Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 1 Physician Specialty Allergy & Immunology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.3 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 3 1.2 Physician Need 3 Status Adequate 0 4 Deficit: -1 3 Adequate 0 2 Surplus: 1 4 Deficit: -1 3 Adequate 0 3 Adequate 0 3 Adequate 0 4 Deficit: -1 3 Adequate 0 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 3 4 3 2 4 3 3 3 4 3 Physician Specialty Anesthesiology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 14.0 9.7 9.1 8.9 5.9 3.9 9.0 7.0 7.6 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 26 10.8 Physician Need 34 Status Deficit: -8 23 Surplus: 3 22 Surplus: 4 22 Surplus: 4 14 Surplus: 12 9 Surplus: 17 22 Surplus: 4 17 Surplus: 9 18 Surplus: 8 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 34 23 22 21 14 9 22 17 18 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 2 Physician Specialty Cardiovascular Diseases National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 7.5 5.4 5.0 3.1 3.0 1.8 2.9 3.6 2.6 4.2 3.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 14 5.8 Physician Need 18 Status Deficit: -4 13 Surplus: 1 12 Surplus: 2 7 Surplus: 7 7 Surplus: 7 4 Surplus: 10 7 Surplus: 7 9 Surplus: 5 6 Surplus: 8 10 Surplus: 4 8 Surplus: 6 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 18 13 12 7 7 4 7 9 6 10 8 Physician Specialty Dermatology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 3.1 2.4 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 10 4.1 Physician Need 9 Status Surplus: 1 7 Surplus: 3 6 Surplus: 4 7 Surplus: 3 6 Surplus: 4 6 Surplus: 4 6 Surplus: 4 4 Surplus: 6 3 Surplus: 7 5 Surplus: 5 8 Surplus: 2 6 Surplus: 4 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 9 7 6 7 6 6 6 4 3 5 8 6 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 3 Physician Specialty Emergency Medicine National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 10.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 6.7 5.3 2.7 12.4 6.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 21 8.7 Physician Need 25 Status Deficit: -4 13 Surplus: 8 13 Surplus: 8 13 Surplus: 8 16 Surplus: 5 13 Surplus: 8 7 Surplus: 14 30 Deficit: -9 15 Surplus: 6 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 25 13 13 13 16 13 7 30 15 Physician Specialty Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism National Physician Standards* Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. AMA 1.8 Two Mature HMO 1.1 Adjusted FTE 1.0 GMENAC 0.8 Kaiser Portland 0.9 7 Kaiser Plans 1.1 GHC Seattle Three HMOs 0.6 Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement 0.9 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 4 1.7 Physician Need 4 Status Adequate 0 3 Surplus: 1 2 Surplus: 2 2 Surplus: 2 2 Surplus: 2 3 Surplus: 1 1 Surplus: 3 2 Surplus: 2 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 4 3 2 2 2 3 1 2 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 4 Physician Specialty Family Practice National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 31.5 45.6 42.6 25.2 16.7 11.0 9.2 16.2 22.5 23.6 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 135 55.9 Physician Need 76 Status Surplus: 59 110 Surplus: 25 103 Surplus: 32 61 Surplus: 74 40 Surplus: 95 27 Surplus: 108 22 Surplus: 113 39 Surplus: 96 54 Surplus: 81 57 Surplus: 78 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 76 110 103 61 40 27 22 39 54 57 Physician Specialty Gastroenterology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 4.2 3.1 3.2 1.7 1.7 1.3 3.5 2.4 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 8 3.3 Physician Need 10 Status Deficit: -2 7 Surplus: 1 8 Adequate 0 4 Surplus: 4 4 Surplus: 4 3 Surplus: 5 8 Adequate 0 6 Surplus: 2 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 10 7 8 4 4 3 8 6 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 5 Physician Specialty Hematology/Oncology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.5 2.5 2.4 3.6 2.3 1.8 1.6 2.6 1.2 1.1 2.1 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 1 0.4 Physician Need 8 Status Deficit: -7 6 Deficit: -5 6 Deficit: -5 9 Deficit: -8 6 Deficit: -5 4 Deficit: -3 4 Deficit: -3 6 Deficit: -5 3 Deficit: -2 3 Deficit: -2 5 Deficit: -4 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 8 6 6 9 6 4 4 6 3 3 5 Physician Specialty Infectious Disease National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 2.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.8 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 2 0.8 Physician Need 5 Status Deficit: -3 2 Adequate 0 1 Surplus: 1 2 Adequate 0 3 Deficit: -1 2 Adequate 0 1 Surplus: 1 2 Adequate 0 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 5 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 6 Physician Specialty Internal Medicine National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 53.1 21.4 20.0 28.8 28.1 30.3 16.7 11.3 19.0 22.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 48 19.9 Physician Need 128 Status Deficit: -80 52 Deficit: -4 48 Adequate 0 70 Deficit: -22 68 Deficit: -20 73 Deficit: -25 40 Surplus: 8 27 Surplus: 21 46 Surplus: 2 53 Deficit: -5 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 128 52 48 70 68 73 40 27 46 53 Physician Specialty Nephrology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 2.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 9 3.7 Physician Need 6 Status Surplus: 3 3 Surplus: 6 3 Surplus: 6 3 Surplus: 6 2 Surplus: 7 2 Surplus: 7 2 Surplus: 7 2 Surplus: 7 2 Surplus: 7 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 6 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 7 Physician Specialty Neurological Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.4 0.4 0.7 1.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 4 1.7 Physician Need 5 Status Deficit: -1 3 Surplus: 1 2 Surplus: 2 3 Surplus: 1 3 Surplus: 1 1 Surplus: 3 2 Surplus: 2 2 Surplus: 2 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 5 3 2 3 3 1 2 2 Physician Specialty Neurology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 5.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 1.3 1.7 1.2 2.1 1.4 1.8 1.9 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 5 2.1 Physician Need 12 Status Deficit: -7 6 Deficit: -1 6 Deficit: -1 8 Deficit: -3 3 Surplus: 2 4 Surplus: 1 3 Surplus: 2 5 Adequate 0 3 Surplus: 2 4 Surplus: 1 5 Adequate 0 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 12 6 6 8 3 4 3 5 3 4 5 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 8 Physician Specialty OB/GYN National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 14.1 12.1 11.3 9.9 11.6 11.5 10.0 8.8 8.4 8.0 10.2 10.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 25 10.3 Physician Need 34 Status Deficit: -9 29 Deficit: -4 27 Deficit: -2 24 Surplus: 1 28 Deficit: -3 28 Deficit: -3 24 Surplus: 1 21 Surplus: 4 20 Surplus: 5 19 Surplus: 6 25 Adequate 0 25 Adequate 0 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 34 29 27 24 28 28 24 21 20 19 25 25 Physician Specialty Opthalmology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 6.0 5.9 5.5 4.6 2.4 3.1 5.0 3.5 3.2 4.7 4.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 13 5.4 Physician Need 14 Status Deficit: -1 14 Deficit: -1 13 Adequate 0 11 Surplus: 2 6 Surplus: 7 7 Surplus: 6 12 Surplus: 1 8 Surplus: 5 8 Surplus: 5 11 Surplus: 2 10 Surplus: 3 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 14 14 13 11 6 7 12 8 8 11 10 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 9 Physician Specialty Orthopedic Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 8.3 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.9 4.2 6.7 3.0 5.9 4.2 6.1 5.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 33 13.7 Physician Need 20 Status Surplus: 13 16 Surplus: 17 15 Surplus: 18 14 Surplus: 19 14 Surplus: 19 10 Surplus: 23 16 Surplus: 17 7 Surplus: 26 14 Surplus: 19 10 Surplus: 23 15 Surplus: 18 13 Surplus: 20 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 20 16 15 14 14 10 16 7 14 10 15 13 Physician Specialty Otolaryngology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.4 2.4 3.0 3.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 8 3.3 Physician Need 8 Status Adequate 0 8 Adequate 0 8 Adequate 0 8 Adequate 0 6 Surplus: 2 7 Surplus: 1 7 Surplus: 1 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 8 8 8 8 6 7 7 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 10 Physician Specialty Pathology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 6.3 1.9 1.8 6.4 3.3 1.8 4.1 3.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 8 3.3 Physician Need 15 Status Deficit: -7 5 Surplus: 3 4 Surplus: 4 15 Deficit: -7 8 Adequate 0 4 Surplus: 4 10 Deficit: -2 8 Adequate 0 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 15 5 4 15 8 4 10 8 Physician Specialty Pediatrics National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 24.9 16.6 15.5 12.4 11.9 16.0 9.8 7.6 13.9 13.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 32 13.2 Physician Need 60 Status Deficit: -28 40 Deficit: -8 37 Deficit: -5 30 Surplus: 2 29 Surplus: 3 39 Deficit: -7 24 Surplus: 8 18 Surplus: 14 34 Deficit: -2 31 Surplus: 1 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 60 40 37 30 29 39 24 18 34 31 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 11 Physician Specialty Plastic Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 2.4 1.1 0.3 0.4 1.1 2.3 2.2 1.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 8 3.3 Physician Need 6 Status Surplus: 2 3 Surplus: 5 1 Surplus: 7 1 Surplus: 7 3 Surplus: 5 6 Surplus: 2 5 Surplus: 3 3 Surplus: 5 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 6 3 1 1 3 6 5 3 Physician Specialty Psychiatry National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 13.6 7.7 7.2 15.4 5.2 4.1 7.2 3.9 5.7 7.1 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 31 12.8 Physician Need 33 Status Deficit: -2 19 Surplus: 12 17 Surplus: 14 37 Deficit: -6 13 Surplus: 18 10 Surplus: 21 17 Surplus: 14 9 Surplus: 22 14 Surplus: 17 17 Surplus: 14 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 33 19 17 37 13 10 17 9 14 17 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 12 Physician Specialty Pulmonary Diseases National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.5 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 3 1.2 Physician Need 8 Status Deficit: -5 5 Deficit: -2 5 Deficit: -2 3 Adequate 0 3 Adequate 0 2 Surplus: 1 3 Adequate 0 3 Adequate 0 3 Adequate 0 4 Deficit: -1 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 8 5 5 3 3 2 3 3 3 4 Physician Specialty Radiology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 11.4 13.6 13.7 7.7 8.5 4.7 7.7 8.0 9.1 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 27 11.2 Physician Need 28 Status Deficit: -1 33 Deficit: -6 33 Deficit: -6 19 Surplus: 8 21 Surplus: 6 11 Surplus: 16 19 Surplus: 8 19 Surplus: 8 22 Surplus: 5 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 28 33 33 19 21 11 19 19 22 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 13 Physician Specialty Rheumatology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 1.3 0.8 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 2 0.8 Physician Need 4 Status Deficit: -2 3 Deficit: -1 2 Adequate 0 2 Adequate 0 1 Surplus: 1 2 Adequate 0 2 Adequate 0 1 Surplus: 1 3 Deficit: -1 2 Adequate 0 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 4 3 2 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 Physician Specialty General Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 12.5 9.4 8.8 9.7 7.0 6.2 5.9 4.2 9.7 4.1 6.0 7.1 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 24 9.9 Physician Need 30 Status Deficit: -6 23 Surplus: 1 21 Surplus: 3 23 Surplus: 1 17 Surplus: 7 15 Surplus: 9 14 Surplus: 10 10 Surplus: 14 23 Surplus: 1 10 Surplus: 14 15 Surplus: 9 17 Surplus: 7 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 30 23 21 23 17 15 14 10 23 10 15 17 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 14 Physician Specialty Thoracic Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.5 0.8 0.1 0.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 3 1.2 Physician Need 4 Status Deficit: -1 2 Surplus: 1 0 Surplus: 3 1 Surplus: 2 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 4 2 0 1 Physician Specialty Urology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.3 2.9 2.6 1.9 2.9 2.9 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 241,618 10 4.1 Physician Need 8 Status Surplus: 2 8 Surplus: 2 8 Surplus: 2 7 Surplus: 3 8 Surplus: 2 6 Surplus: 4 7 Surplus: 3 6 Surplus: 4 5 Surplus: 5 7 Surplus: 3 7 Surplus: 3 2015 Projected Population 241,394 Physician Need 8 8 8 7 8 6 7 6 5 7 7 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 43 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Chattahoochee, Harris, Marion, Muscogee, Talbot Page 15 Report created by Georgia Board for Physician Workforce, State of Georgia *Standards are presented as rates per 100,000 population (1) McClendon, B., R.Polizer, E. Christain, and E. Fernandez. 1997. Downsizing the Physician Workforce. Public Health Reports. May/June 112:231-239. (2) Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee Summary Report. 1981. Pub. No. (HRA) 81-651. Washington: Government Printing Office. (3) American Medical Association. 1996. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US: 1995/1996. Chicago. (4) American Osteopathic Association. 1993. 1994 Yearbook and Directory of Osteopathic Physicians. Chicago. (5) Hart, L., E. Wagner, J. Parzada, A.Nelson, and R.Rosenblah. 1997. Physician Staffing Ratios in Staff- Model HMO's: A Cautionary Tale, Health Affairs 16, no. 1:55-70. (6) Weiner, J.P. 1994 Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Workforce Requirement. JAMA 272, no. 3:222-230. (7) Steinwachs, D., J.P. Weiner, S. Shapiro, et al. 1986. A Comparison of the Requirements for Primary Care Physicians in with Projections Made by the Graduate Medical National Advisory Committee. New England Journal of Medicine 314:217-222. (8) Kronick, R., D.C. Goodman, J. Wennberg, and E.Wagner. 1993. The Marketplace in Health Care Reform: The Demographic Limitations of Managed Competition. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1480152. See also, related NAPS Document 04998. (9) Vansdow, N.A. The Physician Workforce: Issues for Academic Medical Centers. Forum on the Future of Academic Medicine. December 2, 1996. (10) Forte, G.J., Dionne, M., Beaulieu, M., and Salsberg, E. Profile of New York State Physicians. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies, School of Public Health, SUNY Albany. April 2001. (11) A Review of Physician-to-Population Ratios. Merritt Hawkins & Associates. GMENAC, Goodman (Dec. 11, 1996 JAMA), Hicks & Glenn (1989 Journal of Health Care Management), Solucient (2003). (12) American Medical Association. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, 2010 Edition; 2010.