SIDNEY LANIER georgia's Poet-t.Musician "Music is love in search of a word." "Work is singing with the hand." GEORGIA STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ATLANTA M. D. COLLINS, State Superintendent of Schools 1938 .:( . SIDNEY LANIER Georgia's Poet-Musician This publication is one of a series designed to furnish more complete information on topics of special interest to teachers - and pupils in Georgia school. Prepared and Issued by DIVISION OF INFORMATION AND PuBLICATIONS STATE D EPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ( , CURR1CULUf91 LABORATORY COLLEGE EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA Edited by WIGHTMAN F. MELTON, PH. D. Atlanta 1938 SIDNEY LANIER 1842-1881 .. .: ... .~- ... ' ~ ; ; i . :'""" 1'-i\. -' .. ..(... : . : ~ /, r : ..} . . CONTENTS Page Introduction . .. . ..... .. ..... . ..... . .. ..... ... .. . . ... .. . . 5 Sidney Lanier, Poem, by Wightman F. Melton . ..... . . ..... . 7 The Life of Lanier, by Henry W. Lanier .................. . 9 ----- Sidney Clopton Lanier, by Judge Lucien P. Goodrich ....... . 25 Sidney Lanier, Address, by Chancellor Walter B. Hill ....... . 26 The Spirit of Lanier, Poem, by Wightman F. Melton ... . .. . . 35 Sidney Lanier, Newspaper Article, by E lizabeth H. Hanna .. . 35 Liveoak Country, by Dr. James W. Lee . .. . .......... .. ... . 41 A Florida Tale, Editorial .. .... : . ..... .... . . ... . . . .... . .. . 42 Letters ..... ... ...... .. . . .. .... ..... .. . .... . .. .. . . . .. .. . 44 Lanier, Poet-Musician, by Ruby Richardson Walton ........ . 48 Lanier's Genius, by Asgar Hamerik ..... ........ . .... ... .. . . so Lanier the Artist, by Harry Stillwell Edwards . .......... . . . . 51 Sidney Lanier as a Prose Writer . .. ..... .. .. ........... . . . . 54 Sidney Lanier Memorials ..... ..... . ...... . . .. . .... ..... . . 58 Sidney Lan,ier and the Johns Hopkins University, by Dr. John C. French, Hopkins Librarian .... ... . . 63 Poems by Lanier: Song of the Chattahoochee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 My Springs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Corn. . . ... . ...... . ... . .. ... .. . ... . .. ............... 68 1.~ The Mocking Bird. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 The M arshes of Glynn... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 3 l" I CONTENTS Page Poems by Lanier-Continued: 1 Sunrise . ... . ....... . ... .. ............... .. ... . ..... . 77 Ireland .. .. ... .. . . .. . .. ...... . .. . .. . . . .. . .. .. . ..... . 83 A Ballad of Trees and the Master ........... . ..... ... . 83 Evening Song. . .. .. . .. . .. .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. .... . . .... . 84 Lan ier's Lighter Verse ... . .. ... .. ..... .. ............ ... . . 84 The Power of Prayer .. .. .... . . . .. . . .... ........ . .. .. . 85 I Thar's More in the Man th\:ln thar is in the Land . .... . . 87 Bibliography : University of Georgia Library.... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 Johns Hopkins University Library. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94 Washington Memorial Library, Macon, Georgia ...... ... 101 Emory University Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 Mercer University Library . . ... . . .. .. . . ........... .. . . 107 Wesleyan College Library . . . .. . .. ...... ..... . . . .... .. 109 I II Library, Georgia School of Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 I I! Library, Oglethorpe University . . . . . .. .. . .. .... . . ... . .. 110 Library, Agnes Scott College .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Carnegie Library of Atlanta . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 Georgia State Library .. ..... ...... ... . . : . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 .I I Lanier Publications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 I Chronology of Sidney Lanier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 I 4 I I II INTRODUCTION Sixty-five years ago Sidney Lanier was a struggling young author. practically unknown except in limited areas of Georgia and Alabama. In the summer of 1874 he wrote "Corn," which was published in Lippincott's Magazine, attracting national attention. Thirty years ago professors of English, even in Northern universities, began to wonder if the Georgian, Sidney Lanier, would not, eventually, take rank among the best secondary poets of America. Today the colleges and universities, north, south, east and west, regard Lanier as one of our greatest poets, the imaginative and musical qualities of his verse being unsurpassed. Naturally, Georgia is proud of her two greatest poets, Lanier and Frank L. Stanton. Stanton, singing of simple things , a hd usually in simple language, encourages us to "Keep a-goin' ,"against all odds. Lanier immortalize.s our mountains and our marshes, our rivers, trees, and corn-fields in poems that lend themselves to orchestration; for Lanier was, first of all, a musician, recognizing and using to good effect the musical quality of vowel sounds. In presenting this bullet in to the schools of Georgia, we wish to thank Charles Scribner's Sons for permission to use much copyrighted r() material, prose and verse; and we are grateful to the individuals ~ whose contributions add to the interest and usefulness of this pub( lication. Especially do we call attention to the address of the late f' Chancellor Walter B. Hill, which, so far as we are aware, has never '1 before been published. This bulletin is issued in the confident belief and hope that a more intimate acquaintance with Lanier and his work will make us better parents, teachers, and pupils. Division of Information and Publications. 5 SIDNEY LANIER My soul was a-quest for to find Lanier, And the little gray leaves said, "Once he was here." Then the meadow lands broad and the forests dim Declared that they still remembered him. I questioned a mockingbird; first he was mute Then he trilled me some notes from a Boehmish flute And the riddle made plain- it was mockbird lore , Snatched from a gleeman gone before.-- - The hills of Habersham heard my cry, And the Chattahoochee came rushing by In a torrent of grief; and corn and clover In the valleys of Hall, told 'me over and over: "He is gone! He is gone!" And out of the marshes, the marshes of Glynn, Came the pitiful wail of a wild marsh-hen; League-broad, waist-high, 'twixt the land and the main, The marsh-grass quivered with infinite pain. Then a glad gold beam shot down from the sky, And my eager soul, with prayerful eye, Beheld-for the seer his wish had wonLanier afloat by his friend the Sun. -WIGHTMAN F. MELTON. POEMS OF TREES: Sidney Lanier Memorial. 7 ~- THE LIFE OF LANIER I. BOYHOOD-COLLEGE DAYS 1842-1860 A few years before the War Between the States there was living in the town of Macon, Ga., a boy named Sidney Lanier. He was a slender fellow, with large gray eyes which harbored dreams, yet easily tlashed into quick humor or set to an almost fierce intentness-eyes that could look unblinking into the full blaze of the sun. He joined enthusiastically in the games of Macon boys, from marbles to the all-year-round coasting down steep Pine Hill with barrel-stave sleds, on which one sped over the slippery pine needles almost as fast as a Canada boy covers the toboggan slide; with his brother or other companions he spent many a Saturday in the woods, marshes, and "old fields" near the river, looking for Indian arrow-heads, picking haws and hickory nuts, hunting doves, snipe, and rabbits; but every now and then he liked to get off alone on a fishing trip, frequently stealing out of the house by dawn with his lunch in his pocket, to spend a solitary day on the banks of the Ocmulgee. He brought home fish from these excursions, but hebrought also pictures of placid river and starry water-lilies and tangled thicket and clambering jessamine vines, and vague young dreams that nestled in these coverts. He was a favorite with other boys. To begin with, he was quick, electric, flashing, full of jokes and gaiety, full of ideas. He could mimic to the life a travelling showman, the slow "Crackers," some negro fun-maker; with his flute he could imitate the birds' calls with bewildering exactness. When he was only six, his first circus incited him to get up a home performance with his brother and sister. At twelve, after reading Froissart and Scott, he had organized a military company, uniformed in white and blue, which was armed first with bows and arrows, then with wooden guns. And so faithfully were they drilled that on one memorable Fourth of July, when the Floyd Rifles and Macon Volunteers, many of them veterans of the Mexican and Indian Wars, paraded in state, the boys' company turned out too, and made such a creditable showing that they were all invited to the big dinner, and their leader was called on to answer to a toast. Then he was at once brave and gentle: a striking mixture of sensitiveness with a spirit that stopped at nothing when aroused. Fifty 9 years after it happened, a boyhood friend told of his wonder at the way in which Sidney, then just a little fellow, stoQ9,_j;h_e_pain of an accident, when a wi_ndo~ fell on his finger and topk the end right o~i;;th;-;-cl"y fight his school fellO\~;s remember-a formal challenge o meet an sett e matters in the a\ e.y_after_sch.o~he other fellow;-fln:cling himseJrgettii1gthe worst of it, ulled ou~g__hadow kn'l e: the circleo f- watchers were too much awed to do anything at first; but on seeing Sidney rush forward as determinedly as ever and tackle his opponent in spite of this wicked looking weapon, they all closed in and separated the pair. Another thing which marked him out among the boys who were getting ready for college at the" 'Cademy," was his native musical ability. Before he was six he would rattle a rhythmical accompaniment on the bones in perfect time to his mother's piano music; at seven he had made himself a reed flageolet,and when Christmas brought a little one-keyed yellow flute he would shut himself up after school and practice by the hour on this. His mother taught him the notes on the piano, and he promptly passed on this new knowledge tq John Booker, a musical negro barber of the neighborhood (who later had a famous troupe of darky minstrels which toured this country and Europe). Presently he had a minstrel troupe of his own among his boy friends, and learning to play passably well on half a dozen instruments before he could write legibly, he was always the centre of a gay quartet, an amateur band, or some more ambitious musical group. Just before his fifteenth birthday he entered Oglethorpe College; but his father, who though devotedly fond of him, was always fearful of the quickness of his impulses and of his passion for music, withdrew him presently on hearing of him as leader in the serenading parties of the college boys. So he spent most of a year as a clerk in the Macon post-office, entertaining family and friends with a host of comical stories of the queer back-country folk who came in for mail; and then, in 1858, he returned to Oglethorpe, entering as a Junior. There were many evidences during these years of an unusual combination of mental qualities. He had the true scholar's passion for exact knowledge (much fostered by contact with James Woodrow, a man of rare quality, who became interested in the alert _young student, and gave him something of his own confident outlook on the new world then opening in science through the work o ,Darwin 10 and Huxley); hard work and quick intellect put him at the head of his classes, and he especially distinguished himself in mathematics; yet at the same time he was absorbing Keats, Shelley, Coleridge, Tennyson, and the other great poets, and beginning on quiet walks in the woods to try to express some of the poetic fancies to which his reveries had given birth-efforts resulting at that time in "mere doggerel," according to one intimate; a keen delight in the picturesque romances of the days of chivalry, in the humor, whimsicalities' and conceits of Montaigne, Burton, Don Quixote and Reynard the Fox, went side by side with a profound satisfaction in the mystical and metaphysical speculations of German philosophers, to whom he was drawn through his pleasure in Carlyle; he had begun to play the violin with such effect upon himself that he would at times lose consciousness and come to his senses hours later, much shaken in nerves. His father was fearful of this musical stimulation, and induced him to give up that instrument; so, returning to the flute on which he had specialized since his childhood days, he soon had organized a quartet of gay flute and guitar players which, after much practicing together, would sally forth on Friday evenings to serenade the pretty girls of the village. On these excursions he was the musical leader and the life of th~ party. When things went wrong they laughed at themselves: "I recall on one very cold winter night," says a college comrade' "when the serenading party, with benumbed fingers, had performed the three or four conve!)tional tunes of the serenade at the house of General Lamar, whose daughter was one of the local belles, that the gray-haired butler appeared at the door, not to invite the chilled troubadours into a warm parlor for refreshments, but to announce, 'Marsa an' de young ladies done been down to de plantation 'bout a week.'" Often the group would meet in the evening, and Lanier would start forth on an improvisation; calling out the key, he would dash into an endless stream of melody, his friends accompanying as best they could- the whole frequently ending in some uproarious darky breakdown. He ~as in the thick of all the jokes; one morning, at the boarding-house, a passage of wits between him and an excitable companion proved too much for the other's nerves: he made an insulting remark. Lanier promptly struck him. The young man lost his head completely, pulled out a knife, and gave his adversary a bad cut in the back-the affair ending in a hearty reconciliation, with 11 the knife-wielder nursing Lanier while he was laid up. In those days Southern boys had the old time idea of resenting affronts, but in spite of a naturally quick temper, this is the only personal difficulty related of Lanier's college days, and, with a group of devoted friends, he seems to have had no enemies. These years of hard study, reading, dreaming, music, serenading and college larks passed away. Lanier was graduated at the head of his class, with' an ambitious essay on "The Philosophy of History," dividing first honors with a fellow-senior, and on the day of his graduation was appointed tutor by the authorities. After a delightful summer of hunting and fishing and friends and music at his grandfather's estate in the Tennessee.Mountains, he took up his new duties. He was eighteen years old. The thoughtfulness which underlay his buoyant spirits is shown by a passage in his note-book at this time, when he was trying to decide upon his future. "The point I wish to settle is merely by what method shall I ascertain what I am fit for. I am more than all perplexed by this fact that the prime inclination-that is, natural bent (which I have checked, though) of my nature is to music, and for that I have the greatest talent; indeed, not boasting, for God gave it me, I have an extraordinary musical talent, and feel it within me plainly that I could rise as high as any composer. But I cannot bring myself to believe that I was intended for a musician, because it seems so small a business in comparison with other things, which, it seems to me, I might do. Question here: 'What is the province of music in the economy of the world?'" Sixty years ago, in Georgia, it would have been ludicrous to suggest music as a career for an ambitious young man. Lanier's look ahead presently resolved itself into a couple of years' hard study, mainly at Greek and German, while tutoring; then some more years in a German university ; and then a professorship at an American college, where he might be able to work out some of his creative dreams, especially a musical drama of the peasant uprising in France in 1358, The Jacquerie, of which he had long been thinking (and a fragment of which is to be found in his complete Poems). He set himself resolutely towards this, and the next six months was a period of earnest study and teaching. His flute was still his ever present means of expression, and a friend of those days writes: 12 "Lanier's passion for music asserted itself at every opportunity. His flute and guitar furnished recreation for himself and pleasant entertainment for the friends dropping in upon him. As a master of the flute he was said to be, even at eighteen, without an equal in Georgia. 'Tutor Lanier,' I find myself recording at the time, 'is the finest flute- player you or I ever saw. It is perfectly splendidhis playing. He is far famed for it. . . Description is inadequate.' " This life of scholarship and music did not last long. The tension between North and South grew to the breaking point in that fall of 1860. On December 1, South Caroliaa seceded. Georgia followed, January 16. There could be no question in the mind of a highspirited boy when the call sounded: practically every teacher and student at Oglethorpe enlisted in the Confederate army, and Lanier joined the Macon Volunteers in the Second Georgia battalion at Norfolk, Va. 13 II. A SOLDIER IN THE CIVIL WAR 1861-1865 It would be hard to imagine a human being more unfitted by nature to be a soldier. There was something in him that made it almost im- I possible for him to hate a fellow human being; his imagination and sympathy were so quick that he had given up hunting after once watching a large-eyed deer stand motionless before him at close range; it was no exaggeration for him to speak as he did in following years, of the "sisterly leaves," or "Cousin Cloud," for his heart seemed to vibrate in accord with all created things. But the very foundation of his character was a gallant buoyancy in meeting adequately whatever responsibility l]Je set before him. In the face of convictions about war expressed in his one novel, "Tiger Lilies," and in the essay, "The Devil's Bombs," he set himself to discharge his new duties with all his powers. During most of the first year the battalion was stationed near Norfolk, and Lanier's spare time was used in forming an orchestra of flutes, violins, 'cello, cornet and guitar, and in reading German and poetry. He enlisted again when the year's term of his company was up, was at the battle of Seven Pines, in the fighting around Richmond, and engaged in making entrenchments at Drewry's Bluffwith plenty of forced marches, weather hardships, and chills and fever. In the fall he and his brother were transferred to Major Milligan's battalion of signalmen, doing mounted scouting along the James River from Petersburg to within thirty-five miles of Norfolk. It was adventurous work, for the enemy was liable to swoop down on them at any moment. He wrote of this period: "Our life was as full of romance as heart could desire. We had flute and guitar, good horses, a beautiful country, splendid residences inhabited by friends who loved us, and plenty of hairbreadth 'scapes from the roving bands of Federals who were continually visiting that Debatable Land." Knowledge of the Federal movements was gathered by observation of their ships through a telescope, and from a spy who came at midnight once or twice a week from Fortress Monroe; while out on the river after fish to reinforce their scanty table, the scouts were frequently chased by a gunboat; their headquarters was shelled re- 14 peatedly; and among the skirmishes was one in April, 1864, when the little band held back a landing party ten times its size, and Lanier and his brother were mentioned in Major Milligan's despatches for "conspicuous gallantry." Companions of those days all testify to the dash, resourcefulness, and gay disregard of hardships with which he met mishaps; how he would do double duty to relieve his younger brother,-and half carried him for hours one desperate night on a fo~ced march through sleet and wind; how he refused promotion several times in order not to be separated from the latter; how the flute, which he managed to save always, was a sure comforter for himself and others in the cold, wet, hungry, weary evenings; how he kept on studying, and ever planned for the writing he was already beginning to experiment with in the shape of tentative poems and notes for his "Tiger Lilies." In 1864 he was appointed signal officer on the blockade-runner Lucy, at Wilmington. She was captured in October by the FederaJ cruiser Santiago-de-Cuba, on her first attempt to steal out of the harbor. His fellow officers, Englishmen, begged him to change his uniform and declare himself a British subject, to avoid imprisonment. He refused. Then the captain directed him to distribute the ship's money among the crew; and finding-aLthe last moment that one old sailor had been overlooked, he gave him most of his own scanty share. With the rest of the crew he was taken prisoner and sent to Point Lookout. A soldier's life in the field was paradise compared to those four months of horror in a military prison. Yet amid the darkness, filth, exposure, and despair, amid the recklessness of companions whose worst came out under the abandonment of hope, he again proved his mastery over any external conditions, translating German songs, reading poetry, and cheering his companions with his flute-playing. He got up concerts, with two or three other musical performers, for the benefit of the poorer prisoners. As one said afterwards: "The flute of Sidney Lanier was our daily delight. It was an angel imprisoned with us to cheer and console us. Well I remember his improvisations, and how the young artist stood there in the twilight ... "In all those dreary months, under the keenest privations of life, exposed to the daily manifestation of want and depravity, sickness and death, his was the clear-hearted, hopeful voice that sang what be uttered in after years." 15 And Father Tabb, the poet, who was also a prisoner there, wrote: "There was no room for pretense or disguise. Men appeared what they really were, noble or low-minded, pure or depraved; and there did one trait single him out. In all our intercourse, I can remember no conversation or won;!. of his that an angel might not have uttered or listened to." In February he bought his release with some gold smuggled into prison in a friend's mouth. Emaciated and ill, he almost died on the voyage to Fortress Monroe. But a child friend who happened to be on the boat heard of his presence, and her mother obtained permission to care for him: "I can see his fellow prisoners now as they crouched and assisted to pass him along over their heads, for they were so packed that they could not make room to carry him through. . . .We got him into clean blankets, but at first he could not endure the pain from the fire, he was so nearly frozen. We gave him some hot soup and more brandy, and he lay quiet till after midnight. Then he asked for his flute and began playing. As he played the first notes, you should have heard the yell of joy that came up from the shivering wretches down below, who knew that their comrade was alive." A few days later, carrying blanket, satchel, and his precious flute, he set out on foot for Georgia. A comrade of this painful journey says: "I recollect one morning that we came up to a farmer, who was hauling cotton to hide away from the enemy. We had a chat and asked for assistance along our journey, but' this was refused. He, however, asked us up to his house t6 get refreshment, and while there Sidney took out his flute and began playing. The music was very sweet indeed, and so charmed the farmer and his wife that he at once hitched up a team and sent us on towards Edgefield, S.C., where we met up with a few Georgia cavalrymen. Sidney knew one of them who loaned us a horse.'' They finally reached Augusta, and Lanier took the train to Macon, reaching home to go down into illness for two months. His brother . returned from the war. His mother died. "Then peace came, and we looked about over the blankest world imaginable." 16 III. LOOKING FOR A VOCATION 1865-1873 It took some courage for a young man in the South to face either the present or the future in 1865. The war had changed comfort or wealth into poverty. Four million slaves, suddenly freed, were without provisions, and without prospect of labor in a land where employers were impoverished. Forty thousand Confederate soldiers had been disbanded after their terrible four years' struggle, at best to begin life over. Colleges, universities, and libraries were a thing of the past. The old governments were gone, and the new military rule was still chaotic. Every American can be proud of the way in which the mass of these men set to work to build upon the ruins. Lanier's mind was full of poetry and music that clamored to be written down. But with his usual cheerful acceptance of life, he set about making a living in any way that offered. He tutored at a plantation near his home, thirty classes a day; he became clerk in a hotel in Montgomery, Ala., describing humorously to a friend the paralyzing deadness of business and of mental life; he buckled down to writing poems, essays, and his novel, "Tiger Lilies," making a trip North in 1867 to arrange for the publication of the latter. In December of that year he was married to Miss Mary Day, whom he had met in Macon during his stay there on furlough in 1863; and that winter was spent as principal of an academy in Prattville, Ala., where drudgery and the first signs of his fatal disease, and the disheartening events of Reconstruction alike failed to keep him from his studies in German and Latin literature, or from pouring out his thoughts in essays on current happenings and metaphysical ideas, as well as in occasional poems. Under his father's urging he went into the latter's law office late in 1868. Throwing his whole heart into the task, as usual, he was admitted to the bar, and for over three years he devoted himself to the intricacies of real estate titles, building and loan advances, trust estates, and other matter of legal principles and records. It was not work that would be chosen by a poet, musician and dreamer, longing for the field of scholarship and literature. But Chancellor Walter B. Hill, who joined the law firm later, declares: "I have had occasion to go over much work of that sort which he did, and I have been struck with its uniform correctness and carefulness. I never SilW 17 deeds better drawn than his;" and the other members of the firm said that he introduced a system of order into the office which made it a different place. During these years ill health drove him away several times for short changes of climate. Three trips of business and health, to New York, opened to him glimpses of a world toward which his deepest nature strained. He heard Nilsson sing, and Thomas's orchestra play the "Tannhauser" overture; and there kept growing in his mind a feeling that only in these fields of music and poetry and study could he fulfill his true reason for existence. This belief, which was but the recognition of creative powers demanding expression, deepened to conviction in 1873. Consumption, contracted at Point Lookout and fought against ever since, became so serious that he was forced to try a change to the dry air of Texas; and at San Antonio he was so near death that the facts of life ranged themselves before him in unmistakable values. All the while, he had been keenly observing the new people and places about him, developing his Jacquerie by study of Michelet's "France," reading and planning for a series of travel articles- one of which, on San Antonio, appears in his book, "Retrospects and Prospects." His health presently improved under influences of the air and of a rigorously followed course of medical treatment. He experienced the joy of a musical triumph, his flute solo before the Mannerchor producing a storm of applause amid which the leader, "an old man with long white beard and mustache," ran to him, grasped his hand and declared that he "hat never heerd de flude accompany itself pefore!" He wrote down one of the musical improvisations on nature themes with which he was wont to delight his friends, "Field-larks and Blackbirds." And when he returned to Macon in April his mind was made up. That September he set out for the North, with flute and pen as weapons. He was thirty-one years old; a wife and three children were to be provided for; his first efforts in literature offered little encouragement financially; his family and friends thought that in his state of health such a hazard of new fortunes was folly. But he had faced all the facts and was sure. He writes his father from New York, November 29, 1873: "I have given your last letter the fullest and most careful consideration. After doing so, I feel sure that Macon is not the place for me. 18 If you could taste the delicious crystalline air, and the champagne breeze that I've just been rushing about in, Lam equally sure that in point of c:limate you would agree with me that my chance for life is ten times as great here as in Macon. Then, as to business, why should I, nay, how can I, settle myself down to be a third-rate struggling lawyer for the balance of my little life as long as there is a certainty almost absolute that I can do some other thing so much better? Several persons, from whose judgment there can be no appeal, have told me, for instance, that I am the greatest flute-player in the world; and several others, of equally authoritative judgment, have given me an almost equal encouragement to work with my pen. (Of course I protest against the necessity which makes me write such things about myself. I only do so because I so appreciate the love and tenderness which prompt you to desire me with you that I will make the fullest explanation possible of my Gourse, out of the reciprocal honor and respect for the motives which lead you to think differently from me.) My dear father, think how for twenty years, through poverty, through pain, through weariness, through sickness, through the ur1congenial atmosphere of a farcical college and of a bare army and then of an exacting business life, through all the discouragement of being wholly unacquainted with literary people and literary waysI say, think how, in spite of all these depressing circumstances, and of a thousand more which I could enumerate, these two figures of music and poetry have steadily kept in my heart so that I could not banish them. Does it not seem to you as to me, that I begin to have the right to enroll myself among the devotees of these two sublime arts, after having followed them so long and so humbly, and through so much bitterness?" 19 IV. WRITER, MUSICIAN, AND LECTURER 1874-1881 Lanier's undoubted musica l genius won for him immediate recognition. On his way to New York he stopped in Baltimore and met Asger Hamerik, director of the Peabody Conservatory of Music. This distinguished leader and composer was so delighted with his playing of his own "Blackbirds" that he at 'once offered him the position of first flute in the new orchestra being formed at the Peabody, which position Lanier filled through this and succeeding seasons. He told a friend that when he entered the orchestra he actually did not know the value of a d otted note; yet his musical instinct not only enabled him to hold his own with trained musicians, but he was repeatedly assured by experts that he was the best sight reader they had ever met. He started to take lessons of the first flutist of Thomas's orchestra: after playing for this master, the latter complimented him, but told him he must get a Boehm flute and practice: "When you can do this, you'll pass," added the teacher, picking up his own instrument and executing some most difficult pyrotechnics. Without a word Lanier repeated the passage on his eight-keyed flute . The veteran stood open-mouthed. "Here," said he, "give up that old thing and take this Boehm. Aside from correcting some errors, there is nothing I can teach you." Theodore Thomas arranged to offer him a place in his orchestra, a plan which failed because of Lanier's health at the time. Doctor Damrosch assured him he played his own "Wind Song" "like an artist," and that the performance was "wonderful" in view of his education. Director Hamerik said he had "not only the art, but an art above art," and afterwards wrote a striking picture of his triumph in a flute concerto with the Peabody orchestra. Whenever he played, with the orchestra, at church concerts, at the Germania Mannerchor, at private musicales, the story was the same. His success only stimulated him to fresh efforts. He practiced and studied, beginning , as he writes, "in the midst of the stormy surges of the orchestra to feel my heart sure, my soul discriminating. : . presently my hand will be firm enough to hold the helm myself." He invented an improved long flute , which was about perfected when lack of strength and money forced him to stop pushing the obstinate workman who was making the model. He delved into the physics 20 of music, discovering a property of vibrating strings which helped to explain the difference in tone-color between wind and stringed instruments. He was full of a plan for a new form of orchestra to tour the smaller cities and educate people musically; and looked' forward to working with all his heart to advance the time when music should be considered one of the fundamentals of culture and religion to be studied in every college. (Here, as in many other things, he was merely ahead of his time.) His letters (in "Letters of Sidney Lanier"-"A Poet's Musical Impressions") and the essays collected under the title of "Music and Poetry" present some idea of the answer he himself finally gave to his boyish question: "What is the place of music in the economy of the world?" And one of his most important prose works, "The Science of English Verse," containing his theory that the laws of versification are simply special forms of the laws of music, could only have been written by one who had both felt music and studied it deeply. The same double artistic expression is, of course, shown most strikingly in one of his greatest poems, "The Symphony," where the essential character of each instrument in the orchestra is expressed in words with a subtlety rarely equalled. In February, 1875, Lippincott's Magazine published "Corn," which first brought him to general attention as a poet-though a number of short poems in the Round Table during 1867 and 1868 had made a small circle of readers feel sure of his power. It was followed by the "Symphony," the cantata written for the opening of the Philadelphia Centennial, and the enlarged hymn of America which grew from this cantata, "The Psalm of the West." (The last was to have music written by himself.) These three long poems and some shorter ones were gathered into a volume in the fall of 1876, and the young author found himself welcomed by Bayard Taylor and others of the best known authors and writers as one who had won his literary spurs. Mr. Gibson Peacock, editor of the Philadelphia Evening Bulle~ tin, a man .of great knowledge and culture, gave him the most generous recognition and furthered his interests in many ways. "Corn" brought him, in addition, the friendship of that rare woman, Charlotte Cushman. By the fall of 1877 he had also written a sort of inspired guidebook, "Florida," a series of articles descriptive of India, created by his quick imagination from a prodigious amount of hard work in the libraries, a number of other essays, and a dozen more poems, 21 though he was forced to drop his orchestral work in the fall of 1876 and go to Florida and Georgia for six months, to keep alive. The following winter he was back in Baltimore with his family, re-enforcing his knowledge of Elizabethan poetry with systematic study of early and middle English literature at the Peabody library. He wrote enthusiastically to Bayard Taylor: "The world seems twice as large." The fruits of these new conquests of his eager mind were , given in lectures to private classes and at the Peabody Institute; and much of his material is embodied in the posthumous work, "Shakespeare and His Forerunners." His enthusiasm led him on from this to the design of what he called "Schools for Grown People," an idea since carried out in popular lectures, University extension work, Chautauqua courses and a hundred other ways. It was years too soon for his plan, but his own power of making these things alive to his hearers gave a most stimulating quality to his talks. His success in this work led to his appointment as lecturer in English literature at Johns Hopkins University, where more than one of the students has testified to the magic sympathy and enthusiasm with which he made the dry bones of the literary past take on form and beauty and freshness and meaning. Here too were delivered the dozen lectures on "The Development of Personality from tEschylus to George Eliot," afterwards published as The English Novel. Meanwhile he was writing "The Marshes of Glynn," "Sunrise," "The Crystal," "Individuality," "Owl Against Robin," and other of his greatest poems; editing the Boys' King Arthur, F roissart, Mabinogion, and Percy, planning buoyantly for the volumes of poems which crowded his mind, for new literary enterprises ever suggested by his vital interest in life and boo,ks- though it was clear that he was rapidly approaching the limit of his allotted working time. In the spring of 1881 he went to the mountains of North Carolina for a final struggle with his old enemy.{ ,Up to the last he poured out his strength into the work at hand. And when in September the end came, he met it as he had met life ) The critics differ much as to Lanier's final rank as a poet. General appreciation of his work has steadily increased during the thirtythree years since his volume of collected poems was issued, and it seems at least settled that he belongs among the ten chief poets America has produced. 22 To read a poem is more illuminating than to read a whole volume about it. Yet there are a few definite characteristics worth noting. First of all, his poems always came from within. Whatever they are, they represent the surging feeling and true nature of the man, not a response to any external deinand. As he himself said: "The difficulty with me is not to write poetry." He was a singer of America. And he followed his conviction that the poet must be a prophet, a seer, bringing to his fellows visions of their highest possibilities. Though he had been a soldier in the Confederate Army, though his captivity in Point Lookout had fastened on him a physical ball-and-chain for the rest of his life, though the bitterness of Reconstruction still lay heavy on the South, Lanier could write in 1876 a dream of America and its future as loft ild confident as was ever penned. His "Psalm of the West" s ision of the highest possibilities of freedom and true democracy, the brotherhood of man, the ultimate "birth of faith from knowing and living." He had no doubts about the "tall young Adam of the West": "At heart let no one fear for thee: .i Thy Past sings ever Freedom's song, Thy Future's voice sounds wondrous free." The Jacquerie, too, which was in his mind, waiting a chance to be written, for most of his working life, enthralled him because it dealt with "the first time that the big hungers of the People appear in our modern civilization." The most poignant note of the "Sym- phony" is his cry for the poor: . "Wedged by the pressure of Trade's hand Against an inward-opening door That pressure tightens evermore:' ' He was a passionate democrat. His ideal of democracy was simply that of Jesus Christ-the inevitable result of loving one's neighbor as one's self. He says, in a fervent passage, rejecting mere bigness as an object of pride: "A republic is the government of the spirit; a republic depends upon the self control of each member; you cannot make a republic out of muscles, and prairies, and Rocky Mountains; republics are made of the spirit." 23 He had an insatiable thirst for knowledge. His extraordinary sensitiveness to the delicate, halfhidden beauties of nature was never troubled for fear that all he could learn about trees, flowers, microscopic life, or meteorology might lessen the mystery or charm. Every fact of nature, of science, of art was vital to him, was food for poetry, was building material for the palace of Truth which he conceived as the only adequate aim of the poet. For some thousands of years the sun has been "rising" in poets' pictures of dawn; but in Lanier's "Sunrise," "The wave-serrate sea-rim sinks unjarring,unreeling, Forever revealing, revealing, revealing." Surely there is but an increase of majesty in this adoption of one of the first facts of science. And the other stanzas in the same poem, hailing the sun as "Workman Heat"- "Parter of passionate atoms that travail to meet And be mixed in the death-cold oneness"- are almost unique in poetry in their use of the knowledge of energy .and matter which modern scientists have built up. Over and over he sang the responsibility of the artist for his work, his belief that more, not less, should be demanded of the genius than of the ordinary man. And while he delighted in vigorous, red-blooded life, he not only upheld in all his work an ideal of cleanness and absolute purity as the most manly of qualities, but he lived his doctrine as few men have lived it. And finally, everything he wrote is transfused with a belief in the best of man's nature. "Every man is as good as his best," was one of his favorite sayings. Everywhere there is humor, bravery, magnanimity, knightliness, hope, faith, love. For he saw God in everything-or where he could not see, he trusted. His vision of the end of humanity was ever that of "the Catholic man who hath mightily won God out of knowledge and good out of infinite pain And sight out of blindness, and purity out of stain." w. -HENRY LANTER, Introduction to Selections from Sidney Lanier, Charles Scribner's Sons. 24 SIDNEY CLOPTON LANIER, OF GRIFFIN, GEORGIA By juDGE LuciEN P. GooDRICH The name of Sidney Lanier is familiar to all Georgians, and to lovers of poetry everywhere. But what about Sidney Clopton Lanier? Robert S. Lanier, the father of Sidney L~nier, began the practice of law in Macon, Georgia, in partnership with Judge David Clopton, under the firm name of Lanier & Clopton. (Biographical Sou- . venir of Georgia, 1889). Sidney Lanier was born in Macon, February 3, 1842; but Clifford, the next child, was born in Griffin, April 24, 1844. In the article on Clifford Lanier, in the Library of Southern Literature, it is stated that Robert S. Lanier returned to Macon in 1846. The records of the Presbyterian Church of Griffin contain the following entry: "March 12, 1844. Rev. Mr. Deane baptised the infan.t son of Mr. and Mrs. RobertS. Lanier, Sidney Clopton." The Tax Digests of the City of Griffin for the years 1845 and 1846, which are preserved in the Hawke's Library, show that Robert S. Lanier was a citizen and taxpayer of Griffin during each of those years, paying both a poll tax and a property tax. The other Digests have been lost or destroyed. ( The Record of Deeds in Zebulon, Pike County, show that Robert S. Lanier sold the lot on North H'ill Street, Griffin, now known as No. 441, to Dr. W. H. Prichard in 1847. ' And in the Poems of Sidney Lanier; edited by his wife and published by Charles Scribner's Sons, the ode to corn is dated "Sunnyside, Georgia, August, 1874." These are all documented facts, corroborating the following narrative, which otherwise rests on tradition. Before he entered upon the practice of law, Robert S. Lanier was employed by the old Monroe Railroad and Banking Company as a telegraph operator, and was stationed in Griffin in that capacity. I have been unable to find just when Mr. Lanier moved to Griffin, but it was eyidently after February 3, 1842, and prior to March 12, 1844. 25 RobertS. Lanier lived in Griffin until1846, when, the Monroe Railroad and Banking Company having failed, he returned to Macon and entered upon the practice of law. While living in Griffin, Sidney Lanier was a playmate of the late Mr. Sam Deane, to whom I am indebted for some of my facts. He was the son of the Rev. Henry L. Deane, the Presbyterian minister, who was a neighbor of the Laniers. The home in which the Laniers lived in Griffin has been torn down( as well as the old Presbyterian Church in which Sidney was baptised. But several oak trees, relics of the ancient forest, under which he played as a child, are still standing out on North Hill Street. In 1874 Sidney Lanier returned to Griffin to visit the scenes of his childhood, and was a guest of Capt. John Mcintosh Kell, at his home near Sunnyside in Spalding County. While at the home of Captain Kell, or possibly while spending the summer in a cottage near the Kell home, Lanier wrote his famous ode to Corn. The fact that his father had been a telegraph operator, may explain why Sidney became connected with the signal service of the Confederate Army. As a boy, he no doubt picked up the science of telegraphy from his father. And the fact that his father was a friend and partner of Judge Clopton, explains why he christened his son Sidney ~n, as shown by the church records. But that is the only reference to Sidney's middle name that I have ever been able to find. SIDNEY LANIER By WALTER B. HILL (Chancellor, University of Georgia, 1899-1905) Lanier is the type "in a nineteenth century way" of the union of musical and p-oetic functions in the old-time bard or minstrel. But in his case the vehicle of expression in each art was different. And the real significance of his musical genius lies in the enrichment of poetic inspirations rather than of metrical forms. The apparent implication by many critics that he consciously and elaborately trans- 26 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --- --- -- ---- --- ---------.<0--------~ ferred to the business of verse building his delicate sensibility to musical effects does him injustice. He did not attempt to jingle the bells of rhyme. And he would never have sat down to cull out all the words in the language that would go with the croaking voice of the raven that evermore said nevermore. His poems are indeed musical, but they are not more remarkable for this quality than are some of Tennyson's, Moore's, or Mrs. Browning's. It is well known that in the Cantata, in the composition of which there was a strong temptation to sing sweet sounds for the general ear, he has subordinated musical effects to what he has believed to be the higher laws of art. Without doubt, however, his musical gift was serviceable to him as a poet. The charm of silence,-a charm like "the happiness that makes the heart afraid" was never more aptly conveyed than in these lines from "Sunrise": "Oh, what if a sound should be made Oh, what if a bound should be laid To this bow-and-string tension of beauty and silence a-spring To the bend of beauty the bow, or the hold of silence the string." (Concerning the following two paragraphs it should be mentioned that Dr. Hill submitted his manuscript to the wife of Sidney LanierMary Day Lanier-with this statement: "I do not 'feel that I am competent to make such an estimate and would be glad to have your assistance." On the opposite margin of the page Mrs. Lanier replied: "With at all confiding in my own competence,. I must say that I am quite in accord with your views here, , . . " M. D. L). To his musical culture he :was doubtless indebted for the suggestion of his theory of the Science of verse as well as for the technical knowledge which enabled him to work it out. His lectures on this subject, published in the form of a treatise on The Science of Verse are an attempt to find a scientific basis in the physical laws of Music for the laws of rhythm and poetical expression. Perhaps no one who d~es not possess the knowledge he had of the two arts is fully competent to form a correct estimate of the truth and value of his hypothesis of the relation of the two arts to each other. But it must strike the mind at once that there are strong analogies in its favor and that his reduction of rhythm to terms of music and his argument for thfl unity of their relation are in the direction of the trend of scientific! thought. The entire originality of his conception is admitted, while 27 yet it is too early to say what acceptance it will finally receive. He protested earnestly against the almost universal misunderstanding of the aim and scope of the book, declaring that nine out of ten of his reviewers had treated it as a manual for making verses. This was like taking Sartor Resartus as a treatise on swallow tail coats. It was an attempt on his part "To draw from Art's unconscious act, Art's conscious laws," not to formulate the hitherto unconscious laws as recipes for conscious elaboration. The study led him to explore and estimate the musical value of words and the subtler adaptations of poetical forms. And while he never condescended to "apt alliteration's artful aid," for its own sake only, yet there runs through .his verses an onomatopoeia as delicate as the suggestion in the "Book of Perfumes" in which each page breathes out the odor which the words describe. "Music is Love in search of a word." He finds that word and lo! it is poetry. Examples abound,-in "The .Marshes of Glynn" is this exquisite description of the sea-line: "Sinuous Southward, and sinuous northward the shimmering band Of the sand beach fastens the fringe of the marsh to the folds of the land Inward and outward to northward and southward the beach lines linger and curl, As a silver-wrought garment that clings to and follows the firm sweet limbs of a girl." The initial stanzas of the Psalm of ~he West afford a charming instance of twined and overlapping melodies of speech. One of the most striking characteristics of Lanier's poems is their spiritual purity and loftmess. Lapses there are from art; but he wrote no line which the recording angel would blush to give in at Heaven's Chancery. Each one of his ambitious poems is high pitched as a ps.illm.,_ He believed in and sung the fatherhood of God, the brotherhood ...of man, fello~hip of Nature. But his poems are abSOlutely fre.e.._from didactic inculcations? The only thing he could not tolerate was intolerance: he flames out with fervid zeal against religious narrowness. He had no sort of patience with the usual religious books-books which map out the progressive steps in the conversation of a soul from sin to holiness with something like the detail of 28 a military commander explaining the plan of a battle. But "over Thomas a'Kempis" his wife writes: "He brooded by the hour in large holy calms of love and faith. In 1880, when our Robin was newly come to us in West Chester, another revelation was granted to him. A friend placed in his hands Jeremy Taylor's 'Holy Living a nd Dying.' He came back to me in rapture. 'Prayer is for religion,' he joyfully exclaimed, 'not for the getting of sure returns.' The lonely worshipper, athirst for his fellow man, had found a companion in a father of the Church.'' "Prim creed, with categoric point forbear To feature me my Lord by rule and line." In "The Crystal," Christ is set above all the great spirits of all time, the only perfect mirror he of wholeness. Without a formal assent to any creed, or reducing God to the littleness of human speech, he pleads with a passionate insistence, surpassing that of the "sacred" poets, for faith and love: "Go, trembling song and stay not long Thou art only a gray and sober love But thine eye is faith and thy wing is love.'' Singing with him was only living aloud. He was first himself, as in Milton's conception, a true poem. In a letter written to his son, John B. Tabb said: "There is one period of your father's career,- the time we were in prison together at Point Lookout, of which I believe no one can inform you except myself: and hence it is that I now write you of it. To realize what our surroundings were, one must have lived in a prison camp. There was no room for pretense or disguise. Men appeared what they really were, noble or lowminded, pure or depraved: and there did one trait of your father's character single him out. In all of our conversation I can remember no word of his that an angel might not have uttered or listened to. Set this down in your memory, Charlie, and let it be told when the record is made of your father's life. It may throw light upon many other points and prove the truth of Sir Galahad 's words: "My strength is as the stren~th of ten, Because my heart is pure." It is not long after the crystal mountain brook glides: "Out of the hills of Habersham Out of the valleys of Hall" 29 ere another stream of yellow and dingy hue joins in its current; and for awhile they flow together, their waters merged but not blended, the type of the two lives that most men lead, one bearing the stain of the earth, the other bright with the blue of the sky. But our poet's life flowed pure and undimmed to the sea, "With its lapful of stars and dreams." It is not meant here to imply that Lanier was a creature too bright and good for human nature's daily food . He was one of the free-est and brotherliest of men. It occurs to me here to say that nearly all of the critics who have reviewed the new book of poems have fallen into a mistake. They speak of the appreciative memorial by his friend, Dr. Ward. Friend he was; but not after the flesh: he never saw him. The heart of the strong New England scholar was drawn to the struggling Southern poet by the spiritual beauty of, his life and ,.JleLSe T~auty shines all the brighter for its contemporary contrasts. Compared wtth "Leaves of Grass," these poems remind one of "a violet by a mossy stone." Unlike the strains of Morris, "the idle singer of an empty day," they tremble with the stress of their inspiration. So far from Swinburne's internal teaching, "The lilies and langours of virture The roses and raptures of sin," they teach us the holiness of beauty and the beauty of holiness. Lanier was a pathfinder; not a follower in beaten ways. His strong originality was thoroughly sane, never degeneFating into eccentricity; and catholic, never degenerating into the idolatry of a single idea. In reply to the question: "From what poets did Mr. Lanier draw most nutriment?," his wife says: "I never asked myself: it seemed to me that he laid hold of nature, of music, of love, of God, of all art of the ~hole universe 'by as many fingers of desire as the roots whereby green ,grass layeth h~ the earth,' and dre -- direcrfrom all. ' He appeared never to accept anything that was written (or acted) because of the name that went with it, but he sat in sober, pious judgment upon each work of man, free (as I once complained to him) from any 'reverence for authorities.' There is an autobiography in his description of the poet in 'Corn': 'Thou hast built up thy hardihood With universal food, Thou took'st from all that might'st give to all.'" 30 .. ~ t is rare to find a character upon which the accidents of birth, education, and environment have imposed so few limitations. There was wholly wanting in him one thing which it would have been natural to expect,-a certain consciousness of his relation to Southern lit erature. His mind seems to have been too broad for any aspect of the sectional question. We do not find him invoking upon his labors the dew of Southern skies, nor bewailing the sad mischance by which it was not contrived that he should be born in Boston, nor do we find him bidding for Northern recognition by unexpected surrenders of Southern tradition, which leave small standing room for self respect. He was among the very few in any part of the Union, who "got over the war" as soon as it ended. The hundred years of our national life produced no poet upno whom the writing of the Centennial Cantata would have imposed a deeper sense of the piety of the task. He entered upon it with a heart full of purest and most reverent love for the land and the people whose history was to be "summed in song." The all but universal mockery with which the Cantata was received gave him a rude shock. "Tense Keats, with angel's nerves" had hardly a severer ordeal. Judged by popular standards the Cantata was a failure. The public wanted to hear about the star-spangled banner and the drum taps of Revolutionary battles. His fine poem in the Psalm of the West, on the battle of Lexington ,-the best that has been written, shows that he might have done excellently what the public expected the author of the Cantata to do. As it was intended for the popular heart, it seems to us that he should not have overshot his audience. But the fundamental conception of the framework of the poem, Columbia seated on her hundred-terraced height, is an image not readily taken into the imagination: the elaboration of the details demands even more of mental effort. Out of his own mouth he might be told that here was, "Needless overtax of speech Which had as lief be plain." Of course it could not be popular, and Philistinism saw its opportunity. Beautiful was the spirit in which he received the howling of the newspapers. Ln a letter he says: "The whole agitation has been of infinite value to me. It hsa taught me, in the first place; to lift my heart absolutely above all expectations save that which finds its fulfillment in the larger con- 31 CURRICULUM LABORAiCH~Y COLLEGE OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA . . . . . . . ----~ ------~====================~~~~---- sciousness of faithful devotion to the highest ideal in art. ~his enables one to work in tranquility. In the second place, it has naturally caused me to make a merciless arraignment and trial of my own artistic purposes; and an unspeakable content arises out of the revelation that they come from the ordeal confirmed in innocence and clearly defined in their relations with all things. I do not hate the people who have so cruelly maltreated me; they know not what they did, and my life shall be of some avail if it shall teach even one of them a consideration that may bloom in tenderer treatment of any future young artist.'' Note. "On account of the previous offer to Literary Life of this portion of the letter to Clifford Lanier, it could not be printed elsewhere beforehand. C. L. will know when it has appeared, if it does appear. M. D. L." The poem contains one stanza which met all the requirements of his own artistic conception and of the popular taste: "Long as thine Art shall love true love, Long as thy Science truth shall know, Long as thine Eagle harms no Dove, Long as thy Law by law shall grow, Long as thy God is God above, Thy brother every man below, So long, dear Land of all my love, .Thy name shall shine, thy fame shall glow." Lanier's d_ctrin~Lt.h~credness_ of personality ~~s the key to all hi Yiews of man. No one more strongly than he has emphasized the lesson which is taught in the Christian hyperbole that not even a sparrow falls to the ground without moving the Divine heart. This doctrine involves a deep sense of responsibility expressed in the fine poem "Individuality": a large tolerance, bespoken somewhat too strenuously in "Remonstrance," and a love for men which pleads in behalf of the toiling, moiling masses, not only for bread, but for some beauty to be shed upon their narrow lot. "Alas for the poor to have some part In yon sweet living land of Art, Makes problem not for head, but heart, Vainly might Plato's brain revolve it Plainly the heart of a child could solve it." 32 "His heart the lowliest duties on herself did lay." He sought to be of use, whenever he could touch the practical needs of his time. He was moved with pity and wrath at the system of Southern farming under which the ox did not know his owner, because of mortgages that made ownership doubtful, nor the ass his master's crib because it was in the far West. A protest against this wretched policy is heard in "Corn," and in his best dialect poem, which has furnished a phrase that has become part of the vernacular: ''There's more in the man Than there is in the land." For Nature his own love is that which speaks in the flute voice in the "Symphony": "All men are neighbors,' so the sweet Voice said, So when man's arms had circled all man's race, The liberal compass of his warm embrace Stretched bigger yet in the dark bounds of space; With hands a-grope he felt smooth Nature'? grace, Drew her to breast and kissed her sweetheart face: Yea, man found neighbors in great hills and trees And streams and clouds, and suns and birds and bees, And throbbed with neighbor-loves in loving these." Nature's ~r_ oi..!p inistry to man is wrought out in the "Ballad of the Trees and the Master." The-unsung aspects of Nature have inspired his best poems. He was the first that ever burst. . .See "Lanier had a passion for the exact truth." H~ was never content unless he could go to the root of a matter. He wa~ not satisfied to use the flute merely as an instrument for the production of musical sounds, but he must investigate its mechanism and spend many hours upon an invention to increase its power, an invention which he did not live to perfect. So it was not enough for him to know as a poet that "Trochee trips from long to short Iambics march from short to long." He must needs go deeper and find out wherefore and why these mertical feet affect the ear with these peculiar results. ' 3J But with him the highlight of truth finds its prism in the imagination. The soul would never cease to "Demand of Science whence and why Man's tender pain, man's inward cry When he doth gaze on earth and sky." It is not easy to locate Lanier's place in literature by comparison with other poets, nor is it easy to find traces in his poems of the shaping influences impressed upon him by his great predecessors in song. There is a wide range in the faculties which he employs, in his forms of poetic utterance, in the subjects which appealed to his imagination. In the high correctness of his Art, he reminds us most of Tennyson: in a delicate classicism, of Keats: in spiritual intensity of Mrs. Browning. His poems are "Of imagination all compact." and while there is in them none of the mysticism by which one can test his sanity as did Theodore Hook by that of Browning's "Sordello," yet they are so compact in their structure that they will give most pleasure to those who are willing to study them; not to those whose demand of poetry, something which he who runs may read. It is too early to attempt to define Lanier's place in literature. But as the present writer has an opinion, he may as well express it, using another's words: (Quotation from Judge Blecklh , used before) "His reputation which is now a mere germ will grow into one of the tall cedars of the poetic Lebanon." It is evident that his title to immortality is not dependent simply on what he might have done. On the other hand it is equally true that his title to fame cannot be tested by the full measure of his capacity, as in the case of those poets who have lived the full round of a working life. But in art, quality avails more than quantity. Quotation used before. It was said of some poet that he goes down to posterity with a small book under his arm. The same may be told of Lanier. The book is very small but it is very precious. He has gone to "join the choir invisible, whose music is the gladness of the world." 34 THE SPIRIT OF LANIER (Sidney Lanier was graduated from Oglethorpe University, Milledgeville, Georgia. His diploma, presented by Mrs. Lanier to the revived Oglethorpe, in Atlanta, now hangs in the office of the president.) Yon trim Shakespeare on the cope of Lupton Hall, Calls through the sunny hours: "Oglethorpe, Oglethorpe, Where' s Lanier? Where's Lanier? Is he here? Is he here? Here - here - here - here?" And the solemn chimes give answer: "Here he hath been, is, and will be, Evermore - Forevermore!" And in the quiet moonlight, When the winds speak of Okmulgee, Then the mockingbird, in memory Of his master's silver flute, Trills the echo of a spirit, Catholic and heaven-high, That will not die, That - will - not - die! -WIGHTMAN F. MELTON. SIDNEY LANIER Statesmen, soldiers, historians, and poets have played their part in the progress of the State of Georgia. In this distinguished company, no name stands out with greater distinction than that of Sidney Lanier, who sang the song of the Chattahoochee, and with his gifted pen illustrated the lessons of beauty and profound religious philos-l ophy taught by fiefdS-of growing plants and by the mystenous Marshes of Glynn I anier was essentially a poet of nature, one who "Looked Through Nature Up to Nature's God." He wrote of the mockingbirds, of the Tampa robins, of "The Trees and the Master." A deeply spiritual and rc:ligious nature is seen in all his works. Sidney Lanier was of French descent. As far back in English annals as the sixteenth century the family of Laniers were noted 35 musicians, well received at the court of Queen Elizabeth. Following the succeeding centuries, we find the descendants of this musical family still popular at the courts of Charles 1st, Charles 2nd and James 2nd. In 1716 the Laniers of that day emigrated to Virginia, and following the course taken by many newcomers they slowly drifted through the Carolinas, until the grandfather of Sidney settled at Macon. Here the father of Sidney engaged in the study and the practice of law. The mother of the future poet was a Virginian of Scotch ancestry, and the religious atmosphere of the home was Presbyterian. Into this household were born three children-Sidney, Clifford and a sister, Mary, of whom Sidney has written, "My sister Mary never drifted from her native home, which was Heaven." The unselfish devotion of the two brothers, Sidney and Clifford, formed a beautiful episode in the lives of both. While in the army, Sidney several times was offered promotion, which he declined, not wishing to be sepa- rated from his brother. It goes without saying, that with such an ancestry, Sidney Lanier was a born musician. At the very early age of seven years, he played on every instrument, and almost without instruction, except what he received from his mother:. .A toy flute presented to him on Christmas became his delight. It was very smaU: a:nd had but one stop, yet he practiced incessantly.;' and with rare skill. He could draw acceptable music, from the guitar, the banjo and the violin. The latter instrument he really preferred, but yielded to the wish of his father, who feared that he might become too much absorbed in the study of this instrument, and asked him to concentrate his musical efforts on the flute. But music was not all his llfe. Many of his leisure hours were given to books. He was a voracious reader. The family library was in his father 's office, which adjoined that residence. Here side by side with dusty law books, Sidney found the King Arthur Treasure House, the tales of King Arthur, and the Knights of th~ Round Table, the Ballads of Bishop Percy, Froissart arid other work~ of a like romantic character. Such reading, no doubt, had much to do in shaping the character and career of the man. In later years, when literature had become his profession, and hack work for a livelihood sometimes became a necessity, he prepared several of these books for the pleasure of young people, especially young boys, with the following 36 introduction, to the Percy Ballads, "He who walks in the way these ballads point, will learn: To be manful in necessary fight; fair in trades; loyal in love; generous to the poor; tender to the household; prudent in living; plain in speech, merry upon occasion; simple in behavior; and honest in all things." With such a standard for his own conduct, what could be lacking to complete a beautiful, pathetic and gifted life. For one year, Lanier was a student at Oglethorpe College; then a clerk in the Macon post office. He again entered college, at 17, and graduated from Oglethorpe at 18. This was in 1860. A year later the War Between the States began. Sidney enlisted in the Second Georgia Battalion; a little later he was joined by his brother then only 17 years old. The brothers entered the service as privates. They refused promotion many times, because they did not wish to be separated. It is said that Sidney was in several skirmishes near Richmond. Camp life did not wholly interrupt his reading and more serious studies, for he himself relates that in self-preservation, he tried to set some of Tennyson's songs to music, and that at night after currying his horse, he would study the German language, and translate Heine, Goethe and Schiller. At one time, by a sudden attack on his camp, the Federals carried off, not only cooking utensils and clothing, but what was much more serious, his German glessary, his Heine, Aurora Leigh and Les Miserables; which shows that the thoughts of the studious young soldier still turned occasionally to romance. As the war progressed, the two brothers were separated. Sidney became a scout, then a member of the signal service, and finally in 1864 he was placed as an officer on a blockade runner. On the first run out of East Inley, near Fort Fisher, the boat was captured. All his fellow officers were English. They urged him to put on an English uniform and claim English protection, but he refused. He was sent as a prisoner to Point Lookout, a most unsanitary prison, where the seeds of disease of which later he was to die, were planted. Here his flute, which he had managed to conceal on his person, became his only solace. With its sweet tones he cheered the prison hours of his companions in misfortune, among those was a kindred spirit in the future poet priest, Father Tabb. After five months Lanier was released, and taken to City Point to be exchanged. The weather was bitterly cold, and he was thinly clad. A serious 37 illness followed of which he came near dying. Thus enfeebled, his flute and a twenty-dollar gold piece, his only possessions, he made his way back home to Macon. Prison life and other privations had been too much for his strength. A six weeks' illness followed , and he rose from a sick bed to witness the death of his mother from consumption, and to realize his own condition, very serious, with pronounced congestion of one lung. Broken in health and fortune , he sought employment wherever opportunity offered- as tutor in a private family; later, clerk in a hotel in Montgomery, Ala.; but throughout all these changes and disappointments, he kept up his studies, and his literary efforts. While in camp he had begun the writing of a novel, "Tiger Lilies." This work completed, in 1867 he went to New York in search of a publisher. Returning to Macon he entered his father's office and began the study and the practice of law. For five years he labored in this new field, always out of sympathy with its dull and exacting facts and forms. In 1868 he married Miss Mary Day, of Macon. It was an ideally happy marriage. In his fine poem, "My Springs," he wrote a heartfelt tribute to her many virtues. About this time he wrote his poem, "Corn,'~ the first of his works to obtain recognition from northern critics. _.'He now determined to devote himself to music and literature, and writes to his father: "Does it not seem to you as to me, that I begin to have the right to enroll myself among the devotees of these two sublime arts, music and poetry, having followed them so long and so blindly, and through so much bitterness?" Through the aid of his father, and the unselfish devotion of his wife he was enabled to carry out this plan. In 1873 he went to Baltimore, where he obtained employment as first flute in the Baltimore Symphony Orchestra; this, with teaching, writing for newspapers, and other hack work, enabled him to meet necessary expenses. In 1879 came his a ppointment as lecturer in English literature at John Hopkins University. In this connection his most enduring literary work was done. The disease which was sapping his strength had now made great progress. His failing health compelled him to seek rest in the more favorable climate of San Antonio, Texas. In a literary way, he profited by this, writing a most interesting history 38 of Texas, and the "Tragedy of the Alamo." Later he traveled in Florida in the employ of a railroad company, and wrote a charming account of Florida scenery from a boat on the Oklawaha River. He was now fully launched in a literary career, and had obtain!:'d the recognition of famous writers and well-known literary critics. He delivered his lectures at John Hopkins under almost insurmountable difficulties, owing to his rapidly failing health. His lectures on "The Science of English Verse" and the "Development of the English Novel" are probably considered his best. These and many of his other works are now considered standard. In 1876 he wrote the Cantata for the opening of the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. One of Lanier's critics writes: "It often happens that English critics discover our stars before their existence has dawned upon us. 'The Spectator' was one of the first to assign to him (Lanier) his rightful place among the poets of America. They class him as our Wordsworth and our Keats. He was essentially a poet of nature. The songs of birds, the buzzing of bees, the multipled shapes of the leaves, the fragrance of the flowers-all filled him with a soul satisfaction which finds expression in his verse. No one who has ever sojourned in the north Georgia mountains, in spring and summer, can read the 'Song of the Chattahoochee' and not visualize the little mountain streams rippling over their rocky beds, and flowing between banks laden with fragrant rhwnample garments from pieasure to Pl eas ure,~ The wave-serrate sea-rim sinks unjarring, unreeling, Forever revealing, revealing, revealing, Edgewise, bladewise, halfwise, wholewise,- 'tis done!. Good-morrow, lord Sun! With several voice, with ascription one, The woods and the marsh and the sea and my soul Unto thee, whence the glittering stream of all morrows doth roll , Cry good and past-good and most heavenly morrow, lord Sun. 0 Artisan born in the purple,-Workman Heat,Parter of passionate atoms tll.qJ_ travail to meet And be mixed in the death-cold oneness,-innermost Guest At the marriage of elements,-fellow of publicans,-blest King in t he blouse of flame, that loiterest o'er The idle skies yet laborest fast evermore,Thou , in the fine forge-thunder, thou, in the beat Of the heart of a man, thou Motive, -Laborer Heat: Yea, Artist, thou, of whose art yon sea's all news, 81 With his inshore greens and manifold mid-sea blues, Pearl-glint, shell-tint, ancientest perfectest hues Ever shaming the maidens, - lily and rose Confess thee, and each mild flame that glows In the clarified virginal bosoms of stones that shine, It is thine, it is thine: Thou chemist of storms, whether driving the winds a-swirl Or a flicker the subtiler essences polar that whirl In the magnet earth,- yea, thou with a storm for a heart, Rent with debate, many-spotted with question, part From part oft sundered, yet ever a globed light, Yet ever the artist, ever more large and bright Than the eye of a man may avail of :-manifold One, I must pass from the face, I must pass from the face of the Sun: Old Want is awake and agog, every wrinkle a-frown; The worker must pass to his work in the terrible town: But I fear not, nay, and I fear not the thing to be done; I am strong with the strength of my lord the Sun: How dark, how dark soever the race that must needs be run, I am lit with the Sun. Oh, never the mast-high run of the seas Of traffic shall hide thee, Never the hell-colored smoke of the factories Hide thee, Never the reek of the time's fen-politics Hide thee, And ever my heart through the night shall with knowledge abide thee, And ever by day shall my spirit, as one that hath tried thee, Labor, at leisure, in art,-till yonder beside thee My soul shall float, friend Sun, The day being done. Baltimore, December, 1880. 82 IRELAND (Written during the Irish famine, 1880.) Heartsome Ireland, winsome Ireland, Charmer of the sun and sea, Bright beguiler of old anguish, How could Famine frown on thee? As our Gulf-Stream, drawn to thee-ward, Turns him from his northward flow, And our wintry western headlands Send thee summer from their snow, Thus the main and cordial current Of our love sets over sea,- Tender; comely, valiant Ireland, Songful, soulful, sorrowful Ireland,- Strea'ming warm to comfort thee. Baltimore, 1880. A BALLAD OF TREES AND THE MASTER Into the woods my Master went, Clean forspent, forspent. Into the woods my Master came, Forspent with love and shame. B t tp_e olives they were not blind to Him, Tlie little gray leaves were kind to Him, The thorn-tree had a mind to Him When into the woods He came. Out of the woods my Master went, And He was well content. Out of the woods my Master came, Content with death and shame. When Death and Shame would woo Him last, From under the trees they drew Him last; 'Twas on a tree they slew Him-last 'When out of the woods He came. Baltimore, November, 1880. 83 EVENING SONG Look off, dear Love, across the sallow sands, And mark yon meeting of the sun and sea, How long they kiss in sight of all the lands. Ah! longer, longer, we. Now in the sea's red vintage melts the sun, As Egypt's pearl dissolved in rosy wine, And Cleopatra night drinks all. 'Tis done, Love, lay thine hand in mine. Come forth, sweet stars, and comfort heaven's heart; Glimmer, ye waves, round else unlighted sands. 0 night! divorce our sun and sky apart Never our lips, our hands. 1876. LANIER'S "LIGHTER" VERSE In his wholly serious poem, "Corn," written at Sunnyside, Spalding County, Georgia, in the summer of 1874, Sidney Lanier pioneered in the idea of diversified farming. Five years earlier (1869), at his home in Macon, Georgia, his semi-humorous poem, "Thar's Mora in the Man than Thar is in the Land," shows that the author was also a pioneer in the idea of intensified farming. When the Lanier brothers, Sidney and Clifford, got together, whether in Macon, Georgia; Montgomery or Prattville, Alabama; or Baltimore, Maryland, they had a jolly time playing with verse. "The Power of Prayer; or the First Steamboat on the Alabama," produced by the brothers in Baltimore (1875), is a fine example of their exuberance of spirit when they got together. Usually, Irwin Russell (1853-1879), of Port Gibson, Mississippi, is credited with being "the first to represent in convincing form the literary possibilities of the Negro"-quoted from Stark Young's A Southern Treasury of Life and Literature, 1937, Charles Scribner's Sons~but Russell's greatest Negro poem, "Christmas Night in the Quarters," was published in Scribner's Magazine, January, 1878; whereas, the Lanier poem was produced in 1875-three years earlier. 84 Both Russell and theLaniers present Negro philosophy in convincing form, but none of them ~quals Joel Chandler Harris and Frank L. Stanton in perfecting the Negro dialect, and using it consistently. For example, the Laniers and Russell use "like" for "lak." Stanton's "Mighty Lak a Rose" illustrates the point in question; but, come to think of it, Harris also uses "like." Anyhow, Russell, Harris, and Stanton always say "de" for "the," "dis" for "this," "dat" for "that," "dey" for "they," etc., wh~reas Edgar Allan Poe and the Laniers use "de" and "the" in the same line of dialect. Even so, where will we find finer Negro philosophy than this by the Laniers? "What use de wheel, when hub an' spokes is warped an' split an' rotten? What use dis dried-up cotton-stalk, when Life done picked de cotton? I's like a word dat somebody said, an' den done been forgotten." THE POWER OF PRAYER; OR, THE FIRST STEAMBOAT UP THE ALABAMA By SIDNEY and CLIFFORD LANIER You, Dinah! Come and set me whar de ribber-roads does meet. De Lord, He made dese black-jack roots to twis' into a seat. Umph, dar! De Lord have mussy on dis blin' ole nigger's feet. It 'pear' to me dis mornin' I kin smell de fust o' June. I 'dar', I b'lieve dat mockin'-bird could play de fiddle soon! Dem yonder town-bells sounds like dey was ringin' in de moon. Well, ef dis nigger is been blind for fo'ty year' or mo', Dese ears, dey sees de world, like, th'u' cracks dat'sin de do', For de Lord has built dis body wid de windows 'hind and fo'. I know my front ones is stopped up, and things is sort o' dim, But den, th'u' dem, temptation's rain won't leak in on ole Jim! De back ones show me earth enough, aldo' dey's mons'ous slim. And as for Hebben,-bless de Lord, and praise His holy nameDat shines in all de co'ners of dis cabin jes' de same As ef dat cabin padn't nar' a plank upon de frame! 85 Who call me? Listen down de ribber, Dinah! Don't you hyar Somebody holl'in, " Hoo, Jim, hoo?" My Sarah died las' y'ar; Is dat black angel done come back to call ole Jim f'om hyar? My stars, dat cain't be Sarah, shuh! Jes' listen, Dinah, now! What kin be comin' up dat bend, a-makin' sich a row? Fus' bellerin' like a pawin' bull, den squealin' like a sow? De Lord 'a' mussy sakes alive, jes' hear, ker-woof, ker-woofDe Debbie's comin' round dat bend, he's comin' shuh-enuff, A-splashin' up de water wid his tail and wid his hoof! I's pow'ful skeered; but neversomeless I ain't gwine run away; I'm gwine to stand stiff-legged for de Lord dis blessed d ay. You screech, and swish de water, Satan! I's a-gwine to pray. 0 hebbenly Marster, what thou wiliest, dat mus' be jes' so, And ef Thou hast bespoke de word, some nigger's bound to go. Den, Lord, please take ole Jim , a nd lef young Dinah hyar below! 'Scuse Dinah, 'scuse her, Marster; for she's sich a little chile, She hardly jes' begin to scramble up de homeward stile, But dis ole traveller's feet been tired dis many and many a mile. I's wufless as de rotten pole of las' year's fodder-stack. De rheumatiz done hi t my bones; you hear 'em crack and crack? I cain't sit down 'clout gruntin' like 'twas breakin' o' my back. What use de wheel, when hub and spokes is warped and split and rotten? What use dis dried-up cotton-stalk, when Life done picked de cotton? I's like a word dat somebody said, and den done been forgotten. But, Dinah! Shuh dat gal jes' like dis little hick'ry tree, De sap's jes' risin' in her; she do grow owdaciousleeLord, ef you's clarin' de underbrush, don't cut her down, cut me! I would not proud persume--but I'll boldly make reques': Sence Jacob had dat wrastlin'-match, I, too, gwine do my bes'; When J acob got all underholt, de Lord he answered Y,es! 86 And what for waste de vittles, now, and th'ow away de bread, J es' for to strength dese idle hands to scratch dis ole bald head? T'ink of de 'conomy, Marster, ef dis ole Jim was dead! Stop;- ef I don't believe de Debbie's gone on up de stream! Jes' now he squealed down dar;-hush; dat's a mighty weakly scream! Vas, sir, he's gone, he's gone;-he snort way off, like in a dream! 0 glory hallelujah to de Lord dat reigns on high! De Debbie's fai'ly skeered to clef, he done gone flyin' by; I know'd he couldn't stand dat pra'r, I felt my Marster nigh! You , Dinah, ain't you 'shamed, now, dat you dido' trust to grace? I heered you thrashin' th'u' de bushes when he showed his face! You fool, you think de Debbie couldn't beat you in a race? I tell you, Dinah, jes' as shuh as you is standin' dar, When folks starts prayin', answer-angels drops down th'u' de a'r. Yas, Dinah, whar 'ould you be now, jes' 'ceptin' fur dat pra'r? Baltimore, 1875. THAR'S MORE IN THE MAN THAN THAR IS IN THE LAND I knowed a man, which he lived in Jones, Which Jones is a county of red hills and stones, And he lived pretty much by gittin' of loans, And his mules was nuthin' but skin and bones, And his hogs was flat as corn-bread pones, And he had 'bout a thousand acres o' land. This man-which his name it was also JonesHe swore that he'd leave them old red hills and stones, For he couldn't make nuthin' but yallerish cotton, And little o' that, and his fences.was rotten, And what little corn he had, hit was boughten And dinged ef a-livin' was in the land. 87 And the longer he swore the madder he got, And he riz and he walked to the stable lot, And he hollered to Tom to come thar and hitch Fur to emigrate somewhar whar land was rich, And to quit raisin' cock-burrs, thistles ahd sich, And a-wastin' the'r time on the cussed land. So him and Tom they hitched up the mules, Pertestin' that folks was mighty big fools That 'ould stay in Georgy the'r lifetime out, Jest scratchin' a livin' when all of 'em mought Git places in Texas whar cotton would sprout By the time you could plant it in the land. And he driv by a house whar a man named Brown Was a-livin', not fur from the edge o' town, And he bantered Brown fur to buy his place, And said that bein' as money was skace, And bein' as sheriffs was hard to face, Two dollars a' acre would git the land. They closed at a dollar and fifty cents, And Jones he bought him a waggin and tents, And loaded his corn, and his wimmin, and truck, And moved to Texas, which it tuck His entire pile, with the best of luck, To git thar and git him a little land. But Brown moved out on the old Jones farm, And he rolled up his breeches and bared his arm, And he picked all the rocks from off'n the groun', And he rooted it up and he plowed it down, Then he sowed his corn and his wheat in the land. Five years glid by, and Brown, one day (Which he'd got so fat that he wouldn't weigh), Was a settin' down, sorter lazily, To the bulliest dinner you ever see, When one o' the children jumped on his knee And says, "Van's Jones, which you bought his land." 88 And thar was Jones, standin' out at the fence, And he hadn't no waggin, nor mules, nor tents, Fur he had left Texas a-foot and cum To Georgy to see if he couldn't git some Employment, and he was a-lookin' as hum- ble as ef he had never owned any land. But Brown he axed him in, and he sot Him down to his vittles smokin' hot, And when he had filled himself and the floor Brown looked at him sharp and riz and swore That "whether men's land was rich or poor There was more in the man than there was in the land. Macon, Georgia, 1869. 89 UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA LIBRARY BooKs BY SIDNEY LANIER The English Novel: A study in the development of personality. Revised edition Scribner, N. Y., 1900. Hymns of the Marshes: Illustrated from nature by Henry Troth. Scribner, N. Y., 1907. Contents-Sunrise, Individuality, Marsh Song, At Sunset, The Marshes of Glynn. Music and Poetry: Essays upon some subjects and inter-relations of the two arts. Scribner, N. Y., 1898. Poems: Lippincott, Philadelphia. Poems of Sidney Lanier: Edited by his wife, with a Memorial by William Hayes Ward. New edition, Scribner, 1905. Same as above: Scribner, 1920. Retrospects and Prospects: Descriptive and historical essays. Scribner, 1899. (Contents-Retrospects and Prospects, San Antonio de Bexar, Confederate Memorial Address, The New South, Sketches of India). Shakespeare and His Forerunners: Studies in Elizabethan poetry and its development from early English. Doubleday, N. Y., 1908. Science of English Verse: Scribner, N.Y., 1901. Froissart, Jean. The Boys Froissart: Being Sir John Froissart's Chronicles of adventure, battle and custom in England, France, Spain, etc., edited for boys with introduction by Sidney Lanier, illustrated by Alfred Kappes. Scribner, N.Y., 1882. Mabinogion. Knightly Legends of Wales: or, The Boys' Mabinogion , being the earliest Welsh tales of King Arthur in the famous red book of Hergest; edited for boys with an introduction by Sidney Lanier, illustrated by Alfred Fredericks. Scribner, N. Y., 1881. Malory, Sir Thomas. The Boys' King Arthur: Being Sir Thomas Malory's History of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. Edited for boys with introduction by Sidney Lanier, illustrated by Alfred Kappes. Scribner, N.Y., 1881. Percy, Thomas. The Boys' Percy: Being old ballads of war; adventure and love, from Bishop Thomas Percy's Reliques of Ancient English Poetry. Edited for boys with introduction by Sidney Lanier, with fifty illustrations from original designs by E. B. Bersell. Scribner, 1882. The English Novel and the Principle of Its Dezelopment: Scribner, N.Y., 1883. 90 Lanier Book: Selections in prose and verse; edited by Mary E. Burt. Scribner, 1904. Poem Outlines: Scribner, 1908. St. Augustine in April: The Ocklawaha in May. (In Edward Strahan, Sidney Lanier, Edward A. Pollard and others, some highways and byways of American travel, p.107-131). Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1878. Select Poems: Edited with an introduction, notes and bibliography by Morgan Callaway. Scribner, N. Y., 1878. Selections, Prose and Verse: Introduction and notes. Edited by Henry W. Lanier. Scribner, N. Y., 1916. Tiger Lilies: A Novel. Hurd & Houghton, N.Y., 1867. 1776-1876. By appointment of the U. S. Centennial Commission. The Centennial Meditation of Columbia. A cantata for the inaugural ceremonies at Philadelphia, May 10, 1876. Poem by Sidney Lanier of Georgia. Music by Dudley Buck of Connecticut. G. Schirmer, N.Y., 1876. BOOKS BY SIDNEY LANIER, NOT IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA LIBRARY Bob; the Story of Our Mocking Bird: Scribner, N.Y., 1899. Florida: It's Scenery, Climate and History. Lippincott, N.Y., 1877. Poems: Edited by M. Lanier, with a memorial by William Hayes Ward. (Scribner series of modern poets) new edition. Scribner, N.Y., 1916. Song of the Chattahoochee: (Eight page classics), Parker Pub. Co. English Novel: (In W. M. Payne's "American Literary Criticism," p. 273-96). From Bacon to Beethoven: (In J. R. Boward's "Best American Essays," p.327-43). BOOKS NOT IN UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA LIBRARY- ABOUT SIDNEY LANIER Davidson, James W. Living Writers of the South: p. 321. Carleton, N.Y., 1869. Williams, S. T. Lanier: (In J. A. Macy's "American Writers on American Literature," 327-41). Liveright, 1931. 91 BooKs ABOUT SIDNEY LANIER Beeson, Mrs. Leola (Selman). Sidney Lanier at Oglethorpe University: Introduction by Mrs. John W. Daniel. Macon, Ga., The J. W. Burke Co., 1936. Bradford, Gamaliel. Sidney Lanier: (In his "American Portraits," 1875-1900, p. 59-83}. N. Y., Houghton, 1932. Clarke, George Herbert. Some Reminiscences and Early Letters of Sidney Lanier: With an introduction by Harry Stillwell Edwards. Published under the auspices of the Sidney Lanier Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Macon, Ga., The J. W. Burke Co., 1907. Lanier, C. A. Sonnets to Sidney Lanier. Huebsch, 1915. Mims, Edwin . Sidney Lanier. N.Y., Houghton, 1905. Squires, W. H. T. Sidney Lanier: (In his "The Land of Decision," p. 104-128) Portsmouth, Va., Printcraft Press Inc., 1931. Starke, Aubrey Harrison. Sidney Lanier, a Biographical and Critical Study: Chapel Hill, University of N.C. Press, 1933. Strong, A. H. Sidney Lanier: (In his "American Poets and their Theology," p. 369-418). Phil Griffeth and Rowland Press, 1916. Wayland, John Walter. Sidney Lanier at Rockingham Springs: Where and how the "Science of English Verse" was written; a new chapter in American letters. Dayton, Va., Ruebush-Elkins Co.,1912. Westfeldt, G. R . Fifteen Minutes with Sidney Lanier: Gustaf R. Westfeldt, New Orleans, La. BooKs ABOUT LANIER-IN THE DERENNE (U. oF GA.) LIBRARY Hubner, Charles William. Representative Southern Poets: N. Y., Neale Publishing Co., 1906. Lanier Memorial Meeting. Baltimore, 1881. Sidney Lanier. (Pamphlet). West Charles Nephew. A Brief Sketch of the Life and Writings of Sidney Lanier: An address before the Georgia Historical Society, ( at Savannah on the 5th of December, 1887. Savannah, Ga., Townsend, printer and binder, 1888. Gates, Merrill Edwards. Sidney Lanier: A paper by President Merrill E. Gates. Presbyterian Review, v. 117, October, 1887. Wells, George Stockton. Sidney Lanier; His Life and Writings: Publication of the Southern History Association, v.3, no. 3, July, 1899. 92 BooKs ABOUT LANIER-NOT IN THE UNIVERSITY OF GA. LIBRARY Clark, T. A. Sidney Lanier: Parker Publishing Company. Flournoy, Mrs. Mary H. Sidney Lanier: (In her "Essays: Historical and Critical," p. 89-96). Baltimore, Norman Remington Company, 1928. Lorenz, Lincoln. Life of Sidney Lanier: N. Y., Coward-McCain, 1935. Mayfield, J. S. Sidney Lanier in Texas: R. Ashley, Box 227, S.M. U. Station, Dallas, Texas. Snyder, H. N. Sidney Lanier: Methodist Book Co., 1906. Allen, G. W . Sidney Lanier: (In "American Prosody," p. 277306). American Book Company, 1935. Myers, J. A. Sidney Lanier: (In his "Fighters of Fate," p. 174181.) Williams&Wilkins, 1927. Wood, Clement. Sidney Lanier: Music Weds Poetry: (In his "Poets of America," p. 68-81.) Dutton, 1925. Dewey, T. A. Sidney Lanier: (In his "Poetry in Song," p. 46-73.) Orgain, K. A. Sidney Lanier: (In his "Southern Authors," p9-23.) Stedman, E. C. Eulogy : (In his "Genius and Other Essays," p. 250-253 .) Moffat, 1911. Le Gallienne, Richard. Sidney Lanier: an English appreciation. (In his "Attitudes and Avowals," p. 342-350.) Lane, 1910. Foerster, Norman. Lanier: (In his "Nature in American Literature," p. 221-237.) MacMillan, 1923. Chubb, E. W. Sidney Lanier: (In his "Stories of Authors," p. 344-48.) MacMillan, 1926. Burton, Richard. Life and Literary Genius of Lanier: (In his Literary Leaders of America," p. 296-309.) N. Y. , Chautauqua Press, 1903. Brenner, Rica. Sidney Lanier: (In his "Twelve American Poets Before 1900," p. 296-320.) Harcourt, 1933. ADDITIONAL BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SIDNEY LANIER Shepherd, H. E. Character of His Work: Current Lit. V. 32: 108-10. January, 1902. Mabie, H. W. Estimate. Portrait: Outlook. V. 71: 235-9. May 24, 1902. Le Gallienne, R. Poetry of Lanier: Living Age. V. 224: 840-3 . March 31, 1900. 93 Clarke, G. H. Early Letters and Reminiscences: Ind. 61: 1092-8. NovemberS, 1906. Place of Lanier in American Poetry: Por. Current Lit. V. 40: 36-8. January, 1906. Northrup, M. H. Recollections and Letters: Por. Lippincott, V. 75: 302-15. March, 1905. Macy, J. American Writer. Spirit of America: Lit. 309-23. Pickett, L. C. Sunrise Poet: Lippincott, V. 88: 851-8. December, 1911. Foerster, N. Lanier as a Poet of Nature: Nation, V. 108: 981-3. June 21, 1919. Bradford, G. Portrait of Sidney Lanier: N. American Rev., V. 211: 805-17. June, 1920. Thorpe, H. C. Sidney Lanier: A Poet for Musicians: Music Quarterly, V. 11, 373-82. July , 1925. Starke, A. Agrarians Deny a Leader: American Rev. V. 2 :534-53. March, 1934. Ransom, J. C. Hearts and Heads: Reply to A. Starke. Amer. Rev. V. 2: 554-71, March, 1934. Warren, R. P. Blind Poet: Amer. Rev. V. 2: 27-45, November, 1933. Starke, A. H. Sidney Lanier as a Musician: Bibliog. facsim. Music Quarterly, V. 20: 384-400. October , 1934. Tate, A. Southern Romantic: New Repub. V. 76: 67-70, August 30, 1933. Melton, W. F. Poems of Trees: Sidney Lanier Memorial, Vols1., II., III. , IV., V., VI., Curtiss Printing Company, Atlanta, 1932. 1937. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY LIBRARY The following is a partial list of the contents of the Lanier Collection in the Library of Johns Hopkins University. Dr. John C. French, Librarian, says, "I think we have about everything that Lanier is known to have published, and in practically all editions, and an extensive list of critical works that deal with him. There is also a considerable clipping collection.'' 94 BooKs BY SIDNEY LANIER Poems: Philadelphia, London, J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1877. The Science of English verse : New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1880. - - - 1893. - - - 1894. Music and poetry: Essays upon some aspects and inter-relations of the two arts. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1898. - - - 1914. Poem outlines: New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1908. Poems: E dited by his wife; with a memorial by William Hayes Ward. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1884. 1885. 1904. 1888. 1905 . 1896. 1915. 1901. 1916. 1920. The English novel and the principle of its development: New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1883. Shakespeare and his forerunners: Studies in Elizabethan poetry and its development from early English. New York, Doubleday, Page & Co ., 1902. - - - 1908 (Complete in one volume). Tiger-lilies. A novel: New York, Hurd and Houghton , 1867. Hymns of the marshes: Illustrated from nature by Henry Troth. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1907. The Lanier book: Selections in prose and verse from the writings of Sidney Lanier; edited by Mary E. Burt. New York, C. Scrib- ner's Sons, 1914. Letters of Sidney L anier: Selections from his correspondence, 1866-1881. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1899. - - - 1902. Retrospect and prospects: D escriptive and historical essays. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1899. Select poems: Edited with an introduction, note and bibliography by Morgan Callaway. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1895. - - - 1898. Selections from his poems: With bibliographical and critical sketch by Richard Burton. In Warner's Library of the World's best litera- ture, V. 15: 8891-8902. Bob; the story of our mocking-bird: New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1899. New York, 1910. 95 Selections from Sidney Lanier: Prose and verse, with an introduction and notes, edited by Henry W. Lanier. New York, Chicago (etc.) C. Scribner's Sons (cl916). Malory, Sir Thomas, The boy's King Arthur: Sir Thomas Malory's history of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table, edited for boys by Sidney Lanier; illustrated by N. C. Wyeth . New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1933. - - - 1880. - - - 1925. Froissart, Jean, The boy's Froissart: Being Sir John Froissart's Chronicles of adventure, battle, and custom in England, France, Spain, etc: Edited for boys with an introduction by Sidney Lanier. Illustrated by Alfred Kappes. New York, C. Scribner's Sons, 1879. Mabinogion, The boy's Mabinogion: Being the earliest Welch tales of King Arthur in the famous Red book of Hargest. Edited by Sidney Lanier. New York, 1881. Some highways and byways of American travel: By Edward Strahan (pseud.) Sidney Lanier, Edward A. Pollard, and others. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1878. Florida: its scenery, climate, and history: With an account of Charleston, Savannah, Augusta, and Aiken, and a chapter for consumptives; being a complete hand-book and guide. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott & Co., (c1875). - - - 1876. BooKs ABOUT LANIER Mims, Edwin, Sidney Lanier-Baston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1905. Lorenz, Lincoln, The Life of Sidney Lanier- New York, CowardMcCann, Inc., 1935. Phelps, William Lyon, Sidney Lanier- Washington, D. C., 1937. Mayfield, JohnS., Sidney Lanier in Texas- With an introductory note by the late George Edward Woodberry. Dallas (Tex.) The Boyd Press, 1932. Reprinted in part from the Southwest Review. Clark, Thomas Arkle, Sidney Lanier- Biography and selections from his writings, written especially for school reading. Taylorville, Ill., 1914. Clark, George Herbert, Some Reminiscences and Early Letters of Sidney Lanier-With an introduction by Harry Stillwell Edwards. Published under the auspices of the Sidney Lanier Chapter of the 96 United Daughters of the Confederacy. Macon, Ga., The J . W. Burke Company, 1907. Dixon, Amzi Clarence, Sidney Lanier, the Johns Hopkins PoetAn appreciation, by A. C. Dixon. Baltimore, 1925. Lamar, E. Dorothy (Blount), "Mrs. Walter Douglas Lamar," Sidney Lanier, Musician, Poet, Soldier-Macon, Ga., 1922. Corner, William, compiler and editor, San Antonio de Bexar- A guide and history, compiled and edited by William Corner. Illustrated. San Antonio, Texas, Bainbridge & Corner, 1890. San Antonio de Bexar, by Sidney Lanier: p. (68)- 94. Baskerville, William Malone, Sidney Lanier: Nashville, Tenn. (c1896). (His: Southern writers, Biographical and critical studies, nos. 4, 5 and 6.) Flournoy, Mrs. Mary H., Twin patriots: Washington & Lee: Baltimore, 1929. Contents:-Bacon's rebellion (etc., etc.) Sidney Lanier. Gates, Merrill Edwards, Sidney Lanier: A paper. (New York, 1887) "From the Presbyterian review for October, 1887." Smith, Charles Forster, Sidney Lanier as poet: (n. p., 1902) "Reprint from the Methodist review, March-April, 1902." Snyder, Henry Nelson, Sidney Lanier: New York, Eaton & Mains; Cincinnati, Jennings & Graham, (c1906) (Modern poets and Christian teaching). Spencer, Thomas Edwin, Sidney Lanier; a study i"n personality an appreciation: Saint Louis, Mo., 1930. Starke, Aubrey Harrison, Sidney Lanier, a biographical and critical study: Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 1933. United Daughters of the Confederacy; Alabama Division. Sidney Lanier, poet, musician, soldier. (n.p., n.d.) Foreword signed: Mrs. C. W. Daugette, historian, Alabama Division, U. D. C. Wayland, John Walter, Sidney Lanier at Rockingham Springs: \\There and how the "Science of English verse" was written a new chapter in American letters. Dayton, Va., Ruebush-Elkins Co.,1912. West, Charles Nephew, A brief sketch of the life and writings of Sidney Lanier: An address delivered before the Georgia Historical Society, at Savannah, on the 5th of December, 1887. Printed for the Society. Savannah, Ga., Townsend, printer and binder, 1888. Westfeldt, Gustaf R., Fifteen miJJ,utes with Sidney Lanier: A paper read February 10, 1903, on the occasion of unveiling a bust of the poet at Tulane University, New Orleans. (New Orleans, Meade and Sampsell, print 1915) Bibliography: p. (15). 97 Turnbull, Frances Hubbard (Litchfield) "Mrs. Lawrence Turnbull," The Catholic man, a study: Boston, D. Lothrop Company (c1890) . ''The chief character is a study of Sidney Lanier, the poet.''Who'sWhoinAmerica, 1906-1907,p. 1814. Birss, John Howa rd, A humorous quatrain by Lanier: American Literature 5:270, November, 1933. (Blanc, Mme. Marie Therese (de Solms)), Un musicien poete, Sidney Lanier: (In : Revue des deux mondes, Paris, 1898. Tome 145: (307) 341). Cady,FrankW.,SidneyLanier: So.Atl.q.13:156-73. April,1914. Dunlap, Knight, The problem of adjusting human beings to their social environments: The Johns Hopkins alumni magazine 21: 232. March, 1933. Fagin, N. Bryllion, Sidney Lanier: Poet of the South: The Johns Hopkins Alumni Magazine, 20: 232-41. March, 1932. French, John Calvin, First drafts of Lanier's verse: Modern language notes, 48:27-31. January, 1933. Garland, Hamlin, Roadside meetings of a literary nomad: Meetings with "Sidney Lanier." The Bookman 70: 403-6. December, 1929. Gilman, Daniel Coit, Personal recollections of Sidney Lanier: Our continent 1:130. Apri l12, 1882. Gilman, Daniel Coit, Sidney Lanier: reminiscences and letters: South Atlantic Quarterly, 4 : 115-22. April, 1905 . Goodnow, Frank J ., Lanier and the University: (An address delivered at the "Sidney Lanier Commemoration" held in the concert hall of the Peabody Institute on the evening of February 4, 1926. The Johns Hopkins Alumni Magazine 14:482-84. June, 1926. Greenlaw, Edwin Almiron, A Sidney Lanier professorship at Johns Hopkins: (Baltimore, 1929) "Reprinted from the Johns Hopkins Alumni Magazine . .Vol. 17, no. 2, January, 1929." Hucke!, Oliver, The genius of the modern in Lanier: (An address). The Johns Hopkjns Alumni Magazine, 14 :484-503, June, 1926. Jackson, Lena E., Sidney Lanier in Florida: In: The Florida Historical Society Quarterly. Tallahassee, Florida, 1936. Vol. 15, no . 2, p. (118-124). Kuhl, Ernest Peter, Sidney Lanier and Edward Spencer: (Chapel Hill, 1930.) "Reprinted from Studies in Philology, Vol. 27, no. 3, July, 1930." 98 Malone, Kemp, Sidney Lanier: (Baltimore, 1933.) "Reprinted from the Johns Hopkins Alumni Magazine, vol. 21, no. 3, March, 1933." Matthews, Brander, Sidney Lanier on the English novel: (In: The Century, illustrated monthly magazine. New York (etc.) 1884. Vol. 27, p. 957-958.) Melton, Wightman F., Poems of Trees: Sidney Lanier Memorial, Vols.l., II., III., IV., V., VI., 1932-1937. Rede, Kenneth, Lanier's "Owl against Robin": American collector 3:27-30,0ctober, 1926. Reese, Lizette Woodworth, The spirituality of Lanier: (An address). The Johns Hopkins Alumni Magazine 14: 482-84, June, 1926. Snoddy, James S., Color and motion in Sidney Lanier: Poet-lore o. s. 12:558-70. October-December, 1900. Snoddy, James S., Sidney Lanier: the poet of "Sunrise": Poet-lore o. s. 15: 89-94. Winter no., 1934. Starke, Aubrey Harrison, Sidney Lanier and Paul Hamilton Hayne: Three unpublished letters. American Literature 1:32-9, March, 1929. Starke, Aubrey Harrison, Sidney Lanier as a musician: The Musical Quarterly 20: 384-400, October, 1934. Starke, Aubrey Harrison, An uncollected sonnet by Sidney Lanier: American Literature 7:460-63. January, 1936. Starke, Aubrey Harrison, William Dean Howells and Sidney Lanier: American Literature 3: 79-82. March, 1931. Starke, Aubrey Harrison, Sidney Lanier: man of science in the field of letters: The American Scholar 2:389-97. October, 1933. Thorpe, Harry Colin, Sidney Lanier, a poet for musicians: Musical Quarterly 11:373-82. July, 1925. United Daughters of the Confederacy: A brief addressed to the electors of the Hall of Fame, New York University, N.Y., in behalf of Sidney Lanier, poet and musician, by the United Daughters of the Confederacy of thirty-eight states; edited by Mrs. Walter D. Lamar. Macon, Ga., 1935. Ward, William Hayes, Sidney Lanier, poet: (In: The Century, illustrated monthly magazine. New York (etc.) 1884. Vol. 27, p. (816)-821.port.) . White, Edward Lucas, Reminiscences of Sidney Lanier: The Johns Hopkins Alumni Magazine 17 : 329-31. June, 1929. 99 Wills, George Stockton, Sidney Lanier-his life and writings: (In: Southern History Association. Publications, Washington, D. C., 1899. Vol. 3, p. (190)-211). Bibliography: p. 194-211. Woolf, Winfield P., The poetry of Sidney Lanier: Sewanee Review 10:325-340. July, 1902. Lanier, James Franklin Doughty, Sketch of the life of J. F. D. Lanier: (Printed for the use of his family only.) 2d edition. (New York,1877). Appendix: Letter from Sidney Lanier containing a short genealogy ofthe Lanierfamily: p. 75-87. Beeson, Mrs. Leola (Selman), Sidney Lanier at Oglethorpe University: Introduction by Mrs. John W. Daniel. Macon, Ga., The J. W. Burke Company , 1936. Carroll, Charles Chauncey, The synthesis and an analysis of the poetry of Sidney Lanier: (Owensboro, Ky., Messenger Job Printing Co., c1910.) Johns Hopkins University, Sidney Lanier: (Baltimore, 1881.) "(Proceedings of) a meeting of the trustees, faculty, and other members of the Johns Hopkins University. . .held in Hopkins Hall on October 22, 1881. . . " Johns Hopkins University, The forty-sixth birthday of Sidney Lanier: 1842-February 3-1888. Baltimore, 1888. Bibliography by Richard E. Burton: p. (53)-56. Woolf, Winfield P., Sidney Lanier as revealed in his letters: ~cw2ne Review8:346-64. July, 1900. SPECIAL ARTICLES ON LANIER POEMS A Song of Love: (In: The ~entury, illustrated monthly magazine. NewYork(etc.),1884. Vol.27:559.) Psalm of the West: (In: Lippincott's Magazine of Popular Literature and Science. Philadelphia, 1876. Vol. 18:39-53. An Ode to the Johns Hopkins University: (With: Gilman, D.C. The Johns Hopkins University. From J. H. Y. Circular, April, 1880.) My Springs: (In: The Century, illustrated monthly magazine. New York (etc.), 1882. Vol. 24: 838-839.) How Love Looked for Hell: (In: The Century, illustrated monthly magazine. New York (etc.), 1884. Vol. 27: (733)-734.) 100 WASHINGTON MEMORIAL LIBRARY MACON, GEORGIA Sidney Lanier, 1842-1881 BooKs BY LANIER Bob: the story of our mocking-bird: Illustrated in color. Scribner, 1889. Boy's Froissart: Edited for boys with an introduction. Scribner, 1879. The Lanier Book: Selections in prose and verse from the writings of Sidney Lanier. Scribner, 1904. The English Novel: And the principle of its development. Scribner, 1883. Florida; its scenery, climate, and history: With an account of Charleston, Savannah, Augusta, and Aiken; a chapter for consumptives; various papers on fruit culture; and a complete hand-book and guide; with numerous illustrations. Lippincott, 1876. The Homestead: Page taken from the Southern Farm and Home, dated August 1871. Not included in the collection of Lanier's poems. Letters of Sidn,ey Lanier: 1842-1881-Selections from his correspondence, 1866-1881. Scribner, 1899. Poem Outlines: 1842-1881-By Sidney Lanier. Scribner, 1908. Poems: Edited by his wife, with a memorial by William Hayes Ward. Scribner, 1923. Retrospects and Prospects: 1842-1881- Descriptive and historical essays, by Sidney Lanier. Scribner, 1899. Science of English Verse: Scribner, 1908. Selections from Sidney Lanier: Prose and verse with an introduction and notes by Henry W. Lanier. Scribner, 1916. Tiger-lilies: Hurd, 1867. ABOUT LANIER Sidney Lanier: Clippings from the Asheville, N.C., Citizen, August 16, 1926. Bernd, Aaron Blum; Sidney Lanier: By Coleman Hill, pseud. (Bound with Bickers, D. G., Sidney Lanier, poems. Clippings from the Macon Telegraph, February 3, 1926.) Berryman, Mrs. Annie Lowry, Sidney Lanier's Anniversary: (Clippings from the Macon Telegraph.) 101 Boifeuillet, John T ., Sidney Lanier for Hall of Fame: (Clippings from The Atlanta Journal.) Browne, William Hand, Sidney Lanier: A biographical sketch read before the Trustees, Faculty, and other members of Johns Hopkins University on October 22, 1881. Johns Hopkins University, 1881. Bound with Starke, Aubrey Harrison, Sidney Lanier and Paul Hamilton Hayne: Three unpublished letters reprinted from American Literature, March, 1929. Clarke, George Herbert, Some reminiscences and early letters of Sidney Lanier: By George Herbert Clarke, with an introduction by Harry Stillwell Edwards. Published under the auspices of the Sidney Lanier Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Macon, Georgia, The J . W. Burke Co., 1907. Ellis, Theodore W., Captain Sidney Lanier: A Christmas idyll for boys. (Clippings). Clarke, Thomas Arkle, Sidney Lanier: Biography and selections from his writings; written especially for school reading. Parker, n. d. il. A Festival program to honor Sidney Lanier: (1842-1881) - 0n the afternoon of Sunday, August 15 , 1926, at four o'.clock in Calvary Episcopal Church, Fletcher, N.C. Horder, William Garrett, Sidney Lanier and his poetry: The Quarto, 1896. The Johns Hopkins University, Sidney Lanier Commemoration: Sidney Lanier, February 3, 1842-September 7, 1881. Lecturer in English Literature, 1879-1881. February 4,' 1926, exercises held in the fiftieth academic year, to commemorate the poet and his association with the University. In the coricert hall of the Peabody Institute at 8 P.M. Karsten, E . Pickard, Sketches of Sidney Lanier: (Clippings from Macon News, 1926.) Lamar, Eugenia Dorothy Blount, (Mrs. Walter D.), Sidne')' Lanier: Musician, poet, soldier: Burke Co., 1922. Lamar, Eugenia Dorothy Blount, editor (Mrs. Walter D. Lamar). A brief address to the Electors of the Hall of Fame-in behalf of Sidney Lanier, Poet and Musician, by the U. D. C. of thirty-eight states. Macon, Ga., 1935. Beeson, Leola ~elman, Sidney Lanier at Oglethorpe University: J. W. Burke Co., Macon, Georgia, 1936. 102 Lorenz, Lincoln, The life of Sidney Lanier: Coward-McCann, 1935. Macy, John, Spirit of American Literature: Boni, c1913, p.309-323. Mayfield, JohnS., Sidney Lanier in Texas: Boyd, c1932. Mims, Edwin, 1872, Sidney Lanier: Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1905. Painter, Franklin Verzelius Newton, Poets of the South: A series of biographical and critical studies with typical poems, annotated. American Book Co., 1903. Pickett, LaSalle Corbell, "Mrs. G. E. Pickett," 1848, Literary hearthstones of Dixie: By LaSalle Corbell Pickett. Philadelphia and London, Lippincott, 1912 . Reese, Lizette Woodworth, The spirituality of Sidney Lanier. Scott, W. J., Lectures and essays: Constitution Pub. Co., 1889, p . 7-30. Short, J. Saulsbury, Sidney Lanier at Johns Hopkins : In Johns Hopkins Alumni Magazine, November, 1916. The association, 1916, p. 7-24. Starke, Aubrey Harrison, William Dean Howells and Sidney Lanier: Lanier. (Reprinted from American Literature, Vol. III. , no. 1, March 1931.) Starke, Aubrey Harrison, Sidney Lanier; a biographical and critical study: Univ. of N.C. Press, c1933. Starke, Aubrey, Sidney Lanier- Walt Whitman: In The American Scholar, October, 1933 . Ward, William Hayes in Poems of Sidney Lanier: Scribner, 1923. West, Charles N., Brief sketch of the life and writings of Sidney Lanier: Georgia Historical Society, 1888. Wills, GeorgeS., Sidney Lanier: In the publication of The Southern History Association, July, 1899. The Association, 1899, p. 190-211. EMORY UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BooKs BY LANIER (Only first editions of separate publications are listed.) Bob: the story of our mocking-bird: With 16 illustrations in color. C. Scribner's Sons, 1899. 103 A commencement address: (Before the Furlow Masonic Female College, delivered June 30, 1869) reprinted from American Literature, January, 1931. The English novel: A study in the development of personality. N.Y., C. Scribner's Sons, 1883. Florida: its scenery, climate, and history: A complete handbook and guide. Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott, 1876. Letters: selected from his correspondence: 1866-1881. N . Y., Chas. Scribner's Sons, 1899. Music and Poetry: Essays upon some aspects and inter-relations of the two arts. N.Y., C. Scribner's Sons, (c1898). Poem outlines: N.Y., C. Scribner's Sons, 1908. Poems: Philadelphia, J. B. Lippincott; 1877. Poems of: Edited by his wife, with a memorial by Wm. Hayes Ward. N. Y., Chas. Scribner's Sons, 1884. Retrospects and prospects: Descriptive and historical essays. N.Y., C. Scribner's Sons, 1899. Science of English verse, The: N. Y., C. Scribner's Sons, 1880. Select poems of: Edited with an introduction, notes, and bibliography by Morgan Callaway, N.Y., C. Scribner's Sons, 1895. Selections from: Prose and verse, with an introduction and notes, edited by Henry W. Lanier, N.Y., C. Scribner's Sons, (c1916). Shakespeare and his forerunners: Studies in Eli;mbethan poetry and its development from early English. N. Y., Doubleday, Page & Co., 1902. Tiger-lilies: A novel, N.Y., Hurd and Houghton, 1867. As EmToR: The boy's Froissart: Edited, with an introduction by Sidney Lanier. N.Y., C. Scribner's Sons, 1879. The boy's King Arthur: Edited, with an introduction by Sidney Lanier. N.Y., C. Scribner's Sons, 1880. The boy's Percy: Edited, with an introduction by Sidney Lanier. N.Y., C. Scribner's Sons, 1882. The boy's Mabinogion: Edited, with an introduction by Sidney Lanier.N. Y., C. Scribner's Sons, 1881. 104 BooKs ABOUT LANIER: Lorenz, Lincoln, The life of Sidney Lanier: N.Y ., Coward-McCann, 1935. Mims, Edwin, Sidney Lanier: Boston, Houghton, 1905. Snyder, Henry Nelson, Sidney Lanier: N. Y., Eaton & Mains; Cincinnati,]ennings & Graham (c1906) . Starke, Aubrey Harrison, Sidney Lanier, a biographica l and critical study: Chapel Hill, The Univ. of N . C. Press, 1933. PAMPHLETS ABOUT LANIER: Clarke, Geo. Herbert, Some reminiscences and early letters of Sidney Lanier: With an introduction by Harry Stillwell Edwards; Macon,]. W. Burke Co., 1907. Wayland, John Walker, Sidney Lanier at Rockingham Springs: Where and how the "Science of English Verse" was written. Dayton, Va., Ruebush , Elkins Co., 1912. SKETCHES OF LANIER IN: Baskervill, Wm. Malone, Southern writers: biographical and critical studies: Nashville, 1898. Bradford, Gamaliel, American portraits: 1875-1900, Boston, Houghton, 1922. Burton, Richard, Literary leaders of America: N. Y., Chautauqua Press, 1903. Macy, John, The spirit of American literature: Garden City, Doubleday, Page, 1913. Macy, John A., editor, American writers on American literature: N.Y., Liveright, (c1931). Pickett, LaSalle Corbell, Literary hearthstones of Dixie: delphia, Lippincott, 1912. Scott, Wm.J.,Lecturesandessays: Atlanta, 1889. Phila- Smith, Chas. Foster, Reminiscences and sketches: Nashville, 1908. Tolman, Albert H., The views about Hamlet and other essays: Boston, Houghton, 1904. PERIODICAL ARTICLES ABOUT LANIER Bradford, Gamaliel, Portrait of Sidney Lanier: North American Review, Vol. 211, 807-17, June, 1920. 105 , Cady, Frank W., Sidney Lanier: South Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 13, p. 156-173, (April, 1914). Clarke, Geo. Herbert, Some early letters and reminiscences of Sidney Lanier: Independent, 61: 1092-98, November 8, 1906. Fagin, Bryllion, Sidney Lanier: poet of the South: Poet Lore, v . 43, p.161-168, (1936). French, John C., First drafts of Lanier's verse : Modern Language Notes, v. 48, p. 27-31, January, 1933. Furst, Clyde, Concerning Sidney Lanier: Modern Language Notes, v.14, p. 197-205, November, 1899. Gilman, D. C., Pleasant incidents of an academic life: Scribner's Magazine, v. 31, p. 614-24, May, 1902. Gilman, D. C., Sidney Lanier: reminiscences and letters: South Atlantic Quarterly, v. 4, p. 115-22, April, 1905. Graham, Phillip, Lanier and science: American Literature, v. 4, p. 288-292, November, 1932. Harman, Henry E., A study of Sidney Lanier's "The Symphony": South Atlantic Quarterly, v.17, p.32-39, January, 1918. Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, Sidney Lanier: Chautauqua, v. 7, p. 416-418, April, 1887. Kaufman, Matthias S., Sidney Lanier, poet laureate of the South: Methodist Review, v. 82, p. 94-107, January, 1900 (Theology Library). Kent, Chas. W ., A Study of Lanier's poems: Modern Language Association of America, Publications, v. 7, p . 33-63, 1892. Kuhl, Ernest Peter, Sidney Lanier and Edward Spencer: Studies in Philology , v . 27, p. 462-476, July, 1930. 1:' Lanier, Clifford, Reminiscences of Sidney Lanier: Chautauqua, v. 21, p. 403-409, July, 1895. Lanier, Sidney, In a poet's workshop: poem outlines: Century Magazine, v. 76, p. 847-850, October, 1908. Poet's musical impressions: From the letters of Sidney Lanier, Scribner's Magazine, v. 25, p. 622-633, May 1899; v. 25, p. 745-752, June, 1899. Scott, W. J ., Life and genius of Sidney Lanier: Methodist Review, Louisville, n. s.; p. 157-71, October, 1888. Starke, Aubrey, The Agrarians deny a leader: American Review, v. 2, p. 534-53, March, 1934. 106 Starke, Aubrey Harrison, Sidney Lanier and Paul Hamilton Hayne: American Literature, v.l., p.32-39, March, 1929. Starke, Aubrey Harrison, Lanier's appreciation of Whitman: American Scholar, v. 2, p. 398-408, October, 1933. Starke, Aubrey H., Sidney Lanier as a musician: Musical Quarterly, v. 20, p. 384-400, October, 1934. Starke, Aubrey Harrison, Sidney Lanier: man of science in the field of letters: American Scholar, v. 2, p. 389-397, October, 1933. Starke, Aubrey Harrison, An uncollected sonnet by Sidney Lanier: American Literature, v. 7, p. 460-463, January, 1936. Starke, Aubrey Harrison, Wm. Dean Howells and Sidney Lanier: American Literature, v. 3, p . 79-82, March, 1931. Shepherd, Henry E., Sidney Lanier: Current Literature, v . 32, p. 108-10, January, 1902. Thorpe, Harry Colin, Sidney Lanier: a poet for musicians: Musical Quarterly, v.ll, p. 373-382, July, 1925. Varnedoe, J. C., Sidney Lanier: an appreciation : Georgia Historical Quarterly, v. 2, p. 139-144, September, 1918. Warren, Robert Penn, The blind poet: Sidney Lanier: American Review, v. 2, p. 27-45, November, 1933. Woolf, W. P., Sidney Lanier as revealed in his letters: Sewanee Review, v. 8, p. 346-364, July, 1900. MERCER UNIVERSITY LIBRARY WORKS BY LANIER: The English novel: N.Y., Scribner, 1897. Letters of Sidney Lanier: Selections f.rom his correspondence, 18661881. N.Y., Charles Scribner, 1911. Music and poetry: Essays. New York, Charles Scribner, 1898. Poems of Sidney Lanier: Edited by his wife. New York, Scribner, 1926. Poems of Sidney Lanier: Edited by his wife. New York, Scribner, 1929. Selections from Sidney Lanier: Prose and verse. Edited by Henry W.Lanier. N. Y.,Scribner, 1916. Science of English verse: N. Y., Scribner, 1880. 107 WORKS ABOUT LANIER: Clarke, George W., Some reminiscences and early letters of Lanier: Macon, J. W. Burke Co., 1907. (2 copies). Mims, Edwin, Sidney Lanier: Boston, Houghton, Mifflin Co., 1905. (2 copies). Snyder, Henry Nelson, Modern poets and christian teaching-Sidney Lanier: N.Y., Eaton and Mains, 1906. WoRKs CoNcERNING LANIER: Burton, Richard, Sidney Lanier: (In Warner's Library of World's Best Literature, v. 15, pp . 8891. N.Y., E. S. Peale and J. A. Hill, , 1897). Cairns, William B., History of American literature: New York, Oxford University Press, 1930. Calverton, V. F., Liberation of American literature: New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1932. Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, Contemporaries: Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin Co., 1899. Kreymborg, Alfred, History of American poetry- our singing strength: New York, Tudor, 1934. Manly, Louise, Southern literature from 1579-1895: Richmond, Johnson Pub. Co., 1895 . Miles, Dudley, The new south-Lanier: (In Cambridge History of American Literature, v. 2, pp... , New York, Putnams, 1918.) Mims, Edwin and Payne, Bruce R., Southern prose and poetry for schools: New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1910. Pattee, Fred Lewis, History of American literature since 1870: New York, Century, 1915. Simons, Sarah E., American literature through illustrative readings: New York, CharlesScribner'sSons, 1915. Snyder, Henry Nelson, Lanier, Sidney: (In Library of Southern Literature, v. 7, pp. 3041-3077. Atlanta, Ga., Martin and Hoyt v Co., 1909.) Stedman, Edmund Clarence and Hutchinson, Ellen McKay, Library of American literature: V. 10, pp. 145. New York, William E. Benjamin, 1889. Trent, William P., Brief history of American literature: New York, Appleton, 1909. 108 Trent, William P. and Erskine, John, Great American writers: New York, Henry Holt, 1912. Wendell, Barrett, Literary history of America: New York, Charles Scribner, 1901. Wendell, Barrett and Grennough, Chester N., History of literary America: New York, Charles Scribner, 1907 . Young, Stark, editor, Southern treasury of life and literature: New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1937. Mayfield, JohnS., Sidney Lanier in Texas: Dallas, The Boyd Press, 1932. (2p.)paper. PERIODICALS: Clarke, G. H., Early letters and reminiscences: (Independent 61:1092-8, N 8'06). Foerster, N., Lanier as a poet of nature: (Nation 108 :981-3, J e 21'19). Garland, Hamlin, Roadside meetings of a literary nomad: (Bookman 70:403-6, D'29) . In a poet's work shop: (Century 76:847-50 0'08). Lamar, E. D . B., Nominating Sidney Lanier for the Hall of Fame: Saturday Review of Literature 12:9, Ag31'35). Lanier, H . W., Correspondence between Lanier and Bayard Taylor: (Atlantic83:791; 84:127). A poet's musical impressions, from his letters: (Scribner 25 :662-745). Tate, Allen, Southern romantic: (New Republic 76:67-70, Ag30'33). Texas trail in the '70's: (Outlook 105:582-5, N 15'13) . Starke, H., Southern romantic- a reply: (New Republic 76:337-8, N 1'33) . Voight, G. P., Sidney Lanier: (Saturday Review of Literature 13:9, Ap 4'36). WESLEYAN COLLEGE CANDLER M EMORIAL LIBRARY BooKs BY LANIER Boys' Froissart: Scribner, 1878. Boys' King Arthur: Scribner, 1880. Boys' Percy: Scribner, 1882. 109 Boys' Mabinogion: Scribner, 1881. The English novel: Scribner, 1883. Florida: Lippincott, 1876. Tiger Lilies: Houghton, 1867. The science of English verse: Scribner, 1880. Poems: Edited by his wife. Scribner, 1884. Poems: Lippincott, 1877. Select poems: Edited by Morgan Callaway. Scribner, c1895. BooKs ABOUT LANIER Beeson, Leola Selman, Sidney Lanier at Oglethorpe University: Burke, 1936. Brenner, Rica, Twelve American poets since 1900: Harcourt, c1933~ Clarke, George Herbert, Some reminiscences and early letters of Sidney Lanier. Lanier, Clifford, Sonnets to Sidney Lanier: Huebsch, 1915. Lorenz, Lincoln, Life of Sidney Lanier: Coward~McCann, 1935. Mims, Edwin, Sidney Lanier: Houghton, 1905 . Painter, F. V. N., Poets of the South: American Book Co., 1903. Scherer, J. A. B., The Holy Grail: Lippincott, 1906. Snyder, Henry N., Sidney Lanier: Eaton & Mains, 1906. Starke, Aubrey H., Sidney Lanier: University of North Carolina. 1933. Wayland, J. W., Sidney Lanier at Rockingham Springs: Ruebush- Elkins, 1912. West, C. N ., Brief sketch of the .life and writings of Sidney Lanier: Townsend, 1886. Parks, Edd Winfield, Southern poets, representative selections: American Book Company, c1936. OGLETHORPE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BooKs BY LANIER Florida; its scenery, climate and history: Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1876. 110 The Lanier Book: Selections edited by Mary E. Burt. N. Y., Scribner, 1904. Poems: Philadelphia, Lippincott, 1877. Poems of Sidney Lanier: Edited by his wife with a memorial by W. H. Ward. N .Y., Scribner, 1915 . The science of English verse: N.Y., Scribner, 1880. BOOKS ABOUT LANIER Beeson, L. S., Sidney Lanier at Oglethorpe University: Macon, Ga., Burke, 1~36. Lorenz, L., The life of Sidney Lanier: N. Y., Coward, 1935. McCaskill, A. S., The Philosophy of Sidney Lanier as Shown in His Poetry: Thesis forM. A. Degree. Oglethorpe University, 1936. Starke, A. H., Sidney Lanier: University of _North Carolina Press, 1933. Wayland, J. W., Sidney Lanier at Rockingham Springs: Dayton, Va., Ruebush-Elkins, 1912. PERIODICAL ARTICLES Portrait of Sidney Lanier: G. Bradford, North American Review 2: 805-17, June, 1920. Lanier As a Poet of Nature: N. Foerster, Nation 108: 981 -83, June 21, 1919. Agrarian's Deny a Leader: A. Starke, American R eview 2:534-53, March, 1934. Hearts and Heads: Reply to Starke, J. C. Ransom. American Review 2:554-71, March, l934. Blind Poet: R. P. Warren, American Review 2-27-45, November, 1933. Southern Romantic: N ew Republic 76:67-70, August 30, 1933. Nominating Sidney Lanier for the Hall of Fame : E. D. B. Lamar, Saturday Review of Literature 12:9, August, 1935 . Sidney Lanier: G. P. Voight, Saturday R eview of Literature 13:9, April 4, 1936. 111 GEORGIA SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY LIBRARY BooKs BY LANIER Poems: Edited by his wife, with a memorial by William H. Ward. N. Y.,Scribner, 1900. The Lanier Book: Selections in prose and verse, edited by MaryS. Burt. N.Y., Scribner, 1904. Science of English verse: N. Y., Scribner, 1898. Select poems: Edited with an introduction, notes and bibliography by Morgan Callaway. N. Y., Scribner, c1895. Selections from Sidney Lanier: Prose and verse with an introduction and notes edited by Henry W. Lanier. N. Y., Scribner, 1916. Shakespeare and his forerunners: Studies in Elizabethan poetry and its development from the early English. N.Y., Doubleday, 1908. Malory, Sir Thomas, The Boy's King Arthur: Edited with an introduction by Sidney Lanier. N . Y., Scribner, 1903. BooKs ABOUT LANIER Johns Hopkins University, Forty-sixth birthday of Sidney Lanier: 1842-February 3, 1888. Baltimore, 1888. Mimms, Edwin, Sidney Lanier: Boston, Houghton, 1905. AGNES SCOTT COLLEGE LIBRARY BooKs BY LANIER The English novel: A study in the development of personality. Rev. ed. New York, C. Scribner, 1897. Letters of Sidney Lanier: Selections from his correspondence, 1866-1881. New York, C. Scribner, 1899. Poems of Sidney Lanier: Edited by his wife; with a memorial by William Hayes Ward. New edition, New York, C. Scribner, 1906. The Science of English Verse: New York, C. Scribner, 1911. BooKs ABOUT LANIER Lorenz, Lincoln, The life of Sidney Lanier: New York, CowardMe Cain, 1935. Mims, Edwin, Sidney Lanier: Boston and New York, Houghton, Mifflin, 1905. 112 Starke, Aubrey Harrison, Sidney Lanier, a biographical and critical study: Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 1933. PARTS OF BOOKS ABOUT LANIER I Baskervill, William Malone, Southern writers: biographical and critical studies: Volume 1, Nashville, Tenn., Publishing House of M. E. Church, South, 1897. P. 137-298. Fagin, Nathan Bryllion, Sidney Lanier: Poet of the South: (In the Johns Hopkins Alumni Magazine. V. 20, no. 3, Baltimore, Md., 1932, p. 232-241). Macy, John Albert, ed., American writers on American literature: By thirtyoseven contemporary writers, edited by John Macy. New York, H. Liveright, c1931 , p. 327-341. Painter, Franklin Verzelius Newton, Poets of the South: A series of biographical and critical studies with typical poems. New York, etc., American Book Co., c1903, p. 81-101. CARNEGIE LIBRARY OF ATLANTA BooKs BY LANIER Bob: the story of our mocking-bird. 1899. The English novel and its development. 1883. Florida. 1876. The Lanier book. 1904. Letters, selections. 1899. Music and poetry. 1898. Poem outlines, by Sidney Lanier. 1908. Poems: Edited by his wife. 1900. Retrospects and prospects. 1899. Science of English 21erse. 1880. Selections, prose and verse. (c1916). Shakespeare and his forerunner s. 1908. Tiger Lilies. 1867. Sidney Lanier. 113 BooKs ABOUT LANIER Beeson, Mrs. Leola (Selman), Sidney Lanier at Oglethorpe University. 1936. Bradford, Gamaliel, American portraits, 1875-1900. 1922. Clarke, George Herbert, Some reminiscences ,and early letters of SidneyLanier. 1907. Sidney Lanier, Letters. 1899. Lorenz, Lincoln, The Life of Sidney Lanier. 1935. Mayfield, J. S., Sidney Lanier in Texas. 1932. Mims, Edwin, Sidney Lanier. 1905. Starke, Aubrey Harrison, Sidney Lanier, a biographical and critical study. 1933. Strong, A. H., American poets and their theology. (c.1916). Wayland, John W alter, Sidney Lanier at Rock.ingham Springs. 1912. Williams,S. T.,Lanier . (c.1931). Woolf, W. P., Sidney Lanier as revealed in his letters. n. d. Brenner, Rica. Twelve American poets before 1900. (c.1933). GEORGIA STATE LIBRARY BooKs BY LANIER Bob: the story of our mocking bird: Scribner, N . Y., 1899. Boy's Froissart: Scribner, N.Y., 1897. The Boy's King Arthur: Scribner, N.Y., 1898. The Boy's Percy: Scribner, N.Y., 1898. The English Novel: A study in the development of personality, Scribner, N.Y., 1907. Florida: its scenery, climate and history: Lippincott, N. Y., 1875. Knightly Legends: Scribner, N. Y., 1897. Letters, 1866-1881: Scribner, N. Y., 1899. Music and Poetry: Essays upon some aspects and inter-relations of the two arts, Scribner, N.Y., 1898. Poems: Lippincott, Phi ladelphia, 1898. Retrospects and Prospects: Scribner, N. Y., 1899. Selected Poems : Edited by Morgan Callaway, Scribner. N. Y., 1898. 114 The Science of English Verse: Scribner, N. Y., 1898. Tiger Lilies: Hurd and Houghton, N.Y., 1867. BooKs ABOUT LANIER Sidney Lanier at Oglethorpe: Leola Beeson, Burke, Macon, Ga., 1936. Some Reminiscences and Early Letters of Sidney Lanier: George Herbert Clarke, Burke, Macon, Ga., 1907. The Life of Sidney Lanier: Lincoln Lorenz, Coward-McCann, N.Y., 1935. Sidney Lanier: Edwin Mims, Houghton, Mifflin Company, Boston, 1905. Sidney Lanier: W. J. Scott, Constitution Pub. Co., Atlanta, 1889. Sidney Lanier: Aubrey Harrison Starke, Univ. of N.C. Press, 1933. A Brief Sketch of Life and Writings of Sidney Lanier: C. N. West, Townsend, Savannah, Ga., 1888. LANIER PUBLICATIONS (Charles Scribner's Sons) LANIER, SIDNEY Poems: Edited by his wife, with a Memorial by William Hayes Ward. With portrait. (Scribner Series of Modern Poets.) The Science of English verse. The Lanier Book: Selections for School Reading. Edited and arranged by Mary E. Burt, in cooperation with Mrs. Lanier. Illustrated (Scribner Series of School Reading.) The Boy's King Arthur: Illustrated by N. C. Wyeth. The Same. School Edition. The Boy's Froissart: Illustrated by Alfred Kappes. The Boy's King Arthur: Illustrated by Alfred Kappes. Knightly Legends of Wales; or, The Boy's Mabinogion: Illustrated. By Alfred Fredericks. The Boy's Percy: Illustrated. By E. B. Bensell. Selections from Sidney Lanier: Verse and Prose. Edited with an Introduction and Notes by Henry W. Lanier. (Scribner English Texts). Lanier, Henry W., The Book of Bravery. Illustrated. 115 CHRONOLOGY OF SIDNEY LANIER Born, February 3, 1842, Macon, Georgia. Christened, March 12, 1844, Griffin, Georgia. Attended public schools, 1848-1856, Macon, Georgia. Entered Oglethorpe College, 1856. Enlisted in Confederate Army, April, 1861. Prisoner in Point Lookout, five months of 1864. Released from Point Lookout, February, 1865. Two months of summer, 1865, at Point Clear on Mobile Bay. December, 1865, to January, 1868, hotel clerk and pipe-organist, Montgomery, Alabama. September, 1867, to January, 1868, principal, Prattville (Alabama) Academy. Married to Mary Day, December, 1867, in Macon, Georgia. January, 1868, to December, 1872, worked in his father's law office, Macon, Georgia. December, 1872, to April, 1873, in San Antonio, Texas. December, 1873, went to Baltimore, Maryland . Two months of summer, 1874, in Sunnyside, Spalding County, Georgia. Summer, 1876, family joined him at West Chester, Pennsylvania. Winter, 1876, in Florida. Summer, 1877, at Chad's Ford, Pennsylvania. October, 1877, family moved to Baltimore, Maryland. Appointed Lecturer in Johns H,opkins University, F, jruary 3, 1879. Summer, 1879, in Rockingham County. Virginia. Summer, 1880, in West Chester, Pennsylvania. Winter, 1880, at home in Baltimore. Summer, 1881, at Lynn, Polk County, North Carolina, where the end came, September 7th. Buried in Greenmount Cemetery, Baltimore. .,- . 116 CURRICULU LABORATORY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA J ' '. ' 'I'