Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 4 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Heard, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Page 1 Physician Specialty Allergy & Immunology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.3 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 3 /100k 0.7 Physician Need 6 7 6 4 8 5 5 Status Deficit: -3 Deficit: -4 Deficit: -3 Deficit: -1 Deficit: -5 Deficit: -2 Deficit: -2 6 Deficit: -3 8 Deficit: -5 6 Deficit: -3 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 7 8 7 4 9 6 6 7 9 7 Physician Specialty Anesthesiology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 14.0 9.7 9.1 8.9 5.9 3.9 9.0 7.0 7.6 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 29 /100k 6.4 Physician Need 63 44 41 40 27 18 41 Status Deficit: -34 Deficit: -15 Deficit: -12 Deficit: -11 Surplus: 2 Surplus: 11 Deficit: -12 32 Deficit: -3 34 Deficit: -5 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 70 49 46 45 30 20 45 35 38 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 4 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Heard, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Page 2 Physician Specialty Cardiovascular Diseases National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 7.5 5.4 5.0 3.1 3.0 1.8 2.9 3.6 2.6 4.2 3.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 15 /100k 3.3 Physician Need 34 24 23 14 14 8 13 Status Deficit: -19 Deficit: -9 Deficit: -8 Surplus: 1 Surplus: 1 Surplus: 7 Surplus: 2 16 Deficit: -1 12 Surplus: 3 19 Deficit: -4 16 Deficit: -1 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 38 27 25 16 15 9 15 18 13 21 18 Physician Specialty Dermatology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 3.1 2.4 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 8 /100k 1.8 Physician Need 17 13 12 13 11 11 12 7 6 10 14 11 Status Deficit: -9 Deficit: -5 Deficit: -4 Deficit: -5 Deficit: -3 Deficit: -3 Deficit: -4 Surplus: 1 Surplus: 2 Deficit: -2 Deficit: -6 Deficit: -3 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 19 14 13 14 13 12 13 8 7 11 16 12 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 4 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Heard, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Page 3 Physician Specialty Emergency Medicine National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 10.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 6.7 5.3 2.7 12.4 6.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 46 /100k 10.1 Physician Need 48 25 24 24 30 24 Status Deficit: -2 Surplus: 21 Surplus: 22 Surplus: 22 Surplus: 16 Surplus: 22 12 Surplus: 34 56 Deficit: -10 28 Surplus: 18 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 53 28 26 27 34 27 14 62 31 Physician Specialty Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism National Physician Standards* Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. AMA 1.8 Two Mature HMO 1.1 Adjusted FTE 1.0 GMENAC 0.8 Kaiser Portland 0.9 7 Kaiser Plans 1.1 GHC Seattle Three HMOs 0.6 Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement 0.9 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 1 /100k 0.2 Physician Need 8 5 5 4 4 5 Status Deficit: -7 Deficit: -4 Deficit: -4 Deficit: -3 Deficit: -3 Deficit: -4 3 Deficit: -2 4 Deficit: -3 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 9 6 5 4 5 6 3 5 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 4 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Heard, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Page 4 Physician Specialty Family Practice National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 31.5 45.6 42.6 25.2 16.7 11.0 9.2 16.2 22.5 23.6 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 92 /100k 20.3 Physician Need 143 207 193 114 76 50 Status Deficit: -51 Deficit: -115 Deficit: -101 Deficit: -22 Surplus: 16 Surplus: 42 42 Surplus: 50 73 Surplus: 19 102 Deficit: -10 107 Deficit: -15 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 158 229 214 126 84 55 46 81 113 118 Physician Specialty Gastroenterology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 4.2 3.1 3.2 1.7 1.7 1.3 3.5 2.4 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 11 /100k 2.4 Physician Need 19 14 Status Deficit: -8 Deficit: -3 15 Deficit: -4 8 Surplus: 3 8 Surplus: 3 6 Surplus: 5 16 Deficit: -5 11 Adequate 0 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 21 16 16 9 9 7 18 12 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 4 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Heard, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Page 5 Physician Specialty Infectious Disease National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 2.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.8 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 2 /100k 0.4 Physician Need 10 3 3 4 5 3 3 Status Deficit: -8 Deficit: -1 Deficit: -1 Deficit: -2 Deficit: -3 Deficit: -1 Deficit: -1 4 Deficit: -2 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 11 4 3 5 6 4 3 4 Physician Specialty Internal Medicine National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 53.1 21.4 20.0 28.8 28.1 30.3 16.7 11.3 19.0 22.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 83 /100k 18.3 Physician Need 241 97 91 131 127 137 Status Deficit: -158 Deficit: -14 Deficit: -8 Deficit: -48 Deficit: -44 Deficit: -54 76 Surplus: 7 51 Surplus: 32 86 Deficit: -3 100 Deficit: -17 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 267 107 100 145 141 152 84 57 95 110 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 4 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Heard, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Page 6 Physician Specialty Nephrology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 2.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 10 /100k 2.2 Physician Need 12 6 6 5 4 3 4 Status Deficit: -2 Surplus: 4 Surplus: 4 Surplus: 5 Surplus: 6 Surplus: 7 Surplus: 6 3 Surplus: 7 5 Surplus: 5 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 13 7 7 6 4 4 5 4 5 Physician Specialty Neurology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 5.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 1.3 1.7 1.2 2.1 1.4 1.8 1.9 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 11 /100k 2.4 Physician Need 23 11 10 15 6 8 5 Status Deficit: -12 Adequate 0 Surplus: 1 Deficit: -4 Surplus: 5 Surplus: 3 Surplus: 6 10 Surplus: 1 6 Surplus: 5 8 Surplus: 3 9 Surplus: 2 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 25 12 12 17 7 9 6 11 7 9 10 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 4 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Heard, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Page 7 Physician Specialty OB/GYN National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 14.1 12.1 11.3 9.9 11.6 11.5 10.0 8.8 8.4 8.0 10.2 10.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 38 /100k 8.4 Physician Need 64 55 51 45 53 52 45 40 38 36 46 46 Status Deficit: -26 Deficit: -17 Deficit: -13 Deficit: -7 Deficit: -15 Deficit: -14 Deficit: -7 Deficit: -2 Adequate 0 Surplus: 2 Deficit: -8 Deficit: -8 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 71 61 57 50 58 58 50 44 42 40 51 51 Physician Specialty Opthalmology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 6.0 5.9 5.5 4.6 2.4 3.1 5.0 3.5 3.2 4.7 4.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 15 /100k 3.3 Physician Need 27 27 25 21 11 14 23 Status Deficit: -12 Deficit: -12 Deficit: -10 Deficit: -6 Surplus: 4 Surplus: 1 Deficit: -8 16 Deficit: -1 15 Adequate 0 21 Deficit: -6 19 Deficit: -4 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 30 30 28 23 12 16 25 18 16 24 21 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 4 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Heard, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Page 8 Physician Specialty Orthopedic Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 8.3 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.9 4.2 6.7 3.0 5.9 4.2 6.1 5.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 21 /100k 4.6 Physician Need 38 31 29 27 27 19 30 14 27 19 28 25 Status Deficit: -17 Deficit: -10 Deficit: -8 Deficit: -6 Deficit: -6 Surplus: 2 Deficit: -9 Surplus: 7 Deficit: -6 Surplus: 2 Deficit: -7 Deficit: -4 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 42 34 32 30 30 21 34 15 30 21 31 28 Physician Specialty Otolaryngology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.4 2.4 3.0 3.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 13 /100k 2.9 Physician Need 15 15 Status Deficit: -2 Deficit: -2 15 Deficit: -2 15 Deficit: -2 11 Surplus: 2 14 Deficit: -1 14 Deficit: -1 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 17 16 16 17 12 15 15 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 4 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Heard, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Page 9 Physician Specialty Pathology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 6.3 1.9 1.8 6.4 3.3 1.8 4.1 3.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 12 /100k 2.6 Physician Need 29 9 8 29 15 8 Status Deficit: -17 Surplus: 3 Surplus: 4 Deficit: -17 Deficit: -3 Surplus: 4 19 Deficit: -7 15 Deficit: -3 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 32 10 9 32 17 9 21 16 Physician Specialty Pediatrics National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 24.9 16.6 15.5 12.4 11.9 16.0 9.8 7.6 13.9 13.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 45 /100k 9.9 Physician Need 113 75 70 56 54 73 Status Deficit: -68 Deficit: -30 Deficit: -25 Deficit: -11 Deficit: -9 Deficit: -28 44 Surplus: 1 34 Surplus: 11 63 Deficit: -18 59 Deficit: -14 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 125 83 78 62 60 80 49 38 70 65 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 4 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Heard, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Page 10 Physician Specialty Plastic Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 2.4 1.1 0.3 0.4 1.1 2.3 2.2 1.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 2 /100k 0.4 Physician Need 11 Status Deficit: -9 5 Deficit: -3 1 Surplus: 1 2 Adequate 0 5 Deficit: -3 10 Deficit: -8 10 Deficit: -8 5 Deficit: -3 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 12 6 2 2 6 12 11 6 Physician Specialty Psychiatry National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 13.6 7.7 7.2 15.4 5.2 4.1 7.2 3.9 5.7 7.1 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 24 /100k 5.3 Physician Need 62 35 33 70 24 19 Status Deficit: -38 Deficit: -11 Deficit: -9 Deficit: -46 Adequate 0 Surplus: 5 33 Deficit: -9 18 Surplus: 6 26 Deficit: -2 32 Deficit: -8 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 68 39 36 77 26 21 36 20 29 36 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 4 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Heard, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Page 11 Physician Specialty Pulmonary Diseases National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.5 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 9 /100k 2.0 Physician Need 16 9 9 6 6 5 6 Status Deficit: -7 Adequate 0 Adequate 0 Surplus: 3 Surplus: 3 Surplus: 4 Surplus: 3 6 Surplus: 3 6 Surplus: 3 7 Surplus: 2 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 18 10 10 7 7 5 7 7 7 8 Physician Specialty Radiology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 11.4 13.6 13.7 7.7 8.5 4.7 7.7 8.0 9.1 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 32 /100k 7.1 Physician Need 52 62 62 35 39 21 35 Status Deficit: -20 Deficit: -30 Deficit: -30 Deficit: -3 Deficit: -7 Surplus: 11 Deficit: -3 36 Deficit: -4 41 Deficit: -9 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 57 68 69 39 43 24 39 40 46 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 4 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Heard, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Page 12 Physician Specialty Rheumatology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 1.3 0.8 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 1 /100k 0.2 Physician Need 7 5 5 3 2 3 3 Status Deficit: -6 Deficit: -4 Deficit: -4 Deficit: -2 Deficit: -1 Deficit: -2 Deficit: -2 2 Deficit: -1 6 Deficit: -5 4 Deficit: -3 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 8 6 5 4 2 4 4 2 7 4 Physician Specialty General Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 12.5 9.4 8.8 9.7 7.0 6.2 5.9 4.2 9.7 4.1 6.0 7.1 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 33 /100k 7.3 Physician Need 57 43 40 44 32 28 27 19 44 19 27 32 Status Deficit: -24 Deficit: -10 Deficit: -7 Deficit: -11 Surplus: 1 Surplus: 5 Surplus: 6 Surplus: 14 Deficit: -11 Surplus: 14 Surplus: 6 Surplus: 1 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 63 47 44 49 35 31 30 21 49 21 30 36 Georgia Physician Workforce: SCSA Reports - 2008 4 SCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Butts, Carroll, Coweta, Heard, Lamar, Meriwether, Pike, Spalding, Troup, Upson Page 13 Physician Specialty Urology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.3 2.9 2.6 1.9 2.9 2.9 2008 Actual Population Physicians 453,539 10 /100k 2.2 Physician Need 16 16 15 14 15 10 13 Status Deficit: -6 Deficit: -6 Deficit: -5 Deficit: -4 Deficit: -5 Adequate 0 Deficit: -3 12 Deficit: -2 9 Surplus: 1 13 Deficit: -3 13 Deficit: -3 2015 Projected Population 501,976 Physician Need 18 18 17 16 17 12 15 13 10 14 15 Report created by Georgia Board for Physician Workforce, State of Georgia *Standards are presented as rates per 100,000 population (1) McClendon, B., R.Polizer, E. Christain, and E. Fernandez. 1997. Downsizing the Physician Workforce. Public Health Reports. May/June 112:231-239. (2) Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee Summary Report. 1981. Pub. No. (HRA) 81-651. Washington: Government Printing Office. (3) American Medical Association. 1996. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US: 1995/1996. Chicago. (4) American Osteopathic Association. 1993. 1994 Yearbook and Directory of Osteopathic Physicians. Chicago. (5) Hart, L., E. Wagner, J. Parzada, A.Nelson, and R.Rosenblah. 1997. Physician Staffing Ratios in Staff- Model HMO's: A Cautionary Tale, Health Affairs 16, no. 1:55-70. (6) Weiner, J.P. 1994 Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Workforce Requirement. JAMA 272, no. 3:222-230. (7) Steinwachs, D., J.P. Weiner, S. Shapiro, et al. 1986. A Comparison of the Requirements for Primary Care Physicians in with Projections Made by the Graduate Medical National Advisory Committee. New England Journal of Medicine 314:217-222. (8) Kronick, R., D.C. Goodman, J. Wennberg, and E.Wagner. 1993. The Marketplace in Health Care Reform: The Demographic Limitations of Managed Competition. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1480152. See also, related NAPS Document 04998. (9) Vansdow, N.A. The Physician Workforce: Issues for Academic Medical Centers. Forum on the Future of Academic Medicine. December 2, 1996. (10) Forte, G.J., Dionne, M., Beaulieu, M., and Salsberg, E. Profile of New York State Physicians. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies, School of Public Health, SUNY Albany. April 2001. (11) A Review of Physician-to-Population Ratios. Merritt Hawkins & Associates. GMENAC, Goodman (Dec. 11, 1996 JAMA), Hicks & Glenn (1989 Journal of Health Care Management), Solucient (2003). (12) American Medical Association. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, 2010 Edition; 2010.