Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 1 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Physician Specialty Allergy & Immunology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.3 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 3 /100k 0.6 Physician Need 7 8 7 4 9 6 6 Status Deficit: -4 Deficit: -5 Deficit: -4 Deficit: -1 Deficit: -6 Deficit: -3 Deficit: -3 7 Deficit: -4 9 Deficit: -6 7 Deficit: -4 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 8 9 8 5 10 7 6 7 10 7 Physician Specialty Anesthesiology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 14.0 9.7 9.1 8.9 5.9 3.9 9.0 7.0 7.6 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 26 /100k 5.0 Physician Need 73 50 47 46 31 20 47 Status Deficit: -47 Deficit: -24 Deficit: -21 Deficit: -20 Deficit: -5 Surplus: 6 Deficit: -21 36 Deficit: -10 39 Deficit: -13 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 81 56 52 51 34 22 52 40 44 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 2 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Physician Specialty Cardiovascular Diseases National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 7.5 5.4 5.0 3.1 3.0 1.8 2.9 3.6 2.6 4.2 3.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 19 /100k 3.7 Physician Need 39 28 26 16 16 9 15 Status Deficit: -20 Deficit: -9 Deficit: -7 Surplus: 3 Surplus: 3 Surplus: 10 Surplus: 4 19 Adequate 0 13 Surplus: 6 22 Deficit: -3 18 Surplus: 1 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 43 31 29 18 17 10 17 21 15 24 20 Physician Specialty Dermatology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 3.1 2.4 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 15 /100k 2.9 Physician Need 19 15 13 15 13 12 13 8 7 11 16 12 Status Deficit: -4 Adequate 0 Surplus: 2 Adequate 0 Surplus: 2 Surplus: 3 Surplus: 2 Surplus: 7 Surplus: 8 Surplus: 4 Deficit: -1 Surplus: 3 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 21 16 15 16 14 14 15 9 8 12 18 14 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 3 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Physician Specialty Emergency Medicine National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 10.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 6.7 5.3 2.7 12.4 6.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 57 /100k 11.0 Physician Need 54 29 27 28 35 27 Status Surplus: 3 Surplus: 28 Surplus: 30 Surplus: 29 Surplus: 22 Surplus: 30 14 Surplus: 43 64 Deficit: -7 32 Surplus: 25 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 60 32 30 31 39 31 16 71 36 Physician Specialty Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism National Physician Standards* Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. AMA 1.8 Two Mature HMO 1.1 Adjusted FTE 1.0 GMENAC 0.8 Kaiser Portland 0.9 7 Kaiser Plans 1.1 GHC Seattle Three HMOs 0.6 Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement 0.9 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 1 /100k 0.2 Physician Need 9 6 5 4 5 6 Status Deficit: -8 Deficit: -5 Deficit: -4 Deficit: -3 Deficit: -4 Deficit: -5 3 Deficit: -2 5 Deficit: -4 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 10 6 6 5 5 6 3 5 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 4 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Physician Specialty Family Practice National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 31.5 45.6 42.6 25.2 16.7 11.0 9.2 16.2 22.5 23.6 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 121 /100k 23.3 Physician Need 163 236 221 131 87 57 Status Deficit: -42 Deficit: -115 Deficit: -100 Deficit: -10 Surplus: 34 Surplus: 64 48 Surplus: 73 84 Surplus: 37 117 Surplus: 4 122 Deficit: -1 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 181 262 245 145 96 63 53 93 130 136 Physician Specialty Gastroenterology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 4.2 3.1 3.2 1.7 1.7 1.3 3.5 2.4 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 7 /100k 1.3 Physician Need 22 16 Status Deficit: -15 Deficit: -9 17 Deficit: -10 9 Deficit: -2 9 Deficit: -2 7 Adequate 0 18 Deficit: -11 12 Deficit: -5 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 24 18 18 10 10 7 20 14 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 5 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Physician Specialty Internal Medicine National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 53.1 21.4 20.0 28.8 28.1 30.3 16.7 11.3 19.0 22.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 112 /100k 21.6 Physician Need 275 111 104 149 146 157 Status Deficit: -163 Surplus: 1 Surplus: 8 Deficit: -37 Deficit: -34 Deficit: -45 87 Surplus: 25 59 Surplus: 53 99 Surplus: 13 114 Deficit: -2 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 306 123 115 166 162 174 96 65 109 127 Physician Specialty Nephrology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 2.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 9 /100k 1.7 Physician Need 13 7 7 6 4 4 5 Status Deficit: -4 Surplus: 2 Surplus: 2 Surplus: 3 Surplus: 5 Surplus: 5 Surplus: 4 4 Surplus: 5 5 Surplus: 4 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 15 8 7 6 5 4 5 4 6 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 6 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Physician Specialty Neurological Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.4 0.4 0.7 1.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 7 /100k 1.3 Physician Need 10 6 5 6 7 Status Deficit: -3 Surplus: 1 Surplus: 2 Surplus: 1 Adequate 0 2 Surplus: 5 4 Surplus: 3 5 Surplus: 2 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 11 6 6 6 8 2 4 6 Physician Specialty Neurology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 5.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 1.3 1.7 1.2 2.1 1.4 1.8 1.9 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 12 /100k 2.3 Physician Need 26 12 12 17 7 9 6 Status Deficit: -14 Adequate 0 Adequate 0 Deficit: -5 Surplus: 5 Surplus: 3 Surplus: 6 11 Surplus: 1 7 Surplus: 5 9 Surplus: 3 10 Surplus: 2 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 29 14 13 19 7 10 7 12 8 10 11 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 7 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Physician Specialty OB/GYN National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 14.1 12.1 11.3 9.9 11.6 11.5 10.0 8.8 8.4 8.0 10.2 10.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 39 /100k 7.5 Physician Need 73 63 59 51 60 60 52 46 44 41 53 53 Status Deficit: -34 Deficit: -24 Deficit: -20 Deficit: -12 Deficit: -21 Deficit: -21 Deficit: -13 Deficit: -7 Deficit: -5 Deficit: -2 Deficit: -14 Deficit: -14 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 81 70 65 57 67 66 58 51 48 46 59 59 Physician Specialty Opthalmology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 6.0 5.9 5.5 4.6 2.4 3.1 5.0 3.5 3.2 4.7 4.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 17 /100k 3.3 Physician Need 31 31 29 24 12 16 26 Status Deficit: -14 Deficit: -14 Deficit: -12 Deficit: -7 Surplus: 5 Surplus: 1 Deficit: -9 18 Deficit: -1 17 Adequate 0 24 Deficit: -7 22 Deficit: -5 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 35 34 32 26 14 18 29 20 18 27 24 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 8 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Physician Specialty Orthopedic Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 8.3 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.9 4.2 6.7 3.0 5.9 4.2 6.1 5.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 21 /100k 4.0 Physician Need 43 35 33 31 31 22 35 16 31 22 32 29 Status Deficit: -22 Deficit: -14 Deficit: -12 Deficit: -10 Deficit: -10 Deficit: -1 Deficit: -14 Surplus: 5 Deficit: -10 Deficit: -1 Deficit: -11 Deficit: -8 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 48 39 37 35 34 24 39 17 34 24 35 32 Physician Specialty Otolaryngology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.4 2.4 3.0 3.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 7 /100k 1.3 Physician Need 18 17 Status Deficit: -11 Deficit: -10 17 Deficit: -10 18 Deficit: -11 12 Deficit: -5 16 Deficit: -9 16 Deficit: -9 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 20 18 18 20 14 17 17 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 9 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Physician Specialty Pathology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 6.3 1.9 1.8 6.4 3.3 1.8 4.1 3.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 11 /100k 2.1 Physician Need 33 10 9 33 17 9 Status Deficit: -22 Surplus: 1 Surplus: 2 Deficit: -22 Deficit: -6 Surplus: 2 21 Deficit: -10 17 Deficit: -6 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 36 11 10 37 19 10 24 18 Physician Specialty Pediatrics National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 24.9 16.6 15.5 12.4 11.9 16.0 9.8 7.6 13.9 13.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 55 /100k 10.6 Physician Need 129 86 80 64 62 83 Status Deficit: -74 Deficit: -31 Deficit: -25 Deficit: -9 Deficit: -7 Deficit: -28 51 Surplus: 4 39 Surplus: 16 72 Deficit: -17 67 Deficit: -12 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 143 96 89 71 68 92 56 44 80 75 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 10 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Physician Specialty Plastic Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 2.4 1.1 0.3 0.4 1.1 2.3 2.2 1.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 7 /100k 1.3 Physician Need 12 Status Deficit: -5 6 Surplus: 1 2 Surplus: 5 2 Surplus: 5 6 Surplus: 1 12 Deficit: -5 12 Deficit: -5 6 Surplus: 1 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 14 6 2 2 6 13 13 7 Physician Specialty Psychiatry National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 13.6 7.7 7.2 15.4 5.2 4.1 7.2 3.9 5.7 7.1 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 32 /100k 6.2 Physician Need 71 40 37 80 27 21 Status Deficit: -39 Deficit: -8 Deficit: -5 Deficit: -48 Surplus: 5 Surplus: 11 37 Deficit: -5 20 Surplus: 12 30 Surplus: 2 37 Deficit: -5 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 78 44 41 89 30 24 41 22 33 41 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 11 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Physician Specialty Pulmonary Diseases National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.5 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 8 /100k 1.5 Physician Need 18 10 10 7 7 5 7 Status Deficit: -10 Deficit: -2 Deficit: -2 Surplus: 1 Surplus: 1 Surplus: 3 Surplus: 1 7 Surplus: 1 7 Surplus: 1 8 Adequate 0 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 20 12 11 8 8 6 8 8 7 9 Physician Specialty Radiology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 11.4 13.6 13.7 7.7 8.5 4.7 7.7 8.0 9.1 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 29 /100k 5.6 Physician Need 59 71 71 40 44 24 40 Status Deficit: -30 Deficit: -42 Deficit: -42 Deficit: -11 Deficit: -15 Surplus: 5 Deficit: -11 41 Deficit: -12 47 Deficit: -18 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 66 78 79 44 49 27 44 46 52 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 12 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Physician Specialty Rheumatology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 1.3 0.8 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 2 /100k 0.4 Physician Need 8 6 5 4 2 4 4 Status Deficit: -6 Deficit: -4 Deficit: -3 Deficit: -2 Adequate 0 Deficit: -2 Deficit: -2 2 Adequate 0 7 Deficit: -5 4 Deficit: -2 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 9 6 6 4 2 4 4 2 8 5 Physician Specialty General Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 12.5 9.4 8.8 9.7 7.0 6.2 5.9 4.2 9.7 4.1 6.0 7.1 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 27 /100k 5.2 Physician Need 65 49 46 50 36 32 31 22 50 21 31 37 Status Deficit: -38 Deficit: -22 Deficit: -19 Deficit: -23 Deficit: -9 Deficit: -5 Deficit: -4 Surplus: 5 Deficit: -23 Surplus: 6 Deficit: -4 Deficit: -10 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 72 54 51 56 40 36 34 24 56 24 35 41 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 13 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Physician Specialty Thoracic Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.5 0.8 0.1 0.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 1 /100k 0.2 Physician Need 8 Status Deficit: -7 4 Deficit: -3 1 Adequate 0 3 Deficit: -2 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 9 5 1 3 Physician Specialty Urology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.3 2.9 2.6 1.9 2.9 2.9 2008 Actual Population Physicians 518,565 15 /100k 2.9 Physician Need 18 18 17 16 17 12 15 Status Deficit: -3 Deficit: -3 Deficit: -2 Deficit: -1 Deficit: -2 Surplus: 3 Adequate 0 13 Surplus: 2 10 Surplus: 5 15 Adequate 0 15 Adequate 0 2015 Projected Population 575,484 Physician Need 20 20 19 18 19 13 17 15 11 16 17 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 Page 14 5 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Barrow, Clarke, Elbert, Greene, Jackson, Jasper, Madison, Morgan, Newton, Oconee, Oglethorpe, Walton Report created by Georgia Board for Physician Workforce, State of Georgia *Standards are presented as rates per 100,000 population (1) McClendon, B., R.Polizer, E. Christain, and E. Fernandez. 1997. Downsizing the Physician Workforce. Public Health Reports. May/June 112:231-239. (2) Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee Summary Report. 1981. Pub. No. (HRA) 81-651. Washington: Government Printing Office. (3) American Medical Association. 1996. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US: 1995/1996. Chicago. (4) American Osteopathic Association. 1993. 1994 Yearbook and Directory of Osteopathic Physicians. Chicago. (5) Hart, L., E. Wagner, J. Parzada, A.Nelson, and R.Rosenblah. 1997. Physician Staffing Ratios in Staff- Model HMO's: A Cautionary Tale, Health Affairs 16, no. 1:55-70. (6) Weiner, J.P. 1994 Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Workforce Requirement. JAMA 272, no. 3:222-230. (7) Steinwachs, D., J.P. Weiner, S. Shapiro, et al. 1986. A Comparison of the Requirements for Primary Care Physicians in with Projections Made by the Graduate Medical National Advisory Committee. New England Journal of Medicine 314:217-222. (8) Kronick, R., D.C. Goodman, J. Wennberg, and E.Wagner. 1993. The Marketplace in Health Care Reform: The Demographic Limitations of Managed Competition. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1480152. See also, related NAPS Document 04998. (9) Vansdow, N.A. The Physician Workforce: Issues for Academic Medical Centers. Forum on the Future of Academic Medicine. December 2, 1996. (10) Forte, G.J., Dionne, M., Beaulieu, M., and Salsberg, E. Profile of New York State Physicians. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies, School of Public Health, SUNY Albany. April 2001. (11) A Review of Physician-to-Population Ratios. Merritt Hawkins & Associates. GMENAC, Goodman (Dec. 11, 1996 JAMA), Hicks & Glenn (1989 Journal of Health Care Management), Solucient (2003). (12) American Medical Association. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, 2010 Edition; 2010.