Educational survey of Clayton and Taliaferro Counties, Georgia, 1915

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Under the Diraetion of the
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
M. L. BRITTAIN
State Superintendent of Schools

Educational Survey of Clayton and
Taliaferro Counties Georgia
BY
M. L. DUGGAN, Rural School Agent
Numbers 2 and 3
Under the Direction o f the
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
M. L. BRITTAIN State Superintendent of Schools
1915

PREFACE

Claytoll aiiti llali;iferro, t n o of the oltlcr coniities of the State.

nere selected next after Rahun for school surveys.

Several reasons inclined us toward this : Both are small ; the

comlty-seat of each is yell sitaatrd i n 1vlal1-y respects to serve as a

cc~ntr-ah1igh school ; both have as superinteiidents cldcrly gentlemen,

vrtcral~sof the Sixties. and both have fail(>~tol keep pace with sorne

of the more vigorous new conilties, particularly with regard to

rnodern edlxcatioii. Mr. Duggarl, therefore. rnakes rnuch the same

recornmendations to the school authorities of each. From informa-

tion of my owti, less accurate in detail, I feel sure t h a t he is correct,

both in regard to statements of facts anti conclusions, and i t will be

tr p1ewsm.e to meet with the educationirl authorities of both courlties

and to aid in putting t h r r~rcommrr~datiol~ins to effect. if they are

~ e c c l i ~ ewdith favor.

Very truly,

State Snpt. of Schools.

EXPLANATION

I t takes but little espcrie~iceto teach orle that it school survey

callnot I)e lilade i n a h u ~ r y . Each problelu, physical or professi011~1.

l ~ l u s t1 ) ~deliberately considered from several view-points. I have

collstatilly sought i n making these surveys, and particularly i r ~s u b
~ n i l t i r ~rgecomlneridations, to "ltc reasonilhle " and conservative,

\rhile 1have hoped always to 1)e progressive. Lest the public with

1~110111I an1 particularly corlcrr~lcilshould tllinli lne "too radical"

1 have not ;rl~vayseven fully satisfied rny oxvrl judgment. The

profession will say that 1 have 11ot gone f a r enough; the people

conceriied may say t h a t I have gone too far. O n the one hand be

it remembered that this is nearly pioneer work i11 Georgia; ancl on

the other that i t is greatly necclcd. The c o ~ u l t yinvolved in my

first survey as reported i n Dulletin S o . 1 (Etabun) has become

greatly interested ill the facts as set forth tllc~rein. 1 beg the

citizens of llaliaferro and Clayton Counties to give earnest con-

sideration to the collditions as clctaileci herein. There may be some

errors, hnt most of thenz, and the greatest ones, are errors of

o?nission. I have endeavored to do the work in a simple way, and

am aware that it is commonplace, but entertain the hope that i t is

fuildalllental and business like. I believe profoundly i u the doc-

trim>t h a t " f 7 i c lif2lc llzit~gsarc the Dig t h i ~ y s . "

I desire e s p e c i a l l ~to cwll the attelltior1 of the two col~ntiesto the

"Standard of Efieicuey for Rural Scllools" and the "lllociel

Plans for R m ~ a lSchool ITouses" 21s outlined by the State Scllool

Sr~periiltertdcntant1 i ' ~ f ( ~ rto~ (h(1>reit~.('ompare t h e s ~plans wit11

the photograplis of your. si~lioolhonses.

ill. I;. DUGGAS,

Atlanta. Ga.. J a n . 19, 1915.

Rural Scllool Agent for Ga.

ORGANIZATION
TAIIIABIERRO COIJNTP BOARD OB' EDUCATION. Ilon-. W. 0 . HOLDEN,Chairman. . . . . . . . . . . . . .Crawfordville, Ga. HON.W. R. ~ I O O R E. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sharon, Ga. HON.G. S. RHODES... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Crawforclville, Ga., R. 8'. D. RON.JOSEP31H. HEARD.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Robinson, Ga.
IIoN. W. 0. IIUNCEFORD..... . . . . . . . . .Crawforclvillc, Ga., R. I?. D.
RON.S. J. FLYKTSu, perintendent.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Sharon, Ga.
CLAYTOX COUNTY BOARD O F EYUCATlON. HON.J. D. BIVRPHY, Chairman. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .;llorro~v,Ga. EIox. T. E . LINDLER... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Lovejoy, Ga. IIox. J. 11. H A R T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .College Park, Ga. DR. T. C. CANNON... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Joilesboro, Ga. HOX. N. SUTTLES.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E l l e n ~ o o d ,Ga.
F ~ O NJ .. H. HUIE, S u p ~ r i n t e n d e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . ..Forest Park, Ga.

H O S . S. .I. I'I.YST. ~prrintcntlrntSrt~c~oI$T.alinfrrrtr County.

1TC)S. .J. 11. l l C I l < , Superintendent 8rhoo19. Clayton County. '

Since hot11 counties have heen ~vorkinghy the clistrict plan it inipht be well to note the follo~vinga t the outset:
T H E COUSTI' TI-IF: SCHOOL TJNIT.
"It seems to he the concensus of opinion on thc part of leading authorities in the administration of school affairs that in all States ~vherethe county is the unit of local government i n civil affairs i t should he also the unit of management and support of school affairs, and that in no State, in school affairs, should a district smaller than the county o r t o ~ ~ n s h ihpe recognized as a n administration unit. The preference seems to he for the county. There are thirteen States novr organized on this hasis, and from reports coming to this office in a t least ten others the State legislatures ~1i1hl e asked a t their next sessions to adopt the county unit.
"P. P. CLAXTON, "U. S. Comr. Ed."
G

BULLETINS Nos. 2 and 3
This 12ulleti11,Sos. 2 a n d 3, contains reports npou and I*ecotn~nc~ridationtso two sluiill riliddle Georgia counties, namely, Taliaferro ancl Clayton. Tlle nlethod follo\recl i n these stlrvcys \rils similar to that in I t ; ~ h n rC~ ounty as reported i n liulletill S o . 1, althougll the form of the reports diRcrs sometrllat. As ill the casr i n IL;~han Clonrity the inspecti011 of each school \\-as pel#sonal arld careful. The visitation in these countirs \\-as (luring Sovelilk)e~.illid I)rcri~il)rr.1914, arid Ileiir the opening of th(>fall ternls. 'I'lrr s ~ n a l latteritlar~cegent~rallywas partly dac~to the pressnlne of n o r k ir~cidtrltto the cottoll picking soason, arid due allo\rirrrce sho~lldbe made.
Sotiiblr sinlilsrities aritl differnlccs \rere ol.)sc>la~iet1d tlie two conntirs wllicll clesrrve attention.
Both are old comltics rich ill inenior.ics of p;rst achicvrnlents. rIihe present ger~c.ratiorlhas industi*iously chcrisl~eclthclse mc~nlories, be i t said to their creclit. Possibly inore conccrtl has k)cc~tgiver1 to the preservation of the rrleniories of th(.ir past tllan to providing a for the present or planning for the future. I t may fairly be said of them that i n rnatters of pnblic interest they have ]lot kept abreast of the progress of the yolulger co~xnties. They are still looking to the glories of the past rather than facing the prohlems of the future. This is true as to such matters ils public roads, and particularly true as to public education, which is now gi1nerally recognized as the most important public interest. Thc ii~tlividuaI o r private schools of a former generation, ~\7hicllirere cor~siclered aclecluate to the demands of that age. arc no longer possible nllder present conditions. The public sell001 system nhich has displaced these has not yct 1)ecn t~pproachcdi n these counties i n a n earnest a d corlstrllctivc \ray, ilnd the little that has bee11 acco~nplishedi s dne i n nearly every illstance to individual initiative and effort compelled froin sheer necessity. Thcse efforts very naturally, thcrcfore, have lackcil intelligent and constructive. direction. arld the rrslxlts generally sho\r a ~ r o f u lwant of efficiency a r ~ dno elenlent of pclrmanency. E ~ e na casual rriiding of t h r l-rief ta1)nlatetl surveys given Elerein will reveal this.
C o ) z s f r z i c l i l ~dcirccfio,l a ~ l dc ~ p r ~s.~fr p c t - ~ ' i s iiost f~ltr p~.inxp in DofJt of t h c s c c o ~ r n t i c s . In sorne counties this need has already heen rccogriis~dand provided.
Roth irl Taliaferro and C'layto~icollnties the people lli~veelected good, honest, ilitelligrnt. i111i3upright lnpn as sl~periliteii~lerltasn, d

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rr..\l-'ros ('01-s.rY S('lIl~OI..S

I , Jonesboro High School; ?. Lovejoy School; 3. Howard's XcaAems; 1, Forest Grove School: 5 . lit. Zion School: (;. Pine Grove School: 7 . Tanner's Schi~ol:S. Kllenword Schooi.

iu so f a r iis conditions and circunlstal~ccswill allow they have been f a i t h f ~ l lto inspect their schools as the law directs and i n the perforn~anceof other pe~.functoryduties of the office. 130th nlade honorable ~ e c o r d sof service to their country throughout tlzc civil war 2nd have rendered faithful service to the cause of public education in their respective counties during the years since its close. They l)oth deservedly have a strong hold upon the affections of their people, even as their public schools have a strong hold upon their affections. Their long and faithful service has crlabled thern to realize better than others i11 their colxllties the incveasirlg delnands upon tllcir pnblic schools, and the inadequacy of their schools to supply this demand. In neither case, however, has there been a n y a t t e u ~ p tor claim a t cor~structivedirection or close professiorial supervision. Besides such l~antlicapsas illadequate coinpensation, and others, the addcd disabilities incideltt to honorable old age (well above three score and ten) would make impossilile, on their part, a n y close a n d corlstant professional supc~rvisionof a co~xnty-widesystem of schools. This is not ant1 could riot be any reflection personally or pr.ofessionwlly up011 these two good mrn. I t i n no sense lneans that either of tlietn ought to he clisplacrd. Keithcr ought thc present ant1 futllre progress of the public schools to be handicapped a n d hindered hy any lack of vigorous constructive direction anti constarit expc.rt supervision. Thr. lligllest educational authorities agree that "rural scllool systems, especially, need skillful supervisior~f, or here the c~tlncatiorlalpro1)lcnls of the day are the rnost difficult. the teachers generally are the yoln~gest both in years and rxprriencc, ant1 have had tlte least preparation ant1 training for their work. The rlxri~lteacllers, therefore, need and Etavc a right to the hrlp that cornes fr.olll the sympathctI'C oversight of a competent snpervisor." "Thc. 11t.w projects now llnder way i n r u r a l etiucation make some f o n n of close supel-vision imperative." "This is considered the rnost fruitful linr of effort." &c.
The highest interests of thc chiltlre~lcan thus be served only by providing lil)c>ralaid to these ort thy officials i n the n a t w e of professional assistance. as is now being don(. in a number of Georgia counties and marly other Souther11 States. Definite recornmendatiol~slooking to this itre respectfully sabrnitted elsc.~vhere herein to e ~ c lol f thpsc counties as their conditiorls seem to indicate. The failure or success of every pul~licschool system or other large enterprise is ui~ivcrsallyand properly charged or credited to supervision, and i t should therefore he ample arid expert. I t is in no sense extravagance, but i n the interest of true economy. I t
means the irivestrllent of a little to save a great deal hy preventing it cor~siderablewaste i n etlucation.
Naturally enolxgh xve found practically the same methods of "teaching" prevailing i n the two counties. Rlany of the "begin-

ners" mere set to the antiquated tasks of "learning their letters," and "could not yet begin to learn to read." Rluch driliing on the synabols of reading and numbers and the hurried hearing of lessolls seemed to be the order of the day a t many of these schools. I n many schools it was difficult to make the children "be quiet" on the stift', uncornfortable seats often poorly adjusted to their physical demands, while their mincis were urlconsciously protesting against the emptiness of the tasks assigned a n d their muscles aching for natural activity. The stupefying results of such irrational methods of introducing a child to his education are well known to observant educators. Local initiative will not and can not affect the needed change by introducing the cornmon vitalizing agencies that everywhere now lnark progressive schools. Professional county-wide direction and supervision alone can accomplish this revolutionary, but necessary, change. The lack of i t is one of the chief causes of the "waste i n education." I t cannot much longer be delayed i n either county if they expect to keep pace with the educational progress of the State or to any satisfactory degree provide adequate educational facilities for their children.
IT%TaLiafe~roC o u ~ ~ t hyere is nowhere any supplementary efforts through "local taxation," not even by any municipal or other levy for the support of the high school a t the county seat. A t this school there is a small matriculation or tuition fee to supplement the State funds, but altogether inadequate. At a very few other schools the State fund is temporarily supplemented by individual subscription so as to lengthen the school year a little. There has nowhere in the county been any successful effort a t liberally or permanently financing the schools, and consequently there exists very little public confidence i n their efficiency, present or prospective. This may not necessarily be unfortunate for the future educational interests of the county, f o r it is a t least in fine shape for a wise beginning. No partial successes operating as practical hindrances exists anywhere i n the county. It affords an exceptional opportunity, and seems to be a n opportune time, for a constructive beginning a t a county-wide efficient system of public schools. The people are just beginning to realize that their schools are inadequate to the demands of their children, a n d arc nearly or quite ready to follow leadership looking towards better schools. How important that they may have wise professional leadership just at this stage!
As yet only one satisfactory school house has been built in the county, and this one is built upon a lot entirely too small and with a defective title. We were not able to discover a perfectly good title to any school lot i n the county.

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T.%LIAFEHRO COCSTY SCHOOLS 8, Lunceton School: 9. Ravtown School; 10; Riverside School; 11 Carter's Grove School;
13, Robinson School; 13, Erlgewood School; 1 4 , n'ornen'k Club House; 15, Liberty Hall & Statue.

Claytoil Courzty the people impelled by their desire for better schools have nearly everywhere voted "local taxation" to supplement the State fimds, but this has been done t l ~ r o u g ht11c district system. E'onrtecn out of a total of nineteen districts now levy a ''local sell001 tax." This has provided more funds f o r the support of the schools, but the administrative units have been niultiplied without heing professionally improved. The systenl makes neither for economy nor efficiency. The very shape a n d appearance of most of the new school houses of the county, as sho\i7ni n the photographs given herein, bear abur~danttestinlony to this. Little attention has been given to school architecture, and good houses have been erected at consitlerable cost, hut wtterly unsuited to school purposes. A sirnilar lack of efficiency with reference to professional work in the schools is easily apparent upon inspection. Little attention has been given to relating the schools and their work to the life-interests a n d activities of the children. I n the nlairl the deadening processes of the past have been adhered to and feur or no vitalizing agencies introduced. The schools open and close a t the whim of the "local trustees" or the converlience of the teacher elected, and the appropriation of the State funds to each school is upon the "per diem attendance" plan. Several of the schools had not yet begun when the survey was made i n 1)ecember.
At the season when these surveys were being made few of the negro schools in eithcr county were open, and so detailcd pclrsonal inspection could not be made of all of the negro schools.
Its Taliaferro ( J o ~ i n t ythe negro fair was being held a t Crawfortlville, and we spent one day in company with Cliairnlan Holden, of the county board of education, and other citizens, inspecting i t carefully a n d assisting i n awarding premiums. This was the second year of the fair, and was creditable to their enterprise. It included school exhibits, a n d gave some evidences of a proper direction of their educational interests and efforts. They deserve and are receiving considerable encouragement a t the hands of the white citizens, who contributed liberally to the enterprise both in premiums and in their presence.
There are in the county nineteen negro schools, all running five months. and receiving from the county board of education from eighteen to thirty dollars per month, each. Their school building a t Crawfordville is a two-story building in good repair, and, judging from their exhibits a t the fair, some excellent industrial work is being done here and a t a few other schools in the county.
The negro teachers of the county are organized, and meet monthly on Fridays for institute work or professional instruction

1. Jonesboro Negro School and Church; 2 , Crawfordville h'egro School and Church; 3. Level Hill n'egro Church in Taliaferro County; 4. Level Hill School; 5. Sharon n'egro
School and Church; 6, Antioch School; +,Pine Grove School.

by their leader, Prof. Stone, Principal of the Crav-fordville School. They are deeply irnbned with the spirit of progrrlss, and deserre wise leadership and direction.
Their school houses will average about as good as those for the white children of the connty, but are without equipment of any value whatever. Marly of their churches are conilnodious, co~llfortable, and attractive, and thcir schools, as a rule, are irr close proximity to the churches.
I ~ CLlayfoit County there are thirteen tlegro schools, receiving froin the county board of edlxcatior~from sixty to one hundred a n d fifty dollars, each, and the school a t Jonesboro receiving $612.00. Nearly all of these schools charge a tuition fee of fro111 ten to twenty-five cents per pupil per month to supplement the public fund.
The school a t Jonesboro is presided over by a woman who has rendered long and faithful service there, and ~ v h ois held i n high estceln as a teacher by the school officials of the county. The proximity of the c o u t ~ t yto the Atlanta negro colleges makes i t comparatively easy to procure trained teachers, but native teachers when reasonably capable usually render better service and give better satisfaction. This proximity to the illany indllstrial enterprises of the city affects the patronage some~vhatalso, rnaking i t less utliforrn or permanent.
County-vide direction of the teaching i n both counties by capable local negro help, which i n either county can be had a t small cost, 11-ould be a wise policy and greatly appreciated by them. A small appropriation for this might give a right tendelley to their cdncational activities anti save otherwise a great waste of effort and money.
I t is a source of regret to us t h a t a personal inspection of all of the negro schools of these counties was impossible on accourlt of their not 1)eing open a t this season.
Il'aliafcrro C'ozrrrf!~snpplernr>nts the school f u n d received from the State i n small artloullts and at only a few schools, 1)y tuition fees or private slxbscriptioii.
The amount received from the State for school^ is. . . . .$ 8,406.84 The amount received from the State f o r pensions is. . . . 2,265.00
Making a total received fr-om the State of. . . . . . . . . . . .$ 10,671.84
The a n l o ~ ~ rolft taxes paid b y the county i n t o the State is 5,967.00 Which shows that the county anluually receives froin
the State more that1 is paid i n by i t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,704.84

The tax digest of the co~ullyshon-s for 1014. . . . . . . .$1.324.265.00
In addition to this the co~.por.atcp~roperty within the colxnty TI-llicli ~voultihe suhject to a "local scllool tax" is as follorvs :
Souther11 Express C'ompaily . . . . . . . . . $ 663.00 \V. U. Telegraph ('onlpwny. . . . . . . . . . . 5,724.00
Postal Telegraph ( ' o ~ ~ l p a n.y. . . . . . . . . 3.939.00 Soutlie~*n13ell Telephone ('ompany . . . . 4,266.00 Alnericarl Telephone Co~r~parl.y.. . . . . . 6,048.00
Georgia K a i l ~ ~ wCyoinpariy (Branch) . . 114.977.00
Crwwfordville Telepllone ('olnpany. . . . 442.00
136.081.00
'J'otal ~ v l ~ i c\\hauld be slxl.),jrctto a "local school tax". .$1,460.346.00 From the above i t will 1)e secli that a county-~virle
( ( local tax" levy of three nlills for school pur-
poses n-ould arlnn;tlly a d d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..$ 4.881.38 To tllc State school fund ~vhichis n o ~ v.. . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.406.84
Which ~ v o u l dthen give for the support of the schools $ 12.785.22 Or an increase of nzorc fltarz 50 pcr c c ~ l t . Wisely administered
this ought to m o w t h a ~ zr7olrbJe the efficieilrp of all the public schools of the county.
The cost to each property holder would be only .30 cents on the hundred of his property a t the valuation as 'etnrned to the tax receiver. The benefits to the children of the county a n d to future of the county can not he estimated i n dollars and cents.

IS THE CAUSE WORTH TI-IE COST?

SOTETh:irty-nine other Georgia co~ultieshave ansive~.edthis

question affirmatively for the sake of their chiltlren. The first one

in the State to vote the "local school tax" was an adjoining

county (TIancock), and the progress of the r u r a l schools there is

well kno1vi1 to citizens of Taliaferro.

Clrrylo~zC o ~ i t l t ysupplernents the State scllool fund by local

tax levies i n each of fourteen school districts out of a total of nine-

teen school districts i n the county.
The amount received fro111 State school f u n d is. . . . . .$ 10.429.00

The total a ~ n o u n t sreceived from these "local levies"

5.299.00

Making a total amount for school purposes of. . . . . . . .$ 15,728.00

13nt leaving approxinlately one-fonrtll of the county (fivc districts) uitl-lout any aid other than the Stato Snrid.
The tax digest of the couilty shows for 1914. . . . . . . .$2.178,043.00
111addition to this the corporate property ~ v i t h i ntlie county tvhich would be subject to a connty-vide "local school tax" is as fo1lon.s:
Southern Express Cornpany . . . . . . . . .$ 606.00 W. U. Telegraph Company . . . . . . . . . . 11,146.00 Southern I3ell Telepholie Co~ripany. . . 18,180.00 Ainerican Telephorie Company . . . . . . . 352.00 Central of Georgia Railway. . . . . . . . . . 453.394.00
Southern Railway, A & F. . . . . . . . . . . . 83,163.00 Soutllern Railway, C'. & B . . . . . . . . . . . . 132,816.00 P'. & A. Elcctric Railway. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,726.00 A . & 12'.P. Railway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,430.00 Central of G n . Tr~ansmissionIiines. . . . 31,786.00
769,615.00
Total property \ ~ h i c h11-oulcl bc subject to a county-
wide " l o c ~ ltax" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$2,947,658.00 Proln the above i t will be seen t h a t a "connty-\vide
local tax" levy of four mills (forty cerits on the
hundred) wolxld annually add . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .$ 11,790.00 To the State school f n n d no^^ received ~ ~ l ~isi .c. h. . . . 10,429.00
Making a total school fund for t h c~ounty of. . . . . . . .$ 22,219.00
As against a total as a t present nrider the "District S y s t e ~ ~ i ". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,728.00
O r a net increase over the present system of. . . . . . . . . $ 6,.591.00
Which i s n ~ o r ethan 40 per cent. increase. A n d pet this increase would come a t about the average rate that
is at present levied under the "district plan." Furtherinore, tlicx expenses of administration 117011ld be less
under tlie "coanty-wide plan." Resicles, each school wonld receive more than at present, and
the ~veakerschools that now get no benefits fro111 the "local tax" 1~011ldalso he taken care of.
Rest of all, the efficiency of the public school system of the county 11-0uld be increased throngh better administration a n d supervision even to a greater extent than the increase in dolIars and cents.
W e I\-onlci urge an earnest consideration of this proposition upor1 the business men. citizens, and school authorities of the county, suggesting that i n the consideration the>- be governed by ordinary sound husiness principles as applied in other business enterprises.
1 P

I t should be ilotcd that under the proposed "county-wide plan" all of the corporate property of the county, as well as all other property would be reached; and that the corporations vould pay fully one-fotirtl~of tlle local scltool t a x for the courzty. Xeverthe-
less these corporations favor this plall Oecatisc it s ~ ~ c c e c dins build-
ing u p the territory through which their lines pass.
T o the C ' o z i ~ t ySchool O f i c i a l s of l'aliaf crro a ~ c cl lay to)^ Coztrztics : W e would earnrstly urge, that a professiorlally trained assis-
t a n t to the comity superirlterldent he enlployeci as a supervising teacher. Such teacher might act in the capacity of supernumerary or supply. That the whole time of such supervisirig te;rchcr be given in co-operation with the county supcrinterldcnt and the State department of education, chiefly i n ( a ) Planning constructive educational policies ; ( b ) Coilstantly advising, supervising iilld assisting the teachers at their several schools; (c) Seeking to vitalize the aci~derrlicwork of the schools l)y relatirig i t to the lifeactivities of the pupils through the o r g a n i ~ e diigerlcies of the corn clubs, pig clubs, canning clubs. rtc.; (d) Promoting c~ducational interests and creating stronger public ser~timcntant1 securing a better school attendance by constant and close corltact with the patrons i n their homes ; ( e ) 0rg;tnizing ancl directing the teachers of the county i r t~heir professio~lailnterests and the patrons i ~ n d citizens i n social, agriclxltural and educational interests.
W e would suggest that a competent lady teacher of proper training and ability working urider the county s~xperintendenthe selected for the reason that generally she could work i n closer and more sympathetic relation to the majority of the county's teachers, and also, possibly, gain a readier and more cordial admission into the ho~rlesof the children. She should be a woman able to teach donlestic science and home economics, of executive ability and tact, and capable of leadership i n large degree.
I n order to secure the best results the terms of office should be more than one year. This recomlnerldation is not based upon theory alone, but is arnply justified by many successful experi~nces within our own State.
A s a n crlterrzalit~e,~ i t hsome very strong reasons i n its favor. we w~ggestfor both connties instead of the selection of a lady supervisor, that a capable yourlg man of tact, ability, and experienre be selected, p).ociclcd a n agreeable co-operative arrangernent can be made by n-hich he could also serve as superintendent or principal of the high school a t the connty seat. I n such arrangement both the high school and the county system onght to be greatly Iwnefitted, and without greatly illcreased cost to either. The right

ZIODEI. OXE-ROOZI SCHOOL 20

*MODEL TWO-ROOM SCHOOL

inail with professional training and experience, and with strong qualities of leadership, should he able in time to effect a strong county-wide organization, which is everyivherc considered most desirable. (See cluotation froill U. S. C~omrnissionrrof Edncation.'i 'I'his is not an itnpracticable 01. untriecl arrangenleilt, l)nt is p r o ~ i n g lnost sncccssf~llfor both tllc to\\-il ;tnd rn13;il schools of .Jc~nkins, Stephens, and other Georgia coutltirs.
I n l'aliaf e ) . ~ oCozi ~ty there are tivo 17-ell-orgailized \Vomen's
Clubs, permanently located i n club houses of their o~viiW. e suggest
that i t would he very helpful to the cause of the puhlic schools i n their county if their active iiitercsts could be enlisted,
and the supervisor suggested could secure their close co-operation. The organized wornen of Tift and other couilties have rendered
most valuable services to their public schools. W e mould earnestly recommend that 110 more public school
k)~zildings1)e erected without first having the plans approved by t11c
State Departinerlt of Ecluc.rit 1' 011. A I3ulletin on SCROOL ARC'IIITECTURE has been published
hy the Department, ;inti is available ~vithoutcost to any of the scliool anthoritics i n the State. W e reprint tlierefro~ntwo models for
rural school honscs, ~vliichcould 1)c repl.odaced a t less cost than
some of the unsiglitly artd il~lcoinfortablcl ) u i l t l i ~ ~ grescently constructed ill C'ltrytol~C o a ~ l t y . ('ompare them with the photographs.

STANDARD OF EFFICIENCY FOR RURAL SCHOOLS.

1 ' 1 1 ~ follo\ving l i i i n i ~ i l ~s~tia~nl~lilrdof efYicir11cy for n1r:\1 srI10~1si1l.~:111g:.r;l h~ tlie State Hrhool Suprri~ltnidcnt11:ts hecn Inrgel- 11se1la s t l ~ ebasis of meas~lrenientin the survey.
"Educational resnlts and good teacllillg gentrally are not often srvnrecl in :I slliftless looking huil(1ing ill \\-hit.h n e i t l ~ r r~)atrons.~ ~ u p i l s11,or tc:~clror take any 1-~ricle. Intlefi~~itcnrs1s1:~sbenl rclnoveil at this poillt throngll tllr stunclard school. 111 the 1:lrgcr to~vnsR I I ~cities Ilressurc of ~ ~ u l ~ lsicc~,ltilncnt a1111the comment of 7-isitors 11-ill sooner or later force gooil r~lucationalcontlitiol~s-and they :Ire inil~ro~-incgo n s t a ~ ~ t l y .liltral co~~lmu~ritinersecl l o 11e sllo~vnall11inspire(1 ~ilucationalIcadcrs and 1r-e liavc sent tlil~lomasto miIris
tllan one l~unilretlcounty schools \\-ll?re t11n sul,cx~i~itcnilerrItrsa\.? certified to tlle fact tllat tllev Iia\-c ~llcasl~rc~ultjl to thp st:mdaud in every ~ ~ a r t i c < u l : ~ r .
Fulton, SPXI-tonant1 Hallcock I I ~ T -rc~ceivetl half of these, zrnd there aye :I 1111111hcor f localities in tlic Stat11 \vl~crcthe feelil~gis that 110 rum1 connnunity ill the county is ahlc to l ~ r i n gits scllool up to these vcry reasonable rcqnirc~uellts. 1 cnnnot hell) lmt think that this is a lllistxken vie\\- :mil that so~nc. stnnrlard schools coultl he secured in e~-erycounty in Georgia an11 that thf-se ~vouldserve to inspirt, t l ~ co t l ~ r r sto progrewi' S ~ ~ p c ~ i n t e n ~ lle~natvs?written
t l ~ a tthe use of this c,fficirl~c.ytest 11:ts developed rnorr Iwogrcss in tlre past t11-elve months than for 7rm.s previous ill the way of irnl~rol-enlent. '~'Ile 1)i:lll
i s of no value, lio\vcvcr, \ r l ~ r r cit is 1101 nsecl or applird ant1 1 earnestly 11ol)c \re \ d l hare the effort at least of e w r r snperintenilrut in the St:xtc to Ilave his county represeilteil 011 this roll of honor. The list n-ill 1,e l~ublishedilr thc ncxt Annual Report. The standarc1 is not iunrcaso~~ahlyliigll :al1(1 no ~llorc tlrail the Georgia parellt Ilws the right t ~ e)xpert. Copies sliould 11r posted in errry coi~ntps'cl~oolroo111 ill the State and clan he sc~c1ui.1f1o r this 1)iu'l)osc7: ~ t :IILT tinle 011 apl)li(.:~tio~tlo the State n r p a r t ~ n c n t of E(1ucation. 'Po I,c
" rntitleil to a cliplo~van scl~oolshonlil n1r;lsnre nl, to t h r st:inilnril in the f o l l o ~ ~ - -
ing p;irticulars :

T.

JV.

TIIE TE.~CTTER.

EQIJIPUEST.

I . Good Teacliing. 2. Gooil Order a ~ i i lI\r:?l~ngt'mcnt. 3. Ii'irst Gmclc Pcrtifc;lto.

1. L'.

I.

l~.llll, xl~:lt, Register.

:?llil A\l~vllr;lt(S! l ~ l l l ~ l ~ l 2.

.iD.aily Program Postrd in Tioo~l~. 4,

P:rtent hlotlern Desks.

.It least 20 1inc:rl fcct o f R1:lc.k-

11oar11pry 1?oo111.

liuililing ('on~forial~ly1T~;ltcil: I I I I ~

FrnVmec~cl~ tPiilcatut ereds.

TVall.

6. Tc:?cher's lrannnl OII Desk.
11. GROTS~~S.

.5. Di(#tioiiary,i\Paps, a ~ ~Tt,lil-~ruly. (i.S;mitary JTrater Supply.

1. Gooil Condition. 2. Playgronn~ls. 3. School Garrlrn.

1.7.
-4 ISOCMTED A % ~ " r ~ I~ T\ IES.

4. T\r70 S e p a ~ n t rS:rnit:lr~ Clos' t \ ITI.

I. Ilanual k t , ('oin, Canniug. I't,nltrr, or Cooking Chib.

RUILDIVG. 1. Painter1 Outside. 2. Pbsterecl, or Ceilpil and Painted

VI. SA~,.I~OIJF, TE:SVJ~RR.

3. S o Tieaks.

.It least $40 per ~ n o n t h .

4. TVinrlon s TI itliout Broke11 Panes. Ti. Cloak Rooms. 6. Goocl D o o ~ snit11 T,oc.ks nrirl Kern.

VTI. %ei:nr.

7. ('1e:rn :ulcl \Tell krpt.

.\t lts:i\i, \c\cli ~ n ~ ~ n t I i \ .

--

-

i

GROUNDS

BUILDINGS

CLAYTON COUNTY.

I

EQUIPMENT

I

ORGANIZATION

- JOSNCEHSOBOOLR-O- - . H- IG-.-H- -. --- - Hixon, Principal.

1-1

About 600 sq.

1 /

Trustees (Condi-

feet I t~onal)

J O Y SCHOOL Miss George.
HOWARD'S ACADEMY- Mrs. Ella Merntt.

FOREST GROVE Mitchell, Principal.

IZ~KB.~LY~ MT. ZION. - -.-----;-- ----;

H. V. Adamson, Prlnclpal.

Miss Emma Murphey.

-,-

I

Church

P I N E GROVE-------------- 3 miles :1 acre

Webster Bird.

3% miles II

T A N N E R S..-........-.- - - -
W. A. Hays.

i title."
- I I Baptist
1 Church

ELLENWOOD - - - - - - - - . - - - -

?

A. S. Pierce, Principal.

Miss V. B. Waggoner.

PHIkA?ELPHIA .----.--..MISSSimpson.

--

R E X SCHOOL - - - -.--.--.--.3 miles

?

Miss Lotus Flanders.

I

-M-iss Ruth Flanders.

FAIRVIEW --------.-.---Miss Emma, Henderson.

PLEASANT

Miss

/

RIVERDALE ...-----3-%-m-iles---

F. L. Cox, Principal.

Miss Ida May Huie.

I

- ,

FLAT ROCK.. .--.--..- 4- m- ile.s .

Rev. Harry Meeks, Principal.1

Mrs. Harry Meelrs.

I

- I

I

Unimproved iUnarni- 7 /$7.000.00 No Very

1

I taw

- 1Unsani-

/ i 1 500 00 No Bad

I - '1 tary I

~

I-,---- I 30.01

~

-

I Bad
NO

Bad
I , Bad
Bad
i

I I 1-1-1-1I
!
- I

12 650.00 No Bad

I

I I

600 00, No ( Bad

i

1 -

-

!? I1 I 650 001 No ~

I

I Unsani- 1 600 00 No

Bad Bad

I

17 1 ?

Yes Bad

I

I

1

I

__-l-'-

1 1 Bad Yes Yos

1 Very Well Patent 8 Sufi- ~~w 0 Yes F ~ W ~ O O V ,6 I Yes 189 172 10

I Yes ,

Drawing No Common 9 mos. I Pes$3,020 00$1,803.001$1,824.00L~catlax levy 4 mills

I

poor

I i

Su~ta S15eS

b

l1 e

clent

I

I

I

/ Bad Yes 1 No

Poor \Tell

I-XI l
Poor

I- ~ - l -
No Improp- Bad1

er

I Good I Yes 1 Yer Good Well Moririy Little

1 I

madc

-- --

1 I Good Yes Yos I Bad Badly Home

Cloth

I
1 yes

' ( I
57 I 38 1 9 NO

j1 Ycs I 5

39 8

4 I Yes 200 85 10

I
---

i

2 Yes 82 - 7 T ? o

dippers

( 45

--
I NO IrTo Individua cups

1 I

1

1

I

!

School well organized on departmental plan above

I

sixth grade.

-

418.001 491.00;Local tax levy 4% milk

and incidental fee of 50c.

S
-- , A -

-,,

8 ,

Supplemented Ey local subscriptions.

i I 1 D r ~ w ~ nLgiter- Common 7 mos. ~ , 1 , 4 ~ \ 6 . 0 0 ' 1 , 0 3 0 . 04066.00 ary (dippers
-?-x I 7 mos. 1 Yeu 691 03 408 00 283.00

I

I

made 50ft.

1 / Good 1 Yes I No

Poor Wel! Home I Cloth I 0

1 1 I - 1

I

-

made 36 St. I

G ~ = ~ T ~ T ~ T T ~ ~ Good Yrs (Ou~side Bad Fair 1 made I 20 ft.

0 0

0I 0

I

- I -- I -- 1 - I --

1 I Yes 71 54 8 Yes , 37

Aro

No Common

7 m- l -o- s- .- - - 1 Yes 729 00 360 00 169 00

I

-----

I
I

7mos. Y e s 445.00 218 00 197 00

-

~ I

-

~

-

~ ~ -- dippers

p - p p p p

Poor

Yes / Ye, Improp- Bndl:? I 13ome Cloth 0 0 0 0 1 0

No Common 8 mob. Yes, C60.001 345 04 315 00

er

made 20 Et.

dlplers

I

I

I

I

-----

Bad

! Yes 3.0 improp- F a x er

0 00

3I 0 I

I No
i 1I

IGO 43 8 No 40

No No ~ o m m o n 7 mos. Ycr 424.00 274 00 150 00

I

d~ppers

1 Neglected ~ n s a n i -

7 rnos. Yes 289 00 3 1 00 268 03

-

---

_

_

-

-

--

1 I sm.00 NO 1 ~ s l GOO^ YCS ~ u t s l ~ e

1

1

I

-I I roo 2 J - - - - - I 0- 0- - No Bad

I

Fair Yes IITo

Good Brick Yes YLfs Good

rnadc ------ --
00 0 0

No
I 2 NO

cl 7
-41 35 7
1% lob 9

YW I I
No 1 40

~ PO - NO - Cu1opmp-- m1aon 5 mos. 1 Yes

No No -nd~vidual 7 mos. I Yes

Cubs

I

474 00 510 00

Diawlng No kommon 9 mos. Ycs11,450.00

2L4 00
I
399 00'
I
950.00

2i0 00
111 0O1
I
500 00

1
I ----B i d Fair Y o Ycs cmr&prpoopo-r

3 slzcs 1

II ; ; .

1
40 9 Yes I 25

dlp~ers

I

-- ----

No I No o

n 7 mos. Yes 482 00 315 00 107.00

i

1

I

Jiprers

--

1 BETHEL -------.---.--!-.---

1-1-
- HEBRON. .................1 3% miles ii l p l -~p l
NEW HOPE-_.---.------.-.:

?

i Baptist
I Church

i Neglected
i
I i

_

l

_

l

-

1 1 1 360.00 No 1 Bad I

i

-
Poor I Yes 1 No

Bad

Home ( Poor 0 l 0 0 0 0
I I

' M ~ ( = I - - - ~ ~ I
45 27 7

______-I
No No Cdno>mwmerosn 7 mos. 1 Yes 114.09 114 00 0

I

I

,

_

I

-

MORROW _--.-.-...3-m.ile-s --I --? Mrs. M . F. Dodd. Miss Pauline Burks.

i 1 7 Trustees "nimproved I I 1 ~ I

1

2

11,200.00! i

Yes

; 1

Poor

I

Good ' Yes oatside Good Radiy

Poor

10 0 1 0
I,

,, 0 I

:

46 1 1

30

1 ! 1 10 Yes 25

I i

,

,

I

,

,

No KO (~ndividual 5 mos. Yes 322 00 322 00 0

cups

I

- -

.-

TALPAFERRQ COUNTY.

--

GROUNDS

BUILDINGS

EQUIPMENT

I

ORGANIZATICK

I

I

STEPHENS' HIGH s ~ H ? o L . - / A ~county I several lTrustees Fair

I R. D. McDowell, Prmclpal.
M-r--s-.. R--.. D- . Reed.

1Seat

Mias Sallie c l o u d Holden,

I acres /

1

I

I

1

-------------A Miss Vera Roundtree.
SANDY CROSS

3 miles

9. W. Wynn, Principal.

6 miles l

Unimproved

LYMNisEsVAILdLaEL-e-d-b-e--tt-e-r-,--A--s-s-t-. -- 4% miles I

Good play grounds

Miss Floyd Dolvin.

MARGARITES GROVE ----4.-m-iles I ? [Baptist

M---IM-L-iRasAJMOyNrti-e W-i-llia-ms-. ---4--m.ile-s -Il 1-ac-re.-l/CT-hruus-rtcehes

Miea Janie Acree.

1

I

SON

Entirely neglected Entirely neglected Unimproved

W. R. Aldred, Principal. Mrs. Aldred. Asst.

1

CENTER HILL --------.-----

Mrs. J. F. Lyle.

I

Entirely neglected

LIJNCETON --------..--------

Neglected

Misa Gertrude Sherrer.

(Condtnl.

I

RAPTOWN ---------2%-- mi- les-.-----

1 Bermuda sod

hfina Lillis B-arnett.

I3 miles

RIVERSIDE ---...-.----------

Entirely neglected

Misl Sara Herndon.

CARTER'S GROVE ..--------

--.--.---.I Miss Carrie Walton.
ROBINSON

81/0 miles

Neglected Neglected

Miss lnda Young.

EDGEWOOD --_--..__.m-il.es.....

Neglected

Miea Ulma BERMUDA

-Ja-clr-so-n. ---.---m.ile.s_1 N-ot_o_ den -wh-en

survey

was

made

Xr. Ray Jackson.

! I

1 ~oodiGood Yes I Yes

I

I

I

I

I

I
Gwdl New
I
Fair /New

! Yes YI

I

Fair IMedium

I

Bad IMedium

I
Poor :Medium
1 I
/ Bad \Medium

I I y e s I Yes
Yes

I

1 i Bad ]Medium yes

i i i 2 6ooi 2 NO Bad ib~edium

1

I 0 4501 1 / No 1 Fair \New

' I

II I I

1 1 0501 1 / No I Bad !Good

I

Yes

I /

Yes

I

Ii I I

I

1 4501 1 1 No 1 Poor IFair

I Io

I
4501

1 11

NO I1

POOP1GOO^

Yes l Xo
Jyes ?:I

I
I

I1 I I
II 1 II I/

I : i

1 I

I

Good IWell

I

I

F a i r INot

IXT'ell

[nsuffici- I

ent Im- IFair

\proper I

Good IFair

I

Patent 3 sizes Doubles
Long benches 3 sizes patent

I '
124 f t . ( ~ n e
I small I 120 f t . l l GR.

I ft.
I60 ft. 0
I

Loft o

I

!Very O

,poor

I

[Poor Yes

I

10

0

lPoor

'poor
t
Poor

IFair Very

1

few

IFair 3 sizes

!
i

I I

I patent

I

I

I

_ _ -1-1

!

I

I

I

_ _.
I1 I /I I

Drawing Drauing
I Drawing

I I IN0 1 I I I I I i INonelInd. cups
!!
I I /None!Ind. cups
I I
INonelCommon
INoneI!Common I I
INonelCommon
I I

Occasional 'Drawing lNone

INonelPart

1 IInd. cups

i

I

Yone
I
Rone

None

---- .- . - --

-

1 iI
I) ~ O S .

Yes

I 1357.LO State f u n d i ~ u i t i o n fees

I

I

IWell organized

I

I

1

Yes Yes

/

i
210.00 Elate fundlPrivate subscription

Yes

1

I
200.00 'state fundl

Yes 1 175.00 State fundlI

I

1 Yes

650.00 State fund14 mos. pay tern)

I

I

I

I Stale Yes 216.00

fundl

7 mos. I Yes I1 225.00 State fund!I

I ! ~rnos. I
, s nos. i

Yes Yes

1
1 I
I

j

1

350.CO State fund13 mos. pov term

I

2250"Sta!te fund!

I i 6 mos. I

Yes

i

410.00 istale fund!

ii , ( 5 nlos. I Yes I

~ 0 . 0 0 /state fundi

1 5 lnos. I Yes I 210.~0s t a t e fund:

!, 5 n:os.
I

I
I i

Yes

1 I I

225.00 1:state fundl! I

* Titles to most or all of the schools a r e defective.

+TTThilesome schools in the county are credited with uToilets," not one could be classed "Sanitary."

NOTE-In addition to the above public schools there is also in Taliaferro County, a t Sharon, Ga., "Sacred Heart Seminary," a Catholic school, admitting boys from four to twelve years old, and with an average attendance of about

fifty pnails. The school is condncted by the Sisters of St. Joseph, and is s u p p o ~ t e dby tuition fees. Xot being within the public school system, and not receiving any of the ~ublir:school fund of the county, it did not come within

"

*

A

the scope of this survey.