Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 1 Physician Specialty Allergy & Immunology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.4 1.5 1.4 0.8 1.7 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.3 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 3 1.2 Physician Need 3 Status Adequate 0 4 Deficit: -1 3 Adequate 0 2 Surplus: 1 4 Deficit: -1 3 Adequate 0 3 Adequate 0 3 Adequate 0 4 Deficit: -1 3 Adequate 0 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 4 4 4 2 4 3 3 3 4 3 Physician Specialty Anesthesiology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 14.0 9.7 9.1 8.9 5.9 3.9 9.0 7.0 7.6 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 30 12.1 Physician Need 35 Status Deficit: -5 24 Surplus: 6 23 Surplus: 7 22 Surplus: 8 15 Surplus: 15 10 Surplus: 20 22 Surplus: 8 17 Surplus: 13 19 Surplus: 11 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 35 24 23 22 15 10 23 18 19 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 2 Physician Specialty Cardiovascular Diseases National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 7.5 5.4 5.0 3.1 3.0 1.8 2.9 3.6 2.6 4.2 3.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 26 10.5 Physician Need 19 Status Surplus: 7 13 Surplus: 13 12 Surplus: 14 8 Surplus: 18 7 Surplus: 19 4 Surplus: 22 7 Surplus: 19 9 Surplus: 17 6 Surplus: 20 10 Surplus: 16 9 Surplus: 17 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 19 14 13 8 8 5 7 9 7 11 9 Physician Specialty Dermatology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 1.4 2.1 3.1 2.4 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 6 2.4 Physician Need 9 Status Deficit: -3 7 Deficit: -1 6 Adequate 0 7 Deficit: -1 6 Adequate 0 6 Adequate 0 6 Adequate 0 4 Surplus: 2 3 Surplus: 3 5 Surplus: 1 8 Deficit: -2 6 Adequate 0 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 9 7 7 7 6 6 7 4 4 5 8 6 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 3 Physician Specialty Emergency Medicine National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 10.5 5.5 5.2 5.4 6.7 5.3 2.7 12.4 6.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 21 8.5 Physician Need 26 Status Deficit: -5 14 Surplus: 7 13 Surplus: 8 13 Surplus: 8 17 Surplus: 4 13 Surplus: 8 7 Surplus: 14 31 Deficit: -10 15 Surplus: 6 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 26 14 13 14 17 13 7 31 16 Physician Specialty Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism National Physician Standards* Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. AMA 1.8 Two Mature HMO 1.1 Adjusted FTE 1.0 GMENAC 0.8 Kaiser Portland 0.9 7 Kaiser Plans 1.1 GHC Seattle Three HMOs 0.6 Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement 0.9 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 5 2.0 Physician Need 4 Status Surplus: 1 3 Surplus: 2 2 Surplus: 3 2 Surplus: 3 2 Surplus: 3 3 Surplus: 2 1 Surplus: 4 2 Surplus: 3 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 5 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 4 Physician Specialty Family Practice National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 31.5 45.6 42.6 25.2 16.7 11.0 9.2 16.2 22.5 23.6 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 90 36.3 Physician Need 78 Status Surplus: 12 113 Deficit: -23 105 Deficit: -15 62 Surplus: 28 41 Surplus: 49 27 Surplus: 63 23 Surplus: 67 40 Surplus: 50 56 Surplus: 34 58 Surplus: 32 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 79 114 107 63 42 28 23 41 56 59 Physician Specialty Gastroenterology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 4.2 3.1 3.2 1.7 1.7 1.3 3.5 2.4 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 13 5.2 Physician Need 10 Status Surplus: 3 8 Surplus: 5 8 Surplus: 5 4 Surplus: 9 4 Surplus: 9 3 Surplus: 10 9 Surplus: 4 6 Surplus: 7 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 11 8 8 4 4 3 9 6 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 5 Physician Specialty Infectious Disease National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 2.2 0.7 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.7 0.6 0.8 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 4 1.6 Physician Need 5 Status Deficit: -1 2 Surplus: 2 1 Surplus: 3 2 Surplus: 2 3 Surplus: 1 2 Surplus: 2 1 Surplus: 3 2 Surplus: 2 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 6 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 Physician Specialty Internal Medicine National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 53.1 21.4 20.0 28.8 28.1 30.3 16.7 11.3 19.0 22.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 75 30.3 Physician Need 132 Status Deficit: -57 53 Surplus: 22 50 Surplus: 25 71 Surplus: 4 70 Surplus: 5 75 Adequate 0 41 Surplus: 34 28 Surplus: 47 47 Surplus: 28 54 Surplus: 21 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 133 54 50 72 70 76 42 28 48 55 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 6 Physician Specialty Nephrology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 2.6 1.4 1.3 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.7 1.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 11 4.4 Physician Need 6 Status Surplus: 5 3 Surplus: 8 3 Surplus: 8 3 Surplus: 8 2 Surplus: 9 2 Surplus: 9 2 Surplus: 9 2 Surplus: 9 2 Surplus: 9 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 7 4 3 3 2 2 2 2 3 Physician Specialty Neurological Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.9 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.4 0.4 0.7 1.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 10 4.0 Physician Need 5 Status Surplus: 5 3 Surplus: 7 2 Surplus: 8 3 Surplus: 7 3 Surplus: 7 1 Surplus: 9 2 Surplus: 8 2 Surplus: 8 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 5 3 3 3 4 1 2 3 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 7 Physician Specialty Neurology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 5.0 2.4 2.3 3.3 1.3 1.7 1.2 2.1 1.4 1.8 1.9 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 12 4.8 Physician Need 12 Status Adequate 0 6 Surplus: 6 6 Surplus: 6 8 Surplus: 4 3 Surplus: 9 4 Surplus: 8 3 Surplus: 9 5 Surplus: 7 3 Surplus: 9 4 Surplus: 8 5 Surplus: 7 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 13 6 6 8 3 4 3 5 4 4 5 Physician Specialty OB/GYN National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 14.1 12.1 11.3 9.9 11.6 11.5 10.0 8.8 8.4 8.0 10.2 10.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 35 14.1 Physician Need 35 Status Adequate 0 30 Surplus: 5 28 Surplus: 7 25 Surplus: 10 29 Surplus: 6 28 Surplus: 7 25 Surplus: 10 22 Surplus: 13 21 Surplus: 14 20 Surplus: 15 25 Surplus: 10 25 Surplus: 10 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 35 30 28 25 29 29 25 22 21 20 25 26 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 8 Physician Specialty Opthalmology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 6.0 5.9 5.5 4.6 2.4 3.1 5.0 3.5 3.2 4.7 4.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 20 8.1 Physician Need 15 Status Surplus: 5 15 Surplus: 5 14 Surplus: 6 11 Surplus: 9 6 Surplus: 14 8 Surplus: 12 12 Surplus: 8 9 Surplus: 11 8 Surplus: 12 12 Surplus: 8 10 Surplus: 10 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 15 15 14 12 6 8 13 9 8 12 11 Physician Specialty Orthopedic Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 8.3 6.8 6.4 6.0 5.9 4.2 6.7 3.0 5.9 4.2 6.1 5.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 23 9.3 Physician Need 21 Status Surplus: 2 17 Surplus: 6 16 Surplus: 7 15 Surplus: 8 15 Surplus: 8 10 Surplus: 13 17 Surplus: 6 7 Surplus: 16 15 Surplus: 8 10 Surplus: 13 15 Surplus: 8 14 Surplus: 9 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 21 17 16 15 15 11 17 8 15 11 15 14 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 9 Physician Specialty Otolaryngology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.4 2.4 3.0 3.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 10 4.0 Physician Need 8 Status Surplus: 2 8 Surplus: 2 8 Surplus: 2 8 Surplus: 2 6 Surplus: 4 7 Surplus: 3 7 Surplus: 3 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 9 8 8 9 6 8 8 Physician Specialty Pathology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 6.3 1.9 1.8 6.4 3.3 1.8 4.1 3.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 14 5.7 Physician Need 16 Status Deficit: -2 5 Surplus: 9 4 Surplus: 10 16 Deficit: -2 8 Surplus: 6 4 Surplus: 10 10 Surplus: 4 8 Surplus: 6 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 16 5 5 16 8 5 10 8 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 10 Physician Specialty Pediatrics National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 24.9 16.6 15.5 12.4 11.9 16.0 9.8 7.6 13.9 13.0 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 38 15.3 Physician Need 62 Status Deficit: -24 41 Deficit: -3 38 Adequate 0 31 Surplus: 7 29 Surplus: 9 40 Deficit: -2 24 Surplus: 14 19 Surplus: 19 34 Surplus: 4 32 Surplus: 6 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 62 42 39 31 30 40 25 19 35 33 Physician Specialty Plastic Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 2.4 1.1 0.3 0.4 1.1 2.3 2.2 1.2 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 10 4.0 Physician Need 6 Status Surplus: 4 3 Surplus: 7 1 Surplus: 9 1 Surplus: 9 3 Surplus: 7 6 Surplus: 4 5 Surplus: 5 3 Surplus: 7 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 6 3 1 1 3 6 6 3 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 11 Physician Specialty Psychiatry National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 13.6 7.7 7.2 15.4 5.2 4.1 7.2 3.9 5.7 7.1 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 30 12.1 Physician Need 34 Status Deficit: -4 19 Surplus: 11 18 Surplus: 12 38 Deficit: -8 13 Surplus: 17 10 Surplus: 20 18 Surplus: 12 10 Surplus: 20 14 Surplus: 16 18 Surplus: 12 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 34 19 18 39 13 10 18 10 14 18 Physician Specialty Pulmonary Diseases National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.5 2.0 1.9 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 11 4.4 Physician Need 9 Status Surplus: 2 5 Surplus: 6 5 Surplus: 6 3 Surplus: 8 3 Surplus: 8 2 Surplus: 9 3 Surplus: 8 3 Surplus: 8 3 Surplus: 8 4 Surplus: 7 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 9 5 5 4 4 3 4 4 3 4 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 12 Physician Specialty Radiology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 11.4 13.6 13.7 7.7 8.5 4.7 7.7 8.0 9.1 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 39 15.7 Physician Need 28 Status Surplus: 11 34 Surplus: 5 34 Surplus: 5 19 Surplus: 20 21 Surplus: 18 12 Surplus: 27 19 Surplus: 20 20 Surplus: 19 23 Surplus: 16 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 29 34 34 19 21 12 19 20 23 Physician Specialty Rheumatology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.5 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.4 0.7 0.7 0.4 1.3 0.8 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 4 1.6 Physician Need 4 Status Adequate 0 3 Surplus: 1 2 Surplus: 2 2 Surplus: 2 1 Surplus: 3 2 Surplus: 2 2 Surplus: 2 1 Surplus: 3 3 Surplus: 1 2 Surplus: 2 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 4 3 3 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 13 Physician Specialty General Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 12.5 9.4 8.8 9.7 7.0 6.2 5.9 4.2 9.7 4.1 6.0 7.1 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 28 11.3 Physician Need 31 Status Deficit: -3 23 Surplus: 5 22 Surplus: 6 24 Surplus: 4 17 Surplus: 11 15 Surplus: 13 15 Surplus: 13 10 Surplus: 18 24 Surplus: 4 10 Surplus: 18 15 Surplus: 13 18 Surplus: 10 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 31 24 22 24 18 16 15 11 24 10 15 18 Physician Specialty Thoracic Surgery National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 1.5 0.8 0.1 0.5 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 4 1.6 Physician Need 4 Status Adequate 0 2 Surplus: 2 0 Surplus: 4 1 Surplus: 3 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 4 2 0 1 Georgia Physician Workforce: PCSA Reports - 2008 46 PCSA Physician Standard Report Included Counties: Bibb, Crawford, Jones, Peach, Taylor, Twiggs, Wilkinson Page 14 Physician Specialty Urology National Physician Standards* AMA Two Mature HMO Adjusted FTE GMENAC Kaiser Portland 7 Kaiser Plans GHC Seattle Three HMOs Goodman Hicks & Glenn Solucient Average Requirement Standard Phys/100,000 Pop. 3.5 3.5 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.3 2.9 2.6 1.9 2.9 2.9 2008 Actual Population Physicians /100k 247,650 8 3.2 Physician Need 9 Status Deficit: -1 9 Deficit: -1 8 Adequate 0 8 Adequate 0 8 Adequate 0 6 Surplus: 2 7 Surplus: 1 6 Surplus: 2 5 Surplus: 3 7 Surplus: 1 7 Surplus: 1 2015 Projected Population 250,180 Physician Need 9 9 8 8 8 6 7 7 5 7 7 Report created by Georgia Board for Physician Workforce, State of Georgia *Standards are presented as rates per 100,000 population (1) McClendon, B., R.Polizer, E. Christain, and E. Fernandez. 1997. Downsizing the Physician Workforce. Public Health Reports. May/June 112:231-239. (2) Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee Summary Report. 1981. Pub. No. (HRA) 81-651. Washington: Government Printing Office. (3) American Medical Association. 1996. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US: 1995/1996. Chicago. (4) American Osteopathic Association. 1993. 1994 Yearbook and Directory of Osteopathic Physicians. Chicago. (5) Hart, L., E. Wagner, J. Parzada, A.Nelson, and R.Rosenblah. 1997. Physician Staffing Ratios in Staff- Model HMO's: A Cautionary Tale, Health Affairs 16, no. 1:55-70. (6) Weiner, J.P. 1994 Forecasting the Effects of Health Reform on U.S. Physician Workforce Requirement. JAMA 272, no. 3:222-230. (7) Steinwachs, D., J.P. Weiner, S. Shapiro, et al. 1986. A Comparison of the Requirements for Primary Care Physicians in with Projections Made by the Graduate Medical National Advisory Committee. New England Journal of Medicine 314:217-222. (8) Kronick, R., D.C. Goodman, J. Wennberg, and E.Wagner. 1993. The Marketplace in Health Care Reform: The Demographic Limitations of Managed Competition. New England Journal of Medicine 328:1480152. See also, related NAPS Document 04998. (9) Vansdow, N.A. The Physician Workforce: Issues for Academic Medical Centers. Forum on the Future of Academic Medicine. December 2, 1996. (10) Forte, G.J., Dionne, M., Beaulieu, M., and Salsberg, E. Profile of New York State Physicians. Rensselaer, NY: Center for Health Workforce Studies, School of Public Health, SUNY Albany. April 2001. (11) A Review of Physician-to-Population Ratios. Merritt Hawkins & Associates. GMENAC, Goodman (Dec. 11, 1996 JAMA), Hicks & Glenn (1989 Journal of Health Care Management), Solucient (2003). (12) American Medical Association. Physician Characteristics and Distribution in the US, 2010 Edition; 2010.