30.6% from $54.5 billion in 2010 to $71.2 billion in 2017. Funds over 100% mean actuarial assets are greater than actuarial liabilities. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 144 State Employment Percentage of Executive Branch Employees State of Georgia Workforce by Generation FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017 50 42% 42% 42% 40 33% 31% 30 28% 29% 26% 24% 20 10 1% 1% 0.42% 1% 0 Veterans (1925-1945) Baby Boomers (1946-19G6e4n)eration X (1965-1980M) illennials (1981-19G9e7n) eration Z (1998-2016) Source Georgia Department of Administrative Services FY 2017 Workforce Report Since 2015 the Baby Boomer generation has declined in the workforce from approximately 33% to 28% while the Millennial generation has grown from 24 % to 29 % replacing the 5 % lost by "boomers" departing the workforce. Nearly 59 % of all hires in state government in FY 2017 came from the Millennial category. The average age of state employees in 2017 was 44 years. Georgia state government is an "at will" employer meaning that either party may end the employment relationship at any time for any reason except an unlawful reason without incurring a penalty. The state eliminated its civil service system in 1996. The average tenure of state employees is approximately 9 years. In FY 2017 more than 1 out of 2 of Georgia s state employees (50.8%) were employed with the state 5 years or less. An additional 1 out of 6 employees(15.6%) were with the state between 6 and 10 years. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 145 State Employment State Workforce Profile Executive Branch FY 2014 - 2017 65 000 60 000 60 566 60 459 59 439 60 645 55 000 50 000 45 000 40 000 $39 356 $40 049 $40 826 $43 588 35 000 2014 2015 Number of Full Time Employees 2016 Average Salary 2017 Source Georgia Department of Administrative Services FY 2017 Workforce Report State employment since FY 2014 has been steady at around 60 000 full-time Executive Branch employees. Since FY 2010 the state enterprise workforce (inclusive of state authorities technical colleges and judicial and legislative branch employees) was reduced from 75 200 employees to 67 771 in FY 2017 a reduction of approximately 9.9%. Average salaries realized an increase in FY 2017 due to statewide pay raises awarded to state law enforcement officers which is also the largest state workforce job family. The percent of minorities in the executive branch of government annually exceeds 50 %. In FY 2017 it was nearly 56 %. The average number of years for executive branch employees was 8.8 years in FY 2017 which was down from 9.2 from the previous two fiscal years. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 146 State Employment Employee Turnover Georgia FY 2017 Other 0.9% Transfer 8.5% Retirement 15.7% Involuntary 13.8% Voluntary 61.1% Source Georgia Department of Administrative Services FY 2017 Workforce Report In FY 2017 there were 11 224 total separations among state employees. Almost two thirds of these separations were voluntary (61.1%). Approximately one in seven separations were due to retirement. Involuntary turnover includes reasons such as failure to meet terms of employment dismissal release and reductions in workforce. There were 1 545 such terminations in FY 2017 or 13.8% of total separations. Between FY 2012 and FY 2017 voluntary separations increased from 57% to 61%. The overall turnover rate among state employees was 19.5% in FY 2017. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 147 Risk Management 12 000 Risk Management FY 2007 - FY 2017 Number of Claims 11 500 11 443 11 000 11 201 10 500 10 537 10 378 10 000 9 500 9 953 9 769 9 702 9 774 9 527 9 879 9 276 10 018 9 000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Number of Claims Source Georgia Department of Administrative Services (DOAS) - Excludes Unemployment Insurance claims The DOAS Risk Management Services (RMS) manages the self-insured programs that include unemployment insurance auto physical damage workers compensation property general liability cyber and auto liability claims. Claims exclude unemployment insurance claims. The Workers Compensation (WC) program which provides benefits to employees for compensable work injury or illness is the state s largest insurance program making up over 63 percent of all claims. Incurred claims for the program have exceed $1 billion since 2007. General Liability is the second largest risk program. The program functions include coverage determination investigations liability assessment case assessment and claim evaluation settlement negotiation litigation management and claim resolution. Incurred claims have exceeded $300 million since 2007. Risk services also included property which protects state-owned assets from damage from various hazards and the automobile property damage program protects state-owned or leased vehicles. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 148 Administrative Operations Georgia State Finance and Investment Commission Managed Projects FY 2017 Other 24.0% Board of Regents 27.0% Soil and Water Conservation Commission 7.0% Department of Education 9.0% Department of Transportation 10.0% Technical College System of Georgia 23.0% Source Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission Annual Report 2017 The Georgia State Finance and Investment Commission (GSFIC) s Construction Division managed 122 total projects in FY 2017 with a budget of $1 410 599 376. 59% of GSFIC managed projects are attributed to 3 educational agencies the Board of Regents (27%) the Technical College System of Georgia (23%) and the Department of Education (9%). The remaining projects support the Department of Transportation (10%) the Soil and Water Conservation Commission (7%) and other agencies (24%). Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 149 Technology Georgia Information Technology Investments FY 2015 FY 2016 FY 2017 Infrastructure $ 194 391 806 $ 196 234 783 $ 207 659 818 Network $ 60 574 433 $ 55 690 939 $ 60 943 899 Application $ 367 663 506 $ 411 804 706 $ 412 943 419 Other IT Costs $ 15 761 930 $ 19 495 087 $ 18 608 889 Total IT Investment $ 638 391 674 $ 683 225 516 $ 700 156 026 Source Georgia Technology Authority Annual State Information Technology Report 2017 The state spent more than $700 million on technology in FY 2017 compared to $683 million in FY 2016. The Georgia Technology Authority (GTA) manages the delivery of IT infrastructure services to 86 Executive Branch agencies and managed network services to 1 255 state and local government entities. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 150 Technology Total Project Value State Technology Projects Reviewed by the Georgia Technlogy Authority FY 2016 - FY 2018 800 000 000 700 000 000 600 000 000 500 000 000 400 000 000 $402 334 377 $614 725 534 $473 027 670 300 000 000 $267 916 302 200 000 000 100 000 000 0 FY 2016 FY 2017 FY 2018 Critical Panel Projects Large IT Project Board Source Georgia Technology Authority The State s Critical Project Review Panel oversees high-impact high-cost technology investments to help ensure successful outcomes. In 2017 the Office of Planning and Budget Georgia Technology Authority and the Department of Administrative Services enacted the Large IT Project Executive Decision-Making Board policy. The Large IT Project Executive Decision-Making Board oversees large IT Projects that cost at least $10 million over 5 years or that are identified as significant to the state. Projects reviewed in the initial year of the Large IT Project Executive Decision-Making Board included large-scale IT modernization projects at the Department of Community Health the Department of Public Health and the Georgia Bureau of Investigation. Disciplined portfolio and project management coupled with oversight by the Critical Review Panel and project assurance saved the state up to $102 million through cost avoidance in FY 2017. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 151 Technology Project Delivery Effectiveness Georgia versus Benchmarks FY 2008 - FY 2017 100% 80% 60% 40% 17% 22% 7% 14% 11% 33% 14% 25% 18% 9% 11% 17% 60% 43% 47% 54% 89% 79% 67% 75% 73% 100% 89% 83% Percentage of IT Projects 20% 36% 24% 43% 40% 0% All Industries* Govt* 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 Succeeded Challenged Failed * Benchmarks Source Georgia Technology Authority and *the Standish Group 2016 CHAOS Report The Georgia Technology Authority (GTA) produces monthly enterprise portfolio scorecard reports. Continually tracking the health of the state s major IT projects helps identify potential problems and immediately take corrective actions to mitigate the risk of a failed project. Georgia s project delivery effectiveness compares favorably with other governmental entities and the private sector. In FY 2017 Georgia completed 100% of state IT projects on time and on budget. According to the Standish Group s 2016 CHAOS Report approximately 1 in 4 (24%) government IT projects and more than 1 in 3 (36%) of all industry IT projects were completed on time and on budget. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 152 Technology Digital States Survey Performance Grade Southeastern States 2014 and 2016 State 2014 2016 Alabama C C Florida C B Georgia A- A- North Carolina C B South Carolina C B- Tennessee B B Source The Government Technology Center for Digital Government Digital States Survey The Center for Digital Government s Digital States Performance Institute (DSPI) identifies and promotes best and emerging practices in the public sector IT community. The Digital States Survey assesses state use of information and communications technology. The Digital States Survey uses criteria such as an approach consistent with state priorities return on investment improvement innovative solutions and effective collaboration. Georgia ranked highest among the southeastern states and was among 10 states in the nation who scored an A or A- in 2016. Georgia won 1st place in the "Enterprise ICT" category of the survey. ICT stands for information and communication technology. States graded as an "A are trending sharply up measure results and operate efficiently. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 153 Technology State of Georgia Broadband Speed & Access Speed Tier Served Unserved 3 Mbps* 3 826 700 262 600 10 Mbps 3 724 336 364 465 25 Mbps 3 451 200 638 100 Source Georgia Technology Authority *Mbps stands for megabits per second. Broadband allows users to access the Internet and Internet-related services at significantly higher speeds than those available through "dial-up" Internet access services. Broadband speeds vary significantly depending on the particular type and level of service available. Broadband is an enabling technology for state services. Education telemedicine and public safety are all greatly enhanced by broadband technology. The fastest advertised broadband Internet speeds tend to be in urban areas. Between 2015 and 2026 The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is predicted to give $510 million from the Connect America Fund (CAF) program to eight service providers in Georgia. This money will assist these broadband service providers in expanding broadband into unserved areas of Georgia. The providers accepting the money have to provide speeds of a minimum of 10 Mbps down and 1 Mbps up to the funded locations. FCC predicts that funding will help approximately 175 000 unserved locations. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 154 Technology Statistics for the Digital Services Georgia Web Platform (Georgia.Gov) 2012 and 2017 60 54.30 50 Number of Visitors (Millions) 40 30 22.29 20 13.74 10 0 Users 24.78 Sessions 2012 2017 25.63 3.44 Mobile Sessions Source Georgia Technology Authority In 2017 the Georgia.gov platform had more than 22 million users which is a 62% increase from 2012 and almost 140 million page views. Between 2012 and 2017 the number of sessions more than doubled from 24.8 to 54.30 million and the number of mobile sessions drastically increased from 3.44 million to 25.6 million. A session is defined as one individual visitor who arrives at your web site and proceeds to browse. A session counts all visitors no matter how many times the same visitor may have been to the site. Responsible and Efficient Government Georgia in Perspective 155 Sources For more information on the 2018 Georgia in Perspective data sources please contact the Governor s Office of Planning and Budget Sources Georgia in Perspective 156 Growing Georgia Forbes Magazine https //www.forbes.com Georgia Department of Community Affairs Georgia Department of Economic Development Georgia Department of Natural Resources Environmental Protection Division Georgia Department of Labor Workforce Statistics & Economic Research Sight Selection Magazine U.S. Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service https //www.ers.usda.gov/ U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of Economic Analysis Regional Economic Accounts https // www.bea.gov/regional/ U.S. Department of Commerce Trade Statistics Express http //tse.export.gov U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census Bureau https //www.census.gov/ U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey https // www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/ U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census Bureau American Fact Finder https //factfinder.census.gov U.S. Department of Health and Human Services https //aspe.hhs.gov/ U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics State and Local Unemployment https // www.bls.gov/data/ U.S. Energy Information Administration https //www.eia.gov/ U.S. News https //www.usnews.com/ U.S. Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy 2018 Small Business Profile https // www.sba.gov/advocacy/2018-small-business-profiles-states-and-territories U.S. Travel Association Mobile Georgia Airports Council International Georgia Center of Innovation for Logistics Georgia Department of Transportation Georgia Department of Transportation Airport Aid http //www.dot.ga.gov/InvestSmart/Aviation Georgia Department of Transportation Transit http //www.dot.ga.gov/IS/Transit Georgia Governor s Office of Planning and Budget Georgia Ports Authority Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport http //www.atl.com U.S. Department of Transportation National Transit Database https //www.transit.dot.gov/ntd Healthy Georgia American Cancer Society https //www.cancer.org Association of American Medical Colleges https //www.aamc.org/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Prevalence and Trends Data https //www.cdc.gov/brfss/brfssprevalence/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Health United States https //www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/ index.htm Centers for Disease Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Prevention and Control National Center for Health Statistics https //www.cdc.gov/ nchs/ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics CDC WONDER https // wonder.cdc.gov/ Sources Georgia in Perspective 157 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System (WISQARS) https //www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ChildVaxView https //www.cdc.gov/vaccines/imz-managers/ coverage/childvaxview/index.html Centers for Disease Control and Prevention NCHHSTP AtlasPlus https //www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/atlas/ index.htm Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System Youth Online https //nccd.cdc.gov/youthonline/App/Default.aspx Centers for Disease Control and Prevention United States Diabetes Surveillance System https // gis.cdc.gov/grasp/diabetes/DiabetesAtlas.html Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services National Health Expenditures Data https //www.cms.gov/ Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/ index.html Corso P Finkelstein E Miller T et al. 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Inj Prev 2006 12 212-8 Georgia Board for Physician Workforce Georgia Department of Behavioral Health and Developmental Disabilities Georgia Department of Community Health Georgia Department of Community Health State Office of Rural Health Georgia Department of Human Services Division of Family and Children s Services https // dfcs.georgia.gov/ Georgia Department of Public Health Georgia Department of Public Health Georgia Tobacco Use Surveillance Report 2015 Georgia Department of Public Health Office of EMS/Trauma Georgia Department of Public Health Office of Health Indicators for Planning (OHIP) OASIS https // oasis.state.ga.us/ Georgia Health Policy Center Georgia Trauma Care Network Commission Georgia Trauma Care Foundation Georgia State University Kaiser Family Foundation State Health Facts https //www.kff.org/statedata/ SAMHSA Center for Mental Health Services Uniform Reporting System Mental Health National Outcome Measures https //www.samhsa.gov/data/ Truven DataProbe United Health Foundation America s Health Rankings https //www.americashealthrankings.org/ U.S. Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service https //fns-prod.azureedge.net/ U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census Bureau https //www.census.gov/ U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families Child Maltreatment 2016 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Health Resources and Services Administration HRSA Data Warehouse https //datawarehouse.hrsa.gov/tools/analyzers/HpsaFind.aspx U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Medical Expenditure Panel Survey https //meps.ahrq.gov/mepsweb/ Educated Georgia Georgia Department of Early Care and Learning Georgia Department of Education Georgia Governor s Office of Student Achievement Downloadable Data https //gosa.georgia.gov/ downloadable-data Georgia Governor s Office of Student Achievement K-12 Public Schools Report Card https // gaawards.gosa.ga.gov/analytics/K12ReportCard Georgia Student Finance Commission Scholarships and Grants database Sources Georgia in Perspective 158 National Center for Education Statistics https //nces.ed.gov/ National Center on Education Statistics National Assessment of Educational Progress Nation s Report Card https //www.nationsreportcard.gov/ National Education Association http //www.nea.org/ Southern Regional Education Board https //www.sreb.org/ Technical College System of Georgia Technical College System of Georgia Office of Data Planning and Research (DPR) Scorecard https // kms.tcsg.edu/DPR/Scorecard/Default.aspx The College Board https //www.collegeboard.org/ U.S. Department of Commerce U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey https // www.census.gov/programs-surveys/acs/ University System of Georgia Board of Regents University System of Georgia Board of Regents www.usg.edu University System of Georgia Board of Regents Research and Policy Analysis https //www.usg.edu/ research/ Safe Georgia CargoNet 2017 Carl Vinson Institute of Government The Estimated Economic Impacts and Benefits of Accountability Court Programs in Georgia Evidence from a Survey of Program Participants 2018. Georgia Bureau of Investigation Georgia Department of Community Affairs https //dca.ga.gov/local-government-assistance/research- surveys/monthly-jail-reports Georgia Department of Community Supervision Georgia Department of Corrections Georgia Governor s Office of Highway Safety http //www.gahighwaysafety.org Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Office of Education Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles National Center on Education Statistics https //nces.ed.gov/ National Highway Traffic Safety Administration s National Center for Statistics and Analysis https // www.nhtsa.gov/research-data U.S. Department of Justice Bureau of Justice Statistics https //www.bjs.gov/ U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Crime in the United States 2016 Responsible and Efficient Government Cato Institute Freedom in the 50 States 2016 https //www.freedominthe50states.org/ Employees Retirement System of Georgia Federal Funds Information for States (FFIS) State Policy Reports Camelot Index Olson A. (2018). State Policy Reports 36(8) 8-9 (M. Howard Ed.). Retrieved June 2018. Georgia Building Authority Georgia Department of Administrative Services Georgia Department of Administrative Services FY 2017 Workforce Report http //doas.ga.gov/human- resources-administration/hr-tools/workforce-reports Georgia Department of Audits and Accounts Georgia Department of Revenue https //dor.georgia.gov/ Georgia Lottery Corporation https //www.galottery.com/en-us/home.html Georgia State Accounting Office Georgia State Accounting Office Budgetary Compliance Report https //sao.georgia.gov/budgetary- compliance-report Sources Georgia in Perspective 159 Georgia State Accounting Office Georgia Revenues and Reserves Report https //sao.georgia.gov/georgiarevenues-and-reserves Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission Annual Report https //gsfic.georgia.gov/annualreport Georgia State Financing and Investment Commission Debt Management Plan https //gsfic.georgia.gov/ documents/debt-management-plan-0 Georgia Technology Authority Georgia Technology Authority Annual State IT Report https //gta.georgia.gov/annualreport/reports Governor s Office of Planning and Budget Budget in Brief https //opb.georgia.gov/budget-briefs Governor s Office of Planning and Budget Rating Agencies The Standish Group 2016 Chaos Report Teachers Retirement System The Government Technology Center for Digital Government Digital States Survey http // www.govtech.com/cdg/digital-states/ Sources Georgia in Perspective 160 Governor s O ce of PLANNING AND BUDGET THE STA TE OF GEORGI A 2 CAPITOL SQUARE SW ATLANTA GA 30334 404.656.3820 OPB.GEORGIA.GOV