HALLOWEEN On Halloween, with spirits gay, The cat and the pumpkin dance away, As crickets play a lively tune Beneath the mellow harvest moon. The owl and the bat join in for fun, For this is the night when everyone Joins the parade with the fairies true. Jack-o-lantem will light the way If 'the moon behind a cloud should stray. So come along, we'll be waiting for you, Even the owl is calling, "Yoo-Hoo!" -Carolyn Lyons. '- . MISS A. MAY CLARK MRS. NELL A. GIBBONS THE SCHOOL HELPER VOLUME XXXIX CAVE SPRING, GEORGIA, OCTOBER, 1938 NUMBER 1 WE RECOGNIZE In the life of an institution various influences are recoqnized as contributing to the atmosphere which surrounds it. Sometimes these impulses come From individuals who have been in position to render exceptional services. Sometimes they are events that affect the destinies of the entire group for a long time to come. The HELPER will aattempt to recognize some of these vital forces in each issue during the year. MISS A. MAY CLARK 1912 to 1917 she has seen continuous service In I The SCHOOL is proud to recognize the senior member of the faculty of the Georgia School for the Deaf. Miss Clark became a member of the facu.lty ~n the fall of 1903 and has seen continued the institution since that time. Even in her childhood days she became interested in the deaf and their problems. Her home was in Fulton, Missouri, where the school for the deaf serVice sInce. of that state is located. Her uncle, the late D. C. Miss Clark is a native Georgian. She was born at Marshallville but her family moved to Ringold when she was a small child. Her father was a napio salesman and it was only natural that she should be interested in music. After graduating from Rome Female College, she took. special course in music at Shorter College, also at Rome. She taught a short while in primary work at Ringold, then in Rome taught art and music in the public McCue. was assistant superintendent of the Missouri school, and it was through him that she first became interested. After graduating at Christian College, Columbia, Missouri, she entered training for work with the deaf at Fulton. While training she served as substtitute teacher gaining valuable experience. T he first year after completing training she taught a private pupil living in the home of the deaf child's family in Durant, Oklahoma. shcools under the direction of Br. J. C. Harris, After teaching at the Georgia school for eight who later became superintendent of the school for years Miss Adams was married to Me. W. S. Gib- the deaf. In addition she played the organ at one' bons of Cave Spring. For several years he had been of the Rome churches. cn the staff of the school, later going into the ma- When she began to lose her hearing, she went to chinery business. He is now one of the leading im- the University of Tennessee and took some special plement dealers of northwest Georgia. Following work in art and shop work preparing herself for their wedding in 1912 Mr. and Mrs. Gibbons lived work at the Georgia School for the Deaf. She be- in Rome five years. Then came America's entry came a member of the faculty here in the fall of into the World War creating a shortage of work.ers 1903 and since that time has continued to be in the along all lines. The then superintendent, Mr. school and the community. In 1913 she moved Harris, induced her to again consider a place in the her home here and has maintained residence in our institution as her contribution in the emergency little city ever since. that existed. Among the classes that she has taught here are primary shop, carving, art and physical training. For thirty years she coached the girls' basketball teams, and during this period many outstanding teams were produced bringing much credit to the school. Several of her former pupils have found her courses in mechanical drawing very valuable to them, now being employed in engineering departments of large corporations. From time to time she has received many letters from them in appreciation of this training. The various activities throughout the year given by the students and faculty are made better by her enthusiastic cooperation. MRS. W. S. GIBBONS In 1904 Miss Nell Adams came to Georgia and Cave Spring' to follow her chosen profession of teaching the deaf. With the exception of the years Since that time her work has been continuous. It has been thirty-four years since she first came to the Cracker State to teach the deaf. She is now beginning her thirtieth year as a teacher here. She is one of only three of the present teachers who have served under three superintendents, the late W. O. Connor; J. C. Harris, now superintendent emeritus: and the present head of the institution, Mr. Hollingsworth. Hundreds of former students remember her affection. The HELPER is especially proud to note that for twenty years she served as its associate editor and is delighted to receive her back on the staff after a brief absence. For ten years she served as local reporter for the Atlanta Journal and for sometime she has been a reporter for the Rome-Tribune keeping the public informed of the happenings of Cave Spring and surrounding territory. She is a member of the board of stewards of the Cave Spring Methodist Church, and an officer of its missionary society. She has been active in many local, civic, and religious undertakings. Page Four THE SCHOOL HELPER October, 1938 THE SCHOOL HELPER All communications should be addressed to the School Helper, Cave Spring, Georgia. Published monthly during the school year in the Printing Department of the Georgia School for the Deaf. Entered at the Post Office at Cave Spring, Georga, as second class matter November, 1899. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided in Section 1103. Act of October 3, 1917. Authorized Octovel' 31, 1918. Subscription price is fifty cents for nine months. School for the Deaf has your child's interest at heart. We live with him, play with him, and look forward to the time when we can point with pride to your cI:-ild and say that we have had a part in his development. The Georgia School for the Deaf has every facility at hand to make a well-rounded, intergrative person of your child. Every teacher on the staff has been selected because of his C. H. HOLLINGSWORTH Roy G. PARKS Editor ex-officio or her interest in children and because of the . Editor special training which he or he possesses. ELL A. GrBBO S H. E. WOODRUFF BARTON CLARK Associate Editor Associate Editor Printing Instructor Statement of Purpose This magazine attempts to serve the interests of the Georgia School for the Deaf in the following respects: 1. As a project in printing. 2. As an organ of parental and public relations. 3. As a stimulus to better composition and reading among the pupils. 4. As a builder of school morale. 5. As a promoter of the welfare of the adult deaf of the state. All the supervisors and physical directors are as skilled in their field as the teachers in the classroom are in theirs. Our vocational department has well equipped shops in which your child may be trained in a profession suited to his or her capabilities. Our program would not be complete without taking into consideration the social and moral side of life. We believe we have a program of Co-Curricular activitie equaling, if not surpassing, any VOL. 39 OCTOBER, 1938 No. 1 school in the United States. Another advant- age which we enjoy in the small community An Open Letter in which the school is located is that the chil- !Jear Parents, dren become a part of the life of the com- In our anxiety and stress of sending our munity, thereby, understanding more clearly children away from home we sometimes let the hearing world of which they will soon be- our fears and imaginations take hold of us. come a part. We imagine our child is not being treated as Consider all the opportunities your child he should be, that perhaps other children are has and be thankful that the state of Georgia mistreating him, or that his teacher is not provides the facilitie to develop him and place in sympathy with him and is not exerting every him in society as an integral part of the world. effort for his progress and improvement. Rejoice in the fact that your child can and We wish to assure you that if you have any will take his part in society along with hun- uch fears for your child they are ungrounded. dreds of other boys and girls now in school. The school maintains a fine hospital with i May we have your wholehearted coopera- staff of doctors, who are specialists, and a re- tion in developing your child into an individual gistered nurse at all times. You will be noti- we will all be proud of? May we hear from fied immediately if your child becomes ill. you from time to time throughout the year? From time to time you will receive reports Yours truly, from his academic teacher, playground.direc- Roy G. Parks, Principal tor, and, if he is old enough, from his voca- tional teacher. We urge that you give these We are very much pleased to note many reports your earnest consideration. Weare trying to give you a picture of your child's needs, strengths and weaknesses, and it is through these reports we solicit your aid in developing your child to his highest poten- additions to our library since school closed. We have received a number of valuable book' from Mrs. M. M. Simmons, Mrs. George Stevens, Miss Anna Corry, Elise Sawyer and other friends. Mrs. ell Gibbons donated about a hundred and seventy beautiful and tialities. Our interest and affection for your child can not equal or surpass your love for him, but every teacher and employee of the Georgia v'aluable books with a handsome bookcase. This is indeed a gift of which we are especially proud. Mrs. Gibbons, a teacher in our school for many year, donated the books in memory of her mother.-H. C. Stevens. October, 1938 THE SCHOOL HELPER Page Five SUPERINTENDENT'S CORNER Keeping First Tbinlfs First that skilled and honest application The present Dean of Men and The combined forces of the present administration of the Georgia With vitalized leadership in instruction must be the major force in our progress march! Head Supervisor are both college bred young. men. They were idols on the Gallaudet College campus, School for the Deaf, the State Board of Public Welfare, all the state's educational administration and the friends of the education of the deaf in Georgia' have conspired the past year in the promulgation of plans looking to adequate housing facilities for the pupils of our school. That these efforts have borne fruit is evidenced by the fact that the buildings of the present plant are being modernized, fireproofed and otherwise made tenantable, safe and convenient for our use. The construction of a unit of the new building program is expected to get under way some time during the year. Anyone aC;ould be impractical te have sevet:al training centers for supervisors, why not have. one centerally located center in which a four year college level course in supervision would be given? Going one step farther, why not have every supervisor certified just as the teachers are' certified by the CONFERENCE OF EXECUTIVES OF AMERICAN SCHOOLS FOR THE DEAF?" Briefly speaking, the 'following suggestions ~re offered: (1) Place outside supervision on a much high- er plane; equal to that of the classroom and vocational departments. (2) Establish centers for training. supervisors. The courses to be offere{l to be similiar to those found in any of the large colleges or universities. .- , (3) Place supervisors on the same' monetary scale as teachers. . (4) Certify all supervisors just as the teachere are certified. WHAT DO YOU THINK? The editor has at last found 'perfe"ct huriting companions. The e'ditor and Mr. Caple, vocat;onal principal, had the pleasure of being the guests of Mr. and Mrs. W. M. Powell, of AIphreda, over the Thanksgjving holiqays. Messrs. Gleen and Atwood Powell proc~.eded to show the editor and Mr. Caple the art of bird hunting. hen the editor could find an dPPOl'tunity to shoot at the same bird as the aforementioned men, there was always .the same c. urteous reply, "1. am certain you killed the bird. I missed it a mile." I believe if I hented long enough with th'em, (would begin to believe them. - Mr. and Mr. Hassard of the 'California School for the Deaf stopped, by' for a ehori \'isit with the editor Sunday, November 1. Mr. and Mrs. Hassard were on their WllY. ba~k to s.'nny California. We regretted very much th at Mr. and Mrs. Hassard could'not stay long- er with us and see some of the school work. We say, "Come again, but stay longer next time." Page Four THE SCHOOL HELPER JUDY SAYS _ December, 1938 "The Sunny South" evidently refers to thf! sunny smile the people of the South possess rather than to the climatic conditions. THE moral, social and physical sides of life in school are just as important as the academic and vocational sides. The opportune time to begin teaching these aspects of life is at birth. I think that every deaf boy and girl should have the opportunity to come in contact with and become acquainted with as many normal children as possible. It is the responsibility of the teacher to see that such contacts are made. The Georgia School for the Deaf has a basketball team that is about ready to take on any of the better teams in the country. Coaches Tollefson and Drake must given the boys "a shot in the arm." In a recent article by Roy J. Stewart in the American Deaf Citizen entitled, "Them Was Real Football Days at Gallaudet," he spoke of an argument between John Wurdemenn and Louis Pucci as to which was the greater team, the 1924 team or the 1930 team. There can be no doubt as to which was the greater team. Review the schedule and then compare the two teams. I believe the opening game with St. Johns was a scoreless tie or almost a tie; the score between Maryland and Gallaudet was 14-7 (the referee stole the game ask Monaghan) ; 'the score with rfemple (the home of Pop Warner) 28-7 (another bad official) and I think the game with Washington College ended in a victory for Gallaudet with a score of 57-0 or something like that, (Gallaudet had a good referee that Saturday.) Oh yes, almost forgot the game with Susquehanna University which Gallaudet won 14 to 7. Monaghan will remember that game very well. After the season the team voted that it was the greatest team that Gallaudet ever had or ever would have, and who could dispute an unanimous vote? No, there ain't ever been a good football player since the time of Ringle, Marshall, Johnson, Zieske, Wurdemann and the greatest end of them all, Monaghan. Woe iF; me! Don't quote me, but I have heard that the boys were hot! Perhaps I don't read enough but this is the first explanation of The American's Creed I have seen. THE AMERICAN'S CREED The complete proceedings in regard to the official acceptance of "The American's Creed," on April 6, 1918, may be found in the Congressional Record, 56th Congress, 2nd Session (April 13, 1918), from which is taken the following explanation of the doctrinal origin of "The Creed": "[ believe in the United States of America"-the first clause-is from the preamble to the Constitution of the United States; that the second clause- "A government of the people, by the people, for the people"-is from the preamble to the Constit tion of the United States, Daniel Webster's speech in the Senate of January 26, 1830, and Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg speech. "Whose just powers are derived from the consent of the 'governed"-is from the Declaration of Independence. "A democracy in a republic"-is in substance from No. 10 of the Federalist, by Madison, and Article X of the amendment of the Constitution cf the United States. "A sovereign nation of many sovereign states"from "E pluribus unum," the great seal of the United States, and Article IV of the Constitution of the United States. "A perfect union"-goes back to the preamble /0 the Constitution. "One and inseparable"-Webster's speech in the SE'nate of January 26, 1830. "Established upon those principles of freedom, equality, justice, and humanity"-from the Declaration of Independence. "For which American patriots sacrificed their lives and fortunes"-from the Declaration of Independence and Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. "J therefore believe it is my duty to my COuntry /0 love it"-in substance from Edward Everi?tt Hale, The Man Without a Country. "To support its Constitution"-from the oath of allegiance, section 1757 ofthe Revised Statutes 01 the United States. "To respect its flag"-the national anthem, The Slar-Spanled Banner: Army and Navy Regulattions; War Department circular on Flag Etiquette, April 14, 19 17. "And to defend it against all enemies"-from the oath of allegiance, section 1757, of the Revised Statutes of the United States.-Congressional Record. Vol. 56, Appendix, p. 287. -The Phi Delta Kappan. December, 1938 THE SCHOOL HELPER SUPERINTENDENT'S CORNER Page Five Signs of The past decade cation for the deaf in the light of Gallaudet' The Time has seen more new building programs. .either completed or under construc- the whole aspect. The very nature of the problem. together with the fact that in most states there is Training D rt t epa .men The November is- sue of the Illinois Advance carried a reprint from the tion, among the schools for the only one schooL makes of the Iowa Hawkeye of a very interestdeaf in the United States than has whole a composite unit. Each ing article, "Gallaudet College been witnessed in any similar peri- school is bound to the other in so Offers Opportunities." od of time since Thomas Hopkins far as a national advance of the Perhaps a cut of the normal Gallaudet established the first system is concerned. In prospec- class in the last issue of Just Once schoo 1 at Hartford in 1817. That tus the separate schools are indivi- A M onrh, helps to remind us of there has been a corresponding dualistic to a fault. In most schools the fact that the normal depart- growth in methods of instruction scin tilating performances in some ment can claim a place in any and in our philosophy of educa- phases of their progress endeavors article on opportunities at Gallau- tion can not be gainsaid. Yet. pro- can be observed. Yet. the average det. We are calling attention to phetically speaking. we believe this school is sadly lacking in so far as this omission. not necessarily an phenomenal growth is presaging being a live supporting unit in the essential part of the before menchallenging new thought and new aggregate whole. As before sug- tioned article, but yet. a depart- developments that will shake the gested, the very nature of the com- ment of the college of equal pride- old order to its foundation. mon problem demands a similar ful interest to both the deaf and This prophecy can not be construed as prediciting a radical upheavaL or even a sudden revolution in our school affairs. In fact, it is not a prophecy in its true sense, but a simple prediction based primarily on the faith we have in the educational foundation on which we stand. and the progressive and educational minded ness of the guiding personnel of America's schools for the deaf. It is believed the leaders in our field. combined with outside educational interests, will conspire to promote these special education problems in a manner affording a more unified program and a more equalized opportunity for all the deaf children in all the states. and cooperative solution. That some centralized control to unify the general program is of paramount need can not be easily denied. Can we say there is a national program when no two Or three states can combine as a unit on a standard course of study and a uniform testing program? Or, has there ever been devised testing material intended for and wholly adaptable to our use as a means of measuring the deaf boy or girl? Can individualistic procedure be correct when there is no common measuring stick to define the progress of the individual schools and for making scientific comparative analyses? Can we claim a national program when there is no na- the hearing, In 1891 the Normal Department was established at Gallaudet offering opportunities each year for six young people. who were graduates of approved colleges or universities. to be trained as teachers. A M, A. degree is awarded those successfully completing this course, It is interesting to note that this normal course was the first one accepted as an accredited course by the Conference of Executives of the American Schools for the Deaf. An attractive feature of this normal course is the fact that the breadth and comprehensiveness of the training offered is particularil y beneficial to those aspiring to rise Too much credit can not be tionaL or sectional, accrediting to executive positions in their given the worthy effort of the agency cloaked with authorized chosen profession. noble pioneers foundation for who laid a real the building of a power to establish standards to guide the schools in their and per- More than twenty-five graduates from this department are now system for educating the deaf of formances to these standards? heading various schools for the our land. Nor, can we fail to recognize the indelible imprint of the "force of experience" that must ever be a guiding factor in any progress march. BUtt, the challenge to this generation is; are we wholly keeping the faith? Are we continuing this educational structure in the light of an ever evolving social order under a democracy? Can we even boast of a national system. coherent, objective, and definitely guided on a chartered course? It seemingly would be difficult for us to justify the continuation of the present "crazy quilt" pattern of our state schools. With all the perplexities involved, and there are many. the whole machinery of the education of the deaf must surely gear itself in an educational pattern thoroughly harmonizing with the demands of this age for organized standardization. Mayhap, the inevitabe solution is national legislation shaped to unify. equalize, and coordinate the deaf, A corresponding greater number are in executive positions as principals. It has been our good opportunity to play a part in elevating two graduates of this Normal training Department to executive positions in the past two years, There has also been added to our faculty at the Georgia School during the same interval three deaf people who graduated from the collegiate department of Gallaudet. The normals at this institution in Washington. D. C. For a true picture one must educational endeavors of the state also have the distinct advantage, study the developments of the edu- schools for thr draf. (Continued on Page Eleven) Page Six THE SCHOOL HELPER December, 1938 Dear Parents: Christmas holidays begin December 22. Parents coming after their children may get them after noon Wednesday, December 21. The regular transportation facilities which must be accepted by all children, whose parents do not call for them, or who have other approved travel arrangments will be on a train arriving in Atlanta about 10 :00 A. M. Thursday, December 22. Supervisors and attendants will accompany this group and see that all are properly distributed from this point. The return trip to school will be made January 2. Attendants will again meet all the children in Atlanta. They must have a ticket through to Rome and 25 cents for bus fare on to Cave Spring. Please do not not let your child miss this return schedule. Many of you are looking forward to a happy reunion with your boy or girl during the Christmas Holidays. Other parents because of shortness of the vacation period, distance to travel etc., will leave their children here at the school for the holidays. In either event, let us make the most of the opportunity and responsibility that is ours. You who are sending for your children to .come home by train or bus see that they have the proper fare ~nd. all directions furnished you are explicitly followed. Have them properly clothed for the journey and during the time that they are home exercise all necessary precautions in that colds, over-eating and exposure to contagiouS' diseases are carefully guarded against. Remember that any exposure that your child is subjected to not only endangers your child but all the group who return to school. If you could witness the little epidemic of sickness which usually follows the Christmas vacation period, you would know what I am talking about. Often it is nothing more than bad colds, but even that is something to vigilantly guard against. There is much damage incurred even with an epidemic of common colds. To you who will leave your boys and girls at school,.I wish to assure you the best of care for your children; Christmas parties, Santa Claus, presents, and as happy and homelike an atmosphere as loving and attentive teachers and supervisors can provide. Here's wishing all you parents and your children a very happy and healthful Christ-- mas Season. Very sincerely, C. H. Hollingsworth, Superintendent . Thanks A vote of thanks is due Mr. Maxwell, assistant editor of the Rome News, for the consideration given to the staff of the "Little Cracker", also for the write up which appeared in the Rome News.-R. G. P. Cover The multi-colored illustration on our cover involved a great deal of experience a,nd information for our pupils who are learning the printing trade. Weare grateful to McArthur-Huggins Company for permitting us to use the plates. No little credit is due Mr. Ross Johnson who made it possible for us to borrow'the plates. His name is mentioned elsewhere in this issue. -B. C. Although somewhat late, the School Helper wishes to take this opportunity to thank the Atlanta Journal for the cut of Mr. Irby Marchman which appeared in the November issue. The Journal has shown a fine spirit of cooperation which we are very thankful.-R. G. P. The word "institution" has caused more hardship as far as the teaching of the deaf is concerned than almost any other word. It is a far more objectionable word than llisions on blind corners. In addition to these we received a large and excellent likeness of Mrs. Ellen G. Fisher, the deaf PURPOSE OF EDUCATION Is not to save us from work, but to teach us to work well. Floyd County will pave the woman in whose honor the library Is not to give us thoughts, but road leading from the school and was named. This picture was the to teach us to think. the road in front bordering the gift of Mrs. Bayard Wootten of Is not to give us facts, but to swimming pool. Drives on the Chapel HilL North Carolina. teach us to recognize them. grounds will also be hard surfaced Mrs. Wootten, as Miss Bayard Is not to fill us with knowledge, by the county. Increased and im- Morgan, was once a teacher of de- but to teach us how and where we proved facilities will mean greater corative art in our school. She is can readily find out just what in- usefulness. now nationally known as an art- formation on any subject we need ist-photographer and illustrator of and when we need it. CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES (Continued from Page Eight) books and is considered one of the Is not to mold the character of finest in America. Her handsome pupils according to one set model, donation is highly appreciated and but to develop them to make the huts out of logs. We want to will be given a place of honor in best possible use of their special build a campfire ring, too. We our library. aptitudes and talents. . shall appreciate the help of any- Mrs. Ruth Shackleford Harts- -The CanadIan. Page Twelue THE SCHOOL HELPER PUPILS' LOCAL NEWS January, 1939 Dorothy Higgins saw a gray Virginia Giles wears her new Elaine Pannal has a real watch, and white kitten Thursday morn- bracelet every day. a pretty doll house, and some mg. Thelma Halloway has two new skates. Jewell Wilson went to town dresses. Sa nta Cia us was good to Vera Thursday afternoon. She bought Mary Godwin got a manicure Reeder. He brought her many some candy. set for Christmas. things. . William Bell and Earl Webster Ronnie White is a new pupil in Marvin Harrel had a good time played basketball Thursday night. Mrs. Ware's room. at Christmas. He rode on Prince, They had a good time. Walter Johnson has some mo- his pony, almost every day. Walter McCord went to town ney. Jackie Hallman went to the Wednesday afternoon. He bought Santa bought F. B. Smith and movies almost every day during a coca cola and some candy. Lindbergh Armour toy pistols. the Christmas holidays. Charles Stokes is in Mrs. Carlos Redden likes to ride on Annie Lou Ison got a new Clark's class. the bus. watch for Christmas. It is a real Billy Rose, Hulet Hawkins, and Tommie Beard is in the hos- one. Billy Adams played ball Thurs- pital. Eloise Brent got three dolls for day afternoon. Bonnie McIntyre has a new Christmas. One is a Charlie Mc- Hope Ellis swept Mrs. Clark's blue dress. Carthy doll. schoolroom Wednesday afternoon. A. D. Ray and Herbert Fuqua Carlton Huff's brother was John Green worked in the shop have not come back to school. killed by a truck in December. We Thursday afternoon. He made a Patsy Baker and Evelyn Robin- are sorry for Carlton. book shelf. son ha ve new dolls. James Galloway got some new John Holbrook watched some Rhunette Fallin has a new gloves, a tie, a sweater, a book, and boys playing basketball Thursday bracelet. other nice things for Christmas. afternoon. Herbert White has a new over- Olin Patten got a Boy Scout Louise Calloway went to Rome Wednesday morning. Billie Ethridge got a bicycle for Christmas. Lloyd Newton went to Atlanta Christmas. Grace Sharp has new glasses. Carolyn Gunnells has a new green and white dress. Bobby Davis has two knives. CI yde Crook has a pretty new tie. ~onnie Craig has a new tic, too. Oran Price has a new handkerchief. Hulet Hawkins's family moved coat. Mrs. Kennard gave Wilda Maulden a small Christmas tree December 27. Santa Claus gave Vinton Troup a small car. Duwayne Dukes bought some candy January 6. Edna Pope received a letter from her mother one day in December. Ruth Owens has a ring. John Barnett likes to draw airplanes. Bobby Gorman has a new tie. Lester Smith has a ball. Ralph Gentry has a red pencil. suit and some skates. He had a fine time at horne. James Sharpton got a tie, some toy handcuffs, a football, a scarf, and a set of tools. He liked all the things he got. Sue Brannan's Aunt Sue gave her a cute dress. Her father gave her a permanent wave. Her hair looks very pretty. Santa Claus brought J. C. Ison some trousers, a red wagon, and some other toys. Clarence Highfield got a red wagon, too. He, also, got a sweater, a jacket, a belt, some gloves, and a cap. to Hazlehurst last month. John Pate and Howard 0'- Beth Noblitt got a pretty doll. Mack Padgett's mother is better. Quinn went horne for the Christ- She likes to play with it. She carne home from the hospital mas holidays. George Vaughn has not come December ninth. We are glad to have R. T. and back to school yet. We miss him Robby Rose got a tennis racket Tarver Holmes in Mrs. Shipley's and hope that he will Soon corne. for Christmas. class. F.rances Hoy got a new bicycle Brinkley Smith got a watch for Nell Smith got a letter Tues- Chnstmas. She rode it almost Christmas. day. A big boy gave Billy Hayes all the time she was at horne. Ned Palmer's father and moth- some money Wednesday. Junior Culberson went hunting er gaVE:: him a kodak on his birth- Mary Roberts went to town with his father December 28. He day. yesterda y. She bought two bal- was disappointed because they did Roscoe Singletary is in Mrs. loons and some candy. not kill anything. He had a good Arnold's class. . Miss Brown gave Bud Little time at horne. Frank Tyndall got a bow and and Charles Allison some peanuts. While Grady Carlisle was at arrow for Christmas. Pauline Childers has a big doll. horne, he set his rabbit trap and Mattie O'Dell got a bracelet, Janie Elder has a black comb. caught two big rabbits. He and a ring, and a pin from Santa J. W. Mock has a black coat. his brother dressed them. They Claus. Her aunt sent her two Dale White has a sore leg. We sold one and his mother cooked dresses. are sorry. the other. ADMINISTRATION E. D. Rivers Governor State Board of Public Welfare Lamar Murdaugh Director Dr. C. J. Welborn,Director, Div.of Institutions In cooperation with Floyd Counb Board of Education J. Scott Davis A. . Swain Chairman County Sup't of Schools Administration C. H. Hollingsworth, M. A Superintendent J. C. Harris, M. A. . Sup't Emeritus Janice R. Caple John L. Caple Mildred Miller Otis Grimes Secretary Steward Storeroom Clerk Storekeeper OFFICERS AND TEACHERS Academic Roy G. Parks. M. A Principal Marie Kennard,B.S. Supervisor,Primary Dept. Julia L. Arnold Edythe D. Montgomery Gladys E. Carpentel Charlotte Reynolds, B.S. Katherine Casey Ila Sewell, A. B. Pauline N. Casey Carolyn M. Shipley Gladys B. Clark Jessie Stevens Edith Fitzgerald, M.A. Olaf Tollefson, B. A. Ruth Forbes Sarah F. Ware ell A. Gibbons Rosalee E. Welles Jessie F. Jones John Welles Juliet McDermott Allie S. Woodruff Harriet C. Stevens, A. B., Librarian Vocational John L. Caple Principal A. May Clark Doris Mann, B.S.H.E. Barton Clark, B. A. J. R. Ware William McCanless Cecil White Annie McDaniel H. E. Woodruff, B.S.A. Phyaical Education Sarah F. Ware Director of Girls Race Drake, B. A Director of Boys Medical J. C. Connor, M. D General Practitioner W. S. Watson, D. D. S Dentist Ralph McCord, M. D. . Otologist Lillie Mae Wood,R. N Nune Houaehold Lela H. Barnett Matron of Dormitories Esther G. Curry Elise Sawyer Supervisor Supervisor Annie D. Dickerson Director of Laundry Olaf Tollefson, B. A Race Drake, B. A Connor Dillard Dean of Boys Head Supervisor Supervisor Everett Ryle Luella Brown Barber and Janitor Supervisor of Small Boys Mytrice Walker Assistant Ruby D. Perry Dining-room Matron J. A. Elrod.............. ight Watchman Maintenance John L Caple Engineer C. H. Chapman Mechanic Capers Baxter Fireman Calvin Holman Fireman D. S. Peck Plumber H. E. Woodruff Farm Manager Jim Baker Yardman William Stewart Farmer Harvey Wilson Dairyman J. F. Morgan Carpenter J. D. Rice Estelle G. Rice Wilamenia Benton Annie Mae Bostick School for the Colored Principal Teacher Teacher Teacher Bertie London Rosalie Moore Clyde Turner Cynthia Strange Seamstrelll Matron Boys' Supervisor Girla' Supervilor '- . SCHOOL H E L PER VOL. 39 FEBRUARY. 1939 No.5 C. H. HOLLINGSWORTH ROY G. PARKS NELL A. GIBBONS H. E. WOODRUFF BARTON CLARK Editor ex-officio Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Printing Instructor IN THIS ISSUE I\ECOGNITION "THE STORY OF MY LIFE" Harriet C. Stevens Annie M cDanieL_______ __ _ _ . 3 _ 11 l\CROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK 4 j\MONG THE STAFF . 5 SUPERINTENDENTS CORNER . 6 GEORGIA L .______________________ 7 CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES 8 PUPlL'S LOCALS I0 \ OCATIONAL SECTION . 12 All communications should be addressed to the School Helper, Cave Spring, Georgia. Published monthly during the school year in the Printing Department of the Georgia School for the Deaf. Entered at the Post Office at Cave Spring, Georgia, as second class matter Iovember, 1899. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided in Section 103. Act of October 3, 1917. Authorized October 31, 1918. Subscription price is fifty cents for nine months. HARRIET C. STEVENS A IE McDA IEL February, 1939 Page Three THE STORY OF MY LIFE Harriet Connor Stevens In asking me to write a brief story of my life, the editor has given me a rather tough job. I suppose, however, that were I to hold fast to the main highway, and just state the bare facts, the story would be almost too brief to please even the editor. It would run something like this: "I was born here in Cave Spring, once upon a time, grew up here, and by the grace of God, or a streak of luck-good or bad as you will- I JID still here. "That is about all there is to the story of my life on its main highway. But that would skip the detours. If I were to string out these detours, they would fill the entire issue. So you see how up a tree I am. Well, the editor has wished it on himself, and he will gladly bear the responsibility if the brevity problem doesn't click. The detours scattered along my life's highway do not belong in that nuisance heap to which we are wont to relegate all detours. In fact they are the most pleasant features of the entire drive, each cne of them bringing back so vividly memories of things that happened in the long ago. I think Mammy would express it, perhaps, better than I: "Hit sho' is scrumptious, honey, whenever I gits to rumina tin' bout what me an' de deaf chil'en usen to do." This being true, I guess if I am to have any story at all it must take in the whole road with at least a few oJ its most passable detours. So here goes: Detour I. My Earliest friends. My father had been connected with the Georgia School for the Deaf for many years before I was born, and although I was not born in the school-the superintendent's family at that time residing in town-my earliest companions were the deaf children. I guess I must have been born with a knowledge of the sign language, because I can remember when I was sixteen months old-believe it or not-but rack my brain as I may, I cannot remember when I first began ro sign. I can well recall, however, the hours I. struggled over the manual alphabet. Lying flat on my stomach, with the alphabet page in an old school report spread out before me, I puzzled along, making my nurse puzzle with me, until I could fashion with my tiny fingers every letter on that page. I was four years old. I had already learned to read in the old blue back speller, so I now began to spell on my fingers all those simple words I had learned. It was a laborious task but I did not give up. One night when I was about five, I astonished the family at the supper table by beginning at a and making all of the letters of the alphabet straight throngh to z without a bobble. It was mine at last. I also recall that after supper I drove my mother almost to distraction by spelling the names of everything in the house. I now had a new accomplishment, and I was putting it into use. Long, long ago it ceased to be a new accomplishment, but I am still putting it into use, and I hope to contin ue to do so till my fingers refuse to wiggle. Detour 2. We Move In. With the upheaval of 1876, when the post of steward was abolished, necessitating the residence of the superintendent in the school. I experienced a real thrill. We were going to move. What a lark. Too small to realize what giving up our home meant, I could not understand the tears in my mother's eyes as she saw our things being hauled away from this same loved spot where I live today. The important bustle of changing abodes seemed too much fun to make one sad. Thus early in 1877 we all came to live in the school. There were five of us and we had one room the small room now occupied by Superintendent Hollingsworth as a private office. Our immense double bed, old fashioned trundlebed and cradle, to say nothing of wardrobe, bureau, washstand, and several sets of book shelves, made a rather crowded condition after living in a big house, but that one room was our only home for years. 3. Detour Move Again. With the coming of a new baby, I had to move out lock, stock and barrel to make room for the i'ncrease in our famil y. I gathered up my belongings and carried them upstairs. I was going to live with the deaf girls. Some of those same girls living today will remember. I hadn't been in my new home very long before I was struck forcibly between the eyes with a breath-taking inspiration. I lost no time in seeking out my father and insisting that if I was really going to live with the deaf girls, I should by all means be allowed to wear their uniform and eat at their table. I shall never forget how his gray eyes twinkled with amusement as he gave his hearty approval. "Go r'ight ahead, my dear, and also see that you wash dishes, sweep the floors and make up your own bed as they do." My feathers fell. I had not thought of this phase. I could wash dishes, though, and on a pinch I could sweep a floor, but a bed. I had never made up a bed in my life and hadn't the slightest idea how to start. I was game, however, and determined to try. I was very proud of the new uniform my mother made for me, and decided that the privilege of wearing it could be a full compensation for whatever went with it. Miss Bean Summers had full charge of the girls' dormitory. Now, anybody who knew Mis Bean will tell you that she could stand flatfooted at the sides of a single bed and, with one broad sweep of her keen eyes, literall y box the compass with the wrinkles on that bed after you had pronounced it a perfect job. When Miss Bean put out fresh sheets. I knew better than to risk a wrinkle anywhere, because, according to her own words. "If you do, as sure as God made little apples, you'll have to fix it all over again." "All" meant that she would yank everything off the bed, and you would have to start from scratch to rebuild it. Incidentally during those days, I learn- (Continued on Page Eleven) Page Four THE SCHOOL HELPER }\CROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK An Answer to Inquiries Since coming to the South, I have been asked on numerous occasions my opinion of Mrs. Marietta Vinson's book, "Logical System of Lanuage- Teaching and An Analysis of the English Language." I believe the book should be in the hands of every teacher of the Deaf in America. 0 finer analysi of the Engli h Language has ever been made. Mr. Vinson ha pent years in re earch and study. The rest of the profession can profit by her work. I recommend the book to those who have asked and to those anticipating asking. I am certain Mr. Vinson would be glad to an wer any letter of inquiry about her book. Her addre is Mrs. Marietta Vinson, California School for the Deaf Berkeley, California. Reverend Wilson Dies Ju t a we are going to press we learn of the death of Reverend Wilson. Rev. Wilson died Thur day, January 26 and was buried Sunday, January 20. Further details will be found in the March is ue of the chool Helper. School Visitors Mr. and Mrs. Clyde Hollingsworth visited Superintendent Hollingsworth and Mrs. Holling worth. While at the school. ~r. and Mr . Hollingsworth took the opportumty to visit everal cIa es. The teachers and officers appreciate the kindly attitude and intere it shown. Anohter visit i looked forward to with eagerness. It is all too eldom we have such willing listener. We are always anxious to have the public vi it our school and gain an under~tand ing of our work and problems. New Head State Department Of Public Welfare Recently the Honorable Braswell Deen of Alma, Georgia, was appointed Director of the State Department of Public Welfare by Governor River. THE SCHOOL HELPER feel that the State of Georgia i fortunate in ecuring the services of a man -so distingui hably qualified to fill this important post. Mr. Deen, over a number of years, repre- sented the Second District of Georgia in the United States Congress. He is co-author with our Senior Senator of the George-Deen Act, the provisions of which greatly extended the services of vocatioanl education. Mr. Deen held an enviable position in our National Congress and was prominently identified with much important national legi l(:l.tion. Especially wa he interested in laws promoting bettel" educational facilities and for the betterment of the general welfare of the common masses of our people. To the regret of his con tituency, he retired from Congres of his own volition, declining to run for I'e-election last November. With his wide and fruitful experience he is in position to render our fltate. a great service in hi present capacity. 'I'he Honorable Lamar Murdaugh, Direc'tor since the department was first organized and who skillfully guided it throughout this reorganization period, resigned to accept an appointment in the legal department of the tate, thereby creating thi vacancy to which Mr. Deen wa appointed. C. H. H. An Anonymous Letter An anonymous letter reached my desk everal day ago. (At last some sort of a letter came. Have even baiting my mail box with old envelopes with the hopes of decoying a letter.) The letter in part stated: "Cave Spring Paper-please note and re-copy: "Miss ell Gibbons, our beloved and capable editor of the School Helper, has relinquished her noble work and is leaving for Hollywood where the film have signed her for the role of "Scarlett O'Hara" opposite Cark Gable. Cave Spring Beauty Parlors will do the blonding.-"Believe it or not." I can't figure it out. First: There is no r'ave pring paper: Second: Why did I get the letter? (Will I get a promotion?) Third: IR it really Miss Nell Gibbons? Fourth: If it is true, can Miss ell Gibbons use the language nece sary for the role of "Scarlett"? February. 1939 Page Five AMONG THE STAFF Juliet A. McDermott Mr. and Mrs. R. P. Kennard moved Jan uary 15 to the cottage on Rome Street recently vacated by Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Casey, Jr. Mr. and Mrs. Kennard gave up their apartment at the Georgia School for the Deaf in order to make more dormitory space for the pupils of the school during the building program. Mr. and Mrs. Albert Montgomery, of New York City, have named their little son, born January 8. Paul Barker Montgomery. Mrs. Montgomery was the former Miss Juanita Barker. Mrs. Julia Arnold spent January 21 in Atlanta. Mrs. Wilson Montgomery entertained a group of friends at her home at a contract bridge party January 20. Mrs. Rogers Asbury received a green pottery vase as high score prize and Mrs. Cayton Hollingsworth was presented two linen handkerchiefs for collsoia tion prize. Refreshments consisted of pear salad, crackers. fruit cake. salted Ill'.tS. and grape JUice. This was the first of a series of parties at which Mrs. Montgomery entertained. Mrs. R. P. Kennard and Mrs. John L. Caple were joint hostesses at a delightful tea January 21 in the home economics rooms at the Georgia School for the Deaf honoring Mrs. Roy Parks. Teachers and officers of the school comprised the guest list. Hillis Hollingsworth, who attends Mercer, spent several days recently with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. C. H. Hollingsworth. The regular meeting of the Faculty Club was held January 10. Mr. Wright, of Darlington, was the guest speaker and Miss Edith Fitzgerald was the facul ty speaker. Miss Fitzgerald gave an instructive and interesting paper. Her subject was Lip-reading. Several dances were given by pupils of Mr. Robert Rounsaville, of Rome, accompanied at the paino by Mrs. Rounsaville. These dances were greatly enjoyed. Following these dances Mr. Wright gave a bit of philosophy on the beauty of life in a very charming manner. A committee, composed of Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Ware and Mr. and Mrs. Barton Clark, were responsible for the social hour at which time several games of Chinese Checkers were enjoyed. Refreshments consisted of punch and a variety of cookies. MR. McCANLESS AGAIN HONORED We are very proud of the Scouting record which has been made by our Scoutmaster, Bill McCanless. At the annual banquet of the orthwest Georgia Council at the General Forrest Hotel in Rome on January 20, Mr. McCanless was presented the Scoutmaster's Key which is one of the highest awards of the organization. We copy the following from the Scout Bulletin: "Bill McCanless has become a wearer of the Scoutmaster's Key. His i the fourth in the Council and the second deaf Scoutmaster in the United States to receive the Key! Bill is one of our most ou tanding Scoutmasters and has been in Scouting for over twelve years. Congratuations, Bill! Dr. Clyde Wilcox of Darlington School made this fine presentation." We also copy the following from the orth Georgia Tnbune: Unusual honor was conferred this week on Bill McCanless, when he was presented a Scoutmaster's key at the annual banquet of the orthwest Georgia Council, Boy Scouts of America, at Rome. Bill McCanles is a Canton boy, who has gone far in Scouting, overcoming obstacles that would have been insurmountable to one with less determination. He has been the outstanding leader in Scout activities here lor several years. The annual oy Scout Camp for this district is named Camp Bill McCanle s in his honor. MR. FREEMAN PAYS US A VISIT The Rev. S. M. Freeman, of Atlanta. was a welcome visitor at the school the week-end of January 15, addressing the student body at the Baptist Church Sunday morning. The pupils always look forwurd to these services and for a week preceding his visit, they are planning suitable hymns and practicing them so that they can take part in the service. The program for January 15 was os follows: The Doxology The Lord's Prayer Onward Christian Soldiers The twenty-third Psalm Jesus Loves Me Sermon by Mr. Freeman Work For The ight Is Coming The Closing Prayer Mrs. Montgomery led the songs and Miss Reynolds played. We wish that Mr. Freeman could come more frequently because we thoroughly enjoy his visits and feel that they mean a great deal to the entire school. The Girl Scout movement in America was founded in Savannah by a Georgia woman, Juliette Low. Page Six THE SCHOOL HELPER SUPERINTENDENT'S CORNER The Mentally "TE raise the caLin~ for these unfortunates in dwell. a mOre fortunate treatment W question with that there are institutions guar- than is now accorded them. Shall Deficient fear and trembl- anteeing training and physical care the school for the deaf make a Deaf ing. The problem which will bring to them the best more special provision and accept is not, "Unlike to health, usefulness, and happiness the task as an entirely different res- mankind's mixed characters, a possible. These same institutions ponsibility apart from their pre- bundle of virtues and vices, inex- all acknowledge their lack of sent functions. Or should there be plicable, intertwisted and not to be provision and hesitate to take the proper provisions made in other unraveled without hazard." How- child with the additional handi- institutions? Here, I like Mr. ever, practically all educators of cap of deafness. Elwood Stevenson's "What do the deaf every where admit there One alternative has been for the you Think?" is one group of handicapped state schools for the deaf to enroll among us for whom there is no these children. The other is to ~~ proper provision made or else, pa- send them back, a charge on their Since writing the above. we radoxical as it may seem, the most parents and community. Neither have discovered evidence in our expensive and wasteful provision plan by any str.etching of the files that our predecessor, the pre- imaginable can be accredited to imagination is defensible. In the sent Superintendent Emeritus Pro- their need. first instance, the schools for the fessor J. C. Harris. had raised this That suggestions relative to adequate care and training of the feebleminded deaf is a debt educators of the deaf owe society can not be evaded or passed on to others. Is such thinking and planning exceedingly repellent? Are the ideas that suggest themselves repugnant to our aesthetic natures? Like from a spectre that comes by night to frighten us, and thoughts with barbs to prick us by day, we have dodged and sought to evade this responsibility that rests more on us than on any other living beings. Can we in the name of, "love for the deaf" ignore this heartrending spectacle? If so. we are somewhat like unto the foolish mother whose love, fenced in by ignorance, forbade the surgeon's .. cruel knife." thereby de- deaf, under the best selective proce:;~es, experience a range of differences among the students so wide that each child becomes an individual problem. With the nor m a I intelligent quotient c"rye::, tyr;e:; of deafness, degrees of deafness, the time deafness occurred, etc., a problem is presented which at best makes it well nigh impossible to efficiently synchrcnize the instructional machinery with this tremendous range of individual differences. Yet. in the State of Georgia, as an example, where the law provides that we enroll only those children who are capable of a common school education, we either accept the mentally incapable or turn them out without further recourse Or hope. What is the answer? question twelve years ago. This file also indicates there was much general interest in the study he made, and many state superintendents acknowledged that the problem of proper provisions for the mentally deficient deaf was of paramount importance and a solution should be found. We are wondering how these problems are being met in these various states today and what new ideas and solutions the intervening years have brought forward. ~ S Stevenson PEAKING of Mr. and . EI wood Steven- Gallaudet son. head of the school at Berkeley, California, the writer is reminded of the fall of 1936 when we hied nying her baby's right to life and There are possibly two general ourselves to Gallaudet College to normal happiness. classifications of the mentally de- learn all there is to know about It can not be construed as an in- ficien t deaf. First, there are those teaching the deaf. We went armed dictment of the deaf to say that who are adherently feebleminded. with great ambition. A new por- this group runs all the gamut of Seccnd, there are those children vable typewriter and reams of intelligent quotients the same as who. through disease or accident. paper became tools of the trade as any cross-section of average chil- have acquired a nervous or mental information was to be sought dren any where Rather they are disorder. much faster than one average expected to fit into this pattern. Ofttimes men tal disorder and "noggin" could assimilate. There Certainl y there are feebleminded deafness can be attributed to the were no mistakes in these early children among the hearing. This same cause. And here we have to anticipations of what this normal ratio in both groups will be admit that through accident, many course at Gallaudet would be like. widened as fast as science and edu- fine little boys and girls of super- In addition to the regular cation successfully attacks and up- ior parentage can be, and are, vic- prescribed course of study, the roots some of the causes, but the tims. In both of these cases, or director. Mr. Sam B. Craig. sub- fact remains that proper provisions' in a combination of the two, the jected us to the reading and study are made for the mentally deficient facts of the situation. nor the res- of marked articles in pamphlets, hearing child while the deaf have ponsibility, can be escaped. It books and magazines which he been neglected in this respect. seems that a benign civilization provided galore. Before the year Every state in Our commonwealth owes these with this dual handi- was out, we were literally "bogged has assumed the responsibility of cap, and the society in which they (Continued on Page ine) February, 1939 Page Seuen As February 12 marks the 206th anniversary of the founding of Georgia. we thought that it might be fitting to review some of the facts concerning the settlement, and note a few of the interesting and important things about our State. Georgia. known as the "Empire State of the South," was founded in 1733 by James Edward Oglethorpe. who landed an English colony of 116 persons on a bluff of the Savannah River. Work was begun immediately upon the first hou.ses in the new city, which Oglethorpe laid out and named "Savannah." The settlement was called "Georgia" in honor of King George of England. who granted the charter to Oglethorpe. It was not long before other settlers joined the first group. thus strengthening the colony. Among the new arrivals were John and Charles Wesley. founders of the Methodist Church. Later another famous minister. the Reverend George Whitfield, founded an orphanage at Bethesda, said to be the first orphanage established in America. Oglethorpe permitted neither slavery nor the sale of rum in Georgia for about ten years after the colony was established. Georgia joined the other colonies in A merica which resisted England in 1776 and was one of the Original Thirteen States which united on July 4, 1776. forming the basis of the United States of America of today. Georgia has always taken an important part in all affairs affecting the welfare of the United States. In all wars, including the Revolution, the Indian, the War Between the States. the SpanishAmerican and the World War, this State furnished its full quota of wldiers and supplies. In literature. science and medicine Georgia stands well in the front ranks of the States in the Union. The folk-lore stories of Joel Chandler Harris have been printed in many languages, while the poems of Sidney Lanier and Frank L. Stanton have worldwide fame. Dr. Charles Herty and the LeConte brothers have contri- GEORGIA buted much to scientific research and Dr. Crawford Long in 1842 used ether for the first time in an operation. In education Georgia points with pride to the fact that the University of Georgia was the first chartered State University in America. and that Wesleyan College. in Macon, in 1840 was the first college in the United States to grant a diploma to a woman. Georgia is the largest state east of the Mississippi River and ranks twentieth in size among all the other states. The surface of Georgia varies from sea level on the coast to an altitude of nearly 5,000 feet in the northern part. The state is divided into three distinct sections. The northern area is mountainous, being traversed by the Blue Ridge chain of the Appalachian Mountains. Middle Georgia. known as the Piedmont section. consists of rolling upland su.rface. and is traversed by many :;i.::eams. The Coastal Plain is, on the whole. so level that it appears as a broad and even plain. Georgia's climate is so mild that all farming, industrial, and mining activities continue throughout the year without interruption from either hot or cold weather. The value of farm products in a recent census was set at $335,000.000.00 Cotton by far exceeded all other products. Other crops grown extensively in the state include peaches. peanuts, corn, oats, sweet potatoes. watermelons. apples, pecans. and sugarcane. Livestock, poultry raising, and dairying are also engaged in on an extensive scale. While farming is the principal occupation in Georgia. manufacturing and mining also are leading industries. Products valued at approximately $800.000,000.00 are manufactured in the state each year. while the mineral production is estimated to be worth $20,000,000.00. The total value of Georgia's prod ucts each year is more than one billion dollars. Georgia grows twice as many watermelons as any other state in the Union, ships more peaches and paper shell pecans than any other state, and leads the Nation in the . production of sweet potatoes. More pure cane syrup is made in Georgia than any other state. Georgia produces more than half'of the yellow ocher and twothirds of the barytes mined in the United States. while this state leads the south in the production of manganese ore and clay products. In marble production Georgia leads all states except Vermont. With 34 varities. Georgia leads all southern states in the number of minerals. Georgia leads the Nation in Naval Stores and Savannah is the leading export city in the world of turpentine and rosin. More than 65 percent of the fabric used in automobile tires is manufactured in Georgia. Georgia is the fourth state in the Union in textile spindles in operation. Tests show that bright leaf tobacco grown in Georgia is superior in quality to that grown in any other state for the manufacture of cigarettes. Georgia leads all states in the south except Texas in railroad mileage. Presidnt Franklin D. Roosevelt. who calls Georgia his second home. says, "I happen to have the good fortune to know almost every State in the Union. and I am very certain that not one of them holds within itself a greater future than the State of Georgia." Georgia, we salute you. May you contin ue to grow and prosper as much in the next two hundred years as you have since your settlement back in 1733. Georgia possesses the largest forest area of any of the states. Georgia's forest grow 163 varieties of the trees. The first discovery of bauxite (aluminum ore) in America was in Floyd county in 1887. Stone Mountain in Georgia is said to be the largest body of solid granite in the world. Savannah is the largest naval stores market in the world. Page Eight THE SCHOOL HELPER CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES HOME COMING BASKETBALL GAME Bring your friends and children. boys We'll sing another song Sing it with a spirit that will help our teams along Sing it as you used to sing it in the days of yore When you were pupils in Georgia Hurrah, Hurrah, we'll beat the A.S.D. Hurrah, Just come and you will see For many years we've suffered, oh Too long it seems to be Now for a win for Georgia! February 18 is the date folks. Arrangements have been made to rent the Maple St. Gym in the nearby city of Rome. This gym has recently been remodeled. It has an excellent lighting system, a regulation size playing floor and a seating capacity large enough for all who wish to come and more. Plans for the celebration are already underway. A queen is to be chosen, skits are to be prepared for the between halves periods. Rumor has it that there will be a wrestling match-no holds barred except tickling and pulling hair. As for the rest of the program, it remains to be seen. However, we guarantee you the spectacle of your life. The prolonged cold weather spell that we have had has put new life in the committees (a matter of staying awake or freez- ing) the result will be _ come and tell us yourselves, folks. Concerning our teams-the boys have met with such a lack of competition that they have slowed down to a walk and have been getting away with it. A while back they met a couple of good teams and got left-walking. The result is like a bucket of cold water gentl y tipped over a sleeping farmer's face, a somewhat violent awakening. Let it suffice to send a word of caution to coach Palmer of Alabama. You may quote me "The boys of G.S.D. are out to get scalps, and those of Alabama will do just as well as those of an yone else." The girls started slowly but have been improving every game they have played. The writer is a modest young gentleman. He is not given to loose talk nor to lou.d boasting. The G.S.D. teams began active competition early in November and won four straight games to take the championship in the first !=eriod of a local Tri-county league. In the second period which is now underway, they have won one game and lost one but stand a ten to one chance of winning the rest. Not satisfied with the tournament schedule, Coach Drake has bocked numerous side games. In these, we split a two game series with Bremen, lost one game to Rockmart and one to Resaca. (The Resaca boys were champion from a nearby tournament and they nosed the G. S. D. boys out by a very small margin, of one poin ts, to be exact. The girls had little luck in their first period of tournament play but started the second period with a win over the' champions of the first period which speaks for itself as to their ability to get up and fight. Let us remind you again: the date is FEBRUARY 18, the place is MAPLE ST. GYMNASIUM in ROME, GEORGIA. The writer stands willing to wager coca colas with one and all as to the outcome of the game. -O.L.T. Friday, January 20, at the Maple Street gymnasium in Rome, the Aragon H. S. quintet nosed out the G. S. D. team in a hot game. Both teams showed impressively in defensive, but the Aragon team had advantage over the G. S. D. in shooting. Walter Wade played the best game and led for the losers in scoring 14 points. Davis and White were outstanding for the winners. Davis(6) Phipps(6) F Hitchcock(2) F Barrow(4) Davis(2) C Wade(14) Forly(4) G Shaffer (0) White(lO) G Hester (4) Substitutions G. S. D. Waters, Massey, Cannn. G. S. D. met Resaca on Jan- uary 19. We had an exciting game,Walter Wade, center, made several long shots. Hester, guard, played a little rough, but he stopped the forwards. We almcst won, but Walter was not shooting the last few minutes, so Resae won. Cannon F Waters F Hitchcock(13) F Wade(14) C Barrow (2) G He tel' G Woods(6) Adlen (5) Solon (4) Melvin Defour (4) Silver Chitwood G. S. D. met Aragon in the Maple Street gym in Rome. First our girls' played with the Aragon girls. Then our boys' team played the Aragon boys. The three guards Hester, Hadaway, and Carr put up a brave fight. They beat them by the score of 45 to 35. G. S. D. 45 Aragon 35 Cannon(6) F Hitchcock(2) F Wade(26) C Barrow (8) G Hester (2) G Hadaway G Carr (1) G Davis(2) Dunn Adams Phipps (6) White(6) FormIy(4) Davis(13) Rockmart High School basketball teams won two victories from G. S. D. January 6. The Green and Gold were not able to stop the high scoring ace Ezzell. Ezzell made 24 points. The G. S. D. forwards were badly off form. G. S. D. 14 Rockmart 38 Hitchcock (7) F Cannon F Waters F Wade(3) C Barrow(2) G Hadaway G Hester G Carr G Shaffer C Ezzell(24) Stringer (4) Coats(4) McKeIvey(4) Davis Johnson Holladay Holse Hammend(4) February, J939 Page tne The G. S. D. met Coosa at Maple Street gym January 22. It was a one sided game for our team Waters made 6 goals. Barrow made 4 goals at guard. The score was 34 to 15, All the G. S. D. boys played very well. G. S. D. 34 Hitchcock (2) F Waters(6) F Barrow (2) F Cannon F Wade(4) C Hadawy(2) C Waters G Barrow(4) G Carr G Hester G Shaffer G Coosa 15 Berryhill (4) Oyment(4) Davis Levis (2) Whittle Martin The G. S. D. team met Glenn- wood in the Maple Street gym November 18. It was a one- sided game and resulted in a 40 to I 2 victory for the deaf boys. Ferrel and Helsomback were the Glennwood stars and totaled eight points for their team. The two guards, Helsomback and Nelson put up a brave fight, but could not stop their opponents. G. S. D. 41 Glennwood 13 Cannon(10) F Waters (2) Waters(4) F Simmons(l) Hitchcock (13) F Pierce Wade(ll) C FerreIl (2) Hadawy(3) G Helsomback(6) Barrow(3) G elson (2) Carr G Hester G Bremen met G. S. D. at our gym Friday afternon, December 16. They played a high scoring game. Some of the Bremen Guards played a rough-and-tum- ble game. Waters and Avant played the best for G. S. 0 .. Thomas was the high scorere for Bremen. G. S. D. Bremen 23 Waters(15) F Avant(12) F Sherman F Massey (4) C Shaffer G Carr (2) G Thomas(16) Chandler (1) Ruly(4) Payne Manley(2) Long Watson G. S. D. met Bremen at the Bremen high school gym Friday night, January sixth. It was a close game. The G. S. D. boys lost by one point. The score was 28 to 27. Thomas was lead- ing scorer for Bremen. G. S. D. 27 Bremen 28 Cannon (2) F - Toley(5) Waters (2) F Thomas(18) Hitchcock (10) F Wade(7) C Chandler(2) Long Barrow(5) G Manly(2) Hester G Shaffer(I) G Hester G Watson (1) MEASURING SPEED Friday morning Mr. Parks came into our school room and talked to us for a while. First he asked us how we measured the speed of trains, cars, and airplanes. Then he asked us how long it took to drive from Cave Spring to Cedartown. We guessed, but it was hard for us to think. At last some of us told him that it took a half hour, but he didn't say a word. He told us to drive his car and see how we measured the speed. He told us to drive five miles at ten miles per hour to see how long it took us. I watched my watch and Francine Waldrop and Barbara Russell watched the speedometer. It took thirty min~ l'.tes to drive five miles. Then we drove back at thirty miles per hour and it took us ten minutes to drive back. When we got back to schoo!' Mr. Parks came to see what we had found out. We told him all about it and he was surprised. We surely enjoyed our trip very much and learned how to measure speed. -Byron Avant. STEVENSON and GALLAUDET (Continued from Page Six) up" in rele~ent material. Our room looked like the proverbial, "melee of an industrious literate's habitat." On the day prepa,ratory to departure, books and maga'ziries were carted back in a wholesale confusion. It is doubted whether to this good day 'they have all found their rightful place in Mr. Craig's bookshelves, or that he even knows they were all returned. In the latter eventuality, we wish to advise that we have not run across any of his among our books since. This tes ifies to Our honesty, or our abated propensity for study, or perhaps some other deduction that could be made. You may take your choice. What I started out to say is that copious . notes, copies, and extracts accumulated at Gallaudet and "believe it or not", sometimes again referred to, carry very much evidence of Mr. Stevenson's prolific and instructive writings. Mr. Stevenson, for 'all shortage in our acquirements and for all weaknesses in our philosophy of education, as pertains to the teaching of the deaf, you are in no wise held accountable. But, that you do wield an influence and len,d color and direction to the present day normal student's thinking, I herewith testify. May you prosper, and your good work long continue. ON GALLAUDETS BIRTHDAY (December 10) By J, Schuyler Long Emancipator of the mind By deafness held in thrall; Of lives, by nature doomed to find The bitterness and gall He helped us apprehend the stars; He showed us to the light; He broke for us the prison bars That held us in the night. Forsaken of the church and law, He spoke and bade us rise The beauty of the earth we saw, And hope beyond the skies. He spent his life in work and T a better human kind; thought The battles of the weak he fought In knighthood of the mind. We'll ne'er forget our debt to thee, Nor let thy fame decline; Our patron saint thou'lt ever be, As Hartford is our shrine. And by our words and deeds we'll prove Some hearts are loyal yet, And beat with gratitude and love For you, dear Gallaudet. ~regon Outlook. Page Ten THE SCHOOL HELPER PUPILS' LOCAL NEWS Idell Rentz, Reporter Carlton Scurry, Bobby Davis. Bonnie Craig, and C. G. Turner enjoyed skating in the chapel for a long time the night of January 24. After that Carlton and C. G. played basketball. Friedson adorn received a letter recently from his brother, Herbert, saying that he had played in eleven basketball games and his team had defeated all the teams they played against. Friedson felt very proud of Herbert. Francine Waldrop was very much surprised not long ago to hear that her family had moved to Columbus, Georgia. Her father has work that will keep him there eight or nine months, so her mother decided to move. One of Francine's friends, Helen Wallace, moved to Columbus, too, so Francine will have someone to play with when she goes home. One thing that Francine does not like about leaving Atlanta is that her little nephew didn't go to Columbus, too. Francine loves "Baby Norman" very much and knows that she will miss seeing him every day. Marjorie Lane mended two sheets for the hospital January 24. Catherine Langer received a letter from her father January 24 telling her that a boy near her home was in jail because he stole some things. John Hayes wrote a letter to his father Sunday morning. Then he went to the post office and mailed it. Several of the boys took a long hike with Mr. McCanless and Mr. Tollefson Sunday afternoon, January 21. They went to a fire tower about seven miles from Cave Spring. They climbed on top of the tower and could see Cedartown and a long way into Alabama. They said that cars running along the highway looked like toys. They were very tired when they gOt back to school late in the evening. Byron Avan t is learning a great deal about operating the linotype. At first he was afraid to operate it, but now he is getting used to it. He helped print the Junior Helper January 23. When Mildred Scurlock received a letter from her sister Ruth, January 25, she was sorry to hear that her grandfather was very ill. Her family spent the week-end in Nashville, Tennessee, with him recently. Mrs. Gibbons's class misses Carl Barber very much. His parents came Tuesday the 24th and took him home for two weeks. Barbara Russell received a letter from her mother recently telling her about her brother's birthday party. Ten little boys were invited to his party. For refreshments they had ice cream, cake, nuts, and candy. They played games and had a good time. Jimmie received a number of presents. Mrs. Russell sent Barbara a slice of the birthday cake. When Wilma Whaley went home Christmas, she was very much surprised to learn that her sister, Virginia, had been married since September 23. Now Wilma has a new brother-in-law and she likes him very much. George Cannon received a nice letter from his friend, Vivian Curring, of the Alabama School for the Deaf. She wrote that she hoped George could come to Talladega when our team went for the basketball game. George was very much disappointed when he learned that Dr. Connor had forbidden the team to go because of the epidemic of colds at school. Louise Maynard's sister, Cammie, was married December 18. She wrote Louise that she had spent her honeymoon in Florida. She liked the Singing Tower at Lake Wales the best of anything she saw on her trip. Pauline Carter is a member of the B Class in Home Economics. The class meets every Monday and Tuesday afternoon. January 24 Miss Mann gave the girls a lesson on good table manners. The girls want to show the boys how nicely they know how to behave at the table. Douglas Shaffer. Reporter January 25 the advanced girls played basketball in Hearn Hall. Jennie Meek enjoyed the game very much. Kathleen Highfield was sorry to hear of the death of her cousin, Frank, who died about three weeks ago. Kathleen's friend, Mary Moore, wrote her about it. The boys were very much interested in the stories which Mr. Drake told them the night of January 26. The stories were "The Three Rings", "The Kidnap Murder Case", and "The Haunted House" Billy Powell and Robert Shaffer are very fond of reading in their r.Jom at night. Robert has been very much interested in "How To Win Friends and Influence People. " Irene Browning was very much disappointed that the basketball teams did not get to go to Talladega when they planned to, but she hopes that they can go somet:mc soon. Fred Buchanan spent his Christmas vacation at home. He enjoyed visiting relatives in Atlanta, too. His parents and one aunt went to the Terminal Station with Fred when he returned to Cave Spring after the holidays. Pauline Carter received a card from her sister not long ago. She said that she couldn't write her a long letter because she had to ftudy for examinations. She will write when the new semester begins. Pauline wonders if her sister likes examinations as well as she does. Laroy Garner has been enjoying the moving pictures la tel y. We have one very Sunday night after lunch. Teddie Waters's class is very much interested in current events. They are enjoying the pictures and clippings that Miss Fitzgerald brings for the bulletin board. Bob Adams wrote to his mother and asked her whether he could go to Alabama or come home February 10. He hopes that she will let him go one place or the other, February, /939 Page Eleven THE STORY OF MY LIFE (Continued from Page Three) ed how to make up a bed as it should be made. I have never forgotten. One thing which was not supposed to go with my uniform, gave me su.ch genuine secret satisfaction that I was guilty of taking advantage of it on more than one occasion. As a child, I had a pet aversion to being questioned by strangers, and I laugh to myself even now whenever I think of how easily I escaped a questionnaire, by assuming that blank look, and shaking my head innocently to indicate a lack of understanding, in other words played stone deaf. The uniform did the rest. Maybe this was not quite fair or according to Hoyle but I must confess that it is true, never-the-Iess. Detour 4. I Do Things. I grew. I climbed trees, spun tops, played marbles, jumped fences and did all the other things a real tomboy is supposed to do. Sometimes to-day I look at that iron fence around the school grounds and wonder how on earth I ever held on to two of its sharp points and went over it like a deer. I don't know yet how I did it, but I solemnly swear I did. I also played short stop on the bOiYs' junior nine, to my father's delight, and kept my hair shingled close so it wouldn't get in my eyes when I made a home-run. My running speed was my greatest pride. We ran races almost daily and I was never b~ten by a girl, or by a boy anywhere near my own age. My father encouraged my running against the older boys and while such uneven contests tended to increase my speed power, naturally I lost many races. Detour 5. "Book-I'arnin" Yes, I went to school, to a private school, to Hearn Acadmey and to Cherokee Wesleyan Intitute in Cave Sprng, afterward graduating at Wesleyan College in Macon. Georgia, where I was a member of Alpha Delta Pi sorority,. Later I took up post graduate work, first with my Alma Mater, and for a number of years with the University of Chicago. I also studied music and short story writing. This educational detour, however, along with the honors that went with it: as well as that other detour dealing with my marriage, my children and my private home life, seem to me to belong more fitly beyond the scope of this article, and so I shall remain inside. Detour 6. The Last Lap. In 1908 my mother, who for many years had been a member of the faculty of the Georga School for the Deaf, resigned and I was fortunate enough to be appointed in her place. During the twentyreven years I had the privilege of teaching, I taught every grade from the beginners to the Gallandet class. In passing I will say without hesitation that if I had a regular class, my favorite grade was the fifth. However, I much preferred rotating work and the special chair of Geography and General Information alternating with History in the intermediate and advanced grades, which chair I occupied for years. I have taught Olally and manually, and my pet hobby was the sloUJ pupil. How I did love to wake him up; to find that particular spark that would make the light he needed and lead him to his real self. For fifteen of these teaching years I also conducted chapel services three Sundays in each month. I loved this work best of all, because it gave such a wonderful opportunity to strike home the moral lessons the children so needed. I was never happier than when I could spiel to them in the sign language, and I feel sure that 'all of us derived much good from our Sunday morning chapel hour. I am now on the shelf in a way, but I am still working as best I can for the deaf children, >and still have thier best interests close at heart in our earnest effort to rebuild our library. I am going to keep on and on doing all I can for them in every possible way. until the Great Referee calls "Time," and my life's battle is over. MISS ANNIE McDANIEL It is a pleasure to recognize in this issue of the HELPER a deaf woman who has been connected with our school for many years, first as a pupil. a d for the past twenty-six years. as an instructor -Miss Annie McDaniel. Miss McDaniel IS a native Georgian, having been born in Talbot County. She lost her hearing" through illness when only a baby and entered the Georgia School for the Deaf at the age of seven years. She was ever known among her instructors and classmates as a thorough student and a dependable character. In present day parlance, she would, no doubt, have been voted the best "'all round pupil." During her years in school. there was no stress placed upon athletics or many of the outside activities as we have them today, but it is more than probable that. had she had an opportunity, she would have measured up to the standard in these things. too. Rev. S. M. Freeman, Mr. C. W. Wright, father of Mrs. Hollingsworth, Mr. R.A. Asbury, and Mrs. Della Garrett, sister of Mr. J. C. Harris, are numbered among her instructors. After graduating in 1910, Miss McDaniel remained at home for two years, and was then appointed as seamstress at this school to make the children's uniforms. She has been a faithful and efficient officer of the school since that time, having received several promotions during heir years of service. Miss McDaniel is one of four people connected with the school who has served under three administrations. She attended school and was appointed to a position in the sewing room during the time Mr. W. O. Connor was superintendent. During Mr. J. C. Harris's administration she was promoted to assistant sewing instructor. After Mr. Hollingsworth's appointment last year, he arranged for her to take a course at the School of Scientific Sewing in Dallas, Texas. where she made an outstanding record, completing the course in a much shorter time than is usually required. Miss McDaniel has seen the Girls' Industrial Building, the Boys' Dormitory, and the HospiI~I erected on our campus. and is now deeply interested in the present new building program. Page TwellJe THE SCHOOL HELPER VOCATIONAL SECTION During the winter farmers make their plans for the coming year. The success or failure of the year's work depends to a great extent on those plans and how well they are suited to the needs of the farm. Plans for the school farm must be made in the same way, and the boys studying agriculture are now thinking about the program to be followed during 1939. The general farm exists to furnish food for the family, feed for livestock, a cash income for taxes, purchases, insurance, and luxuries. In addition it usually furnishes shelter, fuel, recreation, and economic stability. The farmer takes these things into consideration in making his plans. The school farm has in the past mainly existed for two purposes, food for pupils and staff, and instruction for the students. Before planning for 1939 the record for the previous year must be determined so that mistakes may be eliminated and improvements made. We can see just how well the farm served the purpose of furnishing food for the school. During seven months of 1938 the population of the institution served by its dining rooms was 313, and for the remainder of the time about thirty. Many articles of food could not be produced on the farm. such as fish, sugar, coffee, cranberries, condiments, and many others. The high point of course is the school dairy herd which produced approximately three-fifths of the food of that class consumed: For fluid milk the herd produced 9,504 gallons of the total of 13,213 gallons used or slightly more than seventy percent. While school was in session all butter and buttrrmilk were bought. Among the meats consumed only pork was produced, 3,789 pounds as compared with 4,735 bought. Vegetables produced On the small garden on less than one acre, supplemented by corn and potatoes grown in fields outside, amounted to $189.71. Available for the production of these crops and to grow feed for the animals was twenty-five acres of extremely hilly land devoted to ha y, ten acres of pasture, and a who check up on all matters and rented farm of about thirty-five they know how to go at it. planted to hay and corn. That a Employers are familiar with farm of only seventy acres of cul- laws governing their business and tivated land and pasture could are capable of taking care of it. produce a gross income of over five It is a bad policy for anyone or acres planted to hay and corn. several deaf persons to argue with That a farm of only seventy acres employers in connection with laws of cultivated land and pasture or rules affecting working con- could produce a gross income of ditions in a plant. The director over five thousand dollars, over of the Bureau of Labor for the seventy dollars per acre, speaks Deaf wishes to warn the deaf to well for the efficiency of the farm. mind their own business and re- This is partly offset by the fact port violations to the proper au- that only the hay for the cows was thorities who will look into it. produced, all concentrates were -J.M. Vestal, in Deaf Carolinian bought. Some of this costing about $660,00, could have been pro- BEE CULTURE for the' DEAF duced. Fifty years ago every farm No method of improving the house in Kentucky as well as many general existing plan on present a cottage in the outskirts of towns farm lands presents itself, except had as adjuncts at least a few to work out efficiencies in details. hives of bees. To-day one' rarely For a long time the policy was to sees a stand of bees on a farm, and sell calves about the time the milk honey, once common on the tables of the cow was ready for human of people of limited means, even, consumption. For this reason the has become a luxury. There is no herd of cows was continually good reason for this change; .it has growing older with no blood resulted largely from ignorance of being introduced. During the past the proper wa y to handle the fifteen months ten promising hei- hives. fers have been saved from good This situation presents an ~p cows. In time these and others portunity for intelligent and lU- to come will offset the steadily dustrious deaf people. Here..ls an declining milk flow due to age. occupation in which lack of hear- The inventory value of the herd ing is no bar to success, and in has increased by a substantial which the worker' is his own amount due to these additions. "boss." Bee-culture is not difficult With farm lands available in to learn, and does not require a 1938, the same general program large outlay of capital. State uni- would be followed. No site is versities stand ready to assist with available for a poultry flock. The advice and suggestions to those pasture has been taken up with a desiring to engage in it. The new building. The garden is to work is pleasant (if one doesn't be converted into an athletic field. mind a sting now and then), and Most of the remaining cultivated whether pursued as the chief acreage will be needed for pasture. means of livelihood or as a side- line it should yield a reasonable WARNING TO DEAF profit. WORKERS At the Minnesota school' a Since the new Wage and Hour course in bee-culture was given Law has been in effect quite a few during the Christmas holiday by deaf workers have made a great a specialist from the State Uni- mistake in arguing with employ- versity. Graduates of the school ers. As a resul t three deaf work- were invited to come back and at- ers were laid off and told that tend the lectures and demonstra- their service was no longer needed. tions, and about twenty-five were As a matter of fact deaf work- on hand to take advantage of the ers, as well as those other groups, COu.rse. All of them expect to put should never argue such matters their newly acquired knowledge with their employers. The De-. to practical use. partment of Labor has inspectors -The Kentucky Standard. 't COOL MARCH, 1939 GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF CAVE SPRI G. GEORGIA General Statement The Georgia School for the Deaf i a part of the public chool system of the state. It is trictly an educational institution, operated under the authority of the State for the benefit of deaf and hard of hearing children who are mentally and physically able to profit by chool attendence. The school is non-sectarian and eparate school are operated for white and colored children. Pupils in attendance live in the chool during the school term which ordinarily runs from September to June. Pupils are permitted to go home for Christma holidays and at other tated interval. Parents and friends are welcomed as vi itors. Who May Attend The School For The Deaf? Persons between the ages of 7 and 25 may attend the school if they are too deaf to go to the regular public schools. They must be of sound mind and physically able to attend school. Children who are feeble-minded or who have speech defects without any loss of hearing are not accepted. How Much Does It Cost To Attend? The school is free. Parents or guardians are expected to furnish only simple clothing and transportation. If they are unable to meet these expenses the state will assume the full cost on proper application and proof of need. What Is Taught In The School? Instruction in the subjects commonly taught in the public schools is given. In addition. training in ability to speak and to read speech from the lips of other persons is given all pupils. Voactional education in a variety of trades and occupations is provided for both boys and girl. Religiou services of a non- ectarian nature are conducted on Sundays. The entire program of instruction aim to deveolp the deaf child 0 that he will be a happy, self-supporting, and useful member of normal society after graduation from the school. College preparatory work is offered to promising pupils who desire it. How Are Pupils Taught? The school has a large. special-trained faculty. Pupils who show an aptiude for speech and lip-reading are taught by the Oral (speech and lip-reading) method. For tho e pupils who are unable to make satisfactory progress in the mastery of speech and speechreading, classes are conducted by means of writing and the manual alphabet (finger pelli11g) . What "Home Life" Do The Pupils Have? The boys and girls live in separate dormitories which are clean and well-heated and ventilated. Matrons and supervisors have charge of the children in the dormitories and on the playgrounds. They attend to the needs of the children in a thorough, sympathetic. and parental manner. Well-balanced meal, carefully prepared, are served at regular hours. A careful physical check i kept on each child under the direction of a capable doctor and a regi tered nurse. The school has its own hospital that cares for any ordinary illne s among the pupil. A carefully-planned social program rounds out the school life of the child and foster hi development in the same way that an orderly home promotes the welfare of the normal child. How May A Child Be Admitted? Anyone who i interested in securing admi sion for a child hould write for an application blank. Address all communications to: MR. C. H. HOLLINGSWORTH, Superintendent GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF CAVE SPRING, GEORGIA . '- SCHOOL H E L PER C. H. HOLLINGSWORTH Roy G _ PARKS NELL A. GIBBONS . H. E. W OODRUFF BARTON CLARK E ditOr ex-officio Edi t or Associate Editor Associme Editor Print ing Instructor VOL. 39 MARCH, 1939 No.6 IN THIS ISSUE THE MENTALLY RETARDED CHILD______ 3 EDITORIALS _ _ _ 4 SUPERINTENDENT'S CORNER___ 5 CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES____________________________________________________________ 6 AMONG THE STAFF 9 UNIT OF WORK ON SHELTER 10 PUPILS' LOCAL NEWS 11 All communications should be addressed to the School Helper, Cave Spring, Georgia. Published monthly during the school year in the Printing Department of the Georgia School for the Deaf. Entered at the Post Office at Cave Spring, Georgia, as second class matter November, 1899. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided in Section 103. Act of October 3, 1917. Authorized October 31, 1918. Subscription price is fifty cents for nine months. GALLAUDET COLLEGE Because Gallaudet College is unique in that it is the only institution of its kind for the deaf, its seventy-fifth anniversary, beginning Sunday, transcends merely local significance and becomes of world-wide interest. With Georgetown University celebrating its sesquicentennial and Catholic University its golden jubilee this year, it is equally fitting that attention be focused on Gallaudet, which for three-quarters of a century has been educating the deaf of America and the world to live in a hearing society. After seventy-five years of life, Gallaudet College can look back on a group of hundreds of men and women graduates now earning good incomes, driving their own cars; owning their own homes and raising normal families. It can look back also on a large number of hearing men and women, often children of Gallaudet graduates; who have taken its normal course and gone to teach the deaf in the schools of the world. Former Secretary of Interior Wilbur \vas not exaggerating when he said: HGallaudet is representative of therhearts of men as well as of their intelligence." -The Washington Evening Star, December 8, 1938 March, 1939 Page Three THE MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDt By MARIE S. KENNARD Teachers of the deaf. as do all people. discuss most those things which constantly confront them in the execution of their work. One of those topics of common and constant interest in the schools for the deaf is subnormality. Frequently we hear remarks of this kind: "John just doesn't seem to be able to grasp his work. I sometimes feel that the boy must be slightly subnormal." The phraseology varies, but the central thought is always present. The use of this and many other terms has not always been prevalent in our field. It springs from the spread of educational psychology. which has become immensely popular in this postwar period in all avenues of educational activity, and the infiltration of the new educational terminology into the schools for the deaf. Generally this is to be approved, but in taking over this new knowledge, care must be exercised in adapting it to the new environment. A specific instance of the need of a proper understanding in employing this new knowledge is the employment of the term "subnormal." To consider a pupil subnormal when such is not the case is to increase that pupil's handicap. The teacher of the deaf has throughout her experience had numerous pupils whose progress was discouragingly slow. Naturally. not knowing the external causes that stifled the mental growth of a pupil, the teacher accounts for the pupil's status by diagnosing him as subnormal. Thus it has become too prevalent to wonder if a backward pupil has the average native endowment and to decide that his plight is one decreed by fate. From this instant the pupil is almost surely doomed. According to the report of the White House Conference on Mentally Retarded Children, "at least two per cent of the pupils in the elementary grades are mentally retarded to such a degree that they require special education to make the most of their possibilities. That it will somewhat exceed this estimate is evident when it is appreciated that some cases of deaf- ness arise from biological or pathological factors not confined to the internal mechanism of hearing but extending into cerebral nervous tissues of the individual. Such cases are limited and probably would not cause the rate to exceed three per cent. A school for the deaf with an enrollment of 300 might ordinariI y be expected to have 9 subnormal pupils needing special education. The central fact emerges that subnormality is not so fundamental as one might be led to decide from the chance remarks of teachers. One wonders what factors have led to this too prevalent appraisal. If the source is not innate. then it must result from environment and is a problem of retardation rather than one of subnormality. This situation carries a note of hope in that environmental factors are amenable to correction. Foremost among possible contributing factors should be placed the 'age at which a deaf pupil enters school. The most advanced knowledge indicates the advantage of having the training of deaf children start at three or four years of age under properly controlled environment so that they can be given the wide and varied experiences which are necessary to language. The general situation, however, is one where deaf children in the stages of late childhood, nearing early adolescence, are found entering school with rapidly crystallizing habits and attitudes calculated to add further to the handicap of late enrollment. In addition this 8 year-old deaf child must be allowed 3 to 4 more veal'S to approxir mate the level of formal education where his hearing brother starts. The need for enrollment of the deaf child in school at the age sanctioned by the law is imperative. The immediate problem is to bring parents of deaf children to the school as soon as their children are eligible for admission. This can be accomplished best through education. With the lowering of the age of enrollment, there is every reason to believe that the percentage of deaf children to whom the stigma "subnormal" is attached will be lowered, also. After getting the children in scho01;- we must ask ourselves the following questions: What is this great educational m'achine, whose mechanism we strive to keep oiled and running smoothly, going to turn out? What are the standards by which its products are to be judged? Must they be of such nature that they assure efficient functioning in society? The chief objective of education is social efficiency. The immediate needs of the individual that must be satisfied in order that he may attain social efficiency as outlined by the United States Conference on Child Welfare are: 1. The ability to make friends and to participate in the social life of the community. 2. The ability to make wise use of leisure time. 3. The ability to keep well physically. 5. The ability to spend wisely. 4. The ability to earn even a little. Can we honestly affirm that the products turned out by our great educational machine, the school, are of such nature that they will function most efficiently in society? With this question in mind let us visit a class of retarded children. As we look over the class we ask ourselves on what basis these children are grouped. On the basis of age and maturity? No, for we find children ranging in age from 7 to 16. Perhaps then, on the basis of common interests? No, again, for they are boys and girls of widely varied interests. On the basis of intelligence? No, for there is a great, if not greater, range of intelligence in this group than we would find in a normal group. What then is the common element? The only answer is that each child has most likely been a problem in some class. All a like problem? No. for one may have extremely low intelligence, another present a problem of too poor eye-sight to learn by the oral method. another a problem because he entered school at a later age; and still another who has (Continued on Page 8) Page Four THE SCHOOL HELPER }\CROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK One of the greatest thrills of my life as a teacher came on the evening of February 18. As many will remember, February 18 was the date of the annual meeting of the basketball teams of the Alabama School for the Deaf and the Georgia School for the Deaf. The outcome of the games figured very little in the thrill which I received-although we were pleased to win one of the games. Nothing can equal the thrill of 100 % attendance and the spirit of aggressiveness shown by the teachers and employees of the school. When we speak of 100 % attendance we mean 100 % and not 99 %. Such spirit and loyality can not be surpassed. One may ask, "Why should one receive a thrill out of seeing all of the teachers at a basketball game?" The answer is simple. The spirit displayed by the teachers was like measles--"catching." The boys and girls can tell at a glance who is present and who is absent. Unconsciously the student looks to his teacher .for guidance. The teacher not knowing the eyes of the student is on her acts as she would in any ordinary crowddisplaying fits of enthusiasmfits of discouragement, and what is more important, small courtesies which can be learned only in a natural situation through imitation. The spirit of willingness as exemplified by the teacher and students mark a new era for the Georgia School for the Deaf. Yes, we have been down-our buildings were not the best or suitable for the best work-but now we are determined to be on the winning side of the ledger for a while. Yes, we are proud of the fact that we beat Alabama's fine basketball team, but even more so are we proud of the spirit which enabled us to accomplish the seemingly impossible. A break down of one of the linotype ma- chines caused us to go to press late this issue. Now that the press is fixed and everything is running smoothly again, we promise our read- ers that the next issue will come out nearly on time. (Even a mouse must have a hole to crawl out of.) There may be another reason why we are late if you will look for it real closely in the columns of the Helper. No, the editor hasn't any more cigars. One can but marvel at this age of science. The fo]]owing editorial was clipped from the Atlanta Constitution. To those of us who work with deafness there is something missing and yet there is something hopeful in the mere fact that the medical profession has come to the point where it is acting to solve some of the causes of deafness. We have hopes that one discovery will lead to another. CURING DEAFNESS The number of deaf adults in the next generation, according to the American Medical Association News, could be reduced by 50 per cent. This conclusion is based on the belief of technicians who have made an intensive study of the problem, that overgrowth of lymphoid, gland-like tissue, in the pharynx just above the soft palate, is the starting point of deafness. "If school children in the grades were examined with a nasopharyngoscope at least once a year," it is stated, "and those with an over growth of lymphoid tissue were treated with X-ray as often as necessary, deafness could be reduced by half in the next generation. "This abnormal growth partially obstructs the t.ubes, causes an oversecretion of mucus, which further impairs function, and produces a chronic irritation in the tubes and middle ears. If this overgrowth is allowed to go on untreated, the deafness progresses by involving one octave after another toward the low end of the scale. It becomes evident only when the tones in the speech range are affected. Thus the primary cause may be insidiously damaging the hearing apparatus for several years before it is recognized." Because of the location of these enlarged tissues it is considered impossible to remove them surgically without further damaging the tubes. But safe treatments by X-rays or radium will reduce the size and inhibit growth. Overgro\\>~th of lymphoid tissue, however, gradually disappears between the ages of 11 and 17. Thus, if damage is to be averted every means of improving the general condition of health and preventing recurring infections must be resorted to during early childhood. Slowly, but surely, medical science is removing physical defects Which, only a few years ago, were taken for granted as impossible to overcome.-Atlanta Constitution. Another marvel is the machine that pro- duces sounds similar to the human voice. To those of you who like to theorize on the possi- bilities of science give us ome dope as to what we may expect in the near future. March, 1939 Page Five SUPER.INTENDENT'S CORNER f E ARLY last year we were asked. by a department official, to define the greatest needs of the Georgia School for the Deaf. and to acclaim the immediate objectives that should be sought in the light of these needs. A situation is indeed fortunate if immediate objectives and ultimate needs can be. and are, on the surface, one and the same. More often than not they wisel y differ in early prospectus. However, in this instance the whole effort is designed to improve a state created and supported school that has been. over a long period, undeniably neglected by its creator; a school so retarded in its proper function and rightful growth that obvious and eminent strategy called for a wide spread forward march on a broad front. Great was the delight of everyone .that the opportune time had arrived to do something for this school. There was little hesitancy, and not much difficulty. in cataloging needs and objectives about as follows: 1. An expanded and extended curriculum to more completely embrace elementary and high school subjects. A more natural integration of the entire program with the needs of the pupil in confronting the social and economical situations that they must face in life. with special attention to enriching t~e leisure time activities of the PUpIl. (One must recall that this is a residential school.) 2. A complete new plant for the Colored department and new buildings and repair of existing buildings for the White department, to the extent that the whole plant would be modernized, properly equipped. and expanded to accomodate one hundred additional pupils. That these objectives present a broad frotH and an assuredly difficult undertaking is self-evident. But, one of the greatest harbingers of a full victory in any undertaking is a united opinion in a worthy cause. The great people of the State of Georgia are ever open to conviction, judicious in decision, and definite in action where obli- gation and duty are unmistakably involved. The writer had just completed a year's study in this specialized field of education which included a practical study on the grounds of six or eight similar EXPERIENCING PROGRESS schools in other states, but it does not take such study to convince even a casual observer of some of the imperative needs of the Georgia School for the Deaf. Dilapidated buildings. a dearth of adequate equipment. inadequately trained and poorly paid teachers, a waiting list of a hundred deaf children, pitifully and pleadingly seeking that which we, only, are commissioned to give, all stand out in startling relief as more than prima facie evidence of the worthiness of the cause. Mr. Harris Behind Program ONE 0 f the first individuals whose com- plete concurrence we sought in these objectives was our good friend, Professor J. C. Harris. We dared to think we cou.ld appreciate some of his fine aspirations for the school's development; his struggles, disap- pointments, successes-and even his mistakes. In a conference with our predecessor, before his retire- ment as active head of the school, a memorable incident occurred such as is not given anyone to experience but a few times in his life. We were talking about these self-same objectives in the build- ing program and academic expan- sion plans. At one point Mr. Harris, while expressing abject disappointment that these actual developments had not been initi- ated earlier, placed his arm across our shoulder and with strong feel- ing and vibrant emotion said. "young man, you are promulgat- ing a very ambitious and righteous program. I predict a great future for the Georgia School for the Deaf under your administration." ________A cpallenge !-a hope !-and let us trust. an omen! Such noble gestures and fine attitudes ever tend to make fainting spirits more resolute. It is experiences like this that humble and inspire, while reminding us that most en- deavors, if they be worthy. find their inception in ennobling ex- amples and great personalities that have gone before. State Admin- 'fl TE,as individ- istration VV uals, can claim Supports but little credit for G. A;-D: in the victories to be Long Fight won in promoting the best interests of our Georgia School. As the crusade continues, it is comfort- ing to recall that the Georgia Association of the Deaf long has been making, and continues to make, mute, but compelling ap- peals which are resounding with remarkable clearness over our broad land. In the spirit of sacrifi- cial love, the officers and teachers of the school and local townspeo- ple, who really know our condi- tions and share our ambitions, are giving their all. Stalwart friends in the State Legislature, patrons, and others, multiplying by the score, as they come to know about the school and its needs. are militantly for definite progress. The Board of Public Welfare has recognized our claim and, despite their many other grave responsibilities, they, with fortitude and unselfish cour- age, are endeavoring to administer fully to our needs. All agencies in the welfare department are coop- erating in a splendid and helpful manner. The State Department of Education ranks among our best friends. Lastly, the Governor of our great state has given the school careful study and consider- ation, while embracing it in his benevolent "must" building pro- gram. This neglected institution at Cave Spring is fortunate indeed, to be in the present state wide improvement program. Despite retroactive forces and looming difficulties, the school's every phase of progress, too long delayed, must go forward. How can we afford to do other than bring to a successful culmination this worthy advancement of the school for the deaf? In the final analysis, this essential improvement will reflect everlastingly to the credit and glory of our state, while a long neglected people, with the handicap of deafness, will have come at last into their rightful own. (Continued on Page 7, Column 3) Page Six THE SCHOOL HELPER CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES HIGHLIGHT OF THE BASKETBALL SEASON One of the most enjoyable occasions of the entire year was Saturday, February 18, when we had as our guests and "Friendly Enemies" the basketball teams of the Al'abama School for the Deaf. Arriving in the late afternoon they were entertained for supper at the school which shortly preceded our pilgrimage to Rome where the double-header game was staged in the Maple Street Gymnasium. A full account of the game is carried on another page of this paper. but we wish to say in passing that everyone concerned was very much gratified at the outcome of the games. There was a wonderful display of sportmanship by all the teams and we were concerned not so much with which team won as the way in which they won. We were happy that each school won a game. Both teams worked hard and each deserved the good breaks it received. We were especially proud of the girls and boys on the sidelines who encouraged the teams with their cheers and yells. We have never heard of an organized "rooting section" in any other school for the deaf in which the entire student body participated. and we believe we can add that to the other Georgia School's "firsts." Tommy Hamm and Ralph White proved to be first rate cheer leaders and the entire group followed them in perfect rhythm. Each girl had provided herself with a pompon of crepe paper in our school colors which she waved in unison with the movements of the cheer leaders. The effect was very attractive and pleasing and we feel sure it urged our teams on to victory. Following the games we returned to Cave Spring where everything was in readiness for a dance in honor of our guests. Hearn Hall has been elaborately decorated before, but at no time previous has it boasted such a gala appearance. With the colors of the two schools t win i n g and intermingling. streamers of red, white, green and gold were gracefull y festooned from the center of the ceiling to every corner of the large hall. The decorations were put up by a group of older pupils under the direction of Mr. Tollefson. An especially attractive feature was the clever drawing by Fred Buchanan, depicting an exciting moment in a basketball game. A rustic pergola was built by the boys at one end of the hall for the orchestra which furnished music for the occasion. It was a real treat to watch the girls and boys on the dance floor. One person was heard to remark that a casual observer would never suspect that they were unable to hear. Their graceful dancing and easy manners would compare most favorably with their hearing brothers and sisters. After the dance the teams were treated to a midnight supper which was prepared and served by the girls of the domestic science department in their attractive rooms. Shortly after breakfast Sunday morning our Alabama friends departed for Talladega. We hope that they enjoyed the visit as much as we enjoyed having them. Due to the disorganized condition of every department of the school on account of the building program now in progress. it was impossible to entertain our friends in the grand manner, but we did the best we could under the circumstances. When they come again, we hope that our new buildings will be completed and that we can entertain them on our own campus. AN ADVENTURE IN SOCIAL SCIENCE One of the most interesting projects in Social Science ever attempted in our school was the election of officers of the student body March 3. It is seldom. if ever, that a deaf child has the opportunity of entering into a real political campaign with all the ballyhoo. wire pulling. and the many tricks of the game that accompany it. For this reason it was decided to put on such a campaign and note the manner in which the pupils reacted. Let us say here that the pupils were not coached in any way as their proceedings, so the fact that they resorted to at! known political tricks makes the adventure more interesting. The main object of the election was to acquaint the pupils with the way in which a real campaign is conducted. Equally important was the object of instructing the officers as to the duties accompanying the offices to which they were elected: (a) Instilling self-confidence. (b) Managing the affairs of the student body under the direction of a faculty adviser, (c) Giving more intimate I contact with speakers and other visitors to the school and teaching them courtesy and the proper manner in which to greet such visitors. (d) Teaching them to organize any entertainment in which the school as a whole might participate. and (e) Creating the ability to accept criticism gracefully. The first meeting which was held on February 15 was for the purpose of organization. It was decided after some discussion to divide the students into three parties according to the topography of the state and to give them the names of Northern. Middle. and Southern Democrats. The name of Republicans was considered for one group, but it was soon learned that such a party would be most unpopular among those participating so that name was almost immediately withdrawn. Each student was required to register within a given time and signify the party to which he wished to belong. Then came the naming of candidates for each party. The following were selected: NORTHERN DEMOCRATS President Janetta Wilson Vice-President .. Florence Johnson Secretary Ethel Pope Treasurer Margaret Perdue Councilmen Fred Buchanan Kathleen Highfield George Cannon Leroy Garner Mac Elerbee MIDDLE DEMOCRATS President Jack Hitchcock Vice-President Teddy Waters Secretary Byron Avant Treasurer . . . .. Leonard Barrow Councilmen Tommy Hamm SOUTHER DEMOCRATS President Walter Wade Vice-President Doris Herrin Secretary Ralph White Treasurer Lona Holland Councilmen Frankie Baxley Irene Browning Idell Rentz William Massey Esther Poole Almost immediately upon the naming of candidates arose the necessity of having a campaign March, 1939 Page Seven manager. One boy, who undoubtedly would have made a splendid president, chose rather to take over the management of his party's affairs. He had never heard of a campaign manager, but instinctively he realized the need for one and began activities. Others followed his example and soon the campaign was off under full steam. Every trick known to the veteran politician was resorted to. There was first the swapping of votes. The Northern and Middle Democrats. realizing they were hopelessly in the minority decided to band together against the Southerns. dividing the officers between them, As everyone knows this is a practice familiar to every politician. There was also buying of votes. Several cases of coca cola figured in the election. It was gratifying to see the spirit in which the entire school entered into the campaign. Numerous cartoons and placards, clever in design and wording. were posted each day. Among the younger pupils and those less 'able to judge the merits or demerits of the candidates there arose bitter arguments which not infrequently ended in fisticuffs. They were defending their candidates to the best of their abilityju.st another phase of politics. Another interesting angle which is worthy of mention was the fact that because of the personality and popularity of a certain candidate he was elected in spite of the fact that his party as a whole went down in defeat. Several times each week political rallies were held during the campaign and the candidates developed into very creditable extemporaneous speakers. Each leader presented his platform and many were the promises made in case of his election. Daily caususes were held and close tab was kept on the reaction of the voters. Snake dances and "pep sessions" followed each rally. The actual balloting took place Friday, March 3. Tickets similar to the regulation ballot were printed and the pupils were instructed how to use them properl y. Several votes were cast out because the voter either had failed to register or had not marked his ballot properly. The secret ballot was used, only one person being admitted to the voting booth at the time. The ballot box was locked to avoid the danger of changing the tickets. When the polls closed. votes were counted by the campaign managers and a member of he faculty. The following officers were elected: President, Janetta Wilson; VicePresident. Teddy Waters; Secretary. Ralph White; Treasurer. Leonard Barrow: Councilmen. Fred Buchanan, George Cannon, Kathleen Highfield. Idell Rentz. frankie Baxley, and Irene Brownmg, We believe that splendid results have been derived from this election and that the pupils have received instruction that will benefit them all through life. It has given them an insight into what a political campaign re'ally is and how to meet the issues that arise at such a time. The school as a whole is looking forward to the time when another election will be held and when that time comes. we believe the students will be able to carryon without any outside assistance. DR. CHARLES R. ELY PASSES The ranks of the illustrious educators of the deaf have been thinned once more. The memory of a friend, counselor and guide lives on in the hearts of the countless horde of young people who came in contact with Dr. Ely. A monument has been built which will surpass all the materialistic efforts in stone and bronze. Dr. Charles Russell Ely, 69, vicenresident of Gallaudet College and an eminent educator for the deaf in the United States, died yesterday at his home after having been stricken with a heart attack earlier. Dr. Ely, who lived at 6 Kendall Green, N.E., was born in Columbia, Ohio, and was graduated from Yale University with a bachelor of arts degree in 1891. In 1892 he received his master's degree at Gallaudet College, and took his Ph.b. at George Washington University in 1900. Dr. Ely became interested in a career as teacher of the deaf when he lived at Frederick, Maryland, where his father, Dr. Charles Wright Ely, was superintendent of the Maryland School for the Deaf for 42 years. Except for one year, from 1912 to 1913 when he headed the Maryland School for the Deaf following the death of his father, Dr. Ely had been associated with Gallaudet College since 1891 as instructor, assistant professor, in chemistry and vice-president. Dr. Ely was a llow of the American association for the Advancement of Science, a member of the American Institute of Chemists, the Convention of American Instructors of the Deaf. the American Chemical Society, the Entomological Society of America, the Entomological Society of Washington, a member of th Selective Service Board, Disstrict 11, Washington, 1917-1918. He also was a member of the Unitarian Church. He was a contributor on technical and professional topics to various publications, and at one time was a collaborator on forest insect investigations for the Department of Agriculture. He is survived by his wife, Mrs. Louise C. Ely; three daughters, Mrs. Elmer Stewart, of Chivey Chase, Maryland; Mrs. A. D. Studybaker and Mrs. Robert W. Cushman, both of Washington; four grandchildren, all of Washington and two sisters, Miss Grace D. Ely, who retired a year ago as a teacher of deaf children at Kendall School for the Deaf, and Miss Mabel D. Ely, of Cleveland, Ohio. The Rev. Ulyssess G. B. Pierce will conduct funeral services from the Lee funeral home, Fourth street and Massachusetts avenue, N.E., at 1 :30 p.m. tomorrow. Burial will be in Fort Lincoln Cemetry.-The evening Star of Washington, D.C., February 23, 1939. THE LYCEUM CLUB The Lyceum Club has not had a meeting since Christmas due to the amount of sickness at the time of the January meeting. On Monday evening.. February 20. a short business meeting was held by members of the club at 7: 30 in Hearn Hall. New officers were elected for the remainder of the school year. EXPERIENCING PROGRESS (Continued from Page 5) T HE foregoing is information for and an accounting to, our friends and supporters in Georgia. The next installment, dealing with the progress made along these lines of endeavor, is expected to be of relatively greater interest to these self-same people to whom this accounting is due. Still another chapter depicting those hours of discouragement, frustration, determination, and joy over measures of success, that flow as a fierce and ruling undercurrent in any march of progress, would make interesting reading if the writer were gifted enough to tell the story. (To be continued in April Issue of the HELPER) THE SCHOOL HELPER THE MENTALLY RETARDED CHILD (Continued from Page 3) failed to make progress in an oral class because of some physical handicap such as p"aralysis of the speech organs. And thus, we could continue, and when we had finished each child would be classified as an individual problem. Again we find that the only basis upon which these retarded children have been grouped together was that each had not been able to successfully carryon the work of his grade. What then should be done with this group? The development of the retarded child's possibilities becomes the teacher's responsibility. She should feel just as responsible for the education of the mentally retarded child as she now feels for the child who is normal. Unfortunately, many teachers believe either that the mentally retarded child is not worth educating or that they are not responsible for his education. Through the enactment and enforcement of compulsory attendance" laws, society has expressed its belief that every child is worth educating. The function of the teacher is to educate the child, just as the function of the physician is to save the patient. A teacher's attitude that the mentally retarded child is not worth educating is worse than a physician's attitude that the patient's life is not worth saving, since unlike the patient, the child has no choice. He is at the mercy of the teacher. The mentally retarded child is a challenge to the teacher who should take great pride in his development. It is of vital importance that the teacher specialize on the strength rather than on the weakness of the mentally retarded child. Frequently, he is required to spend so much time on the school studies for which he has the least "aptitude that he does not have time to acquire proficiency in the things for which he has the greatest aptitude. Denied the satisfaction of success and discouraged by repeated failures, he leaves school to find that society is interested only in what he can do, not in what be cannot do. Upon the teacher rests the responsibility of preparing pupils to meet life's problems, of facing a crisis without hesitation, and of doing the work of the world constructively. She should make such changes in the regular course of study, in the so-called best methods of instruction, as may be possible to insure the child's development. The very fact that he is mentally retarded means that he requires different treatment. Yet the lives of thousands of such children have been blighted because of a blind faith in traditional subject matter and methods of instruction. Courses of study and methods of instruction are but means to an end-the development of the child. The teacher should teach the fundamentals in educationhonor, duty, truth, courage, faith, hope, love of home, loyalty to the school and state, and love of country. She should interpret life in terms of life; combine reverence of God, for each other, and all His lowly creatures. She should teach self-denial and self-reliance, kindness, helpfulness, sympathy, obedience, punctuality, regularity, industry, application, love of work, joy in service, and satisfaction and strength from difficulties overcome. Almost every child is capable of more and better thinking. The teacher should stir thought in the child by thinking herself. She cannot guide where she does not know the trails. On the other hand she cannot get the child to think by doing all the thinking herself. The teacher should teach reading, writing, and arithmetic, of course, but not as fundamentals, except as in the learning one is taught to read fine things, to write beautiful thoughts, and to know that in the fundamentals of life, the sum of one's happiness cannot be obtained by subtracting from others; that the way to multiply the value Qf one's possessions is to divide them with others, especially those in need. She should teach that which gives knowledge and skill but forget not soul culture. We find that knowledge and skills become dangerous in the hands of persons who have no ideals, and that a person who has high ideals concerning law and authority is less apt to become a public menace. Since the mentally retarded child is more like the normal child in physical traits, than in mental traits, the aim of education is to prepare him to compete with normal individuals in that kind of manual work which requires the least intelligence, that is, in unskilled labor, and to find satisfaction in the social life of the group with which he will live. He will be a follower, not a leader, and he will earn his living with his hands, not with his head. Without health, strength, endurance, motor coordination, and the ability to get along with one's fellows, failure is inevitable even in unskilled labor. Hence, health instruction, physical training, games, and a wide variety of manual activities are of great importance in the education of the mentally retarded child. Athletics play an important part in the formation of ideals of fellowship and sportsmanship. Judgment and reasoning, in which he is weakest, are to be developed through physical and motor training. What are these children experiencing that will help make them more efficient in society? What real-life situations are they having an opportunity to experience? "Experience must originate from life situations", we say. What situations in life would ever present to Jimmie such a problem as naming all the presidents of the United States? Or when would Mary be called upon in real life to recite the imports and exports of South America? Yet day after day, such are the experiences that these children are having. Why should their teacher feel called upon to continually blame or excuse children for their unsuccessful attempts at solving problems, many of which they would never meet in life? In real life, cooperation is a very important phase of character. In our socialized classes we must make the child see that he is an individual who can contribute something to his class-something that no one else can do, and that at the same time he is an individual who must work all his life with others. Initiative is another characteristic of personality that is hard to develop. Project work offers a (Continued on Page 9, Column 3) March, 1939 Page Nine AMONG THE STAFF The Faculty Club of the Geor- Mary Forbes came home from came in COR tact during her years gia School for the Deaf met at Montreat College, North Carolina, of service in Georgia. Hearn Hall Tuesday evening. Feb- the week-end of February 24 for THE HELPER extends sym- ruary 14. Mrs. R. P. Kennard a short visit with their parents. pathy to the surviving members was the faculty speaker of the We extend congratulations to of her family. evening and Superintendent A. N. Me. and Mrs. Roy G. Parks upon '- , Swain was the guest speaker. During the social hour Miss Charlotte Reynolds presented a floor show featuring a group of deaf pupils. Miss Lillie Mae Wood has recovered from an illness of several weeks and is now able to be at her post in the hospital. Mrs. Ruby Perry had as her guest the week-end of February 24 her daughter, Martha K.. who ,lttends West Georgia College at (~arrollton. Tudor Jones. of Marietta. spent a week-end with his mother. Mrs. Jessie" Jones. recently. Mrs. Julia Arnold was confined to her room at the Cave Spring Hotel with an attack of influenza for several days. H. E. Woodruff. who was ill for several weeks. is able to be out agatn. Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Ware were called to Newnan Sunday, February 19, by the death of Me. Ware's brother-in-Iaw, Smiley Parris. Miss Dorris Mann underwent an operation for appendicitis on February 23. During her absence Miss Elleighfare Amason, of Dawson, Georgia. is teaching her classes. One of the most delightful social events of the month was the bridge party at which Mrs. Hollingsworth. Mrs. Gibbons. Mrs. Barnett. and Mrs. Sewell were hostesses Saturday, February 25. The domestic science rooms were made more attractive by bowls of daffodils placed about the rooms. the arrival of their little son Monday. February 27. This embryo superintendent wei g h e d 9!/z pounds at birth and bears his father's name, Roy Gilbert. Mrs. S. G. Gentry was confined to the hospital for several days the latter part of February with influenza. Her daughter, Mrs. Charles Cross. of Atlanta. was with her mother during her illness. Miss Mary Beth B"arnett, of Milledgeville, spent the week-end of February 24 with her mother, Mrs. Leila Barnett. On Sunday they drove to Chattanooga and spent the day with Mr. and Mrs. Dixon Wright. SUSAN H. NORRIS News has recently been received of the death of Miss Susan H. Norris, a former teacher of our school, at the home of her sister, Mrs. Bailey, in New York, February 11. Miss Norris, a native of Philadelphia, received her training to teach the deaf at Mt. Airy, Pennsylvania. where she taught for several years. Coming to Georgia in 1915, Miss Norris was a faithful member of our staff for eleven years. Following the World War Miss Norris was employed by the Veteran's Bureau to teach lip reading to deafened soldiers. For several years she conducted these classes in Cave Spring with splendid results. When Miss Norris left Georgia in 1926 to accept a more lucretive THE MENTALLY RETARDED CHILD (Continued from Page 8) great opportunity for the development of initiative. Let the children choose some subjects in which they are all interested and you will find each of them contributing something new and something of real value. A project which might be carried out with mentally retarded children and one that would furnish real experiences in living is a foods project whereby the children would learn the names of healthful vegetables. go to a store and learn to buy seeds, and then go outdoors and make a real garden. Measu.ring and preparing the garden spot, planting, raising, and selling the vegetables, or preparing, cooking, and serving them would furnish many fine learning situations. Each child's interest might be developed; the problems in arithmetic, geography, hygiene, reading. and all subjects could and would be solved by different members of the class depending upon the intelligence, maturity, sex, and interests of the individuals making up the group. The teachers should make life in the schoolroom profitable and interesting to the children who come under their guidance. They should set up such situations and supply such educational subjectmaterial as will contribute to the five principal needs of living efficiency as a result of having had Mrs. J. K. Carpenter was position in Trenton, New Jersey, greater opportunity for experienc- awarded a lovely pendant for she left a host of friends behind ing life situations during the for- making high score. For scoring who have ever been interested in mative period of their lives. second high. Mrs. Charles Gilmore her welfare. She remained at the The products which are turned received a pretty piece of linen. New Jersey school until she retired out by our schools will not be up Low score, a pretty handkerchief. from active service a few years to the standards of social efficiency went to Mrs. Jessie Jones. Mrs. ago. Since that time she has made until we, who are at the controls John Welles won the bingo prize. her home in Arlington, Vermont of these great machines. realize Refreshments consisted of chic- where she had built a home. that what is turned out is the sum ken salad. olives, individual Miss Norris was unexcelled in total of what is put in; and that squares of cake, and coffee. the profession as a teacher, ever we must furnish the raw materials Mrs. Ruth Forbes was called to gaining the devotion and admira- of life-like experience -those Carlisle, Kentucky, February 24 tion of her pupils. She was a which will present real problems by the death of her sister, Mrs. J. most vital personality and will in life situations-in order to turn W. Martin. long be held in loving remember- out such products as will meet the Miss Emmalee Jones and Miss ance by all those with whom she requirements of society. Page Ten THE SCHOOL HELPER UNIT OF WORK ON SHELTER A Study of the Geography of the Home The following summary and outline of the unit on shelter fur- nished a half year's work in home geography with a class of inter- mediate deaf children. It also served as a basis for the correlation of the other subjects of the cur- riculum. One of the primary needs of deaf children is to know more about the every day world about them, which they too often take for granted. Homes furnished a good starting point. I. OBJECTIVES: A. To teach pupils more about the houses and homes that they see every day. B. To teach the health factors involved in homes. C. To show the effect of different kinds of shelter on the individual and on the community as a whole. D. To teach the materials that are used in building homes. E. To show the likenesses and needs of all races of men. F. To enlarge the pupils' vocabulary and vision. II. MEA S OF ApPROACH: Last year the class had studied about the three primary needs of man,-food, shelter, and clothing. They had studied about Eskimos, Chinese, Japanese, Africans, and Indians from these three angles. A. Homes of each of these groups were recalled and contrasted. B. Class decided that they would like to learn more about all kinds of homes in our country and in other countries. C. Class found pictures of various kinds of homes in readers, histories, and geographies. D. List was made of the various kinds of homes that they wanted to know about. III. KINDS OF HOMES: A. (1) Log cabins (2) Rock or stone houses (3) Brick houses (4) Caves (5) Cliff dwellings (6) Wigwams (7) Tents (Arabian) (8) Straw houses (thatched houses) (9) Hogans (10) Houses-on-stilts (11) Igloos (12) Houses of wood and pa- per (Japanese) (13) Apartment houses (14) Skyscrapers B. To learn something, if possible, about: (1) Shingled houses (2) Glass houses (3) Metal houses (4) Cement houses The class asked many questions of one another relative to the type of home in which they lived and in which they would like to live. Many new words came up that were listed for later study and use. One pupil wanted to know which was the most interesting house near Cave Spring. Inquiry revealed that the old 'ante-bellum home of the Gibbons at Six Mile probably was. An excursion to the house was planned. IV. CLASS EXCURSIONS: The first step was to write notes to Miss Gibbons asking if the class might go through the house. The class chose the best note and it was sent. After permission was received, an outline was made of the interesting features the pupils wanted to see. Each child made out a list of questions that he personally wanted to find out. The trip was made in two cars and occupied a whole morning. The class could have stayed several days because there were so many interesting things and places to explore. They learned that the house was made of brick, cement, and wood; and that the bricks were made by the slaves. In the attic of the house they saw where hams had been hidden during Sherman's march and the grease marks on the ceiling below. They saw where the house had been damaged by two tornadoes. Among the interesting objects in the attic were a knapsack that had been used during the war, a bridle from a Union cavalry horse, the uniform that Me. Gibbons had worn when he went away to war, and the side saddle that Mrs. Gibbons had ridden. Miss Gibbons surprised the class by serving them punch and cookies. After a thorough rambling over all parts of the house from attic to wine cellar, the class went out doors and visited the kennels, the slave quarters, the spring, and cress ponds. They explored a little of the cave above the spring and learned of a quicksand in the pond. They learned some of the Indian lore of the surrounding hills. Last they visited the old graveyard and read the names and dates on the old tombstones. These are some of the new words and phrases learned during the trip: attic, gable, plaster, ceiling, grease mark, knapsack, side saddle, tornado, uniform, wrecked, historic, Confederate, Union, wine cellar, tombstone, graveyard, slave quarters, hearthstone, column, cement, cistern. kennels, quicksand, and Southern hospitality. V. TEACHING PRODUCE: A Summary of trip. 1. otes of thanks to Miss Gibbons 2. Class topic of trip formulating the new ideas in the 14nfamiliar language. 3. Ten topic sentences placed on board. 4. Each pupil wrote his own account of trip using the outline. 5. Reading "My Old Kentucky Home" from New Paths. 6. Action work to fix new words and phrases. B Other homes 1. Stereopticon vie w s of brick houses. 2. Views of many other houses showing the different types of homes in each group. C Then all the others classes of homes were studied through reading, discussion, topics, pictures, orginal drawings, and summary questions. VI. MATERIALS USED FOR HOMES: (1) Snow blocks (2) Adobe (sun-dried bricks) (3) Skins (4) Tree branches, grass and leaves. (5) Lumber (6) Sand, clay, and bricks (7) Paper (8) Iron, tin, brass, and other metals (9) Glass (10) Marble, slate, and other stones. (11) Tile (12) Lime (13) Cement VII. ACTIVITY: A. A log cabin 14" by 10" was built from young saplings chopped down on the school property. This involved much measuring, planning, and read- March, 1939 ing. The class learned many neW concepts and words from discussion and writir.g up the daily progress of the cabin. From this building of the log cabin a history project on early colonial life in New England was begun. B !'arge free-hand drawings of the various kinds of homes were done by some membet's of class. VIII. PURPOSE OF A HOME: A. It shelters people from sun, rain, snow, and cold. B. It guards against intruders. C. It insures privacy for family life. D. It gives a family a surround- ing of comfort and beauty. IX. CORRELATION WITH OTHER SUBJECT: A. English 1. Letter and note writing a. Notes of request to Miss Gibbons b. Notes of thanks to her c. Notes of request and thanks to people on campus for tools and materials needed in unit. d. Letters home telling of activity. 2. Composition a. Topic-"Our Trip to an Interesting Old Home" b. Topics condensetl for newspaper. c. Paragraphs on daily progress of cabin. d. Paragraphs (reading reactions) on various types of homes. Page Eleuen B. Arithmetic 1. Relation of speed to distance. 2. Measuring and sawing for log cabin. 3. Practical problems based on facts of trips, from reading, and from building. C. Reading 1. Read many stories and books to find out about types of homes. 2. Read geographies to get accurate facts about homes. 3. Read histories and stories to get fact about log cabins and certain phases of early colonial life in New England. 4. Read to compare health and safety features of various types of homes. D. History 1. Learned about War-Between-the-States. 2. Built log cabin. 3. Learned abou,t early coloni- al life in New England. 4. Contrasted early colonial buildings, life, dress, and customs with those of today. E. Geography 1. Made world geography and interdependence of man more vital. F. Hygiene 1. Realizations of need of home as shelter. 2. Realization that health of individual is dependent upon kind of home he has. 3. Realization that most homes today are more healthy than homes long ago. G. Dictionary~ Work 1. Use of dictionary increased. 2. Right meaning of word chosen to fit context. X. OUTCOMES: A. Anticipated Outcomes 1. Pupils learned many things ~ about houses and homes. 2.- They learned the health factors involved in a home. 3. They learned the effect of different kinds of shelter on the individual. 4. They learned materials used in building homes. 5. They realized the likenesses and needs of all people are the same. 6. They have an enlarged vocabulary B. Additional Outcomes 1. Greater love of reading. 2. More intelligent use of dic- tionary. 3. Realization that man has progressed far since he lived in trees. 4. Use and need of fire. XI. SOURCES OF MATERIALS: (BIBLIOGRAPHY) Living in Different Lands-McConnell Around the World-Carpenter Best Stories-Marjorie Hardy Make and Make Believe-Third Reader Children of Foreign Lands New Paths-Modern World Series Child-Story Readers-Book Foul' Neighbors and Friends Story of Our Republic-Foote Story of Our Nation-Barker Additional readers Pamphlets -Edythe D. Montgomery. PUPILS' LOCAL NEWS Mrs. Clark's Class Jewel Wilson has some new shoes. She is happy. Dorothy Higgins received a card from her father Friday afternoon. Hugh McLeroy and Walter McCord played cards one afternoon. They had a good time. Hope Ellis likes to play basket ball. Earl Webster skated in the chapel Saturday night. Hulet Hawkins and Billy Adams swept Mrs. Arnold's schoolroom one afternoon. John Green was smart. Mrs. Clark gave him a nickel. William Bell was sick Sunday morning. He did not come to Sunday school. Hulet Hawkins and John Holbrook played basketball Saturday afternoon. Charles Stokes has a bad cold. We are sorry. Mrs. Ware's Class We went to Mrs. Ware's one morning. F. B. Smith saw a toy car and a toy wheelbarrow. Bonnie McIntyre saw some yellow flowers. Mary Godwin saw some gold fish. Lindbergh Armour saw two red birds. Carlos Redden saw a small black dog. Thelma Holloway saw an old table. Ronnie White, Albert Smith, Herbert Fuqua, Walter Johnson, and Phillips Hester receiVd some valentines February 14. Mrs. Jones's Class Louise Brant received a letter from h~r father February 3. He told her that her sister, Beulah, was sick. Louise hopes that she is much better now. Frances Bartlett's father mother, sister, and brother came Sunday, February 19. They had lunch at the spring. Frances enjoyed the day very much. Alton Dominey was in the hospital for several days this month. Weare glad that he is able to be back in school again. Frances Hoy got three boxes from home this month. She was glad to get them. Carlton Scurry got a letter from his father February 24. Page Twelve THE SCHOOL HELPER His father sent him twentyfive cents. He got a letter from his sister, Skippy, February 25. She sent him twenty-five cents, too. Grady Carlisle got a box from home February 20. He was glad to get it. Evelyn Morgan gets letters from home almost every day. She is always glad to hear from her mother and sisters. Junior Culberson got a letter from his sister, Eva Mae, recently. He was glad to hear from her. IMrs. ShipleY'f ClasS/ Bobby Gorman's mama and daddy sent him a valentine and a quarter February 14. Ralph Gentry went home February 17. John Pate received a card from his mama February 27. R. T. and Tarver Holmes got a card from their mama one day last week. Lester Smith's mama and daddy have moved to Uvalda. Edna Pope likes to wear her glasses. Ruth Owens has a doll. Wilda Mauldin, Evelyn Robinson, and Rhunette Fallin have been sick. They are well now. J'ohn Barn~tt has some money. Miss McDermott's Class Herbert White has a ball. Vinton Troup has a box. Duwayne Dukes has a book. Tom Byrd has a gun. Patsy Baker has a doll. Bud Little has a top. Mrs. Casey's Class Beth Noblitt is happy to have a new pair of brown shoes. Sue Brannan got a card from her mother February the fourteenth. Her mother wrote that she had twelve baby chicks. Sue wants to see them. George Vaughan likes to go to the chapel and throw goals. Clarence Highfield's sister sent him a quarter February the twenty-fourth. He gave Mr. McCanless twenty cents for a Scout book. J ames Vickers's mother wrote him that she and Mr. Vickers would come to see him soon. James will be happy to see them. Raymond Baker received a new pair of black shoes February the seventeenth. He was happy to get them. Mrs. Arnold's Class Mack Padgett spent February the nineteenth at home. Ned Palmer's ankle is well. Roscoe Singletary was skating two weeks ago. He fell and hurt his ankle. He was in the hospital for several days. Olin Love got a box Thursday. Mattie O'Dell has new shoes. They are brown and white. Brinkley Smith's mother sent him a dollar February the ninth. He bought a kodak. Bobby Rose came back to school February the eighteenth. Virginia Giles's mother bought some baby chickens for her. Virginia will feed the chickens next summer. Frank Tyndall got a card from his sister Friday. Mrs. Carpenter's Class Lloyd Newton was sick for a month. We are glad he is well. Grace Sharp, Billie Ethridge, and Bonnie Craig got valentine .boxes of candy. Bobby Davis. Clyde Crook, Oran Price, Bonnie Craig, and Lloyd Newton went to Rome Saturday night, February the eighteenth. They saw the Alabama and G. S. D. games. Louise Callaway, Grace Sharp. and Carolyn Gunnells have' pretty new sweaters. Miss Casey's Class Pauline Childers got some valentines. The boys went for a walk one day. Bud Little saw a rabbit. Janie Elder and Nell Smith went to Hearn Hall February the eighteenth. They danced. A man gave Billy Hayes some money. Billy bought some candy. Mrs. Kennard gave John Harrell some money. Miss Watson came to see Charles Allison February 22. She brought him three boxes. Dale White's mama came Friday, February 24. Mary Robert's daddy came one Sunday. J. W. Mock got a card Sunday, February 26. Miss Stevens's Class Elaine Pannall gave Hulet a chocolate sucker Friday morning. Jackie Hallman's mother came to see her Sunday, February 26. Jackie gave Vera some candy Sunday night. Jackie, Vera, Carlton. J ames, Marvin and Eloise bought some ice cream at the drug store one Friday. Elaine gave Eloise a sandwich Sunday afternoon. Raymond, Marvin, Clen, Hulet. James, and Carlton skated in the chapel Sunday afternoon. J ames fell again and ag~in. Carlton laughed and laughed. Bonnie bought some flashlight batteries for James one afternoon. Mrs. Woodruff's Class Clentard Bishop got a box Saturday. His mother sent him a new jacket. Alton Holman had a good time at the show Sunday night. Mrs. CUI)l'y, Virginia, Frances and Georgia Belle saw a rat Saturday night. Mrs. Woodruff's class went to see Mr. Woodruff one afternoon. He is almost well. He had a pipe. Mary Baker's mother gave her a new dress and a red cape. Lorraine Kickligther wants to see Allan's little baby brother. Lamar Spratling went for a walk one afternoon. He saw an old house. He had a good time. ADMINISTRATION E. D. Rivers Governor State Board of Public Welfare Braswell Deen Dil'ector Dr. C. J. Welborn,Director, Div.of Institutions In cooperation with Floyd Counb" Board of Education J. Scott Davis A. N. Swain Chairman County Sup't of Schools Administration C. H. Hollingsworth, M. A Superintendent J. C. Harris, M. A. . Sup't Emeritus Janice R. Caple John L. Caple Mildred Miller Otis Grimes Secretary Steward Stohroom Clerk Storekeeper OFFICERS AND TEACHERS Academic Roy G. Parks, M. A Principal Marie Kennard,B.S. Supervisor,Primary Dept. Julia L. Arnold Edythe D. Montgomery Gladys E. Carpenter Charlotte Reynolds, B.S. Katherine Casey Ila Sewell, A. B. Pauline N. Casey Carolyn M. Shipley Gladys B. Clark Jessie Stevens Edith Fitzgerald, M.A. Olaf Tollefson, B. A. Ruth Forbes Sarah F. Ware Nell A. Gibbons Rosalee E. Welles Jessie F. Jones John Welles Juliet McDermott Allie S. Woodruff Harriet C. Stevens, A. B., Librarian Vocational John L. Caple Principal A. May Clark Doris Mann, B.S.H.E. Barton Clark, B. A. J. R. Ware William McCanless Cecil White Annie McDaniel H. E. Woodruff, B.S.A. Physical Education Sarah F. Ware Director of Girls Race Drake, B. A Director of Boys Medical J. C. Connor, M. D General Practitioner W. S. Watson, D. D. S Dentist Ralph McCord, M. D. . Otologist Lillie Mae Wood,R. N Nune Household Lela H. Barnett Matron of Dormitories Esther G. Curry Supervisor Elise Sawyer Supervisor Annie D. Dickerson Director of Laundry Olaf Tollefson, B. A Dean of Boys Race Drake, B. A Head Supervisor Connor Dillard Supervisor Everett Ryle Barber and Janitor Luella Brown Supervisor of Small Boys Mytrice Walker Assistan't Ruby D. Perry Dining-room Matron J. A. Elrod Night Watchman Maintenance John L Caple Engineer C. H. Chapman Mechanic Capers Baxter Fireman Calvin Holman Fireman D. S. Peck Plumber H. E. Woodruff Farm Manager Jim Baker Yardman William Stewart Farmer Harvey Wilson Dairyman J. F. Morgan Carpenter J. D. Rice Estelle G. Rice Wilamenia Benton Annie Mae Bostick School for the Colored Principal Teacher Teacher Teacher Bertie London Rosalie Moore James E. Swanson Cynthia Strange SeamstrellS Matron Boys' Supervisor Girls' Supervisor 11111 450 SCHOOL APRIL,1939 PUBLISHED AT THE GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF ~ SHALL WE KEEP THE FAITH? ~ EXPERIENCING PROGRESS AN OPEN LETTER ~ CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES ~ VOCATIONAL SECTION STUDENT ESSAYS GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF CAVE SPRING, GEORGIA (;eneralStatemment The Georgia School for the Deaf is a part of the public school system of the state. It is strictly an educational institution, operated under the authority of the State for the benefit of deaf and hard of hearing children who are mentally and physically able to profit by school attendence. The school is non-sectarian and separate schools are operated for white and colored children. Pupils in attendance live in the school during the school term which ordinarily runs from September to June. Pupils are permitted to go home for Christmas holidays and at otper stated intervals. Parents and friends are welcomed as visitors. Who May Attend The School For The Deaf? Persons between the ages of 7 and 25 may attend the school if they are too deaf to go to the regular public schools. They must be of sound mind and physically able to attend school. Children who are feeble-minded or who have speech defects without any loss of hearing are not accepted. How Much Does It Coat To Attend? The school is free. Parents or guardians are expected to furnish only simple clothing and transportation. If they are unable to meet these expenses the state will assume the full cost on proper application and proof of need. What I. Taught In The School? Instruction in the subjects commonly taught in the public schools is given. In addition, training in ability to speak and to read speech from the lips of other persons is given all pupils. Voactional education in a variety of trades and occupatiolUl is provided for both boys and girls. Religioug services of a non-sectarian nature are conducted on Sundays. The entire program of instruction aims to deveolp the deaf child so that he will be a happy, self-supporting, and useful member of normal society after graduation from the school. College preparatory work is offered to promising pupils who desire it. How Are Pupils Taught? The school has a large, special-trained faculty. Pupils who show an aptiude for speech and lip-reading are taught by the Oral (speech and lip-reading) method. For those pupils who are unable to make satisfactory progress in the mastery of speech and speechreading, classes are conducted by means of writing and the manual alphabet (finger spelling) . What "Homme Life" Do The Pupils Have? The boys and girls live in separate dormitories which are clean and well-heated and ventilated. Matrons and supervisors have charge of the children in the dormitories and on the playgrounds. They attend to the needs of the children in a thorough, sympathetic, and parental manner. Well-balanced meals, carefully prepared, are served at regular hours. A careful physical check is kept on each child under the direction of a capable doctor and a registered nurse. The school has its own hospital that cares for any ordinary illneSB among the pupils. A carefully-planned social program rounds out the school life of the child and fosters his development in the same way that an orderly home promotes the welfare of the normal child. How May A Child Be Admmitted? Anyone who is interested in securing admission for a child should write for an application blank. Address all communications to: MR. C. H. HOLLINGSWORTH, Superintendmt GEORGIA SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF CAVE SPRING, GEORGIA SCHOOL H E L PER C. H. HOLLINGSWORTH . Roy G. PARKS . . N ELL A. GIBBONS . H. E. W OODRUFF BARTON CLARK .Editor ex-officio Editor Associate Editor Associate Editor Printing Instructor VOL. 39 APRIL. 1939 No. 7 IN THIS ISSUE SHALL WE KEEP THE FAITH? 2 EDITORI ALS 3 SUPERINTENDENT'S CORNER 6 AM0 NG THE STAFF 7 CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES__________________________________________________________ 8 VOCAT IONAL SECTION 9 STUDENT ESSAYS 10 All communications should be addressed to the School Helper, Cave Spring. Georgia. Published monthly during the school year in the Printing Department of the Georgia School for the Deaf. Entered at the Post Office at Cave Spring, Georgia, as second class matter Novem- ber, 1899. Acceptance for mailing at special rate of postage provided in Section 103. Act of October 3,1917. Authorized October 31,1918. Subscription price is fifty cents for nine months. SHALL WE KEEP THE FAITH? by JOHN L. CAPLE I'Guizar asked Lowell, 'How long do you think the American Republic will continue?' Lowell put his life conviction and his despair into his an. swer, .As long as the ideals of the Founders arc observed.' It William McAndrew, WHICH WAY, AMERICA? in a symposium compiled by Fredrick Palmer, WORLD'S WORK, April,I928. THE early founders of the schools for the deaf had certain definite ideas about teaching. They believed in education that emphasized service rather than pleasure. Proof of this stands out ,in the early establishment of vocational courses in our schools. If Lincoln had visited some of our schools at the time he was attempting to give vocational education to our state colleges (in the Land Grant College Act), he would have seen such classes in secondary schools for the deaf, a service not given our public schools until the World War days of 1917. The deaf have been a proud group all through the years. Thanks to the foresight of the early founders, they have been above the average economically. Why? Because the boys and girls graduating from our schools for the deaf have been better prepared to face life than have boys and girls graduating from public high schools. They have been trained for the job. The business world is always looking for the trained man or woman. With this lead in the vocational field given us by the founders, ARE WE KEEPING THE FAITH? I believe that few will contend tha t we are. Vocational education as the "new baby" on the doorstep of our public schools received maltreatment at first, but in recent years, has been going forward by leaps and bounds. With the various state and national organizations and associations interested in vocational education, at the beck and call of our public schools, schools for the deaf are in danger of being left as sadly behind now as public schools were behind us thirty years ago. If this happens, will the deaf be able to continue in their happy, economical, and social state? What is going to happen when their hearing brothers are being better prepared for positions in life than they? There are a number of factors that contribute to this: 1. The modern trend of federal policies governing elegibility of vocational teachers favors hiring instructors who have "come up through the mill" rather than men with high John L. Caple academic degrees. I believe deaf men and women, who have the ability, if properly trained, make the best vocational teachhs for our schools. The question is, where can they get the neccessary training? The sad story is that they must take the training they receive in our secondary schools and supplement this with years of experience as craftsmen in their occupations. Then, even if they are prepared to do an excellen t job in a vocational class, most of our schools are not willing to accept them because they lack a college degree. 2. Public schools offer training to everyone needing it, when they need it, Schools for the deaf are educating young people only. Very little is being done for the deaf after they leave school to help them on the job. 3. Public schools are receiving Federal Aid which runs as high as 50 % of the cost of operating classes. Schools for the deaf are not taking advantage of this free help. 4. Public schools have group meetings, state meetings, regional meetings, and national meetings. Schools for the deaf have very little contact with one another. 5. Public schools are continually making surveys of present day business and fitting their cou.rses of instruction to its needs. Schools for the deaf are hanging on to some courses that have been obsolete for man y years. For everyone hundred in the fifth grade of our public schools, only seven will enter college and only two will graduate from college. How would a survey of our schools for the deaf compare with this? Public schools have bee!1 criticized ~or building their entire course of lDstruction around the idea of sending their pupils to college when only seven out of one hundred will enter. What can we say for our schools for the deaf? " . . . . the swift changes in every phase of our stantly taking epnlavcier,onwmilel nbt~ concon- tinuously accelerated by the progress of science and inven- tion. Fifty years from now the gap will be widened between the service of the schools to our citizens and the real demands of life. On the one hand. the ever-receding goals of this democra~y will. be advancing at an ever-mcreasmg speed; on the other hand, our system of edu- cation will be lagging farther and still farther behind the real requirements and the expecta- tions of citizenship. Under these conditions it is easy to foretell (Continued on Page 7) April, 1939 Page Three i\.CROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK An Open Letter to Parents and Friends: We are rapidly approaching the end of another school year. It is time to take an inventory of the year and see what progress we have made, evaluate the progress in term of what can be accomplished another year. and eliminate any undesirable features from the year's program. As stockholders in one of th~ most important plants in existence, it behooves you to become cognizant of the assets and liabilities of the company in which you hold important stock. So in making this report I hall endeavor to place it in the form which will give you a picture of your company. By conscientiously giving your thought and attention to the contents you may be able to discern our line of attack and carryon the education of your child while he or she is at home during the summer months. As teachers we find the school term all too short at best. The child loses a great deal of that which he has gained unle s his education is continued in some manner during the summer. The hearing child doe3 not lose so much as his deaf brother because he has better opportunitie through the medium of the radio, telephone and general conver ation. With these thought in mind we move on to our report. With the exception of two weeks at Christmas, school remained open from September 21 until April 15; making 140 teaching days in actual session or a loss of 3lh weeks as compared with last year, or 5lh weeks as compared with recent years. The faculty of the academic department consisted of twenty-one teachers, two of whom also taught physical education in addition to regular classroom work. Each member of the faculty was conscientious and devoted to his or her work. Too much credit can not be given the teachers who have faced untold difficulties and at times almost hardships in order that your child might receive that to which he was entitled. Cooperation has been splendid in spite of all the difficulties. The advanced department was moved to Hearn Academy about a quarter of a mile from the main building . The classrooms in the primary department were shifted from pillar to post due to the building and expansion pro- gram. Many of the roomS were inadequately lighted and not always properly ventilated. All bore these hardships with a smile knowing that in another year all the above mentioned obstacles would be removed. Changes were made in the course of study and time allotment. Heretofore classes in the academic department were held in the morning and vocational training was given in the afternoon. aturally the vocational classes were crowded and the best distribution of time was not obtained. Beginning in September the day was divided into three periods. One period being from 8:00 till 10:15; another period from 10 :30 till 12 :45 and the last period from 2 :00 till 4 :00. Academic classes were held two periods a day and vocational training one period. Part of the pupils were in school from 8 :00 till 12 :45 and in shop from 2 :00 till 4 :00; others were in school from 10 :30 till 12 :45 and from 2 :00 till 4 :00 and in the shop from 8 :00 till 10 :15; others were in chool from 8 :00 till 10 :15 and the middle period was spent in shop. This arrangement gave a better distribution of time' and placed the vocational teacher in the shop from 8 :00 till 4 :00 with smaller classes. The time of the classroom teacher was better distributed although she did not actually teach any longer. The free period gave her time for classroom preparation. The four most advanced classes were placed in rotation, the chief objective being to take advantage of the specialization on the part of some of the teachers. Each of the four teachers i a pecialist in her field. This has trengthened our advanced program immeasurably. Another ylear will bring even greater specialization and added subjects to the advanced curriculum. The curriculum will be enlarged as quickly as the pupils and teachers are ready for enlargement. A course of tudy for the advanced department has been written, tested, and in another year it will be revised to suit our needs. Improvements and changes have taken place in the primary and the intermediate courses of study. While at the time of writing, the program has not been completed, the materials for a com- plete new course of study are available and Page Four THE SCHOOL HELPER have been tested. Falling in line with the most progressive ideas in present day curriculum building, reading, and written language have been given greater emphasis, while at the same time speech and speech-reading continue to hold their place in the curriculum. This was made possible by a better distribution of time, taking into consideration the element of fatigue. Integration of the outside school life, vocational life, and academic life is taking place. Life situations instead of artificial situations have been the keynote in building the new curricu- lum. We must have a curriculum not only for the average or the bright child, but we must have one for the slow child. There are children who profit very little from academic work but profit a great deal from vocational work. A start was made in this direction this year. One class was placed in vocational training four hours and in the classroom two hours. Classroom work was designed chiefly to fit the boy or girl into society immediately. The chief stress was to bring to the boy or girl only that which would assist him in actually securing a position, holding the position, and maintaining his place in the society in which he lives. An attempt is being made at the present to find the problems the boys and girls face and write those into a course of study. For instance, the use of a Sears Roebuck catalogue would be a part of the course of study. Very, very closely associated with our academic curriculum and vocational curriculum are what we term co-curricular activities. The co-curricular activities are designed to develop the child socially and morally. A badly warped individual is a misfit into society just as an uneducated person is. Co-curricular activities embrace the time when the child is not in the classroom or vocational building. To those of you who have been close readers of the Helper, no explanation is needed. To those of you who have not, we will make a brief outline. Co-curricular activities may be classified under the following heads: (1) Leisure time Activities or Hobbies (a) photography (b) airplane modeling (c) handicraft (d) woodworking (for pleasure) (e) metal work (f) reading clubs (g) knitting clubs (h) glee clubs (i) dancing clubs (2) Physical Activities (a) football (We had no team this year, but plans are going forward for a team this fall.) (b) basketball (c) All the common sports both major and minor. (3) Social Activities (a) Boy Scouts (b) Girl Scouts (c) Future Farmers cf America (d) Future Homemakers of America (e) Boys' Athletic Association (f) Girls' Athletic As~cciation (g) Dramatic Club (4) Intellectual and Moral Activities (a) Lyceum Club (b) Student Body Organization (c) Sunday School Organization (d) Bible Study Groups The Student Body Organization was designed to give the girl or boy practice in the political life of a community. Actual selection of candidates and voting under as near normal conditions as possible were carried out. Our Student Body Organization also assumed a small portion in discipline and school functions. A great many other activities took place dur:ng the year which would be hard to classify. They have added untold values to the lives of t:.e boys and girls. Parties and social functions on week-ends were numerous. Perhaps the highlight of the social season was the Boys' Athletic Association Banquet. (An account of the banquet will be found elsewhere in the Helper.) The organization of a cheering section promoted a much needed school spirit as well as calling forth all the best efforts in speech. The adoption of an Alma Mater song a~1d Pep song were highlights which can not be overlooked. The children never missed an opportunity of singing their Alma Mater and Pep songs. On several occasions the student body was called upon to provide entertainment in the local churches. The grace and ease with which the children performed brought joy to the hearts of those present. These are but samples of the many interesting experiences which the children have had during the year. A' start has been made and the work should be continued under an able director. Plans for Another Year The completion of a course of study for our immediate use is contemplated for the coming year. The completion will in reality be the beginning of another revision in order that we may promote professional growth within the present faculty. A closer and more harmonious relationship between outside supervision and classroom work will be attempted. Every effort will be made to teach outside of school as well as inside. In order to accomplish this end we must set up professional g,'tandards which can be met only by the highest type of individual. A more complete program in physical education and health will be attempted. Complete coordination of the work of the physical education staff, household staff, and medical staff April, 1939 Page Five will be attempted. It is hoped that 2.. full time director for both girls and boys wHlbe employed. Increased playground equipment and facilities and an adequate gymnasium and assembly hall are looked forward to with eagerness. The Kiwanis Club of Rome has given us some playground equipment. It is hoped that such practices will not be necessary in the future. Construction of a football field, track and tennis courts will soon be underway. This will enable us to enlarge our competitive sport program to the same level as that of an ordinary high school. Added playground space will enable us to have a program of intramural sports. It is hoped with the completion of the Primary Unit an audiometer will be available for testing the hearing of each child in school and thoSle with sufficient hearing be given an opportunity to use it to the fullest extent. Increased testing of hearing will obviously call for changes in the course of study to fit the abilities of the hard of hearing child, however, this can not be accomplished until we secure the proper equipment. Another change we are anticipating is the addition of chemistry, biology and physics to the curriculum of the advanced students. This will depend to a" large extent on whether the school building will be remodeled in time for the opening of school. The library should be enlarged and adequate C1l~arters provided. Under the direction of Mrs. H. C. Stevens the library has already acquired a great number of new volumes. A reading hour instead of a study hour is contemplated in the future. The books we have must be made more accessible to the children. It is planned to continue the practice of abandoning formal study-hour and substituting worthwhile meetings, lectures by prominent men and as stated before an evening reading hour. It means that the teacher will have study-hour as a part of her daily program and the advanced students will be required to complete their work on the outside just as any normal boy or girl. I wish in closing to impress upon you as parents one fundamental principle: Reading is the basis of a higher education and understanding the complicated world in which we live. You must assume the obligation and responsibility of seeing that your child reads as much as po sible. Do not pamper your child. . ccept nothing but the best from him even though at times you might feel that you are dealing rather harshly with him. I feel indeed grateful to all of you who have bOine with me during the past year, and to those who have so graciously extended to me the opportunity to carryon the cademic program. It is my firm belief that under the leadership of your present superintendent, Mr. C. H. Hollingsworth, Georgia will take her place in the first division of the prominent schools for the deaf. ~_ . Yours truly, Roy G. Parks, Principal An Easter Party A delightful Easter party was held at the St. Marks Church in Atlanta Saturday, April 8. It was attended by more than fifty people. All present had a good time from the opening egghunt until the last duck was given away. (Incidentally your editor feels that he was cheated. He found a bag of eggs but the judges refused to count them. I wonder why?) Mr. and Mrs. Clark were the lucky individuals of the evening. They took a trunk load of rabbits, dogs, and ducks home with them. Glen Powell Passes Glen Powell, brother of Billy Powell one of our pupils, passed away at the Southern Baptist Hospital in Atlanta Saturday, March 18. It is not given us to understand the ways of God, but we know the world has been made a better place in which to life with his short sojourn among us. The school family extends its deepest sympathy to the parents and relatives of the deceased. Thanks for the Equipment The Kiwanis Club of Rome has donated a jungle gymn to the primary children for their new playground. The equipment will be installed just as soon as the playground site is cleared. The Kiwanis Club intends to add a piece of equipment from time to time until we have secured a sufficient amount. We appreciate what the Kiwanis Club has done for us not only for the materialistic donation but for the moral support and interest shown. The Club is contemplating sponsoring our Boy Scout troop, however, no definite plans have been made at the time of writing. We believe that the boys will gain a great deal from the associations and contacts with the prominent men of Rome. Likewise, we believe the men will gain from their association with our boys. He who would have friends must show himself friendly. Or as Emerson put it, If your would have a friend, be one. Selected. Like the Arabs we silently fold our tents and steal away. . Page Six THE SCHOOL HELPER SUPERINTENDENT'S CORNER A Experiencing Progress s a continuance under the a- . bove caption, and (continued) to divulge what is trusted to be progress made toward those certain objectives as outlined in the March issue of the SCHOOL HELPER, the writer refers you to the editor's, "An Open Letter to Parents and Friends." page 2, 3, 4. In this letter Principal Parks, gives a very clear and able presentation of the year's a(ademic endeavors, some accomplishments, and further objectives to be sought. To avoid duplicity we move on to some additional phases of developments not particularly covered in this report. It is our intention to more definitely identify vocational education in the program and to point out certain dangers which are threatening the continued wholesome progress of the school. It will be noted that, in this letter referred to, changes were m"ade in course of study and time allotment. These changes are significant in several respects. Of not least importance is the fact that vocational subjects "are given a more special emphasis. This was done without, to any extent. we"akening the academic department's schedule. At the same time these changes give latitude and prominence to the vocational program to the extent that: 1. Boys and girls not able to make appreciable progress in aca- demic subjects, yet capable of" accruing much benefit from certain vocational training, can actually major in this preferred department. 2. Time allotment requirements made by the State Department of Vocational Education can be fully met. 3. A better rounded out vocation- al program, so essential to the actual educational needs of our Georgia boys and girls, becomes an integral part of the curricu- lum. To say that this vocational emphasis during the past two years, under the expert guidance of state department supervision, has proven a great boon to the general progress of the school is putting it mildly. This tying up with outside educational forces affords new interest, educational aids, and disseminates understanding and appreciation of some of the school's problems and needs. For the first time our State Department of Education is recognizing the Georgia School for the Deaf as an intensely interesting educational institution; an institution worthy of a definite and important niche in the state's educational. pattern. This in itself has fully repaid ev~ry effort made to qualify for aid under provisions of the Smith-Hughes and George-Deen acts. The school has too long been unknown within the state as a high type educational institution. It is interesting to note that, although We considered vocational education opportunities an especial advan tage to the slow pupiL a survey of the classes disclosed "a majority of the upper third" bracket of students enrolled in some vocational subject. Two of the liveliest groups on the campus are the "Future Farmers of America" and the "Future Homemakers of America." This former duly authorized group, according to records, is the first F.F.A. chapter of deaf boys in the world. Attesting to the adaptability of the agriculture course, and the versatility of the boys in this group. is the fact that on entering a stock judging contest, competing with more than one hundred and fifty teams of high school hearing boys, this team of deaf boys was thirtyeighth from the top in their percentage score. To some, such results as this are surprising, yet they disclose a result and a trend worthy of close study and serious consideration. Many of the vitally alive "Hobby Club" groups now functioning on the campus emanated from a new interest developed by the Trades and Industrial Division of vocational education. It is worthy to observe here, that under the close scrutiny of the State Department of Vocational Education, V ocational Agriculture and Home Economics were put in the school somewhat experimentally last year. The experiment Was adjudged a live success. to the extent that extra financial aid and support was extended the Trades and Industrial Departments this year. The Georgia School for the Deaf thereby became the first school in the state to particip"ate in all three of these programs as supported by provisions of the Smith-Hughes and George-Deen Acts. State and school authorities fully agree that this type of training is accessible, practicaL and highly important in the consideration of the deaf boys' and girls' proper educational diet. Time or space will not allow a full discussion here of the merits of vocational education and its adaptability to our school program. Suffice it to say, we consider its continuation highly advisable as a well rounded educational opportunity that we should provide our handicapped boys and girls. Principal Parks of the Academic Department and Principal Caple of the Vocational Department in their articles in this issue could well have told you that, under this new program, a fine impetus to progress is evident throughout the entire school. The adv"anced department reports that by June 1940, if shortened terms do not interfere, five pupils will qualify in college entrance requirements. The full import and high significance of this is evidenced when we recall that the Georgia School for the Deaf has not been sufficiently supported to afford a graduate in more than a quarter of a century. Breakers Ahead I T is the irony of fate that con- tinued progress, which would rectify some of the evils of past neglect, is threatened at this oarticular time. The State Department of Vocational Educa- tion has advised that if we con- tinue to participate in this pro- gram, under the policies governing these acts, certain changes must be effected giving a public education board more complete control of the school than the present set-up now provides. That we should (Continued on Page 12) April, 1939 Page Seven AMONG THE STAFF Superintendent and Mrs. Walker, of the South Carolina School for the Deaf, at Cedar Spring, South Carolina, were guests for a few hours at the Georgia School March the fourteenth. They were en route to Jackson, Mississippi, to attend a meeting of the southern superintendents. One of the most enjoyable meetings of the year of the Faculty Club of the Georgia School for the Deaf was held in Hearn Hall March the fourteenth. Freeman Self, Scout executive of the Seventh District, brought an especially interesting message. H. E. Woodruff's talk was enjoyed also. The social hour following the formal program was in charge of Roy L. Parks, Mrs. J. L. Caple, and Mrs. Wilson Montgomery. Everyone had been *requested to wear overalls and print dresses as the occasion was a barn dance. Forfeits were collected from those failing to comply. Many original and appropriate costumes were seen on the dance floor. At intervals between the square dances there was a corn shucking contest. Hill Billy music by Miss Charlotte Reynolds. chasing a greased pig, and other amusing features. Punch, sandwiches, and stick candy were served from a bar formed of bales of hay. The chairs were removed from the auditorium and bales of hay served as seats. Other decorations were sets of harness and oil lanterns which were hung about the hall, baskets of corn and other farm products. About eighty members and guests enjoyed the occasion. Mrs. Gordon Anderson, of Rome, was a guest at the Georgia School for the Deaf March the sixteenth. Wright Hollingsworth was confined to the infirmary for several days with an attack of influenza. Misses Martha K. Perry and Betty Reynolds. who attend West Georgia college at Carrollton, arrived March the sixteenth to spend the spring holidays with their parents, Mrs. Ruby Perry and Mr. and Mrs. David Reynolds. The boys of the basketball team left Wednesday for Jackson, Mississippi, where they participated in the tournament of the southern schools. Accompanying the team were Barton Clark. Race Drake, and J. R. Ware. Mr. J. R. Ware's aunt, Mrs. Martin, of LaGrange, died the eighteenth of March. Mr. and Mrs. Ware attended the funeral which was held at Newnan. Mrs. A. W. David, of Augusta, Georgia, spent the first week of March with her sister, Mrs. J. R. Ware. Mrs. David visited the school while she was here. Mr. and Mrs. Rolfe Kennard attended the Parade of Progress held in Rome March the twentyfirst. Representative and Mrs. Gus Caple, and Mrs. J. A. Venable, of Little Rock, Arkansas. visited their brother and sister-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. John Caple the middle of March. Mr. Caple is a member of the Arkansas Legislature. While here he visited the Georgia Legislature and called on Governor Rivers. Mrs. Venable w'as en route to Savannah, Georgia, where her husband is in business. We are glad to know that Miss Doris Mann is greatly improved. Mr. and Mrs. Fred Forbes had dinner with Mr. and Mrs. Jones Montgomery recently. Mr. 'and Mrs. W. S. Gibbons spent Sunday, March, 26, in Atlanta. Mr. Roy Parks was confined to the hospital with flu several days during March. Miss Charlotte Reynolds spent the week-end of March the eleventh with Miss Fannie Gibbons. Superintendent C. H. Hollingsworth attended the Georgia Educational Association which convened in Atlanta March the twenty-fourth and twenty-fifth. Mrs. Roy Parks entertained her bridge club the twenty-third of March. Miss Catherine Barker won high score, a pair of shoe mittens. Miss Edith Fitzgerald and Miss Annie McDaniel entertained with a Chinese checker party in the Home Economics rooms Friday evening. March 24. The rooms were attractively decorated with spring flowers. Mrs. Barton Clark won the ladie; high score prize, an ivy bowl on a stand. Mrs. Roy Parks won second high, a vase. Mr. John Caple won the men's high score prize. a Dennison desk set. Mr. Olaf Tollefson won second high score, shoe mittens. Later in the evening a most delicious fruit salad course was served. Miss Fitzgerald and Miss McDaniel were assisted in serving by the Home Economics class. Mrs. J. C. Connor and Miss Edith Fitzgerald entertained at bridge in the Home Economics rooms Saturday afternoon. Contract bridge was played at seven tables. Mrs. Charles Gilmour won high score. She received statuary book ends. Miss Juliet McDermott won second high prize, a pottery cigarette box. Mrs. A. J. Casey received a hat brush for low prize. Mrs. S. C. Gentry captured the bingo prize. a glass flower bowl in a metal wall frame. Later in the afternoon several tea guests arrived. A delectable salad course was served. SHALL WE KEEP THE FAITH? (Continued from Page 1) the social catastrophe ahead." C. A. Prosser and C. R. Allen "Have we kept the Faith?" 1929 This statement made ten years ago concerning education in general applies to schools for the deaf as well as public schools. Since that time the public schools have been making a serious effort to close this gap. What are we doing about it in our schools? Ralph McGill, editor of the Atlanta Constitution, says, "The South is not singing "Dixie" and throwing a black felt hat into the air. The ~iant is stirring but the bonds still hold. Economic problem No.1? Yes. But also a great market, a great economic opportunity and hope, and I believe that you people and vocational education are going to set us free." I say that the deaf of this country have "always been and will always be dependent on vocational education both economically and socially. SHALL WE KEEP THE FAITH? Page Eight ' THE SCHOOL HELPER CO-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES FIRST ANNUAL ATHLETIC ASSOCIATION BANQUET Members of the Boys' Athletic Association were hosts Saturday evening. March 25. at one of the most outstanding social events of the year. The occasion was the first annual banquet given by the association. their guests including their girl friends and a number of visitors, Among the guests were Mr. R. H. Elliott. of Rome. Floyd County Recreation'al Director. Superintendent and Mrs. Hollingsworth. Mr. and Mrs. Parks. Mr. and Mrs. Caple. Mr. and Mrs. Ware. Mr. and Mrs. Clark. Mr. Tollefson. Miss Watson. Mr. Drake. and Miss Sawyer. The dining room was decorated in the school colors. green and gold, and a profusion of yellow spring flowers were placed at intervals along the tables which were placed in the shape of the letter "G". The loveliness of the setting was enhanced by the girls in their colorful evening gowns. The attractive placecards were the handiwork of Douglas Shaffer and the invitJations and menus were printed by Walter Wade. The menu, consisting of grapefruit cocktail, barbecued pork. potato cups with English peas, tomato and lettuce salad. ice cream and cake. peach pickle. olives. rolls, and coffee. was faultlessly served by Mrs. Perry and a group of boys and girls. The expert service added ~uch to the pleasure of the occasIOn. Mr. Tollefson, in his usual gracious and genial manner, presided as toastmaster. He first introduced Mr. Elliott. the guest speaker of the evening. who delivered a beautiful talk on the subject of "Cooperation." Following were impromptu speeches by Janetta Wilson and Walter Wade. presidents of the Girls' and Boys' Athletic Associations, who stated that the associations which were organized this year had added in a great measure to the promotion of school spirit and that the older members were handing the torch to those coming on with the hope that they would ever hold it high 'and keep it alight. Mrs. Ware and Mr. Drake. coaches for the basketball teams. were then called upon for a few remarks. They spoke of their pleasure and gratification at the success the teams had enjoyed through the year and said that it had been far beyond their greatest expectations. They stated that. comparatively speaking, the success had been greater this year than at any previous time due to the splendid student body spirit displayed throughout the season. They said that if this same spirit continued. they would go on to even greater success in the future than they had in the past. The highlight of this festive ccca~ion was the presentation of gold basketball emblems to the most outstanding players. one from the girls' team and one from the boys'. This award was made by Mr. Hollingsworth who praised the teams for their good work. their wonderful co-operation and fine spirit. He stated that it was a most difficult task to single out the girl and boy who had exhibited the b~st team spirit and greatest cooperation. but that the committee had finally selected Irene Browning and Leonard Barrow to be the recipients of this honor. Letters were awarded by Mr. Parks to Irene Browning. Margaret Perdue. Frankie Baxley. Louise Caudell. Doris Hanes. J anetta Wilson. Emma Brewton. Annie Logan. Kathleen Highfield. Maggie Lane. Leonard Barrow. Dou'glas Shaffer, Walter Wade. George Cannon. Hale Hester. Teddy Waters. \Villiam Massey. Carl Hadaway, Byron Avant. and Jack Hitchcock. After the banquet the boys and girls went to the auditorium at Hearn Hall where they danced until a late hour. The hall had been tastefully decorated in the school colors, ferns. and spring flowers by Mr. Drake and some of the boys. The Association hopes to make this banquet an annual affair and that it will become one of the traditions of the school. The girls and boys who attended feel proud of the fact that they were permit- ted to be present at the instigation of such an important event. and they are also proud to know that they were making school history. Next year. when we have our new buildings. it will be possible to entertain more elaborately and to invite a larger number of faculty I!p.ests who feel interested in the success and pleasure of the pupils. PAUL RAGLE WED DECEMBER 28 TO ELIDA CARPENTER Mr. and Mrs. A. D. Carpenter of Cave Spring. Georgia. announce the marriage of their daughter. Miss Elida Carpenter to Paul Ragle on December 28. 1939, at Estancia. The bride has lived in Santa Fe for about a year and a half. being employed at the School for the Deaf. She was educated in Georgia. at the Martha Berry School for Girls. Mr. Ragle is a prominent business man of Santa Fe. having for many years been connected with the Magnolia Petroleum company and in charge of the Magnolia filling station here. He is a former member of the State Cattle Sanitary board. Mr. and Mrs, Ragle will reside in this city.-Santa Fe Mexican. Mrs. Ragle is an ex-employee of this school and her many friends wish for her every happin~ss in her new life. The recent death in Atlanta of Brigadier General William R. Dashiell. United States Army, retiLed. removes a figure once intimately associated with the social life of Cave Spring. General Dashiell's wife. Miss Ida L. Pearson. was reared in Cave Spring and their marriage took place in the Church of the Good Shepherd in this place. We extend to Mrs. Dashiell our deepest sympathy in her sad bereavement. General Dashiell was buried 10 Arlington. April, 1939 Page Nine VOCATIONAL SECTION The second year of operation under the terms of the SmithHughes and George-Deen acts is drawing to a close with substantial progress reported in all divisions of the vocational department. and the outlook seems bright for expansion in the future. For many years outstanding work has been done at the school in printing. carpentering, shoemaking. and art. These divisions have gone right ahead under the new regime and are responsible for turning out a large number of young men who occupy good positions in their chosen lines. Two years ago agriculture and home ec::>nomics were added. and last fall a course in industrial sewing was i.nstalled. These newer divisions have fallen into line with the traditions of the school and are now making their contributions toward the general welfare of the deaf of the state in general. The census of the deaf of Georgia now being conducted as a W.P.A. project will give the school valuable information on the number of the deaf engaged in different occupations. and will be studied with interest by all vocational teachers here. The department is especially proud of the fact that one of the best friends of vocational work in the United States is now Director of Public Welfare in this state and therefore head of the department of state government having supervision over this school. Mr. Braswell Deen. while serving in Congress. was joint author ot the act expanding the financial support of vocational education. It was this expansion that made the work here possible. The departmenr is happy over the relationship that exists between it and the other departments of the school. Instead of competing for time and attention. there is a general feeling that each department fits into the general scheme that the end product is the student when he finishes his years in residence here and is ready to go out in life. In order that this work of preparing boys and girls for life can be done most effectiveIy, all depart men ts must contribute. The vocational department rejoices in the privilege of making a contribution to this end. Each teacher in the department has summarized the year's work briefly. HOME ECONOMICS The adaptation of our Home Economics program to the problems of the deaf has necessitated a realistic contact on the part of the student with hearing people, and with everyday social and community problems. Emphasis this year has been placed on personal, family and community relationships, child development, efficient management of income and the betterment of laboratory facilities and equipment. These phases of our work have been stressed by practical application in the class room. Projects have been completed in personal relationships and child care, and the laboratory has been used as a project for renovation of furniture and redecoration at minimum cost with gratifying results. Inexpensive ways of entertaining and special study of what constitutes the charming and gracious home maker have been among our major projects. The Home Economics girls have planned and served refreshments for a number of the student club activities during the year. A Chinese checker and a bridge party given by several of our faculty members and served by the Home Economics girls were creditable to the department as the girls served with the grace and poise of hearing students. Each year we hope to make Home Economics more valuable and more adaptable to the particular needs of the girls and to prepare them for more wholesome lives in their homes and communities. ARTS AND CRAFTS The arrangement we now follow in Arts and Crafts work seems more satisfactory than in former years. The 'girls of the various groups are selected according to their mentality and ability to do the tasks required, and the lengthened pwot;l has greatly improved their work. They have more time to study and plan the projects undertaken. Classes of boys have been turned over to the shop and farm. and the girls classes have taken over much of the work formerly done by boys. One of these projects, the making of fibre furniture, tables, stools, bookshelves, and other articles, seems to be progressing under the girls' hands. They do all the block carving for School Helper covers and for draperies and bags. Many articles of use to beautify their homes are worked on with great enthusiasm. Plaques of cardboard are cut out, painted with oil colors, and used as wall decorations. Color plays an important part of lessons, and shows up in the tasteful selections of their clothmg. Plans are discussed concerning weaving and we hope to have looms added to our equipment for next year. About 15 or more Boy Scouts have completed their tests for Art work and basketry, and received merit badges for this. We have correlated our work with history in some of the groups and made some very creditable murals. Next year promises to be better in every respect. PRINTING The printing department has an enrollment of eleven boys this year. Walter Wade is our best linotype operator and also an allround printer. He can do the touch system very well. Considering that he is very proficient. he is more than apt to succeed after he graduates this spring. He has done nearly all kinds of work in printing and is able to do them well. In fact, he can be considered a first-class printer. Teddy Waters has been learning how to run the linotype ma- (Continued on Page 11) Page Ten THE SCHOOL HELPER STUDENT ESSAYS EDITOR'S NOTE: During the past month all pupils in the advanced department were -given an opportunity of writing an essay on the subject, "A piece of Wood from the Old Dormitory". A prize of $ J.00 was offered for the best essay. Mr. Parks, Mrs. Montgomery, and Mrs. Gibbons were appointed as judges. There were so many good essays that the judges found it difficult to select the winner. However they finally judged it a tie between Billy Powell and Byron Autant and each was presented 75 cents. The following received honorable mention, Ralph White, Carl Barber, Florence Johnson, Claude Campbell, Jack Sellers, Evelyn Doyle, Tommy Hamm, and Ethel Pope. It was especially hard to judge these essays as so many things had to be considered. Some of these things, which were quite obvious to the judges, may not be so clear to the reader, but the judoges believe that they arrived at a just decision. A COLUMN FROM THE OLD STUDY HALL I am now an old column squeezed way down in the scrap pile with an interesting story written inside myself. I used to be a handsome column. clear and strong, standing in the boys' and girls' study hall. I held the second floor up so that it would not fall on my little deaf friends. and so the children on the second floor would have a strong, sound floor to romp and play on. Long ago, when the building was being put up, I was glad to start a useful life like I have led. The slaves, who put up the building. were rather cruel to me at first. They cut me away from dear old mother earth. stripped my back off, and cut some of my body away. Then they nailed me up between two heavy floors for the rest of my youth. This soon healed because before long many boys and girls, large and small, came to live in the building where I was. They were different from the other boys and girls whom I had seen be- cause not a word did they speak. I often wondered about it, but I couldn't understand why they didn't say anything. It happened that there were some visitors one day and I overheard the officer, who was lazy enough to lean against me as he talked. explain about deaf children. From then on I understood why they made those funny little signs when they talked to one another instead of speaking. As the years went by, I grew older and older, but I dared not weaken or let my wood decay because I loved my little friends more than ever now. I watched them so much that I grew to undertand some of their signs. When they were in study hall, I laughed to myself when I saw them slip answers to each other behind me. Many a time some small boyar girl came and shed their tears on me. I comforted them each time; and, as they went away, it made me feel good to see their big bright eyes shining with comfort. I have led a useful life helping my friends and I was happy even at my age until about a month ago when some men tore me out of my place. I was standing in my proper place as usual waiting for some little child to come to me for comfort against my hard rounded body. Then all of a sudden the end of the world had come, I thought. Bricks, heavy sills, plaster. and many other heavy objects by the ton came crashing down on me and covered me up. I lay there for three long and painful days waiting to be dug out. At last I was uncovered and carried behind the shops. where my deaf friends learned their trades. and thrown down among some other old lumber. I thought that I could be used some more, and that my friends whom I had helped all my life would take me away from that wet place, where I would soon decay, and use me. But alas! before an hour had passed, a truck. came up and covered me with tons of sills and scraps. I haven't decayed yet and I could be of some use I know. but no one thinks of me now. Here I lie under the old scrap pile wedged down by tons of scrap wood. All the pleasant memories that I have now are of when I was a strong. useful column helping my dear little deaf friends. -Billie Powell. A PIECE OF WOOD FROM THE OLD DORMITORY First I am going to tell about my early life and experiences. I grew on a high hill in the woods behind the hospital. I was taller and stronger than any of my brothers and sisters. I'll say, too. that I was always the prettiest in the spring when my leaves came out. The birds liked to make nests in my limbs and I was always glad when the eggs were hatched. I had always been very happy on the hill and then one day something terrible happened to me. Colonel Sparks's slaves cut me down and I was hauled to a place where I as made into lumber. The smoothest boards were selected to make the floors at the Georgia School for the Deaf. I was one that they selected. After the building was finished, the school was opened for the first time. Only thirty students came. They looked very strange and awkward. They did not say a word. but talked on their hands. I soon learned that they were deaf and didn't know how to speak. They wore queer looking clothes. and high-top shoes, and the girls had their hair tied in braids down their backs. It was a great shock to the faculty of the school when the Civil War broke out and school had to be closed because there was not enough money to run it. The buildings were used as a hospital for the Confederate soldiers during the war. 0, how careless they were. They whittled some of the boards and were not careful with anything. I was lucky because I was in a nurse's room and I didn't get a cut or blemish of any kind. After four years of war, school opened again and once more deaf children walked up and down on April, 1939 Page Eleven me. I didn't mind because I loved them. Mr. Connor was our beloved superintendent after the war. He was fine looking and wore a be"ard. He was always interested in the deaf children. When he came to the dormitory, I liked to have him see me clean and he hardly ever sa w me dirty. I was very sad when Mr. Connor died. I wanted to know who our next superintendent would be. I found out that it was to be a man from Rome and that his name was Mr. Harris. I learned to like him, too. I just can't tell you how I felt when Mr. Harris left the school. I felt that I had lost another true friend. The next superintendent was Mr. Hollingsworth. Before he came I was afraid that he would be a big fat man and might step on me and break me in two. But I soon found out that he was tall and not very heavy. He was good looking and I soon learned that he was kind hearted and would not hurt me. Last year he and Mr. Caple often came around. They walked up and down on me and I heard them talking about how badly the girls and boys needed new buildings. They talked and talked but I just laughed because I didn't believe it would ever happen. Imagine my surprise when some workmen came and began tearing down the building. Now I am old and worn out. I may soon be put in the fire and burned to ashes, but I hope not. I hope that somebody will carry me back and leave me on the hill where I was born and raised with my brothers and sisters so that I can again admire the beauty of the scenery. -Ralph White. A PIECE OF WOOD FROM THE OLD DORMITORY On a hill beside a cave there grew a cute little oak tree. Who do you think it was? It was I. I grew and grew and after many years my branches were very strong. One day some slaves cut me down and I was made into lumber. The lumber which came from my body was very strong and pretty. At that time slaves were building the new Georgia School for the Deaf. They used my lumber and I felt very proud. They used me for the floors of the buildings because I was very smooth. Everybody said that my lumber was strong and never broke. When the building was finished, the first deaf pupils came to school. They would look very queer to you boys and girls today. They did not dress like you do. During the Civil War I was very much afraid that the Union Soldiers might destroy me. They once had a battle near Rome and I was very much distressed, but they didn't come to Cave Spring. After four years the war was over and I was very much delighted to know that I was safe. I thought to myself that God had helped me. When school closed, all the girls and boys went home and left me. It made me feel very lonesome because I was afraid that they might forgot me. When school opened again and the children came back to school, it m"ade me very happy to see them. They were not happy though because the floors were dirty and the buildings hadn't been cleaned up. The supervisors told the girls to sweep and mop the floors. At first one girl mopped me with hot water and, Ouch., it burned me, but when she mopped me with cold water, it made me feel very clean. When our superintendent died, it made me very sad to think that I would never see him again. I wondered whether or not a new superintendent would come and what he would be like. I imagined that he would be a very fat man with a beard and that, perhaps, he would chew tobacco. I was aftaid that he would spit on me and make me sick. When Mr. Harris came, I was very much delighted to see that he was a nice polite man and that he didn't chew tobacco. I felt proud when Mr. Harris walked on me and talked to my little friends, the deaf children. I felt very sad when Mr. Harris left the school. One day I heard Mr. Caple and Mr. Hollingsworth talking about tearing the buildings down. I did not want them to do that and I felt very much discouraged. Sure enough, one dayhhe PWA workers came and tore the building down and' I felt very much worried because I would be desstroyed. I thought that the workers would burn me up, but they stidn't. They put me in a pile beside the shops. I cried and cried because I felt like I was useless. I will say goodbye to everybody. I hope that you all will have a most successful life and will not be thrown away to die like I have. -Byron Avant PRINTING (Continued from Page 9) chines this year. We shall depend on him to do most of this work next year. He has already studied the arithmetic of the job composing room. In view of his determination to be a good printer, he is most likely to succeed in the future. Byron Avant and Ralph White have been practicing on the dummy keyboard this year. They are still to do some more in order to finger the keyboard correctly. Next year they will be put on the machines. Up to last fall they had learned a great many things in the composing room. Sometimes they have been called on to do some rush jobs and they can do them well. All they need is more experience and judgment. Carl Barber, Calvin Stegins, and Robert Shaffer have been doing job composing which includes tickets, flash-cards, letterheads, programs, ruled forms and other things. They deserve much credit for what they have done for our school, and have already earned some good experience, but still must learn a lot more about turning out commercial forms. Claude Campbell, Jack Sellers, Horace Johnson, and John Hayes are our apprentices whom we call printers' devils. They have been setting up some copies for practice. They are interested in learning the trade, but have a great deal to learn, and will be good printers if they are ambitious. Our department can be excused for boasting that nearly all the Page Twelue THE SCHOOL HELPER boys who have learned the trade here. are working at good jobs outside. We have some good machines. but really need more in order that we might do a better job of teaching. INDUSTRIAL SEWING The girls in the sewing department make bed and table linens for the school and clothing for pupils supported by the State. They do all the mending, darning. and marking for all pupils. They all make their own dresses. Next fall we will make curtains for the new dormitories. \Ve hope to devote more time to the more technical forms of sewing. WOODWORKING Boys in the wood shop have been busy during the past school year with various repair jobs. until recently when the building program did away with some of these needs. Several of the boys have been busy making such articles as medicine cabinets, smoking stands. night stands, lamp. stands. a~d other articles of furniture needed in the home. They learned to read mechanical drawings and blue prints of these 'articles and to build the furniture according to plans outlined. Man y of these articles are being built to exhibit in the school display at the Southeastern Fair in Atlanta next fall. AGRICULTURE During the year a new farm has been purchased for the school. Although too late ,to. be of. muc~ value in the year s instructiOn, it will enable a more complete course next year. Seventeen boys have been enrolled in this division of the vocational department, all of them doing creditable work. Some work has been started among the advanced group on the elements of farm management. As the new farm is gradually organized an excellent object lesson will be offered for the teaching of this new phase. Next year we will stress controlling soil erosion. farm planning. management of livestock. including cattle and hogs. construction of farm buildings. and the production of milk. - The local chapter of the Future Farmers of America continues to be of interest to the boys. They have learned the opening ritual, and have had several interesting meetings. No work has been done with the adult deaf engaged in farming as yet. About one hundred and fifteen names have been secured. From present info~'mation a large percent own and operate their own farms. The farmers indicate that more infcrmation is needed on li.ve-stock. canning. cotton growing. Governmen t acreage control programs. and other phases of farm life. Just how this information will be given to them has not been determined. The census of the deaf project of the Works Progress Administration is developing much information regarding the needs along this line. BREAKERS AHEAD (Continued from Page 6) lose this additional financial support, and the guidance coming through this affiliation, is unthinkable. Yet, it is 'a barrier that we ml'.st hurdle if we continue in this full program. Still another thwarting obstacle confronting the school, and even now menacing all advantages accrued to date. is the lack of money nece~ary to operate the school over a sufficient length term. The Atlanta Constitution recently commented editorially on this situation as follows: Another School Casualty "Among the schools which have been forced to suspend because of the difference of opinion of the legislature regarding state finances is the Georgia School for the Deaf at Cave Spring. Over 250 boys and girls, afflicted with deafness. are being sent homethree months before the end of the term. The most unfortunate aspect of prematurely dismissing deaf children from the Cave Spring School, a state institution, is there can be no alternative. no make-shift, temporary arrangements to minimize the loss. No teachers, qualified to carryon the type of specialized '~raining eSEential to the future welfare cf these handicapped children, are available outside the school. Practically all of the pupils at this institution are children of poor parents who have not the wherewithal to send their afflicted sons and daughters to private schools, even if such private schools were available. An improved and more comprehensive program. which would have brought the much to be desired and deserved national recognition, has scarcely been inaugurated. A bu.ilding program, enlarging the physical assets, is also under way. The building, of course, can go on, but the opportunity for early natic nal recognition, always difficult of attainment, will be jeopardized unless prompt action is taken. No school in the state deserves such a fate, least of all this highly specialized service at Cave Spring. It is to be urged that means promptly be found to restore it to its place of usefulness. These handicapped children should not be deprived of their only chance for a better break in life." It is believed that the people of Georgia will splendidly rally to the support of this school so vital to the needs of our handicapped children. Imposing new buildings are hollow mockeries if they do not provide real educational opportunities. We can not consider our new plant an opportunity until nearly one hundred additional deaf children, now educationally denied and morally abandoned by our state. are enrolled. The great people of our state are fundamentally a just and proud people. Educating only sixty-five percent of our deaf children, and at a per capita cost of operating approximating only one half of that expended by our bordering states for the same purpose. can no longer be tolerated. Who overcomes by force hath overcome but half his foe. -Milton. Knowledge is proud that he has learned so much; Wisdom is humble that he has learned no more.-Cowper. ADMINISTRATION E. D. Riven Governor State B_rd of Public Welfare Braswell Deen Director Dr. C. J. Welborn,Director, Div.of Inatitutions In cooperation with Floyd CO.Db' Board oj EducatioD J. Scott Davis A. N. Swain Chairman County Sup't of Schools AdministratioD C. H. Hollingsworth, M. A Superintendent J. C. Harris, M. A. . SUJp't Emeritus Janice R. Caple Secretary John L. Caple Steward Mildred Miller Otis Grimes Stolreroom Clerk Storekeeper OFFICERS AND TEACHERS Academic Roy G. Parka, M. A Principal Marie Kennard,B.S. Supervisor,Primary Dept. Julia L. Arnold Edythe D. Montgomery Gladys E. Carpenter Charlotte Reynolds. B.S. Katherine Casey lIa Sewell, A. B. Pauline N. Casey Carolyn M. Shipley Gladys B. Clark Jessie Stevens Edith Fitzgerald, M.A. Olaf Tollefson. B. A. Ruth Forbes Sarah F. Ware Nell A. Gibbons Rosalee E. Welles Jessie F. Jones John Welles Juliet McDermott Allie S. Woodruff Harriet C. Stevens. A. B. Librarian Vocatlo_1 John L. Caple Principal A. May Clark Doris Mann, B.S.H.E. Barton Clark. B. A. J. R. Ware William McCanless Cecil White Annie McDaniel H. E. Woodruff, B.S.A. Ph7aical EducatioD Sarah F. Ware Director of Girls Race Drake. B. A Director of Boys Medical J. C. Connor, M. D..... General Practitioner W. S. Watson, D. D. Soo Dentist Ralph McCord, M. D. . Otologist Lillie Mae Wood,R. N Nune H o u. .laold Lela H. Barnett Matron of Dormitories Esther G. Curry Supervisor AElnims~e SD.aWYICD~errks"o"n".'..". DI're.c'to"r . . 0 SfUPLauernvidsroyr Olaf Tollefson, B. A Dean of Boys Race Drake, B. A Head Supervisor Connor Dillard Supervisor Everett Ryle Barber and Janitor LMuyetlrliaceBrWowanlter Supervisor of SmAaslsl isBtaony'st Ruby D. Perry Dining-room Matron J. A. Elrod Nijrht Watchman MaiDtenaDce John L Caple C. H. Chapman Capers Baxter Engineer Mechanic Fireman Calvin Holman D. S. Peck H. E. Woodruff Jim Baker William Stewart Fireman Plumber Farm Manager Yardman Farmer Harvey Wilson J. F. Morgan Dairyman Carpenter J. D. Rice Estelle G. Rice Wilamenia Benton Annie Mae Booick School for the Colored Principal Teacher Teacher Teacher Bertie London Rosalie Moore James E. Swanson Cynthia Strange Seamstr_ Matron , .. , .Boys' Supervisor Girla' Supervisor o. I if . .$/ H Cj g- '7 L \IIIIIII~ ~IIIIII III 1111111111111111111111111111111 3 2108 05828 4970 '- .