FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT 
OF THE 
State Forestry Department 
TO THE 
Governor and General Assembly 
OF THE 
STATE OF GEORGIA 
1926 
 
 j j j j j j j j j j j j j 
 
 VOGEL FOREST PARK Looking North from Neel Gap 
Georgia's First State Forest 
 
 FIRST BIENNIAL REPORT 
OF THE 
State Forester 
TO THE 
State Forestry Board 
OF THE 
STATE OF GEORGIA 
1925-1926 
B. M. LUFBURROW 
Stale Forester 
 
 Georgia State Board of Forestry 
1927 
( Ex-Offtcto) HoN CLIFFORD WALKER, Governor 
President HoN S. G. McLENDON, Sec. of State 
Vice President HoN S. W McCALLIE, State Geologtst HoN J PHIL CAMPBELL, Director of Extenswn 
State College of Agriculture ( Appomted 
BoNNELL H. STONE, Blairsville J LEONARD RouNTREE, Summtt 
ALEX K. SESSOMS, Cogdell C. B. HARMAN, Atlanta MRS. M. E. JUDD, Dalton 
B. M. LUFBURROW Secretary and State Forester 
 
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FORESTRY DEPARTMENT 
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Letter of Transmittal 
To His Excellency, Hon. Clifford Walker, Governor State of Georgia, Atlanta. 
Sir 
In accordance with Section 2158 (jjj-5) Vol 12 of the Supplement of the Code of 1926, and by direction of the Board appointed under such Law, we have the honor to submit for transmittal to the General Assembly, the First Biennial Report of the State Forestry Department covering the period October 15th, 1925 to December 31st, 1926 
R espectfully, 
C. B. HARMAN, S. W McCALLIE, B. H. STONE, Chairman of Executive Committee. 
 
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FORESTRY DEPARTMENT 
B M LUFBU~R OW STATE. FORESTE R 
ATLANTA.GE:ORGIA 
 
M EMeERS AI"F"() IN"r' i!;O 6"" Tt4 1i GovERNOR 
 
L EONA, 7,?..:;:::Ufo< Tit<:: C 8 ~A A .... AN 
 
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Letter of Transmittal from the State Forester 
MEMBERS OF STATE BOARD OF FORESTRY, 
Sirs 
I herewith submit to you my report which covers the first 14 1-2 months of our work, and the findings of the Georgia Forest Service within the period. 
The practise of forestry is becoming recognized throughout the State as a basic and economic necessity In bringing about this recognition, the Board acknowledges the splendid cooperation, especially in an educational way, by many agencies, such as the Georgia Forestry Association, civic and business organizations, Federated Women's Clubs, Parent-Teacher Associations, Scout and Campfire organizations, County Officials, and the various DEPARTMENTS OF STATE. 
The newspapers of the State and the various press agencies have given valuable cooperation. The lumber and naval stores industries as a whole have given important information. Regional organizations having a large membership in the State, such as the Southern Forestry Congress, American Tree Association, American Forestry Association, have cooperated closely with the Department. The Federal Forest Service has co-operated both financially and otherwise. 
With the continued coordinated efforts of all these agencies, it is felt that every acre in Georgia will be producing that crop most suitable and profitable, and that the timber crop, WHICH RANKS T!IIRD as a natural resource, will be conserved, restored and perpetuated. 
I wish to express my appreciation to each member of the Board for their assistance, interest and active support in the work of the Department. 
Respectfully, 
B. M LUFBURROW, State Forester 
 
 First Biennial Report 
Board of Forestry, State of Georgia 
TO THE 
General Assembly 
1927 
Introduction 
Forestry had its beginning in Georgia in the Forestry Act of 1921 providing for a State Board of Forestry composed of five ex-officio members and four citizens appointed by the Governor from the State at Large. The duties of this Board were purely investigative, and to "report to the General Assembly of Georgia with whatever recommendations the said Board sees fit to make." How ever, there were no funds available for the work. The first official report to the General Assembly of Georgia was made in 1922 in compliance with the Act of 1921 
The splendid report of this Board received most favorable comment from all parts of the country The limited number of copies printed was soon exhausted by the enormous demand for this information. The report gave a perfect picture of the forestry situation in Georgia and contained most valuable information pertaining to the forest industrial development of the State and its subsequent decline since 1909 
Since the report of 1922 covers so completely the industrial phase of the forest problems, the present timber supply and the direct influence which this natural resource has had upon the development of the State, it will not be necessary to cover these vital points in this report except by reference. 
7 
 
 Administrative Act of 1925 
The Forestry Administrative Act of 1925 was signed by th8 Governor on August 14th, 1925. This Act named the Governor as "ex-officio Chairman and President of said Board," the Secretary of State, the State Geologist, and the Director of Extension at the State College of Agriculture as ex-officio members to serve with five citizens of the State who shall be appointed by the Governor, "as follows One representing the Women's Civic Organizations of the State and four representatives of the farming lumbering, lumber manufacturing, and naval stores or timberland owning interests within the State of Georgia, who will be named with reference to geographical location." 
Duties of the State Board of Forestry 
The broad policies which have been initiated by the Board pursuant to the mandates of the Forestry Administrative Act of 1925 are 
I. To inquire into the forest conditions in Georgia, with reference to Forest Law 1925 (a) Preservation of the forests ________________ Sec. 3 
(b) Effect of the destruction of forests upon the general welfare of the 
State ----------------------------------------------------Sec. 3 (c) ,All other matters pertaining to: 
1 Subject of forestry __________ ______________Sec. 3 2. Tree growth __________ _______________________.Sec. 3 
II. To make recommendations to the General Public, as to: (a) Reforestation ------ ------------------------- -- ____Sec. 3 (b) Approved methods of lumbering_____ ___Sec. 3 (c) Approved methods of turpentining____Sec. 3 
III. To report to the regular session of the Legislature: (a) Results of investigation_______________ _____ ___ _Sec. 3 
(b) Recommendations as to necessary legislation with reference to forestry Sec. 3 
IV To give, as may be practicable, to Georgia land owners and forest users, when requested, such : (a) Advice ____ ______ ________________ ____ ______ _____________Sec. 3 (b) Aid ______ _____________ ________ __ ________________________Sec. 3 (c) Assistance ______ __ ______ ___________ __________________Sec. 3 (d) Cooperation __ ___________ __________ ______ __________Sec. 3 
8 
 
 V To promote in Georgia among all classes of the population a proper appreciation of the benefit to be derived from: (a) Forest culture ____ _ _______________________ Sec. 2 
(b) Forest preservation _________________________ Sec. 3 
 
VI. To take such action as may be reasonable and practicable and apply such part of the funds as may be necessary to: (a) Prevent forest fires ________________________ Sec. 3 (b) Suppress forest fires ________________________Sec. 3 
(c) Establish fire control: 1 Independently __________________ Sec. 3 
2. Or in cooperation with Federal Government ______________________ Sec. 3 
 
VII. 
 
To employ a State Forester, who shall: 
 
(a) Enforce provisions of the Forestry 
 
act _________________ 
 
________________________ Sec. 4 
 
(b) Serve as Secretary of the Board__ Sec. 2 
 
(c) Be custodian of the books, records and papers of said Board ________________Sec. 2 
 
(d) Perform all other duties that may 
 
be designated by the Board__________ Sec. 4 
 
VIII. 
 
To recommer:d to the Governor, forest land to be acquired, or the acceptance of gifts of land, to be: (a) Held and administered as: 
1 State forests _____________________________ Sec. 5 
2. Demonstrating the practical utility of timber culture _________ Sec. 5 
(b) To recommend to the Governor for appointment as Deputy Forest Wardens: 1 Sheriffs and Deputy Sheriffs____Sec. 8 2. Constables and marshals __________ Sec. 8 3. Farm demonstrators _______________ Sec. 8 4. Other persons who may be willing to serve WITHOUT COM PENSATION _________________Sec. 8 
 
IX. To meet: (a) Semi-annually in Atlanta ______________ Sec. 2 
(b) At such other times and places as may be designated by the Governor _____________________________________________. ____Sec. 2 
 
9 
 
 X. To perform such other duttes as may be imposed upon it by Law__ ______________ ________________Sec. 3 
Thus the Forestry Act of 1925 sets forth in brief terms the comprehensive program for the restoration of Georgia's forest resources. The State has approximately 23,000,000 acres of forest land. Any land that will show great er profits to the owner from the growzng of ttmber than from the ratszng of any other crop ts forest land 
 
Board Meetings 
The first meeting of the Board under the Administrative Act of 1925 was held in Atlanta September 25th, 1925. At this meeting the preliminary work of organizing, the election of an Executive Committee, authorizing them to complete the details of the organization and to recommend a State Forester, was taken up 
The second meeting was held on October 15th, 1925, when the State Forester was elected and directed to organize the office of the State Board of Forestry and to pro ceed with the performance of other duties prescribed by law The recommendation of the Executive Committee as to an organization chart, the appointment of Deputy Forest Wardens, the design for the badge of the Department, and many other details were approved. 
 
Organization Chart 
 
State Board of Forestry 
I 
State Forester 
 
II I I 
 
Education and 
 
Fire 
 
Nursery and 
 
Assistance 
 
Publicity 
 
Protection* 
 
distribution 
 
to 
 
of planting 
 
I 
 
stock 
 
private o1vners 
 
District Wardens 
 
or 
 
Rangers or Foresters 
 
State Forests 
 
II I 
 
Lookout 
 
Rangers o-r 
Patrolmen 
 
Local Wardens and 
Fire Crews 
 
*The above either independently or in cooperation with Counties or private owners who would share par.t of cost. 
 
10 
 
 The third and fourth meetings were held in the office of the Secretary of State in Atlanta on May 25th, 1926, and November 23rd, 1926, respectively 
Investigative work, under the Law, is rightly placed as a primary duty of the Board. In specifying that this shall cover the preservation of the forests, the effect of the destruction of the forests upon the general welfare of the State, and all other matters pertaining to forestry and tree growth, the Legislature included the entire field of technical forest research, statistical compilations and economic investigations bearing upon wood-using and forest industries and the interest of both the producer and the consumer of forest products. 
Fact Findmg Survey 
Before any definite forest policy could be inaugurated, it was necessary to secure definite information as to the real forest conditions in the State through a fact finding survey 
This survey included THE 161 COUNTIES IN GEORGIA, EACH OF WHICH WAS VISITED BY THE STATE FORESTER OR A MEMBER OF HIS STAFF, and the following data was gathered 
I. Facts about: 
(a) Area of forest land in each county; (b) 1 Condition of forest land, 
2. Kind of forest land (virgin, culled, cutover, idle); 
(c) The forest industries: (d) Cause of forest fires and the attitude of the 
local people; (e) Information on the number of fires and esti- 
mates of damage; (f) Forest activities under way; (g) Names of ti.mberland owners interested; (h) Native trees and some information on rate 
of growth; (i) Values. 
II. The work of the Forestry Department was explained to as many of the county officials, newspaper editors, timberland owners, lumbermen, naval stores operators, or dealers in forest products, and citizens as could be interviewed during the time allotted to each county, on these first visits. 
11 
 
 III. Literature containing information on forest fire damage, methods of control, State cooperation with private owner, and general forest information was left in each county 
IV A number of addresses were made before civic organizations, schools, clubs, and public gatherings. 
Georgia's Timber Production Reached Its Peak In 1909, But The Consumption Continues To Increase 
The large increased production of 1924-25, due to heavy demand, resulted in the cutting of smaller trees, and consequently poor quality of lumber of less value to both producer and consumer, making heavy inroads into the future supply 
 
1,342,249 M FT S.M. 
 
761,800 M FT B.M. 
 
'~205 599 M FT B.M. 
 
1909 
 
1920 
 
192.4- 
 
Forests under adequate fire protection will produce 
50 o/o more timber of the better quality for this ever-in- 
creasing demand. 
12 
 
 Results of the Survey 
The above survey shows that 
1 Georgia has 23,970,600 acres of forest land which represents 63.7-plus per cent of the entire area of the. State, (land not needed for agricultural or other purposes, and better suited for growing a crop of timber.) 
2. 4 7 Counties in Georgia have 60% or more of their area in forest land; 20 counties have 80% or more in forest land; 9 counties have 90% or more in forest land. The smallest per cent of any county in forest land is 12% 
3. Less than 1,000,000 acres of virgin timber land are left in Georgia. 
4. Approximately 9;ooo,ooo acres are supporting a 
second timber crop. 
5. More than 6,000,000 acres are idle and unproductive. EVERY COUNTY IN THE STATE HAS A PROPORTIONATE PART OF IDLE AND UNPRODUCTIVE LAND. 
6. In 1925 the production of 1 130 sawmills in Georgia was approximately 1,356,000,000 board feet of raw material, valued at $6,780,000, on the stump, with the finished product valued at $27,120,000. 
7 The present rate of consumption is more than 1,600,000,000 board feet, the value of the finished product being around $32,000,000. 
8. Georgia is an import State, about $5,000,000, going out of the State annually for forest products. 
9. The 23,000,000 acres of forest land in the State, properly managed and under adequate fire control, are capable of producing more than 7,000,000,000 board feet annually, worth approximately $40,000,000, on the stump (raw material) The finished product would be worth more than $140,000,000. 
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 10. Records show that there were 65 counties in Georgia producing naval stores in 1925, which included 581 operators with an average of 354 barrels of turpentine per operator, a toal of 6,185 crops worked (a crop is 10,000 boxes or cups). The turpentine industry furnished employment to 12,458 people. 
11 Approximately 15,000,000 acres of the forest area of the State is in the Pine belt. 
12. The income from Georgia's Naval Stores industry in 1926 was more than $23,000,000. 
13. Under adequate fire protection and proper forest management the income from Naval stores should be AT LEAST THREE TIMES the present amount. 
14. There is an enormous demand by the citizens of the State for specific information that is applicable to: (a) Individual forest problems; (b) Local forest conditions; (c) A specific forest region; (d) The State as a whole; (e) Particular forest industries; (f) Reforestation; (g) Marketing of forest products. 
15. There is vital need for research work in: (a) The lumber industry; (b) Naval Stores industry; (c) Forest fire damage; (d) Fungi and insect damage. 
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 Land Classification Data-By Counties 
 
Total Area 
 
Potential 
 
County ~------ 
 
o_!_Co~~ Fores.t _Land 
 
Appling 
 
------------------- 290,560 
 
Atkinson __ ----------------------- 211,200 
 
Bacon ________ ---------- ----- --------- 173,440 
 
Baker --- ----- -------------------------- 228,480 
 
Baldwin ____ ------------ ----------- 196,480 Banks _ ____ __ __ _____________________ 142,080 
 
Barrow ________ --- -- ---------------- -- 107,520 Bartow _____ _____________________ _ 301 ,440 
 
Ben Hill ___ --- -- --- ---------- -- 163,840 Berrien _____ _____ _____ ____ __ __ _ 320,000 Bibb _________ ________ _ _________ _ 177,280 
 
Bleckley ___ ------------------- -- 131,200 Brantley ___ ____________________ . __ 280,537 
 
Brooks ________ --------------- ------ -- 328,960 Bryan ______ _______ ___ __ _____________ _ 275,840 
 
Bulloch 
 
--------------  ------ 
 
Burke _______ ____ -- -------------- --- 
 
Butts _______ ____ -- ----------------- 
 
Calhoun ___ ______________________ 
 
427,520 611,840 
129,920 181,760 
 
Camden ___ _ -- ----------------------- 455,040 
 
Campbell 
 
___ _ ___________ _ 135,040 
 
Candler ___ -------------------- 
 
145,920 
 
Carroll _____ ____ -- --------------- _ 314,880 
 
Catoosa _ ------------------- ___ 108,160 
 
Charlton ___ ---------------------- --- - 563,840 
 
Chatham 
 
_ --------------- - _ 236,800 
 
Chattahoochee --------------------- 139,520 Chatooga ___ __ ___ ___ ______________ 209,920 
 
Cherokee ------------------------ -- 274,560 Clark ___ ______ ------------------------ 72,960 Clay ________ _ __ _ _ ________ __ ___ 129,920 
 
Clayton ____ -------- ------------------ 90,880 Clinch _____ ___ __ --------------- _____ 576,000 
Cobb _________ ______ ---- --------------- -- 225,920 
 
Coffee 
 
---------- -------------- - 404,480 
 
Colquitt ---------------------- ___ 338,560 
 
Columbia --------- -- ----------- _ 224,000 Cook __ __ ______ __ -------------------- 154,240 
 
Coweta ___ __ _ -------- -------------- 283,520 
 
Crawford _ ___ -- --------- ------ __ _ 204,160 Crisp _______ _________ ___ ----------- 177,280 Dade _______ __ __ _________________ ____ _ 119,040 
 
Dawson ____ ----- ---------- ------------ 138,240 Decatur _____ ------ -- ---------------- 526,720 DeKalb ______ --------- ------------- 174,080 Dodge _______ _____ ___ __ _____________ __ 275,840 
 
Dooly ___________ -------------------- 254,080 
Dougherty --------- ------ ------ --- __ 218,880 Douglas -------- ------------------ 133,120 Early ___ _ ___ ------- -------------------- 335,360 Echols ______ _____ ________ __________ __ 231,680 
 
Effingham _ ------------------------- 286,720 Elbert ________ __ ---- --------------- 231,040 
 
231,800 172,550 
137,437 140,985 109,508 
79,211 46,085 174,148 103,213 246,343 97,215 60,961 190,184 182,924 
244,058 263,411 330,471 
72,301 95,312 441,893 69,379 78,665 147,289 58,781 542,744 198,109 113,983 115,335 189,628 24,917 53,956 36,865 546,708 111,738 290,694 188,056 141 ,505 102,250 143,701 132,991 76,718 96,005 107,529 343,173 94,147 109,665 112,805 122,456 81,366 180,090 212,417 239,534 123,546 
 
Percent Forest Land 
80 82 79 62 56 56 42 58 63 77 55 46 67 56 88 63 54 56 53 97 51 54 47 54 91 84 81 55 69 34 42 40 95 49 72 56 63 66 51 65 43 81 74 65 54 71 44 56 61 54 92 84 53 
 
15 
 
 County 
 
Total Area of County_ 
 
Emanuel ______ --- --- ___ ____ _ ___ 488,960 
 
Evans ______________ _ 
 
183,680 
 
Fannin 
 
256,640 
 
Fayette Floyd _________ ----Forsyth _____ ________ __ 
 
149,760 321,280 158,080 
 
Franklin Fulton 
 
____________ .. 
 
178,560 118,400 
 
Gilmer Glascock 
 
281,600 ____________ _ 108,800 
 
Glynn Gordon Grady 
 
280,960 
 
_______________ _ 
 
240,000 
 
___________ . 284,160 
 
Greene 
 
266,240 
 
Gwinnett _____________________________ 281,600 
 
Habersham 
 
_______________ 185,600 
 
Hall Hancock ____ _____________ 
 
279,680 339,200 
 
Haralson 
 
181,760 
 
Harris ____________________________________ 320,640 
 
Hart Heard 
 
167,040 182,400 
 
Henry Houston 
 
____ ___ _____ 
 
207,360 374,400 
 
Irwin 
 
241,920 
 
Jackson 
 
227,200 
 
Jasper 
 
205,440 
 
Jeff Davis 
Jefferson Jenkins ________________ ______ 
 
192,000 
413,440 218,880 
 
Johnson 
 
186,880 
 
Jones Lamar _______ ___ ___ 
 
241,280 118,782 
 
Lanier Laurens 
 
123,428 515,840 
 
Lee 
 
208,640 
 
Liberty 
 
599,040 
 
Lincoln Long Lowndes 
 
186,240 244,598 ____________ ___ _ ________ 304,640 
 
Lumpkin 
 
179,200 
 
McDuffie ________ _______ _ ________ 183,680 
 
Mcintosh __ __________ _ 
 
300,800 
 
Macon 
 
236,160 
 
Madison 
 
181,760 
 
Marion Merriwether ____ ___ ____ _ 
 
230,400 317,440 
 
Miller Milton Mitchell 
 
. ______ 
 
161,920 92,800 
____ 350,720 
 
Monroe Montgomery ------------  _ 
 
373,760 121,600 
 
Morgan Murray ___ ______ __ 
 
249,600 218,880 
 
Muscogee __________ ___ 
 
150,400 
 
Newton 
 
167,680 
 
Oconee 
 
110,080 
 
16 
 
Potential Forest Land 
318,139 143,540 217,526 
83,415 182,092 
83,613 86,197 41,882 241,544 73,141 267,611 134,401 168,482 152,120 144,491 144,479 179,466 214,165 113,255 217,188 75,465 102,863 91,625 210,098 149,576 99,477 96,408 150,443 268,281 132,615 94,590 139,858 33,625 56,259 258,477 95,539 541,111 128,209 147,249 192,391 150,396 118,815 289,687 102,162 85,291 147,342 166,359 89,001 49,731 174,048 242,309 60,435 128,170 160,145 101,360 65,886 42,259 
 
Percent Forest Land 
65 78 85 56 57 53 48 35 86 67 95 56 59 57 51 78 64 
63 62 68 45 56 44 56 62 44 46 78 65 61 51 58 28 45 50 46 90 
69 60 63 84 65 96 43 47 64 52 
55 54 50 65 50 51 73 67 39 JS 
 
 County 
------- 
 
Total Area of County 
 
Oglethorpe 
 
322,560 
 
Paulding 
 
207,360 
 
Peach 
 
95,651 
 
Pickens 
 
147,840 
 
Pierce 
 
330,880 
 
Pike 
 
196,480 
 
Polk 
 
202,880 
 
Pulaski 
 
165,120 
 
Putnam 
 
231,040 
 
Quitman 
 
92,160 
 
Rabun 
 
241,280 
 
Randolph 
 
263,680 
 
Richmond 
 
204,160 
 
Rockdale 
 
76,160 
 
Schley 
 
98,560 
 
Screven __ 
 
508,160 
 
Seminole 
 
160,214 
 
Spalding 
 
133,760 
 
Stephenson 
 
106,240 
 
Stewart 
 
263,040 
 
Sumter 
 
291,840 
 
Talbot 
 
199,680 
 
Taliaferro 
 
135,680 
 
Tattnall 
 
298,240 
 
Taylm 
 
217,600 
 
Telfair 
 
238,720 
 
Terrell 
 
206,080 
 
Thomas 
 
339,200 
 
Tift 
 
155,520 
 
Toombs 
 
251,520 
 
Towns 
 
115,840 
 
Treutlen __ --------  - __ _ 
 
167,680 
 
Troup 
 
278,400 
 
Turner 
 
147,840 
 
Twiggs __ _ 
 
- ----- - ------- - 200,960 
 
Un con 
 
207,360 
 
Upson 
 
------- - ------ 202,880 
 
Walket Walton 
 
276,480 ________________ 211,840 
 
W 'are __ 
 
_____ _ ------- 493,440 
 
Warren __ __ --- - --- ----- 
 
258,560 
 
Washington 
 
428,160 
 
Wayne 
 
504,320 
 
Webster 
 
-- -- ----- --- --- 193,280 
 
Wheeler 
 
168,960 
 
White 
 
156,800 
 
Whitfield 
 
181 120 
 
Wilcox 
 
257,920 
 
Wilkes 
 
293,120 
 
Wilkinson 
 
- -- 302,080 
 
Worth 
 
416,640 
 
37,583,900 
 
P o tent:a( Forest Land 
196,637 128,447 
12,340 110,114 276,566 
80,906 118,130 
83,356 135,U86 
51,2.34 219,354 142,443 I i8,161 
30,122 413.673 353,55 1 54,833 51 105 69,918 L53,878 111,553 125,022 87,536 221,013 130,633 149,278 82,652 209,57::1 82,474 178,620 91,932 113,073 149,425 71,052 118,170 169,565 124,263 164,876 87,475 452,066 183,483 226,532 446,524 132,329 100,674 127 798 99,982 139,525 150,493 206,776 245,145 
 
Percer..t Forest L ;m d 
61 62 
~2 
7'J, 
83 41 58 50 58 56 91 54 58 40 49 70 34 38 66 58 38 63 65 14 60 63 41 62 53 71 79 67 54 48 54 82 61 60 41 92 71 53 88 69 60 82 55 54 51 68 59 
 
2 3 , 9 7 0 ,9 6 0 
 
63,75 
 
17 
 
 Summary of the Responsibilities of the Board The Sta t e Board is Responsibl e for 
I. Police powers sufficient to cooperate with the owners of 23,000,000 acres of forest land in Georgia 
that are in need of fire protection, or an adequate fire control system, to insure a second crop of timher without the expense of planting. 
II. Determining the effect that the destruction of the forest has on the general welfare of the State. 
III. Aiding, advising, assisting, cooperating with Georgia land owners in the cultivation and use of the third greatest natural resource of the State in such ways as will conserve the present supply and insure a permanent s~pply of timber. 
IV Assisting the forest industries in the closer utilization of the timber supply, determining improved methods of cutting, operating and marketing their output. 
V Establishing practical demonstration areas as examples of the proper methods of timber culture. 
VI. Collecting and putting in graphic form such forest facts as will bring about the proper appreciation in Georgia of the value of her forests and how they can be handled as a timber crop, so that the next generation will not be found with a timber shortage. 
VII. Encouraging the use of Georgia products by Georgans. 
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 Administration 
The inauguration of a State Forestry Department is distinctly a problem of administration. This problem involves 
I. The establishment of the office, with the necessary administrative, technical and clerical personnel, and securing a permanent office with technical and field equipment; 
II. Formulating a definite work plan which would be a safeguard against over-organization and an assurance that the projects undertaken were necessary to the proper development of Georgia's timher crop; 
III. Undertaking the work in such a way as to insure efficiency accuracy and economy in the expenditure of both effort and funds. The work of the Board, however, must lead the way in Forestry. 
The administrative duties have received most careful study and consideration. The activities undertaken by the Board are of invaluable assistance to the State. The policy of laying a broad and sure foundation has been followed from the beginning Projects have been initiated in those localities where the people were ready for them, and yet the entire State is being given the facts and information necessary to develop the proper knowledge and interest in the growing of a crop of timber 
The office of the State Board of Forestry was opened in the Chamber of Commerce Building, as the guest of the Georgia Forestry Association, because of the congested condition at the capitol, but in May, 1926, the Board moved to Room 334 in the Capitol. 
The personnel of the Department consists of the State Forester, the Director of Management, the Director of Education, and a Secretary The Director of Education is serving without compensation from the State. 
19 
 
 20 
 
 Education 
At the last meeting of the Board in 1H26 it was decided to begin definite work in Forestry Edueation. The need of more accurate knowledge of the many phases of this subject and the simple requirements for beginners is essential to a forest policy in Gt!orgia. The original Organization Chart of the Board provided for this, so now that results were being secured in the work of Protection and :Management, the Board made an allotment for educational work. Many other States have not only made their beginnings in forestry with purely educational methods, but some of the States continue to concentrate their efforts in this one field. The State of Mississippi recently enacted a forestry law under which the work is almost wholly deYoted to education in forestry, and Federal Funds, as well as State Appropriations, are thus wisely applied in that State for a Forest Policy 
Results are the aim of all business policies, although methods may vary In Georgia, the present generation of timberland owners are receiving first aid in forestry and the work of protection and management will continue to be developed as rapidly as funds and expediency will permit. In the meantime, the Director of Education has begun work for the future generation of Georgia timberland owners now in the public schools of the State. Realizing that this foundation work for permanent results in timber production and perpetuation should not be longer delayed, the Board approved an educational program for the boys and girls in High Schools and Grammar Grades which will give these future citizens a working knowledge of forestry by the time they must meet the problems of community builders and home makers. 
In order that this work could make progress simultaneously with the first aid and relief of our present timber situation and not hinder the gratifying results in cooperative protection and management, the Director of Education is serving without compensation from the State and the Board has welcomed the aid of civic organizations thru this channel. A plan of introducing forestry studies in the public schools without overloading the present curricula with new text books is being worked out co-operathely with the State Superintendent of Schools. The complete project will correlate forestry with lessons in history, english, arithmetic, etc., and finally the field work wi1l require specially trained instructors in forestry to at- 
21 
 
 tend teachers' institutes and visit schools for demonstrational help. Illustrated lectures, motion pictures, colored charts, maps and other equipment will be supplied as the work develops. The Georgia Forestry Association is continuing its cooperation to the limit of its capacity The Parent-Teacher Association and other organizations are interested and some of their representatives are now actively sharing some of the responsibilities of this educational work in forestry The Board has approved a prize essay contest now being conducted by the Georgia Forestry Association, and by the middle of April, 1927, 5,000 Forestry Primers will have been distributed to Georgia school teachers for use in this contest. The primers were furnished free by the American Tree Association and 10,000 additional copies will be distributed for this purpose 
The Board feels that the opening of this channel for private cooperation in educational work will undoubtedly help bring many consumers of wood to realize that forestry is everybody's problem. At the same time, the concentration of State and Federal funds available for forestry in Georgia may be more largely continued for immediate needs in proper protection and management of timbered areas and for the earliest possible rehabilita tion of cutover land and waste areas. 
22 
 
 Georgia's Fire Control Plan 1926-1927 
ORGANIZATION CHART 
State Board of Forestrr 
 
State Forester Assi.>tant State Forester in Charge of Protection 
 
Timber Protective Organizations and 
Individual Land Owner5 
 
I 
Deputy Forest Wardens 
 
I Ker lien 
 
County Protective Organizations 
 
Key :\len 
 
Deputy Forest Wardens 
 
Fire Bosses 
Organized Crews 
 
Fire Bosses 
I 
Organized Crews 
 
Organized Community 
 
2:3 
 
Communit~- 
Organized 
 
 Prevent forest fires here, and 
Prolong this industry (miles away) 
24 
 
 Forest Fire Prevention 
The Board recognizes the fact that forest tire is the greatest of all enemies to tree growth. The Legislature made this plain in the Law of 1925, and as an activity of the Board, Fire prevention ranks first. 
The facts about Georgia's forest fire condition were indefinite and incomplete. Many citizens of the State were interested and had made close observations. The estimates (based on such observations) of forest area burned over varied from 25% to 95 r~ depending upon the locality, and whether the weather conditions were favorable or unfavorable to forest fires during the season of high danger Many forest fires were never reported, nor was any effort made to suppress them. 
The need for organization, or group effort on the part of all land owners and citizens, with systematic fire prevention as well as fire suppression methods, was most obvious. The Law makes it the duty of the Board to provide 
such fire control. erther rndependently or rn cooperation wrth the Federal Government Pursuant to this mandate of the Law, the survey as outlined on Pages 11 to 14 of this report was made. From the information gathered, although very incomplete in detail, a definite idea that the paramount need of the State at this time was a definite fire control policy, either independently or in cooperation with counties and private owners, or jointly with the Federal Government in cooperation with the counties and private owners. 
Conditions necessitated a very broad policy as the foundation on which to build for the future, and as the facts became known, they, together with the experiences of other States under very similar conditions to those in Georgia, were used as a guide or basis for formulating the present fire control policy 
With the small amount of State funds available for the work, independent cooperation with the private owners was out of the question, but through the Federal Law, known as the Clarke-McNary Law, and Section 3 Paragraph 4 of the Forestry Act of 1925 of the Georgia Law a cooperative agreement between the Georgia Forestry Department and the United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, was entered into on October 25, 1925, and a limited amount of Federal Funds made avail- 
.,- able for cooperation with private owners. -::> 
 
 The National policy in forest fire cooperation recognized the Federal Financial responsibility as 25% of the cost of protection. The Board recognized 25% as the State's proportionate share in the cost of protection, with the re- 
maining 50 % to be borne by the owner This places the 
major portion of the burden of protection on the owner, who receives the greatest direct benefit or returns from the investment. But, forest fire control is of vital concern to both the State and the Nation, and is recognized by the people as a direct public responsibility 
Georgia's 23,000,000 acres of potential forest land, if protected from fire and handled under forest management, are capable of maintaining an industry that should contribute at least $75,000,000 annually to the wealth of the State. Probably 90% of this forest area will reforest itself, if fires are kept out. and the rate of growth will more than double that of the annually burned areas. 
With these principles clearly in mind, the Board's cooperative fire control policy includes both large and small owners and offers 
I. The aervice of the Chief of Protection in: (b) A fire protection ayatem, including both (a) Fire prevention work; patrol and lookout ayatema. (c) A reporting ayatem, including methoda and men; (d) Method of transportation to fires; (e) Necessary tools and equipment; (f) System of fire linea--how, what and where to construct them; (g) Training men in fire suppreuion work, such aa organizing crews, handling crews on fire, the beat method or way to attack, completing a job or being sure the fire ia out before leavin&'. 
II. The refund of from 25% to 40% of all money spent in fire prevention work, up to and including tOe per acre per annum, where there is a cooperative agreement between the organized owners and the State Board of Forestry. 
III. The expert advice, aid and auiatance of forest officers trained in this line of work. 
26 
 
 Cooperative Protection 
It would be impossible for the man in the city to pro teet his home but for cooperative effort. Every individual in the city detects and reports fires to the Fire Department, and this coordination of individual and collective effort give him protection. 
The timberland owner has greater obstacles to overcome. He has not the authority to enforce the law, or to secure aid in preventing and suppressing forest fires, and the cost of protection on a small area is relatively high. However, the organized effort of a group of timberland owners in close cooperation with the State offers the most economical and practical method of forest fire protection. The technical work and necessary supervision can be given by the State The estimated average cost of cooperative fire protection is 2 1-4c per acre per annum, or less than 7-10 of 1% of the income from Georgias forest land. The individual effort would cost at least four times as much as the cooperative work. 
Timber Protective Organization 
There are fourteen Timber Protective Organizations in Georgia. 
Any organized group of timberland owners representing 10,000 acres or more is called a Timber Protective Organization, and is eligible for State financial aid. The officers of the organization are a President, Vice President, Secretary and Treasurer, who serve without compensation and are elected by the members. The cooperative agreement is between the organization and the State Board of Forestry 
The members of the Timber Protective Organizations pay forest fire insurance at the rate of 2 1-2c to 3c per acre per annum. This fund pays the salaries of the patrolmen, whose specific duty it is to 
1. Prevent forest 6rea from tartiaJr on the organized 
area; 2. Suppress those 6rea which do start; 3. Build up the 6re department through personal con- 
tact, teaching and awakening the interest of the people living iD or around the organized area. Every land owner is eligible for membership in the organization. Each member receives the same degree of protection in proportion to his participation, e. g., those who pay the acre assessment receive patrol only where- 
27 
 
 as, those who go still further and construct fire lines, telephone lines, purchase tire fighting equipment, etc., are allowed to match these expenditures through the Timber Protective Organization against State and Federal funds. 
The records and books of the Timber Protective Organizations are kept by the Secretary and Treasurer and are open for audit by b9th State and Federal officers. 
The field work, etc., receives the supervision, advice and assistance of the State Forester and his staff 
So many owners want to cooperate with the State in protecting their forest lands. and some are spending as much as 35c per acre, that it necessitated the State Board fixing 10c per acre per annum as the maximum amount on which the Department would allow a refund. This amount is higher than was recommended in the beginning and can be materially reduced by efficient organization. 
Bulletin No. 1, which is for free distribution, explains in detail how the organization is perfected and operated. 
There are 14 Timber Protective Organizations under cooperative agreement with the State Board of Forestry, covering 1,355,270 acres. These organizations employ a total of 33 patrolmen for periods varying from four to twelve months in each year, and have constructed approximately 2,300 miles of fire line. Some organizations have purchased tire fighting tools and equipment and some have budgeted funds for the purchase of the steel lookout towers varying from 85 to 110 feet in height. 
County Plan 
Lnder the County Plan, cooperation is offered to the 42 counties in Georgia having county police organizations. Eleven of these counties, with a total forest area of 1,593,000 acres, have had their county police appointed as deputy forest wardens, and in this way haYe an acthe law-enforcing organization. The wardens thus appointed are instructed to carry on both fire preYention and suppression work. 
This gives us a total of 2,958,207 acres of forest land under organized fire protection in Georgia, which represents 12 3-4 7c of the entire forest area and this has been accomplished in less than eleven months time since cooperation was made available under the Forestry Act of 1925. 
28 
 
 Deputy Forest Wardens Section 8 of the Administrathe Act further authorizel:! the appointment by the GoYernor of Deputy Forc:;t \\ ardens . TO SERVE WITHOUT f'<HIPENSATION F'ROM THE STATE. There are 196 men in Gemgia who ha\e receiYed a commission from the Governor and a badge from the De partment which gives them authority to make arrest:; fDr infraction of the Forest Fire Law l\Iany of these are patrolmen employed by the Timber P1otective Organiz:Jtions, ""hile a large number a1e prominent men \'itally iuterested in Forestry and are seJ,ing ws <1 patrrot ic dut!.J t n 
Georyra 
Summary of Protection Work 
I. Every County visited by the State Forester or a member of his staff 
II. 2,958,207 Acres, or 12 3-4/t- of the forest area of the State under fire control system in 11 months time. 
III. 196 Deputy Forest Wardens, SERVING GEORGIA WITHOUT COMPENSATION FROM THE STATE. 
IV A definite fire control policy inaugurated. 
V Eleven counties with law enforcement organizations, without any additional expense to the County or to the State. 
VI. FOREST FIRE FACT FINDING SURVEY 
29 
 
 Unprotected and unproductive 
Protected and productive 
30 
 
 Fire Statistics 
Fire statistics in the past have been consenative, though incomplete. It is difficult to gather accurate information of this character without a protecthe organization. Estimates either of area burned or amount of damage by the untrained or inexperienced are subject to correction. In the same way, many fires are not reported. 
The drought of 1925 was the most serious in years. The forest fires which followed took an enormous toll. Only the actual damage could be estimated. Fire reports of 1925 were incomplete and exceedingly conse1Tative. :.\1any localities failed to report at all. 
The reports of 1926 from the protected areas are accurate and complete, but from the unorganized area, the data is still incomplete. The figures used are most consenathe. 
In the summer and fall of 1926 the drought, which extended onr middle and South Georgia, resulted in a larger acreage burned m thts regton than in 1925. 
The best information available for the unprotected areas and the investigations of the Board show the following data for the past two years 
 
Year 1925 1926 
 
Number 
of Fires 9,580 6,415 
 
Area Burned 2,200,000 acres 1.896,637 acres 
 
Total 
Actual Damage $5,101,058 3,406,476 
 
The figures given in the damage column above direct losses only The indirect damage, which cannot be measured by the dollar mark, are not included. These include ~otmg growth, fish and game, fertilizing values, erosion, influence on stream flow, recreational values, etc. 
 
31 
 
 Ar. Bunaed a,. a ..... 
 
Total area p~ tected by Tim- 
ber Protective Organization iD cooperation 
with State 
 
1926 
 
I Area Total Total 
Dec. 81; Number Area 
 
1926 1 Firea Burned 
 
f - -  - - - - - 
 
--~ ------   
 
980,000 
 
acres 
 
.006 
 
---- --+----...;.__---:=------:-!-----. 
 
Unprotected 
 
I 
 
or Unorganized 
 
I10,000,000 6,181 1,896,6871 -189 
 
acree I 
 
acrea I 
 
I 
 
NOTE ~: Entire forest area not included in reports. 
 
82 
 
 Management 
The Board is directed in the third paragraph, Section 3, of the Forestry Act to advise and cooperate with land owners and forest users. To facilitate carrying out thi"> provision an application form has been prepared and distributed. Many applications have been received and responded to. These applications indicate that land owners are coming to understand the value of systematic management and also the value of technical assistance in formulating a system of management. The advantage of this form of assistance onr general advice by publication~ are apparent, the advice is based on a study of the land and the locaf conditions, and the system of management recommended can be adapted to the local requirements. In this connection, attention is called to the nature of land ownership in Georgia. With the exception of the National Forests, a few acres that ha,e been given to the State, and a few tracts owned by institutions, the forest land;; of Georgia are in private ownership. They are owned by lumber and turpentine interests, mining interests, and farmers. 
The future timber and naval stores supply of the State depends on the extent to which these private owners put the principles of forestry into practise on their lands, as well as on the attitude of the State as expressed in its forest fire control policy Realizing the importance of encomaging private owners to put their lands under sy;;tematic management, the offer of assistance has been extended to all classes of owners. 
The Board has adopted the policy of requiring applicants to provide the travelling expenses incident to making the study and report that their applications call for but makes no charge for the time of the forester while making the examination and preparing the report. It is felt that the small amount paid by the owner is an earnest of his purpose to put into operation the advice sought. 
In addition to the individual advice referred to abo,e. several projects have been undertaken for the assistance of forest owners. 
A leaflet on the loblolly pine, based on original investigation in this State, has been printed and placed in the hands of many owners in the range of the loblolly pine. The manuscripts for similar leaflets on the shortleaf, slash, longleaf and white pines are under preparation and will be issued as soon as the necessary field \Vork can be completed. 
33 
 
 Stand of old field pine on a Georgia farm, at 17 years of age. There are more than 1900 trees to the acre. 
 
 Inside same stand. A moderate thinning furnished firewood, reduced the number of defective trees, and increased growth in diameter, height and volumn. 
 
 Before the creation of this Board, the present Director of Forest Management began an experiment to determine the response of young stands of second growth loblolly pine to thinning The Board has taken over this experiment, the Director of Management has re-measured the plots. repeated the thinning, and is preparing a progress bulletin for publication. This publication will place at the disposal of Georgia land owners information based on actual trial extending over a period of fifteen years. 
This trial shows that the removal of 23 '/c to 27' c of the 
medium and smaller trees from a young stand. or 15 ', to 18% of the volumn of the stand, has resulted in thriftier height growth, larger diameters, a volumn increase of 22% over the unthinned check plots, and a reduction of the fire risk. There was also an improvement in the quality of the timber, due to the elimination of limby and crooked trees. 
Some preliminary work has been done in thinning slash pine thickets to develop the trees for turpentining It is known that crowded during the younger stages reduces the value of slash pine as a turpentine producer, but the cost of thinning and the response of the trees will have to be determined by experiment. The preliminary work indicates that thickets of slash pine can be thinned when from 5 to 15 years old at an outlay of $1.50 or less per acre. 
Attention is called to the importance of such work as the experiments in thinning loblolly and slash pine. Many owners hesitate about embarking on a program of forestry because exact, dependable information is not available, and they haven't the time and technical training to get such information by private experimentation. 
The Board, acting under authority given in the third paragraph of the Forestry Act referred to abo\e, is rendering a service to land owners by undertaking such experimentation. The \alue of such work will increase as time goes on and its findings are applied to a largt scale. For example, the experiment in thinning loblolly pine shows that poles, firewood and pulpwood may in like condition be cut from young stands, and after producing these supplies the stands are in better shape to produce sawlogs later on, providing the cutting is done in accordance with the principles of forestry, and the application of this knowledge on a large scale will save the needless drain made by the production of poles, firewood and pulpwood, and even comert the drain into an increase. 
36 
 
 State Forests 
Section 5 of the Forestry Act of 1925 authorizes the Governor, upon recommendation of the Board, to acquire land by purchase. and to accept gifts of land to the State, the same to be administered by the Board as State Forests. 
Offers to donate land to the State as State Forests for practical demonstrational areas necessitated early action on this phase of the work of the Board, and a State Forest Policy It was evident that 
(a) A few acres scattered over the 161 counties of the State would necessitate prohibitive administration costs; 
(b) Any tract of land must be of value as a practical demonstrational area and of suf6cient size to form a workable unit and be accesible to the public; 
(c) The possibilities of the future purchase of additional acreage at a reasonable cost must be unusually good; 
(d) There is need of a demonstrational area in each forest recion of the State; 
(e) These areas should provide a practical demonstration of each phase of the many and varied forest activities. 
Vogel State Foreal Park 
In carrying out or applying the above fundamental principles, only one of three offers has been accepted to date. This offer by Pfister & Vogel Land Company, a Georgia Corporation with headquarters at Blairsville, Ga., owning some 65,000 acres in North Georgia and who have been practising forestry on this area for fifteen years, is located on the Appalachian Scenic Highway at and near Neel Gap in Union County The deed, which has been accepted by the Governor, and title approved by the Attorney General's office, has been prepared and recorded. It conveys a total of 16 acres to be administered as a State Forest. 
This gift includes Neel Gap, the highest point reached by a hard surfaced road in Georgia, and offers scenic views unequalled east of the Rocky Mountains. 
37 
 
 It also includes streams, mountain springs and waterfalls, and an ideal public camp ground. Here is the real opportunity to 
1. Demonstrate proper recreation and forestry; 2. Perpetuate for the education of future genP.ra- 
tions, a virgin hardwood forest, with mixed stands of hemlock, white pine. and other mountain species and shrubs. The top of Blood Mountain, the second highest peak in Georgia, is now owned by the State, and it is the controlling lookout point which overlooks millions of acres on the headwaters of the Chattahoochee and Coosa ri\ers, and a portion of the Tennessee River watershed. It also serves as a practical demonstration of forest fire detection, because, when connected by a two-mile trail from the Appalachian Scenic Highway at Nee! Gap, it will be the most accessible primary lookout point in the South. 
Nursery 
There is an enormous demand in Georgia for forest tree planting stock. Thousands of inquiries, seeking information and assistance in planting, have been handled by the Department. The only answer to this demand will be the establishment of a State Nursery growing only forest tree planting stock. 
The organization and administration work required, in addition to the activities in fire control, education and management, would gi\e the present personnel of the Department more than they could handle. The Board considered the above as major activities, and for this reason, together with the lack of funds, the Nursery has not yet been established. This, as well as the many other forest activities coming under the jurisdiction of the Board, must be carefully planned before work is started. 
38 
 
 Research Forest research is another distinctive service which the Department can render The great need of forest research work is felt. not only in Georgia, but throughout the entire United States. A few of the important projects are 
(a) Studies of fire damage in each of the eight forested regions of the State; 
(b) Rate of growth-by apeciea and region; (c) Thinninga-how, when, coat and profit; (d) Volumn and yield tables; (e) Fungi and insect control meaaurea; (f) The effect of annual burning on the spread 
of fungi and insecta; (g) Timber supply and improved methods of op- 
eration and utilization; (h) Naval Stores industry; 
1. Methods of chipping; 2. Depth and width of face; 3. Maximum production per acre from a 
given stand; 4. Utilization of products, especially rosin 
and ita unknown values; (i) Land classification survey, ao that every acre 
will produce the crop moat profitable to the owner. 
Before any of these projects can be undertaken by the Board, a most carefully considered and feasible plan must be worked out and necessary provision made so that the results will fill the most pressing need at that time. 
39 
 
 Native Trees 
The forest flora of Georgia is rich. The wide difference between the climate of the lowlands in the southern part of the State and of the highlands in the northern part, brings into the short compass of 320 miles most of the trees found from northern Florida to southern PennsylYania. The great variety in tree growth, while enriching the timber resources of the State, complicates our problems of silviculture, management and marketing Believing that the forestal practise of the State should rest on a full knowledge of the trees and their distribution, a compilation of the available information will be made, and this will be extended as rapidly as new information is obtained. Our work along this line has been facilitated by the work done by the Geological Survey in former years. The Geological Survey realized the importance of the State's forest resources years ago, and made an excellent collection of wood specimens which is on display at the Capitol where it is seen by hundreds of visitors durthe course of a year The informational value of this collection was enhanced by the distribution of maps made by Dr Roland M. Harper The collection would be still more interesting if specimens of the leaves, flowers and fruits accompanied the specimens of wood. 
The Director of Management has offered to donate his private collection of mounted specimens, and we are considering a way to place these on exhibition along with the specimens of wood. 
To convey an idea of the richness of the forest flora of Georgia, a list of trees found in the State is given below The trees that are considered to be of importance are printed in heavy type, and those represented in the collection are marked with an asterisk. In deciding what trees are important, two things were taken into consideration, the technical value of the wood and the abundance. For example. white pine, although it is not abundant, has high technical value, and the scrub pine, although it is a poor timber tree, was included on account of its wider range and growing use as pulpwood. It will be observed that there are 163 species on the whole list and that 53 of them are regarded as important. 
There is no State except Florida that has so large a number of species, and no State in the Union has so many that may be regarded as important timber trees. 
40 
 
 In preparing the list, the nomenclature of Sudworth's Check List of 1898 was followed except in the case of the basswoods, which are given as in the 1926 edition of Sargent's Manual, and the alder which is given in Gray's )lanual. 
Trees Found In Georgia 
WHITE PINE. PINUS STROBUS* LONGLEAF PINE.PINUS PALUSTRIS* SLASH PINE. PINUS CARIBAEA* LOBLOLLY PINE. PINUS TAEDA* Pitch pine. Pmus ngrda SHORTLEAF PINE, PINUS ECHINATA* Pond pme Prnus serotma* SCRUB PINE. PINUS VIRGIN/ANA* Spruce pine, Prnus glabra* Table Mountam pine Prnus pungens* HEMLOCK. TSUGA CANADENSIS* Carolma hemlock, Tsuga carolrmana* BALD CYPRESS, TAXODIUM DISTICHl'Al* \Vhtte cedar Chamaecyparrs thyordes RED CEDAR. JUNIPERUS VIRGINIAXA* T orrcy a. T unnon taxdolrum Cabbage palmetto, Saba! palmetto* :\loe-leaf yucca. Yucca alorfolw Butternut, Juglans crnerea BLACK WALNUT JUGLANS NIGRA* BITTERNUT HICKORY HICORIA Af!XIMA* \Vater h1ckory Hrcorra aquatrca* SHAGBARK HICKORY HICORIA OVATA* :VlOCKERNUT HICKORY HICORIA ALBA* PIGNUT HICKORY HICORIA GLABRA* Pale-leaf h1ckory Hrcorra l.)il/osa :Vlax myrtle lvlyrrca cerdera Corkwood. Lertnena f/orrdana BLACK wiLLOW SALIX NIGRA* Largetooth aspen, Pupulus grandrdentata SWAMP COTTONWOOD, POPULUS HETEROPHYLIA COTTONWOOD. POPULUS DELTOIDEA* RIVER BIRCH, BETULA NIGRA* Yellow buch. Betula lutea* Sweet birch, Betula lenta* :\lder Alnus rugosa* Hornbeam. Ostrya l)trgrmana* Blue beech. Carprnus carolrmana* BEECH. FAGUS ATROPINICEA* Chmquapin. Castanea pumila* 
41 
 
 CHESTNUT CASTANEA DENTATA* WHITE OAK. QUERCUS ALBA* POST OAK. QUERCUS MINOR* OVERCUP OAK. QUERCUS LYRATA* CHESTNUT OAK. QUERCUS PRINUS Swamp white oak, Quercus ptantanotdes* COW OAK. QUERCUS MICHAUXII LIVE OAK.QUERCUS VIRGIN/ANA* Myrtle oak, Quercus myrtifotta RED OAK, QUERCUS RUBRA* SCARLET OAK. QUERCUSCOCCINEA* YELLOW OAK. QUERCUS VELUTINA* Turkey Oak. Quercus catesbaei* SPANISH OAK. QUERCUS DIGITATA* Georgia oak. Quercus georgtana* Blackjack oak, Quercus marilandta* WATER OAK. QUERCUS NIGRA* Laurel oak, Quetcus launfotta* Blue-jack oak. Quercus brevdotta* Shingle oak. Quercus tmbncana* WILLOW OAK. QUERCUS PHELLOS* Red elm, Lumus serotma Slippery elm, Ulmus pubescens* White elm. Ulmus amencana* WING ELM. ULMUS ALATA* Planertree Planera aquttca* Hackberry Celtts occtdentalts* Sugarberry Celtis mtsstsstpptensts* RED MULBERRY MORUS RUBRA* Osage orange Toxylon pomtferum MAGNOLIA. MAGNOLIA GRAND/FLORA* Sweet magnoha. Magnotta glauca* Cucumber-tree Magnotta acumtnata* Largeleaf umbrella, Magnotta macrophylla* Fraser umbrella, Magnotta Magnotta fraseri* 
TULIP TREE. LIRIODENDRON TULIPIFERA* Papaw Astmtna tritoba* Red bay Persea borboma Swamp bay Persea pubescens* 
SASSAFRAS. SASSAFRAS SASSAFRAS* Witch hazel, Hamamelis vtrgtntana SWEET GUM. LIQUIDAMBAR STYRACIFLUA* SYCAMORE. PLATANUS OCCIDENTALIS Sweet crab. Pyrus coronana Narrowleaf crab, Pyrus augusttfotta* Servtceberry Amelanchter canadensis* Cockspur Crataegus crus-galli* 
42 
 
 Scarlet Haw Crataegus coccmea Pear haw Crataegus tomentosa Dotted haw Crataegus punctata Green haw, Crataegus virrdrs* Summer haw Crataegus aestivalrs* Parsley haw, Crataegus aprifolra* Wild plum, Prunus americana* Chickasaw plum, Prunus agustifolra Black sloe, Prunus umbellata* Choke cherry Prunus virgmiana 
BLACK CHERRY PRUNUS SEROTINA* Laurel Cherry Prunus carolmrana Chalky leucaena (Mrmosa. Leucaena pulverulenta Redbud, Cercrs canadensrs* HONEY LOCUST GLED/TSIA TRIACANTHOS* Water locus, Gledrtsra aquatrca* Yellowwood, Cladrastrs lutea* LOCUST ROBINIA PSEUDACACIA* Clammy locust, Robmra vrscosa* Prickly ash, Xanthoxylum Clava-herculrs* Hoptree, Ptelea trifoliata* Loblolly bay Gordonra lasranthus* Smooth sumach, Rhus glabra* Staghorn sumach, Rhus hrrta Dwarf sumach, Rhus copallma* Poison sumach, Rhus vernrx Ironwood, Cyrilla racemrflora Titi, Clrftonia Monophylla* 
AMERICAN HOLLY /LEX OPACA* Dahoon, /lex cassme Yaupon, /lex vomrtorra Deciduous holly /lex decrdua* Waahoo, Evonymus atropurpureus Sugar maple,Acer saccharum* SILVER MAPLE. ACER SACCHARINUM* RED MAPLE, ACER RUBRUM* Boxelder, Acer negundo* Buckeye, Aesculus glabra Yellow buckeye, Aesculus octandra* Wild china, Sapmdus margmatus Yellow buckthorn. Rhamnus carolmrana BASSWOOD 
Tilra Lrttoralrs 
TIL/A CAROLINIANA 
TIL/A HETEROPHYLLA* Tilra georgrana* Angelica-tree Aralra spinosa* 
43 
 
 DOGWOOD. CORNUS FLORIDA* Blue dogwood, Comus altemifolw* Blackgum, Nyssa sylvattca* WATERGUM. NYSSA BIFLORA* Sour tupelo, Nyssa ogeche* Cotton gum, Nyssa aquattca Tree huckleberry, Vaccmium arboreum* Andromeda, Andromeda ferruginea Sourwood, Oxydendrum arboreum* Mountain laurel. Kalmia latifolia* Rhododendron, Rhododendron maxtmum Catawba rhododendron, Rhododendron catawbrense Tough bumelia, Bumelta tenax Shittimwood, Bumelia lanugmosa* Buckthorn bumelia, Bumelia lyciotdes* PERSIMMON, DIOSPYROS VIRGIN/ANA* Sweetleaf, Symplocos tmctona Silverbell-tree, Mohrodendron carolmum* Snowdrop-tree, Mohrodendron dtpterum WHITE ASH. FRAXINUS AMERICANA RED ASH. FRAXINUS PENNSYLVANICA GREEN ASH. FRAXINUS LANCEOIATA* Water ash, Fraxmus carolmrana* Fringetree. Chtonanthus Vtrgmrca Devilwood, Osmanthus amencanus Catalpa, Catalpa catalpa* Fever tree, Pmckneya pubens* Sheepberry Viburnum lentago* Nannyberry Viburnum prumfolrum Rusty Nannyberry V ibumum rufotomentosttm* 
44 
 
 Financial Report 
 
Georgia State Board of Forestry 
 
In account with Atlanta & Lowry Xational Bank. 
 
FOR 1925, from Oct. 15th to Dec. 31st, inclusive: 
 
RECEIPTS From State From Fed. Gov. 
DISBURSEMENTS Salaries Supplies Printing Office expense 
 
$1,825.00 None $1,825.00 
 
. ............ $1,058.96 28.00 54.44 
159.75 
 
1,301.15 
 
Bal. on hand Dec. 3ht, 1925, (State funds) 
 
$ 523.85 
 
FOR 1926 
 
RECEIPTS From State . From Fed. Gov. Bal. from 1925 . 
 
$13,402.42 4,185.15 523.85 18,111.42 
 
DISBURSEMENTS 
 
Salaries 
 
$ 8,630.77 
 
Supplies . . .. 
 
1,733.59 
 
Printinc 
 
1,522.77 
 
Office expense . 
 
3,239.15 
 
Refunds to Timber Protective Orcaniza 
 
tiona . .. . .. ------------ 
 
---   - 
 
429.74 
 
$15,556.02 
 
Bal. on hand Dec. 31st, 1926, (Fed. funds) .. ... 
 
.$ 2,555.40 
 
The Board has strictly adhered to its policy of economy and efficiency in the use of funds. The citizen and the 
commonwealth have materially benefited from the appropriation allotted to forestry work in Georgia. 
 
45 
 
 Conclusions The magnitude of the work of this Department may be indicated by the fact that our consenative estimate ror adequate fire protection ultimately will be approximately $517.500, or 2 1-4c per acre on 23,000,000 acres 'd forest land in Georgia. The Forestry Board is not seeking an increase of pres:nt appropriations at this time, however, for the Board realizes _that the better plan of constructive policies based un a firm foundation can and should be developed gradually for highest efl'iciency and best results. The Board !weds more funds immediately, but Georgia's program of r'orest protection and management is now designed to accomplish the desired results through coordinated efforts ,~f pri,ate owners, the State and Federal aid which will l11ing permanent forest development. By taking a little longer time, Georgia can build slowly but surely The Board does submit for the consideration of the General .-\,;sembly at this time a "Forestry Contract Act" which -_,ould begin producing revenue within five years from ~uch private cut over forest lands as may be placed under cooperative agreements with the State, when tax values are standardized, over a period sufficient for maturing ne\v crops of timber If the General Assembly in its wisdom sees fit to enact this legislation into law, as a com}\anion measure with our present Administrati,e Act, the Forestry Board feels sure that the forestry work of Georgia will ultimately be self-supporting and this economic problem will be finally solved through perpetuation and proper use of forest resources. 
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 The deformity of this tree i~ due to thoughtlessness-cut with an axe when a sapling, by a careless hand. 
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 GEORGIA FORESTRY DEPARTMENT 
B. M. Lufburrow, State Forester 
Forest Area Map of Georgia. Showing forest land by counties, compiled from U. S. Census of 1920, State Tax Digests, and other sources. 
Black-Forest land. White-All other land. 
Figures in black areas: 1. Percent of forest land. 2. Acres in forest land. 
Figures in white areas: Total acres in county.